Added Introduction to Control Flow & Statements in C++ Roadmap

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src/data/roadmaps/cpp/content/control-flow--statements@s5Gs4yF9TPh-psYmtPzks.md

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-# Control Flow & Statements
+# Control Flow & Statements in C++
+
+Control flow statements in C++ determine the order in which instructions are executed within a program. They allow developers to implement logic, make decisions, and repeat actions based on specific conditions. The main control flow statements in C++ include **conditional statements**, **loops**, and **jump statements**.
+
+## Conditional Statements
+
+Conditional statements allow the program to execute specific blocks of code based on certain conditions. The common conditional statements in C++ are:
+
+- **if statement**: Executes a block of code if a specified condition is true.
+
+```cpp
+#include <iostream>
+
+int main() {
+    int num = 10;
+
+    if (num > 0) {
+        std::cout << "Number is positive." << std::endl;
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+}
+```
+
+- **if-else statement**: Executes one block of code if the condition is true and another block if the condition is false.
+
+```cpp
+int age = 18;
+
+if (age >= 18) {
+    std::cout << "You are eligible to vote." << std::endl;
+} else {
+    std::cout << "You are not eligible to vote." << std::endl;
+}
+```
+
+- **else if ladder**: Evaluates multiple conditions sequentially.
+
+```cpp
+int score = 85;
+
+if (score >= 90) {
+    std::cout << "Grade: A" << std::endl;
+} else if (score >= 75) {
+    std::cout << "Grade: B" << std::endl;
+} else if (score >= 50) {
+    std::cout << "Grade: C" << std::endl;
+} else {
+    std::cout << "Grade: F" << std::endl;
+}
+```
+
+- **switch statement**: Selects a block of code to execute based on the value of a variable or expression.
+
+```cpp
+char grade = 'B';
+
+switch (grade) {
+    case 'A':
+        std::cout << "Excellent!" << std::endl;
+        break;
+    case 'B':
+        std::cout << "Good job!" << std::endl;
+        break;
+    case 'C':
+        std::cout << "You can do better." << std::endl;
+        break;
+    default:
+        std::cout << "Invalid grade." << std::endl;
+}
+```
+
+## Loops
+
+Loops allow a block of code to be executed repeatedly based on a condition. Common loops in C++ include:
+
+- **while loop**: Repeats a block of code as long as the specified condition is true.
+
+```cpp
+int i = 1;
+while (i <= 5) {
+    std::cout << i << " ";
+    i++;
+}
+```
+
+- **do-while loop**: Executes the loop at least once, regardless of the condition.
+
+```cpp
+int i = 1;
+do {
+    std::cout << i << " ";
+    i++;
+} while (i <= 5);
+```
+
+- **for loop**: Repeats a block of code a specific number of times.
+
+```cpp
+for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {
+    std::cout << i << " ";
+}
+```
+
+## Jump Statements
+
+Jump statements alter the flow of execution within loops or conditional statements. The main jump statements in C++ are:
+
+- **break**: Exits a loop or switch statement prematurely.
+- **continue**: Skips the current iteration of a loop and proceeds to the next iteration.
+- **return**: Exits the current function and optionally returns a value.
+
+```cpp
+for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {
+    if (i == 3) {
+        continue;  // Skip 3
+    }
+    std::cout << i << " ";
+}
+```
+
+Learn more from the following resources:
+
+- [@article@introduction to control flow in C++](https://www.learncpp.com/cpp-tutorial/control-flow-introduction/)