diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/cpp/content/control-flow--statements@s5Gs4yF9TPh-psYmtPzks.md b/src/data/roadmaps/cpp/content/control-flow--statements@s5Gs4yF9TPh-psYmtPzks.md index 8b772289d..95d8f802b 100644 --- a/src/data/roadmaps/cpp/content/control-flow--statements@s5Gs4yF9TPh-psYmtPzks.md +++ b/src/data/roadmaps/cpp/content/control-flow--statements@s5Gs4yF9TPh-psYmtPzks.md @@ -1 +1,124 @@ -# Control Flow & Statements \ No newline at end of file +# Control Flow & Statements in C++ + +Control flow statements in C++ determine the order in which instructions are executed within a program. They allow developers to implement logic, make decisions, and repeat actions based on specific conditions. The main control flow statements in C++ include **conditional statements**, **loops**, and **jump statements**. + +## Conditional Statements + +Conditional statements allow the program to execute specific blocks of code based on certain conditions. The common conditional statements in C++ are: + +- **if statement**: Executes a block of code if a specified condition is true. + +```cpp +#include + +int main() { + int num = 10; + + if (num > 0) { + std::cout << "Number is positive." << std::endl; + } + + return 0; +} +``` + +- **if-else statement**: Executes one block of code if the condition is true and another block if the condition is false. + +```cpp +int age = 18; + +if (age >= 18) { + std::cout << "You are eligible to vote." << std::endl; +} else { + std::cout << "You are not eligible to vote." << std::endl; +} +``` + +- **else if ladder**: Evaluates multiple conditions sequentially. + +```cpp +int score = 85; + +if (score >= 90) { + std::cout << "Grade: A" << std::endl; +} else if (score >= 75) { + std::cout << "Grade: B" << std::endl; +} else if (score >= 50) { + std::cout << "Grade: C" << std::endl; +} else { + std::cout << "Grade: F" << std::endl; +} +``` + +- **switch statement**: Selects a block of code to execute based on the value of a variable or expression. + +```cpp +char grade = 'B'; + +switch (grade) { + case 'A': + std::cout << "Excellent!" << std::endl; + break; + case 'B': + std::cout << "Good job!" << std::endl; + break; + case 'C': + std::cout << "You can do better." << std::endl; + break; + default: + std::cout << "Invalid grade." << std::endl; +} +``` + +## Loops + +Loops allow a block of code to be executed repeatedly based on a condition. Common loops in C++ include: + +- **while loop**: Repeats a block of code as long as the specified condition is true. + +```cpp +int i = 1; +while (i <= 5) { + std::cout << i << " "; + i++; +} +``` + +- **do-while loop**: Executes the loop at least once, regardless of the condition. + +```cpp +int i = 1; +do { + std::cout << i << " "; + i++; +} while (i <= 5); +``` + +- **for loop**: Repeats a block of code a specific number of times. + +```cpp +for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) { + std::cout << i << " "; +} +``` + +## Jump Statements + +Jump statements alter the flow of execution within loops or conditional statements. The main jump statements in C++ are: + +- **break**: Exits a loop or switch statement prematurely. +- **continue**: Skips the current iteration of a loop and proceeds to the next iteration. +- **return**: Exits the current function and optionally returns a value. + +```cpp +for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) { + if (i == 3) { + continue; // Skip 3 + } + std::cout << i << " "; +} +``` + +Learn more from the following resources: + +- [@article@introduction to control flow in C++](https://www.learncpp.com/cpp-tutorial/control-flow-introduction/)