Terraform - Complete state topics (#6125)

* complete state topics

* added more content, fixed typo

* Update src/data/roadmaps/terraform/content/graph@vAFFgKSthyj_3Lxt-Z6pg.md

add graphviz

src/data/roadmaps/terraform/content/-replace-option-in-apply@jvHtSRLuCXJrGIiesgbE-.md

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-# -replace option in apply
+# -replace option in apply
+
+The -replace flag in Terraform is used with the apply or plan command to force the replacement of a specific resource by tainting the resources. This flag instructs Terraform to delete and recreate the specified resource instead of updating it in place. It's useful when you need to regenerate a resource completely, such as when certain attributes can't be modified after creation. The flag is typically used when Terraform can't automatically detect that a resource needs replacement, or when you want to force a replacement for testing or troubleshooting purposes. While powerful, this flag should be used cautiously, especially with stateful resources, as it can lead to data loss. It's often employed in scenarios where in-place updates are not sufficient to achieve the desired configuration state of a resource.
+
+Learn more from the following resources:
+
+- [@article@Forcing Re-creation of Resources](https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/cli/state/taint)
+- [@article@Terraform Taint, Untaint, Replace – How to Use It (Examples)](https://spacelift.io/blog/terraform-taint)
+- [@video@Terraform Taint Is Bad Actually - Use Replace Instead](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v_T1fuYGjV0)

src/data/roadmaps/terraform/content/best-practices-for-state@jas0XILqCUXjWRk3ZoSEO.md

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-# Best Practices for State
+# Best Practices for State
+
+Terraform state best practices focus on security, consistency, and collaboration. 
+
+- Store state files remotely in encrypted, version-controlled backends like S3 or Terraform Cloud to enable team access and enhance security.
+- Implement state locking to prevent concurrent modifications. Use workspaces or separate state files for different environments.
+- Regularly back up state files and enable versioning for rollback capabilities.
+- Avoid storing sensitive data directly in state; instead, use secret management tools.
+- Keep state files separate from your Terraform configuration in version control. 
+- Utilize state subcommands for maintenance and troubleshooting. Implement access controls to restrict state file access.
+- Regularly review and clean up unused resources in the state. 
+
+These practices help maintain a secure, efficient, and manageable Terraform workflow, especially in team environments and complex infrastructures.
+
+Learn more from the following resources:
+
+- [@article@Managing Terraform State – Best Practices & Examples](https://spacelift.io/blog/terraform-state)
+- [@article@Best Practices for Terraform State File Management](https://www.cloudthat.com/resources/blog/best-practices-for-terraform-state-file-management)
+- [@video@Managing Terraform State Files - What are your options?](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=keiIyarEKf8)

src/data/roadmaps/terraform/content/graph@vAFFgKSthyj_3Lxt-Z6pg.md

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-# graph
+# graph
+
+The terraform graph command generates a visual representation of either a configuration or execution plan. It creates a graph of resources and their dependencies in DOT format, which can be converted into an image using tools like Graphviz. This visual aid helps developers understand complex resource relationships, identify potential issues in resource ordering, and visualize the overall structure of their infrastructure. The graph can show different aspects of the Terraform configuration, including resource dependencies, data flow, and module relationships. While primarily used for debugging and documentation purposes, the graph command is also valuable for presenting infrastructure designs to stakeholders or for educational purposes. It's particularly useful in large, complex projects where understanding resource interdependencies can be challenging.
+
+Learn more from the following resources:
+
+- [@official@graph command](https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/cli/commands/graph)
+- [@article@How to Generate Images with Terraform Graph Command](https://spacelift.io/blog/terraform-graph)
+- [@video@Terraform — Resource Graph](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YbnBstMyVEI)
+- [@opensource@Graphviz](https://gitlab.com/graphviz/graphviz)

src/data/roadmaps/terraform/content/import-existing-resources@L7wAMGi_yU-Bbc9fXlmxZ.md

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-# Import Existing Resources
+# Import Existing Resources
+
+terraform state import is a command used to bring existing resources under Terraform management. It allows you to add resources that were created outside of Terraform (e.g., manually or by other tools) into your Terraform state. The command takes two main arguments: the Terraform resource address and the real-world resource identifier. When executed, it adds the resource to the state file without modifying the actual infrastructure. This is useful for adopting Terraform in environments with existing resources, or for recovering from scenarios where state and reality have diverged. After importing, you need to write the corresponding configuration in your Terraform files to match the imported resource.
+
+In Terraform v1.5.0 and later you can also create `import` blocks in any Terraform configuration file.
+
+Learn more from the following resources:
+
+- [@official@Terraform import command](https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/cli/import)
+- [@article@Terraform Import: What it is and how to use it](https://terrateam.io/blog/terraform-import)
+- [@video@Exploring the Import Block in Terraform 1.5](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=znfh_00EDZ0)

src/data/roadmaps/terraform/content/inspect--modify-state@KXlLlaR0_S7gE_ZB1hNEd.md

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-# Inspect / Modify State
+# Inspect / Modify State
+
+Terraform provides tools to inspect and modify state, enabling management of tracked resources without altering the actual infrastructure. These capabilities allow users to view the current state in human-readable format, list all resources in the state, and obtain detailed information on specific resources. For state modification, Terraform offers methods to move resources within the state or to different state files, remove resources from state without deleting the actual resource, and update the state to match real-world infrastructure. These tools are crucial for reconciling discrepancies between Terraform's state and actual infrastructure, and for managing resources across different Terraform configurations or workspaces. However, state modifications should be performed cautiously, as improper changes can lead to inconsistencies between the state and the actual infrastructure.

src/data/roadmaps/terraform/content/list@Y-mgCkDpawt5NrMwDH9Ki.md

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-# list
+# list
+
+The terraform list command is used to display a list of resources within the Terraform state. It provides a quick overview of all the resources currently being managed by Terraform in your configuration. This command is particularly useful when working with large or complex infrastructures, allowing developers to quickly see what resources are under Terraform's control. The output includes the resource type and name for each managed resource, making it easy to identify specific elements of your infrastructure. It's often used in conjunction with other state manipulation commands to verify the contents of the state or to identify resources for further inspection or modification.
+
+Learn more from the following resources:
+
+- [@official@Terraform state list](https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/cli/commands/state/list)

src/data/roadmaps/terraform/content/mv@0xVXwjWPFXDGRw_3p6th6.md

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-# mv
+# mv
+
+The terraform state mv command is used to move resources within a Terraform state or between separate state files. It allows for reorganizing the state without modifying the actual infrastructure. This command is useful when refactoring Terraform configurations, moving resources between modules, or splitting a large state file into smaller ones. It takes two arguments: the source and destination addresses of the resource. The command updates all references to the moved resource, ensuring that future operations correctly target the resource at its new location. This functionality is particularly valuable when restructuring complex projects or adapting to changing organizational needs. However, it should be used cautiously, as incorrect moves can lead to state inconsistencies.
+
+Learn more from the following resources:
+
+- [@official@Terraform state mv](https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/cli/commands/state/mv)
+- [@video@ Terraform — Terraform State MV ](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i10IMXn3l0o)
+- [@article@Moving resoureces](https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/cli/state/move)

src/data/roadmaps/terraform/content/output@kw32gb4HSeCEoBwkeziS_.md

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-# output
+# output
+
+The terraform output command is used to extract the value of an output variable from the Terraform state. It allows you to view the values of outputs defined in your Terraform configuration after they have been applied. This command is useful for retrieving information about your infrastructure, such as IP addresses, resource IDs, or computed values, which can then be used in scripts or passed to other systems. When run without arguments, it displays all outputs. You can specify a particular output name to retrieve a specific value. The command supports different output formats, including JSON, making it easy to integrate with other tools or workflows. It's particularly valuable in CI/CD pipelines or when Terraform is used as part of a larger automation process.
+
+Learn more from the following resources:
+
+- [@official@Terraform output command](https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/cli/commands/output)
+- [@article@Terraform output](https://learning-ocean.com/tutorials/terraform/terraform-output/)

src/data/roadmaps/terraform/content/remote-state@pDm08NBVwGf9rAIZC_ZIR.md

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-# Remote State
+# Remote State
+
+Terraform remote state refers to storing the state file in a shared, centralized location rather than locally. This approach enables team collaboration, improves security, and ensures state consistency. Common remote backends include cloud storage services like AWS S3, Azure Blob Storage, or managed services like Terraform Cloud. Remote state allows multiple team members to safely work on the same infrastructure, prevents state file loss, and can provide locking mechanisms to avoid concurrent modifications. It's configured in the backend block of the Terraform configuration. Remote state can also be used to share outputs between different Terraform configurations, enabling modular infrastructure design. While more complex to set up initially, remote state is considered a best practice for production environments and team-based Terraform workflows.
+
+Learn more from the following resources:
+
+- [@official@Remote state](https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/language/state/remote)
+- [@official@The terraform_remote_state Data Source](https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/language/state/remote-state-data)
+- [@video@Terraform remote state backends explained](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jSoMQCBxp7E)

src/data/roadmaps/terraform/content/rm@uR6Vjm8cek9JRzZV0iTXh.md

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-# rm
+# rm
+
+The terraform state rm command is used to remove resources from the Terraform state without destroying the actual infrastructure. This command is useful when you want to stop managing a resource with Terraform without deleting it, or when you need to move a resource to a different state file. It takes one or more resource addresses as arguments, specifying which resources to remove from state. After removal, Terraform will no longer track or manage these resources, but they will continue to exist in your infrastructure. This command should be used carefully, as it can create discrepancies between your Terraform configuration and the actual state of your infrastructure.
+
+Learn more from the following resources:
+
+- [@official@Terraform rm command](https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/cli/commands/state/rm)
+- [@article@Terraform State Rm: How to Remove a Resource From State File](https://spacelift.io/blog/terraform-state-rm)
+- [@video@How to remove resource from Terraform state file | terraform state rm example](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uK__Ls6an1c)

src/data/roadmaps/terraform/content/sensitive-data@16vLOPP9lTCuBh0q-UVMk.md

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-# Sensitive Data
+# Sensitive Data
+
+Terraform state files often contain sensitive data like passwords, API keys, and other secrets used in resource configurations. This data is stored in plaintext within the state file, posing a security risk if the file is compromised. To mitigate this, Terraform offers several approaches: marking variables as sensitive to prevent them from appearing in logs, using encrypted remote backends for state storage, implementing strict access controls on state files, and utilizing external secret management systems. It's crucial to treat state files as sensitive and secure them accordingly. For highly sensitive environments, some teams opt to store certain secrets outside of Terraform entirely, injecting them at runtime. Regularly auditing state files for sensitive information and implementing proper security measures is essential for maintaining the confidentiality of infrastructure secrets in Terraform deployments.
+
+Learn more from the following resources:
+
+- [@official@Sensitive data in state](https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/language/state/sensitive-data)
+- [@article@Handling Sensitive Values in State](https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/plugin/best-practices/sensitive-state)
+- [@video@Terraform — Protecting Sensitive Data](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yLc1YkB7DFo)

src/data/roadmaps/terraform/content/show@7DZB2VeyuouFXOdFEfeZt.md

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-# show
+# show
+
+The terraform show command displays a human-readable view of the current state or a saved plan file. When used without arguments, it presents the current state of the managed infrastructure, including all resources and their attributes. If given a path to a saved plan file, it shows the changes that would be made by applying that plan. This command is useful for inspecting the current state of your infrastructure, verifying the details of specific resources, or reviewing planned changes before applying them. It provides a comprehensive overview of your Terraform-managed resources, making it valuable for debugging, auditing, and understanding the current state of your infrastructure. The output includes sensitive information if present, so care should be taken when sharing or displaying the results in unsecured environments.
+
+Learn more from the following resources:
+
+- [@official@Terrform show](https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/cli/commands/show)
+- [@official@Terraform state show](https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/cli/commands/state/show)

src/data/roadmaps/terraform/content/splitting-state-files@a0rUMnYluVUGhyhlDK5S8.md

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-# Splitting State Files
+# Splitting State Files
+
+Splitting Terraform state files involves dividing a large state into smaller, more manageable parts. This is typically done using Terraform workspaces or by organizing resources into separate modules with their own state files. The process helps manage complex infrastructures, improves performance, and allows for more granular access control. To split an existing state, you can use `terraform state mv` to move resources between states, or `terraform state rm` followed by `terraform import` in a new configuration. This approach is beneficial for large projects, enabling teams to work on different parts of infrastructure independently. However, it requires careful planning to manage dependencies between split states. Proper state splitting can lead to more efficient workflows, easier troubleshooting, and better alignment with organizational structures in large-scale Terraform deployments.
+
+Learn more from the following resources:
+
+- [@video@Organizing Terraform with multiple states](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5TfgdKXr45I)
+- [@article@How to split state files](https://support.hashicorp.com/hc/en-us/articles/7955227415059-How-to-Split-State-Files)
+- [@article@Introducing terraform-state-split](https://www.shebanglabs.io/moving-terraform-resources-between-different-states/)

src/data/roadmaps/terraform/content/state-force-unlock@Trpi2ZlnXZVYJCibE2bQ8.md

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-# state force-unlock
+# state force-unlock
+
+The `terraform state force-unlock` command in Terraform is used to manually release a stuck state lock. State locking is a mechanism that prevents concurrent operations on the same state, but occasionally a lock may not be properly released due to crashes or network issues. This command allows administrators to forcibly remove the lock, enabling further Terraform operations to proceed. It should be used with extreme caution, as it can lead to state corruption if multiple users are attempting to modify the state simultaneously. Before using force-unlock, it's crucial to ensure that no other Terraform operations are genuinely in progress. This command is typically a last resort for resolving locking issues and should only be employed when certain that the lock is erroneously held and no conflicting operations are ongoing.
+
+Learn more from the following resources:
+
+- [@official@Command: force-unlock](https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/cli/commands/force-unlock)
+- [@article@Terraform force-unlock command](https://spacelift.io/blog/terraform-force-unlock)
+- [@video@Terraform — Force Unlock](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qVs9pLaXSeg)

src/data/roadmaps/terraform/content/state-locking@GseYuG9wT8H9R_enxWzuQ.md

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-# State Locking
+# State Locking
+
+Terraform state locking is a mechanism that prevents concurrent modifications to the same state file, avoiding potential conflicts and data corruption. When enabled, Terraform acquires a lock before performing operations that could modify the state, such as apply or destroy. If the lock is unavailable, Terraform waits or fails, depending on configuration. State locking is automatically supported by many backend types, including S3 with DynamoDB, Azure Blob Storage, and Terraform Cloud. It's crucial for team environments where multiple users or automation processes might attempt simultaneous changes. While essential for data integrity, it's important to implement proper lock management to prevent stuck locks from blocking operations.
+
+Learn more from the following resources:
+
+- [@official@State - Locking](https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/language/state/locking)
+- [@article@State Storage and Locking](https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/language/state/backends)
+- [@video@Terraform - State locking](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QdDCUpggmrw)

src/data/roadmaps/terraform/content/state-pull--push@wSh7bbPswcFAzOicX8VPx.md

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-# state pull / push
+# state pull / push
+
+The `terraform state pull` and `terraform state push` commands are used for managing Terraform state in remote backends. The `pull` command retrieves the current state from the configured backend and outputs it to stdout, allowing for inspection or backup of the remote state. It's useful for debugging or for performing manual state manipulations.
+
+The`push` command does the opposite, uploading a local state file to the configured backend, overwriting the existing remote state. This is typically used to restore a backup or to manually reconcile state discrepancies. Both commands should be used with caution, especially push, as they can potentially overwrite important state information.
+
+Learn more from the following resources:
+
+- [@official@Command - State pull](https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/cli/commands/state/pull)
+- [@official@Command - State push](https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/cli/commands/state/push)
+- [@article@Migrate Workspace State Using Terraform State Push / Pull](https://support.hashicorp.com/hc/en-us/articles/360001151948-Migrate-Workspace-State-Using-Terraform-State-Push-Pull)

src/data/roadmaps/terraform/content/state-replace-provider@Os6AOXp1CVI_Bh3NYnX17.md

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-# state replace-provider
+# state replace-provider
+
+The `terraform state replace-provider` command in Terraform is used to update the provider information in the state file without altering the actual infrastructure. This command is particularly useful when migrating from one provider to another, or when updating to a new major version of a provider that involves a change in the provider's namespace. It allows users to change the provider associated with resources in the state file, effectively telling Terraform to use a different provider for managing these resources in future operations. This command is crucial for maintaining state consistency during provider transitions or upgrades, especially in large-scale infrastructures. While it doesn't modify the actual resources, it updates Terraform's understanding of which provider should be used to manage them, facilitating smooth provider migrations without requiring resource recreation.
+
+Learn more from the following resources:
+
+- [@official@Command - state replace-provider](https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/cli/commands/state/replace-provider)

src/data/roadmaps/terraform/content/state@5xAE-9viD7DP_ugQ6NE_C.md

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-# State
+# State
+
+Terraform state is a crucial concept in Terraform that tracks the current state of your managed infrastructure. It's typically stored in a file named terraform.tfstate, which maps real-world resources to your configuration. This state allows Terraform to determine which changes are necessary to achieve the desired configuration. It contains sensitive information and should be stored securely, often in remote backends like S3 or Terraform Cloud. The state can be manipulated using terraform state commands for tasks like moving resources between states or removing resources from management. Proper state management is essential for collaborative work, ensuring consistency across team members and enabling Terraform to accurately plan and apply changes to your infrastructure.
+
+Learn more from the following resources:
+
+- [@official@State](https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/language/state)
+- [@article@Purpose of Terraform state](https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/language/state/purpose)
+- [@video@Managing Terraform state files](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UDBVCzg2IRo)

src/data/roadmaps/terraform/content/versioning@1T35eNO18qoyXcX7S-Jox.md

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-# Versioning
+# Versioning
+
+Terraform state versioning refers to the practice of maintaining multiple versions of the state file over time. While Terraform itself doesn't provide built-in versioning, it's typically achieved through backend configurations that support versioning, such as Amazon S3 with versioning enabled or Terraform Cloud. This approach allows teams to track changes, rollback to previous states if needed, and maintain an audit trail of infrastructure modifications. Versioning helps in recovering from accidental state corruptions or deletions, and in understanding the evolution of infrastructure over time. It's considered a best practice for production environments, enhancing disaster recovery capabilities and providing insights into infrastructure changes.
+
+Learn more from the following resources:
+
+- [@official@State Versions API](https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/cloud-docs/api-docs/state-versions)