fix: wrong MAN explanation (#3771)

Co-authored-by: haseeb.ansari <haseeb.ansari@qordata.com>
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      src/data/roadmaps/cyber-security/content/102-networking-knowledge/understand-these/100-man.md

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# MAN # MAN
The **man** pages, short for "manual pages," is a reference/documentation system available in Unix-based operating systems. Man pages provide detailed information about various commands, utilities, and configuration files, aimed at helping users understand and properly use these tools and features. A Metropolitan Area Network **(MAN)** is a type of computer network that spans across a metropolitan area or a large geographical area, typically covering a city or a region. It is designed to interconnect various local area networks **(LANs)** and wide area networks **(WANs)** to enable communication and data exchange between different locations within the metropolitan area.
## Man Command ## Examples of MAN
The `man` command is used to access the contents of man pages. To look up the manual page for a particular command or utility, simply type `man` followed by the command or utility you want to learn about. Some examples of Metropolitan Area Networks **(MANs)** include:
Here's an example: 1. **Cable TV Networks:** Many cable TV networks also offer internet services to their subscribers, creating a MAN that covers a specific metropolitan area.
2. **Educational Institutions:** Universities, colleges, and research institutions often have their own MANs to interconnect their campuses and facilities spread across a metropolitan area.
3. **City-Wide Wi-Fi Networks:** Some cities have established their own Wi-Fi networks to provide internet access to residents and businesses, creating a MAN that covers the entire city.
4. **Public Transportation Networks:** Some metropolitan areas have implemented MANs to provide internet connectivity on public transportation networks such as buses and trains.
```bash ## Advantages of MAN
man ls
```
This example will display the man page for the `ls` command, which is used to list the contents of a directory. - **Improved Connectivity:** MANs provide a high-speed and reliable means of communication between different locations within a metropolitan area, facilitating efficient data exchange and collaboration among organizations, businesses, and individuals.
## Man Page Sections - **Cost-Effective:** Compared to establishing multiple separate networks for each location, implementing a MAN can be more cost-effective as it allows for shared infrastructure and resources, reducing overall costs of networking equipment and maintenance.
Man pages are divided into sections, which cover different topics such as general commands, system calls, library functions, device drivers, and more. Each section is numbered, and you may see the same command or utility listed in different sections. - **Scalability:** MANs are highly scalable and can be expanded to accommodate new locations or increased network traffic as the metropolitan area grows, making it a flexible solution for evolving connectivity needs.
The section numbers are as follows: - **Centralized Management:** A MAN allows for centralized management of the network, making it easier to monitor and control network operations, troubleshoot issues, and implement security measures.
- **General commands**: User-level commands and utilities ## Disadvantages of MAN
- **System calls**: Functions provided by the kernel
- **Library functions**: Functions within program libraries
- **Special files**: File-system nodes like device files
- **File formats**: Various file formats and conventions
- **Games and screensavers**
- **Miscellaneous**: Miscellaneous topics
- **System administration commands**: Commands for system administration tasks
To access a specific section of a man page, include the section number before the command name. For example, to access section 4 of the `tty` man page, type: - **Complexity:** MANs can be complex to design, implement, and maintain due to their large scale and geographical spread. They require skilled network administrators and engineers to manage and troubleshoot the network effectively.
```bash - **Cost of Implementation:** Establishing a MAN requires significant upfront investment in networking infrastructure and equipment, which can be a barrier to entry for smaller organizations or municipalities.
man 4 tty
```
## Navigation and Search - **Limited Coverage:** MANs are typically limited to metropolitan areas, and their coverage may not extend to remote or rural areas outside the metropolitan region, which can pose connectivity challenges for organizations located in those areas.
Once you're inside a man page, you can navigate and search using the following key bindings: - **Vulnerability to Single Point of Failure:** Since MANs are centralized networks, they are susceptible to a single point of failure, such as a failure in the main network node, which can disrupt the entire network and impact communication and data exchange among connected locations.
- `Up` and `Down` arrow keys or `j` and `k` to scroll line by line
- `Enter` to scroll one line at a time
- `Space` to scroll one screen/page at a time
- `/` followed by a search query to search within the man page
- `n` to jump to the next instance of the search term
- `N` to jump to the previous instance of the search term
- `q` to quit the man page and return to the command prompt
The man pages are an invaluable resource for understanding how and when to use specific commands and utilities on Unix-based systems. Make it a habit to refer to them whenever you encounter an unfamiliar command or need a reference for using a specific utility.

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