Improved Docker Roadmap. 🌨️ (#7029)
* Introduction. * Namespaces. * Installation & Setup * Data Persistence. * Databases. * Building Container Images. * Container Registries. * Running Containers. * Container Security * Docker CLI. (Goated) * Developer Experience. * Deploying Containers + Extras. * Few Refractors. * Trim Content As Requested. * Undo / Remove Refractors. * Update 100-dockerhub.md * Update 101-dockerhub-alt.md * Update index.md * Apply Requested Changes.pull/7175/head
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# What is Docker? |
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Docker is an open-source platform that automates the deployment, scaling, and management of applications by isolating them into lightweight, portable containers. Containers are standalone executable units that encapsulate all necessary dependencies, libraries, and configuration files required for an application to run consistently across various environments. |
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Visit the following resources to learn more: |
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- [@official@Docker](https://www.docker.com/) |
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- [@official@Docker Docs](https://www.docs.docker.com/) |
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# Docker Engine |
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There is often confusion between "Docker Desktop" and "Docker Engine". Docker Engine refers specifically to a subset of the Docker Desktop components which are free and open source and can be installed only on Linux. |
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There is often confusion between "Docker Desktop" and "Docker Engine". Docker Engine refers specifically to a subset of the Docker Desktop components which are free and open source and can be installed only on Linux. Docker Engine can build container images, run containers from them, and generally do most things that Docker Desktop can, but it is Linux only and doesn't provide all of the developer experience polish that Docker Desktop provides. |
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Docker Engine includes: |
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- Docker Command Line Interface (CLI) |
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- Docker daemon (dockerd), exposing the Docker Application Programming Interface (API) |
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Docker Engine can build container images, run containers from them, and generally do most things that Docker Desktop can, but it is Linux only and doesn't provide all of the developer experience polish that Docker Desktop provides. |
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For more information about docker engine see: |
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- [@article@Docker Engine - Docker Documentation](https://docs.docker.com/engine/) |
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- [@official@Docker Engine - Docker Documentation](https://docs.docker.com/engine/) |
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- [@feed@Explore top posts about Docker](https://app.daily.dev/tags/docker?ref=roadmapsh) |
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# Data Persistence in Docker |
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Docker enables you to run containers that are isolated pieces of code, including applications and their dependencies, separated from the host operating system. Containers are ephemeral by default, which means any data stored in the container will be lost once it is terminated. To overcome this problem and retain data across container lifecycles, Docker provides various data persistence methods. |
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Docker enables you to run containers that are isolated pieces of code, including applications and their dependencies, separated from the host operating system. Containers are ephemeral by default, which means any data stored in the container will be lost once it is terminated. To overcome this problem and retain data across container lifecycle, Docker provides various data persistence methods. |
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Visit the following resources to learn more: |
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- [@official@Data Persistence - Docker Documentation](https://docs.docker.com/get-started/docker-concepts/running-containers/persisting-container-data/) |
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# Using Third Party Images |
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Third-party images are pre-built Docker container images that are available on Docker Hub or other container registries. These images are created and maintained by individuals or organizations and can be used as a starting point for your containerized applications. |
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Third-party images are pre-built Docker container images that are available on [Docker Hub](https://hub.docker.com) or other container registries. These images are created and maintained by individuals or organizations and can be used as a starting point for your containerized applications. |
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## Finding Third-Party Images |
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[Docker Hub](https://hub.docker.com) is the largest and most popular container image registry containing both official and community-maintained images. You can search for images based on the name or the technology you want to use. |
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## Using an Image in Your Dockerfile |
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For example: If you're looking for a `Node.js` image, you can search for "node" on Docker Hub and you'll find the official Node.js image along with many other community-maintained images. |
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## Using an Image in Your Dockerfile |
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To use a third-party image in your Dockerfile, simply set the image name as the base image using the `FROM` directive. Here's an example using the official Node.js image: |
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```dockerfile |
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FROM node:14 |
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FROM node:20 |
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# The rest of your Dockerfile... |
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``` |
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## Be Aware of Security Concerns |
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Keep in mind that third-party images can potentially have security vulnerabilities or misconfigurations. Always verify the source of the image and check its reputation before using it in production. Prefer using official images or well-maintained community images. |
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## Maintaining Your Images |
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Visit the following resources to learn more: |
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When using third-party images, it's essential to keep them updated to incorporate the latest security updates and dependency changes. Regularly check for updates in your base images and rebuild your application containers accordingly. |
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- [@official@Docker Hub Registry](https://hub.docker.com/) |
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# DockerHub Alternatives |
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In this section, we will discuss some popular alternatives to DockerHub. These alternatives provide a different set of features and functionalities that may suit your container registry needs. Knowing these options will enable you to make a more informed decision when selecting a container registry for your Docker images. |
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These alternatives provide a different set of features and functionalities that may suit your container registry needs. |
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### Quay.io |
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## Artifact Registry |
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[Quay.io](https://quay.io/) by Red Hat is a popular alternative to DockerHub that offers both free and paid plans. It provides an advanced security feature called "Container Security Scanning," which checks for vulnerabilities in the images stored in your repository. Quay.io also provides features like automated builds, fine-grained user access control, and Git repository integration. |
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### Artifact Registry |
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[Artifact Registry](https://cloud.google.com/artifact-registry) is a container registry service provided by Google Cloud Platform (GCP). It offers a fully managed, private Docker container registry that integrates with other GCP services like Cloud Build, Cloud Run, and Kubernetes Engine. Artifact Registry provides features like vulnerability scanning, access control, and artifact versioning. |
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Artifact Registry is a container registry service provided by Google Cloud Platform (GCP). It offers a fully managed, private Docker container registry that integrates with other GCP services like Cloud Build, Cloud Run, and Kubernetes Engine. |
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### Amazon Elastic Container Registry (ECR) |
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[Amazon Elastic Container Registry (ECR)](https://aws.amazon.com/ecr/) is a fully-managed Docker container registry by Amazon Web Services (AWS) that simplifies the process of storing, managing, and deploying Docker images. With ECR, you can control access to your images using AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) policies. ECR also integrates with other AWS services, such as Lambda, Amazon ECS, and ECR image scanning. |
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Amazon Elastic Container Registry (ECR) is a fully-managed Docker container registry by Amazon Web Services (AWS) that simplifies the process of storing, managing, and deploying Docker images. |
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### Azure Container Registry (ACR) |
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[Azure Container Registry (ACR)](https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/services/container-registry/) is Microsoft Azure's container registry offering. It provides a wide range of functionalities, including geo-replication for high availability, ACR Tasks for automated image building, container scanning for vulnerabilities, and integration with Azure Pipelines for CI/CD. ACR also offers private network access using Virtual Networks and Firewalls. |
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Azure Container Registry (ACR) is Microsoft Azure's container registry offering. It provides a wide range of functionalities, including geo-replication for high availability. |
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### GitHub Container Registry (GHCR) |
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[GitHub Container Registry (GHCR)](https://docs.github.com/en/packages/guides/about-github-container-registry) is the container registry service provided by GitHub. It enhances the support for Docker in GitHub Packages by providing a more streamlined experience for managing and deploying Docker images. GHCR provides fine-grained access control, seamless integration with GitHub Actions, and support for storing both public and private images. |
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GitHub Container Registry (GHCR) is the container registry service provided by GitHub. It enhances the support for Docker in GitHub Packages by providing a more streamlined experience for managing and deploying Docker images. |
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Visit the following resources to learn more: |
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In conclusion, there are several DockerHub alternatives available, each with different features and capabilities. The choice of a container registry should be based on your requirements, such as security, scalability, cost-efficiency, or integration with other services. By exploring these options, you can find the most suitable container registry for your project. |
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- [@official@DockerHub](https://hub.docker.com/) |
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- [@official@Artifact Registry](https://cloud.google.com/artifact-registry) |
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- [@official@Amazon ECR](https://aws.amazon.com/ecr/) |
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- [@official@Azure Container Registry](https://azure.microsoft.com/en-in/products/container-registry) |
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- [@official@GitHub Container Registry](https://docs.github.com/en/packages/guides/about-github-container-registry) |
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# Container Security |
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Container security is a critical aspect of implementing and managing container technologies like Docker. It encompasses a set of practices, tools, and technologies designed to protect containerized applications and the infrastructure they run on. In this section, we'll discuss some key container security considerations, best practices, and recommendations. |
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- Container security is a critical aspect of implementing and managing container technologies like Docker. It encompasses a set of practices, tools, and technologies designed to protect containerized applications and the infrastructure they run on. |
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## Container Isolation |
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- Isolation is crucial for ensuring the robustness and security of containerized environments. Containers should be isolated from each other and the host system, to prevent unauthorized access and mitigate the potential damage in case an attacker manages to compromise one container. |
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Isolation is crucial for ensuring the robustness and security of containerized environments. Containers should be isolated from each other and the host system, to prevent unauthorized access and mitigate the potential damage in case an attacker manages to compromise one container. |
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- Implementing best practices and specific security patterns during the development, deployment, and operation of containers is essential to maintaining a secure environment. |
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- **Namespaces**: Docker uses namespace technology to provide isolated environments for running containers. Namespaces restrict what a container can see and access in the broader system, including process and network resources. |
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- **Cgroups**: Control groups (`cgroups`) are used to limit the resources consumed by containers, such as CPU, memory, and I/O. Proper use of `cgroups` aids in preventing DoS attacks and resource exhaustion scenarios. |
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- Access controls should be applied to both container management and container data, in order to protect sensitive information and maintain the overall security posture. |
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## Security Patterns and Practices |
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- Containers can be vulnerable to attacks, as their images depend on a variety of packages and libraries. To mitigate these risks, vulnerability management should be included in the container lifecycle. |
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Implementing best practices and specific security patterns during the development, deployment, and operation of containers is essential to maintaining a secure environment. |
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Visit the following resources to learn more: |
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- **Least Privilege**: Containers should be run with the least possible privilege, granting only the minimal permissions required for the application. |
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- **Immutable Infrastructure**: Containers should be treated as immutable units - once built, they should not be altered. Any change should come by deploying a new container from an updated image. |
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- **Version Control**: Images should be version-controlled and stored in a secure container registry. |
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## Secure Access Controls |
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Access controls should be applied to both container management and container data, in order to protect sensitive information and maintain the overall security posture. |
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- **Container Management**: Use Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) to restrict access to container management platforms (e.g., Kubernetes) and ensure that users have only the minimum permissions necessary. |
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- **Container Data**: Encrypt data at rest and in transit, especially when handling sensitive information. |
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## Container Vulnerability Management |
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Containers can be vulnerable to attacks, as their images depend on a variety of packages and libraries. To mitigate these risks, vulnerability management should be included in the container lifecycle. |
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- **Image Scanning**: Use automated scanning tools to identify vulnerabilities in containers and images. These tools should be integrated into the development pipeline to catch potential risks before they reach production. |
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- **Secure Base Images**: Use minimal and secure base images for container creation, reducing the attack surface and potential vulnerabilities. |
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- **Regular Updates**: Keep base images and containers up-to-date with the latest security patches and updates. |
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By understanding and applying these key aspects of container security, you'll be well on your way to ensuring that your containerized applications and infrastructure are protected from potential threats. |
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- [@official@Docker Security](https://docs.docker.com/engine/security/) |
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- [@article@Kubernetes Security Best Practices](https://www.aquasec.com/cloud-native-academy/kubernetes-in-production/kubernetes-security-best-practices-10-steps-to-securing-k8s/) |
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# Nomad: Deploying Containers |
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Nomad is a cluster manager and scheduler that enables you to deploy, manage and scale your containerized applications. It automatically handles node failures, resource allocation, and container orchestration. Nomad supports running Docker containers as well as other container runtimes and non-containerized applications. |
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Nomad is a cluster manager and scheduler that enables you to deploy, manage and scale your containerized applications. It automatically handles node failures, resource allocation, and container orchestration. Nomad supports running Docker containers as well as other container runtime(s) and non-containerized applications. |
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To dive deeper into Nomad, check out the [official documentation](https://www.nomadproject.io/docs). |
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Visit the following resources to learn more: |
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- [@official@Nomad Documentation](https://www.nomadproject.io/docs) |
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# |
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