Improve content in terraform roadmap (#7852)
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# -replace option in apply |
# -replace option in apply |
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The -replace flag in Terraform is used with the apply or plan command to force the replacement of a specific resource by tainting the resources. This flag instructs Terraform to delete and recreate the specified resource instead of updating it in place. It's useful when you need to regenerate a resource completely, such as when certain attributes can't be modified after creation. The flag is typically used when Terraform can't automatically detect that a resource needs replacement, or when you want to force a replacement for testing or troubleshooting purposes. While powerful, this flag should be used cautiously, especially with stateful resources, as it can lead to data loss. It's often employed in scenarios where in-place updates are not sufficient to achieve the desired configuration state of a resource. |
The `-replace` flag in Terraform is used with the apply or plan command to force the replacement of a specific resource by tainting the resources. This flag instructs Terraform to delete and recreate the specified resource instead of updating it in place. It's useful when you need to regenerate a resource completely, such as when certain attributes can't be modified after creation. The flag is typically used when Terraform can't automatically detect that a resource needs replacement, or when you want to force a replacement for testing or troubleshooting purposes. While powerful, this flag should be used cautiously, especially with stateful resources, as it can lead to data loss. It's often employed in scenarios where in-place updates are not sufficient to achieve the desired configuration state of a resource. |
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Learn more from the following resources: |
Learn more from the following resources: |
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- [@article@Forcing Re-creation of Resources](https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/cli/state/taint) |
- [@official@Forcing Re-creation of Resources](https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/cli/state/taint) |
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- [@article@Terraform Taint, Untaint, Replace – How to Use It (Examples)](https://spacelift.io/blog/terraform-taint) |
- [@article@Terraform Taint, Untaint, Replace – How to Use It (Examples)](https://spacelift.io/blog/terraform-taint) |
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- [@video@Terraform Taint Is Bad Actually - Use Replace Instead](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v_T1fuYGjV0) |
- [@video@Terraform Taint Is Bad Actually - Use Replace Instead](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v_T1fuYGjV0) |
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# Environment Variables |
# Environment Variables |
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Environment variables can be used to customize various aspects of Terraform. You can set these variables to change the default behaviour of terraform such as increase verbosity, update log file path, set workspace, etc. Envrionment variables are optional and terraform does not need them by default. |
Environment variables can be used to customize various aspects of Terraform. You can set these variables to change the default behaviour of terraform such as increase verbosity, update log file path, set workspace, etc. Environment variables are optional and terraform does not need them by default. |
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Learn more from the following resources: |
Learn more from the following resources: |
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# Inspect / Modify State |
# Inspect / Modify State |
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Terraform provides tools to inspect and modify state, enabling management of tracked resources without altering the actual infrastructure. These capabilities allow users to view the current state in human-readable format, list all resources in the state, and obtain detailed information on specific resources. For state modification, Terraform offers methods to move resources within the state or to different state files, remove resources from state without deleting the actual resource, and update the state to match real-world infrastructure. These tools are crucial for reconciling discrepancies between Terraform's state and actual infrastructure, and for managing resources across different Terraform configurations or workspaces. However, state modifications should be performed cautiously, as improper changes can lead to inconsistencies between the state and the actual infrastructure. |
Terraform provides tools to inspect and modify state, enabling management of tracked resources without altering the actual infrastructure. These capabilities allow users to view the current state in human-readable format, list all resources in the state, and obtain detailed information on specific resources. For state modification, Terraform offers methods to move resources within the state or to different state files, remove resources from state without deleting the actual resource, and update the state to match real-world infrastructure. These tools are crucial for reconciling discrepancies between Terraform's state and actual infrastructure, and for managing resources across different Terraform configurations or workspaces. However, state modifications should be performed cautiously, as improper changes can lead to inconsistencies between the state and the actual infrastructure. |
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Visit the following resources to learn more: |
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- [@official@Inspecting State](https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/cli/state/inspect) |
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- [@article@How to Manage Terraform State: A Step-by-Step Guide](https://meriemterki.medium.com/how-to-manage-terraform-state-a-step-by-step-guide-b615bd6ee0de) |
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# Installing Terraform |
# Installing Terraform |
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Follow the instructions given in the following URL to install terraform: |
To install Terraform, you need to download the appropriate package for your operating system from the official Terraform website. After downloading, unzip the package and move the executable to a directory included in your system's PATH. This allows you to run Terraform commands from the terminal. For more detailed installation instructions, refer to the links below. |
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- [@article@Installing Terraform](https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/tutorials/aws-get-started/install-cli) |
Visit the following resources to learn more: |
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- [@official@Install Terraform](https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/install) |
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- [@official@Installing Terraform CLI](https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/tutorials/aws-get-started/install-cli) |
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- [@video@Install Terraform on Ubuntu](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LM3RLgNu7tU) |
- [@video@Install Terraform on Ubuntu](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LM3RLgNu7tU) |
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- [@video@Install Terraform on MacOS](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ViMwnReV1A8) |
- [@video@Install Terraform on MacOS](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ViMwnReV1A8) |
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- [@video@Install Terraform on Windows 10/11](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qj4cOSYr7po) |
- [@video@Install Terraform on Windows 10/11](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qj4cOSYr7po) |
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# Introduction |
# Introduction |
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Terraform is a powerful tool designed by HashiCorp that helps you set up, manage, and update infrastructure safely and efficiently across various cloud providers. Think of it as a way to define your cloud resources—like servers, storage, and networks—using a simple code format. This makes it easier to automate, share, and manage your infrastructure, ensuring that everything is consistent and can be quickly reproduced or modified as needed. |
Terraform is a powerful tool designed by HashiCorp that helps you set up, manage, and update infrastructure safely and efficiently across various cloud providers. Think of it as a way to define your cloud resources—like servers, storage, and networks—using a simple code format. This makes it easier to automate, share, and manage your infrastructure, ensuring that everything is consistent and can be quickly reproduced or modified as needed. |
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Visit the following resources to learn more: |
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- [@official@Terraform Website](https://www.terraform.io/) |
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- [@official@Terraform Documentation](https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform) |
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- [@video@Terraform for Beginners](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SLB_c_ayRMo) |
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- [@feed@Explore top posts about Terraform](https://app.daily.dev/tags/terraform?ref=roadmapsh) |
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# Modules |
# Modules |
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Terraform modules are reusable components that encapsulate a set of resources, their configurations, and their interconnections. They allow for organizing Terraform code into logical, self-contained units that can be shared and reused across different projects or within the same project. Modules promote code reusability, maintainability, and consistency in infrastructure deployments. They can accept input variables, produce output values, and be nested within other modules. By using modules, teams can create standardized infrastructure components, enforce best practices, and simplify complex configurations. Modules can be sourced from local directories, version control systems, or public registries like the Terraform Registry. Effective use of modules can significantly reduce code duplication, improve infrastructure management, and enable the creation of scalable, maintainable Terraform configurations. |
Terraform modules are reusable components that encapsulate a set of resources, their configurations, and their interconnections. They allow for organizing Terraform code into logical, self-contained units that can be shared and reused across different projects or within the same project. Modules promote code reusability, maintainability, and consistency in infrastructure deployments. They can accept input variables, produce output values, and be nested within other modules. By using modules, teams can create standardized infrastructure components, enforce best practices, and simplify complex configurations. Modules can be sourced from local directories, version control systems, or public registries like the Terraform Registry. Effective use of modules can significantly reduce code duplication, improve infrastructure management, and enable the creation of scalable, maintainable Terraform configurations. |
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Visit the following resources to learn more: |
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- [@official@Modules Overview - Configuration Language | Terraform](https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/language/modules) |
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- [@official@Terraform Modules](https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/language/modules) |
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- [@official@Modules - Terraform Registry](https://registry.terraform.io/browse/modules) |
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# Provisioners |
# Provisioners |
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Provisioners in Terraform are used to execute scripts or other actions on local or remote machines as part of resource creation or destruction. They allow for configuration management tasks that go beyond Terraform's declarative model. Provisioners can run scripts, upload files, or execute other tools on resources after they're created. Common types include local-exec (runs commands on the machine running Terraform) and remote-exec (runs commands on a remote resource). While powerful, provisioners should be used sparingly as they can make Terraform runs less predictable and idempotent. They're often seen as a last resort when native Terraform resources or provider capabilities are insufficient. Best practices suggest using dedicated configuration management tools like Ansible or Chef instead of heavy reliance on provisioners. When used, provisioners should be designed to be idempotent and handle potential failures gracefully. |
Provisioners in Terraform are used to execute scripts or other actions on local or remote machines as part of resource creation or destruction. They allow for configuration management tasks that go beyond Terraform's declarative model. Provisioners can run scripts, upload files, or execute other tools on resources after they're created. Common types include local-exec (runs commands on the machine running Terraform) and remote-exec (runs commands on a remote resource). While powerful, provisioners should be used sparingly as they can make Terraform runs less predictable and idempotent. They're often seen as a last resort when native Terraform resources or provider capabilities are insufficient. Best practices suggest using dedicated configuration management tools like Ansible or Chef instead of heavy reliance on provisioners. When used, provisioners should be designed to be idempotent and handle potential failures gracefully. |
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Learn more from the following resources: |
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- [@official@Provisioners - Terraform](https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/language/resources/provisioners/syntax) |
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# Security |
# Security |
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Terraform security encompasses practices and tools to ensure the safe and compliant management of infrastructure-as-code. Key aspects include securing Terraform state files, which often contain sensitive information, by using encrypted remote backends. Access control is crucial, implementing least privilege principles for both human users and service accounts. Sensitive data management involves using vault systems or cloud-native secret managers rather than hardcoding credentials. Code review processes should include security checks, and automated scanning tools can be integrated to detect misconfigurations or policy violations. Implementing compliance-as-code with tools like Terraform Sentinel ensures adherence to organizational policies. Version control and proper git hygiene help maintain audit trails. |
Terraform security encompasses practices and tools to ensure the safe and compliant management of infrastructure-as-code. Key aspects include securing Terraform state files, which often contain sensitive information, by using encrypted remote backends. Access control is crucial, implementing least privilege principles for both human users and service accounts. Sensitive data management involves using vault systems or cloud-native secret managers rather than hardcoding credentials. Code review processes should include security checks, and automated scanning tools can be integrated to detect misconfigurations or policy violations. Implementing compliance-as-code with tools like Terraform Sentinel ensures adherence to organizational policies. Version control and proper git hygiene help maintain audit trails. |
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Visit the following resources to learn more: |
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- [@official@Terraform Security](https://www.terraform.io/cloud-docs/architectural-details/security-model) |
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- [@article@12 Terraform Security Best Practices](https://spacelift.io/blog/terraform-security) |
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