Add content to PHP roadmap (#7895)

* Section 1

* Section 2

* Section 3

* Section 4

* Section 5

src/data/roadmaps/php/content/_get@GFYGFVfxkOoPI5mI4zSt1.md

@@ -2,14 +2,14 @@
 
 $_GET is a pre-defined array in PHP, that's used to collect form-data sent through HTTP GET method. It's useful whenever you need to process or interact with data that has been passed in via a URL's query string. For an example if you have a form with a GET method, you can get the values of the form elements through this global $_GET array. Here’s an example: 
 
-```php
+```html
 <form method="get" action="test.php">
   Name: <input type="text" name="fname">
   <input type="submit">
 </form>
 ```
 
-Using $_GET, you can fetch the 'fname' value from the URL:
+Using $_GET in `test.php`, you can fetch the 'fname' value from the URL:
 
 ```php
 echo "Name is: " . $_GET['fname'];
@@ -17,4 +17,4 @@ echo "Name is: " . $_GET['fname'];
 
 Visit the following resources to learn more:
 
-- [@official@PHP Documentation](https://www.php.net/manual/en/reserved.variables.get.php)
+- [@official@$_GET](https://www.php.net/manual/en/reserved.variables.get.php)

src/data/roadmaps/php/content/_post@qNG-a4iIO-puZsMwAMzYC.md

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 `$_POST` is a superglobal variable in PHP that's used to collect form data submitted via HTTP POST method. Your PHP script can access this data through `$_POST`. Let's say you have a simple HTML form on your webpage. When the user submits this form, the entered data can be fetched using `$_POST`. Here's a brief example:
 
-```
+```php
 <?php
 if ($_SERVER["REQUEST_METHOD"] == "POST") {
     $name = $_POST["name"];
@@ -10,8 +10,8 @@ if ($_SERVER["REQUEST_METHOD"] == "POST") {
 ?>
 ```
 
-In this code, $_POST["name"] fetches the value entered in the 'name' field of the form. Always be cautious when using `$_POST` as it may contain user input which is a common source of vulnerabilities. Always validate and sanitize data from `$_POST` before using it.
+In this code, `$_POST["name"]` fetches the value entered in the 'name' field of the form. Always be cautious when using `$_POST` as it may contain user input which is a common source of vulnerabilities. Always validate and sanitize data from `$_POST` before using it.
 
 Visit the following resources to learn more:
 
-- [@official@PHP Documentation](https://www.php.net/manual/en/reserved.variables.post.php)
+- [@official@$_POST](https://www.php.net/manual/en/reserved.variables.post.php)

src/data/roadmaps/php/content/_request@A6rfW4uJhyfAX2b18_EEC.md

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 $_REQUEST is a PHP superglobal variable that contains the contents of both $_GET, $_POST, and $_COOKIE. It is used to collect data sent via both the GET and POST methods, as well as cookies. $_REQUEST is useful if you do not care about the method used to send data, but its usage is generally discouraged as it could lead to security vulnerabilities. Here's a simple example:
 
-```
+```php
 $name = $_REQUEST['name'];
 ```
 
@@ -10,4 +10,4 @@ This statement will store the value of the 'name' field sent through either a GE
 
 Visit the following resources to learn more:
 
-- [@official@PHP Documentation](https://www.php.net/manual/en/reserved.variables.request.php)
+- [@official@$_REQUEST](https://www.php.net/manual/en/reserved.variables.request.php)

src/data/roadmaps/php/content/_server@7Ja2at_N9tRTlvSGahrqn.md

@@ -10,4 +10,4 @@ echo 'Your IP is: ' . $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'];
 
 Visit the following resources to learn more:
 
-- [@official@PHP Documentation](https://www.php.net/reserved.variables.server)
+- [@official@$_SERVER](https://www.php.net/reserved.variables.server)

src/data/roadmaps/php/content/abstract-classes@ub79EkMiOmPBwXLRuYFL8.md

@@ -4,4 +4,4 @@ Abstract classes in PHP are those which cannot be instantiated on their own. The
 
 Visit the following resources to learn more:
 
-- [@official@PHP Documentation](https://www.php.net/manual/en/language.oop5.abstract.php)
+- [@official@Abstract Classes](https://www.php.net/manual/en/language.oop5.abstract.php)

src/data/roadmaps/php/content/access-specifiers@RD2RaBmA2XWkEa13PTCTX.md

@@ -4,4 +4,4 @@ Access specifiers, also known as access modifiers, in PHP are keywords used in t
 
 Visit the following resources to learn more:
 
-- [@official@PHP Documentation](https://www.php.net/manual/en/language.oop5.visibility.php)
+- [@official@Access Specifiers & Visibility](https://www.php.net/manual/en/language.oop5.visibility.php)

src/data/roadmaps/php/content/anonymous-functions@Nr5m6wQLp7VyG3AucrSc8.md

@@ -16,4 +16,4 @@ In this example, we're creating an anonymous function and assigning it to the va
 
 Visit the following resources to learn more:
 
-- [@official@PHP Documentation - Anonymous Functions](https://www.php.net/manual/en/functions.anonymous.php)
+- [@official@Anonymous Functions](https://www.php.net/manual/en/functions.anonymous.php)

src/data/roadmaps/php/content/apache@KMQqePqAjQ-ReDwHqeofx.md

@@ -4,5 +4,5 @@ Apache is a popular web server that can efficiently host PHP applications. Apach
 
 Visit the following resources to learn more:
 
-- [@official@PHP Documentations - Apache](https://www.php.net/manual/en/install.unix.apache2.php)
+- [@official@Apache PHP Documentation](https://www.php.net/manual/en/install.unix.apache2.php)
-- [@official@Apache Website](https://httpd.apache.org/)
+- [@official@Apache](https://httpd.apache.org/)

src/data/roadmaps/php/content/arrays@IhKjvT6CjRz4dsSU7SNQo.md

@@ -4,4 +4,4 @@ Arrays in PHP are fundamental data structures that store multiple elements in a
 
 Visit the following resources to learn more:
 
-- [@official@PHP Documentation - Arrays](https://www.php.net/manual/en/language.types.array.php)
+- [@official@Arrays](https://www.php.net/manual/en/language.types.array.php)

src/data/roadmaps/php/content/arrow-functions@mP1BIkqbWVVTU-zZv1ZL6.md

@@ -4,4 +4,4 @@ Arrow functions provide a more concise syntax to create anonymous functions. The
 
 Visit the following resources to learn more:
 
-- [@official@PHP Documentation - Arrow Functions](https://www.php.net/manual/en/functions.arrow.php)
+- [@official@Arrow Functions](https://www.php.net/manual/en/functions.arrow.php)

src/data/roadmaps/php/content/auth-mechanisms@HJJzKYXdK4BWITLP4APLZ.md

@@ -4,4 +4,4 @@ When you are developing PHP application, security should always be a top priorit
 
 Visit the following resources to learn more:
 
-- [@official@PHP Documentation - Auth Mechanisms](https://www.php.net/manual/en/features.http-auth.php)
+- [@official@Auth Mechanisms](https://www.php.net/manual/en/features.http-auth.php)

src/data/roadmaps/php/content/autoloading@qFiTsf6Es-gwqe6J6bdL1.md

@@ -14,4 +14,4 @@ In this example, PHP will automatically load the MyClass.php file when the MyCla
 
 Visit the following resources to learn more:
 
-- [@official@PHP Documentation - Autloading](https://www.php.net/manual/en/language.oop5.autoload.php)
+- [@official@Autoloading](https://www.php.net/manual/en/language.oop5.autoload.php)

src/data/roadmaps/php/content/basic-php-syntax@hzBUHSuFwLYNooF_vEmrs.md

@@ -4,4 +4,4 @@ PHP syntax is generally considered similar to C-style syntax, where code blocks
 
 Visit the following resources to learn more:
 
-- [@official@PHP Documentation - Basic Syntax](https://www.php.net/manual/en/langref.php)
+- [@official@Basic Syntax](https://www.php.net/manual/en/langref.php)

src/data/roadmaps/php/content/caching-strategies@Av-BMa57RvrLlAXLffOH0.md

@@ -4,4 +4,4 @@ Caching Strategies are integral to Performance Optimization in PHP. Caching mini
 
 Visit the following resources to learn more:
 
-- [@official@Official Documentation - Opcache](https://www.php.net/manual/en/book.opcache.php)
+- [@official@Opcache](https://www.php.net/manual/en/book.opcache.php)

src/data/roadmaps/php/content/callback-functions@x7hA2KAzJIjc-prgCEw6V.md

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 # Callback Functions
 
-A callback function will use that function on whatever data is returned by a particular method.
+A callback function in PHP is a function that is passed as an argument to another function. The receiving function can then invoke this function as needed. Callback functions are often used to define flexible or reusable code because they allow you to customize the behavior of a function without changing its structure.
 
 Visit the following resources to learn more:
 
-- [@official@Official Documentation - Callback functions](https://www.php.net/manual/en/language.types.callable.php)
+- [@official@Callback Functions](https://www.php.net/manual/en/language.types.callable.php)

src/data/roadmaps/php/content/casting-data-types@pzReF4C0mcCWAnpfIJbwl.md

@@ -2,6 +2,15 @@
 
 PHP, as a loose typing language, allows us to change the type of a variable or to transform an instance of one data type into another. This operation is known as Casting. When to use casting, however, depends on the situation - it is recommendable when you want explicit control over the data type for an operation. The syntax involves putting the intended type in parentheses before the variable. For example, if you wanted to convert a string to an integer, you'd use: `$myVar = "123"; $intVar = (int) $myVar;`. Here, `$intVar` would be an integer representation of `$myVar`. Remember, the original variable type remains unchanged. 
 
+Here's an example of type casting in PHP:
+
+```php
+<?php
+$foo = 10;   // $foo is an integer
+$bar = (bool) $foo;   // $bar is a boolean
+?>
+```
+
 Visit the following resources to learn more:
 
-- [@official@Official Documentation - Type Casting](https://www.php.net/manual/en/language.types.type-juggling.php)
+- [@official@Type Casting](https://www.php.net/manual/en/language.types.type-juggling.php)

src/data/roadmaps/php/content/classes-and-objects@PIuplWreo7PFG3Mdn2t6W.md

@@ -4,4 +4,4 @@ PHP supports object-oriented programming, offering a multi-paradigm way of codin
 
 Visit the following resources to learn more:
 
-- [@official@PHP Documentation - Classes](https://www.php.net/manual/en/language.oop5.php)
+- [@official@Classes](https://www.php.net/manual/en/language.oop5.php)

src/data/roadmaps/php/content/composer@yVFDu2aTiEZ4PWMdKdW2P.md

@@ -10,4 +10,5 @@ This command adds the `vendor/package` dependency to your project. The same goes
 
 Visit the following resources to learn more:
 
-- [@official@Composer Official Website](https://getcomposer.org/doc/)
+- [@official@Composer](https://getcomposer.org/)
+- [@official@Composer Documentation](https://getcomposer.org/doc/)

src/data/roadmaps/php/content/conditionals@38YksjvhXCbgnHqkl57Cz.md

@@ -4,4 +4,4 @@ Conditionals in PHP, much like in other programming languages, allow for branchi
 
 Visit the following resources to learn more:
 
-- [@official@Official Documentation - Control Structures](https://www.php.net/manual/en/language.control-structures.php)
+- [@official@Control Structures](https://www.php.net/manual/en/language.control-structures.php)

src/data/roadmaps/php/content/configuration-files@DTaAZaU1CwzW7esoDhj85.md

@@ -4,4 +4,4 @@ Configuration files are critical for PHP applications because they help manage d
 
 Visit the following resources to learn more:
 
-- [@official@Official Documentation - PHP Config](https://www.php.net/manual/en/ini.list.php)
+- [@official@PHP Config](https://www.php.net/manual/en/ini.list.php)

src/data/roadmaps/php/content/configuration-tuning@VpwwF8j5ZtXVSbzNfE7Sx.md

@@ -12,4 +12,4 @@ ini_set('max_execution_time', '300');
 
 Visit the following resources to learn more:
 
-- [@official@Official Documentation - PHP.ini](https://www.php.net/manual/en/ini.core.php)
+- [@official@Configuration Tuning](https://www.php.net/manual/en/ini.core.php)

src/data/roadmaps/php/content/connection-pooling@txUyPR_tdC8iTJV3RtvBz.md

@@ -2,4 +2,7 @@
 
 Connection pooling is a technique used in PHP to manage and maintain multiple open connections with a database. It reduces the time overhead of constantly opening and closing connections, and ensures efficient utilisation of resources. Connection pooling limits the number of connections opened with the database and instead reuses a pool of existing active connections, thereby significantly enhancing the performance of PHP applications. When a PHP script needs to communicate with the database, it borrows a connection from this pool, performs the operations, and then returns it back to the pool. Although PHP doesn't have native support for connection pooling, it can be achieved through third-party tools like 'pgBouncer' when using PostgreSQL or 'mysqlnd_ms' plugin with MySQL. Note, it's recommended to use connection pooling when you've a high-traffic PHP application. 
 
-For more information, visit PHP Database Extensions [here](https://www.php.net/manual/en/refs.database.php).
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@Connection Pooling](https://www.php.net/manual/en/oci8.connection.php)
+- [@official@Database Extensions](https://www.php.net/manual/en/refs.database.php)

src/data/roadmaps/php/content/constants@VLRLymQmLfscrBfzXKvHi.md

@@ -7,4 +7,6 @@ define("PI", 3.14);
 echo PI; // Outputs: 3.14
 ```
 
-For more information, visit the PHP documentation on constants [here](https://www.php.net/manual/en/language.constants.php).
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@Constants](https://www.php.net/manual/en/language.constants.php)

src/data/roadmaps/php/content/constructor--destructor@oNUt1oT8pYBVvH0S2P6cb.md

@@ -23,4 +23,6 @@ echo $obj->value;
 // And when the script ends, "Object is being destroyed."
 ```
 
-Visit [PHP Constructors and Destructors](https://www.php.net/manual/en/language.oop5.decon.php) for a more detailed look at these vital concepts.
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@PHP Constructors and Destructors](https://www.php.net/manual/en/language.oop5.decon.php)

src/data/roadmaps/php/content/cookies@so03-fK7E2WvTm6XsPq4i.md

@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
 # Cookies
 
-Cookies are a crucial part of state management in PHP. They enable storage of data on the user's browser, which can then be sent back to the server with each subsequent request. This permits persistent data between different pages or visits. To set a cookie in PHP, you can use the `setcookie()` function. For example, `setcookie("user", "John Doe", time() + (86400 * 30), "/");` will set a cookie named "user" with the value "John Doe", that will expire after 30 days. The cookie will be available across the entire website due to the path parameter set as `/`. To retrieve the value of the cookie, you can use the global `$_COOKIE` array: `echo $_COOKIE["user"];`. For more detailed information, you can visit [PHP's official documentation on cookies](https://www.php.net/manual/en/features.cookies.php).
+Cookies are a crucial part of state management in PHP. They enable storage of data on the user's browser, which can then be sent back to the server with each subsequent request. This permits persistent data between different pages or visits. To set a cookie in PHP, you can use the `setcookie()` function. For example, `setcookie("user", "John Doe", time() + (86400 * 30), "/");` will set a cookie named "user" with the value "John Doe", that will expire after 30 days. The cookie will be available across the entire website due to the path parameter set as `/`. To retrieve the value of the cookie, you can use the global `$_COOKIE` array: `echo $_COOKIE["user"];`.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@Cookies](https://www.php.net/manual/en/features.cookies.php)

src/data/roadmaps/php/content/csrf-protection@J9yIXZTtwbFzH2u4dI1ep.md

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) Protection in PHP is a method where a website can defend itself against unwanted actions performed on behalf of the users without their consent. It's a critical aspect of security as it safeguards users against potential harmful activities. Here's an example: if users are logged into a website and get tricked into clicking a deceitful link, CSRF attacks could be triggered. To protect your PHP applications from such attacks, you can generate a unique token for every session and include it as a hidden field for all form submissions. Afterwards, you need to verify this token on the server side before performing any action.
 
-```
+```php
 <?php
 // Generate CSRF token
 if(empty($_SESSION['csrf'])) {
@@ -16,4 +16,6 @@ if(isset($_POST['csrf']) && $_POST['csrf'] === $_SESSION['csrf']) {
 ?>
 ```
 
-Edge cases like AJAX requests and applications running across multiple domains require extra considerations. More about CSRF can be found in the [PHP Security Guide](https://php.net/manual/en/security.csrf.php).
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@Security Guide](https://php.net/manual/en/security.csrf.php)

src/data/roadmaps/php/content/csv-processing@MRDjEjbkMpk7shcWAoPOF.md

@@ -11,4 +11,8 @@ if (($handle = fopen("sample.csv", "r")) !== FALSE) {
 }
 ```
 
-In this snippet, PHP reads through each line of the `sample.csv` file, converting each into an array with `fgetcsv()`. You can study more about CSV processing in PHP via the official [PHP documentation](https://php.net/manual/en/ref.fileinfo.php).
+In this snippet, PHP reads through each line of the `sample.csv` file, converting each into an array with `fgetcsv()`.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@CSV Processing](https://php.net/manual/en/ref.fileinfo.php)

src/data/roadmaps/php/content/curl@KC6D81-T-FwQc7Osw1rlY.md

@@ -16,4 +16,9 @@ if(curl_errno($ch)){
 
 curl_close($ch);
 ```
-In this code, we initialize a cURL session, set its options, execute it, then close the session. We also included error handling. PHP's cURL functions are documented in detail at [PHP.net](https://www.php.net/manual/en/book.curl.php).
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@cURL](https://curl.se/)
+- [@opensource@curl/curl](https://github.com/curl/curl)
+- [@official@cURL in PHP](https://www.php.net/manual/en/book.curl.php)

src/data/roadmaps/php/content/data-types@srIHPZabaCGdB5VvUXaMa.md

@@ -9,4 +9,6 @@ $decimalNumber = 12.34;  // Floating-point number
 $boolean = true; // Boolean
 ```
 
-For a deeper dive into PHP's data types, you can check out the official [PHP documentation](https://www.php.net/manual/en/language.types.php).
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@Data Types](https://www.php.net/manual/en/language.types.php)

src/data/roadmaps/php/content/database-migrations@meplwvmHMtI3Sb_fyodzZ.md

@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
 # Database Migrations
 
-Database migrations help keep track of changes in your database schema, making it easier to move from one version of a database to another. Migrations allow us to evolve our database design iteratively and apply these updates across our development, staging, and production servers. This can save a lot of manual work. But more than that, migrations maintain consistency across all the environments, reducing the chances of unexpected behavior. There's no standard built-in migrations mechanism in PHP, but powerful and popular PHP frameworks like Laravel have robust solutions for migrations. Check out the [Laravel's migrations documentation](https://laravel.com/docs/migrations).
+Database migrations help keep track of changes in your database schema, making it easier to move from one version of a database to another. Migrations allow us to evolve our database design iteratively and apply these updates across our development, staging, and production servers. This can save a lot of manual work. But more than that, migrations maintain consistency across all the environments, reducing the chances of unexpected behavior. There's no standard built-in migrations mechanism in PHP, but powerful and popular PHP frameworks like Laravel have robust solutions for migrations.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@article@Laravel Migrations](https://laravel.com/docs/migrations).

src/data/roadmaps/php/content/database-transactions@FY-F6n9j29hQrnFry3VGb.md

@@ -4,4 +4,4 @@ Database transactions in PHP refer to a unit of work performed within a database
 
 Visit the following resources to learn more:
 
-- [@official@PHP Documentation - PDO Transactions](https://www.php.net/manual/en/pdo.transactions.php)
+- [@official@PDO Transactions](https://www.php.net/manual/en/pdo.transactions.php)

src/data/roadmaps/php/content/default--optional-params@RgVP99rJJ8FVecIA45w20.md

@@ -11,4 +11,6 @@ greet(); // Outputs: Hello, guest!
 greet("John"); // Outputs: Hello, John!
 ```
 
-In this example, the `greet` function has a default value of "guest" for the `$name` parameter. So, if no argument is given while calling `greet`, it defaults to greet a "guest". If an argument is provided, like `John`, it overrides the default value. Follow this [link](https://www.php.net/manual/en/functions.arguments.php#functions.arguments.default) for the PHP documentation on function arguments.
+In this example, the `greet` function has a default value of "guest" for the `$name` parameter. So, if no argument is given while calling `greet`, it defaults to greet a "guest". If an argument is provided, like `John`, it overrides the default value.
+
+- [@official@Default Parameters](https://www.php.net/manual/en/functions.arguments.php#functions.arguments.default)

src/data/roadmaps/php/content/dependency-injection@KEE50C6lOS4eX8sAbfhYe.md

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# Dependency injection
+# Dependency Injection
 
 Dependency injection is a design pattern used mainly for managing class dependencies. Here, instead of a class being responsible for creating its dependencies on its own, an injector (the "client") passes the requirements to the class (the "service"), centralizing control and encouraging code to follow the single responsibility principle. As a simple example, consider a situation where class B needs to utilize class A's methods. Instead of creating an object of class A within B, with dependency injection, we pass an instance of class A to B.
 
@@ -26,4 +26,6 @@ $instanceB = new B($instanceA);
 $instanceB->callDisplayOwn();  // Outputs: "Hello, PHP dependency injection!"
 ```
 
-More details can be found on [PHP Documentation](https://www.php.net/manual/en/language.oop5.php).
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@article@Understand Dependency Injection in PHP](https://php-di.org/doc/understanding-di.html)

src/data/roadmaps/php/content/echo@2ykzBBdYhWuM-neGf0AWP.md

@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 # echo
 
-'echo' is a language construct in PHP, and it is commonly used to output one or more strings to the browser. This command doesn't behave like a function, hence it doesn't require parentheses unless it's necessary to avoid confusion. Check out a simple example below where we are using echo to output a simple string:
+'echo' is a language construct in PHP, and it is commonly used to output one or more strings to the browser. This command doesn't behave like a function, hence it doesn't require parentheses unless it's necessary to avoid confusion. It's also worth mentioning that 'echo' also supports multiple parameters. Check out a simple example below where we are using echo to output a simple string:
 
 ```php
 echo "Hello, world!";
 ```
 
-This will indeed output: Hello, world!
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
 
-It's also worth mentioning that 'echo' also supports multiple parameters. The PHP official documentation provides more detailed information: [PHP: echo](https://www.php.net/manual/en/function.echo.php).
+- [@official@echo](https://www.php.net/manual/en/function.echo.php).

src/data/roadmaps/php/content/environment-variables@fitjnLYKLHJ2P5G7JAvzm.md

@@ -12,4 +12,8 @@ And then you can retrieve the value with `getenv()` like:
 echo getenv("FOO"); // returns "bar"
 ```
 
-Keep in mind that environment variables set using `putenv()` are only available for the duration of the current request. If you want them to persist for future requests, you'll need to set them using your system's method for setting environment variables. More on this at the [official PHP documentation](https://www.php.net/manual/en/function.putenv.php).
+Keep in mind that environment variables set using `putenv()` are only available for the duration of the current request. If you want them to persist for future requests, you'll need to set them using your system's method for setting environment variables. 
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@Environment Variables](https://www.php.net/manual/en/function.putenv.php)

src/data/roadmaps/php/content/evolution-and-history@b2CuLrhsUNnb4OxI6RRAS.md

@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
 # Evolution and History
 
-PHP, originally standing for Personal Home Page, is a popular scripting language used commonly for web development. Rasmus Lerdorf created it in 1994, and since then, it has evolved significantly from a simple set of CGI binaries written in C, to a full-featured language. PHP's journey includes several versions, with PHP 3 introducing a re-written parser and a better approach to object-oriented programming. PHP 8.0, introduced several optimizations, JIT compilation, and union types, among other improvements. For more details on PHP's history, check out the official PHP documentation [here](https://www.php.net/history).
+PHP, originally standing for Personal Home Page, is a popular scripting language used commonly for web development. Rasmus Lerdorf created it in 1994, and since then, it has evolved significantly from a simple set of CGI binaries written in C, to a full-featured language. PHP's journey includes several versions, with PHP 3 introducing a re-written parser and a better approach to object-oriented programming. PHP 8.0, introduced several optimizations, JIT compilation, and union types, among other improvements.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@History of PHP](https://www.php.net/history)

src/data/roadmaps/php/content/executing-system-commands@VhyYNGhOdKKrz_-uTkrjD.md

@@ -12,4 +12,6 @@ foreach($output as $out){
 ?>
 ```
 
-The above script runs the 'ls' command that lists all files and directories in the current folder. For more details, check out the official PHP documentation [here](https://www.php.net/manual/en/ref.exec.php).
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@Exec Function](https://www.php.net/manual/en/ref.exec.php)

src/data/roadmaps/php/content/file-permissions@tgIyG6vHWpe9sz6lHmj5a.md

@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
 # File Permissions
 
-File permissions in PHP control who can read, write, and execute a file. They're crucial for the security and proper functioning of your PHP applications. When working with files, you can use functions like `chmod()`, `is_readable()`, and `is_writable()` to manage permissions. Typically, you would use `chmod()` to change the permissions of a file. The first parameter is the name of the file and the second parameter is the mode. For instance, `chmod($file, 0755)` would assign owner permissions to read, write, and execute, while everyone else would only have read and execute permissions. To know if a file is readable or writable, use `is_readable()` or `is_writable()` respectively. Each returns a Boolean value. To learn more, check out PHP's official [documentation on filesystem functions.](https://www.php.net/manual/en/ref.filesystem.php)
+File permissions in PHP control who can read, write, and execute a file. They're crucial for the security and proper functioning of your PHP applications. When working with files, you can use functions like `chmod()`, `is_readable()`, and `is_writable()` to manage permissions. Typically, you would use `chmod()` to change the permissions of a file. The first parameter is the name of the file and the second parameter is the mode. For instance, `chmod($file, 0755)` would assign owner permissions to read, write, and execute, while everyone else would only have read and execute permissions. To know if a file is readable or writable, use `is_readable()` or `is_writable()` respectively.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@Filesystem Functions](https://www.php.net/manual/en/ref.filesystem.php)

src/data/roadmaps/php/content/file-uploads@HNo8QO4aPbvgePiA4l6tq.md

@@ -2,4 +2,8 @@
 
 Uploading files in PHP is a commonly used functionality for many applications. This is typically done using the `$_FILES` superglobal array that allows you to manage uploaded files in your PHP script. It contains details like `name`, `type`, `size` etc of the file. An index is also present for each file in the case of multiple uploads. The `move_uploaded_file()` function is then used to move the uploaded file to the desired directory.
 
-Don't forget to pay attention to security considerations when accepting file uploads. For comprehensive details, you can refer to the PHP documentation [here](https://www.php.net/manual/en/features.file-upload.php).
+Don't forget to pay attention to security considerations when accepting file uploads.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@File Uploads](https://www.php.net/manual/en/features.file-upload.php)

src/data/roadmaps/php/content/form-processing@sYI7f1PYP7G30_Uj2mZRv.md

@@ -2,4 +2,8 @@
 
 Form processing is a common web function and in PHP, it's pretty straightforward. It typically involves accepting data from a user through a web form and then using PHP to handle, process and possibly store that data. PHP provides superglobal arrays (`$_GET`, `$_POST`, and `$_REQUEST`) which help to collect form data. Let's talk about a simple example of a form that accepts a name from a user and then displays it.
 
-Make sure to handle form data securely, for instance by using the `htmlspecialchars()` function to neutralize any harmful characters. More information about form processing in PHP can be found in the PHP [documentation](https://www.php.net/manual/en/tutorial.forms.php).
+Make sure to handle form data securely, for instance by using the `htmlspecialchars()` function to neutralize any harmful characters.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@HTML Form Processing](https://www.php.net/manual/en/tutorial.forms.php)

src/data/roadmaps/php/content/function-declaration@1nODJchgSuWbcvSlxnWeE.md

@@ -8,4 +8,8 @@ function greeting($name) {
 }
 ```
 
-In this case, 'greeting' is the function name, '$name' is the parameter, and 'echo "Hello, " . $name;' is the operation. To learn more, you can refer to the [PHP Documentation](https://www.php.net/manual/en/functions.user-defined.php).
+In this case, 'greeting' is the function name, '$name' is the parameter, and 'echo "Hello, " . $name;' is the operation.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@User Defined Functions](https://www.php.net/manual/en/functions.user-defined.php)

src/data/roadmaps/php/content/functions@WiGv7vi7Mtw-YqPMcnnyw.md

@@ -10,4 +10,8 @@ function greet($name) {
 echo greet("John"); // Outputs: Hello, John
 ```
 
-In the code above, "greet" is a function that takes one parameter "name". It concatenates "Hello, " with the name and returns the result. For more on PHP functions, visit the PHP documentation at [php.net](https://www.php.net/manual/en/language.functions.php).
+In the code above, "greet" is a function that takes one parameter "name". It concatenates "Hello, " with the name and returns the result.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@Functions](https://www.php.net/manual/en/language.functions.php)

src/data/roadmaps/php/content/guzzle@_Al4NXKVQAnk8OikwvXCL.md

@@ -2,4 +2,6 @@
 
 Guzzle is a PHP HTTP client that simplifies making HTTP requests in PHP. It provides a straightforward and powerful way to send HTTP requests. Guzzle can simplify your life if you often handle APIs or other HTTP requests. It's great for everything from sending simple GET requests, to uploading files with POST requests, or even handling Errors using exception handling.
 
-For in-depth usage and more examples, you should check out the [official Guzzle documentation](http://docs.guzzlephp.org/en/stable/).
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@Guzzle Documentation](https://docs.guzzlephp.org/en/stable/)

src/data/roadmaps/php/content/http-methods@tn_iIfaJZVtPK6vFds7FH.md

@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
 # HTTP Methods
 
-PHP allows for handling HTTP methods, which are a way of defining the action to be performed on the resource identified by a given URL. In PHP, the $_SERVER superglobal array can be used to identify the HTTP method of a specific request, typically a GET, POST, PUT, DELETE or HEAD. For example, to identify if a request is a POST request, you can use `if ($_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD'] == 'POST') { // your code here }`. More advanced handling can be done by utilizing built-in PHP libraries or third-party packages. You may read more about it on the PHP documentation [here](https://www.php.net/manual/en/reserved.variables.server.php).
+PHP allows for handling HTTP methods, which are a way of defining the action to be performed on the resource identified by a given URL. In PHP, the $_SERVER superglobal array can be used to identify the HTTP method of a specific request, typically a GET, POST, PUT, DELETE or HEAD. For example, to identify if a request is a POST request, you can use `if ($_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD'] == 'POST') { // your code here }`. More advanced handling can be done by utilizing built-in PHP libraries or third-party packages.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@HTTP Methods](https://www.php.net/manual/en/reserved.variables.server.php)

src/data/roadmaps/php/content/ifelse@-McOv-ZPTGayX7Mx2Thw1.md

@@ -11,4 +11,8 @@ if ($number > 5) {
 }
 ```
 
-In this example, the output will be "The number is greater than 5" because the condition evaluated to true. You can find more information on the if/else conditional statements in the [PHP documentation](https://www.php.net/manual/en/control-structures.elseif.php).
+In this example, the output will be "The number is greater than 5" because the condition evaluated to true.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@if-else](https://www.php.net/manual/en/control-structures.elseif.php)

src/data/roadmaps/php/content/include@hKfv7V6bl2LXssq9Ffi7C.md

@@ -8,4 +8,8 @@ The 'include' statement in PHP is a useful method for inserting code written in
 ?>
 ```
 
-In this code snippet, 'filename.php' is the file containing the code that you want to insert. Just replace 'filename.php' with the actual file path you want to include. For the full details, check out the PHP documentation for 'include' [here](https://www.php.net/manual/en/function.include.php).
+In this code snippet, 'filename.php' is the file containing the code that you want to insert. Just replace 'filename.php' with the actual file path you want to include.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@include](https://www.php.net/manual/en/function.include.php)

src/data/roadmaps/php/content/include_once@SwtLDgyPmDry20qS4FBfH.md

@@ -8,4 +8,8 @@ include_once 'database.php';
 $db = new Database();
 ```
 
-In this simple code snippet, we include the `database.php` file once, giving us access to the `Database` class. You can find reference in the PHP Documentation [here](https://www.php.net/manual/en/function.include-once.php).
+In this simple code snippet, we include the `database.php` file once, giving us access to the `Database` class.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@include_once](https://www.php.net/manual/en/function.include-once.php)

src/data/roadmaps/php/content/indexed-arrays@j2S8dP3HlAOOoZdpj-7Dx.md

@@ -2,9 +2,13 @@
 
 Indexed arrays in PHP store values that are accessed through numerical indexes, which start at 0 by default. This might be particularly useful when you have a list of items in a specific order. For example, you might use an indexed array to represent a list of your favorite books, where each book is numbered starting from 0. Each individual item in the array, book in this case, can be accessed by their specific index. You can use the array() function or the short array syntax [] to declare an indexed array.
 
-Example:
+Here's an Example:
+
 ```php
 $books = array("The Great Gatsby", "Moby Dick", "To Kill a Mockingbird");
 echo $books[0]; //Outputs "The Great Gatsby"
 ```
-You can find more on this in PHP's official documentation [here](https://www.php.net/manual/en/language.types.array.php).
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@Indexed Arrays](https://www.php.net/manual/en/language.types.array.php)

src/data/roadmaps/php/content/inheritance@c5q2e_jyMt8Pir5Od3lRi.md

@@ -20,4 +20,9 @@ $myCar = new Car();
 $myCar->drive(); // Inherits drive method from Vehicle
 $myCar->horn(); // Unique to Car
 ```
-In the above example, the 'Car' class inherits the drive method from the 'Vehicle' class but also has an additional method, horn. This is an illustration of how inheritance in PHP can help to organize your code efficiently and intuitively. Visit PHP's official documentation (https://www.php.net/manual/en/keyword.extends.php) for more details on inheritance.
+
+In the above example, the 'Car' class inherits the drive method from the 'Vehicle' class but also has an additional method, horn. This is an illustration of how inheritance in PHP can help to organize your code efficiently and intuitively.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@Inheritance](https://www.php.net/manual/en/keyword.extends.php)

src/data/roadmaps/php/content/input-validation@93oEIZttb85S23C1fLraP.md

@@ -9,4 +9,8 @@ if (filter_var($email, FILTER_VALIDATE_EMAIL)) {
   echo("Email is not valid");
 }
 ```
-This code uses PHP's built-in `filter_var()` function to ensure the data is a valid email address. If not, the form will not be submitted until valid data is entered. For more on PHP's built-in filters, visit [PHP Input Validation Documentation](https://www.php.net/manual/en/book.filter.php).
+This code uses PHP's built-in `filter_var()` function to ensure the data is a valid email address. If not, the form will not be submitted until valid data is entered.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@Input Validation](https://www.php.net/manual/en/book.filter.php)

src/data/roadmaps/php/content/installing-php@3_TuxOSzBuktBlBF05r_z.md

@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
 # Installing PHP
 
-Installing PHP is an essential process to start developing PHP applications. PHP can be installed on Windows, macOS, and various distributions of Linux. Places to get PHP include the official PHP website, package managers like APT for Linux and Homebrew for macOS, or bundled solutions like XAMPP or WAMP that provide PHP along with a web server and database. After successful installation, you can run a simple PHP script to verify the installation. Here's an example, `<?php echo 'Hello, World!'; ?>`,  which should display "Hello, World!" when accessed in a web browser. For detailed instructions, visit the official PHP installation guide at: https://www.php.net/manual/en/install.php.
+Installing PHP is an essential process to start developing PHP applications. PHP can be installed on Windows, macOS, and various distributions of Linux. Places to get PHP include the official PHP website, package managers like APT for Linux and Homebrew for macOS, or bundled solutions like XAMPP or WAMP that provide PHP along with a web server and database. After successful installation, you can run a simple PHP script to verify the installation. Here's an example, `<?php echo 'Hello, World!'; ?>`,  which should display "Hello, World!" when accessed in a web browser.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@Installation Guide](https://www.php.net/manual/en/install.php)

src/data/roadmaps/php/content/interfaces@vu0H-TsD7hkJgOQbSRj92.md

@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 # Interfaces
 
-Interfaces in PHP serve as a blueprint for designing classes. They ensure that a class adheres to a certain contract, all without defining how those methods should function. As PHP is not a strictly typed language, interfaces can be particularly useful in large codebases to maintain continuity and predictability. For example, in PHP, an interface 'iTemplate' could be defined with methods 'setVariable' and 'getHtml'. Any class that implements this interface must define these methods. Here is a snippet:
+Interfaces in PHP serve as a blueprint for designing classes. They ensure that a class adheres to a certain contract, all without defining how those methods should function. As PHP is not a strictly typed language, interfaces can be particularly useful in large codebases to maintain continuity and predictability. For example, in PHP, an interface 'iTemplate' could be defined with methods 'setVariable' and 'getHtml'. Any class that implements this interface must define these methods. 
+
+Here is a snippet:
 
 ```php
 interface iTemplate {
@@ -24,4 +26,6 @@ class Template implements iTemplate {
 }
 ```
 
-To learn more about interfaces in PHP, please refer to the official [PHP Documentation](https://www.php.net/manual/en/language.oop5.interfaces.php).
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@Interfaces](https://www.php.net/manual/en/language.oop5.interfaces.php)

src/data/roadmaps/php/content/introduction-to-php@_hYN0gEi9BL24nptEtXWU.md

@@ -1,9 +1,22 @@
 # Introduction to PHP
 
-PHP, also known as Hypertext Preprocessor, is a powerful scripting language used predominantly for creating dynamic web pages and applications. It provides seamless interaction with databases, easier control of content, session tracking, and cookies. Being an open-source language, it's favored by developers for its flexibility, speed, and security. A simple PHP code to print text would be 
+PHP, also known as Hypertext Preprocessor, is a powerful scripting language used predominantly for creating dynamic web pages and applications. It provides seamless interaction with databases, easier control of content, session tracking, and cookies. Being an open-source language, it's favored by developers for its flexibility, speed, and security. 
+
+Here's a simple PHP code to print a text: 
+
 ```php   
   <?php
    echo "Hello, World!";
   ?>
 ```
-Here the "echo" command in PHP helps to output one or more strings. You can find more about PHP in the [official PHP documentation](https://www.php.net/docs.php).
+
+Here the "echo" command in PHP helps to output one or more strings.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@PHP](https://www.php.net/)
+- [@official@PHP Documentation](https://www.php.net/docs.php)
+- [@article@PHP Tutorial](https://www.phptutorial.net/)
+- [@article@Learn PHP Interactively](https://www.learn-php.org/about)
+- [@video@Introduction to PHP](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KBT2gmAfav4)
+- [@video@PHP Tutorial - Full Course](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OK_JCtrrv-c)

src/data/roadmaps/php/content/json-processing@DB2cxZE58WCCavW2PNwmf.md

@@ -18,4 +18,7 @@ print_r($decoded);
 
 // Output: Array ( [a] => 1 [b] => 2 [c] => 3 )
 ```
-To master JSON processing in PHP, refer to the official documentation: [PHP JSON Manual](https://www.php.net/manual/en/book.json.php)
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@JSON Manual](https://www.php.net/manual/en/book.json.php)

src/data/roadmaps/php/content/lamp@7LjxtrmgJtTJc0_kP83Tr.md

@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
 # LAMP
 
-LAMP refers to the combined use of Linux OS, Apache HTTP Server, MySQL relational database management system, and PHP; it's a popular stack for creating and hosting websites. For PHP, LAMP is a robust, open-source web development platform that supports a wide range of dynamic websites and applications. Suppose you plan to develop a content management system (CMS), forums, or e-commerce shops. In that case, PHP, as a part of the LAMP stack, helps provide a flexible development environment. Here, PHP works hand-in-hand with MySQL to access and manage databases, get queried results, and embed them into HTML pages by the Apache HTTP Server before sending them to the client side.[Official PHP Documentation](https://www.php.net/manual/en/introduction.php)
+LAMP refers to the combined use of Linux OS, Apache HTTP Server, MySQL relational database management system, and PHP; it's a popular stack for creating and hosting websites. For PHP, LAMP is a robust, open-source web development platform that supports a wide range of dynamic websites and applications. Suppose you plan to develop a content management system (CMS), forums, or e-commerce shops. In that case, PHP, as a part of the LAMP stack, helps provide a flexible development environment. Here, PHP works hand-in-hand with MySQL to access and manage databases, get queried results, and embed them into HTML pages by the Apache HTTP Server before sending them to the client side.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@PHP Lamp](https://www.php.net/manual/en/introduction.php)

src/data/roadmaps/php/content/laravel@zsscRQZIq5o0JZir9hlz-.md

@@ -1,3 +1,9 @@
 # Laravel
 
-Laravel is a robust, elegant PHP framework perfect for web application development, providing developers with a lot of features that boost productivity. Laravel leverages the power of PHP for handling complex tasks such as routing, sessions, caching, and authentication, making it much simpler and quicker for PHP developers to build applications. Laravel's MVC architecture promotes clean, DRY code and separates business logic from UI which significantly improves scalability as well as ease of maintenance. A sample code for a basic Laravel route could be: `Route::get('/', function () { return view('welcome'); });`. For more insights on Laravel, you can check out the official Laravel documentation [here](https://laravel.com/docs).
+Laravel is a robust, elegant PHP framework perfect for web application development, providing developers with a lot of features that boost productivity. Laravel leverages the power of PHP for handling complex tasks such as routing, sessions, caching, and authentication, making it much simpler and quicker for PHP developers to build applications. Laravel's MVC architecture promotes clean, DRY code and separates business logic from UI which significantly improves scalability as well as ease of maintenance.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@Laravel](https://laravel.com/)
+- [@official@Laravel Installation](https://laravel.com/docs/11.x/installation)
+- [@official@Laravel Documentation](https://laravel.com/docs)

src/data/roadmaps/php/content/loops@qwt8xN4vuTrY-D0czYITI.md

@@ -10,4 +10,8 @@ for ($i = 0; $i < 5; $i++) {
 ?>
 ```
 
-In this example, the loop will execute five times, with $i increasing by one each time, outputting the numbers from 0 to 4. You can find more detailed explanation and examples of loops in PHP in the official PHP documentation [here](https://www.php.net/manual/en/language.control-structures.php).
+In this example, the loop will execute five times, with $i increasing by one each time, outputting the numbers from 0 to 4.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@Loops](https://www.php.net/manual/en/language.control-structures.php)

src/data/roadmaps/php/content/magic-methods@rSXsPWto7Jeyw3Szl9pvf.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # Magic methods
 
-PHP Magic Methods, often considered the hooks of the language, provide developers a way to change how objects will respond to particular language constructs. Magic methods are special functions that start with "__" such as __construct(), __destruct(), __call(), __get(), __set() and more. They enable us to perform certain tasks automatically when specific actions occur. For example, __construct() executes when an object is created while __destruct() triggers when an object is no longer needed. Let's see the __construct magic method in action:
+PHP Magic Methods, often considered the hooks of the language, provide developers a way to change how objects will respond to particular language constructs. Magic methods are special functions that start with "__" such as `__construct()`, `__destruct(), __call(), __get(), __set()` and more. They enable us to perform certain tasks automatically when specific actions occur. For example, `__construct()` executes when an object is created while `__destruct()` triggers when an object is no longer needed. Let's see the `__construct` magic method in action:
 
 ```php
 class Car {
@@ -13,4 +13,6 @@ $blueCar = new Car("Blue"); // This will call the __construct() method.
 echo $blueCar->color;  // Outputs "Blue".
 ```
 
-To delve deeper into magic methods and their various usages, you can check the official PHP documentation. Here's the link: [PHP Magic Methods](https://www.php.net/manual/en/language.oop5.magic.php)
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@Magic Methods](https://www.php.net/manual/en/language.oop5.magic.php)

src/data/roadmaps/php/content/mamp@t7p7TU2khaxsZPYAdwFAA.md

@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
 # MAMP
 
-MAMP stands for Macintosh, Apache, MySQL, and PHP. It is a popular software stack that enables developers to run a local server environment. While other technology stacks might be more relevant to different languages or platform-specific development, MAMP is highly beneficial for PHP development. MAMP allows PHP developers to run their code in a localhost environment on their systems, making testing and debugging more straightforward. MAMP bundles all the required software packages (Apache, MySQL, PHP) into one convenient installation, supporting developers in creating a reliable, consistent development environment without tussle. However, as an assistant, I cannot provide a code sample for this topic since it's not directly related to coding in PHP. Here's a link to the MAMP resource where you can find more details: [MAMP Official Site](https://www.mamp.info/en/).
+MAMP stands for Macintosh, Apache, MySQL, and PHP. It is a popular software stack that enables developers to run a local server environment. While other technology stacks might be more relevant to different languages or platform-specific development, MAMP is highly beneficial for PHP development. MAMP allows PHP developers to run their code in a localhost environment on their systems, making testing and debugging more straightforward. MAMP bundles all the required software packages (Apache, MySQL, PHP) into one convenient installation, supporting developers in creating a reliable, consistent development environment without tussle. However, as an assistant, I cannot provide a code sample for this topic since it's not directly related to coding in PHP.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@MAMP](https://www.mamp.info/en/)

src/data/roadmaps/php/content/match@3gNzX-bw2iqur7U7-_W38.md

@@ -9,4 +9,8 @@ $message = match ($statusCode) {
   default => 'unknown status code',
 };
 ```
-In this code, based on the value of `$statusCode`, the `match` expression assigns a specific text to the `$message`. If `$statusCode` is not 200, 300, or 400, the `default` case applies. After running the code, the `$message` variable contains the result of the `match` expression. You can learn more about `match` expressions in PHP documentation: https://www.php.net/manual/en/control-structures.match.php.
+In this code, based on the value of `$statusCode`, the `match` expression assigns a specific text to the `$message`. If `$statusCode` is not 200, 300, or 400, the `default` case applies. After running the code, the `$message` variable contains the result of the `match` expression.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@match](https://www.php.net/manual/en/control-structures.match.php)

src/data/roadmaps/php/content/memory-management@bt7dK2PcOZ72B9HXPyMwL.md

@@ -2,10 +2,15 @@
 
 Memory Management is a crucial part of PHP performance optimization. Efficient memory use can significantly boost the speed and reliability of your PHP applications. PHP automatically provides a garbage collector which cleans up unused memory, but understanding and managing your script's memory usage can result in better use of resources. For instance, `unset()` function can help in freeing up memory by destroying the variables that are no longer used. Here is an example:
 
-```PHP
+```php
 $string = "This is a long string that's going to use a lot of memory!";
 echo memory_get_usage();  // Outputs: 36640
 unset($string);
 echo memory_get_usage();  // Outputs: 36640
 ```
-In this code snippet, you'll notice that the memory used remains the same even when the `$string` variable is unset. This is because `unset() ` only reduces the reference count of the variable in PHP's memory manager, and the memory will be cleared at the end of script execution. Avoiding unnecessary data storage and using inherent PHP functions, can help optimize memory management. You can learn more about memory management from the [PHP Manual](https://www.php.net/manual/en/features.gc.php).
+
+In this code snippet, you'll notice that the memory used remains the same even when the `$string` variable is unset. This is because `unset() ` only reduces the reference count of the variable in PHP's memory manager, and the memory will be cleared at the end of script execution. Avoiding unnecessary data storage and using inherent PHP functions, can help optimize memory management.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@Memory Management](https://www.php.net/manual/en/features.gc.php)

src/data/roadmaps/php/content/multi-dimensional-arrays@uARTOZ-ZwugSmbCJoRS5Y.md

@@ -1,11 +1,17 @@
 # Multi-dimensional Arrays
 
-Multi-dimensional arrays in PHP are a type of array that contains one or more arrays. Essentially, it's an array of arrays. This allows you to store data in a structured manner, much like a table or a matrix. The fundamental idea is that each array value can, in turn, be another array. For instance, you can store information about various users, where each user (a primary array element) contains several details about them (in a secondary array like email, username etc.). Here's an example: 
+Multi-dimensional arrays in PHP are a type of array that contains one or more arrays. Essentially, it's an array of arrays. This allows you to store data in a structured manner, much like a table or a matrix. The fundamental idea is that each array value can, in turn, be another array. For instance, you can store information about various users, where each user (a primary array element) contains several details about them (in a secondary array like email, username etc.). 
-```    
+
+Here's an example:
+
+```php
 $users = array(
        array("John", "john@example.com", "john123"),
        array("Jane", "jane@example.com", "jane123"),
        array("Doe", "doe@example.com", "doe123")
 );
 ```
-You can access elements of this array just like you would with a normal array but with an extra index denoting the 'depth'. More about this can be found in the [PHP documentation](https://www.php.net/manual/en/language.types.array.php).
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@Multi-dimensional Arrays](https://www.php.net/manual/en/language.types.array.php)

src/data/roadmaps/php/content/mysqli@YLuo0oZJzTCoiZoOSG57z.md

@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 # MySQLi
 
-MySQLi is a PHP extension that allows PHP programs to connect with MySQL databases. This extension provides the capability to perform queries, retrieve data, and perform complex operations on MySQL databases using PHP. MySQLi comes with an object-oriented and procedural interface and supports prepared statements, multiple statements, and transactions. Here's a basic example of using MySQLi to connect to a MySQL database:
+MySQLi is a PHP extension that allows PHP programs to connect with MySQL databases. This extension provides the capability to perform queries, retrieve data, and perform complex operations on MySQL databases using PHP. MySQLi comes with an object-oriented and procedural interface and supports prepared statements, multiple statements, and transactions. 
+
+Here's a basic example of using MySQLi to connect to a MySQL database:
 
 ```php
 $servername = "localhost";
@@ -17,4 +19,7 @@ if ($conn->connect_error) {
 }
 echo "Connected successfully";
 ```
-You can get more information about MySQLi from PHP documentation [here](https://www.php.net/manual/en/book.mysqli.php).
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@MySQLi](https://www.php.net/manual/en/book.mysqli.php)

src/data/roadmaps/php/content/named-arguments@RkNjYva8o_jXp9suz5YdG.md

@@ -7,4 +7,8 @@ Named arguments in PHP, introduced with PHP 8.0, allow you to specify the values
 $a = array_fill(start_index: 0, num: 100, value: 50);
 ```
 
-In this code snippet, the parameters are passed by their names ('start_index', 'num', 'value'), not by their order in the function definition. You can learn more about named arguments in the [PHP Documentation](https://www.php.net/manual/en/functions.arguments.php#functions.named-arguments).
+In this code snippet, the parameters are passed by their names ('start_index', 'num', 'value'), not by their order in the function definition.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@Named Arguments](https://www.php.net/manual/en/functions.arguments.php#functions.named-arguments)

src/data/roadmaps/php/content/namespaces@9raJ06lKRZITbjWeLil-F.md

@@ -1,3 +1,16 @@
 # Namespaces
 
-Namespaces in PHP are a way of encapsulating items so that name collisions won't occur. When your code expands, there could be a situation where classes, interfaces, functions, or constants might have the same name, causing confusion or errors. Namespaces come to the rescue by grouping these items. You declare a namespace using the keyword 'namespace' at the top of your PHP file. Every class, function, or variable under this declaration is a part of the namespace until another namespace is declared, or the file ends. It's like creating a new room in your house solely for storing sports equipment. This makes it easier to find your tennis racket, as you won't have to rummage around in a closet full of mixed items. Here's a quick example: `namespace MyNamespace\SubNamespace; function displayGreeting() { echo 'Hello World!'; }`. Dive into the PHP documentation for an in-depth understanding: https://www.php.net/manual/en/language.namespaces.php
+Namespaces in PHP are a way of encapsulating items so that name collisions won't occur. When your code expands, there could be a situation where classes, interfaces, functions, or constants might have the same name, causing confusion or errors. Namespaces come to the rescue by grouping these items. You declare a namespace using the keyword 'namespace' at the top of your PHP file. Every class, function, or variable under this declaration is a part of the namespace until another namespace is declared, or the file ends. It's like creating a new room in your house solely for storing sports equipment. This makes it easier to find your tennis racket, as you won't have to rummage around in a closet full of mixed items. 
+
+Here's a quick example: 
+
+```php
+namespace MyNamespace\SubNamespace; 
+function displayGreeting() {
+     echo 'Hello World!'; 
+} 
+```
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@Namespaces](https://www.php.net/manual/en/language.namespaces.php)

src/data/roadmaps/php/content/nginx@aspZpACHEKOsi_Er5FYPY.md

@@ -2,11 +2,13 @@
 
 Nginx is often deployed as a reverse proxy server for PHP applications, helping to manage client requests and load balance. Unlike traditional servers, Nginx handles numerous simultaneous connections more efficiently, proving instrumental in delivering PHP content faster. For PHP, one common configuration with Nginx involves PHP-FPM (FastCGI Process Manager). FastCGI is a variation on the earlier CGI (Common Gateway Interface), it allows for long-lived PHP processes that can service many requests, improving the performance of PHP applications. For instance, your Nginx server configuration for serving PHP files might include directives like these:
 
-```
+```php
 location ~ \.php$ {
     include snippets/fastcgi-php.conf;
     fastcgi_pass unix:/run/php/php7.0-fpm.sock;
 }
 ```
 
-Do check out the [official Nginx documentation](https://nginx.org/en/docs/) for more in-depth learning.
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@Nginx Documentation](https://nginx.org/en/docs/)

src/data/roadmaps/php/content/null-coalescing-operator@w0ntgFBhgGd5RUFd-qlPK.md

@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
 # Null Coalescing Operator
 
-The Null Coalescing Operator (??) in PHP is a simple and useful tool for handling variables that might not be set. It allows developers to provide a default value when the variable happens not to have a value. It is similar to the ternary operator, but instead of checking whether a variable is true or false, it checks if it is set or null. This makes it a handy tool for handling optional function arguments or form inputs. Here's an example: `$username = $_POST['username'] ?? 'Guest';`. In this line, if 'username' was set in the POST array, $username will be set to that value. Otherwise, it's set to 'Guest'. For more details about this operator, check its [documentation](https://www.php.net/manual/en/migration70.new-features.php#migration70.new-features.null-coalesce-op).
+The Null Coalescing Operator (??) in PHP is a simple and useful tool for handling variables that might not be set. It allows developers to provide a default value when the variable happens not to have a value. It is similar to the ternary operator, but instead of checking whether a variable is true or false, it checks if it is set or null. This makes it a handy tool for handling optional function arguments or form inputs. Here's an example: `$username = $_POST['username'] ?? 'Guest';`. In this line, if 'username' was set in the POST array, $username will be set to that value. If not, it will be set to 'Guest'.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@Null Coalescing Operator](https://www.php.net/manual/en/migration70.new-features.php#migration70.new-features.null-coalesce-op)

src/data/roadmaps/php/content/null-safe-operator@1NXSk8VZDr89jQTTkOL7x.md

@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
 # Null Safe Operator
 
-The Null Safe Operator is a handy feature in PHP which deals with an issue that often pops up when working with objects: trying to access properties or methods on an object that might be null. Instead of a fatal error, the PHP Null Safe Operator (indicated by ?->) allows null values to be returned safely, making your code more robust. Here's a quick example, consider $session?->user?->name. If $session or user is null, PHP will stop further execution and simply return null. This makes PHP more resilient when processing unpredictable data. More information can be found on the [PHP documentation webpage](https://www.php.net/manual/en/language.oop5.nullsafe.php).
+The Null Safe Operator is a handy feature in PHP which deals with an issue that often pops up when working with objects: trying to access properties or methods on an object that might be null. Instead of a fatal error, the PHP Null Safe Operator (indicated by ?->) allows null values to be returned safely, making your code more robust. Here's a quick example, consider $session?->user?->name. If $session or user is null, PHP will stop further execution and simply return null. This makes PHP more resilient when processing unpredictable data.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@Null Safe Operator](https://www.php.net/manual/en/language.oop5.nullsafe.php)

src/data/roadmaps/php/content/object-relational-mapping-orm@SeqGIfcLuveZ2z5ZSXcOd.md

@@ -9,4 +9,6 @@ $entityManager->persist($product);
 $entityManager->flush();
 ```
 
-You can see a more detailed explanation about it at the PHP documentation on [Object Relational Mapping (ORM)](https://www.doctrine-project.org/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.7/tutorials/getting-started.html).
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@article@Object Relational Mapping (ORM)](https://www.doctrine-project.org/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.7/tutorials/getting-started.html)

src/data/roadmaps/php/content/oop-fundamentals@yTviiPFR5b_dr3WyxdxxQ.md

@@ -14,4 +14,8 @@ $hello = new Hello();
 $hello->displayGreeting(); // Outputs "Hello, world!"
 ```
 
-This snippet defines a class `Hello` with a property `$greeting` and a method `displayGreeting()`. Instances of this class can access these methods and properties. OOP Fundamentals in PHP are much more comprehensive, encompassing concepts like inheritance, encapsulation, and polymorphism. To dive deeper, explore the [official PHP Documentation](https://php.net/manual/en/language.oop5.basic.php).
+This snippet defines a class `Hello` with a property `$greeting` and a method `displayGreeting()`. Instances of this class can access these methods and properties. OOP Fundamentals in PHP are much more comprehensive, encompassing concepts like inheritance, encapsulation, and polymorphism.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@OOP](https://php.net/manual/en/language.oop5.basic.php)

src/data/roadmaps/php/content/opcode-caching@NieqZd1juaNYoZOrB7e31.md

@@ -1,10 +1,16 @@
 # Opcode Caching
 
-Opcode caching is a technique that can significantly enhance the PHP performance. It works by storing precompiled script bytecode in memory, thus eliminating the need for PHP to load and parse scripts on each request. For opcode caching, OPCache extension is often used in PHP. With this, the PHP script's compiled version is stored for subsequent requests, reducing the overhead of code parsing and compiling. As a result, your applications experience faster execution and lower CPU usage. An Example of a way to enable OPCache in your php.ini configuration file might look like, 
+Opcode caching is a technique that can significantly enhance the PHP performance. It works by storing precompiled script bytecode in memory, thus eliminating the need for PHP to load and parse scripts on each request. For opcode caching, OPCache extension is often used in PHP. With this, the PHP script's compiled version is stored for subsequent requests, reducing the overhead of code parsing and compiling. As a result, your applications experience faster execution and lower CPU usage. 
-``` 
+
+An Example of a way to enable OPCache in your php.ini configuration file might look like:
+
+```ini
    opcache.enable=1 
    opcache.memory_consumption=128 
    opcache.max_accelerated_files=4000 
    opcache.revalidate_freq=60
 ``` 
-Do check out the [PHP documentation](https://www.php.net/manual/en/book.opcache.php) for a detailed guide on using OPCache for opcode caching.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@Opcode Caching](https://www.php.net/manual/en/book.opcache.php)

src/data/roadmaps/php/content/packagist@xZf2jjnCVHwYfDH2hs9kR.md

@@ -1,3 +1,8 @@
 # Packagist
 
-Packagist is the primary package repository for PHP, providing a service for hosting and distributing PHP package dependencies. Developers can use it to upload their PHP packages and share them with other developers globally. In conjunction with Composer, Packagist helps manage package versions and resolve dependencies for PHP, acting as a crucial part of modern PHP development. For example, to install a package from Packagist, you would run the command `composer require vendor/package`. You can find more information and documentation on the official [Packagist website](https://packagist.org/).
+Packagist is the primary package repository for PHP, providing a service for hosting and distributing PHP package dependencies. Developers can use it to upload their PHP packages and share them with other developers globally. In conjunction with Composer, Packagist helps manage package versions and resolve dependencies for PHP, acting as a crucial part of modern PHP development.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@Packagist](https://packagist.org/)
+- [@official@Package Documentation](https://getcomposer.org/doc/01-basic-usage.md#package-versions)

src/data/roadmaps/php/content/parameters--return-values@mpQKoBzsOa-5iWo08sOhQ.md

@@ -10,4 +10,9 @@ function addNumbers($num1, $num2) {
 
 echo addNumbers(3, 4);  // Outputs: 7
 ```
-In the above code, `$num1` and `$num2` are parameters, and the sum of these numbers is the return value. To deepen your understanding, visit PHP function parameters and return values guide on the [official PHP website](https://www.php.net/manual/en/functions.arguments.php).
+
+In the above code, `$num1` and `$num2` are parameters, and the sum of these numbers is the return value.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@Parameters / Return Values](https://www.php.net/manual/en/functions.arguments.php)

src/data/roadmaps/php/content/password-hashing@JbWFfJiCRrXDhnuIx_lqx.md

@@ -13,4 +13,7 @@ if (password_verify('mypassword', $hash)) {
     echo 'Invalid password.';
 }
 ```
-Use PHP's built-in functions for password hashing to enhance your application's security. For more information, you can refer to [PHP documentation here](https://www.php.net/manual/en/function.password-hash.php).
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@Password Hashing](https://www.php.net/manual/en/function.password-hash.php)

src/data/roadmaps/php/content/pdo@cJtPz1RMN1qDE4eRdv4N_.md

@@ -13,4 +13,7 @@ try {
     echo "Connection failed: " . $e->getMessage();
 }
 ```
-You can learn more about PDO at the official PHP documentation site: [PHP: PDO - Manual](https://www.php.net/manual/en/book.pdo.php).
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@Data Objects](https://www.php.net/manual/en/book.pdo.php)

src/data/roadmaps/php/content/performance-optimization@M1nVsh_sCSFJRf6-7Ttsj.md

@@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
 # Performance Optimization
 
-Performance Optimization linked with Advanced Database Techniques in PHP ensures your database-driven applications run efficiently. This involves techniques like indexing, using EXPLAIN SQL command, de-normalization, and caching query results. For instance, an effective technique is caching query results, which can significantly reduce the number of database calls. PHP offers functions to serialize and unserialize data, you can store your result set in a serialized form and when needed, retrieve it quickly, unserialize it and voila, you have your data ready with no database calls. Here's a simple example of caching MySQL query with PHP:
+Performance Optimization linked with Advanced Database Techniques in PHP ensures your database-driven applications run efficiently. This involves techniques like indexing, using EXPLAIN SQL command, de-normalization, and caching query results. For instance, an effective technique is caching query results, which can significantly reduce the number of database calls. PHP offers functions to serialize and unserialize data, you can store your result set in a serialized form and when needed, retrieve it quickly, unserialize it and voila, you have your data ready with no database calls. 
 
-```
+Here's a simple example of caching MySQL query with PHP:
+
+```php
 $query = "SELECT * FROM my_table";
 $cache_file = '/tmp/cache/' . md5($query);
 
@@ -18,4 +20,6 @@ if (file_exists($cache_file)) {
 }
 ```
 
-For more information, refer to the official [PHP documentation](https://www.php.net/manual/en/book.mysql.php).
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@MySQL Performance Optimization](https://www.php.net/manual/en/book.mysql.php)

src/data/roadmaps/php/content/pest@d6MydchA52HIxfAUjmZui.md

@@ -8,4 +8,8 @@ it('has homepage', function () {
     $response->assertStatus(200);
 });
 ```
-It simplifies your testing workflow and makes it more readable and impactful. Check out the official Pest documentation at https://pestphp.com/.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@Pest](https://pestphp.com/)
+- [@official@Pest Installation](https://pestphp.com/docs/installation)

src/data/roadmaps/php/content/phan@B45YVzov8X_iOtneiFEqa.md

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 # Phan
 
-Phan is a static analysis tool specially made for PHP language, greatly useful in catching common issues in the code before execution. It can analyze the syntax and behaviors in PHP code, detecting problems such as undeclared variables, type inconsistencies, uncaught exceptions, and more. Interestingly, Phan has a particular strength — it understands the relationships among PHP's different features, making the tool effective in finding subtle, complicated bugs. To use it, simply install it using composer and run the command 'phan' in your project directory. Want to learn more? The official PHP documentation can support you: [PHP Documentation](https://www.php.net/manual/en/).
+Phan is a static analysis tool specially made for PHP language, greatly useful in catching common issues in the code before execution. It can analyze the syntax and behaviors in PHP code, detecting problems such as undeclared variables, type inconsistencies, uncaught exceptions, and more. Interestingly, Phan has a particular strength — it understands the relationships among PHP's different features, making the tool effective in finding subtle, complicated bugs. To use it, simply install it using composer and run the command 'phan' in your project directory.
+
 ```php
 <?php
 // Phan sample usage
@@ -15,3 +16,8 @@ $code = "<?php function add(int $a, int $b): int { return $a + $b; } echo add('h
 Phan::analyzeFile('test.php', $code);
 ```
 Above is a basic sample of using Phan. It checks for a type error in a PHP function.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@Phan](https://phan.github.io/)
+- [@opensource@phan/phan](https://github.com/phan/phan)

src/data/roadmaps/php/content/php-cs-fixer@r07k_hT2z2EiIBH4q3F7-.md

@@ -12,4 +12,6 @@ Then, run this command in your project directory:
 php-cs-fixer fix /path-to-your-php-files
 ```
 
-You may refer to the official PHP documentation for more in-depth information here: [PHP CS Fixer Documentation](https://cs.symfony.com/).
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@CS Fixer](https://cs.symfony.com/)

src/data/roadmaps/php/content/php-fig@SD9k16UlVve9WtNMDA5Za.md

@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
 # PHP-FIG
 
-PHP-FIG, also known as the PHP Framework Interoperability Group, is a vital part of PHP's ecosystem. This group has the main goal of creating PHP standards that promote interoperability among PHP frameworks, libraries, and other pieces of PHP based software. The group is responsible for PSR standards, which most modern PHP codes adhere to. Typically, it provides guidelines on coding style, logger interface, http cache, and more. Each PSR is designed to make PHP code more consistent and maintainable. By adhering to PHP-FIG's standards, developers enhance their ability to integrate and leverage third-party code within their projects. The documentation explaining the standards in detail can be found [here](https://www.php-fig.org/psr/).
+PHP-FIG, also known as the PHP Framework Interoperability Group, is a vital part of PHP's ecosystem. This group has the main goal of creating PHP standards that promote interoperability among PHP frameworks, libraries, and other pieces of PHP based software. The group is responsible for PSR standards, which most modern PHP codes adhere to. Typically, it provides guidelines on coding style, logger interface, http cache, and more. Each PSR is designed to make PHP code more consistent and maintainable. By adhering to PHP-FIG's standards, developers enhance their ability to integrate and leverage third-party code within their projects.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@PHP FIG](https://www.php-fig.org/psr/)

src/data/roadmaps/php/content/php-fpm@AoGS-5MSkp8gtJFQVPSBE.md

@@ -11,4 +11,8 @@ location ~ \.php$ {
     include fastcgi_params;
 }
 ```
-Here `$uri` is the incoming request and `fastcgi_pass` should be the location where PHP-FPM listens. Visit this [link](https://www.php.net/manual/en/install.fpm.php) to learn more on installing and configuring PHP-FPM.
+Here `$uri` is the incoming request and `fastcgi_pass` should be the location where PHP-FPM listens.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@PHP FPM](https://www.php.net/manual/en/install.fpm.php)

src/data/roadmaps/php/content/php-versions-and-features@6sHRQTcoKL3TlgNJlwyx8.md

@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
 # PHP Versions and Features
 
-PHP (Hypertext Preprocessor) versions are critically important as each release comes with new features, improvements, and bug fixes. PHP versions start from PHP 1.0 released in 1995 and have improved over the years. The more recent version as of writing is PHP 8.0, which introduced features like the JIT compiler, named arguments, match expressions, and more. Remember, sticking to officially supported versions, like PHP 7.4 or 8.0, ensures security updates and performance improvements. For instance, the code `echo "Current PHP version: " . phpversion();` would tell you the PHP version in use. To learn more about PHP versions and their features, check out the [official PHP documentation](https://www.php.net/manual/en/history.php.php).
+PHP (Hypertext Preprocessor) versions are critically important as each release comes with new features, improvements, and bug fixes. PHP versions start from PHP 1.0 released in 1995 and have improved over the years. The more recent version as of writing is PHP 8.0, which introduced features like the JIT compiler, named arguments, match expressions, and more. Remember, sticking to officially supported versions, like PHP 7.4 or 8.0, ensures security updates and performance improvements. For instance, the code `echo "Current PHP version: " . phpversion();` would tell you the PHP version in use.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@Versions and Features](https://www.php.net/manual/en/history.php.php)

src/data/roadmaps/php/content/phpcodesniffer@fSpvZ_4kGFMbFVCWhA8vn.md

@@ -2,8 +2,12 @@
 
 PHPCodeSniffer, often abbreviated as PHPCS, is a fantastic tool designed for PHP developers to maintain neat and consistent coding styles across their projects. It does this by analyzing the PHP, JavaScript, and CSS files in your project to detect deviations from a defined set of coding standards. When PHPCodeSniffer finds a violation, it flags it for fixing, thus making your codebase more readable and harmonious. Here is an example of running PHPCS:
 
-```
+```shell
 phpcs --standard=PSR2 /path/to/your/phpfile.php 
 ```
 
-This command checks your PHP file against the PSR-2 coding standard. Detailed information and installation instructions for PHPCodeSniffer can be found at [PHP CodeSniffer Documentation](https://github.com/squizlabs/PHP_CodeSniffer/wiki).
+This command checks your PHP file against the PSR-2 coding standard.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@opensource@CodeSniffer Documentation](https://github.com/squizlabs/PHP_CodeSniffer/wiki)

src/data/roadmaps/php/content/phpstan@12k71gNfwAcT9K5aLWgbZ.md

@@ -4,11 +4,14 @@ PHPStan is a static analysis tool for PHP that focuses on discovering bugs in yo
 
 Here's a basic example of how you can use PHPStan:
 
-```
+```shell
 // install PHPStan using composer
 $ composer require --dev phpstan/phpstan
 
 // analyse your code
 $ vendor/bin/phpstan analyse src
 ```
-For more advanced configuration and usage options, refer to the [PHPStan documentation](https://phpstan.org/user-guide/getting-started).
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@PHP Stan](https://phpstan.org/user-guide/getting-started)

src/data/roadmaps/php/content/phpunit@NfBKKwG2GGBPppOjoLLBg.md

@@ -23,4 +23,8 @@ class StackTest extends TestCase
 }
 ?>
 ```
-In this example, we’re testing the 'push' and 'pop' functionality of an array. Want to go deeper into PHPUnit? Check out the [PHP documentation](https://phpunit.de/getting-started/phpunit-7.html).
+In this example, we’re testing the 'push' and 'pop' functionality of an array.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@PHP Unit](https://phpunit.de/getting-started/phpunit-7.html)

src/data/roadmaps/php/content/polymorphism@gtq5KrghF28f5G8nuDcYQ.md

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 Polymorphism is a core concept in object-oriented programming that PHP supports. It provides a mechanism to use one interface for different underlying forms, enabling different objects to process differently based on their data type. In PHP, polymorphism can be achieved through inheritance and interfaces. For example, you may have a parent class 'Shape' and child classes 'Circle', 'Rectangle', etc. They all can have a method 'draw' but with different implementations. It's not limited to classes; you can also use polymorphism with interfaces by implementing different classes with the same interface where each class will have different code for the same method. 
 
 Here's a small sample code demonstrating the concept:
+
 ```php
 <?php
 interface Shape {
@@ -30,4 +31,8 @@ drawShape(new Rectangle());
 ?>
 ```
 
-This creates a scalable way to add more shapes, as you only need to follow the 'Shape' interface. For more details, you can read the PHP documentation on polymorphism [here](https://www.php.net/manual/en/language.oop5.polymorphism.php).
+This creates a scalable way to add more shapes, as you only need to follow the 'Shape' interface.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@Polymorphism](https://www.php.net/manual/en/language.oop5.polymorphism.php)

src/data/roadmaps/php/content/print@NQUmO90sqe7fnzod3Ia8H.md

@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
 # print
 
-The 'print' statement in PHP is an in-built function used for outputting one or more strings. Unlike 'echo', it is not a language construct and has a return value. However, it is slower because it uses expressions. The text or numeric data that 'print' outputs can be shown directly or stored in a variable. For instance, to print a string you may use `print("Hello, World!");`, and for using it with a variable, `echo $variable;` is suitable. For more nuances and subtleties of using 'print', refer to the PHP official documentation: [PHP print](https://www.php.net/manual/en/function.print.php).
+The 'print' statement in PHP is an in-built function used for outputting one or more strings. Unlike 'echo', it is not a language construct and has a return value. However, it is slower because it uses expressions. The text or numeric data that 'print' outputs can be shown directly or stored in a variable. For instance, to print a string you may use `print("Hello, World!");`, and for using it with a variable, `echo $variable;` is suitable.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@print](https://www.php.net/manual/en/function.print.php)

src/data/roadmaps/php/content/print_r@wsC7OGXOyfCY4pLLNrR2v.md

@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
 # print_r
 
-The print_r function in PHP is used to print human-readable information about a variable, ranging from simple values to more complex, multi-dimensional arrays and objects. It's exceptionally helpful while debugging, providing more information about the variable's contents than the echo or print functions. For example, in the code `$array = array('apple', 'banana', 'cherry'); print_r($array);`, it will display Array ( [0] => apple [1] => banana [2] => cherry ). Further information about the print_r function can be found at the [PHP documentation](https://www.php.net/manual/en/function.print-r.php).
+The print_r function in PHP is used to print human-readable information about a variable, ranging from simple values to more complex, multi-dimensional arrays and objects. It's exceptionally helpful while debugging, providing more information about the variable's contents than the echo or print functions. For example, in the code `$array = array('apple', 'banana', 'cherry'); print_r($array);`, it will display Array ( [0] => apple [1] => banana [2] => cherry ).
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@print_r](https://www.php.net/manual/en/function.print-r.php)

src/data/roadmaps/php/content/process-control@NTKUMgsKGYISIyhgOJPQn.md

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 Process Control, a crucial aspect of PHP system interactions, pertains to the ability to manage child processes within larger PHP scripts. Through the Process Control Extensions, PHP can create, monitor and control these child processes efficiently. These functions help develop robust client-server systems by managing and bringing multi-threading capabilities to single-threaded PHP scripts. For instance, when creating a new child process using pcntl_fork() function, the return value in the parent process is the PID of the newly created child process whereas, in the child process, '0' is returned. Remember, this feature isn't enabled by default in PHP. 
 
 Here's a short PHP code demonstrating Process Control:
+
 ```php
 <?php 
 $pid = pcntl_fork();
@@ -10,10 +11,13 @@ if ($pid == -1) {
      die('could not fork');
 } else if ($pid) {
      // we are the parent
-     pcntl_wait($status); //Protect against Zombie children
+     pcntl_wait($status); // Protect against Zombie children
 } else {
      // we are the child
 }
 ?>
 ```
-More examples and commands can be found in PHP's official documentation: [Process Control Functions](https://www.php.net/manual/en/ref.pcntl.php)
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@Process Control](https://www.php.net/manual/en/ref.pcntl.php)

src/data/roadmaps/php/content/profiling-techniques@_Dh78x_tPLqZweg--qZFQ.md

@@ -8,4 +8,6 @@ xdebug_start_trace();
 xdebug_stop_trace();
 ```
 
-For more details, refer to the Xdebug documentation on the [PHP website](https://xdebug.org/docs/profiler).
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@Xdebug Profiler](https://xdebug.org/docs/profiler)

src/data/roadmaps/php/content/properties-and-methods@MRAPXshy9RoYdReY6grf_.md

@@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
 # Properties and Methods
 
-Properties and Methods are fundamental components of Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) in PHP. Properties are just like variables; they hold information that an object will need to use. Methods, on the other hand, are similar to functions; they perform an action on an object's properties. In PHP, properties are declared using visibility keywords (public, protected, or private) followed by a regular variable declaration, while methods are declared like functions but inside a class. Here is a simple example: 
+Properties and Methods are fundamental components of Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) in PHP. Properties are just like variables; they hold information that an object will need to use. Methods, on the other hand, are similar to functions; they perform an action on an object's properties. In PHP, properties are declared using visibility keywords (public, protected, or private) followed by a regular variable declaration, while methods are declared like functions but inside a class. 
 
-```
+Here is a simple example: 
+
+```php
 class Car {
   public $color; // Property
 
@@ -12,4 +14,8 @@ class Car {
   }
 }
 ```
-In this example, `$color` is a property and `setColor()` is a method. Learn more through [PHP documentation](https://www.php.net/manual/en/language.oop5.properties.php).
+In this example, `$color` is a property and `setColor()` is a method.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@Properties and Methods](https://www.php.net/manual/en/language.oop5.properties.php)

src/data/roadmaps/php/content/psalm@T1XD93j6Lkpl88JSmys9b.md

@@ -1,8 +1,13 @@
 # Psalm
 
-Psalm is a popular static analysis tool tailored for PHP. It identifies potential issues in your code, including syntax errors, unused variables, and type mismatches, before you run the code. This helps to improve code quality and maintainability. It's quite powerful, it can even understand complex scenarios using its template/interface system. To analyze your PHP code with Psalm, you simply need to install it and then run it against your PHP file or directory. Here's an example of how you might run Psalm against a file called 'example.php': 
+Psalm is a popular static analysis tool tailored for PHP. It identifies potential issues in your code, including syntax errors, unused variables, and type mismatches, before you run the code. This helps to improve code quality and maintainability. It's quite powerful, it can even understand complex scenarios using its template/interface system. To analyze your PHP code with Psalm, you simply need to install it and then run it against your PHP file or directory. 
+
+Here's an example of how you might run Psalm against a file called 'example.php': 
 
 ```bash
 vendor/bin/psalm example.php
 ```
-For more information on using Psalm with PHP, you can check out the official PHP documentation [here](https://psalm.dev/docs/).
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@Psalm Documentation](https://psalm.dev/docs/)

src/data/roadmaps/php/content/psr-standards@3tONibbRgK7HCwGTE2Gqw.md

@@ -1,6 +1,9 @@
 # PSR Standards
 
-The PHP Framework Interop Group (PHP-FIG) introduced PHP Standard Recommendation (PSR) standards to provide a uniform and interoperable set of coding practices for PHP developers. PSR standards cover a variety of coding aspects such as code style (PSR-1, PSR-2), autoloading (PSR-4), and more. The PHP community widely accepts these standards contributing towards writing clean and easy-to-follow code. Here's a snippet to illustrate the PSR-4 autoloading standards in PHP:
+The PHP Framework Interop Group (PHP-FIG) introduced PHP Standard Recommendation (PSR) standards to provide a uniform and interoperable set of coding practices for PHP developers. PSR standards cover a variety of coding aspects such as code style (PSR-1, PSR-2), autoloading (PSR-4), and more. The PHP community widely accepts these standards contributing towards writing clean and easy-to-follow code. 
+
+Here's a snippet to illustrate the PSR-4 autoloading standards in PHP:
+
 ```php
 // Register the autoloader
 spl_autoload_register(function ($class) {
@@ -13,4 +16,7 @@ spl_autoload_register(function ($class) {
     }
 });
 ```
-You can probe into PSR's details by visiting the official [PHP-FIG website](https://www.php-fig.org/psr/).
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@PSR Standards](https://www.php-fig.org/psr/)

src/data/roadmaps/php/content/reading-files@S9wTlkbv9-R6dohhZ47hs.md

@@ -15,4 +15,7 @@ if ($file) {
     echo 'Error opening file';
 }
 ```
-Check the [official PHP documentation](https://www.php.net/manual/en/book.filesystem.php) for more information on file system functions.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@Filesystem Operations](https://www.php.net/manual/en/book.filesystem.php)

src/data/roadmaps/php/content/recursion@D9ybK5INH5zSOcYMb5ZPi.md

@@ -12,4 +12,8 @@ function countDown($count) {
 countDown(5);
 ```
 
-In this example, the function `countDown` calls itself until the count hits zero, displaying numbers from 5 to 0. To learn more about recursive functions, the PHP documentation is a helpful resource. Here's a direct link to it: [PHP Documentation](https://www.php.net/manual/en/language.functions.php).
+In this example, the function `countDown` calls itself until the count hits zero, displaying numbers from 5 to 0.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@Functions - Recursion](https://www.php.net/manual/en/language.functions.php)

src/data/roadmaps/php/content/require@Kaaqu-mN7xvHN6CbIn616.md

@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
 # require
 
-The 'require' statement is a built-in feature of PHP used to include and evaluate a specific file while executing the code. This is a crucial part of file handling in PHP because it enables the sharing of functions, classes, or elements across multiple scripts, promoting code reusability and neatness. Keep in mind, if the required file is missing, PHP will produce a fatal error and stop the code execution. The basic syntax is `require 'filename';`. For more insights into 'require', visit the PHP documentation [here](https://www.php.net/manual/en/function.require.php).
+The 'require' statement is a built-in feature of PHP used to include and evaluate a specific file while executing the code. This is a crucial part of file handling in PHP because it enables the sharing of functions, classes, or elements across multiple scripts, promoting code reusability and neatness. Keep in mind, if the required file is missing, PHP will produce a fatal error and stop the code execution. The basic syntax is `require 'filename';`.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@require](https://www.php.net/manual/en/function.require.php)

src/data/roadmaps/php/content/require_once@-CyJbsg2ho3RvfzKnJj5C.md

@@ -10,4 +10,8 @@ require_once('somefile.php');
 ?>
 ```
 
-This code fetches all the functions and codes from 'somefile.php' and includes them in the current file. You can check more about this statement on the official PHP documentation: [require_once](https://www.php.net/manual/en/function.require-once.php)
+This code fetches all the functions and codes from 'somefile.php' and includes them in the current file.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@require_once](https://www.php.net/manual/en/function.require-once.php)

src/data/roadmaps/php/content/sanitization-techniques@tfC1tCrbvH5J43WUpG9Yb.md

@@ -8,4 +8,6 @@ $clean_data = filter_var($dirty_data, FILTER_SANITIZE_STRING);
 echo $clean_data;
 ``` 
 
-This will effectively remove any malicious scripts from the text. Take a look at the resource in the [PHP documentation](https://www.php.net/manual/en/function.filter-var.php) for more details.
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@Sanitization Techniques](https://www.php.net/manual/en/function.filter-var.php)

src/data/roadmaps/php/content/sessions@qobzzgzArNHLLn9Oiqc6G.md

@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
 # Sessions
 
-Sessions provide a way to preserve certain data across subsequent accesses. Unlike a cookie, the information is not stored on the user's computer but on the server. This is particularly useful when you want to store information related to a specific user's session on your platform, like user login status or user preferences. When a session is started in PHP, a unique session ID is generated for the user. This ID is then passed and tracked through a cookie in the user's browser. To start a session, you would use the PHP function session_start(). To save a value in a session, you'd use the $_SESSION superglobal array. For example, `$_SESSION['username'] = 'John';` assigns 'John' to the session variable 'username'. Official PHP documentation pertaining to sessions can be found at [PHP.net](https://www.php.net/manual/en/book.session.php).
+Sessions provide a way to preserve certain data across subsequent accesses. Unlike a cookie, the information is not stored on the user's computer but on the server. This is particularly useful when you want to store information related to a specific user's session on your platform, like user login status or user preferences. When a session is started in PHP, a unique session ID is generated for the user. This ID is then passed and tracked through a cookie in the user's browser. To start a session, you would use the PHP function session_start(). To save a value in a session, you'd use the $_SESSION superglobal array. For example, `$_SESSION['username'] = 'John';` assigns 'John' to the session variable 'username'.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@Sessions](https://www.php.net/manual/en/book.session.php)

src/data/roadmaps/php/content/sql-injection@801vB_JMas4ucriUmfrLg.md

@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
 # SQL Injection
 
-SQL Injection is a crucial security topic in PHP. It is a code injection technique where an attacker may slip shady SQL code within a query. This attack can lead to data manipulation or loss and even compromise your database. To prevent this, PHP encourages the use of prepared statements with either the MySQLi or PDO extension. An example of a vulnerable code snippet would be: `$unsafe_variable = $_POST['user_input']; mysqli_query($link, "INSERT INTO `table` (`column`) VALUES ('$unsafe_variable')");`. Stop falling prey to injections by utilizing prepared statement like so: `$stmt = $pdo->prepare('INSERT INTO `table` (`column`) VALUES (?)'); $stmt->execute([$safe_variable]);`. For more secure PHP coding style, check out the PHP documentation's section on SQL injection: [https://www.php.net/manual/en/security.database.sql-injection.php](https://www.php.net/manual/en/security.database.sql-injection.php).
+SQL Injection is a crucial security topic in PHP. It is a code injection technique where an attacker may slip shady SQL code within a query. This attack can lead to data manipulation or loss and even compromise your database. To prevent this, PHP encourages the use of prepared statements with either the MySQLi or PDO extension. An example of a vulnerable code snippet would be: `$unsafe_variable = $_POST['user_input']; mysqli_query($link, "INSERT INTO `table` (`column`) VALUES ('$unsafe_variable')");`. Stop falling prey to injections by utilizing prepared statement like so: `$stmt = $pdo->prepare('INSERT INTO `table` (`column`) VALUES (?)'); $stmt->execute([$safe_variable]);`.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@SQL Injection](https://www.php.net/manual/en/security.database.sql-injection.php)