* cleanup both frontend and full stack guides.
* Update src/data/guides/frontend-languages.md
* Update src/data/guides/full-stack-vs-software-engineer.md
---------
Co-authored-by: Kamran Ahmed <kamranahmed.se@gmail.com>
@ -53,8 +53,9 @@ HTML, CSS, and JavaScript are the foundational [programming languages for front
### CSS (Cascading Style Sheets):
### CSS (Cascading Style Sheets):
- **Role**: CSS is responsible for the visual presentation of the web page. It controls the layout, colors, fonts, and overall style. While HTML lays out the foundational work for the page, CSS is a big component in making it look “good” for the users.
- **Role**: CSS is responsible for the visual presentation of the web page. It controls the layout, colors, fonts, and overall style. While HTML lays out the foundational work for the page, CSS is a big component in making it look “good” for the users.
- **Key Features**: CSS3 introduces features like Flexbox, Grid Layout, animations, and transitions, which enable complex designs with less code. While trying to build responsive designs (which everyone should be doing by now), media queries, flexbox and grid are your friends, making web pages look good on all devices.
- **Key Features**: CSS3 introduces features like Flexbox, Grid Layout, animations, and transitions, which enable complex designs with less code. While trying to build responsive designs (which everyone should be doing by now), media queries, flexbox and grid are your friends, making web pages look good on all devices.
### JavaScript:
### JavaScript
- **Role**: JavaScript adds interactivity and dynamic behavior to web pages. It enables features like form validation, content updates without page reloads, and interactive elements like sliders and carousels. In other words, while CSS makes it look “good”, JavaScript makes it interactive and reactive to the user’s actions.
- **Role**: JavaScript adds interactivity and dynamic behavior to web pages. It enables features like form validation, content updates without page reloads, and interactive elements like sliders and carousels. In other words, while CSS makes it look “good”, JavaScript makes it interactive and reactive to the user’s actions.
- **Key Features**: Modern JavaScript (ES6+) introduces features like arrow functions, template literals, destructuring, modules, and promises. These features make the code more concise and readable. Whether you’re an old developer looking to become a front end developer, or a new one just getting started, adopting these features is key to your success as a JavaScript developer.
- **Key Features**: Modern JavaScript (ES6+) introduces features like arrow functions, template literals, destructuring, modules, and promises. These features make the code more concise and readable. Whether you’re an old developer looking to become a front end developer, or a new one just getting started, adopting these features is key to your success as a JavaScript developer.
@ -136,7 +137,7 @@ The answer to that question is “yes, there should be”, however, as a front e
- **Increased visibility and traffic**: Good SEO practices improve a website’s ranking on search engine results pages (SERPs). As a front end developer you have control over how the page is rendered, including how fast it does it and the information that is provided to search engines In other words, you have full control over the traffic and visibility of the project you’re working on.
- **Increased visibility and traffic**: Good SEO practices improve a website’s ranking on search engine results pages (SERPs). As a front end developer you have control over how the page is rendered, including how fast it does it and the information that is provided to search engines In other words, you have full control over the traffic and visibility of the project you’re working on.
- **Career advancement**: As businesses increasingly recognize the importance of online presence, the demand for developers with SEO expertise is growing. Front End developers who can implement SEO best practices are more valuable to employers and clients, leading to better - job opportunities and career growth.
- **Career advancement**: As businesses increasingly recognize the importance of online presence, the demand for developers with SEO expertise is growing. Front End developers who can implement SEO best practices are more valuable to employers and clients, leading to better - job opportunities and career growth.
- **Improved code quality**: SEO-friendly code is usually cleaner, more organized, and easier to maintain (there are no guarantees though). By adhering to SEO best practices, front end developers tend to produce code that is well-structured and follows industry standards, leading to fewer bugs and more scalable projects.
- **Improved code quality**: SEO-friendly code is usually cleaner, more organized, and easier to maintain (there are no guarantees though). By adhering to SEO best practices, front end developers tend to produce code that is well-structured and follows industry standards, leading to fewer bugs and more scalable projects.
@ -198,7 +199,7 @@ We are, of course, talking about modern [front end frameworks](https://roadmap.s
Of course, there are other options out there, such as Svelte, Solid, or even just the native Web Components that all major browsers support nowadays. However, while those are very valid options, the main 3 still remain the most used options and if you’re [looking to become a front end developer](https://roadmap.sh/frontend/how-to-become-frontend-developer), you’ll want to first focus on one of them.
Of course, there are other options out there, such as Svelte, Solid, or even just the native Web Components that all major browsers support nowadays. However, while those are very valid options, the main 3 still remain the most used options and if you’re [looking to become a front end developer](https://roadmap.sh/frontend/how-to-become-frontend-developer), you’ll want to first focus on one of them.
Each framework has its own strengths and use cases, so understanding their core concepts and ecosystems can significantly enhance a developer's productivity.
Each framework has its own strengths and use cases, so understanding their core concepts and ecosystems can significantly enhance a developer's productivity.
Now the question remains: which one is the right one for you? That’s entirely up to you to decide, but here are some of the highlights of each framework:
Now the question remains: which one is the right one for you? That’s entirely up to you to decide, but here are some of the highlights of each framework:
@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ Frontend developer duties go far beyond designing a website's appearance. They p
Frontend developers aren't just individual who make cool web applications or websites. They also play a critical role in maintaining existing web applications. It is crucial to hire a frontend developer who can:
Frontend developers aren't just individual who make cool web applications or websites. They also play a critical role in maintaining existing web applications. It is crucial to hire a frontend developer who can:
- **Fix bugs:** Frontend developers help resolve website issues like browser compatibility issues, unclickable buttons, etc.
- **Fix bugs:** Frontend developers help resolve website issues like browser compatibility issues, unclickable buttons, etc.
- **Optimize applications:** Frontend web developers ensure a website works well and loads fast. They are responsible for optimizing website performance, improving load times, and troubleshooting frontend issues. Frontend developers must stay up-to-date with [industry trends](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn/Getting_started_with_the_web/The_web_and_web_standards#web_best_practices) and [best practices](https://roadmap.sh/best-practices/frontend-performance). This ensures that the websites they work on are accessible, follow web standards, and provide a great user experience.
- **Optimize applications:** Frontend web developers ensure a website works well and loads fast. They are responsible for optimizing website performance, improving load times, and troubleshooting frontend issues. Frontend developers must stay up-to-date with [industry trends](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn/Getting_started_with_the_web/The_web_and_web_standards#web_best_practices) and [best practices](https://roadmap.sh/best-practices/frontend-performance). This ensures that the websites they work on are accessible, follow web standards, and provide a great user experience.
@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ Creating easy-to-use websites and applications requires a broad range of technic
- Good knowledge of frontend frameworks and libraries, for example, React JS and TailwindCSS.
- Good knowledge of frontend frameworks and libraries, for example, React JS and TailwindCSS.
- Experience with CSS preprocessors for modular and maintainable styling, such as Sass.
- Experience with CSS preprocessors for modular and maintainable styling, such as Sass.
- Experience with browser testing and debugging tools, like Chrome DevTools.
- Experience with browser testing and debugging tools, like Chrome DevTools.
- Proficient understanding of web performance optimization techniques, like lazy loading.
- Proficient understanding of web performance optimization techniques, like lazy loading.
- Experience identifying and fixing performance bottlenecks using tools such as Google PageSpeed Insights.
- Experience identifying and fixing performance bottlenecks using tools such as Google PageSpeed Insights.
- Attention to detail to ensure visually consistent and error-free web applications.
- Attention to detail to ensure visually consistent and error-free web applications.
- Ability to stay up-to-date with emerging technologies like progressive web apps.
- Ability to stay up-to-date with emerging technologies like progressive web apps.
@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ Creating easy-to-use websites and applications requires a broad range of technic
Desirable skills set exceptional frontend web developers apart from the rest. They demonstrate a developer's ability to excel and deliver high-quality results.
Desirable skills set exceptional frontend web developers apart from the rest. They demonstrate a developer's ability to excel and deliver high-quality results.
@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ I'll focus on the essential front-end languages and recommend a few important fr
Before we explore the front end languages, libraries, and frameworks to learn in 2025, it is important to understand what they are and the differences between them.
Before we explore the front end languages, libraries, and frameworks to learn in 2025, it is important to understand what they are and the differences between them.
**Languages** are the core programming languages that developers use to write code. They have defined syntax, semantics, and rules for writing instructions that computers can execute and understand. Examples include:
**Languages** are the core programming languages that developers use to write code. They have defined syntax, semantics, and rules for writing instructions that computers can execute and understand. Examples include:
- JavaScript
- JavaScript
- TypeScript
- TypeScript
@ -76,11 +76,9 @@ These are the best front-end languages you should learn in 2025:
HTML is the standard markup language for creating web pages. It defines the structure and layout of content within a web browser, allowing for the display of text, images, videos, and more that users interact with. HTML is beginner-friendly, supported across multiple browsers, and fundamental to web development.
HTML is the standard markup language for creating web pages. It defines the structure and layout of content within a web browser, allowing for the display of text, images, videos, and more that users interact with. HTML is beginner-friendly, supported across multiple browsers, and fundamental to web development.
HTML depends on languages like CSS and JavaScript to achieve full functionality, and it is mostly limited to web-based projects. Beyond being the backbone of web applications, it also plays an integral role in improving application accessibility, enhancing search engine optimization (SEO), and enabling assistive technologies to interpret and present content accurately.
HTML depends on languages like CSS and JavaScript to achieve full functionality, and it is mostly limited to web-based projects. Beyond being the backbone of web applications, it also plays an integral role in improving application accessibility, enhancing search engine optimization (SEO), and enabling assistive technologies to interpret and present content accurately.
@ -121,7 +119,7 @@ Despite advancements in web technologies, CSS remains a powerful styling tool th
JavaScript is a versatile front end language used in conjunction with HTML and CSS to enhance the interaction of web pages. With features like excellent speed and cross-browser compatibility, JavaScript enables developers to add dynamic elements such as form validation, animations, 2D/3D graphics, dynamic updates to web pages without requiring a page refresh, and other interactive features to web applications.
JavaScript is a versatile front end language used in conjunction with HTML and CSS to enhance the interaction of web pages. With features like excellent speed and cross-browser compatibility, JavaScript enables developers to add dynamic elements such as form validation, animations, 2D/3D graphics, dynamic updates to web pages without requiring a page refresh, and other interactive features to web applications.
JavaScript is essential for web development and has a vast ecosystem of libraries and frameworks for building applications across multiple platforms.
JavaScript is essential for web development and has a vast ecosystem of libraries and frameworks for building applications across multiple platforms.
@ -204,7 +202,6 @@ Swift is primarily designed to support Apple's operating systems and has limited
- It is essential for developing applications within Apple’s ecosystem.
- It is essential for developing applications within Apple’s ecosystem.
- Relatively easy to learn and use, yet powerful for professional native development.
- Relatively easy to learn and use, yet powerful for professional native development.
WebAssembly (or Wasm) is a binary instruction format serving as a compilation target for programming languages, enabling them to run efficiently in web browsers. It empowers developers to write high-performance code in languages like C, [C++](https://roadmap.sh/cpp), and [Rust](https://roadmap.sh/rust), which can then be seamlessly integrated into web applications, enhancing web front-end development capabilities.
WebAssembly (or Wasm) is a binary instruction format serving as a compilation target for programming languages, enabling them to run efficiently in web browsers. It empowers developers to write high-performance code in languages like C, [C++](https://roadmap.sh/cpp), and [Rust](https://roadmap.sh/rust), which can then be seamlessly integrated into web applications, enhancing web front-end development capabilities.
@ -362,6 +360,6 @@ In summary, essential languages to learn in 2025 include HTML for structure, CSS
Furthermore, users' evolving needs will continue to directly impact the approach to front-end development. This evolution will spur the rise of new technologies, libraries, and frameworks and prompt existing technologies to update their solutions. Business requirements will also play a significant role in determining the [choice of technologies during front-end development](https://roadmap.sh/frontend/technologies).
Furthermore, users' evolving needs will continue to directly impact the approach to front-end development. This evolution will spur the rise of new technologies, libraries, and frameworks and prompt existing technologies to update their solutions. Business requirements will also play a significant role in determining the [choice of technologies during front-end development](https://roadmap.sh/frontend/technologies).
Staying informed about these changes is critical, as is knowing the appropriate path to follow when learning or adopting new technology. The [front-end r](https://roadmap.sh/frontend)[oadmap](https://roadmap.sh/frontend) is a reliable source of truth for developers seeking to stay updated and informed about the changes that may arise in front-end development.
Staying informed about these changes is critical, as is knowing the appropriate path to follow when learning or adopting new technology. The [front-end roadmap](https://roadmap.sh/frontend) is a reliable source of truth for developers seeking to stay updated and informed about the changes that may arise in front-end development.
Beyond having access to a reliable roadmap, an essential aspect of learning is monitoring your progress, demonstrating your [skills](https://roadmap.sh/frontend/developer-skills) to potential employers, and joining a supportive community. [Sign up to get started](https://roadmap.sh/signup) on the frontend roadmap while tracking your progress.
Beyond having access to a reliable roadmap, an essential aspect of learning is monitoring your progress, demonstrating your [skills](https://roadmap.sh/frontend/developer-skills) to potential employers, and joining a supportive community. [Sign up to get started](https://roadmap.sh/signup) on the frontend roadmap while tracking your progress.
* **Learning Curve**: Moderate; familiarity with multiple frontend frameworks can be beneficial. Developers need to understand Astro's unique concepts and how it integrates with existing tools.
* **Learning Curve**: Moderate; familiarity with multiple frontend frameworks can be beneficial. Developers need to understand Astro's unique concepts and how it integrates with existing tools.
htmx is a lightweight library that allows frontend developers to add dynamic behavior to their web pages using HTML attributes. It emphasizes simplicity and minimal client-side JavaScript, enabling fast and responsive interactions.
HTMX is a lightweight library that allows frontend developers to add dynamic behavior to their web pages using HTML attributes. It emphasizes simplicity and minimal client-side JavaScript, enabling fast and responsive interactions.
Evaluation:
Evaluation:
@ -276,7 +276,6 @@ Evaluation:
* **Learning Curve**: Flutter uses the Dart programming language, which may require developers to learn new syntax and concepts. However, Flutter's comprehensive documentation and the growing number of learning resources help mitigate the learning curve, making it accessible to developers with a background in object-oriented programming.
* **Learning Curve**: Flutter uses the Dart programming language, which may require developers to learn new syntax and concepts. However, Flutter's comprehensive documentation and the growing number of learning resources help mitigate the learning curve, making it accessible to developers with a background in object-oriented programming.
@ -417,4 +416,4 @@ In 2024, the frontend development landscape is richer than ever giving developer
Selecting the right frontend technologies is a strategic decision that goes beyond merely following trends (in fact, that’s exactly what you **don’t** want to do). It requires a careful alignment with your project's specific requirements, the expertise of your development team, and your long-term goals.
Selecting the right frontend technologies is a strategic decision that goes beyond merely following trends (in fact, that’s exactly what you **don’t** want to do). It requires a careful alignment with your project's specific requirements, the expertise of your development team, and your long-term goals.
Check out our [comprehensive Frontend Roadmap](https://roadmap.sh/frontend) to navigate through essential frontend technologies, tools, and best practices for 2024 and beyond. This roadmap is designed to equip you with the knowledge and [frontend development skills](https://roadmap.sh/frontend/developer-skills) needed to build exceptional, high-performing web applications.
Check out our [comprehensive Frontend Roadmap](https://roadmap.sh/frontend) to navigate through essential frontend technologies, tools, and best practices for 2024 and beyond. This roadmap is designed to equip you with the knowledge and [frontend development skills](https://roadmap.sh/frontend/developer-skills) needed to build exceptional, high-performing web applications.
@ -43,6 +43,7 @@ With that foundation in mind, let's dive into the specific skills you need to ma
Let’s start with the basics: understanding HTTP. HTTP, or HyperText Transfer Protocol, is the foundation of any interaction on the web. It’s what allows clients (like your web browser) and servers to communicate with each other. As a full-stack developer, having a solid grasp of HTTP is crucial for building, debugging, and maintaining web applications. It’s your bread and butter, and you’ll need to internalize it if you hope to become great at your job.
Let’s start with the basics: understanding HTTP. HTTP, or HyperText Transfer Protocol, is the foundation of any interaction on the web. It’s what allows clients (like your web browser) and servers to communicate with each other. As a full-stack developer, having a solid grasp of HTTP is crucial for building, debugging, and maintaining web applications. It’s your bread and butter, and you’ll need to internalize it if you hope to become great at your job.
### Why HTTP Matters for Full Stack Developers?
### Why HTTP Matters for Full Stack Developers?
Without HTTP, the internet as we know it wouldn’t function, it’s that simple. For a full-stack developer, understanding HTTP means you can effectively manage how your frontend communicates with your backend.
Without HTTP, the internet as we know it wouldn’t function, it’s that simple. For a full-stack developer, understanding HTTP means you can effectively manage how your frontend communicates with your backend.
### Key Concepts to understand in HTTP
### Key Concepts to understand in HTTP
@ -86,7 +87,7 @@ JavaScript adds interactivity and dynamic behavior to web pages. In other words,
Modern JavaScript is a key element for full stack development, bringing not just new syntax but powerful tools that make development more efficient and scalable. Mastering this involves understanding how to stay up-to-date with the latest developments in the JS-world, and it also involves technologies such as: npm, build-tools, and bundlers that streamline the development process.
Modern JavaScript is a key element for full stack development, bringing not just new syntax but powerful tools that make development more efficient and scalable. Mastering this involves understanding how to stay up-to-date with the latest developments in the JS-world, and it also involves technologies such as: npm, build-tools, and bundlers that streamline the development process.
@ -115,7 +116,7 @@ Build tools and bundlers to automate many repetitive tasks, optimize performance
## 4. At least One Frontend Framework (React, Vue, Angular)
## 4. At least One Frontend Framework (React, Vue, Angular)
Although HTML, CSS, and JavaScript form the core of front-end development, there are many frameworks and libraries that can significantly enhance your development workflow. Among the most popular front-end frameworks and libraries are React, Vue, and Angular.
Although HTML, CSS, and JavaScript form the core of front-end development, there are many frameworks and libraries that can significantly enhance your development workflow. Among the most popular front-end frameworks and libraries are React, Vue, and Angular.
@ -214,7 +215,7 @@ In the end, like with many other technologies, there is not one single option th
For full stack developers, understanding hosting and infrastructure is essential for deploying and managing their web applications. This involves knowing where to host your applications, how to set up servers, and how to ensure your application runs smoothly and efficiently. Here’s a breakdown of key concepts and services in this area:
For full stack developers, understanding hosting and infrastructure is essential for deploying and managing their web applications. This involves knowing where to host your applications, how to set up servers, and how to ensure your application runs smoothly and efficiently. Here’s a breakdown of key concepts and services in this area:
@ -261,4 +262,4 @@ IaC allows developers to manage and provision computing infrastructure through m
##Conclusion
##Conclusion
Keeping up-to-date with the full set of skills any full stack web developer will need for their job is not easy, given how varied their work might be. That said, the 8 full stack developer skills listed here are more than enough to get you started, and you can keep adding more as you see the need for them.
Keeping up-to-date with the full set of skills any full stack web developer will need for their job is not easy, given how varied their work might be. That said, the 8 full stack developer skills listed here are more than enough to get you started, and you can keep adding more as you see the need for them.
Remember that if you want more details about the roadmap to become a great full stack developer, you have a great resource here: [Full stack developer roadmap](https://roadmap.sh/full-stack).
Remember that if you want more details about the roadmap to become a great full stack developer, you have a great resource here: [Full stack developer roadmap](https://roadmap.sh/full-stack).
@ -117,13 +117,13 @@ In full stack development, [**DevOps skills**] are highly valuable. A basic unde
In full stack development, proficiency in automated testing and debugging is essential for identifying and resolving bugs in both frontend and backend code. Moreover, a strong grasp of caching techniques and technologies such as Redis can significantly enhance application performance and improve the overall user experience.
In full stack development, proficiency in automated testing and debugging is essential for identifying and resolving bugs in both frontend and backend code. Moreover, a strong grasp of caching techniques and technologies such as Redis can significantly enhance application performance and improve the overall user experience.
### Soft skills
### Soft skills
While technical skills are essential, full stack engineers must also possess a strong soft skill set. Full stack developers must have good communication skills (written and spoken), organization skills, and the ability to collaborate effectively with other team members to ensure the project's success.
While technical skills are essential, full stack engineers must also possess a strong soft skill set. Full stack developers must have good communication skills (written and spoken), organization skills, and the ability to collaborate effectively with other team members to ensure the project's success.
## Additional skills to consider when hiring full stack engineers
## Additional skills to consider when hiring full stack engineers
@ -151,7 +151,6 @@ Frameworks, libraries, design principles, and so on will continue to evolve. Ful
Working on multiple projects simultaneously is inevitable. Full stack engineer candidates should have a basic understanding of project management principles and methodologies like Agile and Scrum. Additionally, they should be able to manage their time, prioritize tasks, and meet deadlines.
Working on multiple projects simultaneously is inevitable. Full stack engineer candidates should have a basic understanding of project management principles and methodologies like Agile and Scrum. Additionally, they should be able to manage their time, prioritize tasks, and meet deadlines.
## Community and networking
## Community and networking
As a hiring manager looking for a full stack developer, you should seek candidates who actively participate in developer communities, attend meetups, contribute to open-source projects, and join hackathons. This shows that they have a growth mindset, can easily unblock themselves by leveraging community engagement, and can increase their skills.
As a hiring manager looking for a full stack developer, you should seek candidates who actively participate in developer communities, attend meetups, contribute to open-source projects, and join hackathons. This shows that they have a growth mindset, can easily unblock themselves by leveraging community engagement, and can increase their skills.
@ -156,6 +156,7 @@ Full stack and backend development share several similarities as they both work
- Collaborate with other team members and business stakeholders to ensure project success.
- Collaborate with other team members and business stakeholders to ensure project success.
- Both handle errors, edge cases, and other difficult technical aspects of the application.
- Both handle errors, edge cases, and other difficult technical aspects of the application.
- Both are involved in designing and architecting scalable systems.
- Both are involved in designing and architecting scalable systems.
## Web development in the modern era: Full stack vs Backend
## Web development in the modern era: Full stack vs Backend
While the web's possibilities are exciting and fascinating, they have also changed the roles and responsibilities of developers building applications for it. Let's consider the points below as a case study of how these changes might affect full stack and backend development:
While the web's possibilities are exciting and fascinating, they have also changed the roles and responsibilities of developers building applications for it. Let's consider the points below as a case study of how these changes might affect full stack and backend development:
@ -180,4 +181,4 @@ The new possibilities offered by the web will undoubtedly reshape job descriptio
The possibilities offered by the web, coupled with evolving business requirements, require developers to upskill and stay updated continuously with the latest changes. A reliable source of truth is important for this journey. The [full](https://roadmap.sh/full-stack) [](https://roadmap.sh/full-stack)[stack development](https://roadmap.sh/full-stack) and [backend development](https://roadmap.sh/backend) roadmap are valuable resources for experienced and beginner developers looking to explore a career in web development.
The possibilities offered by the web, coupled with evolving business requirements, require developers to upskill and stay updated continuously with the latest changes. A reliable source of truth is important for this journey. The [full](https://roadmap.sh/full-stack) [](https://roadmap.sh/full-stack)[stack development](https://roadmap.sh/full-stack) and [backend development](https://roadmap.sh/backend) roadmap are valuable resources for experienced and beginner developers looking to explore a career in web development.
Additionally, these roadmaps allow you to track your progress, showcase your skills to potential employers, and become [part of a supportive communit](https://discord.com/invite/cJpEt5Qbwa)[y](https://discord.com/invite/cJpEt5Qbwa).
Additionally, these roadmaps allow you to track your progress, showcase your skills to potential employers, and become [part of a supportive community](https://discord.com/invite/cJpEt5Qbwa)
@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ You might be wondering which specialization you should pursue, either being a fu
Full-stack developers have broad expertise. Full-stack developers are experts in both front-end and back end development. The opposite is the case for software engineers in practice. Software engineers specialize in a particular field and thus typically have a deeper, more specialized knowledge.
Full-stack developers have broad expertise. Full-stack developers are experts in both front-end and back end development. The opposite is the case for software engineers in practice. Software engineers specialize in a particular field and thus typically have a deeper, more specialized knowledge.
A software engineer could focus on only front-end development and have extensive knowledge of that aspect while a full-stack developer focuses on the overall software lifecycle.
A software engineer could focus on only front-end development and have extensive knowledge of that aspect while a full-stack developer focuses on the overall software lifecycle.
### Accessibility and entry point
### Accessibility and entry point
Two major pathways exist to becoming a full-stack developer or software engineer: self-taught and a formal education with a degree.
Two major pathways exist to becoming a full-stack developer or software engineer: self-taught and a formal education with a degree.
@ -208,8 +208,8 @@ Experience and expertise are key factors that determine the salaries of full sta
As you’ve seen, becoming a full stack developer requires various skill sets. roadmap.sh provides a step-by-step guide on how to become a [full-stack programmer or developer](https://roadmap.sh/full-stack), and by signing up, you will be able to:
As you’ve seen, becoming a full stack developer requires various skill sets. roadmap.sh provides a step-by-step guide on how to become a [full-stack programmer or developer](https://roadmap.sh/full-stack), and by signing up, you will be able to:
- Keep track of your learning progress and share it on your public roadmap.sh profile.
- Keep track of your learning progress and share it on your public roadmap.sh profile.
- Draw your roadmap, either as an individual learner or for [Dev](https://roadmap.sh/teams) [t](https://roadmap.sh/teams)[eams](https://roadmap.sh/teams).
- Draw your roadmap, either as an individual learner or for [Devteams](https://roadmap.sh/teams).
- [Generate new roadmaps with AI](https://roadmap.sh/ai).
- [Generate new roadmaps with AI](https://roadmap.sh/ai).
- Collaborate on official roadmaps.
- Collaborate on official roadmaps.
Recall that a software engineer, as defined above, specializes in different areas in the software development cycle and possesses a thorough knowledge of coding languages and engineering principles. roadmap.sh provides learning paths for various software engineering specializations. You can also sign up for [computer science](https://roadmap.sh/computer-science), [data structures and algorithms,](https://roadmap.sh/datastructures-and-algorithms) [software design and architecture](https://roadmap.sh/software-design-architecture), and [system design](https://roadmap.sh/system-design) roadmaps.
Recall that a software engineer, as defined above, specializes in different areas in the software development cycle and possesses a thorough knowledge of coding languages and engineering principles. roadmap.sh provides learning paths for various software engineering specializations. You can also sign up for [computer science](https://roadmap.sh/computer-science), [data structures and algorithms,](https://roadmap.sh/datastructures-and-algorithms) [software design and architecture](https://roadmap.sh/software-design-architecture), and [system design](https://roadmap.sh/system-design) roadmaps.
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