diff --git a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/config.yml b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/config.yml
index 9c67fc21a..c4eead132 100644
--- a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/config.yml
+++ b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/config.yml
@@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
 blank_issues_enabled: false
 contact_links:
   - name: ✋ ​ ​Roadmap Request
-    url: https://discord.gg/cJpEt5Qbwa
+    url: https://discord.gg/ZrSpJ8zH
     about: Please do not open issues with roadmap requests, hop onto the discord server for that.
   - name: 📝 ​ ​Typo or Grammatical Mistake
     url: https://github.com/kamranahmedse/developer-roadmap/tree/master/src/data
     about: Please submit a pull request instead of reporting it as an issue.
   - name: 💬 ​ ​Chat on Discord
-    url: https://discord.gg/cJpEt5Qbwa
+    url: https://discord.gg/ZrSpJ8zH
     about: Join the community on our Discord server.
   - name: 🤝 ​ ​Guidance
-    url: https://discord.gg/cJpEt5Qbwa
+    url: https://discord.gg/ZrSpJ8zH
     about: Join the community in our Discord server.
diff --git a/.github/workflows/refresh-roadmap-content-json.yml b/.github/workflows/refresh-roadmap-content-json.yml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..04ee6235f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/refresh-roadmap-content-json.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+name: Refreshes roadmap content JSON
+
+on:
+  workflow_dispatch: # allow manual run
+  schedule:
+    - cron: '0 0 * * *' # every day at midnight
+
+jobs:
+  upgrade-deps:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+
+      - name: Setup pnpm
+        uses: pnpm/action-setup@v4
+        with:
+          version: 9
+          run_install: false
+
+      - name: Setup Node.js
+        uses: actions/setup-node@v4
+        with:
+          node-version: 18
+          cache: 'pnpm'
+
+      - name: Install dependencies and generate content JSON
+        run: |
+          pnpm install
+          npm run generate:roadmap-content-json
+      - name: Create PR
+        uses: peter-evans/create-pull-request@v4
+        with:
+          delete-branch: false
+          branch: "chore/update-content-json"
+          base: "master"
+          labels: |
+            dependencies
+            automated pr
+          reviewers: kamranahmedse,arikchakma
+          commit-message: "chore: update roadmap content json"
+          title: "Update roadmap content json"
+          body: |
+            Updates the roadmap content JSON files in the `public` folder.
+            Please review the changes and merge if everything looks good.
diff --git a/package-lock.json b/package-lock.json
index 8bd87ca84..edfa07c9d 100644
--- a/package-lock.json
+++ b/package-lock.json
@@ -9,66 +9,68 @@
       "version": "1.0.0",
       "dependencies": {
         "@astrojs/node": "^8.3.2",
-        "@astrojs/react": "^3.6.0",
+        "@astrojs/react": "^3.6.1",
         "@astrojs/sitemap": "^3.1.6",
         "@astrojs/tailwind": "^5.1.0",
-        "@fingerprintjs/fingerprintjs": "^4.4.1",
+        "@fingerprintjs/fingerprintjs": "^4.4.3",
         "@nanostores/react": "^0.7.2",
         "@napi-rs/image": "^1.9.2",
         "@resvg/resvg-js": "^2.6.2",
         "@types/react": "^18.3.3",
         "@types/react-dom": "^18.3.0",
-        "astro": "^4.11.3",
+        "astro": "^4.13.0",
         "clsx": "^2.1.1",
-        "dayjs": "^1.11.11",
+        "dayjs": "^1.11.12",
         "dom-to-image": "^2.6.0",
         "dracula-prism": "^2.1.16",
         "gray-matter": "^4.0.3",
         "htm": "^3.1.1",
         "image-size": "^1.1.1",
-        "jose": "^5.6.2",
+        "jose": "^5.6.3",
         "js-cookie": "^3.0.5",
-        "lucide-react": "^0.399.0",
+        "lucide-react": "^0.419.0",
         "nanoid": "^5.0.7",
         "nanostores": "^0.10.3",
         "node-html-parser": "^6.1.13",
-        "npm-check-updates": "^16.14.20",
-        "playwright": "^1.45.0",
+        "npm-check-updates": "^17.0.0",
+        "playwright": "^1.45.3",
         "prismjs": "^1.29.0",
         "react": "^18.3.1",
         "react-calendar-heatmap": "^1.9.0",
         "react-confetti": "^6.1.0",
         "react-dom": "^18.3.1",
-        "react-tooltip": "^5.27.0",
+        "react-tooltip": "^5.27.1",
         "reactflow": "^11.11.4",
         "rehype-external-links": "^3.0.0",
         "remark-parse": "^11.0.0",
         "roadmap-renderer": "^1.0.6",
-        "satori": "^0.10.13",
+        "satori": "^0.10.14",
         "satori-html": "^0.3.2",
         "sharp": "^0.33.4",
         "slugify": "^1.6.6",
-        "tailwind-merge": "^2.3.0",
-        "tailwindcss": "^3.4.4",
+        "tailwind-merge": "^2.4.0",
+        "tailwindcss": "^3.4.7",
+        "turndown": "^7.2.0",
         "unified": "^11.0.5",
         "zustand": "^4.5.4"
       },
       "devDependencies": {
-        "@playwright/test": "^1.45.0",
+        "@playwright/test": "^1.45.3",
         "@tailwindcss/typography": "^0.5.13",
         "@types/dom-to-image": "^2.6.7",
         "@types/js-cookie": "^3.0.6",
         "@types/prismjs": "^1.26.4",
         "@types/react-calendar-heatmap": "^1.6.7",
+        "@types/turndown": "^5.0.5",
         "csv-parser": "^3.0.0",
         "gh-pages": "^6.1.1",
         "js-yaml": "^4.1.0",
         "markdown-it": "^14.1.0",
-        "openai": "^4.52.2",
-        "prettier": "^3.3.2",
-        "prettier-plugin-astro": "^0.14.0",
+        "openai": "^4.53.2",
+        "prettier": "^3.3.3",
+        "prettier-plugin-astro": "^0.14.1",
         "prettier-plugin-tailwindcss": "^0.6.5",
-        "tsx": "^4.16.0"
+        "tsx": "^4.16.5"
       }
     },
     "node_modules/@alloc/quick-lru": {
@@ -95,9 +97,9 @@
       }
     },
     "node_modules/@astrojs/compiler": {
-      "version": "2.9.2",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@astrojs/compiler/-/compiler-2.9.2.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-Vpu0Ffsj8SoV+N0DFHlxxOMKHwSC9059Xy/OlG1t6uFYSoJXxkBC2WyF6igO7x10V+8uJrhOxaXr3nA90kJXow=="
+      "version": "2.10.3",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@astrojs/compiler/-/compiler-2.10.3.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-bL/O7YBxsFt55YHU021oL+xz+B/9HvGNId3F9xURN16aeqDK9juHGktdkCSXz+U4nqFACq6ZFvWomOzhV+zfPw=="
     },
     "node_modules/@astrojs/internal-helpers": {
       "version": "0.4.1",
@@ -153,9 +155,9 @@
       }
     },
     "node_modules/@astrojs/react": {
-      "version": "3.6.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@astrojs/react/-/react-3.6.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-YGLxy5jCU9xKG/HAvYsWMcvrQVIhqVe0Sda3Z5UtP32rfXeG6B9J1xQvnx+kRSFTpIrj+7AwPSDSehLbCHJ56w==",
+      "version": "3.6.2",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@astrojs/react/-/react-3.6.2.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-fK29lYI7zK/KG4ZBy956x4dmauZcZ18osFkuyGa8r3gmmCQa2NZ9XNu9WaVYEUm0j89f4Gii4tbxLoyM8nk2MA==",
       "dependencies": {
         "@vitejs/plugin-react": "^4.3.1",
         "ultrahtml": "^1.5.3"
@@ -224,28 +226,28 @@
       }
     },
     "node_modules/@babel/compat-data": {
-      "version": "7.24.9",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/compat-data/-/compat-data-7.24.9.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-e701mcfApCJqMMueQI0Fb68Amflj83+dvAvHawoBpAz+GDjCIyGHzNwnefjsWJ3xiYAqqiQFoWbspGYBdb2/ng==",
+      "version": "7.25.2",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/compat-data/-/compat-data-7.25.2.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-bYcppcpKBvX4znYaPEeFau03bp89ShqNMLs+rmdptMw+heSZh9+z84d2YG+K7cYLbWwzdjtDoW/uqZmPjulClQ==",
       "engines": {
         "node": ">=6.9.0"
       }
     },
     "node_modules/@babel/core": {
-      "version": "7.24.9",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/core/-/core-7.24.9.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-5e3FI4Q3M3Pbr21+5xJwCv6ZT6KmGkI0vw3Tozy5ODAQFTIWe37iT8Cr7Ice2Ntb+M3iSKCEWMB1MBgKrW3whg==",
+      "version": "7.25.2",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/core/-/core-7.25.2.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-BBt3opiCOxUr9euZ5/ro/Xv8/V7yJ5bjYMqG/C1YAo8MIKAnumZalCN+msbci3Pigy4lIQfPUpfMM27HMGaYEA==",
       "dependencies": {
         "@ampproject/remapping": "^2.2.0",
         "@babel/code-frame": "^7.24.7",
-        "@babel/generator": "^7.24.9",
-        "@babel/helper-compilation-targets": "^7.24.8",
-        "@babel/helper-module-transforms": "^7.24.9",
-        "@babel/helpers": "^7.24.8",
-        "@babel/parser": "^7.24.8",
-        "@babel/template": "^7.24.7",
-        "@babel/traverse": "^7.24.8",
-        "@babel/types": "^7.24.9",
+        "@babel/generator": "^7.25.0",
+        "@babel/helper-compilation-targets": "^7.25.2",
+        "@babel/helper-module-transforms": "^7.25.2",
+        "@babel/helpers": "^7.25.0",
+        "@babel/parser": "^7.25.0",
+        "@babel/template": "^7.25.0",
+        "@babel/traverse": "^7.25.2",
+        "@babel/types": "^7.25.2",
         "convert-source-map": "^2.0.0",
         "debug": "^4.1.0",
         "gensync": "^1.0.0-beta.2",
@@ -261,11 +263,11 @@
       }
     },
     "node_modules/@babel/generator": {
-      "version": "7.24.10",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/generator/-/generator-7.24.10.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-o9HBZL1G2129luEUlG1hB4N/nlYNWHnpwlND9eOMclRqqu1YDy2sSYVCFUZwl8I1Gxh+QSRrP2vD7EpUmFVXxg==",
+      "version": "7.25.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/generator/-/generator-7.25.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-3LEEcj3PVW8pW2R1SR1M89g/qrYk/m/mB/tLqn7dn4sbBUQyTqnlod+II2U4dqiGtUmkcnAmkMDralTFZttRiw==",
       "dependencies": {
-        "@babel/types": "^7.24.9",
+        "@babel/types": "^7.25.0",
         "@jridgewell/gen-mapping": "^0.3.5",
         "@jridgewell/trace-mapping": "^0.3.25",
         "jsesc": "^2.5.1"
@@ -286,11 +288,11 @@
       }
     },
     "node_modules/@babel/helper-compilation-targets": {
-      "version": "7.24.8",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/helper-compilation-targets/-/helper-compilation-targets-7.24.8.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-oU+UoqCHdp+nWVDkpldqIQL/i/bvAv53tRqLG/s+cOXxe66zOYLU7ar/Xs3LdmBihrUMEUhwu6dMZwbNOYDwvw==",
+      "version": "7.25.2",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/helper-compilation-targets/-/helper-compilation-targets-7.25.2.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-U2U5LsSaZ7TAt3cfaymQ8WHh0pxvdHoEk6HVpaexxixjyEquMh0L0YNJNM6CTGKMXV1iksi0iZkGw4AcFkPaaw==",
       "dependencies": {
-        "@babel/compat-data": "^7.24.8",
+        "@babel/compat-data": "^7.25.2",
         "@babel/helper-validator-option": "^7.24.8",
         "browserslist": "^4.23.1",
         "lru-cache": "^5.1.1",
@@ -300,40 +302,6 @@
         "node": ">=6.9.0"
       }
     },
-    "node_modules/@babel/helper-environment-visitor": {
-      "version": "7.24.7",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/helper-environment-visitor/-/helper-environment-visitor-7.24.7.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-DoiN84+4Gnd0ncbBOM9AZENV4a5ZiL39HYMyZJGZ/AZEykHYdJw0wW3kdcsh9/Kn+BRXHLkkklZ51ecPKmI1CQ==",
-      "dependencies": {
-        "@babel/types": "^7.24.7"
-      },
-      "engines": {
-        "node": ">=6.9.0"
-      }
-    },
-    "node_modules/@babel/helper-function-name": {
-      "version": "7.24.7",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/helper-function-name/-/helper-function-name-7.24.7.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-FyoJTsj/PEUWu1/TYRiXTIHc8lbw+TDYkZuoE43opPS5TrI7MyONBE1oNvfguEXAD9yhQRrVBnXdXzSLQl9XnA==",
-      "dependencies": {
-        "@babel/template": "^7.24.7",
-        "@babel/types": "^7.24.7"
-      },
-      "engines": {
-        "node": ">=6.9.0"
-      }
-    },
-    "node_modules/@babel/helper-hoist-variables": {
-      "version": "7.24.7",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/helper-hoist-variables/-/helper-hoist-variables-7.24.7.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-MJJwhkoGy5c4ehfoRyrJ/owKeMl19U54h27YYftT0o2teQ3FJ3nQUf/I3LlJsX4l3qlw7WRXUmiyajvHXoTubQ==",
-      "dependencies": {
-        "@babel/types": "^7.24.7"
-      },
-      "engines": {
-        "node": ">=6.9.0"
-      }
-    },
     "node_modules/@babel/helper-module-imports": {
       "version": "7.24.7",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/helper-module-imports/-/helper-module-imports-7.24.7.tgz",
@@ -347,15 +315,14 @@
       }
     },
     "node_modules/@babel/helper-module-transforms": {
-      "version": "7.24.9",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/helper-module-transforms/-/helper-module-transforms-7.24.9.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-oYbh+rtFKj/HwBQkFlUzvcybzklmVdVV3UU+mN7n2t/q3yGHbuVdNxyFvSBO1tfvjyArpHNcWMAzsSPdyI46hw==",
+      "version": "7.25.2",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/helper-module-transforms/-/helper-module-transforms-7.25.2.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-BjyRAbix6j/wv83ftcVJmBt72QtHI56C7JXZoG2xATiLpmoC7dpd8WnkikExHDVPpi/3qCmO6WY1EaXOluiecQ==",
       "dependencies": {
-        "@babel/helper-environment-visitor": "^7.24.7",
         "@babel/helper-module-imports": "^7.24.7",
         "@babel/helper-simple-access": "^7.24.7",
-        "@babel/helper-split-export-declaration": "^7.24.7",
-        "@babel/helper-validator-identifier": "^7.24.7"
+        "@babel/helper-validator-identifier": "^7.24.7",
+        "@babel/traverse": "^7.25.2"
       },
       "engines": {
         "node": ">=6.9.0"
@@ -384,17 +351,6 @@
         "node": ">=6.9.0"
       }
     },
-    "node_modules/@babel/helper-split-export-declaration": {
-      "version": "7.24.7",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/helper-split-export-declaration/-/helper-split-export-declaration-7.24.7.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-oy5V7pD+UvfkEATUKvIjvIAH/xCzfsFVw7ygW2SI6NClZzquT+mwdTfgfdbUiceh6iQO0CHtCPsyze/MZ2YbAA==",
-      "dependencies": {
-        "@babel/types": "^7.24.7"
-      },
-      "engines": {
-        "node": ">=6.9.0"
-      }
-    },
     "node_modules/@babel/helper-string-parser": {
       "version": "7.24.8",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/helper-string-parser/-/helper-string-parser-7.24.8.tgz",
@@ -420,12 +376,12 @@
       }
     },
     "node_modules/@babel/helpers": {
-      "version": "7.24.8",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/helpers/-/helpers-7.24.8.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-gV2265Nkcz7weJJfvDoAEVzC1e2OTDpkGbEsebse8koXUJUXPsCMi7sRo/+SPMuMZ9MtUPnGwITTnQnU5YjyaQ==",
+      "version": "7.25.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/helpers/-/helpers-7.25.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-MjgLZ42aCm0oGjJj8CtSM3DB8NOOf8h2l7DCTePJs29u+v7yO/RBX9nShlKMgFnRks/Q4tBAe7Hxnov9VkGwLw==",
       "dependencies": {
-        "@babel/template": "^7.24.7",
-        "@babel/types": "^7.24.8"
+        "@babel/template": "^7.25.0",
+        "@babel/types": "^7.25.0"
       },
       "engines": {
         "node": ">=6.9.0"
@@ -446,9 +402,12 @@
       }
     },
     "node_modules/@babel/parser": {
-      "version": "7.24.8",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/parser/-/parser-7.24.8.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-WzfbgXOkGzZiXXCqk43kKwZjzwx4oulxZi3nq2TYL9mOjQv6kYwul9mz6ID36njuL7Xkp6nJEfok848Zj10j/w==",
+      "version": "7.25.3",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/parser/-/parser-7.25.3.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-iLTJKDbJ4hMvFPgQwwsVoxtHyWpKKPBrxkANrSYewDPaPpT5py5yeVkgPIJ7XYXhndxJpaA3PyALSXQ7u8e/Dw==",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "@babel/types": "^7.25.2"
+      },
       "bin": {
         "parser": "bin/babel-parser.js"
       },
@@ -471,15 +430,15 @@
       }
     },
     "node_modules/@babel/plugin-transform-react-jsx": {
-      "version": "7.24.7",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/plugin-transform-react-jsx/-/plugin-transform-react-jsx-7.24.7.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-+Dj06GDZEFRYvclU6k4bme55GKBEWUmByM/eoKuqg4zTNQHiApWRhQph5fxQB2wAEFvRzL1tOEj1RJ19wJrhoA==",
+      "version": "7.25.2",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/plugin-transform-react-jsx/-/plugin-transform-react-jsx-7.25.2.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-KQsqEAVBpU82NM/B/N9j9WOdphom1SZH3R+2V7INrQUH+V9EBFwZsEJl8eBIVeQE62FxJCc70jzEZwqU7RcVqA==",
       "dependencies": {
         "@babel/helper-annotate-as-pure": "^7.24.7",
         "@babel/helper-module-imports": "^7.24.7",
-        "@babel/helper-plugin-utils": "^7.24.7",
+        "@babel/helper-plugin-utils": "^7.24.8",
         "@babel/plugin-syntax-jsx": "^7.24.7",
-        "@babel/types": "^7.24.7"
+        "@babel/types": "^7.25.2"
       },
       "engines": {
         "node": ">=6.9.0"
@@ -517,31 +476,28 @@
       }
     },
     "node_modules/@babel/template": {
-      "version": "7.24.7",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/template/-/template-7.24.7.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-jYqfPrU9JTF0PmPy1tLYHW4Mp4KlgxJD9l2nP9fD6yT/ICi554DmrWBAEYpIelzjHf1msDP3PxJIRt/nFNfBig==",
+      "version": "7.25.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/template/-/template-7.25.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-aOOgh1/5XzKvg1jvVz7AVrx2piJ2XBi227DHmbY6y+bM9H2FlN+IfecYu4Xl0cNiiVejlsCri89LUsbj8vJD9Q==",
       "dependencies": {
         "@babel/code-frame": "^7.24.7",
-        "@babel/parser": "^7.24.7",
-        "@babel/types": "^7.24.7"
+        "@babel/parser": "^7.25.0",
+        "@babel/types": "^7.25.0"
       },
       "engines": {
         "node": ">=6.9.0"
       }
     },
     "node_modules/@babel/traverse": {
-      "version": "7.24.8",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/traverse/-/traverse-7.24.8.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-t0P1xxAPzEDcEPmjprAQq19NWum4K0EQPjMwZQZbHt+GiZqvjCHjj755Weq1YRPVzBI+3zSfvScfpnuIecVFJQ==",
+      "version": "7.25.3",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/traverse/-/traverse-7.25.3.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-HefgyP1x754oGCsKmV5reSmtV7IXj/kpaE1XYY+D9G5PvKKoFfSbiS4M77MdjuwlZKDIKFCffq9rPU+H/s3ZdQ==",
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         "browserslist": ">= 4.21.0"
       }
     },
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-      "version": "6.0.2",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/update-notifier/-/update-notifier-6.0.2.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-EDxhTEVPZZRLWYcJ4ZXjGFN0oP7qYvbXWzEgRm/Yql4dHX5wDbvh89YHP6PK1lzZJYrMtXUuZZz8XGK+U6U1og==",
-      "dependencies": {
-        "boxen": "^7.0.0",
-        "chalk": "^5.0.1",
-        "configstore": "^6.0.0",
-        "has-yarn": "^3.0.0",
-        "import-lazy": "^4.0.0",
-        "is-ci": "^3.0.1",
-        "is-installed-globally": "^0.4.0",
-        "is-npm": "^6.0.0",
-        "is-yarn-global": "^0.4.0",
-        "latest-version": "^7.0.0",
-        "pupa": "^3.1.0",
-        "semver": "^7.3.7",
-        "semver-diff": "^4.0.0",
-        "xdg-basedir": "^5.1.0"
-      },
-      "engines": {
-        "node": ">=14.16"
-      },
-      "funding": {
-        "url": "https://github.com/yeoman/update-notifier?sponsor=1"
-      }
-    },
-    "node_modules/update-notifier/node_modules/chalk": {
-      "version": "5.3.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/chalk/-/chalk-5.3.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-dLitG79d+GV1Nb/VYcCDFivJeK1hiukt9QjRNVOsUtTy1rR1YJsmpGGTZ3qJos+uw7WmWF4wUwBd9jxjocFC2w==",
-      "engines": {
-        "node": "^12.17.0 || ^14.13 || >=16.0.0"
-      },
-      "funding": {
-        "url": "https://github.com/chalk/chalk?sponsor=1"
-      }
-    },
-    "node_modules/update-notifier/node_modules/semver": {
-      "version": "7.6.3",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/semver/-/semver-7.6.3.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-oVekP1cKtI+CTDvHWYFUcMtsK/00wmAEfyqKfNdARm8u1wNVhSgaX7A8d4UuIlUI5e84iEwOhs7ZPYRmzU9U6A==",
-      "bin": {
-        "semver": "bin/semver.js"
-      },
-      "engines": {
-        "node": ">=10"
-      }
-    },
     "node_modules/use-sync-external-store": {
       "version": "1.2.0",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/use-sync-external-store/-/use-sync-external-store-1.2.0.tgz",
@@ -11488,23 +8963,6 @@
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/util-deprecate/-/util-deprecate-1.0.2.tgz",
       "integrity": "sha512-EPD5q1uXyFxJpCrLnCc1nHnq3gOa6DZBocAIiI2TaSCA7VCJ1UJDMagCzIkXNsUYfD1daK//LTEQ8xiIbrHtcw=="
     },
-    "node_modules/validate-npm-package-license": {
-      "version": "3.0.4",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/validate-npm-package-license/-/validate-npm-package-license-3.0.4.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-DpKm2Ui/xN7/HQKCtpZxoRWBhZ9Z0kqtygG8XCgNQ8ZlDnxuQmWhj566j8fN4Cu3/JmbhsDo7fcAJq4s9h27Ew==",
-      "dependencies": {
-        "spdx-correct": "^3.0.0",
-        "spdx-expression-parse": "^3.0.0"
-      }
-    },
-    "node_modules/validate-npm-package-name": {
-      "version": "5.0.1",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/validate-npm-package-name/-/validate-npm-package-name-5.0.1.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-OljLrQ9SQdOUqTaQxqL5dEfZWrXExyyWsozYlAWFawPVNuD83igl7uJD2RTkNMbniIYgt8l81eCJGIdQF7avLQ==",
-      "engines": {
-        "node": "^14.17.0 || ^16.13.0 || >=18.0.0"
-      }
-    },
     "node_modules/vfile": {
       "version": "6.0.2",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/vfile/-/vfile-6.0.2.tgz",
@@ -11546,12 +9004,12 @@
       }
     },
     "node_modules/vite": {
-      "version": "5.3.4",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/vite/-/vite-5.3.4.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-Cw+7zL3ZG9/NZBB8C+8QbQZmR54GwqIz+WMI4b3JgdYJvX+ny9AjJXqkGQlDXSXRP9rP0B4tbciRMOVEKulVOA==",
+      "version": "5.4.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/vite/-/vite-5.4.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-5xokfMX0PIiwCMCMb9ZJcMyh5wbBun0zUzKib+L65vAZ8GY9ePZMXxFrHbr/Kyll2+LSCY7xtERPpxkBDKngwg==",
       "dependencies": {
         "esbuild": "^0.21.3",
-        "postcss": "^8.4.39",
+        "postcss": "^8.4.40",
         "rollup": "^4.13.0"
       },
       "bin": {
@@ -11571,6 +9029,7 @@
         "less": "*",
         "lightningcss": "^1.21.0",
         "sass": "*",
+        "sass-embedded": "*",
         "stylus": "*",
         "sugarss": "*",
         "terser": "^5.4.0"
@@ -11588,6 +9047,9 @@
         "sass": {
           "optional": true
         },
+        "sass-embedded": {
+          "optional": true
+        },
         "stylus": {
           "optional": true
         },
@@ -11621,15 +9083,6 @@
         "url": "https://github.com/sponsors/wooorm"
       }
     },
-    "node_modules/web-streams-polyfill": {
-      "version": "3.3.3",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/web-streams-polyfill/-/web-streams-polyfill-3.3.3.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-d2JWLCivmZYTSIoge9MsgFCZrt571BikcWGYkjC1khllbTeDlGqZ2D8vD8E/lJa8WGWbb7Plm8/XJYV7IJHZZw==",
-      "dev": true,
-      "engines": {
-        "node": ">= 8"
-      }
-    },
     "node_modules/webidl-conversions": {
       "version": "3.0.1",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/webidl-conversions/-/webidl-conversions-3.0.1.tgz",
@@ -11679,51 +9132,6 @@
         "node": ">=4"
       }
     },
-    "node_modules/wide-align": {
-      "version": "1.1.5",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/wide-align/-/wide-align-1.1.5.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-eDMORYaPNZ4sQIuuYPDHdQvf4gyCF9rEEV/yPxGfwPkRodwEgiMUUXTx/dex+Me0wxx53S+NgUHaP7y3MGlDmg==",
-      "dependencies": {
-        "string-width": "^1.0.2 || 2 || 3 || 4"
-      }
-    },
-    "node_modules/wide-align/node_modules/ansi-regex": {
-      "version": "5.0.1",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/ansi-regex/-/ansi-regex-5.0.1.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-quJQXlTSUGL2LH9SUXo8VwsY4soanhgo6LNSm84E1LBcE8s3O0wpdiRzyR9z/ZZJMlMWv37qOOb9pdJlMUEKFQ==",
-      "engines": {
-        "node": ">=8"
-      }
-    },
-    "node_modules/wide-align/node_modules/emoji-regex": {
-      "version": "8.0.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/emoji-regex/-/emoji-regex-8.0.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-MSjYzcWNOA0ewAHpz0MxpYFvwg6yjy1NG3xteoqz644VCo/RPgnr1/GGt+ic3iJTzQ8Eu3TdM14SawnVUmGE6A=="
-    },
-    "node_modules/wide-align/node_modules/string-width": {
-      "version": "4.2.3",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/string-width/-/string-width-4.2.3.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-wKyQRQpjJ0sIp62ErSZdGsjMJWsap5oRNihHhu6G7JVO/9jIB6UyevL+tXuOqrng8j/cxKTWyWUwvSTriiZz/g==",
-      "dependencies": {
-        "emoji-regex": "^8.0.0",
-        "is-fullwidth-code-point": "^3.0.0",
-        "strip-ansi": "^6.0.1"
-      },
-      "engines": {
-        "node": ">=8"
-      }
-    },
-    "node_modules/wide-align/node_modules/strip-ansi": {
-      "version": "6.0.1",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/strip-ansi/-/strip-ansi-6.0.1.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-Y38VPSHcqkFrCpFnQ9vuSXmquuv5oXOKpGeT6aGrr3o3Gc9AlVa6JBfUSOCnbxGGZF+/0ooI7KrPuUSztUdU5A==",
-      "dependencies": {
-        "ansi-regex": "^5.0.1"
-      },
-      "engines": {
-        "node": ">=8"
-      }
-    },
     "node_modules/widest-line": {
       "version": "4.0.1",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/widest-line/-/widest-line-4.0.1.tgz",
@@ -11894,34 +9302,8 @@
     "node_modules/wrappy": {
       "version": "1.0.2",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/wrappy/-/wrappy-1.0.2.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-l4Sp/DRseor9wL6EvV2+TuQn63dMkPjZ/sp9XkghTEbV9KlPS1xUsZ3u7/IQO4wxtcFB4bgpQPRcR3QCvezPcQ=="
-    },
-    "node_modules/write-file-atomic": {
-      "version": "3.0.3",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/write-file-atomic/-/write-file-atomic-3.0.3.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-AvHcyZ5JnSfq3ioSyjrBkH9yW4m7Ayk8/9My/DD9onKeu/94fwrMocemO2QAJFAlnnDN+ZDS+ZjAR5ua1/PV/Q==",
-      "dependencies": {
-        "imurmurhash": "^0.1.4",
-        "is-typedarray": "^1.0.0",
-        "signal-exit": "^3.0.2",
-        "typedarray-to-buffer": "^3.1.5"
-      }
-    },
-    "node_modules/write-file-atomic/node_modules/signal-exit": {
-      "version": "3.0.7",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/signal-exit/-/signal-exit-3.0.7.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-wnD2ZE+l+SPC/uoS0vXeE9L1+0wuaMqKlfz9AMUo38JsyLSBWSFcHR1Rri62LZc12vLr1gb3jl7iwQhgwpAbGQ=="
-    },
-    "node_modules/xdg-basedir": {
-      "version": "5.1.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/xdg-basedir/-/xdg-basedir-5.1.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-GCPAHLvrIH13+c0SuacwvRYj2SxJXQ4kaVTT5xgL3kPrz56XxkF21IGhjSE1+W0aw7gpBWRGXLCPnPby6lSpmQ==",
-      "engines": {
-        "node": ">=12"
-      },
-      "funding": {
-        "url": "https://github.com/sponsors/sindresorhus"
-      }
+      "integrity": "sha512-l4Sp/DRseor9wL6EvV2+TuQn63dMkPjZ/sp9XkghTEbV9KlPS1xUsZ3u7/IQO4wxtcFB4bgpQPRcR3QCvezPcQ==",
+      "dev": true
     },
     "node_modules/yallist": {
       "version": "3.1.1",
@@ -11972,9 +9354,9 @@
       }
     },
     "node_modules/zod-to-json-schema": {
-      "version": "3.23.1",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/zod-to-json-schema/-/zod-to-json-schema-3.23.1.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-oT9INvydob1XV0v1d2IadrR74rLtDInLvDFfAa1CG0Pmg/vxATk7I2gSelfj271mbzeM4Da0uuDQE/Nkj3DWNw==",
+      "version": "3.23.2",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/zod-to-json-schema/-/zod-to-json-schema-3.23.2.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-uSt90Gzc/tUfyNqxnjlfBs8W6WSGpNBv0rVsNxP/BVSMHMKGdthPYff4xtCHYloJGM0CFxFsb3NbC0eqPhfImw==",
       "peerDependencies": {
         "zod": "^3.23.3"
       }
diff --git a/package.json b/package.json
index 0bb1ddf70..39b316099 100644
--- a/package.json
+++ b/package.json
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
     "generate:og": "node ./scripts/generate-og-images.mjs",
     "warm:urls": "sh ./scripts/warm-urls.sh https://roadmap.sh/sitemap-0.xml",
     "compress:images": "tsx ./scripts/compress-images.ts",
+    "generate:roadmap-content-json": "tsx ./scripts/editor-roadmap-content-json.ts",
     "test:e2e": "playwright test"
   },
   "dependencies": {
@@ -70,6 +71,7 @@
     "slugify": "^1.6.6",
     "tailwind-merge": "^2.4.0",
     "tailwindcss": "^3.4.7",
+    "turndown": "^7.2.0",
     "unified": "^11.0.5",
     "zustand": "^4.5.4"
   },
@@ -80,6 +82,7 @@
     "@types/js-cookie": "^3.0.6",
     "@types/prismjs": "^1.26.4",
     "@types/react-calendar-heatmap": "^1.6.7",
+    "@types/turndown": "^5.0.5",
     "csv-parser": "^3.0.0",
     "gh-pages": "^6.1.1",
     "js-yaml": "^4.1.0",
diff --git a/pnpm-lock.yaml b/pnpm-lock.yaml
index a3f7cfaee..b81dd5cfa 100644
--- a/pnpm-lock.yaml
+++ b/pnpm-lock.yaml
@@ -134,6 +134,9 @@ importers:
       tailwindcss:
         specifier: ^3.4.7
         version: 3.4.7
+      turndown:
+        specifier: ^7.2.0
+        version: 7.2.0
       unified:
         specifier: ^11.0.5
         version: 11.0.5
@@ -159,6 +162,9 @@ importers:
       '@types/react-calendar-heatmap':
         specifier: ^1.6.7
         version: 1.6.7
+      '@types/turndown':
+        specifier: ^5.0.5
+        version: 5.0.5
       csv-parser:
         specifier: ^3.0.0
         version: 3.0.0
@@ -696,6 +702,9 @@ packages:
   '@jridgewell/trace-mapping@0.3.25':
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-vNk6aEwybGtawWmy/PzwnGDOjCkLWSD2wqvjGGAgOAwCGWySYXfYoxt00IJkTF+8Lb57DwOb3Aa0o9CApepiYQ==}
 
+  '@mixmark-io/domino@2.2.0':
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-Y28PR25bHXUg88kCV7nivXrP2Nj2RueZ3/l/jdx6J9f8J4nsEGcgX0Qe6lt7Pa+J79+kPiJU3LguR6O/6zrLOw==}
+
   '@nanostores/react@0.7.2':
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-e3OhHJFv3NMSFYDgREdlAQqkyBTHJM91s31kOZ4OvZwJKdFk5BLk0MLbh51EOGUz9QGX2aCHfy1RvweSi7fgwA==}
     engines: {node: ^18.0.0 || >=20.0.0}
@@ -1172,6 +1181,9 @@ packages:
   '@types/sax@1.2.7':
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-rO73L89PJxeYM3s3pPPjiPgVVcymqU490g0YO5n5By0k2Erzj6tay/4lr1CHAAU4JyOWd1rpQ8bCf6cZfHU96A==}
 
+  '@types/turndown@5.0.5':
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-TL2IgGgc7B5j78rIccBtlYAnkuv8nUQqhQc+DSYV5j9Be9XOcm/SKOVRuA47xAVI3680Tk9B1d8flK2GWT2+4w==}
+
   '@types/unist@3.0.2':
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-dqId9J8K/vGi5Zr7oo212BGii5m3q5Hxlkwy3WpYuKPklmBEvsbMYYyLxAQpSffdLl/gdW0XUpKWFvYmyoWCoQ==}
 
@@ -2965,6 +2977,9 @@ packages:
     engines: {node: '>=18.0.0'}
     hasBin: true
 
+  turndown@7.2.0:
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-eCZGBN4nNNqM9Owkv9HAtWRYfLA4h909E/WGAWWBpmB275ehNhZyk87/Tpvjbp0jjNl9XwCsbe6bm6CqFsgD+A==}
+
   tween-functions@1.2.0:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-PZBtLYcCLtEcjL14Fzb1gSxPBeL7nWvGhO5ZFPGqziCcr8uvHp0NDmdjBchp6KHL+tExcg0m3NISmKxhU394dA==}
 
@@ -3699,6 +3714,8 @@ snapshots:
       '@jridgewell/resolve-uri': 3.1.2
       '@jridgewell/sourcemap-codec': 1.5.0
 
+  '@mixmark-io/domino@2.2.0': {}
+
   '@nanostores/react@0.7.2(nanostores@0.10.3)(react@18.3.1)':
     dependencies:
       nanostores: 0.10.3
@@ -4180,6 +4197,8 @@ snapshots:
     dependencies:
       '@types/node': 17.0.45
 
+  '@types/turndown@5.0.5': {}
+
   '@types/unist@3.0.2': {}
 
   '@ungap/structured-clone@1.2.0': {}
@@ -6237,6 +6256,10 @@ snapshots:
     optionalDependencies:
       fsevents: 2.3.3
 
+  turndown@7.2.0:
+    dependencies:
+      '@mixmark-io/domino': 2.2.0
+
   tween-functions@1.2.0: {}
 
   type-fest@2.19.0: {}
diff --git a/public/pdfs/roadmaps/git-github.pdf b/public/pdfs/roadmaps/git-github.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8b220fd9b
Binary files /dev/null and b/public/pdfs/roadmaps/git-github.pdf differ
diff --git a/public/roadmap-content/ai-data-scientist.json b/public/roadmap-content/ai-data-scientist.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..098223ecc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/public/roadmap-content/ai-data-scientist.json
@@ -0,0 +1,420 @@
+{
+  "aStaDENn5PhEa-cFvNzXa": {
+    "title": "Mathematics",
+    "description": "Mathematics is the foundation of AI and Data Science. It is essential to have a good understanding of mathematics to excel in these fields.",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Mathematics for Machine Learning",
+        "url": "https://imp.i384100.net/baqMYv",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Algebra and Differential Calculus",
+        "url": "https://imp.i384100.net/LX5M7M",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "4WZL_fzJ3cZdWLLDoWN8D": {
+    "title": "Statistics",
+    "description": "Statistics is the science of collecting, analyzing, interpreting, presenting, and organizing data. It is a branch of mathematics that deals with the collection, analysis, interpretation, presentation, and organization of data. It is used in a wide range of fields, including science, engineering, medicine, and social science. Statistics is used to make informed decisions, to predict future events, and to test hypotheses. It is also used to summarize data, to describe relationships between variables, and to make inferences about populations based on samples.\n\nLearn more from the resources given on the roadmap.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "gWMvD83hVXeTmCuHGIiOL": {
+    "title": "Linear Algebra, Calculus, Mathematical Analysis",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Mathematics for Machine Learning Specialization",
+        "url": "https://imp.i384100.net/baqMYv",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Math",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/math?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Linear Algebra Youtube Course",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLZHQObOWTQDPD3MizzM2xVFitgF8hE_ab",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "mwPJh33MEUQ4Co_LiVEOb": {
+    "title": "Differential Calculus",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Algebra and Differential Calculus for Data Science",
+        "url": "https://imp.i384100.net/LX5M7M",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "Y9YJdARIRqqCBCy3GVYdA": {
+    "title": "Statistics, CLT",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Introduction to Statistics",
+        "url": "https://imp.i384100.net/3eRv4v",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "XJXIkWVDIrPJ-bVIvX0ZO": {
+    "title": "Hypothesis Testing",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Introduction to Statistical Analysis: Hypothesis Testing",
+        "url": "https://imp.i384100.net/vN0JAA",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Testing",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/testing?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "jxJtwbiCvxHqmkWkE7zdx": {
+    "title": "Probability and Sampling",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Probability and Statistics: To p or not to p?",
+        "url": "https://imp.i384100.net/daDM6Q",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Statistics",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/statistics?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "mJq9b50MJM9o9dLhx40iN": {
+    "title": "AB Testing",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Practitioner’s Guide to Statistical Tests",
+        "url": "https://vkteam.medium.com/practitioners-guide-to-statistical-tests-ed2d580ef04f#1e3b",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Step by Step Process for Planning an A/B Test",
+        "url": "https://towardsdatascience.com/step-by-step-for-planning-an-a-b-test-ef3c93143c0b",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about A/B Testing",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/ab-testing?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "v68nwX914qCwHDSwY_ZhG": {
+    "title": "Increasing Test Sensitivity",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Minimum Detectable Effect (MDE)",
+        "url": "https://splitmetrics.com/resources/minimum-detectable-effect-mde/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Improving the Sensitivity of Online Controlled Experiments: Case Studies at Netflix",
+        "url": "https://kdd.org/kdd2016/papers/files/adp0945-xieA.pdf",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Improving the Sensitivity of Online Controlled Experiments by Utilizing Pre-Experiment Data",
+        "url": "https://exp-platform.com/Documents/2013-02-CUPED-ImprovingSensitivityOfControlledExperiments.pdf",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How Booking.com increases the power of online experiments with CUPED",
+        "url": "https://booking.ai/how-booking-com-increases-the-power-of-online-experiments-with-cuped-995d186fff1d",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Improving Experimental Power through Control Using Predictions as Covariate — CUPAC",
+        "url": "https://doordash.engineering/2020/06/08/improving-experimental-power-through-control-using-predictions-as-covariate-cupac/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Improving the Sensitivity of Online Controlled Experiments: Case Studies at Netflix",
+        "url": "https://www.researchgate.net/publication/305997925_Improving_the_Sensitivity_of_Online_Controlled_Experiments_Case_Studies_at_Netflix",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "n2JFGwFxTuOviW6kHO1Uv": {
+    "title": "Ratio Metrics",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Applying the Delta Method in Metric Analytics: A Practical Guide with Novel Ideas",
+        "url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/1803.06336.pdf",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Approximations for Mean and Variance of a Ratio",
+        "url": "https://www.stat.cmu.edu/~hseltman/files/ratio.pdf",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "Gd2egqKZPnbPW1W2jw4j8": {
+    "title": "Econometrics",
+    "description": "Ecenometrics is the application of statistical methods to economic data. It is a branch of economics that aims to give empirical content to economic relations. More precisely, it is \"the quantitative analysis of actual economic phenomena based on the concurrent development of theory and observation, related by appropriate methods of inference.\" Econometrics can be described as something that allows economists \"to sift through mountains of data to extract simple relationships.\"",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "y6xXsc-uSAmRDnNuyhqH2": {
+    "title": "Pre-requisites of Econometrics",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "10 Fundamental Theorems for Econometrics",
+        "url": "https://bookdown.org/ts_robinson1994/10EconometricTheorems/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "h19k9Fn5XPh3_pKEC8Ftp": {
+    "title": "Regression, Timeseries, Fitting Distributions",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Blockchain.com Data Scientist TakeHome Test",
+        "url": "https://github.com/stalkermustang/bcdc_ds_takehome",
+        "type": "opensource"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "10 Fundamental Theorems for Econometrics",
+        "url": "https://bookdown.org/ts_robinson1994/10EconometricTheorems/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Dougherty Intro to Econometrics 4th edition",
+        "url": "https://www.academia.edu/33062577/Dougherty_Intro_to_Econometrics_4th_ed_small",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Econometrics: Methods and Applications",
+        "url": "https://imp.i384100.net/k0krYL",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Kaggle - Learn Time Series",
+        "url": "https://www.kaggle.com/learn/time-series",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Time series Basics : Exploring traditional TS",
+        "url": "https://www.kaggle.com/code/jagangupta/time-series-basics-exploring-traditional-ts#Hierarchical-time-series",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How to Create an ARIMA Model for Time Series Forecasting in Python",
+        "url": "https://machinelearningmastery.com/arima-for-time-series-forecasting-with-python",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "11 Classical Time Series Forecasting Methods in Python",
+        "url": "https://machinelearningmastery.com/time-series-forecasting-methods-in-python-cheat-sheet/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Linear Regression for Business Statistics",
+        "url": "https://imp.i384100.net/9g97Ke",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "XLDWuSt4tI4gnmqMFdpmy": {
+    "title": "Coding",
+    "description": "Programming is a fundamental skill for data scientists. You need to be able to write code to manipulate data, build models, and deploy solutions. The most common programming languages used in data science are Python and R. Python is a general-purpose programming language that is easy to learn and has a large number of libraries for data manipulation and machine learning. R is a programming language and free software environment for statistical computing and graphics. It is widely used for statistical analysis and data visualization.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "MVrAqizgkoAs2aghN8TgV": {
+    "title": "Learn Python Programming Language",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Kaggle — Python",
+        "url": "https://www.kaggle.com/learn/python",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Google's Python Class",
+        "url": "https://developers.google.com/edu/python",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Python",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/python?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "StBCykpzpM4g9PRFeSNXa": {
+    "title": "Data Structures and Algorithms (Python)",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Learn Algorithms",
+        "url": "https://leetcode.com/explore/learn/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Leetcode - Study Plans",
+        "url": "https://leetcode.com/studyplan/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Algorithms Specialization",
+        "url": "https://imp.i384100.net/5gqv4n",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "Im0tXXn3GC-FUq2aMHgwm": {
+    "title": "Learn SQL",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "SQL Tutorial",
+        "url": "https://www.sqltutorial.org/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about SQL",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/sql?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "l1027SBZxTHKzqWw98Ee-": {
+    "title": "Exploratory Data Analysis",
+    "description": "Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA) is an approach to analyzing data sets to summarize their main characteristics, often with visual methods. EDA is used to understand what the data can tell us beyond the formal modeling or hypothesis testing task. It is a crucial step in the data analysis process.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "JaN8YhMeN3whAe2TCXvw9": {
+    "title": "Data understanding, Data Analysis and Visualization",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Exploratory Data Analysis With Python and Pandas",
+        "url": "https://imp.i384100.net/AWAv4R",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Exploratory Data Analysis for Machine Learning",
+        "url": "https://imp.i384100.net/GmQMLE",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Exploratory Data Analysis with Seaborn",
+        "url": "https://imp.i384100.net/ZQmMgR",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "kBdt_t2SvVsY3blfubWIz": {
+    "title": "Machine Learning",
+    "description": "Machine learning is a field of artificial intelligence that uses statistical techniques to give computer systems the ability to \"learn\" (e.g., progressively improve performance on a specific task) from data, without being explicitly programmed. The name machine learning was coined in 1959 by Arthur Samuel. Evolved from the study of pattern recognition and computational learning theory in artificial intelligence, machine learning explores the study and construction of algorithms that can learn from and make predictions on data – such algorithms overcome following strictly static program instructions by making data-driven predictions or decisions, through building a model from sample inputs. Machine learning is employed in a range of computing tasks where designing and programming explicit algorithms with good performance is difficult or infeasible; example applications include email filtering, detection of network intruders, and computer vision.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "FdBih8tlGPPy97YWq463y": {
+    "title": "Classic ML (Sup., Unsup.), Advanced ML (Ensembles, NNs)",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Repository of notes, code and notebooks in Python for the book Pattern Recognition and Machine Learning by Christopher Bishop",
+        "url": "https://github.com/gerdm/prml",
+        "type": "opensource"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Open Machine Learning Course",
+        "url": "https://mlcourse.ai/book/topic01/topic01_intro.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Coursera: Machine Learning Specialization",
+        "url": "https://imp.i384100.net/oqGkrg",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Pattern Recognition and Machine Learning by Christopher Bishop",
+        "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/uploads/prod/2006/01/Bishop-Pattern-Recognition-and-Machine-Learning-2006.pdf",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Machine Learning",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/machine-learning?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "cjvVLN0XjrKPn6o20oMmc": {
+    "title": "Deep Learning",
+    "description": "Deep Learning\n-------------\n\nDeep learning is a subset of machine learning that deals with algorithms inspired by the structure and function of the brain called artificial neural networks. Deep learning is a key technology behind driverless cars, enabling them to recognize a stop sign, or to distinguish a pedestrian from a lamppost. It is the key to voice control in consumer devices like phones, tablets, TVs, and hands-free speakers. Deep learning is getting lots of attention lately and for good reason. It’s achieving results that were not possible before.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "eOFoGKveaHaBm_6ppJUtA": {
+    "title": "Fully Connected, CNN, RNN, LSTM, Transformers, TL",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "The Illustrated Transformer",
+        "url": "https://jalammar.github.io/illustrated-transformer/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Attention is All you Need",
+        "url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/1706.03762.pdf",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Deep Learning Book",
+        "url": "https://www.deeplearningbook.org/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Deep Learning Specialization",
+        "url": "https://imp.i384100.net/Wq9MV3",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "Qa85hEVe2kz62k9Pj4QCA": {
+    "title": "MLOps",
+    "description": "MLOps is a practice for collaboration and communication between data scientists and operations professionals to help manage production ML lifecycle. It is a set of best practices that aims to automate the ML lifecycle, including training, deployment, and monitoring. MLOps helps organizations to scale ML models and deliver business value faster.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "uPzzUpI0--7OWDfNeBIjt": {
+    "title": "Deployment Models, CI/CD",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Machine Learning Engineering for Production (MLOps) Specialization",
+        "url": "https://imp.i384100.net/nLA5mx",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Full Stack Deep Learning",
+        "url": "https://fullstackdeeplearning.com/course/2022/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about CI/CD",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/cicd?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/public/roadmap-content/android.json b/public/roadmap-content/android.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..74d862009
--- /dev/null
+++ b/public/roadmap-content/android.json
@@ -0,0 +1,639 @@
+{
+  "Suws-7f_6Z1ChpfcnxX2M": {
+    "title": "Pick a Language",
+    "description": "When developing for Android, one crucial step is picking a programming language to use. There are multiple languages you can choose from, but the three most popular ones are Java, Kotlin, and C++. Java is the original language used for Android development and is widely used, making it a good choice for beginners due to the wealth of resources and developer communities. Kotlin is a newer option that is fully supported by Google and Android Studio, and addressing many of the drawbacks of Java which makes it a popular choice for many developers. Lastly, C++ can be used in Android development through the Android Native Development Kit (NDK), though it comes with more complexities and is usually not recommended for beginners. Your selection might depend on your existing familiarity with these languages, the complexity and specific requirements of your project, and the resources or libraries you wish to use.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "qIzUv8-GgQnkqChEdgD50": {
+    "title": "Kotlin",
+    "description": "`Kotlin` is a cross-platform, statically typed general-purpose programming language with type inference. Developed by JetBrains, the makers of the world’s leading IDEs, Kotlin has a syntax, which is more expressive and concise. This allows for more readable and maintainable code. It is fully interoperable with Java and comes with no limitations. It can be used almost everywhere Java is used today, for server-side development, Android apps, and much more. Kotlin introduces several improvements for programmers over Java, which makes it a preferred choice for many developers. With more concise code base and modern programming concept support - it's certainly a future of Android app development.\n\nUse following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Learn Kotlin - w3schools",
+        "url": "https://www.w3schools.com/kotlin/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Kotlin",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/kotlin?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Learn Kotlin Programming for Beginners - Free Code Camp",
+        "url": "https://youtu.be/EExSSotojVI?si=4VPW8ZHa2UMX0HH1",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "RBABbkzD_uNFwEO-hssZO": {
+    "title": "Java",
+    "description": "Java is a popular programming language used for Android development due to its robustness and ease of use. Its object-oriented structure allows developers to create modular programs and reusable code. The language was built with the philosophy of \"write once, run anywhere\" (WORA), meaning compiled Java code can run on all platforms without the need for recompilation. Android’s API and core libraries are primarily written in Java, therefore understanding Java is fundamental in creating diverse and powerful Android apps. Java is a statically-typed language, which can be beneficial for detecting errors at compile-time rather than at runtime. Oracle, who owns Java, provides comprehensive documentation and support for the language.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "HlUUGj3dOZ68t4gIjerXh": {
+    "title": "The Fundamentals",
+    "description": "\"The Fundamentals\" of Android primarily concentrate on 5 components; Activities, Services, Broadcast Receivers, Content Providers, and Intents. **Activities** are essentially what you see on your screen; each screen in an app is a separate activity. **Services** run in the background to perform long-running operations or to perform work for remote processes. They do not provide a user interface. **Broadcast Receivers** respond to broadcast messages from other applications or from the system itself. These messages are often in the form of Intents. **Content Providers** manage a shared set of app data that other apps can query or modify, through a structured interface. Finally, **Intents** are messaging objects which facilitate the communication between the aforementioned components. Understanding these five core concepts is key to mastering Android fundamentals.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "ZRGsokU313Ky-anWbWK6q": {
+    "title": "Development IDE",
+    "description": "\"Development IDE\" refers to Development Integrated Development Environment that is vital for Android App development. For Android, the primary IDE is **Android Studio**. This official IDE from Google includes everything you need to build an Android app, such as a code editor, code analysis tools, emulators for all of Android's supported OS versions and hardware configurations, and more. Other popular IDEs include **Eclipse** (with an Android Developer Tools plugin), **NetBeans**, and **IntelliJ IDEA**. Each of these IDEs tends to have its own set of specialized features, but all are designed to provide the tools and services needed for Android development. The choice of IDE often depends on the specific needs and preferences of the developer or development team.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "jl1FsQ5-WGKeFyaILNt_p": {
+    "title": "Basics of Kotlin",
+    "description": "Kotlin is a statically-typed programming language that runs on the Java Virtual Machine (JVM) and can be used to develop all types of Android apps. It is Google's preferred language for Android app development. Kotlin's syntax is more concise than Java, which means less code to write and read, and fewer opportunities for errors. It provides several high-level features like lambdas, coroutines and higher order functions that help making the code more clean and understandable. Key basics of Kotlin include control flow statements (if, when, for, while), variables (mutable and non-mutable), null safety, classes and objects, inheritance, interfaces, and exception handling. While learning Kotlin, experience with Java will certainly be helpful, but it's not a prerequisite.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "j69erqfosSZMDlmKcnnn0": {
+    "title": "Basics of OOP",
+    "description": "In Android development, understanding the `Basics of Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)` is crucial. OOP is a programming paradigm that uses \"Objects\" - entities that contain both data and functions that manipulate the data. Key concepts include `Classes`, which are blueprints from which objects are created; `Objects`, instances of a class; `Inheritance`, where one class acquires properties from another; `Polymorphism`, the ability of an object to take many forms; `Abstraction`, showing only necessary details and hiding implementation from the user; and `Encapsulation`, the concept of wrapping data and the methods that work on data within one unit. By understanding these fundamentals, you can create more efficient and effective Android apps.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "cNeT1dJDfgn0ndPzSxhSL": {
+    "title": "Data Structures and Algorithms",
+    "description": "In Android, **data structures** are primarily used to collect, organize and perform operations on the stored data more effectively. They are essential for designing advanced-level Android applications. Examples include Array, Linked List, Stack, Queue, Hash Map, and Tree.\n\nMeanwhile, **algorithms** are a sequence of instructions or rules for performing a particular task. In Android, algorithms can be used for data searching, sorting, or performing complex business logic. Some commonly used algorithms are Binary Search, Bubble Sort, Selection Sort, etc. A deep understanding of data structures and algorithms is crucial in optimizing the performance and the memory consumption of the Android applications.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "FVxNjbDBxgf6vkZWw1Awt": {
+    "title": "What is and how to use Gradle?",
+    "description": "**Using Gradle**: Gradle is a powerful build system used in Android development that allows you to define your project and dependencies, and distinguish between different build types and flavors. Gradle uses a domain-specific language (DSL) which gives developers almost complete control over the build process. When you trigger a build in Android Studio, Gradle is the tool working behind the scenes to compile and package your app. It looks at the dependencies you declared in your build.gradle files and create a build script accordingly. Using Gradle in Android development requires continuous editing of the build.gradle files to manage app dependencies, build variants, signing configurations, and other essential aspects related to building your app.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Get going with Gradle - PDF",
+        "url": "https://assets.gradlehero.com/get-going-with-gradle/get-going-with-gradle-book.pdf",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Gradle",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/gradle?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Introduction to Gradle for Complete Beginners - 25minutes",
+        "url": "https://youtu.be/-dtcEMLNmn0?si=NuIP-3wNpUrxfTxA",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Gradle Course for Beginners - 55minutes",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R6Z-Sxb837I",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "5m_7DvInF8C_4Ml1xVI6L": {
+    "title": "Create a Basic Hello World App",
+    "description": "The \"Hello World\" app is a simple project that you can build when you're getting started with Android development. It's often the first program that beginners learn to build in a new system. It's usually considered the simplest form of program that displays a message to the user - \"Hello, World!\" In Android, this involves creating a new project from the Android Studio and setting up the main activity. The main activity file is primarily written in Java or Kotlin where you can code for the display message, while the layout design view can be created in the XML file.\n\nResources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Create your first android app",
+        "url": "https://developer.android.com/codelabs/basic-android-kotlin-compose-first-app",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "5s1CqsYCOXjNroDHaGKGa": {
+    "title": "Version Control",
+    "description": "_Version Control_ is a system that records changes to a file or set of files over time so that you can recall specific versions later. An essential tool for software development, it helps to track changes, enhance collaboration, and manage different versions of a project. Two common types of version control systems are Centralized Version Control System (CVCS) and Distributed Version Control System (DVCS). CVCS uses a central server to store all versions of a project, with users getting snapshots from that server. Examples include SVN and Perforce. On the other hand, DVCS allows multiple developers to work on a single project simultaneously. Each user has a complete backup of all versions of the work. Examples include Git and Mercurial.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "rqSZ2ATeHbOdIQE9Jlb0B": {
+    "title": "Git",
+    "description": "`Git` is a highly efficient and flexible distributed version control system that was created by Linus Torvalds, the creator of Linux. It allows multiple developers to work on a project concurrently, providing tools for non-linear development and tracking changes in any set of files. Git has a local repository with a complete history and version-tracking capabilities, allowing offline operations, unlike SVN. It ensures data integrity and provides strong support for non-linear development with features such as branching and merging. Yet, Git has a high learning curve and can be complex for beginners to understand the command line interface. Furthermore, Git also allows you to create `tags` to reference certain points in your history for milestone or version releases.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "H-2eb8fLwz8IKYXbeSVKK": {
+    "title": "GitHub",
+    "description": "**GitHub** is a cloud-based hosting service for managing software version control using Git. It provides a platform for enabling multiple developers to work together on the same project at the same time. With GitHub, codes can be stored publicly, allowing for collaboration with other developers or privately for individual projects. Key features of GitHub include code sharing, task management, and version control, among others. GitHub also offers functionalities such as bug tracking, feature requests, and task management for the project. For Android development, it supports Gradle-based android projects, plugins for Android Studio and JetBrains IntelliJ IDEA, making version control operations more user-friendly.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "5LFZdUiFYYU_1sYsouyan": {
+    "title": "Bitbucket",
+    "description": "Bitbucket is a web-based hosting service that is owned by Atlassian. Bitbucket uses either Mercurial or Git revision control systems, allowing users to manage and maintain their code. This platform is mainly used for code and code review. Bitbucket provides both commercial plans and free accounts. It offers free accounts with an unlimited number of private repositories (which can have up to five users in the case of free accounts) as of September 2010. It originally offered only Mercurial support. Bitbucket integrates with other Atlassian software like JIRA, HipChat, Confluence and Bamboo.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "Q47BtQphp59NkkZoeNXmP": {
+    "title": "GitLab",
+    "description": "`Gitlab` is a web-based DevOps lifecycle tool which provides a Git-repository manager, along with continuous integration and deployment pipeline features, using an open-source license, developed by GitLab Inc. Users can manage and create their software projects and repositories, and collaborate on these projects with other members. `Gitlab` also allows users to view analytics and open issues of their project. It stands next to other version control tools like `GitHub` and `Bitbucket`, but comes with its own set of additional features and nuances. For Android development, `Gitlab` can be particularly useful owing to its continuous integration and deployment system which can automate large parts of the app testing and deployment.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "5Li8J5iR_ZuyIlxX0LYei": {
+    "title": "App Components",
+    "description": "Android apps are primarily made up of five different types of components:\n\n1.  **Activities**: These are individual screens that a user can interact with. Any UI action like touching a button or swiping a screen will usually take place within an activity.\n    \n2.  **Services**: Unlike activities, services run in the background and don't have a user interface. They’re used for repetitive or long running operations, like playing music or pulling in a feed of data from a server.\n    \n3.  **Broadcast Receivers**: These are event listeners. The Android operating system uses them to respond to system-wide events.\n    \n4.  **Content Providers**: They manage and share app data with other apps installed on the device. For security, data is not generally shared across apps.\n    \n5.  **Intents**: These serve as messages or commands to the Android system. They're used to signal to the Android system that certain events have occurred.\n    \n\nEach app component is designed to serve different purposes and to have a well-defined lifecycle which defines how the component is created and destroyed.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "nwuVlPmzwJ17mtVQ8Hi9w": {
+    "title": "Activity",
+    "description": "`Activity` in Android is a crucial component that represents a single screen with a user interface. It is just like a window in a desktop application. Android apps are typically made up of one or more activities, each having its interface which allows user interaction. When an app is launched, an instance of `Activity` is created, starting the lifecycle of that app. Every activity has its own lifecycle (create, start, resume, pause, stop, destroy) that keeps the state of a user's progress, and Android manages these states automatically. Activities can also have `Intent`, which allows them to interact with other components, such as starting another activity or getting a result from that activity.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "PcHmU1c9hqKyzSjwlRPHk": {
+    "title": "Services",
+    "description": "**Services**: A service in Android is an app component that performs operations in the background without a user interface. It can be started by an application component, like an activity, and it will continue to run in the background even if the user switches to another application. There are two types of services in Android, namely, `Started Service` and `Bound Service`. A `Started Service` is used to perform a single operation, such as downloading a large file. On the other hand, a `Bound Service` offers a client-server interface that allows components to interact with the service, send requests, receive results, and even perform interprocess communication (IPC).",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "nkcdjrswv0WCzUs48BAt9": {
+    "title": "Content Provider",
+    "description": "A **Content Provider** in Android is a key component that allows applications to securely share data with other applications. They act as a layer between databases and applications to enhance data security. Content providers manage access to a structured set of data by handling data transactions, implementing data security, and maintaining isolation between applications. They provide an abstracted interface which is used to access data, while the underlying storage method (Like SQLite database, web, or any other method) remains hidden. This mechanism aids in retrieving data from a non-relational source in a structured way. They're used primarily when data needs to be shared between multiple applications, not just within a single application.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "tFuAToid1Fkmu96BDtW7K": {
+    "title": "Broadcast Receiver",
+    "description": "**Broadcast Receivers** in Android are components that respond to system-wide broadcast announcements. They can be registered to respond to a specific type of broadcasts or implement a user-defined broadcast. While you can initiate a broadcast from your app, they are generally used for receiving system notifications or communicating with other applications. However, keep in mind that they cannot display a user interface, but they can start activities if necessary, which do have a user interface. A `BroadcastReceiver` class must override the `onReceive()` method where each message is received as an `Intent` object parameter.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "hv_9imIQpthxEaMLXEUHI": {
+    "title": "Intent",
+    "description": "\"Intent\" in Android is a software mechanism used for late runtime binding between components, such as activities, content providers, and services. It is essentially a passive data structure holding an abstract description of an operation that the Android system is requested to perform. The Intent can be explicit, in which you specify the component to start or implicit, where you declare a general action to perform, allowing a component from another app to handle it. Implicit intents are often used to request another app's functionality, such as showing a user a location on a map or taking a photo. \"Intent Filters\" are then used by the components to advertise their capabilities to handle different types of intents.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "FVg438cVBBzqJFkGWVbQM": {
+    "title": "Activity LifeCycle",
+    "description": "The **Activity Lifecycle** in Android represents a series of states or events that an activity can go through from its creation to its destruction. The primary states or events are `onCreate()`, `onStart()`, `onResume()`, `onPause()`, `onStop()`, `onDestroy()`, and `onRestart()`. The method `onCreate()` is called when the activity is first created, followed by `onStart()` when the activity becomes visible to the user. The `onResume()` method executes when the user starts interacting with the application. `onPause()` and `onStop()` methods are invoked when the application is no longer in the foreground or visible to the user. The `onDestroy()` method is used when the activity is being completely removed from the memory. The `onRestart()` method is called after the system stops the activity and is about to start it again. The proper handling of these states ensures the efficient use of resources and a smooth user experience.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "oUjetA2eduvQIeLcQlLcu": {
+    "title": "State Changes",
+    "description": "In Android, an \"Activity\" is a crucial component that represents a single screen with a user interface. One or more active activities make up an Application. These activities can go through different states in their lifecycle, often due to user interaction or system interruption. The primary states of an Activity include `Created`, `Started`, `Resumed`, `Paused`, `Stopped`, `Restarted`, and `Destroyed`. The \"Created\" state occurs when an activity instance is being created. The \"Started\" state is when the activity is visible to the user, while \"Resumed\" is when the activity is interacting with the user. An activity is \"Paused\" when it loses focus but is partly visible, \"Stopped\" when it's not visible, \"Restarted\" when the activity is about to be started, and \"Destroyed\" when the activity is finished or the system is temporarily destroying it.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "-O-G9bg36ut8NnZcdOaop": {
+    "title": "Tasks & Backstack",
+    "description": "The **tasks backstack** in Android refers to the way Android manages and arranges tasks in a stack-like structure. Every task has a stack of activities, which is referred to as the task's back stack. The activities are placed in the order they are opened. When a new activity is started, it is placed at the top of the stack and becomes the running activity, while the previous activity is paused and put into the back stack. When you press the back button, the current activity is destroyed and the activity at the top of the back stack becomes active again. Android defines how to navigate between tasks and activities using this back stack concept.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "gGdz3j33x0gfrFDp_rw8Z": {
+    "title": "Implicit Intents",
+    "description": "In Android development, **Implicit Intents** do not specify the target component explicitly like Explicit Intents. Instead, they allow the system to find a suitable component matching the Intent description to handle the request. The system will find an activity that can handle this intent by comparing the `<intent-filter>` section in the `AndroidManifest.xml` of all apps installed on the device against the Implicit Intent. An ideal example of an implicit intent is opening a URL. You do not need to know the specific activity that can handle this request, you just declare an intent to view a web page and Android system will select the suitable app that can open the URL.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "TmIeCF3xVCe5Sy3ITmM31": {
+    "title": "Explicit Intents",
+    "description": "**Explicit Intents** are primarily used within an application's own boundaries. In explicit intents you specify the component that needs to be responded to the intent. Therefore, the target component must be specified by calling methods such as `setComponent(ComponentName)`, `setClass(Context, Class)`, or `setClassName(String, String)`. This means that explicit intents are typically used for launching activities, broadcasting messages, starting services within the app. Explicit intents are not resolved by the system but are passed to the component identified in the intent.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "b-sfh6NoS-APqaNKm5L5S": {
+    "title": "Intent Filters",
+    "description": "`Intent Filters` in Android are essential components of the Android system where you can declare the capabilities of your activities, services, and broadcast receivers. An intent filter is an expression found in your app's manifest file, defined in the XML element. Android uses these filters to determine the appropriate components for incoming intents, which can be either explicit or implicit. Your app's ability to respond to intents depends on the filters you define. The filters are set of conditions comprised of `action`, `category`, and `data` which your activity or service is able to perform. If the incoming `Intent` matches with defined `Intent Filters`, Android system will permit that `Intent` to your Component (Activity, Service, or Broadcast Receiver).",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "jePGzTejFe4ryA5qFFmjl": {
+    "title": "Design & Architecture",
+    "description": "In Android, **Design Architecture** refers to structuring the code in a way that increases its readability, maintainability, and testability. There are several ways to design architecture like [Model-View-Controller (MVC)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Model%E2%80%93view%E2%80%93controller), [Model-View-Presenter (MVP)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Model%E2%80%93view%E2%80%93presenter), [Model-View-ViewModel (MVVM)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Model%E2%80%93view%E2%80%93viewmodel), and [Model-View-Intent (MVI)](https://www.raywenderlich.com/817602-mvi-architecture-for-android-tutorial-getting-started). Each of these define the interaction between the data, the logic, and the UI layers. Google’s recommended architectural pattern is [Android Architecture Components](https://developer.android.com/topic/libraries/architecture) which follow the principles of the MVVM pattern. Bear in mind that an architecture is not a rigid structure that fits all solutions. Rather, it serves as a guideline and can be tweaked as necessary.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "Dp2DOX10u2xJUjB8Okhzh": {
+    "title": "Frame",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "U8iMGGOd2EgPxSuwSG39Z": {
+    "title": "Linear",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "yE0qAQZiEC9R8WvCdskpr": {
+    "title": "Relative",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "3fFNMhQIuuh-NRzSXYpXO": {
+    "title": "Constraint",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "xIvplWfe-uDr9iHjPT1Mx": {
+    "title": "RecycleView",
+    "description": "RecyclerView is the most commonly used and powerful list management tool in Android development. Witch makes it easy to efficiently display large sets of data. You supply the data and define how each item looks, and the RecyclerView library dynamically creates the elements when they're needed.\n\nAs the name implies, RecyclerView recycles those individual elements. When an item scrolls off the screen, RecyclerView doesn't destroy its view. Instead, RecyclerView reuses the view for new items that have scrolled onscreen. RecyclerView improves performance and your app's responsiveness, and it reduces power consumption.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Android Developers: Create dynamic lists with RecyclerView",
+        "url": "https://developer.android.com/develop/ui/views/layout/recyclerview",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "znvZp24L-PcQwkSObtixs": {
+    "title": "TextView",
+    "description": "TextView is a widget that is seen in every android application. This widget is used to display simple text within the android application.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Android developers: TextView",
+        "url": "https://developer.android.com/reference/android/widget/TextView",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "2iDJrxjXOt7o2fPp2HfRl": {
+    "title": "Fragments",
+    "description": "A `Fragment` represents a reusable portion of your app's UI. A fragment defines and manages its own layout, has its own lifecycle, and can handle its own input events. Fragments can't live on their own. They must be hosted by an activity or another fragment. The fragment’s view hierarchy becomes part of, or attaches to, the host’s view hierarchy.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Android Developers: Fragments",
+        "url": "https://developer.android.com/guide/fragments",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "boMz0HZlMAsLdCZlpUo-H": {
+    "title": "EditText",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "Mtx0bY0drmaTw8sCM5YTl": {
+    "title": "Dialogs",
+    "description": "A `DialogFragment` is a special fragment subclass that is designed for creating and hosting dialogs. Although you don't need to host your **dialog** within a fragment, doing so lets the `FragmentManager` manage the state of the dialog and automatically restore the dialog when a configuration change occurs. Learn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Android Developers: Dialogs",
+        "url": "https://developer.android.com/guide/fragments/dialogs",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "WhfzFOUpm0DFEj7Oeq21R": {
+    "title": "Buttons",
+    "description": "A `button` consists of text or an icon, or both, that communicates what action occurs when the user taps it.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Android Developers: Button",
+        "url": "https://developer.android.com/develop/ui/views/components/button",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "BVgO9n7tGlVdiS72-hFSd": {
+    "title": "Toast",
+    "description": "A `toast` provides simple feedback about an operation in a small popup. It only fills the amount of space required for the message and the current activity remains visible and interactive. Toasts automatically disappear after a timeout.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Android developers: Toast",
+        "url": "https://developer.android.com/guide/topics/ui/notifiers/toasts",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "A4rtNULX_MoV93IH1Lgqw": {
+    "title": "ImageView",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "Z4Tbd5ClnqCXGPGG09F-G": {
+    "title": "Bottom Sheet",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "EzLjX4iRT7AxkAOsJYnSU": {
+    "title": "ListView",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "amTxz7mS98lkhOrNMJXG_": {
+    "title": "Drawer",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "pEBpXv3Jf1AzBNHlvVrG8": {
+    "title": "Tabs",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "Xn1VQ-xOT67ZfJJTM4r1p": {
+    "title": "Animations",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "60Vm-77rseUqpMiFvp-dA": {
+    "title": "Jetpack Compose",
+    "description": "`Jetpack Compose` is a modern toolkit for building native Android UI. It simplifies and accelerates UI development on Android with less code, powerful tools, and intuitive Kotlin APIs. `Jetpack Compose` offers a declarative approach to designing UI, where you can simply describe what your UI should look like at any given point of your app’s state, and `Compose` takes care of updating the view hierarchy, making UI development more efficient. It also integrates well with existing Android apps, letting you adopt its benefits at your own pace.",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Jetpack Compose",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/jetpack-compose?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Jetpack Compose Crash Course",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6_wK_Ud8--0",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "xV475jHTlLuHtpHZeXb7P": {
+    "title": "App Shortcuts",
+    "description": "App shortcuts in Android are designed to provide quick and convenient routes to specific actions or functions within your app from the device home screen. To use them, long-press an app's icon and a pop-up menu will appear with the available shortcuts. Depending on the app, you might be able to send a message, make a booking, navigate home, or perform some other specific task without having to first open the app and navigate to the desired function. These shortcuts can also be moved and placed individually on the home screen for even faster access.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "o5rzmnaQeiSh9ocvfJPpK": {
+    "title": "Navigation Components",
+    "description": "The **Navigation Components** are part of Android Jetpack and are designed to simplify the implementation of navigation in your Android app. These components help you follow best practices, handle deep linking, and provide a consistent user experience across deep and conditional navigation. They also automate many common tasks, such as handling Up and Back actions correctly across many different types of devices. The Navigation component consists of three key parts which are Navigation graph, NavHost, and NavController.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "Bz-BkfzsDHAbAw3HD7WCd": {
+    "title": "MVI",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "pSU-NZtjBh-u0WKTYfjk_": {
+    "title": "MVVM",
+    "description": "The `Model-View-ViewModel` (MVVM) pattern is a software architectural pattern commonly used in UI development. It is designed to separate the concerns of an application, making the code more modular, testable, and maintainable.\n\nComponents:\n\n*   `Model`: Refers either to a domain model, which represents real state content (an object-oriented approach), or to the data access layer, which represents content.\n*   `View`: The view is the structure, layout, and appearance of what a user sees on the screen.\n*   `View model`: The view model is an abstraction of the view exposing public properties and commands. The view model has been described as a state of the data in the model.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Android Developers: View Model",
+        "url": "https://developer.android.com/topic/libraries/architecture/viewmodel",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Wikipedia",
+        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Model%E2%80%93view%E2%80%93viewmodel",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "aF_xFIqTjQbENtC7pkXvJ": {
+    "title": "MVP",
+    "description": "The MVP `Model View Presenter` pattern is a derivative of the well-known MVC `Model View Controller` pattern and is one of the most popular patterns for organizing the presentation layer in Android applications.\n\nMVP is divided into three components:\n\n*   `Model`: Responsible for managing the data input to the app. This can often be an Interactor or UseCase, handling the business logic and data operations.\n*   `View`: Takes care of updating the graphical part of the application. It acts as a passive view, only receiving data and requesting actions to be performed.\n*   `Presenter`: Handles all the logic related to the graphical interface that the View requests. It provides the View with the data it needs to display on the screen.\n\nThis structure helps to create a clear separation of concerns, making your codebase more modular and easier to maintain.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "w1A6wPKSd3Yh2luuHV-aE": {
+    "title": "MVC",
+    "description": "MVC or `Model View Controller` is a software design pattern commonly used for developing user interfaces that divides the related program logic into three interconnected components.\n\nComponents:\n\n*   `Model`: The internal representations of information. This can often be an Interactor or UseCase\n*   `View`: The interface that presents information to and accepts it from the user\n*   `Controller`: The controller contains logic that updates the model and/or view in response to input from the users of the app.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "MVC",
+        "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Glossary/MVC",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Model–view–controller",
+        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Model%E2%80%93view%E2%80%93controller",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "ZF5XgO7I_J9928bD3CVXo": {
+    "title": "Repository Pattern",
+    "description": "In Android design architecture, the `Repository Pattern` separates the data sources from the rest of the application. It acts as a mediator between different data sources, such as persistent models, web services, or caches. Instead of having the network and database calls spread out throughout your ViewModel, they are encapsulated within a Repository class. This separation will make the code clean, easy to read and testable. It provides a simple API for data access, the rest of the app doesn't need to know where the data is coming from it just asks the repository.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "784fiIdKrQDlIm3VIiJQN": {
+    "title": "Builder Pattern",
+    "description": "The **Builder Pattern** in Android is used to construct complex objects step by step. It separates the construction of an object from its representation. The pattern involves a `Builder` class which is used to construct the `Product` class. The Builder class typically has a method for each part that may be used to construct a Product. It also has a method for returning the final product. The Builder pattern is useful in situations where you might have multiple ways to create an object or when an object requires a large number of parameters for its constructor.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "DeOxj6RzQBYfEWV-M1Ybm": {
+    "title": "Factory Pattern",
+    "description": "The **Factory Pattern** is part of the Creational Design Patterns. This pattern provides an interface for creating objects in a superclass, but allows subclasses to alter the type of objects that will be created. It introduces an abstraction layer between the client code and the concrete objects. Normally, this is achieved by using a factory method to create objects instead of using constructors. The instance of the class is usually created by a method, referred to as a `factory method`, which is either specified in an interface and implemented in implementing classes or implemented in a base class which may be optionally overridden by derived classes. The Factory Method is used when we want to provide users with a way to create an instance of a class from one of several possible classes that share a common super class.\n\nHere is a basic example of the Factory Pattern:\n\n    public abstract class Animal {\n        public abstract String makeSound();\n    }\n    \n    public class Dog extends Animal {\n        @override\n        public String makeSound() {\n            return \"Woof\";\n        }\n    }\n    \n    public class Cat extends Animal {\n        @override\n        public String makeSound() {\n            return \"Meow\";\n        }\n    }\n    \n    public class AnimalFactory {\n        public Animal createAnimal(String type) {\n            if (\"Dog\".equals(type)) {\n                return new Dog();\n            } else if (\"Cat\".equals(type)) {\n                return new Cat();\n            }\n            return null;\n        }\n    }\n    \n\nIn the code above, `AnimalFactory` is the factory class responsible to create and return instances of `Dog` and `Cat` classes.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "N_auRfGKkeIIc-qiHLkR_": {
+    "title": "Observer Pattern",
+    "description": "The **Observer Pattern** is a software design pattern in which an object, known as the subject, maintains a list of its dependants, called observers, and notifies them automatically of any state changes. This is usually done by calling one of their methods. It's mainly used for implementing distributed event handling systems and is viewed as a good practice to follow, making your design more robust, flexible, and scalable. The subject to be observed triggers events and observers react to the change or the event that they are listening to. In Android, observable libraries like `LiveData`, `RxJava`, `Flow`, and other reactive streams allow the implementation of observer pattern.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "W-WTIiQml8dLK6i_V69JK": {
+    "title": "Flow",
+    "description": "`Flow` in Android development is part of the Kotlin Coroutines library. It is a type that can emit multiple values sequentially, making it perfect for working with any data streams or any streams of events that aren't instantaneous. Like Observables, `Flow` is also based on the observer pattern, meaning it can emit values and these emissions can be observed and reacted to. However, `Flow` comes with built-in backpressure handling and the ability to transform, filter, or combine these flows in a sequence. Along with Coroutines, `Flow` encourages a more predictable and simplified concurrency design without callback hell problem.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "xk0vnWr7uESdzYRxwFjoK": {
+    "title": "RxJava",
+    "description": "RxJava, standing for Reactive Extensions for the JVM, is a library in the Java and Android ecosystem that allows developers to write asynchronous, event-based programs. It is developed according to reactive programming principles and it supports multi-threading operations. One can create data streams from just about anything - variables, data structures, inputs, etc. and these streams could be used with functional programming methods to process the data.\n\nIn Android, RxJava is often used in combination with Retrofit, to handle API calls or with Room, to handle tasks involving the database. This library provides a set of operators such as `map()`, `filter()`, `concat()`, `merge()`, `flatmap()` etc. to handle tasks such as chain asynchronous operations, perform computations, or transform data.\n\nThere are three important entities in RxJava - 'Observable', 'Observer' and 'Subscription'. 'Observable' is a data stream that does some work, 'Observer' watches the 'Observable' and does something when the 'Observable’ changes, and 'Subscription' is what ties an 'Observer' to an 'Observable' - linking their lifecycles and allowing 'Observer’s to unsubscribe (to stop receiving updates) when they’re destroyed. In other words, 'Subscription' is what allows you to manage memory and prevent crashes due to leaks.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "7rbsp1o5bzIJP11BRIoeG": {
+    "title": "RxKotlin",
+    "description": "`RxKotlin` is a lightweight library that adds convenient extension functions to `RxJava`. It allows developers to use RxJava with Kotlin in a more idiomatic way, thus making code more readable and understandable. While `RxJava` is a Java-based implementation of Reactive Extensions, `RxKotlin` is essentially a wrapper that includes extension functions and other constructs to take full advantage of Kotlin's features, such as its syntactic simplicity and ease of use.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "TiokceMGU9caqiR0lbFYL": {
+    "title": "LiveData",
+    "description": "`LiveData` is a data holder class that can be observed within a given lifecycle. This means that an `Observer` can be added in a pair with a `LifecycleOwner`, and this observer will be notified about modifications of the `LiveData` object only if the associated `LifecycleOwner` is in active state. `LiveData` respects the lifecycle state of app components, such as activities, fragments, or services, and it only updates app-component observers that are in an active lifecycle state. Furthermore, `LiveData` automatically removes the observers when their associated `LifecycleOwner` moves to the `Destroyed` state. This combination of `LiveData` and `LifecycleOwner` helps you to manage appropriate and efficient updates because `LiveData` takes into consideration the lifecycle state of your app components.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "qtXM9K7wyjOFuEMlZrB3C": {
+    "title": "Dependency Injection",
+    "description": "`Dependency Injection` is a technique where an object does not need to create its own dependencies; instead, dependencies are provided (or injected) at runtime. This technique is highly beneficial in Android Development. It helps in creating loosely coupled and easily testable code. For example, the `Retrofit` instance that your application requires to make network calls can be created somewhere else and can be injected whenever required using libraries like `Dagger`, `Koin` or `Hilt`. The `ViewModel` instances can also be injected rather than being created in the required classes directly. Through dependency injection, plugins ensure the code becomes easier to change, understand, and maintain, hence, improving the quality of the code.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "CK7Ce632fdTgxeFsRUVvd": {
+    "title": "Dagger",
+    "description": "[Dagger](https://dagger.dev/) is a fully static, compile-time dependency injection framework for both Java and Android. It is an adaptation of an earlier version created by Square that's focused on simplicity and speed. Dagger's primary focus is on compile-time analysis of dependencies, code simplicity, and clarity. It uses annotations to define dependencies, thus aiding in easy readability and understanding of the code. Dagger also eliminates the use of reflection to inject dependencies, thus boosting performance. It offers custom scopes to control the lifespan of instances and ensures that dependencies are Singleton across the entire lifespan of certain scopes.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "UMqZ-jmXKDXKuu8bzqDH_": {
+    "title": "Koin",
+    "description": "[Koin](https://insert-koin.io) is a lightweight dependency injection framework developed specifically for Kotlin developers. It uses functional resolution only - no proxy, no code generation, no reflection, and offers simplicity by leveraging Kotlin's language features. While Koin is not related to the Android platform, it provides specific extensions enabling an efficient integration into your Android applications, including [Android Architecture Components](https://developer.android.com/topic/libraries/architecture/index.html) and [Kotlin Coroutines](https://kotlinlang.org/docs/reference/coroutines-overview.html), amongst others.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "ooo_k2k_vUBR_jQ7Ke6Et": {
+    "title": "Hilt",
+    "description": "Hilt is a dependency injection library for Android that reduces the boilerplate code that you would normally need to write when setting up manual dependency injection in your project. It is based on the Dagger library, but it simplifies the implementation process and streamlines the use of Dagger in Android apps. To set it up, you must annotate your Android classes and Hilt will automatically generate and provide the necessary dependencies for you. Moreover, Hilt provides predefined set of components tied to the Android lifecycle which helps to handle scoped instances.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "dc7k50PjCYZcElHhCk66p": {
+    "title": "Kodein",
+    "description": "`Kodein` is one of the recommended dependency injection frameworks suitable for Android development. This open-source Kotlin library simplifies the DI process by allowing developers to bind various types of dependencies, such as singleton, factory, or provider bindings into containers or `Kodein` modules. It promotes dependency declaration where used, instead of prior declaration. It follows a \"Define in Use\" principle that enables easy-to-use, easy-to-debug and very idiomatic Kotlin code. It's also worth noting that `Kodein` works hand in hand with Android's lifecycle and provides easy integration with popular libraries such as Android Architecture Components, leveraging their functionality.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "0fNQWRxst8xRstIfPaPO6": {
+    "title": "Storage",
+    "description": "On Android devices, storage refers to where your data such as apps, photos, videos, and music are saved. It can be categorized into two types: internal and external storage. Internal Storage is where data is stored that's tied directly to your app. This data is private by default and not accessible by other apps. External Storage, on the other hand, is a shared space where all apps can read and write data. It can be further subcategorized into Public and Private directories. Public directories are shared among all apps while private directories are specific to your app but can be accessed by other apps if they have the appropriate permissions. To control the access to these storage types, Android provides a file-based and a Scoped Storage framework. The latter limits apps' access to external storage and gives users more control over their data.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "PKql1HY0PLMfp50FRELXL": {
+    "title": "Shared Preferences",
+    "description": "Shared Preferences in Android are used to store data in key-value pairs. It works similar to a tiny database where you can save small pieces of data such as settings or the state of an application. When data is saved to Shared Preferences, it persists across user sessions, even if your application is killed or gets deleted. Data in Shared Preferences is not typically used for large amounts of data. To perform actions such as saving, retrieving, or editing data in Shared Preferences, you use an instance of `SharedPreferences.Editor`.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "GWq3s1iTxQOp1BstHscJ9": {
+    "title": "DataStore",
+    "description": "`DataStore` is a new and improved data storage solution by Android, meant to supersede `SharedPreferences`. It is important to understand that it comes in two different implementations: `Preferences DataStore` and `Proto DataStore`. `Preferences DataStore` uses key-value pairs similar to `SharedPreferences`, but it's more robust and handles runtime exceptions more efficiently. On the other hand, `Proto DataStore` uses custom data types to provide type safety. It lets you leverage the power of Protocol Buffers, a language-neutral, platform-neutral mechanism for serializing structured data, as the data storage format. Operating on data in `DataStore` is transactional, meaning that if an error occurs during an operation, all changes are rolled back, so the data remains in a consistent state.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "Bfg4So5RlI09zFNcburJd": {
+    "title": "Room Database",
+    "description": "\"Room\" is a persistence library introduced by Google that provides an abstraction layer over SQLite to help with robust database access while harnessing the full power of SQLite. Room supports the creation of databases and defines queries in compile-time-checked SQL strings. These databases belong to the data classes that you create representing your app's data. Room comprises three main components: **Database**, a container that holds your app's data tables; **Entity**, representing a table within the database; and **DAO (Data Access Object)**, containing SQL query methods to interact with the database.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "A4kdaj6AFueUgPI7hwKi5": {
+    "title": "File System",
+    "description": "The Android operating system uses a specific File System structure to store and manage files. It’s primarily based on the Linux File system, with some specific Android features. The File System includes several key directories that are used for specific purposes. For instance, directories such as `/system` hold system apps and firmware, while `/data` contains user data, settings and installed applications, and `/sdcard` usually represents an internal or external SD card for additional storage. It's worth mentioning directories like `/proc`, `/dev`, and `/sys` which are virtual file systems and house important system files. As an Android developer, understanding these directories can help you interact with Android's file system more effectively. Note that access to some of these directories may be restricted depending on system permissions.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "Yb6aKJMMCxU1QVltWg3Dr": {
+    "title": "Network",
+    "description": "In Android, the `Network` component offers vital capabilities that enable communication and interaction among users, between users and remote servers, and between users and cloud services. Android provides a variety of APIs and services to interact with networks. The primary APIs are the `ConnectivityManager`, `WifiManager`, `TelephonyManager`, and `BluetoothManager` APIs, among others. ConnectivityManager, for example, can tell you about network connectivity changes. The **Network** component also involves tools for network monitoring and testing, which can be useful for optimizing app performance and dealing with connectivity issues. Be aware, some network operations are subject to system imposed restrictions and require specific permissions.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "dDMRYiqrKyOBnRRQc8zsp": {
+    "title": "Retro",
+    "description": "Retrofit is a type-safe HTTP client for Android and Java. It's designed to connect your application with an API or a back-end web service. Retrofit uses annotations to encode details about the API's operations and requests, such as the HTTP method (GET, POST, PUT, DELETE, HEAD) and the query parameters. The main advantage of Retrofit over other similar libraries is in its simplicity and intuitiveness, and it efficiently handles all network calls.\n\n    Retrofit retrofit = new Retrofit.Builder()\n                          .baseUrl(\"https://api.example.com\")\n                          .addConverterFactory(GsonConverterFactory.create())\n                          .build();\n    \n    ExampleService service = retrofit.create(ExampleService.class);\n    Call<ExampleResponse> call = service.exampleCall();\n    \n\nThe `baseUrl()` is your API base URL. The `addConverterFactory()` specifies a factory to use for serialization and deserialization. In the example above, the Gson library will handle the conversion of JSON data. The `build()` call finishes the builder and returns the retrofit instance. Finally, `create()` generates an implementation of the `ExampleService` interface.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "5pVuwOItAhUxxJX8ysAsn": {
+    "title": "OkHttp",
+    "description": "`OkHttp` is an HTTP client that's extremely efficient, enabling several advanced features in Android app or other platforms that use Java. Developed by Square, it's built for high efficiency and capacity, simplifying many networking tasks, including connection pooling, response caching, and request retries. OkHttp allows seamless recovery from network issues, minimizing the loss of data. The library ensures fewer errors and higher quality of service by using the modern TLS encryption, extensible request and response models, and a fluent API for ease of use and integration.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "ww0fTbdXwVr-QIOClU7ng": {
+    "title": "Apollo-Android",
+    "description": "**Apollo Android** is a set of tools for using GraphQL with Android, made by the Apollo community developers. It's fully written in Kotlin and it was designed to seamlessly integrate with any Android app, making fetching data across network and handling data in the client-side a breeze. Apollo Android runs your queries and mutations and returns results as generated Kotlin types. It also normalizes your data and caches your results for further speed enhancements. It operates both on Android and Kotlin/JVM backend environment. It's also coroutines-first making handling concurrency easy and effective. To use Apollo Android, you'll set up the plugin, point it at your GraphQL schema, and write GraphQL queries.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "cFYZ2C7yNnY6NHKUNP2Z4": {
+    "title": "Asynchronism",
+    "description": "Asynchronism in Android is a practice that defines operations, which can run independently from the main operation without following the program's linear flow. The Android system uses threads to handle asynchronous processes. These threads function independently, ensuring that complex or time-consuming operations do not interfere with the user interface or other essential parts of the application. Android provides various tools for carrying out asynchronous tasks, such as `Handler`, `ThreadPoolExecutor`, `IntentService`, `AsyncTask`, and `Loader` etc. These tools provide ways to execute tasks on different threads and communicate the results back to the main thread.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "i_cKmTnGAYw8xpHwZHjAd": {
+    "title": "Coroutines",
+    "description": "In Android, `coroutines` refer to a concurrency design pattern that you can use on Android to simplify code that executes asynchronously. `Coroutines` provide a way to write asynchronous, non-blocking code in a natural, sequential manner. The fundamental building blocks of `coroutines` are `suspend` functions which are simply functions that can be paused and resumed at later times. They are the key to writing non-blocking asynchronous code and represent a single unit of asynchronous computation. This aspect of `coroutines` makes them useful for managing long-running tasks that might otherwise block the main thread and cause your application to become unresponsive.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "BeGrA5BDBMZP1Jy7n-wl-": {
+    "title": "Threads",
+    "description": "In Android, a `Thread` is a concurrent unit of execution. It has its own call stack, but can share its state with other threads in the same process, i.e., they can share the same memory area. They're primarily used in Android to perform operations in the background. One important aspect to note is that Android UI operations are not thread-safe, meaning they should always be done on the UI thread. Operations on `Threads` are typically managed through `Handler`, `Looper` and `MessageQueue` classes. Android also provides high-level constructs like `AsyncTask` and `Loader` for managing threads in relation to the UI.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "zXsNEyRbb8UpEOAUv6FpY": {
+    "title": "RxJava",
+    "description": "RxJava (Reactive Extensions for the JVM) is a powerful library for composing asynchronous and event-based programs using observable sequences in Java. If you are an Android developer, you might be familiar with callbacks and async tasks to perform long-running operations in the background. However, handling multiple async tasks and nested callbacks can produce code that's complicated to read and maintain. To alleviate such complexities, RxJava provides tools and methods to create, transform and chain Observable sequences in a clean and declarative manner. In other words, it provides a way to manage asynchronicity and concurrency in your code.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "4h37WBpYxRRyw9oH8ge7o": {
+    "title": "RxKotlin",
+    "description": "`RxKotlin` is a lightweight language extension to Java for Android development, enabling Android apps to be built using Kotlin with Reactivex. It brings the power of reactive programming paradigm to Kotlin, extending its capabilities for processing asynchronous streams of data. It allows you to express static (e.g., already known) or dynamic (e.g., future unknown) data streams, and perform various operations on them easily. Key concepts of `RxKotlin` include Observables, Observers and Schedulers. Observables represent the data streams, Observers interact with the data stream, and Schedulers determine on which thread operations are performed. RxKotlin helps manage background tasks, handle asynchronous data streams, and implement complex UIs, among others. It is especially beneficial for mobile development where UI thread and background thread coordination is essential.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "OAb_JD64uGm2tPoue7w6t": {
+    "title": "WorkManager",
+    "description": "`WorkManager` is an Android library introduced by Google to execute tasks in a predictable and reliable manner. It's designed for tasks that require guaranteed execution, even if the app has been closed or the device restarts. It is backwards compatible up to API 14 and uses JobScheduler for API 23 and above, whilst using a combination of BroadcastReceiver + AlarmManager for APIs 14 and up. Regardless of the device API level, WorkManager works for all Android devices. Three types of work are supported by WorkManager - OneTimeWorkRequest, PeriodicWorkRequest, and DelayedWorkRequest. You can have constraints too for your work execution like work only when there's Internet or work only when the device is in idle state. It also supports work-chaining where you can create a chain of works to be performed in a specific order.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "ZEdn2yy-IwHN3kOYr2ZbC": {
+    "title": "Common Services",
+    "description": "In Android, \"Common Services\" are functional units or components provided by the Android system for use by developers. These services include things such as Location Services (used to determine the device's geographical location), Notification Services (handles the display and management of user notifications), and Sensor Services (interacts with hardware sensors). Other common services are Network and Connectivity Services, Account Manager, and Data Storage Services among others. They simplify the development process by handling complex functionalities behind the scenes, allowing developers to focus on the application's specific needs.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "Xv0es_z64vh-QzivMeAT3": {
+    "title": "Authentication",
+    "description": "Firebase Authentication in Android provides backend services, easy-to-use SDKs, and ready-made UI libraries to authenticate users to your app. It supports authentication using passwords, popular federated identity providers like Google, Facebook and Twitter, and more. Firebase also facilitates integration of functionality to sign in, sign up, and reset password. Moreover, it can be used to secure your database by implementing role-based access to data and to provide personalized experience according to the user's unique identity.\n\nFirebase Authentication offers two methods to authenticate. These are using an `email/password` login provided by Firebase Authentication or a `federated identity provider` like Google or Facebook. It also covers token-based authentication by creating custom tokens or verifying ID tokens. In addition to this, Firebase Authentication works with Firebase's client SDKs for practical use and works for long-running server processes for some of your users.\n\nFirebase Authentication provides a full suite of capabilities even beyond authentication to make your life easier, which includes Security Rules for Cloud Storage and Cloud Firestore, Firebase Dynamic Links, and Firebase Invites.\n\nRemember to always keep your development environment and Firebase console synced for smooth development operations. Any changes to the authentication method in the Firebase console should be reflected in your app and vice versa.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "xB4evbD07n1VrHOIpowV4": {
+    "title": "Crashlytics",
+    "description": "`Crashlytics` is a lightweight, real-time crash reporter that helps you track, prioritize, and fix stability issues that dismantle your app's quality. It delivers fast and precise information about crashes and helps you gain insights into your app's performance so you can pinpoint the exact line of code your app crashed on. Crashlytics offers a comprehensive suite of features like crash analysis, issue aggregation, and tracking user activities that led to a crash. This tool is now a part of Google's `Firebase` platform but can also be used independently.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "1Tz-Shj_Tuz2U8llEAcLr": {
+    "title": "Remote Config",
+    "description": "Firebase Remote Config is a cloud service offered by Firebase. It lets you change the behavior and appearance of your app without requiring a new app release. By using Firebase Remote config, you can customize your app for different user segments, manage the core aspects of your app by modifying parameters externally, and conduct A/B tests to improve your app. It works efficiently by using default values that control the behavior and appearance of your app. When your app needs configuration information, it makes a request to the Firebase Remote Config server. If the server has updated values, these values replace the default ones, hence modifying the app's behavior or appearance according to your needs.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "e3vHFaFFMV7kI9q6yf5e9": {
+    "title": "Cloud Messaging",
+    "description": "Firebase Cloud Messaging (FCM) is a powerful, battery-efficient messaging service that enables you to send messages reliably and securely to your Android applications. It enables you to send two types of messages: \"notification messages\" and \"data messages\". Notification messages are primarily meant for user notifications and will only be delivered when the application is in the foreground. On the other hand, data messages can handle even when the app is in the background or killed and can be used to send custom key-value pairs. FCM also supports various additional features, such as topic messaging to send messages to multiple devices subscribed to a common topic, device group messaging for sending messages to groups of user devices, and upstream messaging for sending messages from the client application to the FCM server.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "3EEfKAd-ppIQpdQSEhbA1": {
+    "title": "FireStore",
+    "description": "Firestore, often referred to as Firebase Firestore or Cloud Firestore, is a flexible, scalable database for mobile, web, and server development from Firebase and Google Cloud. Firestore comes with features like expressive querying, real-time updates, and automatic multi-region data replication. It is designed to offer seamless integration with other Firebase and Google Cloud products. It provides a cloud-based NoSQL database, which means the data is stored as collections of documents. Each document, in turn, contains a set of key-value pairs. Firestore ensures durable networking, so data syncs across client apps in real-time, even when the device is offline, making it easier for you to work with distributed data that can be kept in sync across various clients.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "D4ZXQOKJkyFYNZIy-MJ9Y": {
+    "title": "Google Admob",
+    "description": "Google AdMob is a mobile advertising platform designed for app developers to monetize their apps by displaying ads from over 1 million Google advertisers. AdMob supports a wide range of ad formats, such as banner ads, interstitial ads, video ads, and more. It offers a powerful mediator that enables you to display ads from multiple sources, which includes the Google Mobile Ads SDK, third-party ad networks, and house ad campaigns. Furthermore, AdMob provides analytical tools to better understand your users and maximize ad revenue.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "m5rumeynEbS8T27pelr0-": {
+    "title": "Google Play Services",
+    "description": "_Google Play Services_ is a proprietary background service and API package for Android devices from Google. Operated by Google, the service provides core functionalities like authentication for Google services, synchronized contacts, access to all the latest user privacy settings, and higher quality, lower-powered location-based services. It also speeds up offline searches, provides more immersive maps, and improves gaming experiences. Google Play Services play a crucial role in the operation of various other applications, including those not developed by Google. Moreover, it improves the overall Android experience by speeding up offline searches, providing more detailed maps, enhancing gaming experiences, and more.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "S5FVF9rMgVSSDKXJW2GYb": {
+    "title": "Google Maps",
+    "description": "Google Maps is a crucial service on Android, offering powerful, user-friendly mapping technology and local business information. Google Maps features include street maps, satellite imagery, 360° panoramic views of streets (Street View), real-time traffic conditions (Google Traffic), and route planning for traveling by foot, car, bicycle and air, or public transportation. The service's interface includes a function to overlay various layers such as traffic density, public transit lines, and cycling paths. Google Maps for Android also provides an API, which allows developers to interface with and control certain aspects of the Google Maps service in their applications. This capability subjects to certain usage limits and requirements set by Google.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "77F9F3oI5CPgwgM_hxWfa": {
+    "title": "Linting",
+    "description": "`Linting` in Android is a tool that analyzes the source code of your application to identify potential errors, bugs, stylistic errors, and suspicious constructs. The term Linting came from a Unix utility that examined C language source code. In Android, it not only checks for potential Java issues but also for XML layout files and provides alerts for issues it encounters regarding usability, performance, and accessibility. For instance, it may scrutinize a draft of your AndroidManifest.xml file for potential duplication of elements or other anomalies that would cause the app to crash.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "zMbXQH17Q52opdbitPzj7": {
+    "title": "Ktlint",
+    "description": "`ktlint` is a static code analysis tool. It enforces a highly consistent style and adheres extensively to the official Kotlin coding conventions. `ktlint` does not have any configuration options (by design). The only exceptions are disabling specific rule(s) and specifying indentation size. `ktlint` can check, as well as automatically fix your code. Its main goal is to bring unified code style to your project. It works on the command line as well, so it can be hooked up into your continuous integration pipeline. It also has Ant, Gradle and Maven wrappers. You can use Ktlint on any Android/Kotlin project, as long as you have Gradle or Maven installed.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "RUvuCp_JK5MQQT13SSHUV": {
+    "title": "Detekt",
+    "description": "`Detekt` is a static code analysis tool for the Kotlin programming language. It operates on the abstract syntax tree provided by the Kotlin compiler and can run in the command line or as a task in your Gradle build script. Detekt provides complexity reports that can be used to identify overly complex code and help simplify it. It also checks for a variety of potential bugs and code smells, including issues with formatting, naming conventions, exception handling, and more. Moreover, Detekt is highly configurable, allowing you to enable, disable, or modify the behavior of its checks to suit your project's needs.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "6KbSUAoT_jTudFoIbwMpA": {
+    "title": "Debugging",
+    "description": "\"Debugging\" is a critical step in the app development process. In Android development, it includes identifying and fixing errors, or bugs, in your code. You can debug Android apps using several tools and techniques. For example, Android Studio, the primary integrated development environment (IDE) for Android, comes with a built-in debugging tool, the Android Debug Bridge (ADB). This command-line tool allows you to communicate your device and perform various actions like installing and debugging apps. Android Studio also supports step-by-step debugging, where you can set breakpoints in your code and inspect the application state at those points. Additionally, you can use log messages to monitor the behavior of your application, which is especially useful for understanding the state of your app during runtime. Remember that before debugging, you need to build your app in debug mode.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "VFOD4JrV8kZ2583G3oT95": {
+    "title": "Timber",
+    "description": "`Timber` is a logging utility tool that has been specifically extended from the `Log` class of Android. It has been built to simplify the logging process while aiming to reduce the amount of boilerplate code the developer has to write. It was designed and is maintained by Jake Wharton, a renowned contributor in the Android Developer community. In Timber, each log message is directed to the next available logger, reducing the redundancy of manually assigning log tags. The simplicity of Timber is highlighted by its ability to log without defining any tag. Most importantly, Timber only logs messages in debug builds by default, avoiding potential data leaks in your production application.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "3i4g9ZWgLxKb2UMgRJi4Q": {
+    "title": "Leak Canary",
+    "description": "LeakCanary is a powerful open-source memory leak detection library for Android and Java. It is integrated into your app, and once you run your app, LeakCanary immediately starts watching for memory leaks and captures a memory dump if it detects one. After investigation, it will present a full stack trace to help you pinpoint the exact location of the memory leak. With the LeakCanary's user-friendly interface, you can then analyze the memory leak right in your app. The most recent version of LeakCanary also includes other improvements like automatic detection of leaks in Activity, Fragment, View, ViewModel, LiveData, etc.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "7RKN1FNtRE_BE6QeAQrKb": {
+    "title": "Chucker",
+    "description": "`Chucker` is an open-source debugging library created for Android applications. It has been designed to be easy to use and convenient for developers. This library intercepts and records all HTTP requests and responses inside your application, which helps to visualize and share this information in an understandable and easy-to-read format. Using Chucker's distinct features, you can inspect all the HTTP and HTTPS traffic going in and out of your app directly. In addition, it provides other nifty features such as a user-friendly interface to view the server's raw response. It's like having a built-in network inspector in your debugging tool, enabling you to solve network-related issues more efficiently.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "ACUJlDDR0jqEohsFzWEoQ": {
+    "title": "Jetpack Benchmark",
+    "description": "Jetpack Benchmark is a library within the Android Jetpack Suite that allows developers to quickly and accurately measure the performance of their apps. This library can help measure CPU, memory, and IO performance of code in Android apps. Developers can define some specific code paths to be benchmarked by wrapping the code in `BenchmarkRule.measureRepeated {}`. In addition, it automatically takes care of warmup, measures your code performance, and outputs benchmarking results to the Android Studio's logcat.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "ZOQm5OlzCA-h_yxywwDrW": {
+    "title": "Testing",
+    "description": "_**Android Testing**_ is a crucial part of the app development process. It involves validating the functionality, performance, usability, and consistency of your app before deploying it to the Play Store. There are two types of testing methods notably used: **Unit testing** and **Instrumentation testing**. Unit testing, as the name suggests, tests each unit or segment of your code separately. It doesn't require Android dependencies and hence, runs faster. Instrumentation testing, on another hand, requires Android dependencies and is slower. Instrumentation testing tests the UIs, simulates user interactions and validates the navigation between different parts of your app. Android provides built-in testing frameworks like `JUnit` for unit testing and `Espresso` for Instrumentation testing. These can effectively test different parts of your app, assuring its robustness.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "-ONSC-ImGSELbamKmjIlH": {
+    "title": "Espresso",
+    "description": "Espresso is a testing framework provided by Android to create UI tests for Android applications. It automatically synchronizes your test actions with the UI of your application, ensuring that your test will only proceed when the necessary UI activities have been completed. In Espresso, you can programmatically simulate user interactions like clicking buttons, typing text, or swiping screens, and then examine the UI's state to confirm it's as expected. Espresso tests can run on devices running Android 4.3 (API level 18) or higher. It's important to note that Espresso tests are written based on what the user can see on the screen.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "gvGAwjk_nhEgxzZ_c3f6b": {
+    "title": "JUnit",
+    "description": "JUnit is a popular testing framework for Java programming. It forms the basis for many other testing libraries and tools in the Android ecosystem, making it important for any Android developer to become familiar with. The basic use of JUnit involves annotations such as `@Test`, indicating methods that represent a single test case. Other useful features include `@Before` and `@After` which allow for setup and teardown processes to be defined clearly. Another powerful feature in JUnit is the ability to create parameterized tests, effectively running the same test multiple times with different inputs.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "kc6buUsLAeZeUb4Tk0apM": {
+    "title": "Distribution",
+    "description": "Distribution in Android refers to the methods and channels you can use to get your Android application into the hands of users. You can choose to distribute your app on the Google Play Store, which is the official app store for the Android operating system. This platform makes your app available to users in various countries around the world. Additionally, you can also opt to distribute your app through other third-party app stores or even your own website. Furthermore, Google provides a range of distribution options such as country targeting, device targeting, and staged rollouts, which can be customized according to your distribution strategy. Remember, when you submit your application for distribution, you must adhere to the respective app store's policy and content guidelines.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "T7q_quNaIAuGi96OdnDT1": {
+    "title": "Firebase Distribution",
+    "description": "Firebase Distribution is a development tool within the Google Firebase suite that allows you to share pre-release versions of your Android apps with your development team. It enables you to distribute your app binaries to multiple testers and teams to get feedback before the app's official launch. Firebase Distribution supports both Android and iOS applications and works in tandem with other features, like Firebase Crashlytics, to effectively manage the testing and debugging aspects of your application's lifecycle.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "HgRdgi2Hu4C8YLG5PXfoo": {
+    "title": "Google Playstore",
+    "description": "**Google Play Store** is the official distribution channel for Android apps and other digital media content. It is a global online software store developed and operated by Google. Developers submit their applications to Google Play through the Play Console where Google Play's automated systems scan for potentially malicious code and content violations, before they are published on the Play Store. Users can then browse, download, and use these applications on their Android devices or via the web. Purchases, downloads, and user feedback can be tracked via the Google Play Console. Owners of Android devices can also configure automatic updates for the applications they have installed from the store. This platform supports multiple languages and multiple forms of payment methods, making it accessible and customer-friendly.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "_FSlD_qTz5Xo0x3pB6sZI": {
+    "title": "Signed APK",
+    "description": "A **Signed APK** is a version of your app that you prepare for distribution in the Play Store or other Android markets. When you sign your app using a private key, you authenticate your identity as the developer of the app. It is a required step by the Android system that ensures only updates to the APK that are from the original developer will be accepted. The Android system refuses to install an app if it's not signed appropriately, thereby protecting users from potential security risks. Please make sure that you keep your private key in a safe place for future updates to your app, losing it would imply that you cannot update your app anymore.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "4_e76QafrB419S2INOeKd": {
+    "title": "Interface & Navigation",
+    "description": "In Android development, the concepts of \"Interface\" and \"Navigation\" are crucial. The \"Interface\" often refers to the Graphical User Interface (GUI) that users interact with. This includes buttons, text fields, image views, scroll views and other UI elements that the users can interact with to perform certain tasks. Tools like XML and Material Designs are used for interface design in Android. Meanwhile, \"Navigation\" refers to the interactions that allow users to navigate across, into, and back out from the different pieces of content within the app, following a clear path, like a map. Android uses the Navigation Component, a suite of libraries, tools, and guidance on constructing in-app navigation. Understanding both these elements, Interface and Navigation, is fundamental to creating an intuitive and user-friendly Android application.",
+    "links": []
+  }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/public/roadmap-content/angular.json b/public/roadmap-content/angular.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5e577d161
--- /dev/null
+++ b/public/roadmap-content/angular.json
@@ -0,0 +1,2384 @@
+{
+  "KDd40JOAvZ8O1mfhTYB3K": {
+    "title": "Introduction to Angular",
+    "description": "Angular is a popular open-source front-end web application framework developed by Google. It is written in TypeScript and allows developers to build dynamic, single-page web applications with ease. Angular provides a comprehensive set of features for creating interactive and responsive user interfaces, making it a powerful tool for modern web development.\n\nOne of the key features of Angular is its use of components, which are reusable building blocks for creating web applications. Components encapsulate the HTML, CSS, and TypeScript code needed to define a specific part of a web page, making it easier to manage and maintain complex applications. Angular also includes a powerful dependency injection system, which helps manage the dependencies between different parts of an application and promotes code reusability. Additionally, Angular provides tools for routing, form handling, and state management, making it a versatile framework for building a wide range of web applications.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": " Angular website",
+        "url": "https://angularjs.org/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "DE3cMpeRYuUPw2ADtfS-3": {
+    "title": "Angular Architecture",
+    "description": "Visit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Angular coding style guide",
+        "url": "https://angular.dev/style-guide",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "EbFRcy4s6yzzIApBqU77Y": {
+    "title": "Setting up a New Project",
+    "description": "Visit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Installation",
+        "url": "https://angular.dev/installation",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Setting up the local environment and workspace",
+        "url": "https://angular.dev/tools/cli/setup-local",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Build your first Angular app",
+        "url": "https://angular.dev/tutorials/first-app",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "hpShWwL0M57ZAzqkB4I8t": {
+    "title": "Angular and History",
+    "description": "Angular is a web framework that empowers developers to build fast, reliable applications.\n\nMaintained by a dedicated team at Google, Angular provides a broad suite of tools, APIs, and libraries to simplify and streamline your development workflow. Angular gives you a solid platform on which to build fast, reliable applications that scale with both the size of your team and the size of your codebase.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is Angular?",
+        "url": "https://angular.dev/overview",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "kGnKzCkQCNFEdgCBRtNuW": {
+    "title": "Components",
+    "description": "Components are the main building block for Angular applications. Each component consists of:\n\n*   An HTML template that declares what renders on the page\n*   A TypeScript class that defines the behavior\n*   A CSS selector that defines how the component is used in a template\n*   Optionally, CSS styles applied to the template\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Anatomy of a component",
+        "url": "https://angular.dev/guide/components",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Composing with Components in Angular",
+        "url": "https://angular.dev/essentials/components",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Angular",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/angular?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Standalone Components in Angular",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x5PZwb4XurU",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "Mp056kNnwsRWeEXuhGPy-": {
+    "title": "Component Anatomy",
+    "description": "Angular components are the foundational building blocks of Angular applications, designed to encapsulate both the UI and the business logic.\n\nEvery component must have:\n\n*   A TypeScript class with behaviors\n*   An HTML template\n*   A CSS selector\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Anatomy of a component",
+        "url": "https://angular.dev/guide/components",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "dOMvz__EQjO-3p-Nzm-7P": {
+    "title": "Provider",
+    "description": "Configure the injector of component with a token that maps to a provider of a dependency.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Configuring dependency providers",
+        "url": "https://angular.dev/guide/di/dependency-injection-providers",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Component - API",
+        "url": "https://angular.dev/api/core/Component#providers",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "uYHy2yhtTm6fQkKpYx3lU": {
+    "title": "changeDetection",
+    "description": "The change-detection strategy to use for this component.\n\nWhen a component is instantiated, Angular creates a change detector, which is responsible for propagating the component's bindings. The strategy is one of:\n\n*   `ChangeDetectionStrategy.OnPush` sets the strategy to CheckOnce (on demand).\n*   `ChangeDetectionStrategy.Default` sets the strategy to CheckAlways.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Advanced component configuration",
+        "url": "https://angular.dev/guide/components/advanced-configuration#changedetectionstrategy",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Component - API",
+        "url": "https://angular.dev/api/core/Component#changeDetection",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "-gUpm3OLUJl9iAyx6fmHN": {
+    "title": "Template",
+    "description": "`template` metadata is a property defined within the `@Component` decorator that specifies the HTML template for the component. It allows you to define the structure and layout of the component's view.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Template syntax",
+        "url": "https://angular.dev/guide/templates",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Component - API",
+        "url": "https://angular.dev/api/core/Component#template",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "RcNHEh6kmbBK1PICbhAwr": {
+    "title": "Standalone",
+    "description": "A standalone component is a component that sets `standalone: true` in its component metadata. Standalone components directly import other components, directives, and pipes used in their templates\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Standalone components",
+        "url": "https://angular.dev/guide/components/importing#standalone-components",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Component - API",
+        "url": "https://angular.dev/api/core/Component#standalone",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "doHDoAgp7T59KGSXPpQzZ": {
+    "title": "viewProvider",
+    "description": "Defines the set of injectable objects that are visible to its view DOM children.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Using the viewProviders array",
+        "url": "https://angular.dev/guide/di/hierarchical-dependency-injection#using-the-viewproviders-array",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Component - API",
+        "url": "https://angular.dev/api/core/Component#viewProviders",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "ctigvSYeFa77y3v7m11gk": {
+    "title": "Encapsulation",
+    "description": "An encapsulation policy for the component's styling. Possible values:\n\n*   `ViewEncapsulation.Emulated`: Apply modified component styles in order to emulate a native Shadow DOM CSS encapsulation behavior.\n*   `ViewEncapsulation.None`: Apply component styles globally without any sort of encapsulation.\n*   `ViewEncapsulation.ShadowDom`: Use the browser's native Shadow DOM API to encapsulate styles.\n\nIf not supplied, the value is taken from the CompilerOptions which defaults to `ViewEncapsulation.Emulated`.\n\nIf the policy is `ViewEncapsulation.Emulated` and the component has no styles nor {@link Component#styleUrls styleUrls}, the policy is automatically switched to `ViewEncapsulation.None`.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Style scoping",
+        "url": "https://angular.dev/guide/components/styling#style-scoping",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Component - API",
+        "url": "https://angular.dev/api/core/Component#encapsulation",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "cDN0PGo-zkcLmttxCiAI-": {
+    "title": "Selector",
+    "description": "In Angular, the `selector` metadata is a crucial property defined within the `@Component` decorator that specifies how the component can be identified and used in HTML templates. It determines the way the component is rendered in the DOM, allowing developers to create reusable and easily identifiable components.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Component selectors",
+        "url": "https://angular.dev/guide/components/selectors",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Component - API",
+        "url": "https://angular.dev/api/core/Component#selector",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "4XJKEmSrQfPxggHlAP30w": {
+    "title": "Styles",
+    "description": "This metadata allows developers to apply CSS styles directly to a component, enhancing its appearance and ensuring that styles are scoped to that particular component.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Styling components",
+        "url": "https://angular.dev/guide/components/styling",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Component - API",
+        "url": "https://angular.dev/api/core/Component#styles",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "ghbrJhuGvscnNGCtVLh5_": {
+    "title": "Imports",
+    "description": "The `imports` property specifies the `standalone` component's template dependencies — those directives, components, and pipes that can be used within its template.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Importing and using components",
+        "url": "https://angular.dev/guide/components/importing",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Component - API",
+        "url": "https://angular.dev/api/core/Component#imports",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "Szgr8dnZNi-z5i6raIJzW": {
+    "title": "Metadata",
+    "description": "Metadata in Angular components refers to the configuration information that is used to define and configure the behavior of a component. It is specified using decorators, which are functions that add metadata to classes, properties, and methods.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Component - API",
+        "url": "https://angular.dev/api/core/Component",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "19c7D-fWIJ3vYFT6h8ZfN": {
+    "title": "Communication",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "TDyFjKrIZJnCjEZsojPNQ": {
+    "title": "Parent-Child Interaction",
+    "description": "In angular parent-child communication is commonly used to share data between two components.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Medium - Parent-Child Communication",
+        "url": "https://jaspritk.medium.com/parent-child-communication-in-angular-888373e0b69e",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "v0XaLNZ-YrRqP-xv8wS43": {
+    "title": "ViewChild",
+    "description": "View queries retrieve results from the elements in the component's view — the elements defined in the component's own template.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "View queries",
+        "url": "https://angular.dev/guide/components/queries#view-queries",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "viewChild - signal",
+        "url": "https://angular.dev/guide/signals/queries#viewchild",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "viewChildren - signal",
+        "url": "https://angular.dev/guide/signals/queries#viewchildren",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "viewChild - API",
+        "url": "https://angular.dev/api/core/viewChild",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "oQl9etjoHiU2JgxieUOEH": {
+    "title": "ContentChild",
+    "description": "Content queries retrieve results from the elements in the component's content— the elements nested inside the component in the template where it's used.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Content queries - signal",
+        "url": "https://angular.dev/guide/signals/queries#content-queries",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Content queries",
+        "url": "https://angular.dev/guide/components/queries#content-queries",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "contentChild - API",
+        "url": "https://angular.dev/api/core/contentChild",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "nCpfj_35ZvW-NTygg06XZ": {
+    "title": "Component Lifecycle",
+    "description": "A component instance has a lifecycle that starts when Angular instantiates the component class and renders the component view along with its child views. The lifecycle continues with change detection, as Angular checks to see when data-bound properties change, and updates both the view and the component instance as needed. The lifecycle ends when Angular destroys the component instance and removes its rendered template from the DOM. Directives have a similar lifecycle, as Angular creates, updates, and destroys instances in the course of execution.\n\nYour application can use lifecycle hook methods to tap into key events in the lifecycle of a component or directive to initialize new instances, initiate change detection when needed, respond to updates during change detection, and clean up before deletion of instances.\n\nThe following life cycle hooks of angular are :\n\n`OnChanges` , `OnInit` , `DoCheck` , `OnDestroy` , `AfterContentInit` , `AfterContentChecked` , `AfterViewInit` , `AfterViewChecked`\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Component Lifecycle",
+        "url": "https://angular.dev/guide/components/lifecycle",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "The life cycle hooks of angular - Blog ",
+        "url": "https://blog.logrocket.com/angular-lifecycle-hooks/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about React Hooks",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/react-hooks?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "tC5ETtOuuUcybj1jI4CuG": {
+    "title": "Dynamic Components",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "b_kdNS9PDupcUftslkf9i": {
+    "title": "Modules",
+    "description": "Modules in Angular act like a container where we can group the components, directives, pipes, and services, related to the application.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Importing and using components",
+        "url": "https://angular.dev/guide/components/importing",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Introduction to Modules",
+        "url": "https://angular.dev/guide/ngmodules",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Angular",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/angular?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "BCq5sgWQLiw0f7u7ZSAd2": {
+    "title": "Module Architecture",
+    "description": "Angular’s module architecture organizes an application into cohesive units called NgModules, each defined by the @NgModule decorator. These modules group related components, directives, pipes, and services to encapsulate functionality and promote modular development. The root module (AppModule) is the entry point, bootstrapping the application and importing essential modules like BrowserModule. Feature modules encapsulate specific functionalities and can be eagerly or lazily loaded to improve performance and manageability. Shared modules group reusable components and services to prevent code duplication. The @NgModule metadata includes properties like imports, declarations, exports, providers, and bootstrap, which help manage dependencies, declarations, visibility, service providers, and the root component. This modular approach enhances code organization, scalability, and maintainability in Angular applications.\n\nVisit following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Angular Architecture",
+        "url": "https://dev.to/digitaldino/angular-architecture-39no",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "ex8FOKrUlbu4MuEq2czyW": {
+    "title": "Creating Components",
+    "description": "You can either use Angular CLI to create the Angular components or create it manually.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Build your first Angular app",
+        "url": "https://angular.dev/tutorials/first-app",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Components",
+        "url": "https://angular.dev/essentials/components",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Angular CLI - ng generate components",
+        "url": "https://angular.dev/guide/components",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "9YhTXybJw2gszlqFeBtW3": {
+    "title": "Creating Modules",
+    "description": "Creating modules in Angular helps organize your application into manageable, cohesive units. Each module can encapsulate related components, directives, pipes, and services. Here's a detailed guide on how to create and use modules in Angular.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Angular Official Docs (Feature Modules)",
+        "url": "https://angular.dev/guide/ngmodules/feature-modules",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "w_BazXvINFyxDCHmlznfy": {
+    "title": "Feature Modules",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "bLERvEERmNI5AgxtEYokZ": {
+    "title": "Lazy Loading Modules",
+    "description": "By default, NgModules are eagerly loaded. This means that as soon as the application loads, so do all the NgModules, whether they are immediately necessary or not. For large applications with lots of routes, consider lazy loading —a design pattern that loads NgModules as needed. Lazy loading helps keep initial bundle sizes smaller, which in turn helps decrease load times.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Angular Official Docs - Lazy Loading",
+        "url": "https://angular.dev/guide/ngmodules/lazy-loading",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Angular Lazy Loading",
+        "url": "https://www.bairesdev.com/blog/angular-lazy-loading/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Lazy Loading in Angular: Improving Performance and User Experience",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mjhi27YfV8Y",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "5b590c7s-2XJ0rgdCYxLa": {
+    "title": "Dependencies",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "6fhe9xAi_RSVfa-KKbcbV": {
+    "title": "Templates",
+    "description": "A Template is a form of HTML which tells Angular to go towards another component. To create many Angular features, special syntax within the templates is used.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Template Syntax",
+        "url": "https://angular.dev/guide/templates",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Angular",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/angular?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "XHpfHRIlFh19FJIE07u7i": {
+    "title": "Interpolation",
+    "description": "Interpolation refers to embedding expressions into marked up text. By default, interpolation uses the double curly braces {{ and }} as delimiters. Angular replaces currentCustomer with the string value of the corresponding component property.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Angular Official Website",
+        "url": "https://angular.dev/guide/templates/interpolation",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Displaying values with interpolation",
+        "url": "https://angular.dev/guide/templates/interpolation",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "t2YOeMONlcnKBrVAo0JDc": {
+    "title": "Template Statements",
+    "description": "Template statements are methods or properties that you can use in your HTML to respond to user events. With template statements, your application can engage users through actions such as displaying dynamic content or submitting forms. Enclose the event in `()` which causes Angular to evaluate the right hand side of the assignment as one or more template statements chained together using semicolon `;`.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Angular Official Website",
+        "url": "https://angular.dev/guide/templates/template-statements",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Understanding Template Statements",
+        "url": "https://angular.dev/guide/templates/template-statements#",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "WH5wlyOtrqFHBJx7RFJwS": {
+    "title": "Understand Binding",
+    "description": "In an Angular template, a binding creates a live connection between view and the model and keeps them both in sync.\n\n*   **property**: helps you set values for properties of HTML elements or directives.\n*   **attributes**: helps you set values for attributes of HTML elements directly.\n*   **event**: lets you listen for and respond to user actions such as keystrokes, mouse movements, clicks, and touches.\n*   **data**: It's a combination of property and event binding and helps you share data between components.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Angular Official Website",
+        "url": "https://angular.dev/guide/templates/binding",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "5vZkiH7HDwONIABLfNJ06": {
+    "title": "Data Binding",
+    "description": "In an Angular template, a binding creates a live connection between a part of the UI created from a template (a DOM element, directive, or component) and the model (the component instance to which the template belongs). This connection can be used to synchronize the view with the model, to notify the model when an event or user action takes place in the view, or both. Angular's Change Detection algorithm is responsible for keeping the view and the model in sync. Bindings always have two parts: a target which will receive the bound value, and a template expression which produces a value from the model.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Angular Official Docs - Understand Binding",
+        "url": "https://angular.dev/guide/templates/binding",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Data Binding in Angular",
+        "url": "https://www.angularminds.com/blog/data-binding-in-angular",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "TJOZfHtsLfwA0CZ2bd1b2": {
+    "title": "Property Binding",
+    "description": "Property binding helps you set values for properties of HTML elements or directives. To bind to an element's property, enclose it in square brackets `[]` which causes Angular to evaluate the right-hand side of the assignment as a dynamic expression.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Angular Official Website",
+        "url": "https://angular.dev/guide/templates/property-binding",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "FgsSyM6To7irpbivtOLEE": {
+    "title": "Attribute Binding",
+    "description": "Attribute binding in Angular helps you set values for attributes directly. With attribute binding, you can improve accessibility, style your application dynamically, and manage multiple CSS classes or styles simultaneously.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Angular Official Docs - Attribute Binding",
+        "url": "https://angular.dev/guide/templates/attribute-binding",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is difference between binding to attribute and binding to property in Angular?",
+        "url": "https://stackoverflow.com/questions/76967327/what-is-difference-between-binding-to-attribute-and-binding-to-property-in-angul",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "bKnpirSvex4oE4lAjiSSV": {
+    "title": "Event Binding",
+    "description": "Event binding lets you listen for and respond to user actions such as keystrokes, mouse movements, clicks, and touches.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Angular Official Docs - Event Binding",
+        "url": "https://angular.dev/guide/templates/event-binding",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Event Binding in Angular",
+        "url": "https://www.knowledgehut.com/blog/web-development/event-binding-in-angular",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "2UH79nCjgtY1Qz1YjUJYL": {
+    "title": "Two-way Binding",
+    "description": "Two-way binding gives components in your application a way to share data. Use two-way binding to listen for events and update values simultaneously between parent and child components. Angular's two-way binding syntax is a combination of square brackets and parentheses, `[()]`, commonly known as `banana in a box`.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Angular Official Docs - Two-way binding",
+        "url": "https://angular.dev/guide/templates/two-way-binding",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How to implement two-way data binding in Angular",
+        "url": "https://www.angularminds.com/blog/how-to-implement-two-way-data-binding-in-angular",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "VzvB_bads057YtG4ST4a2": {
+    "title": "Control Flow",
+    "description": "Angular templates support control flow blocks that let you conditionally show, hide, and repeat elements.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Built-in control flow",
+        "url": "https://angular.dev/guide/templates/control-flow",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "Wc2ybRw43uamEtno0FpDv": {
+    "title": "Template Ref Vars",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "VsU6713jeIjAOEZnF6gWx": {
+    "title": "@Input & @Output",
+    "description": "`@Input()` and `@Output()` give a child component a way to communicate with its parent component. `@Input()` lets a parent component update data in the child component. Conversely, `@Output()` lets the child send data to a parent component.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Angular Official Website - inputs",
+        "url": "https://angular.dev/guide/components/inputs",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Angular Official Website - outputs",
+        "url": "https://angular.dev/guide/components/outputs",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "nyDry6ZWyEUuTq4pw-lU3": {
+    "title": "Template Ref Vars",
+    "description": "Template reference variables help you use data from one part of a template in another part of the template. A template variable can refer to a DOM element within a template, component or directive. In the template, use the hash symbol, `#`, to declare a template reference variable.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Angular Official Website",
+        "url": "https://angular.dev/guide/templates/reference-variables",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "VsC7UmE_AumsBP8fC6to1": {
+    "title": "Template Syntax",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "U1Zy2T-2ki9pDkXn9hn-I": {
+    "title": "@if",
+    "description": "The @if block conditionally displays its content when its condition expression is truthy. Content is added and removed from the DOM based on the evaluation of conditional expressions in the @if and @else blocks.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Angular Official Docs - @if",
+        "url": "https://angular.dev/api/core/@if",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Narrow Down signal value type within an if statement",
+        "url": "https://egghead.io/lessons/angular-narrow-down-angular-s-signal-value-type-within-an-if-statement",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "ORdPDad4HWJAfcZuS-7yM": {
+    "title": "@else",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "ys5untkSppGMFK-VsfuRt": {
+    "title": "@else if",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "2kYS9w1UzQFZ1zhf01m9L": {
+    "title": "@for",
+    "description": "The @for block repeatedly renders content of a block for each item in a collection.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Angular Official Docs - @for",
+        "url": "https://angular.dev/api/core/@for",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "nZuim4Fjq6jYOXcRTAEay": {
+    "title": "@switch",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "cHC2MH50CbUSMRZV4QGJI": {
+    "title": "@case",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "h4MMn0_qUN3YXEdMUJOyd": {
+    "title": "@default",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "AwOM0ucg6W7TohdUd7KWT": {
+    "title": "@let",
+    "description": "@let allows you to define a local variable and re-use it across the template.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Angular Official Docs - @let",
+        "url": "https://angular.dev/api/core/@let",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Angular's next feature let syntax",
+        "url": "https://nhannguyendevjs.medium.com/angulars-next-feature-let-syntax-afba6354112b",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "ONy-0olujU_FGZM7Wvfr2": {
+    "title": "@defer",
+    "description": "A type of block that can be used to defer load the JavaScript for components, directives and pipes used inside a component template.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Angular Official Docs - @defer",
+        "url": "https://angular.dev/api/core/@defer",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Angular Defer Complete Guide",
+        "url": "https://blog.angular-university.io/angular-defer/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How to use Angular's defer block to improve performance",
+        "url": "https://angular.love/en/how-to-use-angulars-defer-block-to-improve-performance",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "j99WQxuTzGeBBVoReDp_y": {
+    "title": "Pipes",
+    "description": "Use pipes to transform strings, currency amounts, dates, and other data for display. Pipes are simple functions to use in template expressions to accept an input value and return a transformed value. Pipes are useful because you can use them throughout your application , some common pipes are\n\n`DatePipe` | `UpperCasePipe` | `LowerCasePipe` | `CurrencyPipe` | `DecimalPipe` | `PercentPipe`\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Understanding Pipes",
+        "url": "https://angular.dev/guide/pipes",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "BuiltIn Pipes - examples",
+        "url": "https://codecraft.tv/courses/angular/pipes/built-in-pipes/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "_-mTs_FMeob-ZGK-bb3j-": {
+    "title": "Change Detection",
+    "description": "Change detection is the process through which Angular checks to see whether your application state has changed, and if any DOM needs to be updated. At a high level, Angular walks your components from top to bottom, looking for changes. Angular runs its change detection mechanism periodically so that changes to the data model are reflected in an application’s view. Change detection can be triggered either manually or through an asynchronous event\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Runtime performance optimization",
+        "url": "https://angular.dev/best-practices/runtime-performance",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "ChangeDetectionStrategy",
+        "url": "https://angular.dev/guide/components/advanced-configuration#changedetectionstrategy",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "4 Runtime Performance Optimizations ( Change detection )",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f8sA-i6gkGQ",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "i2taHzQ5KLHjkkpbH4Ytd": {
+    "title": "Common Pipes",
+    "description": "Angular provides built-in pipes for typical data transformations, including transformations for internationalization (i18n), which use locale information to format data. The following are commonly used built-in pipes for data formatting:\n\n*   DatePipe: Formats a date value according to locale rules.\n*   UpperCasePipe: Transforms text to all upper case.\n*   LowerCasePipe: Transforms text to all lower case.\n*   CurrencyPipe: Transforms a number to a currency string, formatted according to locale rules.\n*   DecimalPipe: Transforms a number into a string with a decimal point, formatted according to locale rules.\n*   PercentPipe: Transforms a number to a percentage string, formatted according to locale rules.\n*   AsyncPipe: Subscribe and unsubscribe to an asynchronous source such as an observable.\n*   JsonPipe: Display a component object property to the screen as JSON for debugging.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Angular Official Docs - Pipes",
+        "url": "https://angular.dev/guide/pipes",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Pipes in Angular",
+        "url": "https://medium.com/@aqeelabbas3972/pipes-in-angular-6a871589299d",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "nZxZnzbQg9dz-SI65UHq9": {
+    "title": "Pipes Precedence",
+    "description": "The pipe operator has a higher precedence than the JavaScript ternary operator.\n\nYou should always use parentheses to be sure Angular evaluates the expression as you intend.\n\n    (condition ? a : b) | pipe\n    \n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Precedence",
+        "url": "https://angular.dev/guide/pipes/precedence",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is the precedence between pipe and ternary operators?",
+        "url": "https://iq.js.org/questions/angular/what-is-the-precedence-between-pipe-and-ternary-operators",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "BOYXGfULJRiP-XOo_lNX3": {
+    "title": "Custom Pipes",
+    "description": "Pipes to transform strings, currency amounts, dates, and other data for display. Pipes are simple functions in template expressions to accept an input value and return a transformed value. Pipes are helpful because you can use them throughout your application while only declaring each pipe once. For example, you would use a pipe to show the date as April 15, 1988, rather than the raw string format.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Custom pipes for new transforms",
+        "url": "https://angular.dev/guide/pipes/transform-data",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Create a custom pipe video for Beginners",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P2587FN4Y0w",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "mRB-0CRdGwvxPqZbz08yj": {
+    "title": "@else if",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "kGzlumFdZFxTRZ3HnCGFO": {
+    "title": "Directives",
+    "description": "SKDirectives are classes that add additional behavior to elements in your Angular applications. Use Angular's built-in directives to manage forms, lists, styles, and what users see.\n\n`NgClass` Adds and removes a set of CSS classes. | `NgStyle` Adds and removes a set of HTML styles. | `NgModel` Adds two-way data binding to an HTML form element.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Built-in directives",
+        "url": "https://angular.dev/guide/directives/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "BuiltIn Directives Types",
+        "url": "https://thinkster.io/tutorials/angular-2-directives",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "xk3v8p6vf8ntGj5c-IU4U": {
+    "title": "Structural Directives",
+    "description": "Structural directives are directives applied to an `<ng-template>` element that conditionally or repeatedly renders the content of that `<ng-template>`. If you just wrap elements in an `<ng-template>` without applying a structural directive, those elements will not be rendered.\n\nIn Angular, there are three standard structural directives:\n\n*   `*ngIf` – conditionally includes a template depending on the value of an expression returned by a Boolean.\n*   `*ngFor` – makes it simple to iterate over an array.\n*   `*ngSwitch` – renders each matching view.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Angular Official Docs - Structural Directives",
+        "url": "https://angular.dev/guide/directives/structural-directives",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Structural Directives in Angular",
+        "url": "https://medium.com/@eugeniyoz/structural-directives-in-angular-61fe522f3427",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Angular Structural Directive Patterns: What they are and how to use them",
+        "url": "https://www.freecodecamp.org/news/angular-structural-directive-patterns-what-they-are-and-how-to-use-them/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "xvwby0FTdIolRrV2j88fY": {
+    "title": "Attribute Directives",
+    "description": "Change the appearance or behavior of DOM elements and Angular components with attribute directives.\n\nThe most used attribute directives are:\n\n*   ngClass\n*   ngStyle\n*   ngModel\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Angular Official Docs - Attribute Directives",
+        "url": "https://angular.dev/guide/directives/attribute-directives",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Angular Attribute Directive",
+        "url": "https://www.scaler.com/topics/angular/angular-attribute-directive/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "7GUvTMVzfdVEDBOz-tHUT": {
+    "title": "Custom Directives",
+    "description": "Directives are the functions that will execute whenever the Angular compiler finds them. Angular Directives enhance the capability of HTML elements by attaching custom behaviors to the DOM.\n\nFrom the core concept, Angular directives are categorized into three categories: Attribute Directives, Structural Directives, and Component Directives.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Create a custom directive video for Beginners",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AoN56g6UAsE",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "a74v78SvGtWduZpXs7wSq": {
+    "title": "Routing",
+    "description": "Routing in Angular allows the users to create a single-page application with multiple views and allows navigation between them.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Angular Routing",
+        "url": "https://angular.dev/guide/routing",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Common Routing Tasks",
+        "url": "https://angular.dev/guide/routing/common-router-tasks",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "dbAS-hN1hoCsNJhkxXcGq": {
+    "title": "Configuration",
+    "description": "The configuration of routes in an Angular application involves defining route mappings in an array and providing these routes to the Angular router.\n\n### Example routes:\n\n    const appRoutes: Routes = [\n      { path: 'custom-path', component: CustomComponet },\n      { path: 'custom-path/:id', component: CustomDetailComponet, data: { title: 'Details component' } },\n      { path: '', redirectTo: '/heroes', pathMatch: 'full'},\n      { path: '**', component: PageNotFoundComponent }\n    ];\n    \n\n*   `'custom-path'`: defining a new url route.\n*   `'custom-path/:id'` defining _**id**_ parameter.\n*   `''` (empty path): instantiate a component without the need for defining a new url route.\n*   `'**'`: for undefined paths.\n*   The `data` property in the second route is a place to store arbitrary data associated with this specific route.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Router reference - Configuration",
+        "url": "https://angular.dev/guide/routing/router-reference#configuration",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "ewbDdPYv2SJl_jW3RVHQs": {
+    "title": "Lazy Loading",
+    "description": "Lazy loading is a technique in Angular that allows you to load JavaScript components asynchronously when a specific route is activated. It improves the application load time speed by splitting the application into several bundles. The bundles are loaded as required when the user navigates through the app.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Lazy-loading feature modules",
+        "url": "https://angular.dev/guide/ngmodules/lazy-loading",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Angular Tutorial - Lazy Loading",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JjIQq9lh-Bw",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "1ZwdEL0Gx30Vv_Av3ZTGG": {
+    "title": "Router Outlets",
+    "description": "The router-outlet is a directive that's available from the @angular/router package and is used by the router to mark where in a template, a matched component should be inserted.\n\nThanks to the router outlet, your app will have multiple views/pages and the app template acts like a shell of your application. Any element, you add to the shell will be rendered in each view, only the part marked by the router outlet will be changed between views.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Router reference - Router outlet",
+        "url": "https://angular.dev/guide/routing/router-reference#router-outlet",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Router outlet - API",
+        "url": "https://angular.dev/api/router/RouterOutlet",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "8lFyuSx4MUcYRY2L8bZrq": {
+    "title": "Router Links",
+    "description": "In Angular, routerLink when applied to an element in a template, makes that element a link that initiates navigation to a route. Navigation opens one or more routed components in one or more `<router-outlet>` locations on the page.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Router reference - Router links",
+        "url": "https://angular.dev/guide/routing/router-reference#router-links",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Router link - API",
+        "url": "https://angular.dev/api/router/RouterLink",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Angular Router: Navigation Using RouterLink, Navigate, or NavigateByUrl",
+        "url": "https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/angular-navigation-routerlink-navigate-navigatebyurl",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "YF_sG292HqawIX0siWhrv": {
+    "title": "Router Events",
+    "description": "The Angular Router raises events when it navigates from one route to another route. It raises several events such as `NavigationStart`, `NavigationEnd`, `NavigationCancel`, `NavigationError`, `ResolveStart`, etc. You can listen to these events and find out when the state of the route changes. Some of the useful events are route change start (NavigationStart) and route change end (NavigationEnd).",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Router reference - Router events",
+        "url": "https://angular.dev/guide/routing/router-reference#router-events",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Router event - API",
+        "url": "https://angular.dev/api/router/RouterEvent",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "PmC4zeaLpa5LoL4FhYXcG": {
+    "title": "Guards",
+    "description": "Use route guards to prevent users from navigating to parts of an application without authorization.\n\nAngular route guards are interfaces provided by Angular that, when implemented, allow us to control the accessibility of a route based on conditions provided in function implementation of that interface.\n\nSome types of angular guards are `CanActivate`, `CanActivateChild`, `CanDeactivate`, `CanMatch` and `Resolve`.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Preventing unauthorized access",
+        "url": "https://angular.dev/guide/routing/common-router-tasks#preventing-unauthorized-access",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Resolve",
+        "url": "https://angular.dev/api/router/Resolve",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "CpsoIVoCKaZnM_-BbXbCh": {
+    "title": "Services  & Remote Data",
+    "description": "Services let you define code or functionalities that are then accessible and reusable in many other components in the Angular project. It also helps you with the abstraction of logic and data that is hosted independently but can be shared across other components.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Creating an injectable service",
+        "url": "https://angular.dev/guide/di/creating-injectable-service",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is an Angular Service",
+        "url": "https://www.javatpoint.com/what-is-an-angular-service",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Service for API Calls",
+        "url": "https://www.knowledgehut.com/blog/web-development/make-api-calls-angular",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Service Tutorial with Example",
+        "url": "https://www.positronx.io/angular-service-tutorial-with-example/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "8u9uHCRt9RU57erBy79PP": {
+    "title": "Dependency Injection",
+    "description": "Dependency Injection is one of the fundamental concepts in Angular. DI is wired into the Angular framework and allows classes with Angular decorators, such as Components, Directives, Pipes, and Injectables, to configure dependencies that they need.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Understanding Dependency Injection",
+        "url": "https://angular.dev/guide/di/dependency-injection",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "DI in Action",
+        "url": "https://angular.dev/guide/di/di-in-action",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Dependency Injection",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/dependency-injection?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "Q36LQds8k_cSjijvXyWOM": {
+    "title": "Forms",
+    "description": "Forms are used to handle user inputs in many applications. It enables users from entering sensitive information to performing several data entry tasks.\n\nAngular provides two approaches to handle user inputs trough forms: reactive and template-driven forms.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Forms in Angular",
+        "url": "https://angular.dev/guide/forms",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Angular Forms Tutorial",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-bGgjgx3fGs",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Building Forms in Angular Apps",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hAaoPOx_oIw",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "1d3Y4HVnqom8UOok-7EEf": {
+    "title": "Reactive Forms",
+    "description": "Reactive Forms in angular are those which used to handle the inputs coming from the user. We can define controls by using classes such as FormGroup and FormControl.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Reactive forms - Angular",
+        "url": "https://angular.dev/guide/forms/reactive-forms",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Angular Reactive Forms",
+        "url": "https://www.javatpoint.com/angular-reactive-forms",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How To Use Reactive Forms in Angular",
+        "url": "https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/angular-reactive-forms-introduction",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about General Programming",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/general-programming?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Reactive Form in Angular",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8k4ctDmVn7w",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "XC_K1Wahl2ySqOXoym4YU": {
+    "title": "Typed Forms",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "uDx4lPavwsJFBMzdQ70CS": {
+    "title": "Template-driven Forms",
+    "description": "A Template driven form is the simplest form we can build in Angular. It is mainly used for creating simple form application.\n\nIt uses two-way data-binding (ngModel) to create and handle the form components.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Building a template-driven form",
+        "url": "https://angular.dev/guide/forms/template-driven-forms",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Template-Driven Forms",
+        "url": "https://codecraft.tv/courses/angular/forms/template-driven/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Template driven form",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=whr14XxB8-M",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Template driven form Validations",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cVd4ZCIXprs",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "CpufN6DAOj5UNab9vnH0k": {
+    "title": "Dynamic Forms",
+    "description": "Dynamic forms in Angular are a flexible way to create forms where the structure (such as form fields and validation rules) is generated at runtime, rather than being hardcoded. By using Angular's `FormBuilder` and `FormGroup`, you can dynamically add, remove, or modify form controls based on user input, data fetched from a server, or other logic. This approach allows for creating complex forms that can adapt to different user scenarios, reducing the need for multiple form templates and making the codebase more maintainable and scalable.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Dynamic Forms Documentation",
+        "url": "https://angular.dev/guide/forms/dynamic-forms",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Create a Dynamic Reactive Angular Form with JSON",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ByHw_RMjkKM",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "kxRtLsB3y_th8j-HjmJgK": {
+    "title": "Custom Validators",
+    "description": "Custom validators in Angular are functions that allow you to define your own validation logic for form controls. They are used when the built-in validators (like `required`, `minLength`, etc.) do not meet your specific validation requirements. A custom validator is a function that returns either `null` if the form control is valid, or an object that represents the validation error if it is invalid. This object typically contains a key-value pair where the key is the error name and the value is a boolean or some details about the error.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Defining custom validators",
+        "url": "https://v17.angular.io/guide/form-validation#custom-validators",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How to create custom validator in Angular 17",
+        "url": "https://youtu.be/3TwmS0Gdg9I?si=1w4EX-HifJ70-CxT",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "m5dgKgUR3ZqI9sBAzToev": {
+    "title": "Control Value Accessor",
+    "description": "Defines an interface that acts as a bridge between the Angular forms API and a native element in the DOM. Implement this interface to create a custom form control directive that integrates with Angular forms.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Angular Official Docs - ControlValueAccessor",
+        "url": "https://angular.dev/api/forms/ControlValueAccessor",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Mastering Angular Control Value Accessor: A guide for Angular Developer",
+        "url": "https://hackernoon.com/mastering-angular-control-value-accessor-a-guide-for-angular-developer",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Angular Custom Form Controls",
+        "url": "https://blog.angular-university.io/angular-custom-form-controls/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "8UY0HAvjY7bdbFpt-MM1u": {
+    "title": "HTTP Client",
+    "description": "Most front-end applications need to communicate with a server over the HTTP protocol, to download or upload data and access other back-end services. Angular provides a client HTTP API for Angular applications, the `HttpClient` service class in `@angular/common/http`.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Angular Official Docs - HTTP Client",
+        "url": "https://angular.dev/guide/http",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Angular HTTP Client - Quickstart Guide",
+        "url": "https://blog.angular-university.io/angular-http/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Using HTTP Client in modern Angular applications",
+        "url": "https://www.thisdot.co/blog/using-httpclient-in-modern-angular-applications",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "AKPhbg10xXjccO7UBh5eJ": {
+    "title": "Setting Up the Client",
+    "description": "Before you can use `HttpClient` in your app, you must configure it using dependency injection. `HttpClient` is provided using the `provideHttpClient` helper function, which most apps include in the application providers in `app.config.ts`. If your app is using NgModule-based bootstrap instead, you can include `provideHttpClient` in the providers of your app's `NgModule`.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Angular Official Docs - Setting up HttpClient",
+        "url": "https://angular.dev/guide/http/setup",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Setting up HttpClient in Angular (NgModule)",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hBFtim1vO3M",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "HjGAv3aV-p4ijYJ8XYIw3": {
+    "title": "Making Requests",
+    "description": "`HttpClient` has methods corresponding to the different HTTP verbs used to make requests, both to load data and to apply mutations on the server. Each method returns an RxJS `Observable` which, when subscribed, sends the request and then emits the results when the server responds.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Angular Official Docs - Making requests",
+        "url": "https://angular.dev/guide/http/making-requests",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How to make HTTP request in Angular 18",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3vQpYKlHmS0",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "xG7iSVOGcbxJbNv3xbNfc": {
+    "title": "Writing Interceptors",
+    "description": "Interceptors are middleware that allows common patterns around retrying, caching, logging, and authentication to be abstracted away from individual requests.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Angular Official Docs - Interceptors",
+        "url": "https://angular.dev/guide/http/interceptors",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Angular Interceptor",
+        "url": "https://www.scaler.com/topics/angular/angular-interceptor/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Interceptors in Angular",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w1_AmHv2LmA",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "lfp7PIjwITU5gBITQdirD": {
+    "title": "RxJS Basics",
+    "description": "Reactive Extensions for JavaScript, or RxJS, is a reactive library used to implement reactive programming to deal with async implementation, callbacks, and event-based programs.\n\nThe reactive paradigm can be used in many different languages through the use of reactive libraries. These libraries are downloaded APIs that provide functionalities for reactive tools like observers and operators. It can be used in your browser or with Node.js.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "krXA6ua7E3m4IIpFkgQZe": {
+    "title": "Observable Pattern",
+    "description": "The observer pattern is a software design pattern in which an object, named the subject, maintains a list of its dependents, called observers, and notifies them automatically of any state changes, usually by calling one of their methods.\n\nAngular uses the Observer pattern which simply means — Observable objects are registered, and other objects observe (in Angular using the subscribe method) them and take action when the observable object is acted on in some way.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Angular and Observable",
+        "url": "https://medium.com/fuzzycloud/angular-and-observable-4bf890b2a282",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "b06Y5YrqBbHhWkK6Ws_1c": {
+    "title": "Observable Lifecycle",
+    "description": "An observable is a function that acts as a wrapper for a data stream. They support to pass messages inside your application. An observable is useless until an observer subscribes to it. An observer is an object which consumes the data emitted by the observable. An observer keeps receiving data values from the observable until the observable is completed, or the observer unsubscribes from the observable. Otherwise observers can receive data values from the observable continuously and asynchronously. So we can perform various operations such as updating the user interface, or passing the JSON response.\n\nThere are 4 stages for a life cycle of an observable.\n\n*   Creation\n*   Subscription\n*   Execution\n*   Destruction\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Understanding Observable LifeCycle",
+        "url": "https://medium.com/analytics-vidhya/understanding-rxjs-observables-ad5b34d9607f",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "e1ZmmxPZuogCNgtbPPWmd": {
+    "title": "RxJS vs Promises",
+    "description": "In a nutshell, the main differences between the Promise and the Observable are as follows:\n\n*   The Promise is eager, whereas the Observable is lazy,\n*   The Promise is always asynchronous, while the Observable can be either asynchronous or synchronous,\n*   The Promise can provide a single value, whereas the Observable is a stream of values (from 0 to multiple values), you can apply RxJS operators to the Observable to get a new tailored stream.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Why RxJS? RxJS vs Promises",
+        "url": "https://javascript.plainenglish.io/why-rxjs-rxjs-vs-promises-b28962771d68",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about RxJS",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/rxjs?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "ihsjIcF0tkhjs56458teE": {
+    "title": "Operators",
+    "description": "RxJS is mostly useful for its operators, even though the Observable is the foundation. Operators are the essential pieces that allow complex asynchronous code to be easily composed in a declarative manner.\n\nOperators are functions. There are two kinds of operators:\n\n**Pipeable Operators** are the kind that can be piped to Observables using the syntax observableInstance.pipe(operator()). These include, filter(...), and mergeMap(...). When called, they do not change the existing Observable instance. Instead, they return a new Observable, whose subscription logic is based on the first Observable.\n\nA Pipeable Operator is essentially a pure function which takes one Observable as input and generates another Observable as output. Subscribing to the output Observable will also subscribe to the input Observable.\n\n**Creation Operators** are the other kind of operator, which can be called as standalone functions to create a new Observable. For example: of(1, 2, 3) creates an observable that will emit 1, 2, and 3, one right after another. Creation operators will be discussed in more detail in a later section.\n\nPiping\n------\n\nPipeable operators are functions, so they could be used like ordinary functions: op()(obs) — but in practice, there tend to be many of them convolved together, and quickly become unreadable: op4()(op3()(op2()(op1()(obs)))). For that reason, Observables have a method called .pipe() that accomplishes the same thing while being much easier to read:\n\n     obs.pipe(op1(), op2(), op3(), op4());\n    \n\nCreation Operators\n------------------\n\n**What are creation operators?** Distinct from pipeable operators, creation operators are functions that can be used to create an Observable with some common predefined behavior or by joining other Observables.\n\nA typical example of a creation operator would be the interval function. It takes a number (not an Observable) as input argument, and produces an Observable as output:\n\n    import { interval } from 'rxjs';\n    \n    const observable = interval(1000 /* number of milliseconds */);\n    \n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "List of creation operators",
+        "url": "https://rxjs.dev/guide/operators#creation-operators-list",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Full RxJS Operators Documentation",
+        "url": "https://rxjs.dev/guide/operators",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "nxUbl0eu3LsSL-Z8X6nP5": {
+    "title": "Filtering",
+    "description": "RxJS provides a variety of filtering operators that you can use to filter and transform the data in a stream. You can use these operators in combination with other RxJS operators to create powerful and efficient data processing pipelines.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Understanding RxJS Operators",
+        "url": "https://rxjs.dev/api/operators",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "bJbbayFQ9WSJT9-qy0H5l": {
+    "title": "Rate Limiting",
+    "description": "Rate limiting in RxJS refers to the practice of restricting the rate at which events or data can be emitted from an observable. This can be useful in situations where the rate of incoming data is higher than the rate at which it can be processed, or where there are limits on the number of requests that can be made to a server. There are a few different operators in RxJS that can be used for rate limiting, such as throttleTime and sampleTime. These operators can be used to limit the rate of emissions from an observable by discarding emissions that occur too frequently. Another operator is auditTime it emits the last value from the source Observable during periodic time windows.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "throttleTime",
+        "url": "https://rxjs.dev/api/operators/throttleTime",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "sampleTime",
+        "url": "https://rxjs.dev/api/operators/sampleTime",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "auditTime",
+        "url": "https://rxjs.dev/api/operators/auditTime",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Blogs and tutorials on RxJS",
+        "url": "https://blog.angular-university.io/functional-reactive-programming-for-angular-2-developers-rxjs-and-observables/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "kdMJHljMzGA3oRlh8Zvos": {
+    "title": "Transformation",
+    "description": "In RxJS, \"transformation\" refers to the process of modifying or manipulating the data emitted by an Observable. There are a variety of methods available in RxJS that can be used to transform the data emitted by an Observable, including:\n\n*   map: applies a function to each item emitted by the Observable and emits the resulting value\n*   mergeMap: applies a function to each item emitted by the Observable, and then merges the resulting Observables into a single Observable\n*   switchMap: applies a function to each item emitted by the Observable, and then switches to the latest resulting Observable\n*   concatMap: applies a function to each item emitted by the Observable, and then concatenates the resulting Observables into a single Observable\n*   exhaustMap: applies a function to each item emitted by the Observable, but ignores subsequent emissions until the current Observable completes\n\nThese are just a few examples of the many methods available in RxJS for transforming the data emitted by an Observable. Each method has its own specific use case, and the best method to use will depend on the requirements of your application.\n\nHere are the official documentation links for the RxJS transformation methods:\n\nYou can find more information and examples on these methods in the official RxJS documentation. Additionally, you can find more operators on [https://rxjs.dev/api/operators](https://rxjs.dev/api/operators) and you can also find more information on the library as a whole on [https://rxjs.dev/](https://rxjs.dev/)",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "map",
+        "url": "https://rxjs.dev/api/operators/map",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "mergeMap",
+        "url": "https://rxjs.dev/api/operators/mergeMap",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "switchMap",
+        "url": "https://rxjs.dev/api/operators/switchMap",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "concatMap",
+        "url": "https://rxjs.dev/api/operators/concatMap",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "exhaustMap",
+        "url": "https://rxjs.dev/api/operators/exhaustMap",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "switchMap vs mergeMap vs concatMap vs exhaustMap practical guide",
+        "url": "https://youtu.be/40pC5wHowWw",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "IgUHqfVhiGpwxT9tY8O88": {
+    "title": "Combination",
+    "description": "Combination operators in RxJS are used to combine multiple observables into a single observable. There are several types of combination operators, including:\n\n*   Merge: merges multiple observables into a single observable that emits items from each source observable in a sequence.\n    \n*   Concat: concatenates multiple observables into a single observable that emits the items from each source observable in sequence, one after the other.\n    \n*   Zip: combines the items from multiple observables into a single observable by combining the items from each observable at a corresponding index.\n    \n*   CombineLatest: combines the latest values from multiple observables into a single observable by emitting an item whenever any of the source observables emit an item.\n    \n*   WithLatestFrom: combines the latest value from one observable with the latest values from multiple other observables.\n    \n*   ForkJoin: combines the items from multiple observables into a single observable by emitting an item only after all of the source observables have emitted an item.\n    \n\nFurther documentation can be found in the official RxJS documentation:\n\n*   Merge: [https://rxjs.dev/api/operators/merge](https://rxjs.dev/api/operators/merge)\n    \n*   Concat: [https://rxjs.dev/api/operators/concat](https://rxjs.dev/api/operators/concat)\n    \n*   Zip: [https://rxjs.dev/api/operators/zip](https://rxjs.dev/api/operators/zip)\n    \n*   CombineLatest: [https://rxjs.dev/api/operators/combineLatest](https://rxjs.dev/api/operators/combineLatest)\n    \n*   WithLatestFrom: [https://rxjs.dev/api/operators/withLatestFrom](https://rxjs.dev/api/operators/withLatestFrom)\n    \n*   ForkJoin: [https://rxjs.dev/api/index/function/forkJoin](https://rxjs.dev/api/index/function/forkJoin)",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "u1TG8i145o0RKhOR_5epf": {
+    "title": "Signals",
+    "description": "Angular Signals is a system that granularly tracks how and where your state is used throughout an application, allowing the framework to optimize rendering updates.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Angular Official Docs - Signals",
+        "url": "https://angular.dev/guide/signals",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Angular Signals Complete Guide",
+        "url": "https://blog.angular-university.io/angular-signals/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Signals Unleashed: The Full Guide",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6W6gycuhiN0&t=169s",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "KAdtebWvgvMifIwd52yc4": {
+    "title": "RxJS Interop",
+    "description": "Angular's `@angular/core/rxjs-interop` package provides useful utilities to integrate Angular Signals with RxJS Observables. Use a `toSignal` function to create a signal that tracks the value of an Observable. Use the `toObservable` utility to create an Observable which tracks the value of a signal.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Angular Official Docs - RxJS Interop",
+        "url": "https://angular.dev/guide/signals/rxjs-interop",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Angular signals RxJS interop from a practical example",
+        "url": "https://angular.love/en/angular-signals-rxjs-interop-from-a-practical-example",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Angular Signals RxJs Interoperability: toObservable() (Guess the Behavior)",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cam39UyVbpI",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "LcJyAfv9hjyUNXUVyPRP4": {
+    "title": "Inputs as Signals",
+    "description": "Signal inputs allow values to be bound from parent components. Those values are exposed using a Signal and can change during the lifecycle of your component. Angular supports two variants of inputs: `Optional` and `Required`.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Angular Official Docs - Inputs as Signals",
+        "url": "https://angular.dev/guide/signals/inputs",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Angular Signal Inputs: Complete Guide to input()",
+        "url": "https://blog.angular-university.io/angular-signal-inputs/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Angular's New Signal Inputs",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yjCeaiWXC0U",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "9HS9C3yq9EUcUy0ZUZk_H": {
+    "title": "Queries as Signals",
+    "description": "A component or directive can define queries that find child elements and read values from their injectors. Developers most commonly use queries to retrieve references to components, directives, DOM elements, and more. There are two categories of query: view queries and content queries.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Angular Official Docs - Queries as Signals",
+        "url": "https://angular.dev/guide/signals/queries",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Querying made easy: exploring Angular's query signals",
+        "url": "https://netbasal.com/querying-made-easy-exploring-angulars-query-signals-ca850b5db892",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Angular signal queries with the viewChild() and contentChild() functions",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b35ts9OinBc",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "IeU6ClS_yp6BYKdkQOJVf": {
+    "title": "Model Inputs",
+    "description": "Model inputs are a special type of input that enable a component to propagate new values back to another component. Use model inputs in components that exist to modify a value based on user interaction.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Angular Official Docs - Model Inputs",
+        "url": "https://angular.dev/guide/signals/model",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Angular Model Inputs: Two-way binding inputs with signals",
+        "url": "https://www.codemotion.com/magazine/frontend/angular-model-inputs-two-way-binding-inputs-with-signals/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Model Inputs: Reactive two-way binding ",
+        "url": "https://dev.to/this-is-angular/model-inputs-reactive-two-way-binding-2538",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Angular's New Model Inputs: Two-way Communication with your Child Components",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=frXIBKqzTK0",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "Mqe_s-nwBqAL6X7OGRHEN": {
+    "title": "State Management",
+    "description": "Application state management is the process of maintaining knowledge of an application's inputs across multiple related data flows that form a complete business transaction -- or a session -- to understand the condition of the app at any given moment. In computer science, an input is information put into the program by the user and state refers to the condition of an application according to its stored inputs -- saved as variables or constants. State can also be described as the collection of preserved information that forms a complete session.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is State Management?",
+        "url": "https://www.techtarget.com/searchapparchitecture/definition/state-management",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Angular state management made simple with NgRx",
+        "url": "https://blog.logrocket.com/angular-state-management-made-simple-with-ngrx/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Angular State Management with NgRx",
+        "url": "https://www.syncfusion.com/blogs/post/angular-state-management-with-ngrx.aspx",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "State Management and the Facade pattern in Angular",
+        "url": "https://thefullstack.engineer/full-stack-development-series-part-10-state-management-and-the-facade-pattern-in-angular",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "N9ZCPgFnFIUv4jMv1w5qK": {
+    "title": "NGXS",
+    "description": "Ngxs is a state management pattern for the Angular framework. It acts as a single source of truth for our application. Ngxs is very simple and easily implementable. It reduce lots of boilerplate code . It is a replacement for Ngrx. In Ngrx we are creating state, action, reducer, and effects but in Ngxs, we are creating only state and actions instead of all of this. Like Ngrx, Ngxs is also asynchronous and when we dispatch any action we can get a response back.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is NGXS ? - Ngxs.io ",
+        "url": "https://www.ngxs.io/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Details about NGXS - Medium ",
+        "url": "https://medium.com/@knoldus/introduction-to-ngxs-state-management-pattern-library-for-angular-ec76f681ceba",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Practise of NGXS",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SGj11j4hxmg",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "ir94IdkF1tVAA8ZTD9r0N": {
+    "title": "NgRx",
+    "description": "NgRx is a framework for building reactive applications in Angular. NgRx simplifies managing application state by enforcing unidirectional data flow and providing tools like NgRx Store, NgRx Effects, NgRx Router Store, NgRx Signals, NgRx Entity, and NgRx Operators.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is NGRX?",
+        "url": "https://ngrx.io/docs",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Angular NgRx Store and Effects Crash Course",
+        "url": "https://blog.angular-university.io/angular-ngrx-store-and-effects-crash-course/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Angular state management with NgRx",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a3_GW3RBqn0",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Angular NgRx Signal Store Crash Course (For NgRx Beginners)",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HqxY0JPlh54",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "NgRx Best Practices",
+        "url": "https://youtu.be/yYiO-kjmLAc?si=7J_JkOdbyocfb5m_",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Angular Course with NgRx - Building Angular Project From Scratch",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vcfZ0EQpYTA",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "rgPUcSKxG9DvXicLfC2Ay": {
+    "title": "Elf",
+    "description": "Elf is a reactive immutable state management solution built on top of RxJS. It uses custom RxJS operators to query the state and pure functions to update it. Elf encourages simplicity. It saves you the hassle of creating boilerplate code and offers powerful tools with a moderate learning curve, suitable for experienced and inexperienced developers alike.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Elf",
+        "url": "https://github.com/ngneat/elf",
+        "type": "opensource"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Elf NG Router Store",
+        "url": "https://github.com/ngneat/elf-ng-router-store",
+        "type": "opensource"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is Elf?",
+        "url": "https://ngneat.github.io/elf/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Case Study: Elf",
+        "url": "https://medium.com/@gronichomer/case-study-elf-%EF%B8%8F%EF%B8%8F-part-1-fe5e87c31c89",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "m4WBnx_9h01Jl6Q1sxi4Y": {
+    "title": "Zones",
+    "description": "Zone.js is a signaling mechanism that Angular uses to detect when an application state might have changed. It captures asynchronous operations like setTimeout, network requests, and event listeners. Angular schedules change detection based on signals from Zone.js.",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Resolving zone pollution",
+        "url": "https://angular.dev/best-practices/zone-pollution",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Angular without ZoneJS (Zoneless)",
+        "url": "https://angular.dev/guide/experimental/zoneless",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "NgZone - API",
+        "url": "https://angular.dev/api/core/NgZone",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "1x5pT607aKE-S-NCWB810": {
+    "title": "Zoneless Applications",
+    "description": "Angular 18 introduced an experimental feature called zoneless change detection. This technology removes the need for `Zone.js`, a library that was previously used for change detection in Angular from the beginning. By eliminating `Zone.js`, Angular applications can have faster initial renders, smaller bundle sizes, and simpler debugging.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Angular Official Docs - Zoneless",
+        "url": "https://angular.dev/guide/experimental/zoneless",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Zoneless Change Detection Angular 18",
+        "url": "https://blog.logrocket.com/zoneless-change-detection-angular-18/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "From Zone JS to Zoneless Angular and back: How it all works",
+        "url": "https://angularindepth.com/posts/1513/from-zone-js-to-zoneless-angular-and-back-how-it-all-works",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "A New Era for Angular: Zoneless Change Detection",
+        "url": "https://justangular.com/blog/a-new-era-for-angular-zoneless-change-detection",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Zoneless Angular Applications in V18",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MZ6s5EL7hKk",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "I tested Angular 18 Zoneless mode and this is what I found out!",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vHNeAqgNM4o",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "EbJib-XfZFF9bpCtL3aBs": {
+    "title": "Developer Tools",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "4YSk6I63Ew--zoXC3xmrC": {
+    "title": "Angular CLI",
+    "description": "The Angular CLI is a command-line interface tool that you use to initialize, develop, scaffold, and maintain Angular applications directly from a command shell. we can install angular latest CLI using the following command\n\n`npm install -g @angular/cli`\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "CLI Reference",
+        "url": "https://angular.dev/cli",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "The Angular CLI",
+        "url": "https://angular.dev/tools/cli",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Angular",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/angular?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Angular CLI - setup",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mZnzX3J5XKI",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "FVH0lnbIZ2m5EfF2EJ2DW": {
+    "title": "Local Setup",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "1fVi9AK6aLjt5QgAFbnGX": {
+    "title": "Deployment",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "yhNGhduk__ow8VTLc6inZ": {
+    "title": "End-to-End Testing",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "Uvr0pRk_fOzwRwqn0dQ6N": {
+    "title": "Schematics",
+    "description": "A schematic is a template-based code generator that supports complex logic. It is a set of instructions for transforming a software project by generating or modifying code.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Generating code using schematics",
+        "url": "https://angular.dev/tools/cli/schematics",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Angular Blog",
+        "url": "https://blog.angular.io/schematics-an-introduction-dc1dfbc2a2b2?gi=ad9571373944",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "Ax-s_xw3FO3Ocv-AnLbQD": {
+    "title": "Build Environments",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "TeWEy9I-hU6SH02Sy2S2S": {
+    "title": "CLI Builders",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "MwtM1UAIfj4FJ-Y4CKDsP": {
+    "title": "AoT Compilation",
+    "description": "Angular applications require a compilation process before they can run in a browser. The Angular ahead-of-time (AOT) compiler converts your Angular HTML and TypeScript code into efficient JavaScript code during the build phase before the browser downloads and runs that code. Compiling your application during the build process provides a faster rendering in the browser.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn to more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Angular Compiler Output",
+        "url": "https://github.com/JeanMeche/angular-compiler-output",
+        "type": "opensource"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Ahead-of-time (AOT) compilation",
+        "url": "https://angular.dev/tools/cli/aot-compiler",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Understanding Angular's ahead of time compliation",
+        "url": "https://blog.nashtechglobal.com/understanding-angulars-ahead-of-time-aot-compilation/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "T3MmS3bvMMgCUbOk3ktU7": {
+    "title": "DevTools",
+    "description": "Angular DevTools is a browser extension that provides debugging and profiling capabilities for Angular applications. You can view component trees and change detection cycles.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Angular Official Docs - devtools",
+        "url": "https://angular.dev/tools/devtools",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Chrome Web Store",
+        "url": "https://chromewebstore.google.com/detail/angular-devtools/ienfalfjdbdpebioblfackkekamfmbnh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Firefox Add-ons",
+        "url": "https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/angular-devtools/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Did you try the LATEST Angular developer tools?",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tAfe33fVW4w",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "ql7SyxrRmjpiXJ9hQeWPq": {
+    "title": "Language Service",
+    "description": "The Angular Language Service provides code editors with a way to get completions, errors, hints, and navigation inside Angular templates (external and in-line). Anytime you open an Angular application for the first time, an installation prompt will occur.\n\nVisit the following links to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "VS Code NG Language Service",
+        "url": "https://github.com/angular/vscode-ng-language-service",
+        "type": "opensource"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Language Service Docs",
+        "url": "https://angular.dev/tools/language-service",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "cl89U8atD6gw5rMGUm4Ix": {
+    "title": "Libraries",
+    "description": "Use the Angular CLI and the npm package manager to build and publish your library as an npm package.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Angular Website",
+        "url": "https://angular.dev/tools/libraries/creating-libraries",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "YHV5oFwLwphXf1wJTDZuG": {
+    "title": "Using Libraries",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "A1mYMg7cbcj6p_VkDf-Tz": {
+    "title": "Creating Libraries",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "jfHaS8TqE4tcAo59K8Nkn": {
+    "title": "SSR",
+    "description": "A normal Angular application executes in the browser, rendering pages in the DOM in response to user actions. Angular Universal executes on the server, generating static application pages that later get bootstrapped on the client. This means that the application generally renders more quickly, giving users a chance to view the application layout before it becomes fully interactive.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Server-side rendering",
+        "url": "https://angular.dev/guide/ssr",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Rendering on the Web",
+        "url": "https://web.dev/rendering-on-the-web/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Angular",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/angular?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "b-0yQ74zHtAxI9aRLBohc": {
+    "title": "SSG",
+    "description": "SSG (Static Site Generator), helps in building the HTML full website, during the process of building and serving that HTML Page. This method helps to generate the HTML website on the client side before its being served on the server side. Therefore, whenever a user requests a HTML Page, firstly HTML page will be rendered and secondly, the angular app will be rendered. The SSG can be used only if your website is static (or) it's content doesn't changes frequently.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "kauQofxCmpktXPcnzid17": {
+    "title": "AnalogJS",
+    "description": "AnalogJS is a full-stack meta-framework powered by Vite and Nitro for Angular. Analog supports both Server-Side Rendering (SSR) and Static Site Generation (SSG). Analog uses file-based routing and supports API (server) routes.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Analog",
+        "url": "https://analogjs.org/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Robin Goetz - AnalogJS - The Vite powered Angular meta-framework | NG Belgrade Conf 2024",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BSgpvP4eAGk",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Full-stack Angular (SSR, file-based routing, + more) with AnalogJS",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VSCXOTCJpiI",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Is AnalogJS good enough for my blog site?",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xTzEDQULo6s",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "mm6c7GLQEwoQdAHdAYzGh": {
+    "title": "Security",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "umUX4Hxk7srHlFR_Un-u7": {
+    "title": "Cross-site Scripting",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "cgI9oeUHufA-ky_W1zENe": {
+    "title": "Sanitization",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "XoYSuv1salCCHoI1cJkxv": {
+    "title": "Trusting Safe Values",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "5h7U0spwEUhB-hbjSlaeB": {
+    "title": "Enforce Trusted Types",
+    "description": "It is recommended that you use Trusted Types as a way to help secure your applications from cross-site scripting attacks. Trusted Types is a web platform feature that can help you prevent cross-site scripting attacks by enforcing safer coding practices. Trusted Types can also help simplify the auditing of application code.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Angular Official Docs - Enforcing Trusted Types",
+        "url": "https://angular.dev/best-practices/security#enforcing-trusted-types",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "W3C - Trusted Types",
+        "url": "https://w3c.github.io/trusted-types/dist/spec/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "MDN Docs - Trusted Types API",
+        "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Trusted_Types_API",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How to use Trusted Types",
+        "url": "https://web.dev/articles/trusted-types#how-to-use-trusted-types",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "xH3RHPhsaqD9zIMms5OmX": {
+    "title": "HTTP Vulnerabilities",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "Z1DZBbFI4oU6-KQg3wqMm": {
+    "title": "Cross-site Request Forgery",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "m2aw8vb4rz4IjshpoMyNx": {
+    "title": "HttpClient CSRF",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "ni00edsphJd7uBLCn7-Vw": {
+    "title": "XSRF protection",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "zd7YJGlcMFNFbsKUiW_XC": {
+    "title": "Cross-site Script Inclusion",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "VNG9DdXlS6R1OJ6Lrn4Lt": {
+    "title": "Accessibility",
+    "description": "The web is used by a wide variety of people, including those who have visual or motor impairments. A variety of assistive technologies are available that make it much easier for these groups to interact with web-based software applications. Also, designing an application to be more accessible generally improves the user experience for all users.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Learn Accessibility",
+        "url": "https://web.dev/learn/accessibility/",
+        "type": "course"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Angular Official Docs - Accessibility",
+        "url": "https://angular.dev/best-practices/a11y",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Angular a11y: 11 tips on how to make your apps more accessible",
+        "url": "https://angularindepth.com/posts/1152/angular-a11y-11-tips-on-how-to-make-your-apps-more-accessible",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "0FvH7KPs9ag02QkD1HEJ-": {
+    "title": "Attributes",
+    "description": "Building accessible web experience often involves setting Accessible Rich Internet Applications (ARIA) attributes to provide semantic meaning where it might otherwise be missing. Use attribute binding template syntax to control the values of accessibility-related attributes.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Angular Official Docs - accessibility attributes",
+        "url": "https://angular.dev/best-practices/a11y#accessibility-attributes",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "ARIA HTML",
+        "url": "https://web.dev/learn/accessibility/aria-html/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Comprehensive accessibility strayegies for Angular apps leveraging aria-label for dynamic content",
+        "url": "https://yasikahivin.medium.com/comprehensive-accessibility-strategies-for-angular-apps-leveraging-aria-label-for-dynamic-content-fdf114834317",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "CZ1YRyai8Ds-ry4A8jVbr": {
+    "title": "UI Components",
+    "description": "The Angular Material library, which is maintained by the Angular team, is a suite of reusable UI components that aims to be fully accessible. The Component Development Kit (CDK) includes the a11y package that provides tools to support various areas of accessibility.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Angular Official Docs - Angular UI Components",
+        "url": "https://angular.dev/best-practices/a11y#angular-ui-components",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Angular a11y overview",
+        "url": "https://material.angular.io/cdk/a11y/overview",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "0s-QhN5aZh2F3tLJFKEyR": {
+    "title": "Containers",
+    "description": "Some Angular Material UI components cannot take children, such as an input, so you need to use container elements to customize the UI component.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Using containers for native elements",
+        "url": "https://angular.dev/best-practices/a11y#using-containers-for-native-elements",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "8i_JD1P4gIhY1rdldwLC2": {
+    "title": "Routing",
+    "description": "Tracking and controlling focus in a UI is an important consideration in designing for accessibility. When using Angular routing, you should decide where page focus goes upon navigation.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Angular Official Docs - a11y routing",
+        "url": "https://angular.dev/best-practices/a11y#routing",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Accessibility - Focus",
+        "url": "https://web.dev/learn/accessibility/focus/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Router events in Angular",
+        "url": "https://medium.com/@gurunadhpukkalla/router-events-in-angular-3112a3968660",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "5-RCB8AiDbkdIFYNXKWge": {
+    "title": "Link Identification",
+    "description": "CSS classes applied to active `RouterLink` elements, such as `RouterLinkActive`, provide a visual cue to identify the active link. Unfortunately, a visual cue doesn't help blind or visually impaired users. Applying the `aria-current` attribute to the element can help identify the active link.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Angular Official Docs - Accessibility - Active links identification",
+        "url": "https://angular.dev/best-practices/a11y#active-links-identification",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "MDN Docs - ARIA Current",
+        "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/Accessibility/ARIA/Attributes/aria-current",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "STEHxJpwBZxFdQl0zUKxo": {
+    "title": "Performance",
+    "description": "Angular’s performance is enhanced through key strategies such as Deferable Views for improved initial load times, Image Optimization techniques to reduce loading overhead, and mitigation of Zone Pollution to streamline change detection. Additionally, addressing Slow Computations enhances runtime efficiency, while Hydration techniques support faster, more interactive server-side rendered applications.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "From Good to Great: Optimizing Angular Performance",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tMxrY7IL-Ac",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "CYjsXIOWtP5DJmYS-qR-s": {
+    "title": "Deferrable Views",
+    "description": "Deferrable views can be used in component template to defer the loading of select dependencies within that template. Those dependencies include components, directives, and pipes, and any associated CSS. To use this feature, you can declaratively wrap a section of your template in a @defer block which specifies the loading conditions.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Angular Official Docs - Deferrable Views",
+        "url": "https://angular.dev/guide/defer",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Unlocking performance with deferrable views",
+        "url": "https://medium.com/@kashif_khan/exploring-angular-17-unlocking-performance-with-deferrable-views-580b1977f430",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Learn how to unit test deferrable views",
+        "url": "https://angular.love/en/learn-how-to-unit-test-the-deferrable-views",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Angular 17 Defer Block |Lazy Loading in Angular 17|Angular 17 Deferrable Views |Angular 17 Tutorial",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h2rEGoqwr6o",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "1WIKjn3nxYDMIhBL17aYQ": {
+    "title": "Image Optimization",
+    "description": "The NgOptimizedImage directive makes it easy to adopt performance best practices for loading images.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Angular Official Docs - Image Optimization",
+        "url": "https://angular.dev/guide/image-optimization",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Automatic adjustments in Angular's optimized images",
+        "url": "https://medium.com/ngconf/automatic-adjustments-in-angulars-optimized-images-0034335e0374",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Boost your application's performance with NgOptimizedImage",
+        "url": "https://angular.love/en/boost-your-applications-performance-with-ngoptimizedimage",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "pRSR5PEbkJXAJ1LPyK-EE": {
+    "title": "Zone Pollution",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "yxUtSBzJPRcS-IuPsyp-W": {
+    "title": "Slow Computations",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "NY_MfBNgNmloiRGcIvfJ1": {
+    "title": "Hydration",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "lLa-OnHV6GzkNFZu29BIT": {
+    "title": "Testing",
+    "description": "In any software development process, Testing the application plays a vital role. If Bugs and crashes are not figured out and solved they can defame the development company as well as hurt the clients too. But, Angular’s architecture comes with built-in testability features. As soon as you create a new project with Angular CLI, two essential testing tools are installed.They are: Jasmine and Karma. Jasmine is the testing library which structures individual tests into specifications (“specs”) and suites. And Karma is the test runner, which enables the different browsers to run the tests mentioned by Jasmine and the browsers will finally report the test results back.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "HU1eTYB321C93qh_U7ioF": {
+    "title": "Testing Services",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "rH13NBFG02hnn5eABSNCY": {
+    "title": "Testing Pipes",
+    "description": "An Angular Pipe is a special function that is called from a Component template. Its purpose is to transform a value: You pass a value to the Pipe, the Pipe computes a new value and returns it.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Testing pipes",
+        "url": "https://angular.dev/guide/testing/pipes",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Testing pipes examples",
+        "url": "https://testing-angular.com/testing-pipes/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Testing",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/testing?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "4xt0m5jkUqB4Z-krcFBuL": {
+    "title": "Testing Requests",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "TGRZBizDy83JKg_MhnRdX": {
+    "title": "Services with Dependencies",
+    "description": "In an Angular application, Services are responsible for fetching, storing and processing data. Services are singletons, meaning there is only one instance of a Service during runtime. They are fit for central data storage, HTTP and WebSocket communication as well as data validation.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Angular Website",
+        "url": "https://angular.dev/guide/testing/services",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Testing-Angular.com",
+        "url": "https://testing-angular.com/testing-services/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Testing",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/testing?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "cXVy1lx2XqY_j8gxz-y60": {
+    "title": "Component Bindings",
+    "description": "Angular processes all data bindings once for each JavaScript event cycle, from the root of the application component tree through all child components. Data binding plays an important role in communication between a template and its component, and is also important for communication between parent and child components.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Angular Website",
+        "url": "https://angular.dev/guide/components",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Testing",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/testing?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "SGqb5k6OmWit8PA6ZT3js": {
+    "title": "Testing Directives",
+    "description": "Directives are classes that add new behavior or modify the existing behavior to the elements in the template. Basically directives are used to manipulate the DOM, for example adding/removing the element from DOM or changing the appearance of the DOM elements.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Angular Website",
+        "url": "https://angular.dev/guide/testing/attribute-directives",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "tesing-angular Website",
+        "url": "https://testing-angular.com/testing-directives/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Testing",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/testing?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "f5v74Uw54LsB4FgdN6eCd": {
+    "title": "Debugging Tests",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "0dYWO_Zvh9J5_6cRjRjvI": {
+    "title": "Component Templates",
+    "description": "With a component template , you can save and reuse component processes and properties and create components from them; template-based components inherit the template's properties and process.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Component testing scenarios",
+        "url": "https://angular.dev/guide/testing/components-scenarios",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Testing",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/testing?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "bqA2bxPcZrqQ-6QE-YDK1": {
+    "title": "Code Coverage",
+    "description": "The Angular CLI can run unit tests and create code coverage reports. Code coverage reports show you any parts of your code base that might not be properly tested by your unit tests.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Angular Official Docs - code coverage",
+        "url": "https://angular.dev/guide/testing/code-coverage",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Measuring code coverage",
+        "url": "https://testing-angular.com/measuring-code-coverage/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "Xxyx3uzy5TpNhgR1IysMN": {
+    "title": "Internationalization",
+    "description": "Internationalization, sometimes referenced as i18n, is the process of designing and preparing your project for use in different locales around the world. Localization is the process of building versions of your project for different locales.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Transloco",
+        "url": "https://github.com/jsverse/transloco",
+        "type": "opensource"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Ngx Translate",
+        "url": "https://github.com/ngx-translate/core",
+        "type": "opensource"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Angular Official Docs - Internationalization",
+        "url": "https://angular.dev/guide/i18n",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Angular i18n",
+        "url": "https://lokalise.com/blog/angular-i18n/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Angular 18 Multi-Language Support",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hIz0OglmT0Q",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "W8OwpEw00xn0GxidlJjdc": {
+    "title": "Localize Package",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "dVKl3Z2Rnf6IB064v19Mi": {
+    "title": "Locales by ID",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "jL5amGV1BAX_V5cyTIH7d": {
+    "title": "Translation Files",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "9ISvaaJ815_cr_KW9vQhT": {
+    "title": "Multiple Locales",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "rYJq59Q0YdfK6n3x740Em": {
+    "title": "Animation",
+    "description": "Angular's animation system is built on CSS functionality, which means you can animate any property that the browser considers animatable. This includes positions, sizes, transforms, colors, borders, and more.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Angular Animations Explorer",
+        "url": "https://github.com/williamjuan027/angular-animations-explorer",
+        "type": "opensource"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Angular Official Docs - Animation",
+        "url": "https://angular.dev/guide/animations",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Angular Animations - A Beginner's Guide",
+        "url": "https://www.angularminds.com/blog/angular-animations-a-beginners-guide",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "In-Depth guide into animations in Angular",
+        "url": "https://angularindepth.com/posts/1285/in-depth-guide-into-animations-in-angular",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "Iv2d4sgODqMPzA9gH6RAw": {
+    "title": "Transitions & Triggers",
+    "description": "In Angular, transition states can be defined explicitly through the `state()` function, or using the predefined `*` wildcard and `void` states. An asterisk `*` or wildcard matches any animation state. This is useful for defining transitions that apply regardless of the HTML element's start or end state. Use the `void` state to configure transitions for an element that is entering or leaving a page.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Angular Official Docs - Transition and Triggers",
+        "url": "https://angular.dev/guide/animations/transition-and-triggers",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Angular Animations: Learn the basics",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CGBcIz1tYec",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How to use trigger function in Angular Animations",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3_B4OV5M_Ag",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "Unjknmb4b2LY-nUVvvF7_": {
+    "title": "Complex Sequences",
+    "description": "Angular lets you animate coordinated sequences, such as an entire grid or list of elements as they enter and leave a page. You can choose to run multiple animations in parallel, or run discrete animations sequentially, one following another.\n\nThe functions that control complex animation sequences are:\n\n*   `query()`: Finds one or more inner HTML elements.\n*   `stagger()`: Applies a cascading delay to animations for multiple elements.\n*   `group()`: Runs multiple animation steps in parallel.\n*   `sequence()`: Runs animation steps one after another.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Angular Official Docs - Complex Sequences",
+        "url": "https://angular.dev/guide/animations/complex-sequences",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Angular Animations: Animating multiple items in parallel",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RPdR7HzNQIw",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "M1CU2Yq6dLp4yOuGV0fhF": {
+    "title": "Reusable Animations",
+    "description": "To create a reusable animation, use the `animation()` function to define an animation in a separate .ts file and declare this animation definition as a const export variable. You can then import and reuse this animation in any of your application components using the `useAnimation()` function.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Angular Official Docs - Reusable Animations",
+        "url": "https://angular.dev/guide/animations/reusable-animations",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Reusable Animations with Angular",
+        "url": "https://catalincodes.com/posts/reusable-animations-with-angular",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Angular Animations: Creating reusable animations!",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ObYCutiBOTo",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "x91jWP81oCTeVEwzX8FbK": {
+    "title": "Route Transitions",
+    "description": "When a user navigates from one route to another, the Angular router maps the URL path to a relevant component and displays its view. Animating this route transition can greatly enhance the user experience.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Angular Official Docs - Route transition animations",
+        "url": "https://angular.dev/guide/animations/route-animations",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Add router animation trnasitions for navigation in Angular 17",
+        "url": "https://dev.to/this-is-angular/add-router-animation-transitions-for-navigation-in-angular-17-2m5a",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Angular Animations: Router transitions",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7d8UDEKT1pU",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/public/roadmap-content/api-design.json b/public/roadmap-content/api-design.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..038b9435d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/public/roadmap-content/api-design.json
@@ -0,0 +1,1485 @@
+{
+  "duKkpzPjUU_-8kyJGHqRX": {
+    "title": "Learn the Basics",
+    "description": "Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) are an integral part of modern development, allowing software applications to communicate and use functions from other software applications or services. API design, therefore, becomes a key part of any software development process. Furthermore, the basics of API design encompass understanding the principles of what an API is, how it works, and the various types of APIs, such as REST, SOAP, and GraphQL. This also includes understanding the standards and best practices in API design to ensure the development of powerful, user-friendly, and secure APIs. The foundation of API Design lies in this knowledge, setting the stage for more complex API designing and development.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "r8M3quACGO2piu0u_R4hO": {
+    "title": "What are APIs",
+    "description": "APIs, or Application Programming Interfaces, provide a manner in which software applications communicate with each other. They abstract the complexity of applications to allow developers to use only the essentials of the software they are working with. They define the methods and data formats an application should use in order to perform tasks, like sending, retrieving, or modifying data. Understanding APIs is integral to mastering modern software development, primarily because they allow applications to exchange data and functionality with ease, thus enabling integration and convergence of technological services. Therefore, a solid understanding of what APIs are forms the basic cornerstone of API design.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is an API?",
+        "url": "https://aws.amazon.com/what-is/api/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is an API?",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s7wmiS2mSXY",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "2HdKzAIQi15pr3YHHrbPp": {
+    "title": "HTTP",
+    "description": "HTTP, or Hypertext Transfer Protocol, is a fundamental piece of any API design. It is the protocol used for transmitting hypermedia data on the web, such as HTML webpages or JSON from a web API. Understanding HTTP is crucial in API design as it provides the structure for how requests and responses should be constructed and handled. It dictates how endpoints are defined, how data should be transferred, and what status codes should be used to convey specific scenarios. A solid grounding in HTTP principles allows for more robust, efficient and secure API designs.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Everything you need to know about HTTP",
+        "url": "https://cs.fyi/guide/http-in-depth",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is HTTP?",
+        "url": "https://www.cloudflare.com/en-gb/learning/ddos/glossary/hypertext-transfer-protocol-http/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "An overview of HTTP",
+        "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Overview",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "HTTP/3 From A To Z: Core Concepts",
+        "url": "https://www.smashingmagazine.com/2021/08/http3-core-concepts-part1/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "HTTP Crash Course & Exploration",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iYM2zFP3Zn0",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "ACALE93mL4gnX5ThRIdRp": {
+    "title": "HTTP Versions",
+    "description": "HTTP or Hypertext Transfer Protocol is pivotal in the world of API design. HTTP versions specify how data should be packaged and transported, as well as how web servers and browsers should respond to commands. Understanding different HTTP versions and their features is essential for API designers as it directly impacts how well an API can communicate with other software and systems. From HTTP/1.0, the initial version of HTTP to HTTP/2 and the latest version HTTP/3, each version brings in improvements in speed, data transmission capabilities, and security. Selecting an appropriate HTTP version is crucial for API efficiency and performance.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Evolution of HTTP",
+        "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Basics_of_HTTP/Evolution_of_HTTP",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "HTTP: 1.0 vs. 1.1 vs 2.0 vs. 3.0",
+        "url": "https://www.baeldung.com/cs/http-versions",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "rADHM-6NAxEjzmgiHefDX": {
+    "title": "HTTP Methods",
+    "description": "HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) Methods play a significant role in API design. They define the type of request a client can make to a server, providing the framework for interaction between client and server. Understanding HTTP methods is paramount to creating a robust and effective API. Some of the common HTTP methods used in API design include GET, POST, PUT, DELETE, and PATCH. Each of these methods signifies a different type of request, allowing for various interactions with your API endpoints. This in turn creates a more dynamic, functional, and user-friendly API.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "HTTP request methods",
+        "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Methods",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "HTTP Request Methods - W3Schools",
+        "url": "https://www.w3schools.com/tags/ref_httpmethods.asp",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What are HTTP Methods?",
+        "url": "https://blog.postman.com/what-are-http-methods/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "7szYyzLifKsepNU0c2KnN": {
+    "title": "HTTP Status Codes",
+    "description": "HTTP Status Codes are an essential part of API Design, providing important information about the result of a request made to a server. They are 3-digit numbers where the first digit defines the class of response, while the last two digits do not have any categorization value. For instance, '200' stands for a successful HTTP request, while '404' signifies that a requested resource could not be found on the server. Efficient use of these codes can enhance API's robustness, making it more understandable and easier to debug.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "HTTP Status Codes",
+        "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Status",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What are HTTP status codes?",
+        "url": "https://umbraco.com/knowledge-base/http-status-codes/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "List of HTTP status codes",
+        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_status_codes",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "HTTP Status Codes explained in 5 minutes",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qmpUfWN7hh4",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "rE-0yibRH6B2UBKp351cf": {
+    "title": "HTTP Headers",
+    "description": "HTTP Headers play a crucial role in API Design as they provide essential information between the client and server regarding the data to be exchanged. Headers are part of the HTTP request and response message, with types including Standard, Non-standard, Common or Uncommon headers. They can define parameters such as content type, authentication, response status, cookies, and more. Understanding and effectively utilizing HTTP Headers is key to designing robust and secure APIs. A well-defined set of headers ensures successful data exchange, handles errors gracefully, and improves overall communication between the client and server.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "HTTP Headers",
+        "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What are HTTP headers?",
+        "url": "https://blog.postman.com/what-are-http-headers/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What are HTTP Headers & Understand different types of HTTP headers",
+        "url": "https://requestly.com/blog/what-are-http-headers-understand-different-types-of-http-headers/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "P-rGIk50Bg7nFmWieAW07": {
+    "title": "URL, Query & Path Parameters",
+    "description": "When designing APIs, an integral part involves dealing with uniform resource locators (URLs), query parameters, and path parameters. These components play crucial parts in how the API sends and retrieves data. The URL forms the basis of the API given that it identifies the resource on the server. Query parameters are used to filter specific results, sorting or showing specific data fields. On the other hand, Path parameters serve as placeholders for variable data that will be input into the URL, allowing us to customize the data response. Understanding the usage of URL, query, and path parameters is of utmost importance for creating efficient, scalable and user-friendly APIs.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Understanding Path Variables and Query Parameters in HTTP Requests",
+        "url": "https://medium.com/@averydcs/understanding-path-variables-and-query-parameters-in-http-requests-232248b71a8",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Describing parameters",
+        "url": "https://swagger.io/docs/specification/describing-parameters/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Path parameters",
+        "url": "https://help.iot-x.com/api/how-to-use-the-api/parameters/path-parameters",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "UFuX8wcxZQ7dvaQF_2Yp8": {
+    "title": "Cookies",
+    "description": "Cookies play an instrumental role in the field of API (Application Programming Interface) design. Essentially, cookies are small bits of data stored on a user's browser that enables stateful HTTP sessions, by storing pertinent information between server communications. In API design, cookies are especially useful when authentication is required. Cookies can store session tokens, thereby allowing users to stay logged in across multiple sessions or different web pages. Understanding cookies and how they function is vital in API design for sustaining user sessions, providing enhanced user experience, and securing user information.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What Are API Cookies? How to Send it?",
+        "url": "https://apidog.com/articles/what-are-api-cookies/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Cookes - Mozilla",
+        "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Mozilla/Add-ons/WebExtensions/API/cookies",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "TX_hg7EobNJhmWKsMCaT1": {
+    "title": "Content Negotiation",
+    "description": "In the context of API design, Content Negotiation refers to the process where the client and the server communicate about the data representation which is acceptable for both of them. It allows clients to indicate the preferred response format, such as JSON, XML, or HTML. This mechanism leads to flexible and adaptable APIs, enhancing their usability. Understanding and efficiently utilizing content negotiation is an integral part of mastering API design basics.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Content Negotiation",
+        "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Content_negotiation",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Content Negotiation in practice",
+        "url": "https://softwaremill.com/content-negotiation-in-practice/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "GRlsBogOlOwuqhMMPyHN3": {
+    "title": "CORS",
+    "description": "Cross-Origin Resource Sharing (CORS) is a critical concept in API Design. It is a mechanism that uses HTTP headers to tell browsers to give a web application running at one origin, access to selected resources from a different origin. By default, web browsers prohibit web pages from making requests to a different domain than the one the web page came from. CORS is the guideline that lets you configure a set of rules on the server to define which types of cross-domain requests are allowed, providing much-needed flexibility without compromising security. Understanding CORS is crucial in designing APIs that ensure safe and effective inter-domain communication.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Cross-Origin Resource Sharing (CORS)",
+        "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/CORS",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is CORS?",
+        "url": "https://aws.amazon.com/what-is/cross-origin-resource-sharing/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "CORS in 100 seconds",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4KHiSt0oLJ0",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "KG3wO86F8Of27fU7QRcsn": {
+    "title": "Understand TCP / IP",
+    "description": "When designing APIs, an essential building block is the understanding of TCP/IP. TCP/IP, standing for Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol, is the suite of communications protocols used to connect hosts on the Internet. It provides ordered, error-checked delivery of streams of bytes from a program on one computer to another program on another computer. If you want to understand how APIs communicate over networks, knowing the fundamental working of TCP/IP is indispensable. Fully appreciating this topic will strengthen your grasp on API design and help you make more informed decisions when creating APIs.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is Transmission Control Protocol TCP/IP?",
+        "url": "https://www.fortinet.com/resources/cyberglossary/tcp-ip",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is TCP/IP?",
+        "url": "https://www.cloudflare.com/en-gb/learning/ddos/glossary/tcp-ip/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "what is TCP/IP and OSI?",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CRdL1PcherM",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "v4nJYD9yiIEUviLPhVTCD": {
+    "title": "Basics of DNS",
+    "description": "When discussing the foundational elements of API Design, the Basics of DNS (Domain Name System) can't be overlooked. DNS plays a fundamental role in the way APIs function, acting as the internet's equivalent of a phone book, it interprets human-friendly hostnames into IP addresses that APIs need for communication. Understanding this complex system is essential as it allows for better comprehension of the navigation and messaging flow in API Design. For API developers, knowledge about DNS can significantly aid in troubleshooting connectivity issues, ensuring secure connections, and optimizing API architecture with more efficient calls.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is DNS?",
+        "url": "https://www.cloudflare.com/en-gb/learning/dns/what-is-dns/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Introduction to DNS",
+        "url": "https://aws.amazon.com/route53/what-is-dns/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "DNS explained in 100 seconds",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UVR9lhUGAyU",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "o8i093VQv-T5Qf1yGqU0R": {
+    "title": "Different API Styles",
+    "description": "Application Programming Interface (API) design isn't a one-size-fits-all endeavor. APIs can be structured in various styles, each with its own unique characteristics, advantages, and use cases. Early identification of the appropriate API style is crucial in ensuring a functional, efficient and seamless end-user experience. Commonly used API styles include REST, SOAP, GraphQL, and gRPC. Understanding these diverse API styles would help in making better design choices, fostering efficient overall system architecture, and promoting an intuitive and easy-to-use application.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "BvwdASMvuNQ9DNgzdSZ4o": {
+    "title": "RESTful APIs",
+    "description": "RESTful APIs, or Representational State Transfer APIs, are a set of conventions for designing networked applications. They utilize HTTP methods to read, update and delete data. They offer a simple and standardized way to build web services that can be easily consumed by different clients. The key principles of a RESTful API include stateless client-server communication, cacheable data, and a uniform interface, making the API easy to understand, flexible, and scalable. Moreover, it relies heavily on the use of resources and their representations, making it a popular choice in API design due to its performance, scalability, simplicity, and reliability.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is REST?",
+        "url": "https://restfulapi.net/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is a RESTul API?",
+        "url": "https://aws.amazon.com/what-is/restful-api/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "TVR-SkErlOHbDKLBGfxep": {
+    "title": "Simple JSON APIs",
+    "description": "Simple JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) APIs are a popular form of API or \"Application Programming Interface\" which utilise JSON to exchange data between servers and web applications. This method has gained prominence mainly for its simplicity, light weight, and easy readability. In the context of API design, a well-structured JSON API allows developers to efficiently interact with the backend and retrieve only the data they need in a consistent and comprehensible manner. From reducing redundant data to enabling quick parsing, Simple JSON APIs provide numerous benefits to improve the overall performance of applications. Designing a good JSON API requires careful planning, sound knowledge of HTTP methods, endpoints, error handling mechanisms, and most importantly, a clear understanding of the application's data requirements.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "A specification for building JSON APIs",
+        "url": "https://github.com/json-api/json-api",
+        "type": "opensource"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "JSON API: Explained in 4 minutes (+ EXAMPLES)",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N-4prIh7t38",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "Wwd-0PjrtViMFWxRGaQey": {
+    "title": "gRPC APIs",
+    "description": "gRPC is a platform agnostic serialization protocol that is used to communicate between services. Designed by Google in 2015, it is a modern alternative to REST APIs. It is a binary protocol that uses HTTP/2 as a transport layer. It is a high performance, open source, general-purpose RPC framework that puts mobile and HTTP/2 first.\n\nIt's main use case is for communication between two different languages within the same application. You can use Python to communicate with Go, or Java to communicate with C#.\n\ngRPC uses the protocol buffer language to define the structure of the data that is\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "gRPC Website",
+        "url": "https://grpc.io/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "gRPC Introduction",
+        "url": "https://grpc.io/docs/what-is-grpc/introduction/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "gRPC Core Concepts",
+        "url": "https://grpc.io/docs/what-is-grpc/core-concepts/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about gRPC",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/grpc?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Stephane Maarek - gRPC Introduction",
+        "url": "https://youtu.be/XRXTsQwyZSU",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "MKVcPM2EzAr2_Ieyp9Fu3": {
+    "title": "GraphQL APIs",
+    "description": "GraphQL is an open-source data query and manipulation language for APIs, and a runtime for executing those queries with your existing data. Unlike REST, where you have predefined data return structures for each endpoint, GraphQL APIs are designed around a type system and enable the client application to precisely specify what data it needs from the server. This gives a lot of flexibility and efficiency, leading to fewer round trips to the server and significantly enhancing the performance of the client application. Whether you are building a small project or an enterprise-scale application, understanding and implementing GraphQL APIs can result in cleaner, more manageable code.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Public GraphQL APIs",
+        "url": "https://github.com/graphql-kit/graphql-apis",
+        "type": "opensource"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "GraphQL Website",
+        "url": "https://graphql.org/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "GraphQL explained in 100 seconds",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eIQh02xuVw4",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "awdoiCHz7Yc3kYac_iy-a": {
+    "title": "Building JSON / RESTful APIs",
+    "description": "Building JSON/RESTful APIs involves designing and implementing APIs that adhere to the architectural constraints of Representational State Transfer (REST). These APIs use JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) as a format for information interchange, due to its lightweight, easy-to-understand, and universally accepted nature. A well-designed RESTful API, utilizing JSON, is key in developing applications that are scalable, maintainable, and easily integrated with other systems. This design approach enables the resources on a server to be accessed and manipulated using standard HTTP protocols, facilitating communication between different services and systems. Furthermore, it enables client-server interactions to be stateless, meaning each request from a client must contain all the information needed by the server to understand and process the request.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "A specification for building APIs in JSON",
+        "url": "https://jsonapi.org/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How to make a REST API",
+        "url": "https://www.integrate.io/blog/how-to-make-a-rest-api/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is a REST API?",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lsMQRaeKNDk&t=170s",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "9WI_z34jIFXwoUQuChyRU": {
+    "title": "REST Principles",
+    "description": "REST (Representational State Transfer) is an important architectural style used in API design. It defines a set of rules and conventions through which systems communicate over a network. Key characteristics of REST include statelessness, client-server communication, cacheability, and a uniform interface. Understanding and applying these principles properly can help in designing robust, scalable, and high-performance APIs. REST principles revolve around resources and their manipulation to achieve desired outcomes. By following these principles, developers can ensure that their API design is in line with web standards, thus improving interoperability across different systems.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "REST API Principles | A Comprehensive Overview",
+        "url": "https://blog.dreamfactory.com/rest-apis-an-overview-of-basic-principles",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "REST principles",
+        "url": "https://ninenines.eu/docs/en/cowboy/2.12/guide/rest_principles/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "b3qRTLwCC_9uDoPGrd9Bu": {
+    "title": "URI Design",
+    "description": "URI (Uniform Resource Identifier) is a string of characters used to identify a name or a resource on the Internet. Designing URIs carefully is a crucial part of creating a smooth API interface that is easy to understand, remember and use. Good URI design ensures that related resources are grouped together in a logical manner and can greatly impact the usability and maintainability of an API. It involves crafting standardised, intuitive HTTP paths that take advantage of the hierarchical nature of URLs to provide a better structure to the API. This hierarchy can then be used to expand the API over time without breaking existing clients' functionality.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Guidelines for URI design",
+        "url": "https://css-tricks.com/guidelines-for-uri-design/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Designing URIs",
+        "url": "https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/restful-web-services/9780596809140/ch04.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "itILK2SXvLvAjk1Kul7EK": {
+    "title": "Versioning Strategies",
+    "description": "API Versioning is a critical component of API Design and Management. As the APIs evolve over time to meet the new business requirements and functionality enhancements, it is crucial to manage the changes in a way that doesn't break the existing client applications. This calls for effective versioning strategies in API design. There are different versioning strategies like URI versioning, Request Header versioning, and Media Type versioning which are adopted based on the ease of implementation, client compatibility, and accessibility. Understanding each strategy and its pros and cons can lead to better API Design and maintainability.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is API versioning?",
+        "url": "https://www.postman.com/api-platform/api-versioning/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "4 API versioning best practices",
+        "url": "https://kodekloud.com/blog/api-versioning-best-practices/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Versioning your APIs",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Np_Jr6AvCOc",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "pgJDzP3pJjhjr5wTRtPJO": {
+    "title": "Pagination",
+    "description": "Pagination is a crucial aspect of API design, providing a systematic approach to handling large amounts of data in a manageable way. Instead of returning all data in a single response, which can be overwhelming and inefficient, APIs implement pagination to deliver this data in smaller, more convenient parcels. This allows client applications to fetch data incremently and only as needed, greatly enhancing performance and usability. The design and implementation of pagination can vary, with different strategies such as limit-offset, cursor-based, or time-based pagination, each with its own set of advantages and limitations. An effective API design should carefully consider pagination style, striving for a balance between ease of use, efficiency, and scalability.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Everything you need to know about API pagination",
+        "url": "https://nordicapis.com/everything-you-need-to-know-about-api-pagination/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Pagination in the REST API - Atlassian",
+        "url": "https://developer.atlassian.com/server/confluence/pagination-in-the-rest-api/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Unlock the power of API pagination",
+        "url": "https://dev.to/pragativerma18/unlocking-the-power-of-api-pagination-best-practices-and-strategies-4b49",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "O7wjldZ3yTA2s_F-UnJw_": {
+    "title": "Rate Limiting",
+    "description": "Rate Limiting is a critical aspect of API Design that dictates the number of API calls a client can make within a specified timeframe. This helps in managing resource allocation, preventing abuse of the API, and maintaining the overall health of the API system. Proper rate limiting measures should be in place to ensure the API's stability, thereby delivering a consistent and reliable service to all consumers. It works primarily by setting a limit on the frequency of client requests, thereby preventing individual users from overloading the system. It is crucial to design and implement rate limiting carefully for maintaining API availability and performance.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "20KEgZH6cu_UokqWpV-9I": {
+    "title": "Idempotency",
+    "description": "Idempotency in API design refers to the concept where multiple identical requests have the same effect as a single request. This means that no matter how many times a client sends the same request to the server, the server's state stays the same after the first request. Designing APIs to be idempotent is essential for reliability, as it allows retries without side-effects, reduces complexity in distributed systems, and provides better user experience in unstable network conditions. Understanding idempotency concepts can increase the robustness and fault tolerance of your APIs. It is usually applicable to `PUT`, `DELETE`, and sometimes `POST` methods in RESTful APIs.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is idempotency?",
+        "url": "https://blog.dreamfactory.com/what-is-idempotency",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Idempotent REST API",
+        "url": "https://restfulapi.net/idempotent-rest-apis/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "LByD1vhzunhY1uY1YGZHP": {
+    "title": "HATEOAS",
+    "description": "Hypertext As The Engine Of Application State (HATEOAS) is a key concept in the design of RESTful APIs (Application Programming Interfaces). It implies that the API delivers data as well as information about available interactions. By utilizing hypermedia, it contributes to the self-descriptiveness and discoverability of the API. When correctly implemented, clients only need generic knowledge about hypermedia, not specific API semantics, which can significantly simplify client implementations and make APIs more flexible to changes. The principle of HATEOAS can enforce a more structured, standardized approach to API design and development.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "HATEOAS Driven REST APIs",
+        "url": "https://restfulapi.net/hateoas/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "HATEOAS",
+        "url": "https://htmx.org/essays/hateoas/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What Happend To HATEOAS in RESTful API?",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HNTSrytKCoQ",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "zXxEiM5HeOn7W-Vue0tQf": {
+    "title": "Handling CRUD Operations",
+    "description": "When designing APIs, one needs to account for various types of interactions with data - these typically revolve around the CRUD operations; Create, Read, Update, and Delete. Whether the API is designed for a banking app or a social media platform, the need to create new data, read or retrieve existing data, update or modify that data, and delete unnecessary data is universal.\n\nTherefore, mastering CRUD operations in API design is a fundamental skill. Effective handling of CRUD operations facilitates seamless interaction between the front-end and back-end systems, and ensures proper data management, thereby improving user experience.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Introduction to Building a CRUD API with Node.js and Express",
+        "url": "https://www.split.io/blog/introduction-to-building-a-crud-api-with-node-js-and-express/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "An expert's guide to CRUD APIs",
+        "url": "https://www.forestadmin.com/blog/an-experts-guide-to-crud-apis-designing-a-robust-one/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Rethinking CRUD For REST API Designs - Palentir",
+        "url": "https://blog.palantir.com/rethinking-crud-for-rest-api-designs-a2a8287dc2af",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "8tELdagrOaGCf3nMVs8t3": {
+    "title": "Error Handling",
+    "description": "Error Handling is a crucial aspect of API design that ensures the stability, usability, and reliability of the API in production. APIs are designed to help systems communicate with each other. However, there can be instances where these systems might encounter exceptions or errors. The process of predicting, catching, and managing these error occurrences is what we refer to as 'Error Handling'. In the context of API Design, it involves defining and implementing specific strategies to detect, manage and inform consumers of any exception or error that occurs while executing requests. Configuring this appropriately provides a more robust and seamless communication experience, enabling developers to debug and rectify issues more efficiently.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Best practices for API error handling",
+        "url": "https://blog.postman.com/best-practices-for-api-error-handling/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Best Practices for REST API Error Handling",
+        "url": "https://www.baeldung.com/rest-api-error-handling-best-practices",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Handling HTTP API Errors with Problem Details",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uvTT_0hqhyY",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "5CxU3inGcSHp-TDg3BQiY": {
+    "title": "RFC 7807 -  Problem Details for APIs",
+    "description": "The practice of API Design includes a significant focus on handling errors effectively and transparently. Among the widespread standards being adopted, the RFC 7807 or Problem Details for HTTP APIs plays a crucial role. This specification provides a standardized format for sending problem or error details from an HTTP API so developers engaging with the API do not need to parse non-standard error messages and can anticipate the structure of potential errors. In essence, RFC 7807 improves the usability and comprehension of your API, providing a better developer experience and encouraging the efficient use of your API. Implementing it paves the way to robust and accountable systems, where issues can be traced, identified, and solved more conveniently.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "RFC 7807 - Problem Details for HTTP APIs",
+        "url": "https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7807",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "RFC 9457 - Problem Details for HTTP APIs",
+        "url": "https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc9457.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "qAolZHf_jp8hCdtqHZwC8": {
+    "title": "HTTP Caching",
+    "description": "HTTP caching is a key aspect of API design which involves storing copies of responses to HTTP requests to speed up future requests. When an API receives the same request multiple times, instead of processing each request separately, it can use a previously stored response, thereby improving performance and efficiency. The cache is governed by headers on the HTTP requests and responses. Understanding and implementing HTTP caching in API design can drastically reduce latency, network traffic and improve the speed of an API.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Why HTTP Caching matters for APIs",
+        "url": "https://thenewstack.io/why-http-caching-matters-for-apis/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Caching REST API Response",
+        "url": "https://restfulapi.net/caching/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "cQnQ9v3mH27MGNwetz3JW": {
+    "title": "Authentication Methods",
+    "description": "Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) are critical components in software development that allow different software systems to communicate and share functionality. To ensure secure communication, it's essential to authenticate the parties involved in the API transactions. The authentication process confirms the identity of the API user. There are numerous authentication methods available when designing an API, each with its own pros and cons. This includes Basic Authentication, API Key Authentication, OAuth, and JWT among others. Understanding these different methods and their best use cases is fundamental to designing secure and effective APIs.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "0FzHERK5AeYL5wv1FBJbH": {
+    "title": "Basic Auth",
+    "description": "Basic Auth, short for Basic Authentication, is a simple method often used in API design for handling user authentication. In this method, client credentials, consisting of a username and password pair, are passed to the API server in a field in the HTTP header. The server then verifies these credentials before granting access to protected resources. Although Basic Auth is straightforward to implement, it is less secure compared to more advanced methods since it involves transmitting credentials in an encoded, but not encrypted, format. It is often used in cases where simplicity is paramount, or High security levels are not required.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Basic Auth Generation Header",
+        "url": "https://www.debugbear.com/basic-auth-header-generator",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Basic Authentication - Swagger.io",
+        "url": "https://swagger.io/docs/specification/authentication/basic-authentication/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Basic Authentication - Twillio",
+        "url": "https://www.twilio.com/docs/glossary/what-is-basic-authentication",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "QTH7sy9uQZWl6ieBz7erY": {
+    "title": "Token Based Auth",
+    "description": "Token-based authentication is a crucial aspect of API design. It involves providing the user with a token that validates their identity after they have successfully logged in. Once the token is obtained, users can use it to access resources and services provided by the API. This token is usually passed in the headers of subsequent HTTP requests done by the client. One key advantage of token-based auth is that tokens can be created and checked by the server without storing them persistently, which can help to scale applications more easily. This authentication method enhances the security and scalability of web applications and it is mainly used in modern API strategies, including RESTful APIs.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What Is Token-Based Authentication?",
+        "url": "https://www.okta.com/uk/identity-101/what-is-token-based-authentication/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Session vs Token Authentication in 100 Seconds",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UBUNrFtufWo",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Token based auth",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=woNZJMSNbuo",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "tWg68AHLIr1gIZA1za3jp": {
+    "title": "JWT ",
+    "description": "JSON Web Tokens, or JWT, are a popular and secure method of transferring information between two parties in the domain of API design. As a compact, URL-safe means of representing claims to be transferred between two parties, they play a vital role in security and authorization in modern APIs. By encoding these claims, the information can be verified and trusted with a digital signature - ensuring that the API end-points can handle requests in a secure and reliable way. JWT is a relatively lightweight and scalable method that brings improved authentication and information exchange processes in API design.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Introduction to JSON Web Tokens",
+        "url": "https://jwt.io/introduction",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "JSON Web Tokens",
+        "url": "https://auth0.com/docs/secure/tokens/json-web-tokens",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Why is JWT popular?",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P2CPd9ynFLg",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "TLuNtQ6HKYQXmglyVk8-t": {
+    "title": "OAuth 2.0",
+    "description": "OAuth 2.0 is an authorization framework that allows applications to obtain limited access to user accounts on an HTTP service, such as Facebook, GitHub, DigitalOcean, and others. It works by delegating user authentication to the service that hosts the user account and authorizing third-party applications to access the user account. OAuth 2.0 defines four roles: resource owner, client, resource server and authorization server. With regards to API design, OAuth 2.0 can be used to protect API endpoints by ensuring that the client applications having valid access tokens can only interact with the API. It provides detailed workflow processes and a set of protocols for the client application to get authorization to access resources.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "OAuth Website",
+        "url": "https://oauth.net/2/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is OAuth 2.0?",
+        "url": "https://auth0.com/intro-to-iam/what-is-oauth-2",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "OAuth 2 Explained In Simple Terms",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZV5yTm4pT8g",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "eQWoy4CpYP3TJL2bbhPB_": {
+    "title": "Session Based Auth",
+    "description": "Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) are critical for building software applications. Among several key considerations during API design, one is deciding how to implement authentication and security. Session Based Authentication is one popular way to apply security in API design.\n\nThis method revolves around the server creating a session for the user after they successfully log in, associating it with a session identifier. This Session ID is then stored client-side within a cookie. On subsequent requests, the server validates the Session ID before processing the API call. The server will destroy the session after the user logs out, thereby invalidating the Session ID.\n\nUnderstanding Session Based Authentication is crucial for secure API design, especially in scenarios where security is a top priority or in legacy systems where this method is prevalent.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Session Based Authentication - Roadmap.sh",
+        "url": "https://roadmap.sh/guides/session-based-authentication",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Session vs Token Authentication",
+        "url": "https://www.authgear.com/post/session-vs-token-authentication",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Session Based Authentication - Roadmap.sh",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gKkBEOq_shs",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "nHbn8_sMY7J8o6ckbD-ER": {
+    "title": "Authorization Methods",
+    "description": "In API design, authorization methods play a crucial role in ensuring the security and integrity of data transactions. They are the mechanisms through which an API identifies and validates a user, system, or application before granting them access to specific resources. These methods include Basic Authentication, OAuth, Token-based authentication, JSON Web Tokens (JWT), and API Key based, among others. So, understanding these methods enhances the ability to design APIs that effectively protect resources while allowing necessary access. Each method has its own pros and cons, usage scenarios and security features that make them more suitable for certain situations rather than others.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "wFsbmMi5Ey9UyDADdbdPW": {
+    "title": "Role Based Access Control (RBAC)",
+    "description": "Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) is a method of managing authorization in API design that assigns system access to users based on their role within an organization. RBAC is crucial in controlling which endpoints a user can call, and what operations they are allowed to execute. In the context of API design, RBAC ensures appropriate levels of access for different types of users to guarantee data security and integrity. It simplifies the process of security administration by assigning privileges based on a user's job function, rather than on an individual basis.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Role-Based Access Control",
+        "url": "https://auth0.com/docs/manage-users/access-control/rbac",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is role-based access control (RBAC)?",
+        "url": "https://www.redhat.com/en/topics/security/what-is-role-based-access-control",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Role-based access control (RBAC) vs. Attribute-based access control (ABAC)",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rvZ35YW4t5k",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "dZTe_kxIUQsc9N3w920aR": {
+    "title": "Attribute Based Access Control (ABAC)",
+    "description": "Attribute Based Access Control (ABAC) is a flexible and powerful authorization method in the realm of API Design. Distinct from Role-Based Access Control (RBAC), which relies on predefined roles and permissions, ABAC uses attributes to build policies and make decisions. These attributes can be associated with the user, the action they want to perform, targeted resources, or the environment. With ABAC, finer-grained access control can be achieved, thereby improving the security and efficiency of APIs. This approach is widely used in complex and dynamic environments where access control requirements can be multifaceted and deeply context-dependent.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is Attribute Based Access Control?",
+        "url": "https://www.okta.com/uk/blog/2020/09/attribute-based-access-control-abac/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Attribute Based Access Control",
+        "url": "https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/introduction_attribute-based-access-control.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "tzUJwXu_scwQHnPPT0oY-": {
+    "title": "API Keys & Management",
+    "description": "API keys and management is an integral part of API design. An API key is a unique identifier used to authenticate a user, developer, or calling program to an API. This ensures security and control over API endpoints, as only those with a valid API key can make requests. API Management, on the other hand, refers to the practices and tools that enable an organization to govern and monitor its API usage. It involves all the aspects of managing APIs including design, deployment, documentation, security, versioning, and analytics. Both elements play crucial roles in securing and organizing API access for efficient and controlled data sharing and communication.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is API key management?",
+        "url": "https://www.akeyless.io/secrets-management-glossary/api-key-management/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "API Key Management | Definition and Best Practices",
+        "url": "https://infisical.com/blog/api-key-management",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "5R9yKfN1vItuv__HgCwP7": {
+    "title": "API Documentation Tools",
+    "description": "API Documentation Tools are instrumental in conveying the intricacies of API design to both technical developers and non-technical stakeholders. These tools help in creating comprehensive, easy-to-understand, and searchable documentation encompassing all the elements of an API such as its functions, classes, return types, arguments, and more. Thorough documentation is central in API design as it fosters seamless adoption, effective implementation, and efficient troubleshooting of APIs. Various tools exist including Swagger, DapperDox, and ReDoc, each with unique functionalities to suit different API documentation requirements.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Swagger's Official Website",
+        "url": "https://swagger.io/",
+        "type": "website"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "DapperDox's Official Website",
+        "url": "http://dapperdox.io/",
+        "type": "website"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "ReDoc Documentation",
+        "url": "https://github.com/Redocly/redoc",
+        "type": "website"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "5RY7AlfRQydjxWK65Z4cv": {
+    "title": "Swagger / Open API",
+    "description": "Swagger, also known as OpenAPI (not to be confused with OpenAI), is a set of tools specifically used for designing, building, and documenting RESTful Web services. API developers heavily rely on it due to its incredible feature for designing APIs with a clear and easy-to-understand approach. By utilizing the OpenAPI Specification (OAS), developers can accurately define a RESTful API that can easily be used across various programming languages. This powerful universal language is a key component for effective and efficient API design.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Swagger Website",
+        "url": "https://swagger.io/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is Swagger?",
+        "url": "https://blog.hubspot.com/website/what-is-swagger",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "OpenAPI Inititive",
+        "url": "https://www.openapis.org/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "KQAus72RGqx5f-3-YeJby": {
+    "title": "Postman",
+    "description": "Postman is a popular tool in web development for designing, testing, and managing APIs. As a collaborative platform, it simplifies each step of the API lifecycle and streamlines collaboration across teams. In context of API design, it can be employed to design and mock APIs, automate testing, and observe responses in a user-friendly interface. API endpoints can be organized into collections also in Postman for a well-structured and organized API design process. Ultimately, its user-friendly interface and comprehensive features position Postman as an indispensable tool in the realm of API design.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Postman Website",
+        "url": "https://www.postman.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Postman Api Testing Tutorial for beginners",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MFxk5BZulVU",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "LxWHkhlikUaMT2G8YmVDQ": {
+    "title": "Readme.com",
+    "description": "[Readme.com](http://Readme.com) is an invaluable tool in the realm of API Design, renowned for providing a collaborative platform for creating beautiful, dynamic and intuitive documentation. It's a tool which aids developers in outlining clear, comprehensive documentation for their API interfaces. The API documentation created with [Readme.com](http://Readme.com) is not just about the presentation of information, but enhances the reader's understanding by making it interactive. This interactive approach encourages practical learning and offers insights into how the API will behave under different circumstances. With [Readme.com](http://Readme.com), developers can create a user-focused documentation environment that streamlines the learning process and makes their APIs easier to consume and implement.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "readmeio",
+        "url": "https://github.com/readmeio",
+        "type": "opensource"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "readme.com",
+        "url": "https://readme.com",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "OpS2NX1lPTOtfjV1wKtC4": {
+    "title": "Stoplight",
+    "description": "Stoplight is an advanced tool that offers a comprehensive platform for technical teams to handle all aspects of API design. Leveraging Stoplight, teams can design, document and develop APIs in a more collaborative and streamlined manner. It uses an OpenAPI specification and allows users to design APIs visually, making API development easier. With its ability to auto-generate API documentation, performing API mock testing, and providing API management features, Stoplight plays a crucial role in adopting a design-first approach in API development. By using Stoplight, APIs can be designed to be easy-to-use, scalable, and robust from the outset, which ultimately improves the overall development process and quality of the APIs.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "/stoplightio",
+        "url": "https://github.com/stoplightio",
+        "type": "opensource"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Stoplight Website",
+        "url": "https://stoplight.io/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "qIJ6dUppjAjOTA8eQbp0n": {
+    "title": "API Security",
+    "description": "API Security refers to the practices and products that are used to secure application programming interfaces (APIs). In the context of design, it is an essential component that helps ensure that a deployed API achieves its objectives in a safe and secure manner. This includes safeguarding the data, preventing unauthorized access, and protecting the system that hosts the API. API security encompasses the strategies, procedures and technology used to protect APIs from malicious attacks or unauthorized access while guaranteeing optimum performance, availability, and data privacy.\n\nHave a look at the following resources to understand API security and vulnerabilties further:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "OWASP Project API Security",
+        "url": "https://owasp.org/API-Security/editions/2023/en/0x00-toc/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Security",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/security?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "G70wvcOM1Isrx5ZBvS2xP": {
+    "title": "Common Vulnerabilities",
+    "description": "API design is a critical component of modern software development, enabling various applications to communicate and share data. However, as the use of APIs expands, so does the potential for security vulnerabilities. Understanding common vulnerabilities in API design is crucial to protecting sensitive data and maintaining a secure system. These vulnerabilities might arise due to lack of proper validation, weak authentication mechanisms, insecure endpoint configurations among others.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "API Vulnerability Overview",
+        "url": "https://apimike.com/api-vulnerabilities",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Top API Vulnerabilities and 6 Ways to Mitigate Them",
+        "url": "https://brightsec.com/blog/top-api-vulnerabilities-and-6-ways-to-mitigate-them/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "q1yaf-RbHIQsOqfzjn4k4": {
+    "title": "Best Practices",
+    "description": "API design has rapidly emerged as a vital component of software development. When designing an API, it is crucial to follow best practices to ensure optimization, scalability, and efficiency. The best practices in API design revolve around principles such as simplicity, consistency, security, and proper documentation among others. These practices not only smoothens the development process but also makes the API more user-friendly, stable, and easily maintainable. Thus, following the best practices in API design is not an option but rather a must for developers and organizations looking to create APIs that last longer and perform better.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Best practices for REST API design",
+        "url": "https://stackoverflow.blog/2020/03/02/best-practices-for-rest-api-design/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Best practices in API design",
+        "url": "https://swagger.io/resources/articles/best-practices-in-api-design/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "d9ZXdU73jiCdeNHQv1_DH": {
+    "title": "API Performance",
+    "description": "When we talk about API design, one crucial aspect that demands our attention is API Performance. API Performance refers to the efficiency and speed at which a developed API can execute tasks and communicate with other programs or software components. This fundamental aspect can directly impact the responsiveness of an application, determining how quickly data can be exchanged, processed, and presented to the end-user. Improving the API performance often resolves problems related to the user experience and enhances the overall performance of the application that the API is integrated with. API performance, therefore, plays a pivotal role both in facilitating optimized interactions between systems and in determining the overall success of the digital products that rely on such interfaces.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "10 Tips for Improving API Performance",
+        "url": "https://nordicapis.com/10-tips-for-improving-api-performance/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Top 7 Ways to 10x Your API Performance",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zvWKqUiovAM",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "nQpczZUcn-TvrfT80dv0Q": {
+    "title": "Performance Metrics",
+    "description": "API Design performance metrics play a critical role in ensuring APIs are efficient, effective, and absolutely fit for their intended purpose. The performance of an API can profoundly impact the user experience and overall system performance. Therefore, it is crucial to define and monitor a set of performance metrics. These may include response times, throughput, error rates, and others that measure system health and resource utilization. By prioritizing these metrics in the context of API Design, developers can create APIs that not only meet functional requirements but also deliver desired performance levels.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "API Performance Monitoring",
+        "url": "https://www.catchpoint.com/api-monitoring-tools/api-performance-monitoring",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How does API monitoring improve API performance?",
+        "url": "https://tyk.io/blog/api-product-metrics-what-you-need-to-know/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "PrvRCR4HCdGar0vcUbG_a": {
+    "title": "Caching Strategies",
+    "description": "Caching in API design serves as a technique that allows you to store copies of data temporarily in places where you can access it more readily. By obtaining this data from high-speed storage rather than slower storage sources, you can help improve the overall speed and performance of the API. Multiple strategies such as HTTP caching, database caching, application caching, and CDN caching can be implemented, each with its own sets of advantages and considerations. Understanding different caching strategies in the context of API design is crucial for designing efficient, high-performing APIs.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Caching Strategies for APIs",
+        "url": "https://medium.com/@satyendra.jaiswal/caching-strategies-for-apis-improving-performance-and-reducing-load-1d4bd2df2b44",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Using caching strategies to improve API performance",
+        "url": "https://www.lonti.com/blog/using-caching-strategies-to-improve-api-performance",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Cache Systems Every Developer Should Know",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dGAgxozNWFE",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "p5wsniYnOS7cbHd92RxGk": {
+    "title": "Load Balancing",
+    "description": "Load Balancing plays a crucial role in the domain of API Design. It primarily revolves around evenly and efficiently distributing network traffic across a group of backend servers, also known as a server farm or server pool. When it comes to API design, implementing load balancing algorithms is of immense importance to ensure that no single server bears too much demand. This allows for high availability and reliability by rerouting the traffic in case of server failure, effectively enhancing application performance and contributing to a positive user experience. Therefore, it's a vital tactic in ensuring the scalability and robustness of system architectures which heavily rely on API interactions.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is load balancing?",
+        "url": "https://www.cloudflare.com/en-gb/learning/performance/what-is-load-balancing/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "API Gateway vs Load Balancer: Which is Right for Your Application?",
+        "url": "https://konghq.com/blog/engineering/api-gateway-vs-load-balancer",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is a load balancer?",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sCR3SAVdyCc",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "tPVtRV818D8zAAuNbqPNa": {
+    "title": "Rate Limiting / Throttling",
+    "description": "Rate Limiting, often referred to as Throttling, is a fundamental aspect of API Design aimed at controlling the number of requests a client can make to an API within a specified timeframe. This technique ensures fair usage, enhances security, prevents server overload, and allows an even distribution of resources. It also minimizes the risks associated with abusive behaviors or DDoS attacks. Effective rate limiting strategy involves defining the limits based on the API's capacity and clients' reasonable needs, with flexibility to tweak these limits when necessary. Understanding rate limiting and its significance is crucial for building resilient, secure, and scalable API platforms.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "API Management 101: Rate Limiting",
+        "url": "https://tyk.io/learning-center/api-rate-limiting/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "API Rate Limiting vs. Throttling",
+        "url": "https://blog.stoplight.io/best-practices-api-rate-limiting-vs-throttling",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is Rate Limiting / API Throttling? | System Design Concepts",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9CIjoWPwAhU",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "-qdwBg7HvwlbLy3IKCRij": {
+    "title": "Profiling and Monitoring",
+    "description": "Profiling and monitoring are critical aspects of API design and implementation. Profiling, in this context, refers to the process of analyzing the behavior of your API in order to understand various performance metrics including response times, request rates, error rates, and the overall health and functionality of your API. On the other hand, monitoring is the ongoing process of checking the status of your API to ensure it's functioning as expected while also providing an early warning system for potential issues and improvements. Together, profiling and monitoring your API can lead to a more reliable, efficient, and high-performing service.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Monitor health and performance of your APIs",
+        "url": "https://learning.postman.com/docs/monitoring-your-api/intro-monitors/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "API profiling at Pintrest",
+        "url": "https://medium.com/pinterest-engineering/api-profiling-at-pinterest-6fa9333b4961",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "DQcAV59vr1-ZRnMfbLXpu": {
+    "title": "Performance Testing",
+    "description": "Performance Testing in API design refers to the practice of evaluating and ensuring that an API operates reliably and efficiently under varying workloads. Properly conducted performance testing can verify an API's speed, response time, reliability, and scalability. As an integral aspect of API design, it checks if API's are effectively meeting expectations for system functionality and demonstrates the potential areas of optimization. Performance testing is essential in maintaining high standards of user experience by preventing unexpected failures, and optimizing API consumer satisfaction.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "API Performance Testing: A Step-by-Step Guide",
+        "url": "https://testsigma.com/blog/api-performance-testing/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Simulate user traffic to test your API performance",
+        "url": "https://learning.postman.com/docs/collections/performance-testing/testing-api-performance/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "R3aRhqCslwhegMfHtxg5z": {
+    "title": "API Integration Patterns",
+    "description": "API Integration Patterns, in the context of API Design, refers to the common paradigms and approaches used to enable communication between services. These patterns dictate how different APIs interact and exchange data, allowing software applications to work cohesively. They play a vital role in application development by providing a standard method for connecting diverse software components. By understanding and implementing these patterns, developers can design more robust, scalable, and interoperable APIs.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "API Integration Patterns - Dzone",
+        "url": "https://dzone.com/refcardz/api-integration-patterns",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "API Integration Patterns",
+        "url": "https://uk.devoteam.com/expert-view/api-integration-patterns/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "--mmTKhG58_elbUqyn90G": {
+    "title": "Synchronous vs Asynchronous APIs",
+    "description": "When designing APIs, one critical decision is whether to create a synchronous or asynchronous API. Synchronous APIs are those that hold a connection open and wait for a response before moving on, hence operating in a sequential manner. This can lead to efficient, simple-to-understand coding but can pose performance issues when dealing with long tasks since the caller has to wait until the process finishes.\n\nOn the other hand, Asynchronous APIs do not wait for a response before moving on to the next task, allowing multiple operations to be executed simultaneously. This can result in improved performance and responsiveness especially in applications that need to handle multiple requests concurrently. However, coding for asynchronous APIs can be complex due to issues such as race conditions and callbacks. Understanding the differences between these two types of API design is crucial for creating efficient and effective APIs.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Asynchronous APIs — Everything You Need to Know",
+        "url": "https://blog.hubspot.com/website/asynchronous-api",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "The Differences Between Synchronous and Asynchronous APIs",
+        "url": "https://nordicapis.com/the-differences-between-synchronous-and-asynchronous-apis/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Understanding Asyncronous APIs",
+        "url": "https://blog.postman.com/understanding-asynchronous-apis/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "oMfOBkVsgiLvFLicOUdx6": {
+    "title": "Event Driven Architecture",
+    "description": "Event-driven architecture (EDA) is a software design concept that revolves around the production, interpretation, and consumption of events. With regards to API design, EDA grants systems the flexibility to decentralize analytics, microservices, and operations, thus promoting real-time information sharing and reaction. Event-driven APIs prioritize asynchronous communication, allowing applications to stay responsive even when tackling heavy data loads. For an effective API, adhering to EDA provides data reliability, maturity with a scalable structure, and efficient real-time data processing capabilities.\n\nLearn more form the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Event-driven architecture style",
+        "url": "https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/architecture/guide/architecture-styles/event-driven",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Event-driven architecture",
+        "url": "https://aws.amazon.com/event-driven-architecture/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Event-Driven Architecture: Explained in 7 Minutes!",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gOuAqRaDdHA",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "MJeUD4fOHaJu1oxk4uQ-x": {
+    "title": "API Gateways",
+    "description": "API Gateways act as the main point of entry in a microservices architecture, often responsible for request routing, composition, and protocol translation. They play a significant role in API design by providing a shared layer to handle non-business tasks. This not only simplifies how consumers interact with the backend services but also helps in maintaining the security, enforcing policies, and providing analytics over the API usage. When designing APIs, understanding and implementing efficient API Gateways is an invaluable skill, as these gateways form a crucial component of any well-structured, scalable API architecture.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What does an API Gateway do?",
+        "url": "https://www.redhat.com/en/topics/api/what-does-an-api-gateway-do",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What are API Gateways?",
+        "url": "https://www.ibm.com/blog/api-gateway/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "PPeBbooE121zrgNwpVTiA": {
+    "title": "Microservices Architecture",
+    "description": "When it comes to API Design, Microservices Architecture plays a crucial role. It represents a unique method of developing software systems that focuses on building single-function modules with well-defined interfaces. Each microservice runs a unique process and communicates through a well-defined, lightweight mechanism (often HTTP resources API) to serve a specific business goal. This architecture allows rapid, reliable, and scalable deployment of large, complex applications. It facilitates the organization of the development team around independently deployable units, thereby enhancing productivity and speed. When designing an API, it's essential to adapt this model to get a flexible and scalable construction.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is Microservices Architecture?",
+        "url": "https://cloud.google.com/learn/what-is-microservices-architecture",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Microservice Architecture Style",
+        "url": "https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/architecture/guide/architecture-styles/microservices",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Microservices explained in 5 minutes",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lL_j7ilk7rc",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "IkPZel5zxXWIx90Qx7fZI": {
+    "title": "Messaging Queues",
+    "description": "Messaging Queues play a fundamental role in API design, particularly in creating robust, decoupled, and efficient systems. These queues act like a buffer, storing messages or data sent from a sender (producer), allowing a receiver (consumer) to retrieve and process them at its own pace. In the context of API design, this concept enables developers to handle high-volume data processing requirements, providing an asynchronous communication protocol between multiple services. The benefits of messaging queues in API design include better system scalability, fault tolerance, and increased overall system resiliency.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is a message queue?",
+        "url": "https://aws.amazon.com/message-queue/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "REST API message queues explained",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2idPgA6IN_Q",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "75NVxS0iwoQXxOHCkWQxH": {
+    "title": "Webhooks vs Polling",
+    "description": "When it comes to managing server communication and data exchange in API design, two commonly used methods are webhooks and polling. These two strategies handle updates and data synchronization in different ways. Polling is a technique where the client repeatedly makes a request to the server to check for updates. In this case, it's the client determining the rate of information exchange. Conversely, webhooks operate on a 'push' mechanism. The server sends updates to the client as they happen, providing real-time, efficient data synchronization. Determining which method to use often depends on the specifics of the API design requirement including the frequency of data changes, server load, and application's real-time need.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "When to Use Webhooks, WebSocket, Pub/Sub, and Polling",
+        "url": "https://hookdeck.com/webhooks/guides/when-to-use-webhooks",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Polling vs webhooks: when to use one over the other",
+        "url": "https://www.merge.dev/blog/webhooks-vs-polling",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "X68HXAAV-nKo-V4Fu1o72": {
+    "title": "Batch Processing",
+    "description": "Batch Processing refers to the method of handling bulk data requests in API design. Here, multiple API requests are packed and processed as a single group or 'batch'. Instead of making numerous individual API calls, a user can make one batch request with numerous operations. This approach can increase performance and efficiency by reducing the overhead of establishing and closing multiple connections. The concept of 'batch processing' in API design is particularly useful in data-intensive applications or systems where the need for processing high volumes of data is prevalent.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "API design guidance: bulk vs batch import",
+        "url": "https://tyk.io/blog/api-design-guidance-bulk-and-batch-import/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Stream vs Batch processing explained with examples",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1xgBQTF24mU",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "H22jAI2W5QLL-b1rq-c56": {
+    "title": "Rabbit MQ",
+    "description": "RabbitMQ is an open-source message-broker software/system that plays a crucial role in API design, specifically in facilitating effective and efficient inter-process communication. It implements the Advanced Message Queuing Protocol (AMQP) to enable secure and reliable data transmission in various formats such as text, binary, or serialized objects.\n\nIn API design, RabbitMQ comes in handy in decoupling application processes for scalability and robustness, whilst ensuring that data delivery occurs safely and seamlessly. It introduces queuing as a way of handling multiple users or service calls at once hence enhancing responsiveness and performance of APIs. Its queue system elegantly digests API request loads, allowing services to evenly process data while preventing overloading.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "RabbitMQ Website",
+        "url": "https://www.rabbitmq.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Intro to RabbitMQ",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bfVddTJNiAw",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "boYX1QcJullypfX4sevdy": {
+    "title": "Kafka",
+    "description": "Apache Kafka is a real-time, fault-tolerant, and highly reliable messaging system that's integral to API design. It's primarily used to build real-time data streaming applications and microservices due to its inherent ability to handle high volume data and multi-subscriber support. In the context of API design, Kafka provides a robust messaging queue system that enables cloud-based platforms and services to communicate seamlessly with each other in a real-time environment. Moreover, the API designers use Kafka APIs such as Producer API, Consumer API, Streams API, and Connect API which enable the transmission and manipulation of messages within the Kafka ecosystem.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "apache/kafka",
+        "url": "https://github.com/apache/kafka",
+        "type": "opensource"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Kafka Website",
+        "url": "https://kafka.apache.org/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Kafka in 100 seconds",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uvb00oaa3k8",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "Wpk4TvxcZOJgAoXjrOsZF": {
+    "title": "API Testing",
+    "description": "API Testing refers to the process of checking the functionality, reliability, performance, and security of Application Programming Interfaces (APIs). It plays a crucial role in API design as it ensures that the APIs work correctly and as expected. This kind of testing does not require a user interface and mainly focuses on the business logic layer of the software architecture. API Testing is integral to guarantee that the data communication and responses between different software systems are error-free and streamlined.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is API testing?",
+        "url": "https://www.postman.com/api-platform/api-testing/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "API Testing : What It is, How to Test & Best Practices",
+        "url": "https://testsigma.com/guides/api-testing/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "JvmW78cDm84GNhq8VEYZp": {
+    "title": "Unit Testing",
+    "description": "Unit Testing, in the context of API design, refers to the process of testing the individual components or functions of an API independently to ensure that each part is working correctly. It is typically performed at the development stage. The chief goal of Unit Testing is to isolate each component and validate its correct operation, thereby increasing confidence in the stability of the API as a whole. It lays a solid foundation for integration testing and ultimately leads to reliable, bug-free APIs. Whether your API is RESTful, SOAP, or GraphQL, unit testing is a critical step in API design and development.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "How to write unit tests for your REST API",
+        "url": "https://medium.com/@oyetoketoby80/how-to-write-unit-test-for-your-rest-api-f8f71376273f",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Unit test a REST API",
+        "url": "https://www.testim.io/blog/unit-test-rest-api/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "qZELS5vw2feS7QfyD7spX": {
+    "title": "Integration Testing",
+    "description": "Integration testing is a critical aspect of API design. It is a level of software testing where individual units or components are combined and tested as a group. The main purpose of integration testing in API design is to expose faults and discrepancies in the interaction between integrated units. This testing approach ensures that the different parts of an API work together seamlessly, to deliver the necessary functionality and performance. It helps detect issues related to the network, database, and performance, which unit tests cannot uncover. Thus, this level of testing is instrumental in validating the reliability, efficiency, and functionality of an API's integrated components.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "How to run API integration tests",
+        "url": "https://www.merge.dev/blog/api-integration-testing",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Integration testing template",
+        "url": "https://www.postman.com/templates/fe506090-ca91-4340-bea9-82d2c3d2bb9a/Integration-testing/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "6lm3wy9WTAERTqXCn6pFt": {
+    "title": "Functional Testing",
+    "description": "Functional testing in the context of API design involves validating the endpoints and key-value pairs of an API. It ensures the server response works as expected and assesses the functionality of the API -- whether it is performing all the intended functions correctly. Various approaches like testing request-response pairs, error codes, and data accuracy are used. Functional testing can provide invaluable insights into how well an API meets the specified requirements and whether it is ready for integration into applications.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "API Functional Testing – Why Is It Important And How to Test",
+        "url": "https://testsigma.com/blog/api-functional-testing/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What Is API Functional Testing?",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CvJHDKMWofk",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "7JNEx_cbqnAx3esvwZMOd": {
+    "title": "Load Testing",
+    "description": "Load testing is a crucial aspect of API design that ensures reliability, efficiency and performance under varying loads. It primarily focuses on identifying the maximum capacity of the API in terms of the volume of requests it can handle and its subsequent behavior when this threshold is reached or overloaded. By simulating varying degrees of user load, developers can identify and rectify bottlenecks or breakdown points in the system, hence enhancing overall API resilience.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "API load testing - a beginners guide",
+        "url": "https://grafana.com/blog/2024/01/30/api-load-testing/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Test your API’s performance by simulating real-world traffic",
+        "url": "https://blog.postman.com/postman-api-performance-testing/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Load testing your API's",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a5hWE4hMOoY",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "bEVCT5QGY3uw0kIfAELKh": {
+    "title": "Mocking APIs",
+    "description": "API mocking is a crucial aspect of API design and testing. It involves simulating the behaviors of real APIs to test various aspects of the system without the need of the real API being readily available. During the stages of development and testing, the API might be undefined or changes in the API can be expected, hence mocking comes into the picture. In such cases, it helps software developers and testers to isolate the system and work independently, enhancing the control over the input and output of the test. The focus here ranges from testing the API for functionality, reliability, performance, to security. Therefore, understanding and implementing effective API mocking strategies can significantly streamline the API design and development process.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is API Mocking? Definition, Guide, and Best Practices",
+        "url": "https://katalon.com/resources-center/blog/what-is-api-mocking",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "@articleWhat is API mocking (What is API Mocking? Definition, Guide, and Best Practices)",
+        "url": "https://blog.postman.com/what-is-api-mocking/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How to Mock RESTFUL APIs - The Easy way!",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tJRN5WBF5Wc",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "NqeBglhzukVMMEF9p2CXc": {
+    "title": "Contract Testing",
+    "description": "Contract Testing is a critical aspect of maintaining a robust and reliable API infrastructure. In the realm of API design, Contract Testing refers to the method of ensuring that APIs work as anticipated and that changes to them do not break their intended functionality. This approach validates the interaction between two different systems, typically consumer and provider ( API), ensuring they comply with their agreed-upon contract. By defining clear and concise contracts for our APIs, developers can avoid common deployment issues and enhance system integration processes.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "A complete guide to Contract Testing",
+        "url": "https://testsigma.com/blog/api-contract-testing/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Get started with API Contract Testing",
+        "url": "https://saucelabs.com/resources/blog/getting-started-with-api-contract-testing",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Contract Testing",
+        "url": "https://www.postman.com/templates/42247877-8529-429d-acba-4de20c3b5b3b/Contract-testing/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "XD1vDtrRQFbLyKJaD1AlA": {
+    "title": "Error Handling / Retries",
+    "description": "When creating effective API designs, addressing Error Handling and Retries forms an essential facet. This is primarily due to the fact that APIs aren't always error-free and instances of network hiccups or input inaccuracies from users can occur. Without robust error handling, such occurrences can easily lead to catastrophic application failure or unsatisfactory user experiences.\n\nIn this context, error handling can refer to validating inputs, managing exceptions, and returning appropriate error message or status codes to the user. Meanwhile, the concept of retries comes into play to ensure maximum request success amidst transient failures. Through correctly implemented retries, an API can repeatedly attempt to execute a request until it is successful, thus ensuring seamless operation. The criteria and mechanisms of retries, including the count, delay, and conditions for retries, are crucial aspects to solidify during the API design.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "How To Improve Your Backend By Adding Retries to Your API Calls",
+        "url": "https://hackernoon.com/how-to-improve-your-backend-by-adding-retries-to-your-api-calls-83r3udx",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How to make resilient web applications with retries",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gly94hp3Eec",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "JE12g5cqnwmgeTle14Vxw": {
+    "title": "Real-time APIs",
+    "description": "In the realm of API Design, Real-time APIs hold significant value as they provide immediate access to the latest data as soon as they become available. Rather than relying on periodic polling for updates, Real-time APIs maintain an open connection between the client and the server which allows immediate, bi-directional data flow. These APIs are commonly used in applications which require real-time information such as live chat programs, financial trading platforms or online multiplayer games. Designing such APIs requires careful consideration of factors such as connection management, data consistency, and efficient handling of high volume data streams.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What are Realtime APIs?",
+        "url": "https://www.pubnub.com/guides/realtime-api/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What are realtime APIs and when to use them?",
+        "url": "https://ably.com/topic/what-is-a-realtime-api",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "UQ8N7gcVpRLAYXgUNHBt5": {
+    "title": "Web Sockets",
+    "description": "Web Sockets provide a long-lived connection between a client and a server over which messages can be sent bi-directionally, in real-time. They play a crucial role in creating real-time APIs by offering a faster and more efficient communication method over the traditional HTTP. In the context of API Design, Web Sockets are used for developing APIs that require real-time data transfer, such as chat applications, live sports updates, and real-time analytics. This paradigm shift from traditional HTTP-based API design to Web Socket-based API design helps create APIs that are more responsive, dynamic, and efficient in handling real-time data.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "The WebSocket API (WebSockets)",
+        "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/WebSockets_API",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What are websockets?",
+        "url": "https://www.pubnub.com/guides/websockets/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How web sockets work",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pnj3Jbho5Ck",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "iNsXTtcIHsI_i-mCfjGYn": {
+    "title": "Server Sent Events",
+    "description": "Server-Sent Events (SSE) represent an explicit concept in the design of Real-time APIs. Unlike traditional approaches where a client sends a request and awaits a response from the server, SSE enables a server to push data to clients whenever a particular event takes place. SSE is especially fundamental in API design when it comes to the development of applications where real-time data is essential, such as live news updates, real-time gaming, or live-streaming services. Designing APIs with the SSE approach ensures a more dynamic and responsive user experience.\n\nLearn more from the following events:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Using server-sent events",
+        "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Server-sent_events/Using_server-sent_events",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Server-Sent Events | Postman Level Up",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KrE044J8jEQ",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "yvdfoly5WHHTq2Puss355": {
+    "title": "Standards and Compliance",
+    "description": "When designing APIs, it's crucial to consider the concept of standards and compliance. Standards represent the set of rules and best practices that guide developers to create well-structured and easily maintainable APIs. They can range from the proper structure of the endpoints, the standardization of error responses, to naming conventions, and the usage of HTTP verbs.\n\nCompliance on the other hand, emphasizes on meeting protocol requirements or standards such as REST or SOAP. Furthermore, operating within regulated industries can also necessitate certain compliance measures like GDPR, HIPAA and others. Compliance in API Design ensures interoperability and safety of data transmission between systems.\n\nIn essence, Standards and Compliance in API Design contributes towards building more secure, robust, and efficient APIs that are user-friendly and universally understandable.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is API compliance?",
+        "url": "https://tyk.io/learning-center/api-compliance/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is API compliance and why is it important?",
+        "url": "https://www.traceable.ai/blog-post/achieve-api-compliance",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "REST API standards",
+        "url": "https://www.integrate.io/blog/rest-api-standards/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "vZxdswGLHCPi5GSuXEcHJ": {
+    "title": "GDPR",
+    "description": "The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) is an essential standard in API Design that addresses the storage, transfer, and processing of personal data of individuals within the European Union. With regards to API Design, considerations must be given on how APIs handle, process, and secure the data to conform with GDPR's demands on data privacy and security. This includes requirements for explicit consent, right to erasure, data portability, and privacy by design. Non-compliance with these standards not only leads to hefty fines but may also erode trust from users and clients. As such, understanding the impact and integration of GDPR within API design is pivotal for organizations handling EU residents' data.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "GDPR",
+        "url": "https://gdpr-info.eu/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is GDPR Compliance in Web Application and API Security?",
+        "url": "https://probely.com/blog/what-is-gdpr-compliance-in-web-application-and-api-security/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "At5exN7ZAx2IzY3cTCzHm": {
+    "title": "API Lifecycle Management",
+    "description": "API Lifecycle Management is a crucial aspect in API design that oversees the process of creating, managing, and retiring APIs. This involves various stages from initial planning, designing, testing, deployment, to eventual retirement of the API. Proper lifecycle management ensures that an API meets the requirements, is reliable, and that it evolves with the needs of end users and developers. Moreover, it helps in maintaining the security, performance, and accessibility of the API throughout its lifetime. This comprehensive approach enables organizations to make the most of their APIs, mitigate issues, and facilitate successful digital transformation.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is the API lifecycle?",
+        "url": "https://www.postman.com/api-platform/api-lifecycle/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is API lifescycle management?",
+        "url": "https://swagger.io/blog/api-strategy/what-is-api-lifecycle-management/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Day in the lifecycle of an API",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VxY_cz0VQXE",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "a-_iIE7UdoXzD00fD9MxN": {
+    "title": "CCPA",
+    "description": "The California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) is a pivotal state statute meant to enhance privacy rights and consumer protection for individuals within California, United States. API Design greatly impacts compliance with CCPA, as improper management and exposure of user data can potentially violate this law. Crucially, designing APIs means considering data privacy, security, and user consent from the very foundation. Programmatically, CCPA compliance may involve structuring APIs to respond to user demands such as data access, data deletion, and opt-out requests. It imposes a significant responsibility on API developers to enforce user control over data and maintain rigorous standards of data protection.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA)",
+        "url": "https://oag.ca.gov/privacy/ccpa",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is the CCPA?",
+        "url": "https://www.cloudflare.com/en-gb/learning/privacy/what-is-the-ccpa/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "J0enF8UTVzY3H4n3pbPIF": {
+    "title": "PCI DSS",
+    "description": "Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard (PCI DSS) is a widely accepted set of policies and procedures intended to optimize the security of credit, debit and cash card transactions and protect cardholders against misuse of their personal information. In terms of API Design, building APIs in compliance with PCI DSS is crucial when processing, storing or transmitting credit card information. By adhering to these standards, not only can developers ensure safe and secure API endpoints but also build trust among users by safeguarding their sensitive financial data.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is PCI DSS and how to comply?",
+        "url": "https://www.itgovernance.co.uk/pci_dss",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard",
+        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Payment_Card_Industry_Data_Security_Standard",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "W4WwTmgZGnWmiYsB0ezml": {
+    "title": "HIPAA",
+    "description": "HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act) is a critical standard when it comes to API design in the healthcare industry. In essence, it provides the mandate for protecting sensitive patient data. Any organization dealing with protected health information (PHI) must ensure all required physical, network, and process security measures are in place. In the context of API design, HIPAA compliance means structuring endpoints, data transmission, and storage methods that align with these crucial safeguards. This encompasses encryption, access controls, audit controls, and integrity controls. Hence, understanding HIPAA is fundamental for API designers working in the healthcare domain.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "HIPAA",
+        "url": "https://www.hhs.gov/hipaa/index.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "The 11 MOST Common HIPAA Violations",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sN-zLAqYoTo",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "mXCKtLUvwVJkHrpHzOecq": {
+    "title": "PII",
+    "description": "Personal Identifiable Information (PII) under Standards and Compliance is a crucial aspect of API Design. It refers to the secure handling and transmission of personal data such as names, addresses, and credit card numbers, which APIs often deal with. In this context, APIs must be built under strict compliance with standards such as GDPR, HIPAA or PCI DSS, which regulate the protection of personal data. These standards ensure that personal data is not misused and that user privacy is respected. Any violations can lead to hefty fines and damage to the company's reputation. Understanding PII and designing APIs in accordance with applicable regulations is vital for a robust, secure, and compliant API design.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Personally Identifiable Information (PII): Definition, Types, and Examples",
+        "url": "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/personally-identifiable-information-pii.asp",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is Personally Identifiable Information?",
+        "url": "https://www.ibm.com/topics/pii",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/public/roadmap-content/backend.json b/public/roadmap-content/backend.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..539359877
--- /dev/null
+++ b/public/roadmap-content/backend.json
@@ -0,0 +1,3039 @@
+{
+  "gKTSe9yQFVbPVlLzWB0hC": {
+    "title": "Search Engines",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "9Fpoor-Os_9lvrwu5Zjh-": {
+    "title": "Design and Development Principles",
+    "description": "In this section, we'll discuss some essential design and development principles to follow while building the backend of any application. These principles will ensure that the backend is efficient, scalable, and maintainable.\n\n1\\. Separation of Concerns (SoC)\n--------------------------------\n\nSeparation of Concerns is a fundamental principle that states that different functionalities of a system should be as independent as possible. This approach improves maintainability and scalability by allowing developers to work on separate components without affecting each other. Divide your backend into clear modules and layers, such as data storage, business logic, and network communication.\n\n2\\. Reusability\n---------------\n\nReusability is the ability to use components, functions, or modules in multiple places without duplicating code. While designing the backend, look for opportunities where you can reuse existing code. Use techniques like creating utility functions, abstract classes, and interfaces to promote reusability and reduce redundancy.\n\n3\\. Keep It Simple and Stupid (KISS)\n------------------------------------\n\nKISS principle states that the simpler the system, the easier it is to understand, maintain, and extend. When designing the backend, try to keep the architecture and code as simple as possible. Use clear naming conventions and modular structures, and avoid over-engineering and unnecessary complexity.\n\n4\\. Don't Repeat Yourself (DRY)\n-------------------------------\n\nDo not duplicate code or functionality across your backend. Duplication can lead to inconsistency and maintainability issues. Instead, focus on creating reusable components, functions or modules, which can be shared across different parts of the backend.\n\n5\\. Scalability\n---------------\n\nA scalable system is one that can efficiently handle an increasing number of users, requests, or data. Design the backend with scalability in mind, considering factors such as data storage, caching, load balancing, and horizontal scaling (adding more instances of the backend server).\n\n6\\. Security\n------------\n\nSecurity is a major concern when developing any application. Always follow best practices to prevent security flaws, such as protecting sensitive data, using secure communication protocols (e.g., HTTPS), implementing authentication and authorization mechanisms, and sanitizing user inputs.\n\n7\\. Testing\n-----------\n\nTesting is crucial for ensuring the reliability and stability of the backend. Implement a comprehensive testing strategy, including unit, integration, and performance tests. Use automated testing tools and set up continuous integration (CI) and continuous deployment (CD) pipelines to streamline the testing and deployment process.\n\n8\\. Documentation\n-----------------\n\nProper documentation helps developers understand and maintain the backend codebase. Write clear and concise documentation for your code, explaining the purpose, functionality, and how to use it. Additionally, use comments and appropriate naming conventions to make the code itself more readable and self-explanatory.\n\nBy following these design and development principles, you'll be well on your way to creating an efficient, secure, and maintainable backend for your applications.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "EwvLPSI6AlZ4TnNIJTZA4": {
+    "title": "Learn about APIs",
+    "description": "API is the acronym for Application Programming Interface, which is a software intermediary that allows two applications to talk to each other.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is an API?",
+        "url": "https://aws.amazon.com/what-is/api/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is an API?",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s7wmiS2mSXY",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "SiYUdtYMDImRPmV2_XPkH": {
+    "title": "Internet",
+    "description": "The Internet is a global network of computers connected to each other which communicate through a standardized set of protocols.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "How does the Internet Work?",
+        "url": "https://cs.fyi/guide/how-does-internet-work",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "The Internet Explained",
+        "url": "https://www.vox.com/2014/6/16/18076282/the-internet",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How Does the Internet Work?",
+        "url": "http://web.stanford.edu/class/msande91si/www-spr04/readings/week1/InternetWhitepaper.htm",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Introduction to Internet",
+        "url": "/guides/what-is-internet",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How does the Internet work?",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x3c1ih2NJEg",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How the Internet Works in 5 Minutes",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7_LPdttKXPc",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Computer Network | Google IT Support Certificate",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z_hU2zm4_S8",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "CWwh2abwqx4hAxpAGvhIx": {
+    "title": "Rust",
+    "description": "Rust is a modern systems programming language focusing on safety, speed, and concurrency. It accomplishes these goals by being memory safe without using garbage collection.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "The Rust Programming Language - online book",
+        "url": "https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Rust by Example - collection of runnable examples",
+        "url": "https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/rust-by-example/index.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Rust vs. Go: Why They’re Better Together",
+        "url": "https://thenewstack.io/rust-vs-go-why-theyre-better-together/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Rust by the Numbers: The Rust Programming Language in 2021",
+        "url": "https://thenewstack.io/rust-by-the-numbers-the-rust-programming-language-in-2021/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Rust",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/rust?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "l9Wrq_Ad9-Ju4NIB0m5Ha": {
+    "title": "PHP",
+    "description": "PHP is a general purpose scripting language often used for making dynamic and interactive Web pages. It was originally created by Danish-Canadian programmer Rasmus Lerdorf in 1994. The PHP reference implementation is now produced by The PHP Group and supported by PHP Foundation. PHP supports procedural and object-oriented styles of programming with some elements of functional programming as well.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "PHP Website",
+        "url": "https://php.net/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Learn PHP - W3Schools",
+        "url": "https://www.w3schools.com/php/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "PHP - The Right Way",
+        "url": "https://phptherightway.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about PHP",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/php?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "PHP for Beginners",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U2lQWR6uIuo&list=PL3VM-unCzF8ipG50KDjnzhugceoSG3RTC",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "PHP For Absolute Beginners",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2eebptXfEvw",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Full PHP 8 Tutorial - Learn PHP The Right Way In 2022",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sVbEyFZKgqk&list=PLr3d3QYzkw2xabQRUpcZ_IBk9W50M9pe-",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "BdXbcz4-ar3XOX0wIKzBp": {
+    "title": "Go",
+    "description": "Go is an open source programming language supported by Google. Go can be used to write cloud services, CLI tools, used for API development, and much more.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Visit Dedicated Go Roadmap",
+        "url": "/golang",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "A Tour of Go – Go Basics",
+        "url": "https://go.dev/tour/welcome/1",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Go Reference Documentation",
+        "url": "https://go.dev/doc/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Go by Example - annotated example programs",
+        "url": "https://gobyexample.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "W3Schools Go Tutorial ",
+        "url": "https://www.w3schools.com/go/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Making a RESTful JSON API in Go",
+        "url": "https://thenewstack.io/make-a-restful-json-api-go/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Go, the Programming Language of the Cloud",
+        "url": "https://thenewstack.io/go-the-programming-language-of-the-cloud/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Golang",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/golang?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Go Class by Matt",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLoILbKo9rG3skRCj37Kn5Zj803hhiuRK6",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "8-lO-v6jCYYoklEJXULxN": {
+    "title": "JavaScript",
+    "description": "Apart from being used in the browser, JavaScript is also used in backend e.g. using [Node.js](https://nodejs.org/) or [Deno](https://deno.land/) for writing server-side code in JavaScript.\n\nIf you pick up JavaScript for the Backend, my personal recommendation would be to learn [JavaScript](/javascript) and then go with [Node.js](/nodejs) as it is the most popular and widely used option. Also, I would recommend learning TypeScript later on as you continue with your backend development Journey; it's a superset of JavaScript and is used in many projects.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "You Dont Know JS Yet (book series) ",
+        "url": "https://github.com/getify/You-Dont-Know-JS",
+        "type": "opensource"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Visit Dedicated JavaScript Roadmap",
+        "url": "/javascript",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "W3Schools – JavaScript Tutorial",
+        "url": "https://www.w3schools.com/js/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "The Modern JavaScript Tutorial",
+        "url": "https://javascript.info/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Eloquent Javascript - Book",
+        "url": "https://eloquentjavascript.net/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Visit Dedicated Node.js Roadmap",
+        "url": "/nodejs",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Official JavaScript Documentation",
+        "url": "https://www.javascript.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about JavaScript",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/javascript?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "JavaScript Crash Course for Beginners",
+        "url": "https://youtu.be/hdI2bqOjy3c",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Node.js Crash Course",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fBNz5xF-Kx4",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Node.js Tutorial for Beginners",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TlB_eWDSMt4",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "ANeSwxJDJyQ-49pO2-CCI": {
+    "title": "Java",
+    "description": "Java is general-purpose language, primarily used for Internet-based applications. It was created in 1995 by James Gosling at Sun Microsystems and is one of the most popular options for backend developers.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Visit Dedicated Java Roadmap",
+        "url": "/java",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Java Website",
+        "url": "https://www.java.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "W3 Schools Tutorials",
+        "url": "https://www.w3schools.com/java/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Java",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/java?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Java Crash Course",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eIrMbAQSU34",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Complete Java course",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xk4_1vDrzzo",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "J_sVHsD72Yzyqb9KCIvAY": {
+    "title": "Python",
+    "description": "Python is a well known programming language which is both a strongly typed and a dynamically typed language. Being an interpreted language, code is executed as soon as it is written and the Python syntax allows for writing code in functional, procedural or object-oriented programmatic ways.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Visit Dedicated Python Roadmap",
+        "url": "/python",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Python Website",
+        "url": "https://www.python.org/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Python Getting Started",
+        "url": "https://www.python.org/about/gettingstarted/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Automate the Boring Stuff",
+        "url": "https://automatetheboringstuff.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Python principles - Python basics",
+        "url": "https://pythonprinciples.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "W3Schools - Python Tutorial ",
+        "url": "https://www.w3schools.com/python/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Python Crash Course",
+        "url": "https://ehmatthes.github.io/pcc/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "An Introduction to Python for Non-Programmers",
+        "url": "https://thenewstack.io/an-introduction-to-python-for-non-programmers/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Getting Started with Python and InfluxDB",
+        "url": "https://thenewstack.io/getting-started-with-python-and-influxdb/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Python",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/python?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Python for Beginners - Learn Python in 1 Hour",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kqtD5dpn9C8&ab_channel=ProgrammingwithMosh",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "rImbMHLLfJwjf3l25vBkc": {
+    "title": "C#",
+    "description": "C# (pronounced \"C sharp\") is a general purpose programming language made by Microsoft. It is used to perform different tasks and can be used to create web apps, games, mobile apps, etc.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "C# Learning Path",
+        "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/learn/paths/csharp-first-steps/?WT.mc_id=dotnet-35129-website",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "C# on W3 schools",
+        "url": "https://www.w3schools.com/cs/index.php",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Introduction to C#",
+        "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/shows/CSharp-101/?WT.mc_id=Educationalcsharp-c9-scottha",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about C#",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/c#?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "C# tutorials",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gfkTfcpWqAY&list=PLTjRvDozrdlz3_FPXwb6lX_HoGXa09Yef",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "SlH0Rl07yURDko2nDPfFy": {
+    "title": "Ruby",
+    "description": "Ruby is a high-level, interpreted programming language that blends Perl, Smalltalk, Eiffel, Ada, and Lisp. Ruby focuses on simplicity and productivity along with a syntax that reads and writes naturally. Ruby supports procedural, object-oriented and functional programming and is dynamically typed.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Ruby Website",
+        "url": "https://www.ruby-lang.org/en/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Learn Ruby in 20 minutes",
+        "url": "https://www.ruby-lang.org/en/documentation/quickstart/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Ruby, An Introduction to a Programmer’s Best Friend",
+        "url": "https://thenewstack.io/ruby-a-programmers-best-friend/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Ruby",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/ruby?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Ruby Comprehensive courses",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL_EzhIKp343lBMH4UuklrMRL_WkilGoXe",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "2f0ZO6GJElfZ2Eis28Hzg": {
+    "title": "Pick a Language",
+    "description": "Even if you’re a beginner the least you would have known is that Web Development is majorly classified into two facets: Frontend Development and Backend Development. And obviously, they both have their respective set of tools and technologies. For instance, when we talk about Frontend Development, there always comes 3 names first and foremost – HTML, CSS, and JavaScript.\n\nIn the same way, when it comes to Backend Web Development – we primarily require a backend (or you can say server-side) programming language to make the website function along with various other tools & technologies such as databases, frameworks, web servers, etc.\n\nPick a language from the given list and make sure to learn its quirks, core details about its runtime e.g. concurrency, memory model etc.\n\n[@article@ Top Languages for job ads](https://www.tiobe.com/tiobe-index/)",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "_I1E__wCIVrhjMk6IMieE": {
+    "title": "Git",
+    "description": "[Git](https://git-scm.com/) is a free and open source distributed version control system designed to handle everything from small to very large projects with speed and efficiency.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Introduction to Git",
+        "url": "https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/training/modules/intro-to-git/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Learn Git with Tutorials, News and Tips - Atlassian",
+        "url": "https://www.atlassian.com/git",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Git Cheat Sheet",
+        "url": "https://cs.fyi/guide/git-cheatsheet",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Learn Git Branching",
+        "url": "https://learngitbranching.js.org/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Git Tutorial",
+        "url": "https://www.w3schools.com/git/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Git",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/git?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Git & GitHub Crash Course For Beginners",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SWYqp7iY_Tc",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "ezdqQW9wTUw93F6kjOzku": {
+    "title": "Version Control Systems",
+    "description": "Version control/source control systems allow developers to track and control changes to code over time. These services often include the ability to make atomic revisions to code, branch/fork off of specific points, and to compare versions of code. They are useful in determining the who, what, when, and why code changes were made.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Git",
+        "url": "https://git-scm.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is Version Control?",
+        "url": "https://www.atlassian.com/git/tutorials/what-is-version-control",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "ptD8EVqwFUYr4W5A_tABY": {
+    "title": "GitHub",
+    "description": "GitHub is a provider of Internet hosting for software development and version control using Git. It offers the distributed version control and source code management functionality of Git, plus its own features.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "GitHub Website",
+        "url": "https://github.com",
+        "type": "opensource"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "GitHub Documentation",
+        "url": "https://docs.github.com/en/get-started/quickstart",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How to Use Git in a Professional Dev Team",
+        "url": "https://ooloo.io/project/github-flow",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Learn Git Branching",
+        "url": "https://learngitbranching.js.org/?locale=en_us",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about GitHub",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/github?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is GitHub?",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w3jLJU7DT5E",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Git vs. GitHub: Whats the difference?",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wpISo9TNjfU",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Git and GitHub for Beginners",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RGOj5yH7evk",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Git and GitHub - CS50 Beyond 2019",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eulnSXkhE7I",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "Ry_5Y-BK7HrkIc6X0JG1m": {
+    "title": "Bitbucket",
+    "description": "Bitbucket is a Git based hosting and source code repository service that is Atlassian's alternative to other products like GitHub, GitLab etc\n\nBitbucket offers hosting options via Bitbucket Cloud (Atlassian's servers), Bitbucket Server (customer's on-premise) or Bitbucket Data Centre (number of servers in customers on-premise or cloud environment)\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Bitbucket Website",
+        "url": "https://bitbucket.org/product",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Getting started with Bitbucket",
+        "url": "https://bitbucket.org/product/guides/basics/bitbucket-interface",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Using Git with Bitbucket Cloud",
+        "url": "https://www.atlassian.com/git/tutorials/learn-git-with-bitbucket-cloud",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "A brief overview of Bitbucket",
+        "url": "https://bitbucket.org/product/guides/getting-started/overview#a-brief-overview-of-bitbucket",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Bitbucket",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/bitbucket?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Bitbucket tutorial | How to use Bitbucket Cloud",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M44nEyd_5To",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Bitbucket Tutorial | Bitbucket for Beginners",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i5T-DB8tb4A",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "Wcp-VDdFHipwa7hNAp1z_": {
+    "title": "GitLab",
+    "description": "GitLab is a provider of internet hosting for software development and version control using Git. It offers the distributed version control and source code management functionality of Git, plus its own features.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "GitLab Website",
+        "url": "https://gitlab.com/",
+        "type": "opensource"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "GitLab Documentation",
+        "url": "https://docs.gitlab.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about GitLab",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/gitlab?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "NvUcSDWBhzJZ31nzT4UlE": {
+    "title": "Repo Hosting Services",
+    "description": "When working on a team, you often need a remote place to put your code so others can access it, create their own branches, and create or review pull requests. These services often include issue tracking, code review, and continuous integration features. A few popular choices are GitHub, GitLab, BitBucket, and AWS CodeCommit.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "GitHub",
+        "url": "https://github.com/features/",
+        "type": "opensource"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "GitLab",
+        "url": "https://about.gitlab.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "BitBucket",
+        "url": "https://bitbucket.org/product/guides/getting-started/overview",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How to choose the best source code repository",
+        "url": "https://blockandcapital.com/en/choose-code-repository/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "FihTrMO56kj9jT8O_pO2T": {
+    "title": "PostgreSQL",
+    "description": "PostgreSQL, also known as Postgres, is a free and open-source relational database management system emphasizing extensibility and SQL compliance.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Visit Dedicated PostgreSQL DBA Roadmap",
+        "url": "/postgresql-dba",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Official Website",
+        "url": "https://www.postgresql.org/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Learn PostgreSQL - Full Tutorial for Beginners",
+        "url": "https://www.postgresqltutorial.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about PostgreSQL",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/postgresql?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Learn PostgreSQL Tutorial - Full Course for Beginners",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qw--VYLpxG4",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Postgres tutorial for Beginners",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eMIxuk0nOkU",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "dEsTje8kfHwWjCI3zcgLC": {
+    "title": "MS SQL",
+    "description": "MS SQL (or Microsoft SQL Server) is the Microsoft developed relational database management system (RDBMS). MS SQL uses the T-SQL (Transact-SQL) query language to interact with the relational databases. There are many different versions and editions available of MS SQL\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "MS SQL website",
+        "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/en-ca/sql-server/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Tutorials for SQL Server",
+        "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/sql-server/tutorials-for-sql-server-2016?view=sql-server-ver15",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "SQL Server tutorial for beginners",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-EPMOaV7h_Q",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "VPxOdjJtKAqmM5V0LR5OC": {
+    "title": "MySQL",
+    "description": "MySQL is an incredibly popular open source relational database management system (RDBMS). MySQL can be used as a stand-alone client or in conjunction with other services to provide database connectivity. The **M** in LAMP stack stands for MySQL; that alone should provide an idea of its prevalence.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "MySQL website",
+        "url": "https://www.mysql.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "W3Schools - MySQL tutorial ",
+        "url": "https://www.w3schools.com/mySQl/default.asp",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "MySQL for Developers",
+        "url": "https://planetscale.com/courses/mysql-for-developers/introduction/course-introduction",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "MySQL Tutorial",
+        "url": "https://www.mysqltutorial.org/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about MySQL",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/mysql?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "MySQL tutorial for beginners",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7S_tz1z_5bA",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "h1SAjQltHtztSt8QmRgab": {
+    "title": "Oracle",
+    "description": "Oracle Database Server or sometimes called Oracle RDBMS or even simply Oracle is a world leading relational database management system produced by Oracle Corporation.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Official Website",
+        "url": "https://www.oracle.com/database/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Official Docs",
+        "url": "https://docs.oracle.com/en/database/index.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Oracle",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/oracle?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Oracle SQL Tutorial for Beginners",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ObbNGhcxXJA",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "tD3i-8gBpMKCHB-ITyDiU": {
+    "title": "MariaDB",
+    "description": "MariaDB server is a community developed fork of MySQL server. Started by core members of the original MySQL team, MariaDB actively works with outside developers to deliver the most featureful, stable, and sanely licensed open SQL server in the industry. MariaDB was created with the intention of being a more versatile, drop-in replacement version of MySQL\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "MariaDB website",
+        "url": "https://mariadb.org/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "MariaDB vs MySQL",
+        "url": "https://www.guru99.com/mariadb-vs-mysql.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "W3Schools - MariaDB tutorial ",
+        "url": "https://www.w3schools.blog/mariadb-tutorial",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Infrastructure",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/infrastructure?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "MariaDB Tutorial For Beginners in One Hour",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_AMj02sANpI",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "r45b461NxLN6wBODJ5CNP": {
+    "title": "Relational Databases",
+    "description": "A relational database is **a type of database that stores and provides access to data points that are related to one another**. Relational databases store data in a series of tables. Interconnections between the tables are specified as foreign keys. A foreign key is a unique reference from one row in a relational table to another row in a table, which can be the same table but is most commonly a different table.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Databases and SQL",
+        "url": "https://www.edx.org/course/databases-5-sql",
+        "type": "course"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Relational Databases",
+        "url": "https://www.ibm.com/cloud/learn/relational-databases",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "51 Years of Relational Databases",
+        "url": "https://learnsql.com/blog/codd-article-databases/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Intro To Relational Databases",
+        "url": "https://www.udacity.com/course/intro-to-relational-databases--ud197",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Backend Development",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/backend?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is Relational Database",
+        "url": "https://youtu.be/OqjJjpjDRLc",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "F8frGuv1dunOdcVJ_IiGs": {
+    "title": "NoSQL Databases",
+    "description": "NoSQL databases offer data storage and retrieval that is modelled differently to \"traditional\" relational databases. NoSQL databases typically focus more on horizontal scaling, eventual consistency, speed and flexibility and is used commonly for big data and real-time streaming applications. NoSQL is often described as a BASE system (**B**asically **A**vailable, **S**oft state, **E**ventual consistency) as opposed to SQL/relational which typically focus on ACID (Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability). Common NoSQL data structures include key-value pair, wide column, graph and document.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "NoSQL Explained",
+        "url": "https://www.mongodb.com/nosql-explained",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about NoSQL",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/nosql?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How do NoSQL Databases work",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0buKQHokLK8",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "SQL vs NoSQL Explained",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ruz-vK8IesE",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "Z7jp_Juj5PffSxV7UZcBb": {
+    "title": "ORMs",
+    "description": "Object-Relational Mapping (ORM) is a technique that lets you query and manipulate data from a database using an object-oriented paradigm. When talking about ORM, most people are referring to a library that implements the Object-Relational Mapping technique, hence the phrase \"an ORM\".\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Object Relational Mapping - Wikipedia",
+        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Object%E2%80%93relational_mapping",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is an ORM and how should I use it?",
+        "url": "https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1279613/what-is-an-orm-how-does-it-work-and-how-should-i-use-one",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is an ORM, how does it work, and how should I use one?",
+        "url": "https://stackoverflow.com/a/1279678",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Backend Development",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/backend?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "Ge2SnKBrQQrU-oGLz6TmT": {
+    "title": "Normalization",
+    "description": "Database normalization is the process of structuring a relational database in accordance with a series of so-called normal forms in order to reduce data redundancy and improve data integrity. It was first proposed by Edgar F. Codd as part of his relational model.\n\nNormalization entails organizing the columns (attributes) and tables (relations) of a database to ensure that their dependencies are properly enforced by database integrity constraints. It is accomplished by applying some formal rules either by a process of synthesis (creating a new database design) or decomposition (improving an existing database design).\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is Normalization in DBMS (SQL)? 1NF, 2NF, 3NF, BCNF Database with Example",
+        "url": "https://www.guru99.com/database-normalization.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Database normalization",
+        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Database_normalization",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Database",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/database?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Basic Concept of Database Normalization",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xoTyrdT9SZI",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "qSAdfaGUfn8mtmDjHJi3z": {
+    "title": "ACID",
+    "description": "ACID are the four properties of relational database systems that help in making sure that we are able to perform the transactions in a reliable manner. It's an acronym which refers to the presence of four properties: atomicity, consistency, isolation and durability\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is ACID Compliant Database?",
+        "url": "https://retool.com/blog/whats-an-acid-compliant-database/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is ACID Compliance?: Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation",
+        "url": "https://fauna.com/blog/what-is-acid-compliance-atomicity-consistency-isolation",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "ACID Explained: Atomic, Consistent, Isolated & Durable",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yaQ5YMWkxq4",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "GwApfL4Yx-b5Y8dB9Vy__": {
+    "title": "Failure Modes",
+    "description": "There are several different failure modes that can occur in a database, including:\n\n*   Read contention: This occurs when multiple clients or processes are trying to read data from the same location in the database at the same time, which can lead to delays or errors.\n*   Write contention: This occurs when multiple clients or processes are trying to write data to the same location in the database at the same time, which can lead to delays or errors.\n*   Thundering herd: This occurs when a large number of clients or processes try to access the same resource simultaneously, which can lead to resource exhaustion and reduced performance.\n*   Cascade: This occurs when a failure in one part of the database system causes a chain reaction that leads to failures in other parts of the system.\n*   Deadlock: This occurs when two or more transactions are waiting for each other to release a lock on a resource, leading to a standstill.\n*   Corruption: This occurs when data in the database becomes corrupted, which can lead to errors or unexpected results when reading or writing to the database.\n*   Hardware failure: This occurs when hardware components, such as disk drives or memory, fail, which can lead to data loss or corruption.\n*   Software failure: This occurs when software components, such as the database management system or application, fail, which can lead to errors or unexpected results.\n*   Network failure: This occurs when the network connection between the database and the client is lost, which can lead to errors or timeouts when trying to access the database.\n*   Denial of service (DoS) attack: This occurs when a malicious actor attempts to overwhelm the database with requests, leading to resource exhaustion and reduced performance.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "rq_y_OBMD9AH_4aoecvAi": {
+    "title": "Transactions",
+    "description": "In short, a database transaction is a sequence of multiple operations performed on a database, and all served as a single logical unit of work — taking place wholly or not at all. In other words, there's never a case where only half of the operations are performed and the results saved.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What are Transactions?",
+        "url": "https://fauna.com/blog/database-transaction",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "SYXJhanu0lFmGj2m2XXhS": {
+    "title": "Profiling Perfor.",
+    "description": "There are several ways to profile the performance of a database:\n\n*   Monitor system performance: You can use tools like the Windows Task Manager or the Unix/Linux top command to monitor the performance of your database server. These tools allow you to see the overall CPU, memory, and disk usage of the system, which can help identify any resource bottlenecks.\n*   Use database-specific tools: Most database management systems (DBMSs) have their own tools for monitoring performance. For example, Microsoft SQL Server has the SQL Server Management Studio (SSMS) and the sys.dm\\_os\\_wait\\_stats dynamic management view, while Oracle has the Oracle Enterprise Manager and the v$waitstat view. These tools allow you to see specific performance metrics, such as the amount of time spent waiting on locks or the number of physical reads and writes.\n*   Use third-party tools: There are also several third-party tools that can help you profile the performance of a database. Some examples include SolarWinds Database Performance Analyzer, Quest Software Foglight, and Redgate SQL Monitor. These tools often provide more in-depth performance analysis and can help you identify specific issues or bottlenecks.\n*   Analyze slow queries: If you have specific queries that are running slowly, you can use tools like EXPLAIN PLAN or SHOW PLAN in MySQL or SQL Server to see the execution plan for the query and identify any potential issues. You can also use tools like the MySQL slow query log or the SQL Server Profiler to capture slow queries and analyze them further.\n*   Monitor application performance: If you are experiencing performance issues with a specific application that is using the database, you can use tools like Application Insights or New Relic to monitor the performance of the application and identify any issues that may be related to the database.\n\nHave a look at the documentation for the database that you are using.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "bQnOAu863hsHdyNMNyJop": {
+    "title": "N+1 Problem",
+    "description": "The N+1 query problem happens when your code executes N additional query statements to fetch the same data that could have been retrieved when executing the primary query.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "In Detail Explanation of N+1 Problem",
+        "url": "https://medium.com/doctolib/understanding-and-fixing-n-1-query-30623109fe89",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is the N+1 Problem",
+        "url": "https://planetscale.com/blog/what-is-n-1-query-problem-and-how-to-solve-it",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Solving N+1 Problem: For Java Backend Developers",
+        "url": "https://dev.to/jackynote/solving-the-notorious-n1-problem-optimizing-database-queries-for-java-backend-developers-2o0p",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "LJt27onEOeIBomiEMTyKd": {
+    "title": "More about Databases",
+    "description": "A database is a collection of useful data of one or more related organizations structured in a way to make data an asset to the organization. A database management system is a software designed to assist in maintaining and extracting large collections of data in a timely fashion.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Oracle: What is a Database?",
+        "url": "https://www.oracle.com/database/what-is-database/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Prisma.io: What are Databases?",
+        "url": "https://www.prisma.io/dataguide/intro/what-are-databases",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Backend Development",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/backend?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "y-xkHFE9YzhNIX3EiWspL": {
+    "title": "Database Indexes",
+    "description": "An index is a data structure that you build and assign on top of an existing table that basically looks through your table and tries to analyze and summarize so that it can create shortcuts.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Database",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/database?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Database Indexing Explained",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-qNSXK7s7_w",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "zWstl08R4uzqve4BdYurp": {
+    "title": "Sharding Strategies",
+    "description": "Sharding strategy is a technique to split a large dataset into smaller chunks (logical shard) in which we distribute these chunks in different machines/database nodes in order to distribute the traffic load. It’s a good mechanism to improve the scalability of an application. Many databases support sharding, but not all.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Wikipedia - Sharding in Database Architectures",
+        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shard_(database_architecture)",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How sharding a database can make it faster",
+        "url": "https://stackoverflow.blog/2022/03/14/how-sharding-a-database-can-make-it-faster/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Backend Development",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/backend?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "wrl7HHWXOaxoKVlNZxZ6d": {
+    "title": "Data Replication",
+    "description": "Data replication is the process by which data residing on a physical/virtual server(s) or cloud instance (primary instance) is continuously replicated or copied to a secondary server(s) or cloud instance (standby instance). Organizations replicate data to support high availability, backup, and/or disaster recovery.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is Data Replication?",
+        "url": "https://youtu.be/fUrKt-AQYtE",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "LAdKDJ4LcMaDWqslMvE8X": {
+    "title": "CAP Theorem",
+    "description": "CAP is an acronym that stands for Consistency, Availability and Partition Tolerance. According to CAP theorem, any distributed system can only guarantee two of the three properties at any point of time. You can't guarantee all three properties at once.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is CAP Theorem?",
+        "url": "https://www.bmc.com/blogs/cap-theorem/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "CAP Theorem - Wikipedia",
+        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAP_theorem",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "An Illustrated Proof of the CAP Theorem",
+        "url": "https://mwhittaker.github.io/blog/an_illustrated_proof_of_the_cap_theorem/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "CAP Theorem and its applications in NoSQL Databases",
+        "url": "https://www.ibm.com/uk-en/cloud/learn/cap-theorem",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is CAP Theorem?",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_RbsFXWRZ10",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "95d9itpUZ4s9roZN8kG9x": {
+    "title": "Scaling Databases",
+    "description": "Scaling databases is the process of adapting them to handle more data and users efficiently. It's achieved by either upgrading existing hardware (vertical scaling) or adding more servers (horizontal scaling). Techniques like sharding and replication are key. This ensures databases continue to be a robust asset as they grow.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "MongoDB: Database Scaling Basics",
+        "url": "https://www.mongodb.com/basics/scaling",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Backend Development",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/backend?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "dLY0KafPstajCcSbslC4M": {
+    "title": "HATEOAS",
+    "description": "HATEOAS is an acronym for **H**ypermedia **A**s **T**he **E**ngine **O**f **A**pplication **S**tate, it's the concept that when sending information over a RESTful API the document received should contain everything the client needs in order to parse and use the data i.e they don't have to contact any other endpoint not explicitly mentioned within the Document.",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is HATEOAS and why is it important for my REST API?",
+        "url": "https://restcookbook.com/Basics/hateoas/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "sNceS4MpSIjRkWhNDmrFg": {
+    "title": "JSON APIs",
+    "description": "JSON or JavaScript Object Notation is an encoding scheme that is designed to eliminate the need for an ad-hoc code for each application to communicate with servers that communicate in a defined way. JSON API module exposes an implementation for data stores and data structures, such as entity types, bundles, and fields.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Official Website",
+        "url": "https://jsonapi.org/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Official Docs",
+        "url": "https://jsonapi.org/implementations/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "JSON API: Explained in 4 minutes ",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N-4prIh7t38",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "9cD5ag1L0GqHx4_zxc5JX": {
+    "title": "Open API Specs",
+    "description": "The OpenAPI Specification (OAS) defines a standard, language-agnostic interface to RESTful APIs which allows both humans and computers to discover and understand the capabilities of the service without access to source code, documentation, or through network traffic inspection. When properly defined, a consumer can understand and interact with the remote service with a minimal amount of implementation logic.\n\nAn OpenAPI definition can then be used by documentation generation tools to display the API, code generation tools to generate servers and clients in various programming languages, testing tools, and many other use cases.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "OpenAPI Specification Website",
+        "url": "https://swagger.io/specification/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Open API Live Editor",
+        "url": "https://swagger.io/tools/swagger-editor/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Official training guide",
+        "url": "https://swagger.io/docs/specification/about/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "OpenAPI 3.0: How to Design and Document APIs with the Latest OpenAPI Specification 3.0",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6kwmW_p_Tig",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "sSNf93azjuyMzQqIHE0Rh": {
+    "title": "SOAP",
+    "description": "Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) is a message protocol for exchanging information between systems and applications. When it comes to application programming interfaces (APIs), a SOAP API is developed in a more structured and formalized way. SOAP messages can be carried over a variety of lower-level protocols, including the web-related Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP).\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "w3school SOAP explanation",
+        "url": "https://www.w3schools.com/xml/xml_soap.asp",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "J-TOE2lT4At1mSdNoxPS1": {
+    "title": "gRPC",
+    "description": "gRPC is a high-performance, open source universal RPC framework\n\nRPC stands for Remote Procedure Call, there's an ongoing debate on what the g stands for. RPC is a protocol that allows a program to execute a procedure of another program located on another computer. The great advantage is that the developer doesn’t need to code the details of the remote interaction. The remote procedure is called like any other function. But the client and the server can be coded in different languages.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "gRPC Website",
+        "url": "https://grpc.io/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "gRPC Docs",
+        "url": "https://grpc.io/docs/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What Is GRPC?",
+        "url": "https://www.wallarm.com/what/the-concept-of-grpc",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about gRPC",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/grpc?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What Is GRPC?",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hVrwuMnCtok",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "lfNFDZZNdrB0lbEaMtU71": {
+    "title": "REST",
+    "description": "REST, or REpresentational State Transfer, is an architectural style for providing standards between computer systems on the web, making it easier for systems to communicate with each other.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "REST Fundamental",
+        "url": "https://dev.to/cassiocappellari/fundamentals-of-rest-api-2nag",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is a REST API?",
+        "url": "https://www.redhat.com/en/topics/api/what-is-a-rest-api",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Roy Fieldings dissertation chapter, Representational State Transfer (REST)",
+        "url": "https://www.ics.uci.edu/~fielding/pubs/dissertation/rest_arch_style.htm",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Learn REST: A RESTful Tutorial",
+        "url": "https://restapitutorial.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about REST API",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/rest-api?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "zp3bq38tMnutT2N0tktOW": {
+    "title": "GraphQL",
+    "description": "GraphQL is a query language and runtime system for APIs (application programming interfaces). It is designed to provide a flexible and efficient way for clients to request data from servers, and it is often used as an alternative to REST (representational state transfer) APIs.\n\nOne of the main features of GraphQL is its ability to specify exactly the data that is needed, rather than receiving a fixed set of data from an endpoint. This allows clients to request only the data that they need, and it reduces the amount of data that needs to be transferred over the network.\n\nGraphQL also provides a way to define the structure of the data that is returned from the server, allowing clients to request data in a predictable and flexible way. This makes it easier to build and maintain client applications that depend on data from the server.\n\nGraphQL is widely used in modern web and mobile applications, and it is supported by a large and active developer community.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "GraphQL Official Website",
+        "url": "https://graphql.org/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about GraphQL",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/graphql?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "KWTbEVX_WxS8jmSaAX3Fe": {
+    "title": "Client Side",
+    "description": "Client-side caching is the storage of network data to a local cache for future re-use. After an application fetches network data, it stores that resource in a local cache. Once a resource has been cached, the browser uses the cache on future requests for that resource to boost performance.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Everything you need to know about HTTP Caching",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HiBDZgTNpXY",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "Nq2BO53bHJdFT1rGZPjYx": {
+    "title": "CDN",
+    "description": "A Content Delivery Network (CDN) service aims to provide high availability and performance improvements of websites. This is achieved with fast delivery of website assets and content typically via geographically closer endpoints to the client requests. Traditional commercial CDNs (Amazon CloudFront, Akamai, CloudFlare and Fastly) provide servers across the globe which can be used for this purpose. Serving assets and contents via a CDN reduces bandwidth on website hosting, provides an extra layer of caching to reduce potential outages and can improve website security as well\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "CloudFlare - What is a CDN? | How do CDNs work?",
+        "url": "https://www.cloudflare.com/en-ca/learning/cdn/what-is-a-cdn/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Wikipedia - Content Delivery Network",
+        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Content_delivery_network",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is Cloud CDN?",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=841kyd_mfH0",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is a Content Delivery Network (CDN)?",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bsq5cKkS33I",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "z1-eP4sV75GBEIdM4NvL9": {
+    "title": "Server Side",
+    "description": "Server-side caching temporarily stores web files and data on the origin server to reuse later.\n\nWhen the user first requests for the webpage, the website goes under the normal process of retrieving data from the server and generates or constructs the webpage of the website. After the request has happened and the response has been sent back, the server copies the webpage and stores it as a cache.\n\nNext time the user revisits the website, it loads the already saved or cached copy of the webpage, thus making it faster.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Server-side caching and Client-side caching",
+        "url": "https://www.codingninjas.com/codestudio/library/server-side-caching-and-client-side-caching",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Caching strategies",
+        "url": "https://medium.com/@genchilu/cache-strategy-in-backend-d0baaacd2d79",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Local vs distributed",
+        "url": "https://redis.io/glossary/distributed-caching/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Example - Hibernate caching",
+        "url": "https://medium.com/@himani.prasad016/caching-in-hibernate-3ad4f479fcc0",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Web Development",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/webdev?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "ELj8af7Mi38kUbaPJfCUR": {
+    "title": "Caching",
+    "description": "Caching is a technique of storing frequently used data or results of complex computations in a local memory, for a certain period. So, next time, when the client requests the same information, instead of retrieving the information from the database, it will give the information from the local memory. The main advantage of caching is that it improves performance by reducing the processing burden.\n\nNB! Caching is a complicated topic that has obvious benefits but can lead to pitfalls like stale data, cache invalidation, distributed caching etc",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "RBrIP5KbVQ2F0ly7kMfTo": {
+    "title": "Web Security",
+    "description": "Web security refers to the protective measures taken by the developers to protect the web applications from threats that could affect the business.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "OWASP Web Application Security Testing Checklist",
+        "url": "https://github.com/0xRadi/OWASP-Web-Checklist",
+        "type": "opensource"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Why HTTPS Matters",
+        "url": "https://developers.google.com/web/fundamentals/security/encrypt-in-transit/why-https",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Wikipedia - OWASP",
+        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OWASP",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "OWASP Top 10 Security Risks",
+        "url": "https://sucuri.net/guides/owasp-top-10-security-vulnerabilities-2021/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "OWASP Cheatsheets",
+        "url": "https://cheatsheetseries.owasp.org/cheatsheets/AJAX_Security_Cheat_Sheet.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Content Security Policy (CSP)",
+        "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/CSP",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Security",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/security?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "381Kw1IMRv7CJp-Uf--qd": {
+    "title": "Integration Testing",
+    "description": "Integration testing is a broad category of tests where multiple software modules are **integrated** and tested as a group. It is meant to test the **interaction** between multiple services, resources, or modules. For example, an API's interaction with a backend service, or a service with a database.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Integration Testing",
+        "url": "https://www.guru99.com/integration-testing.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How to Integrate and Test Your Tech Stack",
+        "url": "https://thenewstack.io/how-to-integrate-and-test-your-tech-stack/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Testing",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/testing?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is Integration Testing?",
+        "url": "https://youtu.be/QYCaaNz8emY",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "NAGisfq2CgeK3SsuRjnMw": {
+    "title": "Functional Testing",
+    "description": "Functional testing is where software is tested to ensure functional requirements are met. Usually, it is a form of black box testing in which the tester has no understanding of the source code; testing is performed by providing input and comparing expected/actual output. It contrasts with non-functional testing, which includes performance, load, scalability, and penetration testing.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is Functional Testing?",
+        "url": "https://www.guru99.com/functional-testing.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Testing",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/testing?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Functional Testing vs Non-Functional Testing",
+        "url": "https://youtu.be/j_79AXkG4PY",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "3OYm6b9f6WOrKi4KTOZYK": {
+    "title": "Unit Testing",
+    "description": "Unit testing is where individual **units** (modules, functions/methods, routines, etc.) of software are tested to ensure their correctness. This low-level testing ensures smaller components are functionally sound while taking the burden off of higher-level tests. Generally, a developer writes these tests during the development process and they are run as automated tests.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Unit Testing Tutorial",
+        "url": "https://www.guru99.com/unit-testing-guide.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Testing",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/testing?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is Unit Testing?",
+        "url": "https://youtu.be/3kzHmaeozDI",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "STQQbPa7PE3gbjMdL6P-t": {
+    "title": "Testing",
+    "description": "A key to building software that meets requirements without defects is testing. Software testing helps developers know they are building the right software. When tests are run as part of the development process (often with continuous integration tools), they build confidence and prevent regressions in the code.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is Software Testing?",
+        "url": "https://www.guru99.com/software-testing-introduction-importance.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Testing Pyramid",
+        "url": "https://www.browserstack.com/guide/testing-pyramid-for-test-automation",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Testing",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/testing?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "mGfD7HfuP184lFkXZzGjG": {
+    "title": "CI / CD",
+    "description": "CI/CD (Continuous Integration/Continuous Deployment) is the practice of automating building, testing, and deployment of applications with the main goal of detecting issues early, and provide quicker releases to the production environment.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is CI/CD?",
+        "url": "https://about.gitlab.com/topics/ci-cd/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "A Primer: Continuous Integration and Continuous Delivery (CI/CD)",
+        "url": "https://thenewstack.io/a-primer-continuous-integration-and-continuous-delivery-ci-cd/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "3 Ways to Use Automation in CI/CD Pipelines",
+        "url": "https://thenewstack.io/3-ways-to-use-automation-in-ci-cd-pipelines/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Articles about CI/CD",
+        "url": "https://thenewstack.io/category/ci-cd/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about CI/CD",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/cicd?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "DevOps CI/CD Explained in 100 Seconds by Fireship",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=scEDHsr3APg",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Automate your Workflows with GitHub Actions",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nyKZTKQS_EQ",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "6XIWO0MoE-ySl4qh_ihXa": {
+    "title": "GOF Design Patterns",
+    "description": "The Gang of Four (GoF) design patterns are a set of design patterns for object-oriented software development that were first described in the book \"Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable Object-Oriented Software\" by Erich Gamma, Richard Helm, Ralph Johnson, and John Vlissides (also known as the Gang of Four).\n\nThe GoF design patterns are divided into three categories: Creational, Structural and Behavioral.\n\n*   Creational Patterns\n*   Structural Patterns\n*   Behavioral Patterns\n\nLearn more from the following links:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Gangs of Four (GoF) Design Patterns",
+        "url": "https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/gangs-of-four-gof-design-patterns",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Tutorial - Builder Pattern (Gang of Four Design Patterns Series)",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_sa2WlAFWQos",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "u8IRw5PuXGUcmxA0YYXgx": {
+    "title": "CQRS",
+    "description": "CQRS, or command query responsibility segregation, defines an architectural pattern where the main focus is to separate the approach of reading and writing operations for a data store. CQRS can also be used along with Event Sourcing pattern in order to persist application state as an ordered of sequence events, making it possible to restore data to any point in time.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "CQRS Pattern",
+        "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/architecture/patterns/cqrs",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "BvHi5obg0L1JDZFKBzx9t": {
+    "title": "Domain Driven Design",
+    "description": "Domain-driven design (DDD) is a software design approach focusing on modeling software to match a domain according to input from that domain's experts.\n\nIn terms of object-oriented programming, it means that the structure and language of software code (class names, class methods, class variables) should match the business domain. For example, if a software processes loan applications, it might have classes like LoanApplication and Customer, and methods such as AcceptOffer and Withdraw.\n\nDDD connects the implementation to an evolving model and it is predicated on the following goals:\n\n*   Placing the project's primary focus on the core domain and domain logic;\n*   Basing complex designs on a model of the domain;\n*   Initiating a creative collaboration between technical and domain experts to iteratively refine a conceptual model that addresses particular domain problems.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Domain-Driven Design",
+        "url": "https://redis.com/glossary/domain-driven-design-ddd/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Domain-Driven Design: Tackling Complexity in the Heart of Software",
+        "url": "https://www.amazon.com/Domain-Driven-Design-Tackling-Complexity-Software/dp/0321125215",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Domain-Driven Design",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/domain-driven-design?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "wqE-mkxvehOzOv8UyE39p": {
+    "title": "Event Sourcing",
+    "description": "Event sourcing is a design pattern in which the state of a system is represented as a sequence of events that have occurred over time. In an event-sourced system, changes to the state of the system are recorded as events and stored in an event store. The current state of the system is derived by replaying the events from the event store.\n\nOne of the main benefits of event sourcing is that it provides a clear and auditable history of all the changes that have occurred in the system. This can be useful for debugging and for tracking the evolution of the system over time.\n\nEvent sourcing is often used in conjunction with other patterns, such as Command Query Responsibility Segregation (CQRS) and domain-driven design, to build scalable and responsive systems with complex business logic. It is also useful for building systems that need to support undo/redo functionality or that need to integrate with external systems.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Event Sourcing - Martin Fowler",
+        "url": "https://martinfowler.com/eaaDev/EventSourcing.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Architecture",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/architecture?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "I-PUAE2AzbEaUkW9vMaUM": {
+    "title": "Test Driven Development",
+    "description": "Test driven development (TDD) is the process of writing tests for software's requirements which will fail until the software is developed to meet those requirements. Once those tests pass, then the cycle repeats to refactor code or develop another feature/requirement. In theory, this ensures that software is written to meet requirements in the simplest form, and avoids code defects.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is Test Driven Development (TDD)?",
+        "url": "https://www.guru99.com/test-driven-development.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Test-driven development",
+        "url": "https://www.ibm.com/garage/method/practices/code/practice_test_driven_development/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about TDD",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/tdd?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Agile in Practice: Test Driven Development",
+        "url": "https://youtu.be/uGaNkTahrIw",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "Ke522R-4k6TDeiDRyZbbU": {
+    "title": "Monolithic Apps",
+    "description": "Monolithic architecture is a pattern in which an application handles requests, executes business logic, interacts with the database, and creates the HTML for the front end. In simpler terms, this one application does many things. It's inner components are highly coupled and deployed as one unit.\n\nIt is recommended to build simple applications as a monolith for faster development cycle. Also suitable for Proof-of-Concept(PoC) projects.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Pattern: Monolithic Architecture",
+        "url": "https://microservices.io/patterns/monolithic.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Monolithic Architecture - Advantages & Disadvantages",
+        "url": "https://datamify.medium.com/monolithic-architecture-advantages-and-disadvantages-e71a603eec89",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "nkmIv3dNwre4yrULMgTh3": {
+    "title": "Serverless",
+    "description": "Serverless is an architecture in which a developer builds and runs applications without provisioning or managing servers. With cloud computing/serverless, servers exist but are managed by the cloud provider. Resources are used as they are needed, on demand and often using auto scaling.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Serverless",
+        "url": "https://www.ibm.com/cloud/learn/serverless",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "AWS Services",
+        "url": "https://aws.amazon.com/serverless/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Serverless",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/serverless?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Serverless Computing in 100 Seconds",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W_VV2Fx32_Y&ab_channel=Fireship",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "K55h3aqOGe6-hgVhiFisT": {
+    "title": "Microservices",
+    "description": "Microservice architecture is a pattern in which highly cohesive, loosely coupled services are separately developed, maintained, and deployed. Each component handles an individual function, and when combined, the application handles an overall business function.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Pattern: Microservice Architecture",
+        "url": "https://microservices.io/patterns/microservices.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is Microservices?",
+        "url": "https://smartbear.com/solutions/microservices/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Microservices 101",
+        "url": "https://thenewstack.io/microservices-101/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Primer: Microservices Explained",
+        "url": "https://thenewstack.io/primer-microservices-explained/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Articles about Microservices",
+        "url": "https://thenewstack.io/category/microservices/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Microservices",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/microservices?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "n14b7sfTOwsjKTpFC9EZ2": {
+    "title": "Service Mesh",
+    "description": "A service mesh is an architectural pattern for enhancing communication, security, and management between microservices in a distributed network. It employs a collection of intelligent proxies to manage service-to-service communication, ensuring high availability, efficient load balancing, and robust service discovery. Additionally, a service mesh offers advanced features like observability for monitoring network behavior, and various traffic management capabilities.\n\nIn a typical service mesh setup, each microservice is paired with a proxy. This proxy, often deployed using a sidecar pattern, is responsible not only for handling communication to and from its associated microservice but also for implementing various network functionalities. These functionalities include load balancing, intelligent routing, and ensuring secure data transfer.\n\nThe sidecar pattern, integral to service meshes, involves deploying the proxy as a sidecar container alongside the main microservice container, especially in Kubernetes environments. This design allows the service mesh to function independently from the microservices themselves, simplifying management and updates.\n\nPopular service mesh implementations include Istio and Linkerd, which offer robust solutions tailored to modern, cloud-based application architectures.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is a Service Mesh (AWS blog)?",
+        "url": "https://aws.amazon.com/what-is/service-mesh/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is a Service Mesh (RedHat blog)?",
+        "url": "https://www.redhat.com/en/topics/microservices/what-is-a-service-mesh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Service Mesh",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/service-mesh?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Microservices pain points and how service mesh can help solve those issues",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QiXK0B9FhO0",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "tObmzWpjsJtK4GWhx6pwB": {
+    "title": "SOA",
+    "description": "SOA, or service-oriented architecture, defines a way to make software components reusable via service interfaces. These interfaces utilize common communication standards in such a way that they can be rapidly incorporated into new applications without having to perform deep integration each time.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is SOA?",
+        "url": "https://aws.amazon.com/what-is/service-oriented-architecture/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Reference Architecture Foundation for Service Oriented Architecture",
+        "url": "http://docs.oasis-open.org/soa-rm/soa-ra/v1.0/soa-ra.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Architecture",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/architecture?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "8DmabQJXlrT__COZrDVTV": {
+    "title": "Twelve Factor Apps",
+    "description": "The Twelve-Factor App is a methodology for building scalable and maintainable software-as-a-service (SaaS) applications. It is based on a set of best practices that were identified by the authors of the methodology as being essential for building modern, cloud-native applications.\n\nThe Twelve-Factor App methodology consists of the following principles:\n\n*   Codebase: There should be a single codebase for the application, with multiple deployments.\n*   Dependencies: The application should explicitly declare and isolate its dependencies.\n*   Config: The application should store configuration in the environment.\n*   Backing services: The application should treat backing services as attached resources.\n*   Build, release, run: The application should be built, released, and run as an isolated unit.\n*   Processes: The application should be executed as one or more stateless processes.\n*   Port binding: The application should expose its services through port binding.\n*   Concurrency: The application should scale out by adding more processes, not by adding threads.\n*   Disposability: The application should be designed to start and stop quickly.\n*   Dev/prod parity: The development, staging, and production environments should be as similar as possible.\n*   Logs: The application should treat logs as event streams.\n*   Admin processes: The application should run admin/maintenance tasks as one-off processes.\n\nThe Twelve-Factor App methodology is widely adopted by developers of SaaS applications, and it is seen as a best practice for building cloud-native applications that are scalable, maintainable, and easy to deploy.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "The Twelve-Factor App",
+        "url": "https://12factor.net/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "tHiUpG9LN35E5RaHddMv5": {
+    "title": "Architectural Patterns",
+    "description": "An architectural pattern is a general, reusable solution to a commonly occurring problem in software architecture within a given context. The architectural patterns address various issues in software engineering, such as computer hardware performance limitations, high availability and minimization of a business risk.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "14 Architectural Patterns to know",
+        "url": "https://www.redhat.com/architect/14-software-architecture-patterns",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Architectural Patterns in a nutshell",
+        "url": "https://towardsdatascience.com/10-common-software-architectural-patterns-in-a-nutshell-a0b47a1e9013",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "GPFRMcY1DEtRgnaZwJ3vW": {
+    "title": "RabbitMQ",
+    "description": "With tens of thousands of users, RabbitMQ is one of the most popular open-source message brokers. RabbitMQ is lightweight and easy to deploy on-premises and in the cloud. It supports multiple messaging protocols. RabbitMQ can be deployed in distributed and federated configurations to meet high-scale, high-availability requirements.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "RabbitMQ Tutorials",
+        "url": "https://www.rabbitmq.com/getstarted.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about RabbitMQ",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/rabbitmq?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "RabbitMQ Tutorial - Message Queues and Distributed Systems",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nFxjaVmFj5E",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "VoYSis1F1ZfTxMlQlXQKB": {
+    "title": "Kafka",
+    "description": "Apache Kafka is an open-source distributed event streaming platform used by thousands of companies for high-performance data pipelines, streaming analytics, data integration, and mission-critical applications.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Apache Kafka quickstart",
+        "url": "https://kafka.apache.org/quickstart",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Kafka",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/kafka?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Apache Kafka Fundamentals",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B5j3uNBH8X4",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "nJ5FpFgGCRaALcWmAKBKT": {
+    "title": "Message Brokers",
+    "description": "Message brokers are an inter-application communication technology to help build a common integration mechanism to support cloud-native, microservices-based, serverless, and hybrid cloud architectures. Two of the most famous message brokers are `RabbitMQ` and `Apache Kafka`\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Introduction to Message Brokers",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=57Qr9tk6Uxc",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "31ZlpfIPr9-5vYZqvjUeL": {
+    "title": "LXC",
+    "description": "LXC is an abbreviation used for Linux Containers which is an operating system that is used for running multiple Linux systems virtually on a controlled host via a single Linux kernel. LXC is a userspace interface for the Linux kernel containment features. Through a powerful API and simple tools, it lets Linux users easily create and manage system or application containers.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "LXC Documentation",
+        "url": "https://linuxcontainers.org/lxc/documentation/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is LXC?",
+        "url": "https://linuxcontainers.org/lxc/introduction/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Linux Container (LXC) Introduction",
+        "url": "https://youtu.be/_KnmRdK69qM",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Getting started with LXC containers",
+        "url": "https://youtu.be/CWmkSj_B-wo",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "SGVwJme-jT_pbOTvems0v": {
+    "title": "Containerization vs Virtualization",
+    "description": "Containers and virtual machines are the two most popular approaches to setting up a software infrastructure for your organization.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Containerization vs. Virtualization: Everything you need to know",
+        "url": "https://middleware.io/blog/containerization-vs-virtualization/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Containers",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/containers?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Containerization or Virtualization - The Differences ",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1WnDHitznGY",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "sVuIdAe08IWJVqAt4z-ag": {
+    "title": "WebSockets",
+    "description": "Web sockets are defined as a two-way communication between the servers and the clients, which mean both the parties, communicate and exchange data at the same time. This protocol defines a full duplex communication from the ground up. Web sockets take a step forward in bringing desktop rich functionalities to the web browsers.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Introduction to WebSockets",
+        "url": "https://www.tutorialspoint.com/websockets/index.htm",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Socket.io Library Bidirectional and low-latency communication for every platform",
+        "url": "https://socket.io/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "A Beginners Guide to WebSockets",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8ARodQ4Wlf4",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "RUSdlokJUcEYbCvq5FJBJ": {
+    "title": "Server Sent Events",
+    "description": "Server-Sent Events (SSE) is a technology that allows a web server to push data to a client in real-time. It uses an HTTP connection to send a stream of data from the server to the client, and the client can listen for these events and take action when they are received.\n\nSSE is useful for applications that require real-time updates, such as chat systems, stock tickers, and social media feeds. It is a simple and efficient way to establish a long-lived connection between a client and a server, and it is supported by most modern web browsers.\n\nTo use SSE, the client must create an EventSource object and specify the URL of the server-side script that will send the events. The server can then send events by writing them to the response stream with the proper formatting.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Server-Sent Events - MDN",
+        "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Server-sent_events",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "z5AdThp9ByulmM9uekgm-": {
+    "title": "Nginx",
+    "description": "NGINX is a powerful web server and uses a non-threaded, event-driven architecture that enables it to outperform Apache if configured correctly. It can also do other important things, such as load balancing, HTTP caching, or be used as a reverse proxy.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Official Website",
+        "url": "https://nginx.org/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Nginx",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/nginx?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "NGINX Explained in 100 Seconds",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JKxlsvZXG7c",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "Op-PSPNoyj6Ss9CS09AXh": {
+    "title": "Caddy",
+    "description": "The Caddy web server is an extensible, cross-platform, open-source web server written in Go. It has some really nice features like automatic SSL/HTTPs and a really easy configuration file.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Official Website",
+        "url": "https://caddyserver.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Getting started with Caddy the HTTPS Web Server from scratch",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t4naLFSlBpQ",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "jjjonHTHHo-NiAf6p9xPv": {
+    "title": "Apache",
+    "description": "Apache is a free, open-source HTTP server, available on many operating systems, but mainly used on Linux distributions. It is one of the most popular options for web developers, as it accounts for over 30% of all the websites, as estimated by W3Techs.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Apache Server Website",
+        "url": "https://httpd.apache.org/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Apache",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/apache?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is Apache Web Server?",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kaaenHXO4t4",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "0NJDgfe6eMa7qPUOI6Eya": {
+    "title": "MS IIS",
+    "description": "Internet Information Services (IIS) for Windows® Server is a flexible, secure and manageable Web server for hosting anything on the Web.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Official Website",
+        "url": "https://www.iis.net/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about .NET",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/.net?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Learn Windows Web Server IIS",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1VdxPWwtISA",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "fekyMpEnaGqjh1Cu4Nyc4": {
+    "title": "Web Servers",
+    "description": "Web servers can be either hardware or software, or perhaps a combination of the two.\n\n### Hardware Side:\n\nA hardware web server is a computer that houses web server software and the files that make up a website (for example, HTML documents, images, CSS stylesheets, and JavaScript files). A web server establishes a connection to the Internet and facilitates the physical data exchange with other web-connected devices.\n\n### Software side:\n\nA software web server has a number of software components that regulate how hosted files are accessed by online users. This is at the very least an HTTP server. Software that knows and understands HTTP and URLs (web addresses) is known as an HTTP server (the protocol your browser uses to view webpages). The content of these hosted websites is sent to the end user's device through an HTTP server, which may be accessed via the domain names of the websites it holds.\n\nBasically, an HTTP request is made by a browser anytime it wants a file that is stored on a web server. The relevant (hardware) web server receives the request, which is then accepted by the appropriate (software) HTTP server, which then locates the requested content and returns it to the browser over HTTP. (If the server cannot locate the requested page, it responds with a 404 error.)\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is a Web Server ",
+        "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn/Common_questions/What_is_a_web_server",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Web Server Concepts and Examples",
+        "url": "https://youtu.be/9J1nJOivdyw",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "SHmbcMRsc3SygEDksJQBD": {
+    "title": "Building For Scale",
+    "description": "Speaking in general terms, scalability is the ability of a system to handle a growing amount of work by adding resources to it.\n\nA software that was conceived with a scalable architecture in mind, is a system that will support higher workloads without any fundamental changes to it, but don't be fooled, this isn't magic. You'll only get so far with smart thinking without adding more sources to it.\n\nFor a system to be scalable, there are certain things you must pay attention to, like:\n\n*   Coupling\n*   Observability\n*   Evolvability\n*   Infrastructure\n\nWhen you think about the infrastructure of a scalable system, you have two main ways of building it: using on-premises resources or leveraging all the tools a cloud provider can give you.\n\nThe main difference between on-premises and cloud resources will be FLEXIBILITY, on cloud providers you don't really need to plan ahead, you can upgrade your infrastructure with a couple of clicks, while with on-premises resources you will need a certain level of planning.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Scalable Architecture: A Definition and How-To Guide",
+        "url": "https://www.sentinelone.com/blog/scalable-architecture/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Scaling Distributed Systems - Software Architecture Introduction",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gxfERVP18-g",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "g8GjkJAhvnSxXTZks0V1g": {
+    "title": "Redis",
+    "description": "Redis is an open source (BSD licensed), in-memory **data structure store** used as a database, cache, message broker, and streaming engine. Redis provides data structures such as [strings](https://redis.io/topics/data-types-intro#strings), [hashes](https://redis.io/topics/data-types-intro#hashes), [lists](https://redis.io/topics/data-types-intro#lists), [sets](https://redis.io/topics/data-types-intro#sets), [sorted sets](https://redis.io/topics/data-types-intro#sorted-sets) with range queries, [bitmaps](https://redis.io/topics/data-types-intro#bitmaps), [hyperloglogs](https://redis.io/topics/data-types-intro#hyperloglogs), [geospatial indexes](https://redis.io/commands/geoadd), and [streams](https://redis.io/topics/streams-intro). Redis has built-in [replication](https://redis.io/topics/replication), [Lua scripting](https://redis.io/commands/eval), [LRU eviction](https://redis.io/topics/lru-cache), [transactions](https://redis.io/topics/transactions), and different levels of [on-disk persistence](https://redis.io/topics/persistence), and provides high availability via [Redis Sentinel](https://redis.io/topics/sentinel) and automatic partitioning with [Redis Cluster](https://redis.io/topics/cluster-tutorial).\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Redis Website",
+        "url": "https://redis.io/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Redis",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/redis?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Redis in 100 Seconds",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G1rOthIU-uo",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "xPvVwGQw28uMeLYIWn8yn": {
+    "title": "Memcached",
+    "description": "Memcached (pronounced variously mem-cash-dee or mem-cashed) is a general-purpose distributed memory-caching system. It is often used to speed up dynamic database-driven websites by caching data and objects in RAM to reduce the number of times an external data source (such as a database or API) must be read. Memcached is free and open-source software, licensed under the Revised BSD license. Memcached runs on Unix-like operating systems (Linux and macOS) and on Microsoft Windows. It depends on the `libevent` library.\n\nMemcached's APIs provide a very large hash table distributed across multiple machines. When the table is full, subsequent inserts cause older data to be purged in the least recently used (LRU) order. Applications using Memcached typically layer requests and additions into RAM before falling back on a slower backing store, such as a database.\n\nMemcached has no internal mechanism to track misses which may happen. However, some third-party utilities provide this functionality.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Memcached, From Official Github",
+        "url": "https://github.com/memcached/memcached#readme",
+        "type": "opensource"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Memcached, From Wikipedia",
+        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memcached",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Memcached Tutorial",
+        "url": "https://www.tutorialspoint.com/memcached/index.htm",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "28U6q_X-NTYf7OSKHjoWH": {
+    "title": "MongoDB",
+    "description": "MongoDB is a source-available cross-platform document-oriented database program. Classified as a NoSQL database program, MongoDB uses JSON-like documents with optional schemas. MongoDB is developed by MongoDB Inc. and licensed under the Server Side Public License (SSPL).\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Visit Dedicated MongoDB Roadmap",
+        "url": "/mongodb",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "MongoDB Website",
+        "url": "https://www.mongodb.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "MongoDB Documentation",
+        "url": "https://docs.mongodb.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "MongoDB Online Sandbox",
+        "url": "https://mongoplayground.net/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Learning Path for MongoDB Developers",
+        "url": "https://learn.mongodb.com/catalog",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Dynamo DB Docs",
+        "url": "https://docs.aws.amazon.com/dynamodb/index.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Official Developers Guide",
+        "url": "https://docs.aws.amazon.com/amazondynamodb/latest/developerguide/Introduction.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "qOlNzZ7U8LhIGukb67n7U": {
+    "title": "CouchDB",
+    "description": "Apache CouchDB is an open-source document-oriented NoSQL database. It uses JSON to store data, JavaScript as its query language using MapReduce, and HTTP for an API. Unlike a relational database, a CouchDB database does not store data and relationships in tables. Instead, each database is a collection of independent documents. Each document maintains its own data and self-contained schema.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "CouchDB Website",
+        "url": "https://couchdb.apache.org/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "CouchDB Documentation",
+        "url": "https://docs.couchdb.org/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "The big NoSQL databases comparison",
+        "url": "https://kkovacs.eu/cassandra-vs-mongodb-vs-couchdb-vs-redis/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "pouchdb - a JavaScript database inspired by CouchDB",
+        "url": "https://pouchdb.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about CouchDB",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/couchdb?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "BTNJfWemFKEeNeTyENXui": {
+    "title": "Neo4j",
+    "description": "A graph database stores nodes and relationships instead of tables, or documents. Data is stored just like you might sketch ideas on a whiteboard. Your data is stored without restricting it to a pre-defined model, allowing a very flexible way of thinking about and using it.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is a Graph Database?",
+        "url": "https://neo4j.com/developer/graph-database/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Backend Development",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/backend?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "G9AI_i3MkUE1BsO3_-PH7": {
+    "title": "Graceful Degradation",
+    "description": "Graceful degradation is a design principle that states that a system should be designed to continue functioning, even if some of its components or features are not available. In the context of web development, graceful degradation refers to the ability of a web page or application to continue functioning, even if the user's browser or device does not support certain features or technologies.\n\nGraceful degradation is often used as an alternative to progressive enhancement, a design principle that states that a system should be designed to take advantage of advanced features and technologies if they are available.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is Graceful Degradation & Why Does it Matter?",
+        "url": "https://blog.hubspot.com/website/graceful-degradation",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Four Considerations When Designing Systems For Graceful Degradation",
+        "url": "https://newrelic.com/blog/best-practices/design-software-for-graceful-degradation",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "The Art of Graceful Degradation",
+        "url": "https://farfetchtechblog.com/en/blog/post/the-art-of-failure-ii-graceful-degradation/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "qAu-Y4KI2Z_y-EqiG86cR": {
+    "title": "Throttling",
+    "description": "Throttling is a design pattern that is used to limit the rate at which a system or component can be used. It is commonly used in cloud computing environments to prevent overuse of resources, such as compute power, network bandwidth, or storage capacity.\n\nThere are several ways to implement throttling in a cloud environment:\n\n*   Rate limiting: This involves setting a maximum number of requests that can be made to a system or component within a specified time period.\n*   Resource allocation: This involves allocating a fixed amount of resources to a system or component, and then limiting the use of those resources if they are exceeded.\n*   Token bucket: This involves using a \"bucket\" of tokens to represent the available resources, and then allowing a certain number of tokens to be \"consumed\" by each request. When the bucket is empty, additional requests are denied until more tokens become available.\n\nThrottling is an important aspect of cloud design, as it helps to ensure that resources are used efficiently and that the system remains stable and available. It is often used in conjunction with other design patterns, such as auto-scaling and load balancing, to provide a scalable and resilient cloud environment.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Throttling - AWS Well-Architected Framework",
+        "url": "https://docs.aws.amazon.com/wellarchitected/2022-03-31/framework/rel_mitigate_interaction_failure_throttle_requests.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "JansCqGDyXecQkD1K7E7e": {
+    "title": "Backpressure",
+    "description": "Backpressure is a design pattern that is used to manage the flow of data through a system, particularly in situations where the rate of data production exceeds the rate of data consumption. It is commonly used in cloud computing environments to prevent overloading of resources and to ensure that data is processed in a timely and efficient manner.\n\nThere are several ways to implement backpressure in a cloud environment:\n\n*   Buffering: This involves storing incoming data in a buffer until it can be processed, allowing the system to continue receiving data even if it is temporarily unable to process it.\n*   Batching: This involves grouping incoming data into batches and processing the batches in sequence, rather than processing each piece of data individually.\n*   Flow control: This involves using mechanisms such as flow control signals or windowing to regulate the rate at which data is transmitted between systems.\n\nBackpressure is an important aspect of cloud design, as it helps to ensure that data is processed efficiently and that the system remains stable and available. It is often used in conjunction with other design patterns, such as auto-scaling and load balancing, to provide a scalable and resilient cloud environment.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Awesome Architecture: Backpressure",
+        "url": "https://awesome-architecture.com/back-pressure/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "HoQdX7a4SnkFRU4RPQ-D5": {
+    "title": "Loadshifting",
+    "description": "Load shifting is a design pattern that is used to manage the workload of a system by shifting the load to different components or resources at different times. It is commonly used in cloud computing environments to balance the workload of a system and to optimize the use of resources.\n\nThere are several ways to implement load shifting in a cloud environment:\n\n*   Scheduling: This involves scheduling the execution of tasks or workloads to occur at specific times or intervals.\n*   Load balancing: This involves distributing the workload of a system across multiple resources, such as servers or containers, to ensure that the workload is balanced and that resources are used efficiently.\n*   Auto-scaling: This involves automatically adjusting the number of resources that are available to a system based on the workload, allowing the system to scale up or down as needed.\n\nLoad shifting is an important aspect of cloud design, as it helps to ensure that resources are used efficiently and that the system remains stable and available. It is often used in conjunction with other design patterns, such as throttling and backpressure, to provide a scalable and resilient cloud environment.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "spkiQTPvXY4qrhhVUkoPV": {
+    "title": "Circuit Breaker",
+    "description": "The circuit breaker design pattern is a way to protect a system from failures or excessive load by temporarily stopping certain operations if the system is deemed to be in a failed or overloaded state. It is commonly used in cloud computing environments to prevent cascading failures and to improve the resilience and availability of a system.\n\nA circuit breaker consists of three states: closed, open, and half-open. In the closed state, the circuit breaker allows operations to proceed as normal. If the system encounters a failure or becomes overloaded, the circuit breaker moves to the open state, and all subsequent operations are immediately stopped. After a specified period of time, the circuit breaker moves to the half-open state, and a small number of operations are allowed to proceed. If these operations are successful, the circuit breaker moves back to the closed state; if they fail, the circuit breaker moves back to the open state.\n\nThe circuit breaker design pattern is useful for protecting a system from failures or excessive load by providing a way to temporarily stop certain operations and allow the system to recover. It is often used in conjunction with other design patterns, such as retries and fallbacks, to provide a more robust and resilient cloud environment.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Circuit Breaker - AWS Well-Architected Framework",
+        "url": "https://docs.aws.amazon.com/wellarchitected/latest/reliability-pillar/rel_mitigate_interaction_failure_graceful_degradation.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Circuit Breaker - Complete Guide",
+        "url": "https://mateus4k.github.io/posts/circuit-breakers/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "f7iWBkC0X7yyCoP_YubVd": {
+    "title": "Migration Strategies",
+    "description": "Learn how to run database migrations effectively. Especially zero downtime multi-phase schema migrations. Rather than make all changes at once, do smaller incremental changes to allow old code, and new code to work with the database at the same time, before removing old code, and finally removing the parts of the database schema which is no longer used.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Databases as a Challenge for Continuous Delivery",
+        "url": "https://phauer.com/2015/databases-challenge-continuous-delivery/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "osQlGGy38xMcKLtgZtWaZ": {
+    "title": "Types of Scaling",
+    "description": "Horizontal scaling is a change in the **number** of a resource. For example, increasing the number of virtual machines processing messages in a queue. Vertical scaling is a change in the **size/power** of a resource. For example, increasing the memory or disk space available to a machine. Scaling can be applied to databases, cloud resources, and other areas of computing.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Horizontal vs Vertical Scaling",
+        "url": "https://touchstonesecurity.com/horizontal-vs-vertical-scaling-what-you-need-to-know/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "System Design Basics: Horizontal vs. Vertical Scaling",
+        "url": "https://youtu.be/xpDnVSmNFX0",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "System Design 101",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y-Gl4HEyeUQ",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "4X-sbqpP0NDhM99bKdqIa": {
+    "title": "Instrumentation",
+    "description": "Instrumentation refers to the measure of a product's performance, in order to diagnose errors and to write trace information. Instrumentation can be of two types: source instrumentation and binary instrumentation.\n\nBackend monitoring allows the user to view the performance of infrastructure i.e. the components that run a web application. These include the HTTP server, middleware, database, third-party API services, and more.\n\nTelemetry is the process of continuously collecting data from different components of the application. This data helps engineering teams to troubleshoot issues across services and identify the root causes. In other words, telemetry data powers observability for your distributed applications.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is Instrumentation?",
+        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instrumentation_(computer_programming)",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is Monitoring?",
+        "url": "https://www.yottaa.com/performance-monitoring-backend-vs-front-end-solutions/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is Telemetry?",
+        "url": "https://www.sumologic.com/insight/what-is-telemetry/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Monitoring",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/monitoring?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "QvMEEsXh0-rzn5hDGcmEv": {
+    "title": "Monitoring",
+    "description": "Distributed systems are hard to build, deploy and maintain. They consist of multiple components which communicate with each other. In parallel to that, users use the system, resulting in multiple requests. Making sense of this noise is important to understand:\n\n*   how the system behaves\n*   is it broken\n*   is it fast enough\n*   what can be improved\n\nA product can integrate with existing monitoring products (APM - application performance management). They can show a detailed view of each request - its user, time, components involved, state(error or OK) etc.\n\nWe can build dashboards with custom events or metrics according to our needs. Automatic alert rules can be configured on top of these events/metrics.\n\nA few popular tools are Grafana, Sentry, Mixpanel, NewRelic etc",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Observability vs Monitoring?",
+        "url": "https://www.dynatrace.com/news/blog/observability-vs-monitoring/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is APM?",
+        "url": "https://www.sumologic.com/blog/the-role-of-apm-and-distributed-tracing-in-observability/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Top monitoring tools 2024",
+        "url": "https://thectoclub.com/tools/best-application-monitoring-software/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Caching strategies",
+        "url": "https://medium.com/@genchilu/cache-strategy-in-backend-d0baaacd2d79",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "neVRtPjIHP_VG7lHwfah0": {
+    "title": "Telemetry",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "jWwA6yX4Zjx-r_KpDaD3c": {
+    "title": "MD5",
+    "description": "MD5 (Message-Digest Algorithm 5) is a hash function that is currently advised not to be used due to its extensive vulnerabilities. It is still used as a checksum to verify data integrity.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Wikipedia - MD5",
+        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MD5",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is MD5?",
+        "url": "https://www.techtarget.com/searchsecurity/definition/MD5",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Why is MD5 not safe?",
+        "url": "https://infosecscout.com/why-md5-is-not-safe/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "JVN38r5jENoteia3YeIQ3": {
+    "title": "SHA",
+    "description": "SHA (Secure Hash Algorithms) is a family of cryptographic hash functions created by the NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology). The family includes:\n\n*   SHA-0: Published in 1993, this is the first algorithm in the family. Shortly after its release, it was discontinued for an undisclosed significant flaw.\n*   SHA-1: Created to replace SHA-0 and which resembles MD5, this algorithm has been considered insecure since 2010.\n*   SHA-2: This isn't an algorithm, but a set of them, with SHA-256 and SHA-512 being the most popular. SHA-2 is still secure and widely used.\n*   SHA-3: Born in a competition, this is the newest member of the family. SHA-3 is very secure and doesn't carry the same design flaws as its brethren.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Wikipedia - SHA-1",
+        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SHA-1",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Wikipedia - SHA-2",
+        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SHA-2",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Wikipedia - SHA-3",
+        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SHA-3",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "kGTALrvCpxyVCXHRmkI7s": {
+    "title": "scrypt",
+    "description": "Scrypt (pronounced \"ess crypt\") is a password hashing function (like bcrypt). It is designed to use a lot of hardware, which makes brute-force attacks more difficult. Scrypt is mainly used as a proof-of-work algorithm for cryptocurrencies.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Wikipedia - Scrypt",
+        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scrypt",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "dlG1bVkDmjI3PEGpkm1xH": {
+    "title": "bcrypt",
+    "description": "bcrypt is a password hashing function, that has been proven reliable and secure since it's release in 1999. It has been implemented into most commonly-used programming languages.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "bcrypts npm package",
+        "url": "https://www.npmjs.com/package/bcrypt",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Understanding bcrypt",
+        "url": "https://auth0.com/blog/hashing-in-action-understanding-bcrypt/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "bcrypt explained",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O6cmuiTBZVs",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "x-WBJjBd8u93ym5gtxGsR": {
+    "title": "HTTPS",
+    "description": "HTTPS is a secure way to send data between a web server and a browser.\n\nA communication through HTTPS starts with the handshake phase during which the server and the client agree on how to encrypt the communication, in particular they choose an encryption algorithm and a secret key. After the handshake all the communication between the server and the client will be encrypted using the agreed upon algorithm and key.\n\nThe handshake phase uses a particular kind of cryptography, called asymmetric cryptography, to communicate securely even though client and server have not yet agreed on a secret key. After the handshake phase the HTTPS communication is encrypted with symmetric cryptography, which is much more efficient but requires client and server to both have knowledge of the secret key.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is HTTPS?",
+        "url": "https://www.cloudflare.com/en-gb/learning/ssl/what-is-https/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Why HTTPS Matters",
+        "url": "https://developers.google.com/web/fundamentals/security/encrypt-in-transit/why-https",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Enabling HTTPS on Your Servers",
+        "url": "https://web.dev/articles/enable-https",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How HTTPS works (comic)",
+        "url": "https://howhttps.works/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "HTTPS explained with carrier pigeons",
+        "url": "https://baida.dev/articles/https-explained-with-carrier-pigeons",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "SSL, TLS, HTTP, HTTPS Explained",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hExRDVZHhig",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "HTTPS — Stories from the field",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GoXgl9r0Kjk",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "AAgciyxuDvS2B_c6FRMvT": {
+    "title": "OWASP Risks",
+    "description": "OWASP or Open Web Application Security Project is an online community that produces freely-available articles, methodologies, documentation, tools, and technologies in the field of web application security.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "OWASP Application Security Verification Standard",
+        "url": "https://github.com/OWASP/ASVS",
+        "type": "opensource"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Wikipedia - OWASP",
+        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OWASP",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "OWASP Top 10 Security Risks",
+        "url": "https://cheatsheetseries.owasp.org/IndexTopTen.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "OWASP Cheatsheets",
+        "url": "https://cheatsheetseries.owasp.org/cheatsheets/AJAX_Security_Cheat_Sheet.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "0v3OsaghJEGHeXX0c5kqn": {
+    "title": "SSL/TLS",
+    "description": "Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) and Transport Layer Security (TLS) are cryptographic protocols used to provide security in internet communications. These protocols encrypt the data that is transmitted over the web, so anyone who tries to intercept packets will not be able to interpret the data. One difference that is important to know is that SSL is now deprecated due to security flaws, and most modern web browsers no longer support it. But TLS is still secure and widely supported, so preferably use TLS.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Wikipedia - SSL/TLS",
+        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_Layer_Security",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Cloudflare - What is SSL?",
+        "url": "https://www.cloudflare.com/learning/ssl/what-is-ssl/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "SSL, TLS, HTTPS Explained",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j9QmMEWmcfo",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "LU6WUbkWKbPM1rb2_gEqa": {
+    "title": "CORS",
+    "description": "Cross-Origin Resource Sharing (CORS) is an HTTP-header based mechanism that allows a server to indicate any origins (domain, scheme, or port) other than its own from which a browser should permit loading resources.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Cross-Origin Resource Sharing (CORS)",
+        "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/CORS",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Understanding CORS",
+        "url": "https://rbika.com/blog/understanding-cors",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "CORS in 100 Seconds",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4KHiSt0oLJ0",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "CORS in 6 minutes",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PNtFSVU-YTI",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "TZ0BWOENPv6pQm8qYB8Ow": {
+    "title": "Server Security",
+    "description": "Learn about the security of your server and how to secure it. Here are some of the topics off the top of my head:\n\n*   Use a firewall: One of the most effective ways to secure a server is to use a firewall to block all unnecessary incoming traffic. You can use iptables on Linux systems or a hardware firewall to do this.\n*   Close unnecessary ports: Make sure to close any ports that are not needed for your server to function properly. This will reduce the attack surface of your server and make it more difficult for attackers to gain access.\n*   Use strong passwords: Use long, complex passwords for all of your accounts, and consider using a password manager to store them securely.\n*   Keep your system up to date: Make sure to keep your operating system and software up to date with the latest security patches. This will help to prevent vulnerabilities from being exploited by attackers.\n*   Use SSL/TLS for communication: Use Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) or Transport Layer Security (TLS) to encrypt communication between your server and client devices. This will help to protect against man-in-the-middle attacks and other types of cyber threats.\n*   Use a intrusion detection system (IDS): An IDS monitors network traffic and alerts you to any suspicious activity, which can help you to identify and respond to potential threats in a timely manner.\n*   Enable two-factor authentication: Two-factor authentication adds an extra layer of security to your accounts by requiring a second form of authentication, such as a code sent to your phone, in addition to your password.\n\nAlso learn about OpenSSL and creating your own PKI as well as managing certs, renewals, and mutual client auth with x509 certs",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "HgQBde1zLUFtlwB66PR6_": {
+    "title": "CSP",
+    "description": "Content Security Policy is a computer security standard introduced to prevent cross-site scripting, clickjacking and other code injection attacks resulting from execution of malicious content in the trusted web page context.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "MDN — Content Security Policy (CSP)",
+        "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/CSP",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Google Devs — Content Security Policy (CSP)",
+        "url": "https://developers.google.com/web/fundamentals/security/csp",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Security",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/security?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "yCnn-NfSxIybUQ2iTuUGq": {
+    "title": "How does the internet work?",
+    "description": "The Internet is a global network of computers connected to each other which communicate through a standardized set of protocols.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "How does the Internet Work?",
+        "url": "https://cs.fyi/guide/how-does-internet-work",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "The Internet Explained",
+        "url": "https://www.vox.com/2014/6/16/18076282/the-internet",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How Does the Internet Work?",
+        "url": "http://web.stanford.edu/class/msande91si/www-spr04/readings/week1/InternetWhitepaper.htm",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Introduction to Internet",
+        "url": "/guides/what-is-internet",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How does the Internet work?",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x3c1ih2NJEg",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How the Internet Works in 5 Minutes",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7_LPdttKXPc",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How does the internet work? (Full Course)",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zN8YNNHcaZc",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "R12sArWVpbIs_PHxBqVaR": {
+    "title": "What is HTTP?",
+    "description": "HTTP is the `TCP/IP` based application layer communication protocol which standardizes how the client and server communicate with each other. It defines how the content is requested and transmitted across the internet.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Everything you need to know about HTTP",
+        "url": "https://cs.fyi/guide/http-in-depth",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is HTTP?",
+        "url": "https://www.cloudflare.com/en-gb/learning/ddos/glossary/hypertext-transfer-protocol-http/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "An overview of HTTP",
+        "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Overview",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "HTTP/3 From A To Z: Core Concepts",
+        "url": "https://www.smashingmagazine.com/2021/08/http3-core-concepts-part1/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Full HTTP Networking Course",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2JYT5f2isg4",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "HTTP/1 to HTTP/2 to HTTP/3",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a-sBfyiXysI",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "HTTP Crash Course & Exploration",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iYM2zFP3Zn0",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "SSL, TLS, HTTPS Explained",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j9QmMEWmcfo",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "ZhSuu2VArnzPDp6dPQQSC": {
+    "title": "What is Domain Name?",
+    "description": "A domain name is a unique, easy-to-remember address used to access websites, such as ‘[google.com](http://google.com)’, and ‘[facebook.com](http://facebook.com)’. Users can connect to websites using domain names thanks to the DNS system.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is a Domain Name?",
+        "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn/Common_questions/What_is_a_domain_name",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is a Domain Name? | Domain name vs. URL",
+        "url": "https://www.cloudflare.com/en-gb/learning/dns/glossary/what-is-a-domain-name/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "A Beginners Guide to How Domain Names Work",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y4cRx19nhJk",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "aqMaEY8gkKMikiqleV5EP": {
+    "title": "What is hosting?",
+    "description": "Web hosting is an online service that allows you to publish your website files onto the internet. So, anyone who has access to the internet has access to your website.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is the difference between webpage, website, web server, and search engine?",
+        "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn/Common_questions/Web_mechanics/Pages_sites_servers_and_search_engines",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is a web server?",
+        "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn/Common_questions/Web_mechanics/What_is_a_web_server",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What Is Web Hosting? Explained",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=htbY9-yggB0",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Different Types of Web Hosting Explained",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AXVZYzw8geg",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Where to Host a Fullstack Project on a Budget",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kx_1NYYJS7Q",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "hkxw9jPGYphmjhTjw8766": {
+    "title": "DNS and how it works?",
+    "description": "The Domain Name System (DNS) is the phonebook of the Internet. Humans access information online through domain names, like [nytimes.com](http://nytimes.com) or [espn.com](http://espn.com). Web browsers interact through Internet Protocol (IP) addresses. DNS translates domain names to IP addresses so browsers can load Internet resources.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is DNS?",
+        "url": "https://www.cloudflare.com/en-gb/learning/dns/what-is-dns/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How DNS works (comic)",
+        "url": "https://howdns.works/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Understanding Domain names",
+        "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Glossary/DNS/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about DNS",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/dns?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "DNS and How does it Work?",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wj0od2ag5sk",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "DNS Records",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7lxgpKh_fRY",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Complete DNS mini-series",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zEmUuNFBgN8&list=PLTk5ZYSbd9MhMmOiPhfRJNW7bhxHo4q-K",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "P82WFaTPgQEPNp5IIuZ1Y": {
+    "title": "Browsers and how they work?",
+    "description": "A web browser is a software application that enables a user to access and display web pages or other online content through its graphical user interface.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "How Browsers Work",
+        "url": "https://www.html5rocks.com/en/tutorials/internals/howbrowserswork/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Role of Rendering Engine in Browsers",
+        "url": "https://www.browserstack.com/guide/browser-rendering-engine",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Populating the Page: How Browsers Work",
+        "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/Performance/How_browsers_work",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Browsers",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/browsers?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "PY9G7KQy8bF6eIdr1ydHf": {
+    "title": "Authentication",
+    "description": "The API authentication process validates the identity of the client attempting to make a connection by using an authentication protocol. The protocol sends the credentials from the remote client requesting the connection to the remote access server in either plain text or encrypted form. The server then knows whether it can grant access to that remote client or not.\n\nHere is the list of common ways of authentication:\n\n*   JWT Authentication\n*   Token based Authentication\n*   Session based Authentication\n*   Basic Authentication\n*   OAuth - Open Authorization\n*   SSO - Single Sign On\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "User Authentication: Understanding the Basics & Top Tips",
+        "url": "https://swoopnow.com/user-authentication/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "An overview about authentication methods",
+        "url": "https://betterprogramming.pub/how-do-you-authenticate-mate-f2b70904cc3a",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "SSO - Single Sign On",
+        "url": "https://roadmap.sh/guides/sso",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "OAuth - Open Authorization",
+        "url": "https://roadmap.sh/guides/oauth",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "JWT Authentication",
+        "url": "https://roadmap.sh/guides/jwt-authentication",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Token Based Authentication",
+        "url": "https://roadmap.sh/guides/token-authentication",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Session Based Authentication",
+        "url": "https://roadmap.sh/guides/session-authentication",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Basic Authentication",
+        "url": "https://roadmap.sh/guides/basic-authentication",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Authentication",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/authentication?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "UxS_mzVUjLigEwKrXnEeB": {
+    "title": "JWT",
+    "description": "JWT stands for JSON Web Token is a token-based encryption open standard/methodology that is used to transfer information securely as a JSON object. Clients and Servers use JWT to securely share information, with the JWT containing encoded JSON objects and claims. JWT tokens are designed to be compact, safe to use within URLs, and ideal for SSO contexts.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "jwt.io Website",
+        "url": "https://jwt.io/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Introduction to JSON Web Tokens",
+        "url": "https://jwt.io/introduction",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is JWT?",
+        "url": "https://www.akana.com/blog/what-is-jwt",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about JWT",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/jwt?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What Is JWT and Why Should You Use JWT",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7Q17ubqLfaM",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is JWT? JSON Web Token Explained",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=926mknSW9Lo",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "yRiJgjjv2s1uV9vgo3n8m": {
+    "title": "Basic Authentication",
+    "description": "Given the name \"Basic Authentication\", you should not confuse Basic Authentication with the standard username and password authentication. Basic authentication is a part of the HTTP specification, and the details can be [found in the RFC7617](https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc7617.html).\n\nBecause it is a part of the HTTP specifications, all the browsers have native support for \"HTTP Basic Authentication\".\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "HTTP Basic Authentication",
+        "url": "https://roadmap.sh/guides/http-basic-authentication",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Authentication",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/authentication?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Illustrated HTTP Basic Authentication",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mwccHwUn7Gc",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "0rGj7FThLJZouSQUhnqGW": {
+    "title": "Token Authentication",
+    "description": "Token-based authentication is a protocol which allows users to verify their identity, and in return receive a unique access token. During the life of the token, users then access the website or app that the token has been issued for, rather than having to re-enter credentials each time they go back to the same webpage, app, or any resource protected with that same token.\n\nAuth tokens work like a stamped ticket. The user retains access as long as the token remains valid. Once the user logs out or quits an app, the token is invalidated.\n\nToken-based authentication is different from traditional password-based or server-based authentication techniques. Tokens offer a second layer of security, and administrators have detailed control over each action and transaction.\n\nBut using tokens requires a bit of coding know-how. Most developers pick up the techniques quickly, but there is a learning curve.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What Is Token-Based Authentication?",
+        "url": "https://www.okta.com/identity-101/what-is-token-based-authentication/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Authentication",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/authentication?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "vp-muizdICcmU0gN8zmkS": {
+    "title": "OAuth",
+    "description": "OAuth stands for **O**pen **Auth**orization and is an open standard for authorization. It works to authorize devices, APIs, servers and applications using access tokens rather than user credentials, known as \"secure delegated access\".\n\nIn its most simplest form, OAuth delegates authentication to services like Facebook, Amazon, Twitter and authorizes third-party applications to access the user account **without** having to enter their login and password.\n\nIt is mostly utilized for REST/APIs and only provides a limited scope of a user's data.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Okta - What the Heck is OAuth",
+        "url": "https://developer.okta.com/blog/2017/06/21/what-the-heck-is-oauth",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "DigitalOcean - An Introduction to OAuth 2",
+        "url": "https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/an-introduction-to-oauth-2",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about OAuth",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/oauth?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is OAuth really all about",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t4-416mg6iU",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "OAuth 2.0: An Overview",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CPbvxxslDTU",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "ffzsh8_5yRq85trFt9Xhk": {
+    "title": "Cookie Based Auth",
+    "description": "Cookies are pieces of data used to identify the user and their preferences. The browser returns the cookie to the server every time the page is requested. Specific cookies like HTTP cookies are used to perform cookie-based authentication to maintain the session for each user.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "How does cookie based authentication work?",
+        "url": "https://stackoverflow.com/questions/17769011/how-does-cookie-based-authentication-work",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "z3EJBpgGm0_Uj3ymhypbX": {
+    "title": "OpenID",
+    "description": "OpenID is a protocol that utilizes the authorization and authentication mechanisms of OAuth 2.0 and is now widely adopted by many identity providers on the Internet. It solves the problem of needing to share user's personal info between many different web services(e.g. online shops, discussion forums etc.)\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Official Website",
+        "url": "https://openid.net/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is OpenID",
+        "url": "https://openid.net/connect/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "OAuth vs OpenID",
+        "url": "https://securew2.com/blog/oauth-vs-openid-which-is-better",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Authentication",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/authentication?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "An Illustrated Guide to OAuth and OpenID Connect",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t18YB3xDfXI",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "OAuth 2.0 and OpenID Connect (in plain English)",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=996OiexHze0",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "UCHtaePVxS-0kpqlYxbfC": {
+    "title": "SAML",
+    "description": "Security Assertion Markup Language (SAML)\n-----------------------------------------\n\n**SAML** stands for Security Assertion Markup Language. It is an XML-based standard for exchanging authentication and authorization data between parties, particularly between an identity provider (IdP) and a service provider (SP). In a SAML-based system, a user requests access to a protected resource. The service provider asks the identity provider to authenticate the user and assert whether they are granted access to the resource.\n\n### Benefits of SAML\n\nSome advantages of using SAML include:\n\n*   Single Sign-On (SSO): Users can log in once at the IdP and access multiple service providers without needing to authenticate again.\n*   Improved security: Passwords and user credentials are not required to be stored and managed by the service provider, reducing the potential vectors for attack.\n*   Increased efficiency: As users no longer need to maintain multiple sets of credentials, managing access becomes easier for both the user and the system administrators.\n*   Interoperability: SAML enables a wide range of applications to work together, regardless of the underlying technology or platform.\n\n### SAML Components\n\nThree main components are involved in the SAML architecture:\n\n1.  **Identity Provider (IdP)**: The entity that manages users' identities and authenticates them by providing security tokens, also called assertions.\n2.  **Service Provider (SP)**: The entity that provides a service (such as a web application or API) and relies on the identity provider to authenticate users and grant/deny access to the resources.\n3.  **User/Principal**: The end user seeking access to the service provided by the service provider.\n\n### SAML Workflow\n\nThe SAML authentication process consists of the following steps:\n\n1.  The user requests access to a protected resource from the service provider.\n2.  If the user is not already authenticated, the service provider generates and sends a SAML authentication request to the identity provider.\n3.  The identity provider authenticates the user (using, e.g., a username and password, multi-factor authentication, or another method).\n4.  The identity provider constructs a SAML response, which includes details about the user and asserts whether the user is authorized to access the requested resource.\n5.  The SAML response is sent back to the service provider, typically via the user's web browser or API client.\n6.  The service provider processes the SAML response, extracts the necessary information, and grants or denies access to the user based on the identity provider's assertion.\n\nWith SAML, you can streamline user authentication and authorization across various applications and systems, providing a better user experience and improving your overall backend security.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "NulaE1isWqn-feYHg4YQT": {
+    "title": "Elasticsearch",
+    "description": "Elastic search at its core is a document-oriented search engine. It is a document based database that lets you INSERT, DELETE , RETRIEVE and even perform analytics on the saved records. But, Elastic Search is unlike any other general purpose database you have worked with, in the past. It's essentially a search engine and offers an arsenal of features you can use to retrieve the data stored in it, as per your search criteria. And that too, at lightning speeds.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Elasticsearch Website",
+        "url": "https://www.elastic.co/elasticsearch/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Elasticsearch Documentation",
+        "url": "https://www.elastic.co/guide/index.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about ELK",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/elk?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "iN_1EuIwCx_7lRBw1Io4U": {
+    "title": "Solr",
+    "description": "Solr is highly reliable, scalable and fault tolerant, providing distributed indexing, replication and load-balanced querying, automated failover and recovery, centralized configuration and more. Solr powers the search and navigation features of many of the world's largest internet sites.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Official Website",
+        "url": "https://solr.apache.org/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Official Documentation",
+        "url": "https://solr.apache.org/resources.html#documentation",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "5XGvep2qoti31bsyqNzrU": {
+    "title": "Real-Time Data",
+    "description": "There are many ways to get real time data from the backend. Some of them are:",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "osvajAJlwGI3XnX0fE-kA": {
+    "title": "Long Polling",
+    "description": "Long polling is a technique where the client polls the server for new data. However, if the server does not have any data available for the client, instead of sending an empty response, the server holds the request and waits for some specified period of time for new data to be available. If new data becomes available during that time, the server immediately sends a response to the client, completing the open request. If no new data becomes available and the timeout period specified by the client expires, the server sends a response indicating that fact. The client will then immediately re-request data from the server, creating a new request-response cycle.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "Tt7yr-ChHncJG0Ge1f0Xk": {
+    "title": "Short Polling",
+    "description": "Short polling is a technique where the client repeatedly polls the server for new data. This is the most common approach to polling. It's simple to implement and understand, but it's not the most efficient way of doing things.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "M0iaSSdVPWaCUpyTG50Vf": {
+    "title": "Redis",
+    "description": "A key-value database (KV database) is a type of database that stores data as a collection of key-value pairs. In a KV database, each piece of data is identified by a unique key, and the value is the data associated with that key.\n\nKV databases are designed for fast and efficient storage and retrieval of data, and they are often used in applications that require high performance and low latency. They are particularly well-suited for storing large amounts of unstructured data, such as log data and user profiles.\n\nSome popular KV databases include Redis, Memcached, and LevelDB. These databases are often used in combination with other types of databases, such as relational databases or document databases, to provide a complete and scalable data storage solution.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Key-Value Databases - Wikipedia",
+        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Key-value_database",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Backend Development",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/backend?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "dwfEHInbX2eFiafM-nRMX": {
+    "title": "DynamoDB",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "RyJFLLGieJ8Xjt-DlIayM": {
+    "title": "Firebase",
+    "description": "A real-time database is broadly defined as a data store designed to collect, process, and/or enrich an incoming series of data points (i.e., a data stream) in real time, typically immediately after the data is created.\n\n[Firebase](https://firebase.google.com/) [RethinkDB](https://rethinkdb.com/)",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "5T0ljwlHL0545ICCeehcQ": {
+    "title": "RethinkDB",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "kdulE3Z_BdbtRmq6T2KmR": {
+    "title": "SQLite",
+    "description": "SQLite is a relational database management system that is embedded into the end program. It is self-contained, serverless, zero-configuration, transactional SQL database engine.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "SQLite website",
+        "url": "https://www.sqlite.org/index.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "SQLite Tutorial",
+        "url": "https://www.sqlitetutorial.net/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about SQLite",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/sqlite?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "XbM4TDImSH-56NsITjyHK": {
+    "title": "Influx DB",
+    "description": "InfluxDB\n--------\n\nInfluxDB was built from the ground up to be a purpose-built time series database; i.e., it was not repurposed to be time series. Time was built-in from the beginning. InfluxDB is part of a comprehensive platform that supports the collection, storage, monitoring, visualization and alerting of time series data. It’s much more than just a time series database.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "InfluxDB Website",
+        "url": "https://www.influxdata.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Time series database",
+        "url": "https://www.influxdata.com/time-series-database/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Backend Development",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/backend?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "WiAK70I0z-_bzbWNwiHUd": {
+    "title": "TimeScale",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "gT6-z2vhdIQDzmR2K1g1U": {
+    "title": "Cassandra",
+    "description": "A **wide-column database** (sometimes referred to as a column database) is similar to a relational database. It store data in tables, rows and columns. However in opposite to relational databases here each row can have its own format of the columns. Column databases can be seen as a two-dimensional key-value database. One of such database system is **Apache Cassandra**.\n\n**Warning:** [note that a \"columnar database\" and a \"column database\" are two different terms!](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wide-column_store#Wide-column_stores_versus_columnar_databases)\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Apache Cassandra",
+        "url": "https://cassandra.apache.org/_/index.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Backend Development",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/backend?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Apache Cassandra - Course for Beginners",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J-cSy5MeMOA",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "QZwTLOvjUTaSb_9deuxsR": {
+    "title": "Base",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "5xy66yQrz1P1w7n6PcAFq": {
+    "title": "AWS Neptune",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "Z01E67D6KjrShvQCHjGR7": {
+    "title": "Observability",
+    "description": "In software development, observability is the measure of how well we can understand a system from the work it does, and how to make it better.\n\nSo what makes a system to be \"observable\"? It is its ability of producing and collecting metrics, logs and traces in order for us to understand what happens under the hood and identify issues and bottlenecks faster.\n\nYou can of course implement all those features by yourself, but there are a lot of softwares out there that can help you with it like Datadog, Sentry and CloudWatch.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "DataDog Docs",
+        "url": "https://docs.datadoghq.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "AWS CloudWatch Docs",
+        "url": "https://aws.amazon.com/cloudwatch/getting-started/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Sentry Docs",
+        "url": "https://docs.sentry.io/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Observability and Instrumentation: What They Are and Why They Matter",
+        "url": "https://newrelic.com/blog/best-practices/observability-instrumentation",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Observability",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/observability?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "AWS re:Invent 2017: Improving Microservice and Serverless Observability with Monitor",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wx0SHRb2xcI",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/public/roadmap-content/blockchain.json b/public/roadmap-content/blockchain.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..62b07dc2a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/public/roadmap-content/blockchain.json
@@ -0,0 +1,2538 @@
+{
+  "MvpHHpbS-EksUfuOKILOq": {
+    "title": "Basic Blockchain Knowledge",
+    "description": "A blockchain is a decentralized, distributed, and oftentimes public, digital ledger consisting of records called blocks that is used to record transactions across many computers so that any involved block cannot be altered retroactively, without the alteration of all subsequent blocks.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Introduction to Blockchain",
+        "url": "https://chain.link/education-hub/blockchain",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Blockchain Explained",
+        "url": "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/blockchain.asp",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "An Elementary and Slightly Distilled Introduction to Blockchain",
+        "url": "https://markpetherbridge.co.uk/blog/an-elementary-and-slightly-distilled-introduction-to-blockchain/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Blockchain",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/blockchain?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How does a blockchain work?",
+        "url": "https://youtu.be/SSo_EIwHSd4",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What Is a Blockchain? | Blockchain Basics for Developers",
+        "url": "https://youtu.be/4ff9esY_4aU",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "Atv-4Q7edtvfySs_XhgEq": {
+    "title": "Blockchain Structure",
+    "description": "The blockchain gets its name from its underlying structure. The blockchain is organized as a series of “blocks” that are “chained” together.\n\nUnderstanding blockchain security requires understanding how the blockchain is put together. This requires knowing what the blocks and chains of blockchain are and why they are designed the way that they are.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Blockchain Basics | Coursera",
+        "url": "https://www.coursera.org/lecture/blockchain-basics/blockchain-structure-5rj9Z",
+        "type": "course"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Blockchain Architecture Basics: Components, Structure, Benefits & Creation",
+        "url": "https://mlsdev.com/blog/156-how-to-build-your-own-blockchain-architecture",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Blockchain Architecture 101: Components, Structure, and Benefits",
+        "url": "https://komodoplatform.com/en/academy/blockchain-architecture-101/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Blockchain structure",
+        "url": "https://resources.infosecinstitute.com/topic/blockchain-structure/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Blockchain",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/blockchain?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "9z0Fqn1qqN8eo6s7_kwcb": {
+    "title": "Basic Blockchain Operations",
+    "description": "Operations in a decentralized networks are the responsibility of the peer participants and their respective computational nodes. These are specific for each type of blockchain.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Blockchain Basics | Coursera",
+        "url": "https://www.coursera.org/lecture/blockchain-basics/basic-operations-OxILB",
+        "type": "course"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Blockchain Basics: Structure, Operations, and the Bitcoin Blockchain",
+        "url": "https://www.mlq.ai/blockchain-basics/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Bitcoin blockchain transactions | Bitcoin Developer",
+        "url": "https://developer.bitcoin.org/reference/transactions.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Ethereum blockchain transactions | ethereum.org",
+        "url": "https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/transactions/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Blockchain",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/blockchain?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How Bitcoin blockchain actually work (Video)",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bBC-nXj3Ng4",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "WD2JH4X4tEE4J0W0XFQ_4": {
+    "title": "Applications and Uses",
+    "description": "Blockchain applications go far beyond cryptocurrency and bitcoin. With its ability to create more transparency and fairness while also saving businesses time and money, the technology is impacting a variety of sectors in ways that range from how contracts are enforced to making government work more efficiently.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Blockchain Use Cases and Applications by Industry",
+        "url": "https://consensys.net/blockchain-use-cases/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Top 10 Real-World Applications Of Blockchain Technology",
+        "url": "https://www.blockchain-council.org/blockchain/top-10-real-world-applications-of-blockchain-technology/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Ethereum blockchain transactions | ethereum.org",
+        "url": "https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/transactions/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "E34 Blockchain Applications and Real-World Use Cases Disrupting the Status Quo",
+        "url": "https://builtin.com/blockchain/blockchain-applications",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "edO8iEehsZtYavlsEKhOy": {
+    "title": "What is Blockchain",
+    "description": "A blockchain is a decentralized, distributed, and oftentimes public, digital ledger consisting of records called blocks that is used to record transactions across many computers so that any involved block cannot be altered retroactively, without the alteration of all subsequent blocks.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Blockchain Explained",
+        "url": "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/blockchain.asp",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is decentralization?",
+        "url": "https://aws.amazon.com/blockchain/decentralization-in-blockchain/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Blockchain",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/blockchain?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How does a blockchain work?",
+        "url": "https://youtu.be/SSo_EIwHSd4",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What Is a Blockchain? | Blockchain Basics for Developers",
+        "url": "https://youtu.be/4ff9esY_4aU",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "H9jvIlxX6P-C_cgPfZop4": {
+    "title": "Decentralization",
+    "description": "In blockchain, decentralization refers to the transfer of control and decision-making from a centralized entity (individual, organization, or group thereof) to a distributed network. Decentralized networks strive to reduce the level of trust that participants must place in one another, and deter their ability to exert authority or control over one another in ways that degrade the functionality of the network.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is decentralization?",
+        "url": "https://aws.amazon.com/blockchain/decentralization-in-blockchain/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is Decentralization in Blockchain?",
+        "url": "https://www.blockchain-council.org/blockchain/what-is-decentralization-in-blockchain/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Decentralization",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/decentralization?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "Nc9AH6L7EqeQxh0m6Hddz": {
+    "title": "Why it matters?",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "bA4V_9AbV3uQi3qrtLWk0": {
+    "title": "General Blockchain Knowledge",
+    "description": "Visit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "The Complete Course On Understanding Blockchain Technology",
+        "url": "https://www.udemy.com/course/understanding-blockchain-technology/",
+        "type": "course"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Blockchain",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/blockchain?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Blockchain Technology Explained",
+        "url": "https://youtu.be/qOVAbKKSH10",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "B7niNXMOTbHn_1ixKQ8ri": {
+    "title": "Mining and Incentive Models",
+    "description": "Mining is the process of adding transaction details to the Blockchain, like sender address, hash value, etc. The Blockchain contains all the history of the transactions that have taken place in the past for record purposes and it is stored in such a manner that, it can’t be manipulated.\n\nAn Incentive is basically a reward given to a Blockchain Miner for speeding up the transactions and making correct decisions while processing the complete transaction securely.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Ethereum Consensus Mechanisms",
+        "url": "https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/consensus-mechanisms/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Solana Staking Rewards",
+        "url": "https://docs.solana.com/implemented-proposals/staking-rewards",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "E9HR_voxQ2a2tvWUuva_p": {
+    "title": "Decentralization vs Trust",
+    "description": "Blockchains, cryptocurrency, smart contracts, and oracles have emerged as new technologies for coordinating social and economic activities in a more secure, transparent, and accessible manner. Most importantly, these technologies are revealing the power of cryptographic guarantees—what we often call cryptographic truth—in restoring users’ trust in everyday interactions.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What Crypto Is Really About",
+        "url": "https://blog.chain.link/what-crypto-is-really-about/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Ethereum Consensus Mechanisms",
+        "url": "https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/consensus-mechanisms/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Decentralization",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/decentralization?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "The Superiority of Cryptographic Truth",
+        "url": "https://youtu.be/AEtBPbmIRKQ",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "L08v-78UsEhcg-mZtMVuk": {
+    "title": "Blockchain Forking",
+    "description": "A fork happens whenever a community makes a change to the blockchain’s protocol, or basic set of rules.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Blockchain Fork",
+        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fork_(blockchain)",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is a fork?",
+        "url": "https://www.coinbase.com/learn/crypto-basics/what-is-a-fork",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What Is a Hard Fork?",
+        "url": "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/h/hard-fork.asp",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Blockchain",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/blockchain?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "s1QqQc0We5yQaNF3Ogt4k": {
+    "title": "Cryptocurrencies",
+    "description": "A cryptocurrency, crypto-currency, or crypto is a digital currency designed to work as a medium of exchange through a blockchain, which is not reliant on any central authority, such as a government or bank, to uphold or maintain it.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What Is Cryptocurrency?",
+        "url": "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/cryptocurrency.asp",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Cryptocurrency: What It Is and How It Works",
+        "url": "https://www.nerdwallet.com/article/investing/cryptocurrency",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Crypto",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/crypto?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How Cryptocurrency actually works.",
+        "url": "https://youtu.be/rYQgy8QDEBI",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "FSThY0R1OAZCIL98W3AMj": {
+    "title": "Cryptowallets",
+    "description": "A cryptocurrency wallet is an application that functions as a wallet for your cryptocurrency.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is a Cryptocurrency Wallet?",
+        "url": "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/bitcoin-wallet.asp",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is a Crypto Wallet? A Beginner’s Guide",
+        "url": "https://crypto.com/university/crypto-wallets",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "e_I-4Q6_qIW09Hcn-pgKm": {
+    "title": "Cryptography",
+    "description": "Cryptography, or cryptology, is the practice and study of techniques for secure communication in the presence of adversarial behavior.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Cryptography",
+        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptography",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is Cryptography",
+        "url": "https://www.synopsys.com/glossary/what-is-cryptography.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Cryptography",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/cryptography?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Asymmetric Encryption - Simply explained",
+        "url": "https://youtu.be/AQDCe585Lnc",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is Cryptography?",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6_Cxj5WKpIw",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "_BkpK9qgp9up8nXNH7q4m": {
+    "title": "Consensus Protocols",
+    "description": "Consensus for blockchain is a procedure in which the peers of a Blockchain network reach agreement about the present state of the data in the network. Through this, consensus algorithms establish reliability and trust in the Blockchain network.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Consensus Mechanisms in Blockchain: A Beginner’s Guide",
+        "url": "https://crypto.com/university/consensus-mechanisms-explained",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Consensus Mechanisms",
+        "url": "https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/consensus-mechanisms/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What Is a Consensus Mechanism?",
+        "url": "https://www.coindesk.com/learn/what-is-a-consensus-mechanism/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "nNPa6jKRUaitmHwBip_LE": {
+    "title": "Blockchain Interoperability",
+    "description": "The concept of “blockchain interoperability” refers to the ability of different blockchain networks to exchange and leverage data between one another and to move unique types of digital assets between the networks’ respective blockchains.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Cross-Chain Interoperability: What it Means for Blockchain",
+        "url": "https://www.gemini.com/cryptopedia/why-is-interoperability-important-for-blockchain",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Blockchain Interoperability : Why Is Cross Chain Technology Important?",
+        "url": "https://101blockchains.com/blockchain-interoperability/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Blockchain Interoperability – Understanding Cross-Chain Technology",
+        "url": "https://www.blockchain-council.org/blockchain/blockchain-interoperability/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Blockchain",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/blockchain?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "JYHK95Xr0R1MVCda1Epl6": {
+    "title": "Solana",
+    "description": "Solana is a public blockchain platform with smart contract functionality. Its native cryptocurrency is SOL.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is Solana, and how does it work?",
+        "url": "https://cointelegraph.com/news/what-is-solana-and-how-does-it-work",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Beginners Guide To Solana",
+        "url": "https://solana.com/news/getting-started-with-solana-development",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Solana Introduction",
+        "url": "https://docs.solana.com/introduction",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Solana Whitepaper",
+        "url": "https://solana.com/solana-whitepaper.pdf",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Solana Architecture",
+        "url": "https://docs.solana.com/cluster/overview",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Start Building Solana!",
+        "url": "https://beta.solpg.io/?utm_source=solana.com",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Solana",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/solana?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "ug4FB4RXItHU0ADnisvve": {
+    "title": "TON",
+    "description": "TON is a fully decentralized layer-1 blockchain designed by Telegram to onboard billions of users. It boasts ultra-fast transactions, tiny fees, easy-to-use apps, and is environmentally friendly.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "TON Telegram integration highlights synergy of blockchain community",
+        "url": "https://cointelegraph.com/news/ton-telegram-integration-highlights-synergy-of-blockchain-community",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Start building on The Open Network",
+        "url": "https://ton.org/dev",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "TON Introduction",
+        "url": "https://ton.org/docs/learn/introduction",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Blockchain analysis",
+        "url": "https://ton.org/analysis",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "tSJyp46rkJcOtDqVpJX1s": {
+    "title": "EVM-Based",
+    "description": "The Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) is a dedicated software virtual stack that executes smart contract bytecode and is integrated into each Ethereum node. Simply said, EVM is a software framework that allows developers to construct Ethereum-based decentralized applications (DApps). All Ethereum accounts and smart contracts are stored on this virtual computer.\n\nMany blockchains have forked the Ethereum blockchain and added functionality on top, these blockchains are referred to as EVM-based blockchains.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is Ethereum Virtual Machine?",
+        "url": "https://moralis.io/evm-explained-what-is-ethereum-virtual-machine/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about EVM",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/evm?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Understanding the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM): Concepts and Architecture",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kCswGz9naZg",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "EQgb4LqXnyq3gOX7Fb85s": {
+    "title": "Blockchains",
+    "description": "Blockchain systems vary considerably in their design, particularly with regard to the consensus mechanisms used to perform the essential task of verifying network data.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Types of Blockchains: PoW, PoS, and Private",
+        "url": "https://www.gemini.com/cryptopedia/blockchain-types-pow-pos-private",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Blockchain",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/blockchain?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "JLXIbP-y8C2YktIk3R12m": {
+    "title": "Ehereum",
+    "description": "Ethereum is a programmable blockchain platform with the capacity to support smart contracts, dapps (decentralized apps), and other DeFi projects. The Ethereum native token is the Ether (ETH), and it’s used to fuel operations on the blockchain.\n\nThe Ethereum platform launched in 2015, and it’s now the second largest form of crypto next to Bitcoin (BTC).\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Ethereum whitepaper",
+        "url": "https://ethereum.org/en/whitepaper/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Intro to Ethereum",
+        "url": "https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/intro-to-ethereum/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "A gentle introduction to Ethereum",
+        "url": "https://bitsonblocks.net/2016/10/02/gentle-introduction-ethereum/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Ethereum",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/ethereum?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "JNilHFQnnVDOz-Gz6eNo5": {
+    "title": "Polygon",
+    "description": "Polygon, formerly known as the Matic Network, is a protocol that allows anyone to create and exchange value, powered by zero-knowledge technology. Polygon provides multiple solutions including",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Polygon zkEVM",
+        "url": "https://polygon.technology/polygon-zkevm",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Polygon PoS",
+        "url": "https://polygon.technology/polygon-pos",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Polygon CDK",
+        "url": "https://polygon.technology/polygon-cdk",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Polygon ID",
+        "url": "https://polygon.technology/polygon-id",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Introduction to Polygon",
+        "url": "https://wiki.polygon.technology/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Polygon POL whitepaper",
+        "url": "https://polygon.technology/papers/pol-whitepaper",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "sJj-6wG5KjjzYYia_eo63": {
+    "title": "Binance Smart Chain",
+    "description": "Binance Smart Chain (also known as BNB Chain) is a blockchain project initiated by Binance as a central piece of their cryptocurrency exchange, which is the largest exchange in the world in terms of daily trading volume of cryptocurrencies.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Binance whitepaper",
+        "url": "https://www.exodus.com/assets/docs/binance-coin-whitepaper.pdf",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "BNB Chain overview",
+        "url": "https://www.binance.com/en/blog/all/bnb-chain-blockchain-for-exchanging-the-world-304219301536473088",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Crypto",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/crypto?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "UQ9AejYV6_Sk6ZJkXYWf7": {
+    "title": "Gnosis Chain",
+    "description": "Gnosis is a blockchain based on Ethereum, which changed the consensus model to PoS to solve major issues on the Ethereum mainnet. While the platform solves problems surrounding transaction fees and speed, it also means that the Gnosis chain is less decentralized, as it is somewhat reliant on the Ethereum chain.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Gnosis whitepaper",
+        "url": "https://blockchainlab.com/pdf/gnosis_whitepaper.pdf",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Gnosis overview",
+        "url": "https://developers.gnosischain.com/#gnosis-chain",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "PkRAYBZQAUAHxWEeCCX4U": {
+    "title": "Huobi Eco Chain",
+    "description": "Huobi's ECO Chain (also known as HECO) is a public blockchain that provides developers with a low-cost onchain environment for running decentralized apps (dApps) of smart contracts and storing digital assets.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Huobi Eco Chain whitepaper",
+        "url": "https://www.hecochain.com/developer.133bd45.pdf",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Introduction to HECO Chain",
+        "url": "https://docs.hecochain.com/#/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "txQ9U1wcnZkQVh6B49krk": {
+    "title": "Avalanche",
+    "description": "Avalanche describes itself as an “open, programmable smart contracts platform for decentralized applications.” What does that mean? Like many other decentralized protocols, Avalanche has its own token called AVAX, which is used to pay transaction fees and can be staked to secure the network.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Avalanche whitepaper",
+        "url": "https://assets.website-files.com/5d80307810123f5ffbb34d6e/6008d7bbf8b10d1eb01e7e16_Avalanche%20Platform%20Whitepaper.pdf",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Avalanche official website",
+        "url": "https://www.avax.network/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "trcGwYcFW5LQUUrAcbUf_": {
+    "title": "Fantom",
+    "description": "Fantom is a decentralized, open-source smart contract platform that supports decentralized applications (dApps) and digital assets. It's one of many blockchain networks built as a faster, more efficient alternative to Ethereum, it uses the proof-of-stake consensus mechanism.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Fantom whitepaper",
+        "url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/1810.10360.pdf",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Fantom overview",
+        "url": "https://docs.fantom.foundation/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "VVbvueVMJKLUoJYhbJB1z": {
+    "title": "Moonbeam / Moonriver",
+    "description": "Moonbeam is a Polkadot network parachain that promises cross-chain interoperability between the Ethereum and Polkadot . More specifically, Moonbeam is a smart contract platform that enables developers to move dApps between the two networks without having to rewrite code or redeploy infrastructure.\n\nMoonriver is an incentivized testnet. It enables developers to create, test, and adjust their protocols prior to launching on Moonbeam. Moonbeam is the mainnet of the ecosystem.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "About Moonbream",
+        "url": "https://docs.moonbeam.network/learn/platform/networks/moonbeam/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Moonbeam Vision",
+        "url": "https://docs.moonbeam.network/learn/platform/vision/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "YC385OLECWjpZjVeWKksO": {
+    "title": "Everscale",
+    "description": "Everscale is a layer-1 PoS blockchain network of the 5th generation. It is one of the most technologically advanced blockchain networks, and that is not a marketing exaggeration. Everscale incorporates all the blockchain innovations and concepts of recent years. Its versatility helps it develop as a decentralized hub for many blockchains and resource-demanding applications such as GameFi, DeFi, micro-transactions, real-time bidding, etc.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Everscale site",
+        "url": "https://everscale.network",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Everscale Whitepaper",
+        "url": "https://everscale.network/docs/everscale-whitepaper.pdf",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Documentation",
+        "url": "https://docs.everscale.network/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Guide",
+        "url": "https://everscale.guide/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "5MGtl00EEZdSnJdrNYPJ7": {
+    "title": "Gosh",
+    "description": "Gosh is a development platform that is purpose-built for securing the software supply chain and extracting the value locked in projects. It is the first blockchain-based platform for software development, which allows developers and businesses to create products in a familiar, straightforward, and safe way.\n\nOn Gosh, every operation, commit, and transaction is trustless, traceable, and transparent. This means that developers can build composable, censorship-resistant repositories, and monetize their open source projects by turning them into a DAO.\n\nGosh is built on cryptography, decentralization, and consensus, which means that repositories have no owner and are managed in a decentralized way. Developers can use Gosh like they use Git and turn any Gosh repository into a DAO and configure it to suit their needs. They can also fund their DAO and use DeFi applications to incentivize code security.\n\nWith Gosh, builds are no longer at risk. From source code on Gosh to Docker container, developers can be sure that their build is safe. Mission-critical applications can also write their scripts as formally verified smart contracts to get rid of holes in the CI/CD process.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Gosh site",
+        "url": "https://gosh.sh/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Gosh Documentation",
+        "url": "https://docs.gosh.sh/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Gosh Web",
+        "url": "https://app.gosh.sh/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Docker Extension",
+        "url": "https://docs.gosh.sh/working-with-gosh/docker-extension/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Git Remote Helper",
+        "url": "https://docs.gosh.sh/working-with-gosh/git-remote-helper/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "4tAyunbYVwlbzybuVq7fr": {
+    "title": "TON",
+    "description": "TON is a fully decentralized layer-1 blockchain designed by Telegram to onboard billions of users. It boasts ultra-fast transactions, tiny fees, easy-to-use apps, and is environmentally friendly.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "TON Telegram integration highlights synergy of blockchain community",
+        "url": "https://cointelegraph.com/news/ton-telegram-integration-highlights-synergy-of-blockchain-community",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Start building on The Open Network",
+        "url": "https://ton.org/dev",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "TON Introduction",
+        "url": "https://ton.org/docs/learn/introduction",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Blockchain analysis",
+        "url": "https://ton.org/analysis",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "3HCpgWWPIkhK3gPRJuJQf": {
+    "title": "Venom",
+    "description": "The Venom Foundation is the first crypto foundation licensed in UAE's ADGM and is set to launch its blockchain platform soon. The platform uses asynchronous blockchain technology of dynamical sharding, which enables boundless scalability, higher security guarantees with decentralization, and manages the gross data transaction flows without faltering by increasing fees and transaction times. The foundation aims to develop and support a self-sufficient blockchain ecosystem with non-custodial wallet options, transparent transaction histories, interchain transactions, staking on validator nodes, and a native decentralized exchange, among others.\n\nThe MENA region entrepreneurs are considered pioneers in global crypto trend adoption, and the foundation's customizable approach is well-suited to bridging different dimensions of market participants. The platform has a panel of industry leaders and seasoned investors, and the project is generating attention in MENA due to its transactional management possibilities, higher security, and inbound governmental database projects. The foundation will work with ecosystem participants to offer new products such as NFT marketplace, derivative exchange, fiat-backed stablecoin, and others to come with the potential to become a bridge towards wide adoption of CBDC in the UAE, other MENA countries and globally.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Venom site",
+        "url": "https://venom.foundation",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Venom whitepaper",
+        "url": "https://venom.foundation/Venom_Whitepaper.pdf",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Venom Documentation",
+        "url": "https://docs.venom.foundation/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore Grants",
+        "url": "https://venom.foundation/#explore_grants",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "miBEG3x_foKYxwfX4Tr4f": {
+    "title": "TVM-Based",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "i_Dw3kUZ7qKPG-tk-sFPf": {
+    "title": "L2 Blockchains",
+    "description": "Layer-2 refers to a network or technology that operates on top of an underlying blockchain protocol to improve its scalability and efficiency.\n\nThis category of scaling solutions entails shifting a portion of Ethereum's transactional burden to an adjacent system architecture, which then handles the brunt of the network’s processing and only subsequently reports back to Ethereum to finalize its results.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Layer-1 and Layer-2 Blockchain Scaling Solutions",
+        "url": "https://www.gemini.com/cryptopedia/blockchain-layer-2-network-layer-1-network",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Layer 2 - Binance Academy",
+        "url": "https://academy.binance.com/en/glossary/layer-2",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Develop a ZK-powered Layer 2 with the Polygon CDK open-source framework",
+        "url": "https://wiki.polygon.technology/docs/cdk/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Blockchain",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/blockchain?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "ixTIn2Uhs-i5-UPt9jKAa": {
+    "title": "Arbitrum",
+    "description": "Arbitrum aims to reduce transaction fees and congestion by moving as much computation and data storage off of Ethereum's main blockchain (layer 1) as it can. Storing data off of Ethereum's blockchain is known as Layer 2 scaling solutions.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Arbitrum whitepaper",
+        "url": "https://www.usenix.org/system/files/conference/usenixsecurity18/sec18-kalodner.pdf",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Inside Arbitrum",
+        "url": "https://developer.offchainlabs.com/docs/Inside_Arbitrum",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "Ib9STGxQa8yeoB-GFeGDE": {
+    "title": "Moonbeam / Moonriver",
+    "description": "Moonbeam is a Polkadot network parachain that promises cross-chain interoperability between the Ethereum and Polkadot . More specifically, Moonbeam is a smart contract platform that enables developers to move dApps between the two networks without having to rewrite code or redeploy infrastructure.\n\nMoonriver is an incentivized testnet. It enables developers to create, test, and adjust their protocols prior to launching on Moonbeam. Moonbeam is the mainnet of the ecosystem.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "About Moonbeam",
+        "url": "https://docs.moonbeam.network/learn/platform/networks/moonbeam/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Moonbeam Vision",
+        "url": "https://docs.moonbeam.network/learn/platform/vision/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "hlcavpstLnXkJcjccQUL8": {
+    "title": "TVM-Based",
+    "description": "TVM-based blockchain is a type of blockchain that uses the Telegram Open Network Virtual Machine (TVM) for executing smart contracts. This allows for fast and efficient execution of smart contracts and enables developers to create decentralized applications.\n\nBoC stands for Bag of Cells, and it refers to the data structure used in the TVM-based blockchain to store all the information related to a smart contract. This includes the code of the contract, its state, and other relevant data. The Bag of Cells is a highly efficient data structure that allows for fast and secure storage of smart contract data.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Original specification",
+        "url": "https://ton.org/tvm.pdf",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Everscale VM specification",
+        "url": "https://docs.everscale.network/tvm.pdf",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "sK8G-41D3EfYNSLFJ3XYf": {
+    "title": "Oracles",
+    "description": "A blockchain oracle is a third-party service that connects smart contracts with the outside world, primarily to feed information in from the world, but also the reverse. Information from the world encapsulates multiple sources so that decentralized knowledge is obtained.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Blockchain Oracle",
+        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blockchain_oracle",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What Is a Blockchain Oracle?",
+        "url": "https://chain.link/education/blockchain-oracles",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Blockchain",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/blockchain?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "JbgBwG6KmeTdyle9U6WAv": {
+    "title": "Hybrid Smart Contracts",
+    "description": "Hybrid smart contracts combine code running on the blockchain (on-chain) with data and computation from outside the blockchain (off-chain) provided by Decentralized Oracle Networks.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Hybrid Smart Contracts Explained",
+        "url": "https://blog.chain.link/hybrid-smart-contracts-explained/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "A complete guide to understand hybrid smart contracts",
+        "url": "https://www.leewayhertz.com/hybrid-smart-contracts/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "omQOhNfMO09pBc7oy76Wo": {
+    "title": "Chainlink",
+    "description": "Chainlink is a decentralized network of oracles that enables smart contracts to securely interact with real-world data and services that exist outside of blockchain networks.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What Is Chainlink? A Beginner’s Guide",
+        "url": "https://blog.chain.link/what-is-chainlink/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What Is Chainlink in 5 Minutes",
+        "url": "https://www.gemini.com/cryptopedia/what-is-chainlink-and-how-does-it-work",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "CzfsAQIk3zIsDaDAorG9K": {
+    "title": "Oracle Networks",
+    "description": "By leveraging many different data sources, and implementing an oracle system that isn’t controlled by a single entity, decentralized oracle networks provide an increased level of security and fairness to smart contracts.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Decentralized Oracle Networks",
+        "url": "https://medium.com/coinmonks/decentralized-oracle-networks-9fead28f5fe5",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "A Beginner’s Guide To The Evolution Of Decentralized Oracle Networks",
+        "url": "https://chainlinktoday.com/a-beginners-guide-to-the-evolution-of-decentralized-oracle-networks/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Understanding Blockchain Oracle",
+        "url": "https://chain.link/education/blockchain-oracles",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Oracle",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/oracle?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "BV6lEwCAKaYxSPWD0LV_d": {
+    "title": "Smart Contracts",
+    "description": "A smart contract is a computer program or a transaction protocol that is intended to automatically execute, control or document legally relevant events and actions according to the terms of a contract or an agreement.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What Are Smart Contracts and How Do They Work?",
+        "url": "https://chain.link/education/smart-contracts",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Smart Contracts",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/smart-contracts?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Smart contracts - Simply Explained",
+        "url": "https://youtu.be/ZE2HxTmxfrI",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "chaIKoE1uE8rpZLkDSfV-": {
+    "title": "Solidity",
+    "description": "Solidity is an object-oriented programming language created specifically by Ethereum Network team for constructing smart contracts on various blockchain platforms, most notably, Ethereum.\n\n*   It's used to create smart contracts that implements business logic and generate a chain of transaction records in the blockchain system.\n*   It acts as a tool for creating machine-level code and compiling it on the Ethereum Vitural Machine (EVM).\n\nLike any other programming languages, Solidity also has variables, functions, classes, arithmetic operations, string manipulation, and many more.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Solidity Programming Language",
+        "url": "https://soliditylang.org/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Solidity Tutorial",
+        "url": "https://www.tutorialspoint.com/solidity/index.htm",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Solidity",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/solidity?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Solidity Course by FreeCodeCamp",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ipwxYa-F1uY",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Solidity Course by Dapp University",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EhPeHeoKF88",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Learn Blockchain, Solidity, and Full Stack Web3 Development",
+        "url": "https://youtu.be/gyMwXuJrbJQ",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "jgHa_LeCac0pl6dSADizF": {
+    "title": "Vyper",
+    "description": "Vyper is a contract-oriented, pythonic programming language that targets the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM).\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Vyper Programming Language",
+        "url": "https://vyper.readthedocs.io/en/stable/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Learn Vyper in Y Minutes",
+        "url": "https://learnxinyminutes.com/docs/vyper/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "Larbhjzi-MnPQKH1Pzn2R": {
+    "title": "Rust",
+    "description": "Rust is a multi-paradigm, general-purpose programming language. Rust emphasizes performance, type safety, and concurrency. It is popular on smart contract chains Solana and Polkadot.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Rust Programming Language",
+        "url": "https://www.rust-lang.org/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How to write and deploy a smart contract in Rust",
+        "url": "https://docs.near.org/tutorials/nfts/introduction",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Rust",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/rust?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "IXs4nUzy_A5vBjI_44kaT": {
+    "title": "Unit Tests",
+    "description": "Unit testing involves testing individual components in a smart contract for correctness. A unit test is simple, quick to run, and provides a clear idea of what went wrong if the test fails.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Smart Contracts Unit Testing",
+        "url": "https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/smart-contracts/testing/#unit-testing",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Tips for Unit Testing Ethereum Smart Contracts in Solidity",
+        "url": "https://betterprogramming.pub/a-few-tips-for-unit-testing-ethereum-smart-contract-in-solidity-d804062068fb",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Testing",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/testing?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "QNfnbUGkT3N-pj5epnHcM": {
+    "title": "Integration Tests",
+    "description": "Integration tests validate interactions between multiple components. For smart contract testing this can mean interactions between different components of a single contract, or across multiple contracts.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Testing",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/testing?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Unit tests vs integration tests | Smart contract testing course",
+        "url": "https://youtu.be/GxnX9k8i0zM",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "4V-dj9x9hSAAGCxpBWsbE": {
+    "title": "Code Coverage",
+    "description": "Code coverage is a metric that can help you understand how much of your source is tested. It's a very useful metric that can help you assess the quality of your test suite.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Testing Smart Contracts",
+        "url": "https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/smart-contracts/testing/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Smart Contract Code Coverage In Hardhat",
+        "url": "https://medium.com/coinmonks/smart-contract-code-coverage-in-hardhat-d4a5ff6c9ba6",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about General Programming",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/general-programming?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "7goaYnedUlfgfl5qApoO2": {
+    "title": "Deployment",
+    "description": "Unlike other software, smart contracts don’t run on a local computer or a remote server: they live on the blockchain. Thus, interacting with them is different from more traditional applications.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Deploying Smart Contracts",
+        "url": "https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/smart-contracts/deploying/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Deploying and interacting with smart contracts",
+        "url": "https://docs.openzeppelin.com/learn/deploying-and-interacting",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about CI/CD",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/cicd?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "H3jNM_0sJrB7ZbYzrVhF7": {
+    "title": "Monitoring",
+    "description": "Monitoring smart contracts allow their authors to view its activity and interactions based on generated transactions and events, allowing verification of the contract's intended purpose and functionality.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Monitoring Smart Contracts",
+        "url": "https://consensys.github.io/smart-contract-best-practices/development-recommendations/solidity-specific/event-monitoring/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Monitoring",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/monitoring?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "OotJnHgm622NQJc2WRI7c": {
+    "title": "Upgrades",
+    "description": "Smart contracts are immutable by default. Once they are created there is no way to alter them, effectively acting as an unbreakable contract among participants. However, for some scenarios, it is desirable to be able to modify them.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Upgrading Ethereum contracts",
+        "url": "https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/smart-contracts/upgrading/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Upgrading smart contracts",
+        "url": "https://docs.openzeppelin.com/learn/upgrading-smart-contracts",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What are Upgradable Smart Contracts? Full Guide",
+        "url": "https://moralis.io/what-are-upgradable-smart-contracts-full-guide/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Upgrading your Smart Contracts | A Tutorial & Introduction",
+        "url": "https://youtu.be/bdXJmWajZRY",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "bjUuL7WALETzgFxL6-ivU": {
+    "title": "ERC Tokens",
+    "description": "An ‘Ethereum Request for Comments’ (ERC) is a document that programmers use to write smart contracts on Ethereum Blockchain. They describe rules in these documents that Ethereum-based tokens must comply with.\n\nWhile there are several Ethereum standards. These ERC Ethereum standards are the most well-known and popular: ERC-20, ERC-721, ERC-1155, and ERC-777.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What are Ethereum request for comments (ERC) Standards",
+        "url": "https://dev.to/envoy_/ks-what-are-ethereum-request-for-comments-erc-standards-5f80",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "ERC-20 Token Standard",
+        "url": "https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/standards/tokens/erc-20/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "ERC-721 Token Standard (NFTs)",
+        "url": "https://decrypt.co/resources/erc-721-ethereum-nft-token-standard",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "ERC-1155 Token Standard (Multi-Token)",
+        "url": "https://decrypt.co/resources/what-is-erc-1155-ethereums-flexible-token-standard",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "SM8Wt3iNM_nncLj69KCuy": {
+    "title": "Crypto Wallets",
+    "description": "A cryptocurrency wallet is a device, physical medium, program, or service which stores the public and/or private keys for cryptocurrency transactions. In addition to this basic function of storing the keys, a cryptocurrency wallet more often also offers the functionality of encrypting and/or signing information.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is a crypto wallet?",
+        "url": "https://www.coinbase.com/learn/crypto-basics/what-is-a-crypto-wallet",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is a Crypto Wallet? A Beginner’s Guide",
+        "url": "https://crypto.com/university/crypto-wallets",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Crypto",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/crypto?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "lXukWXEatsF87EWFSYyOO": {
+    "title": "IDEs",
+    "description": "An integrated development environment is a software application that provides comprehensive facilities to computer programmers for software development. An IDE normally consists of at least a source code editor, build automation tools and a debugger.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Integrated Development Environments",
+        "url": "https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/ides/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Remix - Ethereum IDE & community",
+        "url": "https://remix-project.org/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about DevTools",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/devtools?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "S68IUKs0k_FFHEH97xxs7": {
+    "title": "Crypto Faucets",
+    "description": "A crypto faucet lets users earn small crypto rewards by completing simple tasks. The metaphor is based on how even one drop of water from a leaky faucet could eventually fill up a cup. There are various kinds of crypto faucets, including bitcoin (BTC), Ethereum (ETH), and BNB faucets.\n\nFaucets are common in development environments where developers obtain testnet crypto in order develop and test their application prior to mainnet deployment.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What Is A Crypto Faucet?",
+        "url": "https://academy.binance.com/en/articles/what-is-a-crypto-faucet",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What are crypto faucets and how do they work?",
+        "url": "https://cointelegraph.com/news/what-are-crypto-faucets-and-how-do-they-work",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Crypto",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/crypto?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "tvk1Wh04BcFbAAwYWMx27": {
+    "title": "Decentralized Storage",
+    "description": "Decentralized storage is where data is stored on a decentralized network across multiple locations by users or groups who are incentivized to join, store, and keep data accessible. The servers used are hosted by people, rather than a single company. Anyone is free to join, they are kept honest due to smart contracts, and they are incentivized to participate via tokens.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What Is Decentralized Storage?",
+        "url": "https://medium.com/@ppio/what-is-decentralized-storage-9c4b761942e2",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Decentralized Storage",
+        "url": "https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/storage/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Decentralized",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/decentralized?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "KRtEN0845lV5e85SOi6oZ": {
+    "title": "Smart Contract Frameworks",
+    "description": "Building a full-fledged dapp requires different pieces of technology. Software frameworks include many of the needed features or provide easy plugin systems to pick the tools you desire.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "dApp Development Frameworks",
+        "url": "https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/frameworks/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "A Definitive List of Ethereum Developer Tools - Frameworks",
+        "url": "https://media.consensys.net/an-definitive-list-of-ethereum-developer-tools-2159ce865974#frameworks",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Top 10 Smart Contract Developer Tools You Need for 2022",
+        "url": "https://medium.com/better-programming/top-10-smart-contract-developer-tools-you-need-for-2022-b763f5df689a",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "l110d4NqTQt9lfEoxqXMX": {
+    "title": "Hardhat",
+    "description": "Hardhat is an Ethereum development environment. It allows users to compile contracts and run them on a development network. Get Solidity stack traces, console.log and more.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Hardhat Overview",
+        "url": "https://hardhat.org/hardhat-runner/docs/getting-started#overview",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Hardhat",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/hardhat?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Build and Deploy Smart Contracts using Hardhat",
+        "url": "https://youtu.be/GBc3lBrXEBo",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "Q64AbQlvYPiqJl8BtoJj9": {
+    "title": "Brownie",
+    "description": "Brownie is a Python-based development and testing framework for smart contracts targeting the Ethereum Virtual Machine.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Brownie Overview",
+        "url": "https://eth-brownie.readthedocs.io/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Python and Blockchain: Deploy Smart Contracts using Brownie",
+        "url": "https://youtu.be/QfFO22lwSw4",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "Vl9XHtc22HnqaCnF9yJv9": {
+    "title": "Truffle",
+    "description": "A development environment, testing framework, and asset pipeline for blockchains using the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM), aiming to make life as a developer easier.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Truffle Overview",
+        "url": "https://trufflesuite.com/docs/truffle/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Truffle Tutorial for Beginners | Compile, Test & Deploy Smart contracts to any EVM Blockchain",
+        "url": "https://youtu.be/62f757RVEvU",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "F1EUAxODBJ3GEoh7cqM-K": {
+    "title": "Foundry",
+    "description": "Foundry is a smart contract development toolchain. Foundry manages your dependencies, compiles your project, runs tests, deploys, and lets you interact with the chain from the command-line and via Solidity scripts.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Foundry Overview",
+        "url": "https://book.getfoundry.sh/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Intro to Foundry",
+        "url": "https://youtu.be/fNMfMxGxeag",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "snQA5_4H2dDkT1pENgaYD": {
+    "title": "Security",
+    "description": "Smart contracts are extremely flexible, capable of both holding large quantities of tokens (often in excess of $1B) and running immutable logic based on previously deployed smart contract code. While this has created a vibrant and creative ecosystem of trustless, interconnected smart contracts, it is also the perfect ecosystem to attract attackers looking to profit by exploiting vulnerabilities\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Smart Contract Security",
+        "url": "https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/smart-contracts/security/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Ethereum Smart Contract Security Recommendations",
+        "url": "https://consensys.net/blog/developers/ethereum-smart-contract-security-recommendations/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Blockchain",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/blockchain?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "UOF7Ep97i1l3Own6YEWlq": {
+    "title": "Practices",
+    "description": "Smart contract programming requires a different engineering mindset. The cost of failure can be high, and change can be difficult.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Ethereum Smart Contract Security Best Practices",
+        "url": "https://consensys.github.io/smart-contract-best-practices/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Smart Contract Security and Auditing 101",
+        "url": "https://youtu.be/0aJfCug1zTM",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "wypJdjTW4jHm9FCqv7Lhb": {
+    "title": "Fuzz Testing & Static Analysis",
+    "description": "Fuzzing or fuzz testing is an automated software testing technique that involves providing invalid, unexpected, or random data as inputs to a smart contract.\n\nStatic analysis is the analysis of smart contracts performed without executing them.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Getting Started with Smart Contract Fuzzing",
+        "url": "https://www.immunebytes.com/blog/getting-started-with-smart-contract-fuzzing/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Solidity smart contract Static Code Analysis",
+        "url": "https://lightrains.com/blogs/solidity-static-analysis-tools/#static-code-analysis",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Testing",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/testing?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Smart contract Fuzzing",
+        "url": "https://youtu.be/LRyyNzrqgOc",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "GxD-KybtmkwT3wqDzIfHp": {
+    "title": "Common Threat Vectors",
+    "description": "Smart contract audits enable developers to provide a thorough analysis of smart contract sets. The main goal of a smart contract audit is to detect and eliminate vulnerabilities, starting with the most common threat vectors.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Smart Contract Attack Vectors",
+        "url": "https://github.com/kadenzipfel/smart-contract-attack-vectors",
+        "type": "opensource"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Solidity Security: Comprehensive list of known attack vectors and common anti-patterns",
+        "url": "https://blog.sigmaprime.io/solidity-security.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Blockchain Attack Vectors: Vulnerabilities of the Most Secure Technology",
+        "url": "https://www.apriorit.com/dev-blog/578-blockchain-attack-vectors",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "f60P5RNNdgCbrhDDzkY25": {
+    "title": "Source of Randomness Attacks",
+    "description": "The security of cryptographic systems depends on some secret data that is known to authorized persons but unknown and unpredictable to others. To achieve this unpredictability, some randomization is typically employed. Modern cryptographic protocols often require frequent generation of random quantities. Cryptographic attacks that subvert or exploit weaknesses in this process are known as randomness attacks.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Smart Contract Randomness or ReplicatedLogic Attack",
+        "url": "https://blog.finxter.com/randomness-or-replicatedlogic-attack-on-smart-contracts/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Security",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/security?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "n3pipnNb76aaQeUwrDLk_": {
+    "title": "Tools",
+    "description": "Blockchain and smart contract technology is fairly new, therefore, you should expect constant changes in the security landscape, as new bugs and security risks are discovered, and new best practices are developed. Keeping track of this constantly moving landscape proves difficult, so using tools to aid this mission is important. The cost of failing to properly secure smart contracts can be high, and because change can be difficult, we must make use of these tools.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "YA3-7EZBRW-T-8HuVI7lk": {
+    "title": "Slither",
+    "description": "Slither is a Solidity static analysis framework written in Python 3. It runs a suite of vulnerability detectors, prints visual information about contract details, and provides an API to easily write custom analyses. Slither enables developers to find vulnerabilities, enhance their code comprehension, and quickly prototype custom analyses.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Slither, the Solidity source analyzer",
+        "url": "https://github.com/crytic/slither/blob/master/README.md",
+        "type": "opensource"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "twR3UdzUNSztjpwbAUT4F": {
+    "title": "Manticore",
+    "description": "Manticore is a symbolic execution tool for analysis of smart contracts and binaries.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Manticore Docs",
+        "url": "https://manticore.readthedocs.io/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "XIgczUc3yKo6kw-_3gskC": {
+    "title": "MythX",
+    "description": "MythX is a comprehensive smart contract security analysis tools developed by Consensys. It allows users to detect security vulnerabilities in Ethereum smart contracts throughout the development life cycle as well as analyze Solidity dapps for security holes and known smart contract vulnerabilities.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "MythX Official Site",
+        "url": "https://mythx.io/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "MythX Documentation",
+        "url": "https://docs.mythx.io/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "U4H62lVac8wIgxNJ3N3ga": {
+    "title": "Echidna",
+    "description": "Echidna is a Haskell program designed for fuzzing/property-based testing of Ethereum smarts contracts. It uses sophisticated grammar-based fuzzing campaigns based on a contract ABI to falsify user-defined predicates or Solidity assertions.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Echidna: A Fast Smart Contract Fuzzer",
+        "url": "https://github.com/crytic/echidna/blob/master/README.md",
+        "type": "opensource"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "fbESHQGYqxKRi-5DW8TY3": {
+    "title": "Management Platforms",
+    "description": "Managing smart contracts in a production environment (mainnet) can prove difficult as users must keep track of different versions, blockchains, deployments, etc. Using a tool for this process eliminates a lot of the risk that comes with manual tracking.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "qox-x_q-Q7aWcNFWD7RkT": {
+    "title": "OpenZeppelin",
+    "description": "OpenZeppelin Contracts helps you minimize risk by using battle-tested libraries of smart contracts for Ethereum and other blockchains. It includes the most used implementations of ERC standards.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "OpenZeppelin Contracts",
+        "url": "https://docs.openzeppelin.com/contracts/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "Fs9rcEh_f9fJ2tF-bkAUE": {
+    "title": "Version Control Systems",
+    "description": "Version control/source control systems allow developers to track and control changes to code over time. These services often include the ability to make atomic revisions to code, branch/fork off of specific points, and to compare versions of code. They are useful in determining the who, what, when, and why code changes were made.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Git",
+        "url": "https://git-scm.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Mercurial",
+        "url": "https://www.mercurial-scm.org/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is Version Control?",
+        "url": "https://www.atlassian.com/git/tutorials/what-is-version-control",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "gpS5CckcQZX3TMFQ2jtIL": {
+    "title": "Git",
+    "description": "[Git](https://git-scm.com/) is a free and open source distributed version control system designed to handle everything from small to very large projects with speed and efficiency.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Learn Git with Tutorials, News and Tips - Atlassian",
+        "url": "https://www.atlassian.com/git",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Git Cheat Sheet",
+        "url": "https://cs.fyi/guide/git-cheatsheet",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Git",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/git?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Git & GitHub Crash Course For Beginners",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SWYqp7iY_Tc",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "oSK3MRQD_4j1gGDORN7RO": {
+    "title": "Repo Hosting Services",
+    "description": "When working on a team, you often need a remote place to put your code so others can access it, create their own branches, and create or review pull requests. These services often include issue tracking, code review, and continuous integration features. A few popular choices are GitHub, GitLab, BitBucket, and AWS CodeCommit.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "GitHub",
+        "url": "https://github.com/features/",
+        "type": "opensource"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "GitLab",
+        "url": "https://about.gitlab.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "BitBucket",
+        "url": "https://bitbucket.org/product/guides/getting-started/overview",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How to choose the best source code repository",
+        "url": "https://bitbucket.org/product/code-repository",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "GOgeaQoRvqg-7mAfL_A8t": {
+    "title": "GitHub",
+    "description": "GitHub is a provider of Internet hosting for software development and version control using Git. It offers the distributed version control and source code management functionality of Git, plus its own features.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "GitHub Website",
+        "url": "https://github.com",
+        "type": "opensource"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "GitHub Documentation",
+        "url": "https://docs.github.com/en/get-started/quickstart",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How to Use Git in a Professional Dev Team",
+        "url": "https://ooloo.io/project/github-flow",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about GitHub",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/github?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is GitHub?",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w3jLJU7DT5E",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Git vs. GitHub: Whats the difference?",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wpISo9TNjfU",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Git and GitHub for Beginners",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RGOj5yH7evk",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Git and GitHub - CS50 Beyond 2019",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eulnSXkhE7I",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "CWqwv4asouS-dssAwIdxv": {
+    "title": "GitLab",
+    "description": "GitLab is a provider of internet hosting for software development and version control using Git. It offers the distributed version control and source code management functionality of Git, plus its own features.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "GitLab Website",
+        "url": "https://gitlab.com/",
+        "type": "opensource"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "GitLab Documentation",
+        "url": "https://docs.gitlab.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about GitLab",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/gitlab?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "TMPB62h9LGIA0pMmjfUun": {
+    "title": "Bitbucket",
+    "description": "Bitbucket is a Git based hosting and source code repository service that is Atlassian's alternative to other products like GitHub, GitLab etc\n\nBitbucket offers hosting options via Bitbucket Cloud (Atlassian's servers), Bitbucket Server (customer's on-premise) or Bitbucket Data Centre (number of servers in customers on-premise or cloud environment)\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Bitbucket Website",
+        "url": "https://bitbucket.org/product",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "A brief overview of Bitbucket",
+        "url": "https://bitbucket.org/product/guides/getting-started/overview#a-brief-overview-of-bitbucket",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Getting started with Bitbucket",
+        "url": "https://bitbucket.org/product/guides/basics/bitbucket-interface",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Using Git with Bitbucket Cloud",
+        "url": "https://www.atlassian.com/git/tutorials/learn-git-with-bitbucket-cloud",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Bitbucket",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/bitbucket?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Bitbucket tutorial | How to use Bitbucket Cloud",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M44nEyd_5To",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Bitbucket Tutorial | Bitbucket for Beginners",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i5T-DB8tb4A",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "SXXvFtf_7Rx64cHSEWxMS": {
+    "title": "dApps - Decentralized Applications",
+    "description": "A decentralized application (dApp) is an application that can operate autonomously, through the use of smart contracts that run on a blockchain. Like traditional applications, dApps provide some function or utility to its users.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Introduction to dApps",
+        "url": "https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/dapps/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What Is a Dapp? Decentralized Apps Explained",
+        "url": "https://www.coindesk.com/learn/what-is-a-dapp-decentralized-apps-explained/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "aATSuiqPG-yctr3ChEBa_": {
+    "title": "Applicability",
+    "description": "dApps can be used for just about anything that requires two or more parties to agree on something. When the appropriate conditions are met, the smart contract will execute automatically. An important differentiation is that these transactions are no longer based on trust but they are rather based on cryptographically-backed smart contracts.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What Is a dApp? A Guide to Decentralized Applications",
+        "url": "https://www.sofi.com/learn/content/what-is-a-dapp/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Blockchain Use Cases and Applications by Industry",
+        "url": "https://consensys.net/blockchain-use-cases/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "The real-world use cases for blockchain technology",
+        "url": "https://roboticsandautomationnews.com/2022/05/20/the-real-world-use-cases-for-blockchain-technology/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "1AhombZUkZN6Ra5fysSpg": {
+    "title": "Defi",
+    "description": "Decentralized finance offers financial instruments without relying on intermediaries such as brokerages, exchanges, or banks by using smart contracts on a blockchain.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Decentralized Finance (DeFi) Definition",
+        "url": "https://www.investopedia.com/decentralized-finance-defi-5113835",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is DeFi?",
+        "url": "https://www.coinbase.com/learn/crypto-basics/what-is-defi",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about DeFi",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/defi?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is DeFi? (Decentralized Finance Animated)",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=17QRFlml4pA",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "RsoOgixZlyQU6h7nIaY9J": {
+    "title": "DAOs",
+    "description": "A decentralized autonomous organization (DAO) is an emerging form of legal structure. With no central governing body, every member within a DAO typically shares a common goal and attempt to act in the best interest of the entity. Popularized through cryptocurrency enthusiasts and blockchain technology, DAOs are used to make decisions in a bottoms-up management approach.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What Is A DAO And How Do They Work?",
+        "url": "https://consensys.net/blog/blockchain-explained/what-is-a-dao-and-how-do-they-work/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Decentralized Autonomous Organization (DAO)",
+        "url": "https://www.investopedia.com/tech/what-dao/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "e4OHLOfa_AqEShpMQe6Dx": {
+    "title": "NFTs",
+    "description": "A non-fungible token (NFT) is a financial security consisting of digital data stored in a blockchain, a form of distributed ledger. The ownership of an NFT is recorded in the blockchain, and can be transferred by the owner, allowing NFTs to be sold and traded.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Non-Fungible Token (NFT)",
+        "url": "https://www.investopedia.com/non-fungible-tokens-nft-5115211",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "NFTs, explained",
+        "url": "https://www.theverge.com/22310188/nft-explainer-what-is-blockchain-crypto-art-faq",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about NFT",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/nft?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "NFT Explained In 5 Minutes | What Is NFT? - Non Fungible Token",
+        "url": "https://youtu.be/NNQLJcJEzv0",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "vTGSDThkDDHvCanNlgP07": {
+    "title": "Payments",
+    "description": "Blockchain technology has the ability to eliminate all the tolls exacted by centralized organization when transferring payments.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "How does blockchain impact global payments and remittances?",
+        "url": "https://consensys.net/blockchain-use-cases/finance/#payments",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Smart Contract Use Cases - Payments",
+        "url": "https://blog.chain.link/smart-contract-use-cases/#external-payments",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "uMXcKCUoUN8-Hq_IOBRCp": {
+    "title": "Insurance",
+    "description": "Blockchain technology has the ability to automate claims functions by verifying real-world data through the use of an oracle. It also automates payments between parties for claims and thus lower administrative costs for insurance companies.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Smart Contract Use Cases - Insurance",
+        "url": "https://blog.chain.link/smart-contract-use-cases/#insurance",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Top 7 Use Cases of Blockchain in the Insurance Industry",
+        "url": "https://imaginovation.net/blog/blockchain-insurance-industry-examples/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "dDPhMNPpl3rZh3EgXy13P": {
+    "title": "Node as a Service",
+    "description": "Running your own blockchain node can be challenging, especially when getting started or while scaling fast. There are a number of services that run optimized node infrastructures for you, so you can focus on developing your application or product instead.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Blockchain Node Providers and How They Work",
+        "url": "https://www.infoq.com/articles/blockchain-as-a-service-get-block/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Node as a Service - Ethereum",
+        "url": "https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/nodes-and-clients/nodes-as-a-service/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "lOoubzXNILBk18jGsc-JX": {
+    "title": "Alchemy",
+    "description": "Alchemy is a developer platform that empowers companies to build scalable and reliable decentralized applications without the hassle of managing blockchain infrastructure in-house.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Alchemy official site",
+        "url": "https://www.alchemy.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "hJmNuEMHaMSM0QQlABFRS": {
+    "title": "Infura",
+    "description": "Infura provides the tools and infrastructure that allow developers to easily take their blockchain application from testing to scaled deployment - with simple, reliable access to Ethereum and IPFS.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Infura official site",
+        "url": "https://infura.io/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "pJhR9OQo8YFQmAZXQbikJ": {
+    "title": "Moralis",
+    "description": "Moralis provides a single workflow for building high performance dapps. Fully compatible with your favorite web3 tools and services.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Moralis official site",
+        "url": "https://moralis.io/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Moralis",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/moralis?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "FGih8w9We52PHpBnnGO6H": {
+    "title": "Quicknode",
+    "description": "QuickNode is a Web3 developer platform used to build and scale blockchain applications.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Quicknode official site",
+        "url": "https://www.quicknode.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "NK02dunI3i6C6z7krENCC": {
+    "title": "Supporting Languages",
+    "description": "While the bulk of the logic in blockchain applications is handled by smart contracts, all the surrounding services that support those smart contracts (frontend, monitoring, etc.) are often written in other languages.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "fF06XiQV4CPEJnt_ESOvv": {
+    "title": "JavaScript",
+    "description": "JavaScript, often abbreviated JS, is a programming language that is one of the core technologies of the World Wide Web, alongside HTML and CSS. It lets us add interactivity to pages e.g. you might have seen sliders, alerts, click interactions, and popups etc on different websites -- all of that is built using JavaScript. Apart from being used in the browser, it is also used in other non-browser environments as well such as Node.js for writing server-side code in JavaScript, Electron for writing desktop applications, React Native for mobile applications and so on.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "You Dont Know JS Yet (book series) ",
+        "url": "https://github.com/getify/You-Dont-Know-JS",
+        "type": "opensource"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "W3Schools – JavaScript Tutorial",
+        "url": "https://www.w3schools.com/js/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "The Modern JavaScript Tutorial",
+        "url": "https://javascript.info/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Eloquent Javascript - Book",
+        "url": "https://eloquentjavascript.net/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about JavaScript",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/javascript?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "JavaScript Crash Course for Beginners",
+        "url": "https://youtu.be/hdI2bqOjy3c",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Node.js Crash Course",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fBNz5xF-Kx4",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Node.js Tutorial for Beginners",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TlB_eWDSMt4",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "pVG7bGqVGCeSBlZxRNHJs": {
+    "title": "Python",
+    "description": "Python is a well known programming language which is both a strongly typed and a dynamically typed language. Being an interpreted language, code is executed as soon as it is written and the Python syntax allows for writing code in functional, procedural or object-oriented programmatic ways.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Visit Dedicated Python Roadmap",
+        "url": "/python",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Python Website",
+        "url": "https://www.python.org/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Python Getting Started",
+        "url": "https://www.python.org/about/gettingstarted/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "W3Schools - Python Tutorial ",
+        "url": "https://www.w3schools.com/python/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Python Crash Course",
+        "url": "https://ehmatthes.github.io/pcc/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Automate the Boring Stuff",
+        "url": "https://automatetheboringstuff.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Python",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/python?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "jxlQ1ibcCv6ZlcEvobZ_G": {
+    "title": "Go",
+    "description": "Go is an open source programming language supported by Google. Go can be used to write cloud services, CLI tools, used for API development, and much more.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Visit Dedicated Go Roadmap",
+        "url": "/golang",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "A Tour of Go – Go Basics",
+        "url": "https://go.dev/tour/welcome/1",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Go Reference Documentation",
+        "url": "https://go.dev/doc/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Go by Example - annotated example programs",
+        "url": "https://gobyexample.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "W3Schools Go Tutorial ",
+        "url": "https://www.w3schools.com/go/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Golang",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/golang?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "YR-U2njkUrEMO0JxCU1PH": {
+    "title": "Frontend Frameworks",
+    "description": "Web frameworks are designed to write web applications. Frameworks are collections of libraries that aid in the development of a software product or website. Frameworks for web application development are collections of various tools. Frameworks vary in their capabilities and functions, depending on the tasks set. They define the structure, establish the rules, and provide the development tools required.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Web3 Frontend – Everything You Need to Learn About Building Dapp Frontends",
+        "url": "https://moralis.io/web3-frontend-everything-you-need-to-learn-about-building-dapp-frontends/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Frontend Development",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/frontend?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is the difference between a framework and a library?",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D_MO9vIRBcA",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Which JS Framework is best?",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cuHDQhDhvPE",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "0DUYS40_-BTpk2rLQ1a0e": {
+    "title": "React",
+    "description": "React is the most popular front-end JavaScript library for building user interfaces. React can also render on the server using Node and power mobile apps using React Native.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Visit Dedicated React Roadmap",
+        "url": "/react",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "React Website",
+        "url": "https://reactjs.org/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Official Getting Started",
+        "url": "https://reactjs.org/tutorial/tutorial.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about React",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/react?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "React JS Course for Beginners",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nTeuhbP7wdE",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "React Course - Beginners Tutorial for React JavaScript Library [2022]",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bMknfKXIFA8",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Understanding Reacts UI Rendering Process",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i793Qm6kv3U",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "UY_vAsixTyocvo8zvAF4b": {
+    "title": "Angular",
+    "description": "Angular is a component based front-end development framework built on TypeScript which includes a collection of well-integrated libraries that include features like routing, forms management, client-server communication, and more.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Visit Dedicated Angular Roadmap",
+        "url": "/angular",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Official - Getting started with Angular",
+        "url": "https://angular.io/start",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Angular",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/angular?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "Ke97bMHGfb-8hB_xSwMbk": {
+    "title": "Vue",
+    "description": "Vue.js is an open-source JavaScript framework for building user interfaces and single-page applications. It is mainly focused on front end development.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Visit Dedicated Vue Roadmap",
+        "url": "/vue",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Vue.js Website",
+        "url": "https://vuejs.org/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Official Getting Started",
+        "url": "https://vuejs.org/v2/guide/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Vue.js",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/vuejs?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Vue.js Course for Beginners",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FXpIoQ_rT_c",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Vue.js Crash Course",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qZXt1Aom3Cs",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "-7Bq2ktD0nt7of9liuCDL": {
+    "title": "Testing",
+    "description": "A key to building software that meets requirements without defects is testing. Software testing helps developers know they are building the right software. When tests are run as part of the development process (often with continuous integration tools), they build confidence and prevent regressions in the code.\n\nLike traditional software, testing dApps involves testing the entire stack that makes up the dApp (backend, frontend, db, etc.).\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is Software Testing?",
+        "url": "https://www.guru99.com/software-testing-introduction-importance.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Testing Pyramid",
+        "url": "https://www.browserstack.com/guide/testing-pyramid-for-test-automation",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How to test dApps (decentralized applications)",
+        "url": "https://rhian-is.medium.com/how-to-test-dapps-decentralized-applications-4662cf61db90",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Testing",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/testing?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "cW3_Ki9Bx7fYluDLKKKgl": {
+    "title": "Deployment",
+    "description": "Deploying a dApp involves deployment of all of its layers, generally through a management framework.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Tutorial for building an Ethereum DApp with Integrated Web3 Monitoring",
+        "url": "https://www.moesif.com/blog/blockchain/ethereum/Tutorial-for-building-Ethereum-Dapp-with-Integrated-Error-Monitoring/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about CI/CD",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/cicd?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Build and Deploy a Modern Web 3.0 Blockchain App",
+        "url": "https://youtu.be/Wn_Kb3MR_cU",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "XvVpnlYhT_yOsvjAvwZpr": {
+    "title": "Maintenance",
+    "description": "dApps can be harder to maintain because the code and data published to the blockchain is harder to modify. It’s hard for developers to make updates to their dapps (or the underlying data stored by a dapp) once they are deployed, even if bugs or security risks are identified in an old version.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "B6GGTUbzEaIz5yu32WrAq": {
+    "title": "Architecture",
+    "description": "Unlike Web2 applications, in Web3 there’s no centralized database that stores the application state or user identity, and there’s no centralized web server where the backend logic resides.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "The Architecture of a Web 3.0 application",
+        "url": "https://www.preethikasireddy.com/post/the-architecture-of-a-web-3-0-application",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Architecture",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/architecture?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Blockchain Development: Dapp Architecture",
+        "url": "https://youtu.be/KBSq8-LnUDI?t=286",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "PBTrg9ivOpw9uNTVisIpx": {
+    "title": "Security",
+    "description": "dApps face unique security challenges as they run on immutable blockchains. dApps are harder to maintain, and developers cannot modify or update their codes once deployed. Therefore, special consideration must be taken before putting it on the blockchain.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "DAPP Security Standards",
+        "url": "https://github.com/Dexaran/DAPP-security-standards/blob/master/README.md",
+        "type": "opensource"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "dApp Security Considerations",
+        "url": "https://livebook.manning.com/book/building-ethereum-dapps/chapter-14/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "dApp Security:All You Need to Know",
+        "url": "https://www.immunebytes.com/blog/dapp-security/#Benefits_of_DApps_Security",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Security",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/security?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "vZiDpX9pEB9gfueSKZiQL": {
+    "title": "Client Libraries",
+    "description": "You don't need to write every smart contract in your project from scratch. There are many open source smart contract libraries available that provide reusable building blocks for your project that can save you from having to reinvent the wheel.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Viem library with great TypeScript support",
+        "url": "https://viem.sh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "i-ltfXPTCu3WaBo-xaN05": {
+    "title": "ethers.js",
+    "description": "The ethers.js library aims to be a complete and compact library for interacting with the Ethereum Blockchain and its ecosystem. It was originally designed for use with [ethers.io](http://ethers.io) and has since expanded into a more general-purpose library.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Ethers.js Documentation",
+        "url": "https://docs.ethers.io/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about JavaScript",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/javascript?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "jwuMeo9TwaQviGIMO13Jf": {
+    "title": "web3.js",
+    "description": "web3.js is a collection of libraries that allow you to interact with a local or remote ethereum node using HTTP, IPC or WebSocket.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "web3.js Documentation",
+        "url": "https://web3js.readthedocs.io/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Web3",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/web3?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "RFgetmTvKvpV2PG6Vfev7": {
+    "title": "Moralis",
+    "description": "A library that gives you access to the powerful Moralis Server backend from your JavaScript app.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Moralis SDK",
+        "url": "https://github.com/MoralisWeb3/Moralis-JS-SDK/blob/main/README.md",
+        "type": "opensource"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Moralis",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/moralis?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "CoYEwHNNmrQ0i0sSQTcB7": {
+    "title": "Client Nodes",
+    "description": "A blockchain is a distributed network of computers (known as nodes) running software that can verify blocks and transaction data. The software application, known as a client, must be run on your computer to turn it into a blockchain node.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "DBRaXtwvdq2UGE8rVCmI1": {
+    "title": "Geth",
+    "description": "Go Ethereum (Geth) is one of the three original implementations (along with C++ and Python) of the Ethereum protocol. It is written in Go, fully open source and licensed under the GNU LGPL v3.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Geth Documentation",
+        "url": "https://geth.ethereum.org/docs/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "Gnnp5qrFmuSVtaq31rvMX": {
+    "title": "Besu",
+    "description": "Besu is an Apache 2.0 licensed, MainNet compatible, Ethereum client written in Java.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Besu Ethereum Client",
+        "url": "https://github.com/hyperledger/besu",
+        "type": "opensource"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "xtYwg0WAcE8Ea9VgC2RSc": {
+    "title": "Nethermind",
+    "description": "Nethermind is a high-performance, highly configurable full Ethereum protocol client built on .NET that runs on Linux, Windows, and macOS, and supports Clique, Aura, Ethash, and Proof-of-Stake consensus algorithms.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Nethermind Documentation",
+        "url": "https://docs.nethermind.io/nethermind/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "E4uuJZFZz-M1vlpZmdJTO": {
+    "title": "Substrate",
+    "description": "Substrate is a Software Development Kit (SDK) specifically designed to provide you with all of the fundamental components s blockchain requires so you can focus on crafting the logic that makes your chain unique and innovative.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Substrate Documentation",
+        "url": "https://docs.substrate.io/quick-start/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "bTdRKEiIUmu1pnp8UbJK9": {
+    "title": "Building for Scale",
+    "description": "Due to the limited number of transactions-per-second (TPS) built-in to blockchains, a number of alternative mechanism and technologies have emerged to aid the scaling of blockchain dApps.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "5T5c3SrFfMZLEKAzxJ-_S": {
+    "title": "State & Payment Channels",
+    "description": "State channels refer to the process in which users transact with one another directly outside of the blockchain, or ‘off-chain,’ and greatly minimize their use of ‘on-chain’ operations.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "The Basics of State Channels",
+        "url": "https://education.district0x.io/general-topics/understanding-ethereum/basics-state-channels/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "State Channels: An Introduction to Off-chain Transactions",
+        "url": "https://www.talentica.com/blogs/state-channels-an-introduction-to-off-chain-transactions/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "ti6-LSK52dTCLVdxArp9q": {
+    "title": "Optimistic Rollups & Fraud Proofs",
+    "description": "‍Optimistic rollups are a layer 2 (L2) construction that improves throughput and latency on Ethereum’s base layer by moving computation and data storage off-chain. An optimistic rollup processes transactions outside of Ethereum Mainnet, reducing congestion on the base layer and improving scalability.\n\nOptimistic rollups allow anyone to publish blocks without providing proofs of validity. However, to ensure the chain remains safe, optimistic rollups specify a time window during which anyone can dispute a state transition.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "How Do Optimistic Rollups Work (The Complete Guide)",
+        "url": "https://www.alchemy.com/overviews/optimistic-rollups",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "PykoX4j5Q3eJWIpUoczjM": {
+    "title": " Zk Rollups & Zero Knowledge Proof",
+    "description": "Zero-knowledge rollups (ZK-rollups) are layer 2 scaling solutions that increase the throughput of a blockchain by moving computation and state-storage off-chain.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Zero-Knowledge Rollups - Ethereum",
+        "url": "https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/scaling/zk-rollups",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Why and How zk-SNARK Works",
+        "url": "https://medium.com/@imolfar/why-and-how-zk-snark-works-1-introduction-the-medium-of-a-proof-d946e931160",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Introduction to zk-SNARKs",
+        "url": "https://vitalik.eth.limo/general/2021/01/26/snarks.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "chmxDwNVOefp98IbjEgNl": {
+    "title": "Validium",
+    "description": "Validium is a scaling solution that enforces integrity of transactions using validity proofs like ZK-rollups, but doesn’t store transaction data on the Ethereum Mainnet. While off-chain data availability introduces trade-offs, it can lead to massive improvements in scalability\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Validium - Ethereum",
+        "url": "https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/scaling/validium/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "dMesiPUPBegYQ7hgeMMJK": {
+    "title": "Plasma",
+    "description": "Plasma is a framework that allows the creation of child blockchains that use the main Ethereum chain as a layer of trust and arbitration. In Plasma, child chains can be designed to meet the requirements of specific use cases, specifically those that are not currently feasible on Ethereum.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Plasma Chains - Ethereum",
+        "url": "https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/scaling/plasma/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "lSQA3CfQBugEBhAh2yxro": {
+    "title": "Sidechains",
+    "description": "A sidechain is a separate blockchain network that connects to another blockchain – called a parent blockchain or mainnet – via a two-way peg.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Sidechains - Ethereum",
+        "url": "https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/scaling/sidechains/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "An Introduction to Sidechains",
+        "url": "https://www.coindesk.com/learn/an-introduction-to-sidechains",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "9uz6LBQwYpOid61LrK5dl": {
+    "title": "Ethereum 2.0",
+    "description": "Ethereum 2.0 marks a long-anticipated upgrade to the Ethereum public mainnet. Designed to accelerate Ethereum’s usage and adoption by improving its performance, Ethereum 2.0 implements Proof of Stake.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What Is Ethereum 2.0?",
+        "url": "https://consensys.net/blog/blockchain-explained/what-is-ethereum-2/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What Is Ethereum 2.0? Understanding The Merge",
+        "url": "https://www.forbes.com/advisor/investing/cryptocurrency/ethereum-2/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Ethereum",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/ethereum?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "1bUD9-vFo-tsHiB1a06tO": {
+    "title": "On-Chain Scaling",
+    "description": "On-chain scaling refers to any direct modification made to a blockchain, like data sharding and execution sharding in the incoming version of Ethereum 2.0. Another type of on-chain scaling would be a sidechain with two-way bridge to Ethereum, like Polygon.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Scaling - Ethereum",
+        "url": "https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/scaling/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "ecT4W5z8Vq9pXjnuhMdpl": {
+    "title": "Why it matters?",
+    "description": "The nature of blockchain allows for trustless systems to be built on top of it. Users don’t rely on a centralized group of people, such as a bank, to make decisions and allow transactions to flow through. Because the system is decentralized, users know that transactions will never be denied for non-custodial reasons.\n\nThis decentralization enables use-cases that were previously impossible, such as parametric insurance, decentralized finance, and decentralized organizations (DAOs), among a few. This allows developers to build products that provide immediate value without having to go through a bureaucratic process of applications, approvals, and general red tape.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Why Blockchain?",
+        "url": "https://chain.link/education-hub/blockchain",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What Is The Blockchain And Why Does It Matter?",
+        "url": "https://www.forbes.com/sites/theyec/2020/05/18/what-is-the-blockchain-and-why-does-it-matter/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Web3/Crypto: Why Bother?",
+        "url": "https://continuations.com/post/671863718643105792/web3crypto-why-bother",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Why is Blockchain Important and Why Does it Matter",
+        "url": "https://www.simplilearn.com/tutorials/blockchain-tutorial/why-is-blockchain-important",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Blockchain",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/blockchain?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "zvUCR0KeigEi9beqFpwny": {
+    "title": "Storage",
+    "description": "Unlike a centralized server operated by a single company or organization, decentralized storage systems consist of a peer-to-peer network of user-operators who hold a portion of the overall data, creating a resilient file storage sharing system.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Blockchain Storage",
+        "url": "https://www.techtarget.com/searchstorage/definition/blockchain-storage",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Decentralized Storage",
+        "url": "https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/storage/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How IPFS works",
+        "url": "https://docs.ipfs.tech/concepts/how-ipfs-works/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Storage",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/storage?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/public/roadmap-content/computer-science.json b/public/roadmap-content/computer-science.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..588a7bcd5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/public/roadmap-content/computer-science.json
@@ -0,0 +1,4202 @@
+{
+  "tU4Umtnfu01t9gLlnlK6b": {
+    "title": "Pick a Language",
+    "description": "You need to pick a programming language to learn the Computer Science concepts. My personal recommendation would be to pick C++ or C and the reason for that is:\n\n*   They allow you to deal with pointers and memory allocation/deallocation, so you feel the data structures and algorithms in your bones. In higher level languages like Python or Java, these are hidden from you. In day to day work, that's terrific, but when you're learning how these low-level data structures are built, it's great to feel close to the metal.\n*   You will be able to find a lot of resources for the topics listed in this roadmap using C or C++. You can find a lot of resources for Python and Java, but they are not as abundant as C++ and C.\n\nGiven below is the list of resources; pick ones relevant to the language of your choice.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Learn C++ - W3Schools",
+        "url": "https://www.w3schools.com/cpp/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Learn C++ - Tutorials Point",
+        "url": "https://www.tutorialspoint.com/cplusplus/index.htm",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Learn C - W3Schools",
+        "url": "https://www.w3schools.com/c/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Learn C - Tutorials Point",
+        "url": "https://www.tutorialspoint.com/cprogramming/index.htm",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "C++ Programming Course - Beginner to Advanced",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8jLOx1hD3_o",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "C++ Tutorial for Beginners - Full Course",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vLnPwxZdW4Y",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "C Programming Tutorial for Beginners",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KJgsSFOSQv0",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Learn C Programming with Dr. Chuck",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j-_s8f5K30I",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "RlKZzs44biQPgxD0tK1qx": {
+    "title": "Python",
+    "description": "Python is a well known programming language which is both a strongly typed and a dynamically typed language. Being an interpreted language, code is executed as soon as it is written and the Python syntax allows for writing code in functional, procedural or object-oriented programmatic ways.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Visit Dedicated Python Roadmap",
+        "url": "/python",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Python Website",
+        "url": "https://www.python.org/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Python Getting Started",
+        "url": "https://www.python.org/about/gettingstarted/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Automate the Boring Stuff",
+        "url": "https://automatetheboringstuff.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Python principles - Python basics",
+        "url": "https://pythonprinciples.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "W3Schools - Python Tutorial ",
+        "url": "https://www.w3schools.com/python/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Python Crash Course",
+        "url": "https://ehmatthes.github.io/pcc/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "An Introduction to Python for Non-Programmers",
+        "url": "https://thenewstack.io/an-introduction-to-python-for-non-programmers/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Getting Started with Python and InfluxDB",
+        "url": "https://thenewstack.io/getting-started-with-python-and-influxdb/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Python",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/python?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "mWW88VnkqWgDz02qw5zU-": {
+    "title": "Go",
+    "description": "Go is an open source programming language supported by Google. Go can be used to write cloud services, CLI tools, used for API development, and much more.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Visit Dedicated Go Roadmap",
+        "url": "/golang",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "A Tour of Go – Go Basics",
+        "url": "https://go.dev/tour/welcome/1",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Go Reference Documentation",
+        "url": "https://go.dev/doc/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Go by Example - annotated example programs",
+        "url": "https://gobyexample.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "W3Schools Go Tutorial ",
+        "url": "https://www.w3schools.com/go/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Making a RESTful JSON API in Go",
+        "url": "https://thenewstack.io/make-a-restful-json-api-go/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Go, the Programming Language of the Cloud",
+        "url": "https://thenewstack.io/go-the-programming-language-of-the-cloud/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Golang",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/golang?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "jHKCLfLml8oZyj4829gx0": {
+    "title": "C#",
+    "description": "C# (pronounced \"C sharp\") is a general purpose programming language made by Microsoft. It is used to perform different tasks and can be used to create web apps, games, mobile apps, etc.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "C# Learning Path",
+        "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/learn/paths/csharp-first-steps/?WT.mc_id=dotnet-35129-website",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "C# on W3 schools",
+        "url": "https://www.w3schools.com/cs/index.php",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Introduction to C#",
+        "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/shows/CSharp-101/?WT.mc_id=Educationalcsharp-c9-scottha",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about C# Programming",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/csharp?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "C# tutorials",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gfkTfcpWqAY&list=PLTjRvDozrdlz3_FPXwb6lX_HoGXa09Yef",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "1bDjg-KBDKRmE6f1MWY8l": {
+    "title": "Rust",
+    "description": "Rust is a modern systems programming language focusing on safety, speed, and concurrency. It accomplishes these goals by being memory safe without using garbage collection.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "The Rust Programming Language - online book",
+        "url": "https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Rust by Example - collection of runnable examples",
+        "url": "https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/rust-by-example/index.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Rust vs. Go: Why They’re Better Together",
+        "url": "https://thenewstack.io/rust-vs-go-why-theyre-better-together/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Rust by the Numbers: The Rust Programming Language in 2021",
+        "url": "https://thenewstack.io/rust-by-the-numbers-the-rust-programming-language-in-2021/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Rust",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/rust?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "1kQJs-3Aw8Bi7d_Xh67zS": {
+    "title": "C++",
+    "description": "C++ is a powerful general-purpose programming language. It can be used to develop operating systems, browsers, games, and so on. C++ supports different ways of programming like procedural, object-oriented, functional, and so on. This makes C++ powerful as well as flexible.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Learn C++",
+        "url": "https://learncpp.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Cpp Reference",
+        "url": "https://en.cppreference.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "CPlusPlus",
+        "url": "https://cplusplus.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "C++ TutorialsPoint",
+        "url": "https://www.tutorialspoint.com/cplusplus/index.htm",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "W3Schools C++",
+        "url": "https://www.w3schools.com/cpp/default.asp",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "C++ Roadmap",
+        "url": "https://roadmap.sh/cpp",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about C++ Programming",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/c++?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "n4IsklfYJXFIyF1rGWuEa": {
+    "title": "C",
+    "description": "C is a general-purpose computer programming language. It was created in the 1970s by Dennis Ritchie, and remains very widely used and influential. By design, C's features cleanly reflect the capabilities of the targeted CPUs.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Learn C - W3Schools",
+        "url": "https://www.w3schools.com/c/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Learn C - Tutorials Point",
+        "url": "https://www.tutorialspoint.com/cprogramming/index.htm",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about C Programming",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/c?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "C Programming Tutorial for Beginners",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KJgsSFOSQv0",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Learn C Programming with Dr. Chuck",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j-_s8f5K30I",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "C Programming Full Course (Bro Code)",
+        "url": "https://youtu.be/87SH2Cn0s9A",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "1lQSUFrrIGq19nUnM92-I": {
+    "title": "Java",
+    "description": "Java is general-purpose language, primarily used for Internet-based applications. It was created in 1995 by James Gosling at Sun Microsystems and is one of the most popular options for backend developers.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Visit Dedicated Java Roadmap",
+        "url": "/java",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Java Website",
+        "url": "https://www.java.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "W3 Schools Tutorials",
+        "url": "https://www.w3schools.com/java/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Java",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/java?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Java Crash Course",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eIrMbAQSU34",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "NM7q5REW1sJgMhxJhPpLT": {
+    "title": "Data Structures",
+    "description": "As the name indicates itself, a **Data Structure** is a way of organizing the data in the **memory** so that it can be used efficiently. Some common data structures are array, linked list, stack, hashtable, queue, tree, heap, and graph.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Data Structures and Algorithms By Google",
+        "url": "https://techdevguide.withgoogle.com/paths/data-structures-and-algorithms/",
+        "type": "course"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Data Structures and Algorithms",
+        "url": "https://www.javatpoint.com/data-structure-tutorial",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Data Structures",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/data-structures?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Data Structures Illustrated",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9rhT3P1MDHk&list=PLkZYeFmDuaN2-KUIv-mvbjfKszIGJ4FaY",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Data Structures playlist",
+        "url": "https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLDV1Zeh2NRsB6SWUrDFW2RmDotAfPbeHu&si=_EEf7x58G6lUcMGG",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "gr8BK6vq4AVwp_aUozZmf": {
+    "title": "Linked List",
+    "description": "Arrays store elements in contiguous memory locations, resulting in easily calculable addresses for the elements stored and this allows faster access to an element at a specific index. Linked lists are less rigid in their storage structure and elements are usually not stored in contiguous locations, hence they need to be stored with additional tags giving a reference to the next element. This difference in the data storage scheme decides which data structure would be more suitable for a given situation.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Singly Linked Lists",
+        "url": "https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/singly-linked-lists-kHhgK",
+        "type": "course"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Core: Linked Lists vs Arrays",
+        "url": "https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures-optimizing-performance/core-linked-lists-vs-arrays-rjBs9",
+        "type": "course"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "In the Real World: Linked Lists vs Arrays",
+        "url": "https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures-optimizing-performance/in-the-real-world-lists-vs-arrays-QUaUd",
+        "type": "course"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Doubly Linked Lists",
+        "url": "https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/doubly-linked-lists-jpGKD",
+        "type": "course"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "CS 61B Lecture 7: Linked Lists I",
+        "url": "https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_htzJdKoEmO0",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "CS 61B Lecture 7: Linked Lists II",
+        "url": "https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_-c4I3gFYe3w",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Linked List Data Structure | Illustrated Data Structures",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=odW9FU8jPRQ",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Linked Lists in 4 minutes",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F8AbOfQwl1c",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Why you should avoid Linked Lists?",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YQs6IC-vgmo",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "hJB5gO9tosRlC4UmdSNzl": {
+    "title": "Stack",
+    "description": "Stack is a linear collection of items where items are inserted and removed in a particular order. Stack is also called a LIFO Data Structure because it follows the \"Last In First Out\" principle i.e. the item that is inserted in the last is the one that is taken out first.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Stack Data Structure",
+        "url": "https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/stacks-UdKzQ",
+        "type": "course"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Stack Data Structure | Illustrated Data Structures",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I5lq6sCuABE",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Stack in 3 minutes",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KcT3aVgrrpU",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "JI990pDX2jjNe6IH_Y_t0": {
+    "title": "Queue",
+    "description": "Queue is a linear collection of items where items are inserted and removed in a particular order. The queue is also called a FIFO Data Structure because it follows the \"First In, First Out\" principle i.e., the item that is inserted in the first is the one that is taken out first.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Queues - Coursera",
+        "url": "https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/queues-EShpq",
+        "type": "course"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Circular Buffer - Wikipedia",
+        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circular_buffer",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Queue Data Structure | Illustrated Data Structures",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mDCi1lXd9hc",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Queue in 3 Minutes",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D6gu-_tmEpQ",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "G2dN2FO0SN_I-5AhO_EUk": {
+    "title": "Hash Table",
+    "description": "Hash Table, Map, HashMap, Dictionary or Associative are all the names of the same data structure. It is one of the most commonly used data structures.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Hash Table | Illustrated Data Structures",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jalSiaIi8j4",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Hash Table in 4 Minutes",
+        "url": "https://youtu.be/knV86FlSXJ8",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Hashing with Chaining",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0M_kIqhwbFo&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=9",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Table Doubling, Karp-Rabin",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BRO7mVIFt08&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=10",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Open Addressing, Cryptographic Hashing",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rvdJDijO2Ro&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=11",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "PyCon 2010: The Mighty Dictionary",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C4Kc8xzcA68",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "PyCon 2017: The Dictionary Even Mightier",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=66P5FMkWoVU",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "(Advanced) Randomization: Universal & Perfect Hashing",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z0lJ2k0sl1g&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=11",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "(Advanced) Perfect hashing",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N0COwN14gt0&list=PL2B4EEwhKD-NbwZ4ezj7gyc_3yNrojKM9&index=4",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "TwW6SO2IXqkxJXVjLzdwU": {
+    "title": "Array",
+    "description": "Arrays store elements in contiguous memory locations, resulting in easily calculable addresses for the elements stored and this allows faster access to an element at a specific index.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Array Data Structure - Coursera",
+        "url": "https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/arrays-OsBSF",
+        "type": "course"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Dynamic Arrays - Coursera",
+        "url": "https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/dynamic-arrays-EwbnV",
+        "type": "course"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "UC Berkeley CS61B - Linear and Multi-Dim Arrays (Start watching from 15m 32s)",
+        "url": "https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_Wp8oiO_CZZE",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Array Data Structure | Illustrated Data Structures",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QJNwK2uJyGs",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Dynamic and Static Arrays",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PEnFFiQe1pM&list=PLDV1Zeh2NRsB6SWUrDFW2RmDotAfPbeHu&index=6",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Dynamic Array Code",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tvw4v7FEF1w&list=PLDV1Zeh2NRsB6SWUrDFW2RmDotAfPbeHu&index=5",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Jagged Arrays",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1jtrQqYpt7g",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "_eWqiWUmOj0zUo_Ix3j1O": {
+    "title": "Tree",
+    "description": "A tree is non-linear and a hierarchical data structure consisting of a collection of nodes such that each node of the tree stores a value and a list of references to other nodes (the “children”).\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Tree | Illustrated Data Structures",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S2W3SXGPVyU",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "G9dnegZ6zNvxrCZ3O_b_z": {
+    "title": "Binary Tree",
+    "description": "A binary tree is a tree data structure in which each node has at most two children, which are referred to as the left child and the right child.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Binary Tree",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/binary-tree?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Binary Trees - Part 1",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=76dhtgZt38A&list=PLUl4u3cNGP63EdVPNLG3ToM6LaEUuStEY&index=9",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Binary Trees - Part 2",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U1JYwHcFfso&list=PLUl4u3cNGP63EdVPNLG3ToM6LaEUuStEY&index=10",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "et7l85gnxjvzD2tDyHT_T": {
+    "title": "Binary Search Tree",
+    "description": "A binary search tree, also called an ordered or sorted binary tree, is a rooted binary tree data structure with the key of each internal node being greater than all the keys in the respective node's left subtree and less than the ones in its right subtree.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Binary Search Trees - Coursera",
+        "url": "https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/E7cXP/introduction",
+        "type": "course"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about General Programming",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/general-programming?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Tree | Illustrated Data Structures",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S2W3SXGPVyU",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Binary Search Trees - MIT",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=76dhtgZt38A",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Binary Search Tree Implementation in C++",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=COZK7NATh4k&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P&index=29",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "BST implementation - memory allocation in stack and heap",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hWokyBoo0aI&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P&index=30",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Find Min and Max Element in Binary Search Tree",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ut90klNN264&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P&index=31",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Check if Given Tree is Binary Search Tree or Not",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yEwSGhSsT0U&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P&index=36",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Delete an Element from Binary Search Tree",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gcULXE7ViZw&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P&index=37",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Inorder Successor in a binary search tree",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5cPbNCrdotA&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P&index=38",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "Q8ZJNeTbc22Q08Mra-McY": {
+    "title": "Full Binary Tree",
+    "description": "A full Binary tree is a special type of binary tree in which every parent node/internal node has either two or no children. It is also known as a proper binary tree.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Full Binary Tree",
+        "url": "https://www.programiz.com/dsa/full-binary-tree",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "Jx1WWCjm8jkfAGtHv15n1": {
+    "title": "Complete Binary Tree",
+    "description": "A complete binary tree is a special type of binary tree where all the levels of the tree are filled completely except the lowest level nodes which are filled from as left as possible.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Complete Binary Tree - Programiz",
+        "url": "https://www.programiz.com/dsa/complete-binary-tree",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "ZaWGLvZyu4sIPn-zwVISN": {
+    "title": " Balanced Tree",
+    "description": "A balanced binary tree, also referred to as a height-balanced binary tree, is defined as a binary tree in which the height of the left and right subtree of any node differ by not more than 1.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Balanced Binary Tree",
+        "url": "https://www.programiz.com/dsa/balanced-binary-tree",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "w4sxmZR1BjX6wlrZmuOlf": {
+    "title": "Unbalanced Tree",
+    "description": "An unbalanced binary tree is one that is not balanced.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Balanced Binary Tree",
+        "url": "https://www.programiz.com/dsa/balanced-binary-tree",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "vQm046o6ozcvLoqg9L6eL": {
+    "title": "Graph",
+    "description": "Graphs in data structures are non-linear data structures made up of a finite number of nodes or vertices and the edges that connect them. Graphs in data structures are used to address real-world problems in which it represents the problem area as a network like telephone networks, circuit networks, and social networks.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Graph Data Structure",
+        "url": "https://www.simplilearn.com/tutorials/data-structure-tutorial/graphs-in-data-structure",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Graph Data Structure | Illustrated Data Structures",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0sQE8zKhad0",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "CSE373 2020 - Lecture 10 - Graph Data Structures",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sjk0xqWWPCc&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DX6ic0HGT0PUX_wiNmkWkXx&index=10",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "CSE373 2020 - Lecture 11 - Graph Traversal",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZTwjXj81NVY&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DX6ic0HGT0PUX_wiNmkWkXx&index=11",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "CSE373 2020 - Lecture 12 - Depth First Search",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KyordYB3BOs&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DX6ic0HGT0PUX_wiNmkWkXx&index=12",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "CSE373 2020 - Lecture 13 - Minimum Spanning Trees",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oolm2VnJUKw&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DX6ic0HGT0PUX_wiNmkWkXx&index=13",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "CSE373 2020 - Lecture 14 - Minimum Spanning Trees (cont)",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RktgPx0MarY&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DX6ic0HGT0PUX_wiNmkWkXx&index=14",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "CSE373 2020 - Lecture 15 - Graph Algorithms (cont 2)",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MUe5DXRhyAo&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DX6ic0HGT0PUX_wiNmkWkXx&index=15",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "6.006 Single-Source Shortest Paths Problem",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Aa2sqUhIn-E&index=15&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "6Jy8SXHuYA08h9iLjKFWR": {
+    "title": "Directed Graph",
+    "description": "A directed graph is graph, i.e., a set of objects (called vertices or nodes) that are connected together, where all the edges are directed from one vertex to another. A directed graph is sometimes called a digraph or a directed network. In contrast, a graph where the edges are bidirectional is called an undirected graph.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Directed Graph",
+        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Directed_graph",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "QGx8it2N_85PiPVjpTGK_": {
+    "title": "Undirected Graph",
+    "description": "An undirected graph is graph, i.e., a set of objects (called vertices or nodes) that are connected together, where all the edges are bidirectional. An undirected graph is sometimes called an undirected network. In contrast, a graph where the edges point in a direction is called a directed graph.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Undirected Graph",
+        "url": "https://mathinsight.org/definition/undirected_graph",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "L4xtWOdqGUf4SbJkoOsNM": {
+    "title": "Spanning Tree",
+    "description": "A spanning tree is a subset of Graph G, which has all the vertices covered with minimum possible number of edges. Hence, a spanning tree does not have cycles and it cannot be disconnected..\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Spanning Tree",
+        "url": "https://www.tutorialspoint.com/data_structures_algorithms/spanning_tree.htm",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "CSE373 2020 - Lecture 13 - Minimum Spanning Trees",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oolm2VnJUKw&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DX6ic0HGT0PUX_wiNmkWkXx&index=13",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "CSE373 2020 - Lecture 14 - Minimum Spanning Trees (cont)",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RktgPx0MarY&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DX6ic0HGT0PUX_wiNmkWkXx&index=14",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Greedy Algorithms: Minimum Spanning Tree",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tKwnms5iRBU&index=16&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "HZ1kk0TQ13FLC9t13BZl5": {
+    "title": "Adjacency Matrix",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "rTnKJcPniUtqvfOyC88N0": {
+    "title": "Adjacency List",
+    "description": "A graph can either be represented as an adjacency matrix or an adjacency list.\n\nThe adjacency matrix is a 2D array of size `V x V` where `V` is the number of vertices in a graph. Let the 2D array be `adj[][]`, a slot `adj[i][j] = 1` indicates that there is an edge from vertex `i` to vertex `j`.\n\nAdjacency list is an array of vectors. Size of the array is equal to the number of vertices. Let the array be `array[]`. An entry `array[i]` represents the list of vertices adjacent to the ith vertex. This representation can also be used to represent a weighted graph. The weights of edges can be represented as lists of pairs.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Adjacency Matrix - Graph Representation",
+        "url": "https://www.programiz.com/dsa/graph-adjacency-matrix",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Adjacency List - Graph Representation",
+        "url": "https://www.programiz.com/dsa/graph-adjacency-list",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "pw3ZCC3HKU7D5SQwte4vE": {
+    "title": "Heap",
+    "description": "Heap is a tree-based data structure that follows the properties of a complete binary tree and is either a Min Heap or a Max Heap.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Priority Queue - Introduction",
+        "url": "https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/introduction-2OpTs",
+        "type": "course"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "CS 61B Lecture 24: Priority Queues",
+        "url": "https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_yIUFT6AKBGE",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Heap | Illustrated Data Structures",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F_r0sJ1RqWk",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Heaps and Heap Sort",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B7hVxCmfPtM&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=5",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "UpBrpmrUwYUB9eesNxCq5": {
+    "title": "Asymptotic Notation",
+    "description": "The efficiency of an algorithm depends on the amount of time, storage and other resources required to execute the algorithm. The efficiency is measured with the help of asymptotic notations.\n\nAn algorithm may not have the same performance for different types of inputs. With the increase in the input size, the performance will change.\n\nThe study of change in performance of the algorithm with the change in the order of the input size is defined as asymptotic analysis.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Asymptotic Analysis: Big-O Notation and More",
+        "url": "https://www.programiz.com/dsa/asymptotic-notations",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "CS 61B Lecture 19: Asymptotic Analysis",
+        "url": "https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_VIS4YDpuP98",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Big-O Cheat Sheet",
+        "url": "https://www.bigocheatsheet.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Big O Notation — Calculating Time Complexity",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z0bH0cMY0E8",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Big O Notation in 5 Minutes",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=__vX2sjlpXU",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Asymptotic Notation - CS50",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iOq5kSKqeR4",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "c-NrTtJuNihbHzyPEOKTW": {
+    "title": "Big O",
+    "description": "Big O Notation describes, how well an algorithm scales with the input size. It is used to describe the worst case scenario of an algorithm. It is used to compare algorithms and to determine which algorithm is better.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "moviesCS 61B Lecture 19: Asymptotic Analysis",
+        "url": "https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_VIS4YDpuP98",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Big O Notation — Calculating Time Complexity",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z0bH0cMY0E8",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Big O Notations",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V6mKVRU1evU",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Big Oh Notation (and Omega and Theta)",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ei-A_wy5Yxw&list=PL1BaGV1cIH4UhkL8a9bJGG356covJ76qN&index=3",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "ThLpVZQIJ4diY5m0dik8m": {
+    "title": "Big-Theta",
+    "description": "While Big O Notation refers to the upper bound of a function, Big Theta Notation refers to the exact bound of a function. Big Theta Notation is used to describe the exact growth rate of a function. It is denoted by the symbol Θ.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Big Oh Notation (and Omega and Theta)",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ei-A_wy5Yxw&list=PL1BaGV1cIH4UhkL8a9bJGG356covJ76qN&index=3",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Asymptotic Notation - CS50",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iOq5kSKqeR4",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "X33735aeAVSlJ6yv9GS-h": {
+    "title": "Big Omega",
+    "description": "Big Omega notation is used to describe the lower bound of a function. It is the opposite of Big O notation. While Big O is used to describe the worst case scenario of an algorithm, Big Omega is used to describe the best case scenario of an algorithm.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Big Oh Notation (and Omega and Theta)",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ei-A_wy5Yxw&list=PL1BaGV1cIH4UhkL8a9bJGG356covJ76qN&index=3",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Asymptotic Notation - CS50",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iOq5kSKqeR4",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "3F_QBv_sU39ehOxpurF88": {
+    "title": "Constant",
+    "description": "Constant time algorithms are the simplest and most efficient algorithms. They are algorithms that always take the same amount of time to run, regardless of the size of the input. This is the best case scenario for an algorithm, and is the goal of all algorithms.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Big O Notation — Calculating Time Complexity",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z0bH0cMY0E8",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Big O Notations",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V6mKVRU1evU",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "nnlMNkQn1HU4U9yPbV9kQ": {
+    "title": "Logarithmic",
+    "description": "Logarithmic complexity algorithms are the second fastest algorithms. They are faster than linear algorithms, but slower than constant algorithms.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Big O Notation — Calculating Time Complexity",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z0bH0cMY0E8",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Big O Notations",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V6mKVRU1evU",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "jymhjv8GiFALQpox6aZeu": {
+    "title": "Linear",
+    "description": "Linear algorithms are algorithms that have a runtime that is directly proportional to the size of the input. This means that the runtime of the algorithm will increase linearly with the size of the input. For example, if the input size is 10, the runtime will be 10 times the runtime of the algorithm when the input size is 1. If the input size is 100, the runtime will be 100 times the runtime of the algorithm when the input size is 1.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Big O Notation — Calculating Time Complexity",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z0bH0cMY0E8",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Big O Notations",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V6mKVRU1evU",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "sVFvpsAO1_ZH9aliEj9aF": {
+    "title": "Polynomial",
+    "description": "Polynomial algorithms are algorithms that have a runtime that is a polynomial function of the input size. This means that the runtime is a function of the form `n^k` where `k` is a constant. For example, the runtime of the following algorithm is `n^2`:\n\n    def polynomial_algorithm(n):\n        for i in range(n):\n            for j in range(n):\n                print(i, j)\n    \n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Big O Notation — Calculating Time Complexity",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z0bH0cMY0E8",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Big O Notations",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V6mKVRU1evU",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "5mMLr6tWbiSZuox1lx0_B": {
+    "title": "Exponential",
+    "description": "Exponential algorithms are those that grow at a rate of 2^n. This means that for each additional input, the algorithm will take twice as long to run. The following function is an example of an exponential algorithm:\n\n    def exponential(n):\n        if n == 0:\n            return 1\n        return exponential(n - 1) + exponential(n - 1)\n    \n\nAs you can see, the algorithm's runtime grows exponentially. For each additional input, the algorithm will take twice as long to run.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Big O Notation — Calculating Time Complexity",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z0bH0cMY0E8",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Big O Notations",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V6mKVRU1evU",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "m0umGQNdvg95UiNpQZsQN": {
+    "title": "Factorial",
+    "description": "Factorial complexity algorithms have a runtime of `O(n!)`. This is the worst case scenario for an algorithm. Factorial complexity algorithms are very inefficient and should be avoided.\n\n    def generate_permutations(s):\n        # Base case: If the string length is 1, return a list containing the string\n        if len(s) == 1:\n            return [s]\n    \n        # Initialize the result list\n        permutations = []\n    \n        # Recursively generate all permutations\n        for i in range(len(s)):\n            # Current character\n            current_char = s[i]\n            # Remaining characters\n            remaining_chars = s[:i] + s[i+1:]\n            # Generate all permutations of the remaining characters\n            for perm in generate_permutations(remaining_chars):\n                # Add the current character to the front of each generated permutation\n                permutations.append(current_char + perm)\n    \n        return permutations",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "7a6-AnBI-3tAU1dkOvPkx": {
+    "title": "Common Algorithms",
+    "description": "Here are some common algorithms that you should know. You can find more information about them in the [Algorithms](https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-science/algorithms) section of the Computer Science course.\n\n*   Sorting\n*   Recursion\n*   Searching\n*   Cache Algorithms\n*   Tree Algorithms\n*   Graph Algorithms\n*   Greedy Algorithms\n*   Backtracking\n*   Substring Search\n*   Suffix Arrays\n*   Dynamic Programming",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "0_qNhprnXU3i8koW3XTdD": {
+    "title": "Tail Recursion",
+    "description": "Tail recursion is a special kind of recursion where the recursive call is the very last thing in the function. It's a function that does not do anything at all after recursing.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Tail Recursion",
+        "url": "https://www.coursera.org/lecture/programming-languages/tail-recursion-YZic1",
+        "type": "course"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is tail recursion? Why is it so bad?",
+        "url": "https://www.quora.com/What-is-tail-recursion-Why-is-it-so-bad",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Recursion",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/recursion?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "iLEOuQgUgU5Jc38iXDpp5": {
+    "title": "Non-Tail Recursion",
+    "description": "Tail recursion is when a function can directly return the result of a recursive call - there are no outstanding operations, and there is no need for the call stack frame to be preserved. So it can be translated to a “goto with arguments”, and the stack usage will be constant.\n\nIn “non-tail recursion”, there are outstanding operations after the recursive call, and the stack frame cannot be nuked.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is non-tail recursion?",
+        "url": "https://www.quora.com/What-is-non-tail-recursion",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Tail vs Non-Tail Recursion",
+        "url": "https://www.baeldung.com/cs/tail-vs-non-tail-recursion",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Recursion",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/recursion?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Recursion (Solved Problem 1)",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IVLUGb_gDDE",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Types of Recursion (Part 2) | Tail & Non-tail Recursion",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HIt_GPuD7wk",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "cEsboPT8nLvo0Zt0_oBq6": {
+    "title": "LRU Cache",
+    "description": "LRU cache is a cache that evicts the least recently used item first. It is a very common cache algorithm. It is used in many places, such as in the browser cache, the database cache, and the cache of the operating system.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "The Magic of LRU Cache (100 Days of Google Dev)",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R5ON3iwx78M",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Implementing LRU - Udacity",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bq6N7Ym81iI",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "LeetCode | 146 LRU Cache | C++ | Explanation",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8-FZRAjR7qU",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "hna0HLu0l4NTNNpyGqlW5": {
+    "title": "MFU Cache",
+    "description": "MFU Cache is another cache algorithm. The difference is that instead of deleting the least frequently used entry, the MFU Cache deletes the most frequently used entry.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Comparison of MFU and LRU page replacement algorithms",
+        "url": "https://stackoverflow.com/questions/13597246/comparison-of-mfu-and-lru-page-replacement-algorithms",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Why does cache use Most Recently Used (MRU) algorithm as evict policy?",
+        "url": "https://stackoverflow.com/questions/5088128/why-does-cache-use-most-recently-used-mru-algorithm-as-evict-policy",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "8kTg4O9MrTHRUrp6U-ctA": {
+    "title": "Binary Search",
+    "description": "Binary search is a search algorithm that finds the position of a target value within a sorted array. Binary search compares the target value to the middle element of the array. If they are not equal, the half in which the target cannot lie is eliminated and the search continues on the remaining half, again taking the middle element to compare to the target value, and repeating this until the target value is found. If the search ends with the remaining half being empty, the target is not in the array.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Binary Search - Khan Academy",
+        "url": "https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-science/algorithms/binary-search/a/binary-search",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Binary Search",
+        "url": "https://www.topcoder.com/thrive/articles/Binary%20Search",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Binary Search",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/binary-search?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Binary Search in 4 Minutes",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fDKIpRe8GW4&feature=youtu.be",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Binary Search - CS50",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D5SrAga1pno",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "XwyqBK9rgP1MMcJrdIzm5": {
+    "title": "Linear Search",
+    "description": "Linear search is a very simple algorithm that is used to search for a value in an array. It sequentially checks each element of the array until a match is found or until all the elements have been searched.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "4wGBYFZpcdTt97WTbSazx": {
+    "title": "Bubble Sort",
+    "description": "Bubble sort is a simple sorting algorithm that repeatedly steps through the list, compares adjacent elements and swaps them if they are in the wrong order. The pass through the list is repeated until the list is sorted.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Bubble Sort",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P00xJgWzz2c&index=1&list=PL89B61F78B552C1AB",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Analyzing Bubble Sort",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ni_zk257Nqo&index=7&list=PL89B61F78B552C1AB",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Bubble sort in 2 minutes",
+        "url": "https://youtu.be/xli_FI7CuzA",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "rOsHFXQm5jNz0RyZQ5ZGs": {
+    "title": "Selection Sort",
+    "description": "Selection sort is a sorting algorithm that selects the smallest unsorted item in the list and swaps it with index 0, then finds the next smallest and places it into index 1 and so on.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Selection Sort",
+        "url": "https://www.coursera.org/lecture/algorithms-part1/selection-UQxFT",
+        "type": "course"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Selection Sort in 3 Minutes",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g-PGLbMth_g",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "ujDCW6zZE8dV_fpNf-oIl": {
+    "title": "Insertion Sort",
+    "description": "Insertion sort is a simple sorting algorithm that builds the final sorted array one item at a time by comparisons. It is much less efficient on large lists than more advanced algorithms such as quicksort, heapsort, or merge sort.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Insertion Sort Algorithm",
+        "url": "https://www.programiz.com/dsa/insertion-sort",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Insertion Sort — MIT",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kg4bqzAqRBM&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=4",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Insertion Sort in 3 Minutes",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JU767SDMDvA",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "CovrRsBY-sYW_xSegcN6N": {
+    "title": "Heap Sort",
+    "description": "Heap sort is a comparison based sorting algorithm. It is similar to selection sort where we first find the maximum element and place the maximum element at the end. We repeat the same process for remaining element.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Heap Sort Algorithm",
+        "url": "https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/heap-sort-hSzMO",
+        "type": "course"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Heap Sort Algorithm",
+        "url": "https://www.programiz.com/dsa/heap-sort",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Heap Sort in 4 Minutes",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2DmK_H7IdTo",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Heap Sort Algorithm - MIT",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=odNJmw5TOEE&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=3291s",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Lecture 4 - Heaps and Heap Sort",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B7hVxCmfPtM&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=5",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "be0Q8GW9ZX1JbPrBvbMji": {
+    "title": "Quick Sort",
+    "description": "Quick Sort is a divide and conquer algorithm. It picks an element as pivot and partitions the given array around the picked pivot. There are many different versions of quickSort that pick pivot in different ways.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Quick Sort Implementation in Python",
+        "url": "https://github.com/jwasham/practice-python/blob/master/quick_sort/quick_sort.py",
+        "type": "opensource"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Quick Sort Algorithm",
+        "url": "https://www.programiz.com/dsa/quick-sort",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Quick Sort Implementation in C",
+        "url": "http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/examples/randomization/quick.c",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Quick Sort in 4 Minutes",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hoixgm4-P4M&feature=youtu.be",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "Bh-whDbcCjl3m6mRm9w02": {
+    "title": "Merge Sort",
+    "description": "Merge sort is a divide and conquer algorithm. It divides the input array into two halves, calls itself for the two halves, and then merges the two sorted halves. The `merge()` function is used for merging two halves. The `merge(arr, l, m, r)` is key process that assumes that `arr[l..m]` and `arr[m+1..r]` are sorted and merges the two sorted sub-arrays into one.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Merge Sort Algorithm",
+        "url": "https://www.programiz.com/dsa/merge-sort",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Merge Sort in 3 Minutes",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4VqmGXwpLqc",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "psTN5N66xoFHFopgd5faW": {
+    "title": "Pre-Order Traversal",
+    "description": "Pre-order traversal is a tree traversal algorithm that visits the root node first, then recursively traverses the left subtree, followed by the right subtree.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Tree | Illustrated Data Structures",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S2W3SXGPVyU",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Pre-order tree traversal in 3 minutes",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1WxLM2hwL-U",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "KTrgf14Q6rg2f0v4dqq2s": {
+    "title": "In-Order Traversal",
+    "description": "In-order traversal is a tree traversal algorithm that visits the left subtree, the root, and then the right subtree. This is the most common way to traverse a binary search tree. It is also used to create a sorted list of nodes in a binary search tree.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Tree | Illustrated Data Structures",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S2W3SXGPVyU",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "4_oGXwjzSY5cX9n7L4iAA": {
+    "title": "Post Order Traversal",
+    "description": "Post-order traversal is a type of tree traversal that visits the left subtree, then the right subtree, and finally the root node. This is the opposite of pre-order traversal, which visits the root node first, then the left subtree, and finally the right subtree.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Tree | Illustrated Data Structures",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S2W3SXGPVyU",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "Ke_ch4fnuKIiGAXUM_LPP": {
+    "title": "Breadth First Search",
+    "description": "Breadth first search is a graph traversal algorithm that starts at the root node and explores all of the neighbor nodes at the present depth prior to moving on to the nodes at the next depth level.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Breadth-First Search (BFS) and Depth-First Search (DFS) for Binary Trees in Java",
+        "url": "https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/breadth-first-search-depth-first-search-bfs-dfs",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "BFS and DFS in a Binary Tree",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uWL6FJhq5fM",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Breadth-first search in 4 minutes",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HZ5YTanv5QE",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "chzP5_t2gMi6MstxEzCi5": {
+    "title": "Depth First Search",
+    "description": "Depth first search is a graph traversal algorithm that starts at a root node and explores as far as possible along each branch before backtracking.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Breadth-First Search (BFS) and Depth-First Search (DFS) for Binary Trees in Java",
+        "url": "https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/breadth-first-search-depth-first-search-bfs-dfs",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "BFS and DFS in a Binary Tree",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uWL6FJhq5fM",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Depth First Search in 4 Minutes",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Urx87-NMm6c",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "vcV6TEM_PqXxtThdfMKGw": {
+    "title": "Breadth First Search",
+    "description": "Breadth first search for a graph is a way to traverse the graph. It starts at the root node and explores all of the neighbor nodes at the present depth prior to moving on to the nodes at the next depth level.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Graph Algorithms II - DFS, BFS, Kruskals Algorithm, Union Find Data Structure - Lecture 7",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ufj5_bppBsA&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=7",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Breadth-first search in 4 minutes",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HZ5YTanv5QE",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "Yf5gOIe7oiL19MjEVcpdw": {
+    "title": "Depth First Search",
+    "description": "Depth first search is a graph traversal algorithm that starts at a root node and explores as far as possible along each branch before backtracking.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "eY4nK2lPYsrR-a_8y2sao": {
+    "title": "Bellman Ford's Algorithm",
+    "description": "Bellman ford's algorithm is a graph algorithm that finds the shortest path from a source vertex to all other vertices in a graph. It is a dynamic programming algorithm that uses a bottom-up approach to find the shortest path. It is similar to Dijkstra's algorithm but it can handle negative weights. It is also similar to Floyd-Warshall's algorithm but it can handle negative weights and it is faster than Floyd-Warshall's algorithm.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Data Science",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/data-science?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Bellman-Ford - MIT",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f9cVS_URPc0&ab_channel=MITOpenCourseWare",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Bellman-Ford in 4 Minutes",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9PHkk0UavIM",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "oJstm-8c-4seWbIWcNgDv": {
+    "title": "Dijkstra's Algorithm",
+    "description": "Dijkstra's algorithm is a graph traversal algorithm that finds the shortest path between two nodes in a graph. It is a weighted graph algorithm, meaning that each edge in the graph has a weight associated with it. The algorithm works by finding the shortest path from the starting node to all other nodes in the graph. It does this by keeping track of the distance from the starting node to each node, and then choosing the node with the shortest distance from the starting node to visit next. It then updates the distance of each node from the starting node, and repeats the process until all nodes have been visited.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Data Science",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/data-science?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Dijkstras Algorithm - MIT",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NSHizBK9JD8&t=1731s&ab_channel=MITOpenCourseWare",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Dijkstras Algorithm in 3 Minutes",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_lHSawdgXpI",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "Yrk2PLUa-_FAPlhCkMl3e": {
+    "title": "A* Algorithm",
+    "description": "A\\* is a graph traversal algorithm that is used to find the shortest path between two nodes in a graph. It is a modified version of Dijkstra's algorithm that uses heuristics to find the shortest path. It is used in pathfinding and graph traversal.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "A* Search Algorithm - Wikipedia",
+        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A*_search_algorithm",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Data Science",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/data-science?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "A* Pathfinding (E01: algorithm explanation)",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-L-WgKMFuhE",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "aBjBHpq_OajgQjxdCobXD": {
+    "title": "Finding Hamiltonian Paths",
+    "description": "Hamiltonian paths are paths that visit every node in a graph exactly once. They are named after the famous mathematician [Hamilton](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Rowan_Hamilton). Hamiltonian paths are a special case of [Hamiltonian cycles](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamiltonian_cycle), which are cycles that visit every node in a graph exactly once.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Hamiltonian Path",
+        "url": "https://www.hackerearth.com/practice/algorithms/graphs/hamiltonian-path/tutorial/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Hamiltonian Paths and Cycles",
+        "url": "https://medium.com/stamatics-iit-kanpur/hamiltonian-paths-and-cycles-4f233bfbc53a",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Hamiltonian Paths - Lecture 7",
+        "url": "https://people.csail.mit.edu/virgi/6.s078/lecture17.pdf",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "HlAmTY1udqDT2mTfBU9P-": {
+    "title": "Solving N Queen Problem",
+    "description": "N Queen Problem is a famous problem in Computer Science. It is a problem of placing n queens on an n x n chessboard such that no two queens attack each other. The problem is to find all possible solutions to the problem.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "N-Queens problem using backtracking in Java/C++",
+        "url": "https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/n-queens-problem-java-c-plus-plus",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "6.1 N Queens Problem using Backtracking",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xFv_Hl4B83A",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "nODFT-i2YsxUVsgwWkIWn": {
+    "title": "Maze Solving Problem",
+    "description": "Maze solving problem is a classic problem in computer science. It is a problem where we have to find a path from a starting point to an end point in a maze. The maze is represented as a grid of cells. Each cell can be either a wall or a path. The path cells are connected to each other. The starting point and the end point are also given. The goal is to find a path from the starting point to the end point. The path can only be made up of path cells. The path cannot go through the wall cells.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Maze Solving Algorithms",
+        "url": "https://github.com/john-science/mazelib/blob/main/docs/MAZE_SOLVE_ALGOS.md",
+        "type": "opensource"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Maze Solving Algorithms",
+        "url": "https://kidscodecs.com/maze-solving-algorithms/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Maze Solving - Computerphile",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rop0W4QDOUI",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Python Maze Solving Tutorial (Using Recursion)",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XP94WC_XnZc",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "NcKW_3vJWL_rVlDBB_Qjs": {
+    "title": "The Knight's Tour Problem",
+    "description": "Knight's Tour Problem is a problem where we have to find a path for a knight to visit all the cells of a chessboard without visiting any cell twice.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Knights Tour",
+        "url": "https://bradfieldcs.com/algos/graphs/knights-tour/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Knights Tour Proble",
+        "url": "https://www.codesdope.com/course/algorithms-knights-tour-problem/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Backtracking: The Knight’s Tour Problem",
+        "url": "https://www.codingninjas.com/codestudio/library/backtracking-the-knights-tour-problem",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "l3X9UrEYTWs5kBXI1NNCf": {
+    "title": "Dijkstra's Algorithm",
+    "description": "Dijkstra's algorithm is a greedy algorithm that finds the shortest path between two nodes in a graph. It is a very common algorithm used in computer science and is used in many applications such as GPS navigation, network routing, and finding the shortest path in a maze.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Data Science",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/data-science?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Dijkstras Algorithm in 3 Minutes",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_lHSawdgXpI",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Dijkstras Algorithm - MIT",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NSHizBK9JD8&t=1731s&ab_channel=MITOpenCourseWare",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Speeding Up Dijkstras Algorithm - MIT",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CHvQ3q_gJ7E&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=18",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "QrcijPiVT3bgqfkF-6ssi": {
+    "title": "Huffman Coding",
+    "description": "Huffman coding is a lossless data compression algorithm. The idea is to assign variable-length codes to input characters, lengths of the assigned codes are based on the frequencies of corresponding characters. The most frequent character gets the smallest code and the least frequent character gets the largest code.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Huffman Coding",
+        "url": "https://www.programiz.com/dsa/huffman-coding",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Huffman Coding - Greedy Method",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=co4_ahEDCho",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "Wqhg7E-lOz1oNcRXjUej8": {
+    "title": "Kruskal's Algorithm",
+    "description": "Kruskal's algorithm is a greedy algorithm that finds a minimum spanning tree for a connected weighted graph. It is a minimum spanning tree algorithm that takes a graph as input and finds the subset of the edges of that graph which form a tree that includes every vertex, where the total weight of all the edges in the tree is minimized. If the graph is not connected, then it finds a minimum spanning forest (a minimum spanning tree for each connected component).\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Data Science",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/data-science?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Kruskals Algorithm in 2 Minutes",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=71UQH7Pr9kU",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Graph Algorithms II - DFS, BFS, Kruskals Algorithm, Union Find Data Structure - Lecture 7",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ufj5_bppBsA&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=8",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "Hqw2eGtgfbVggqXBnIOdI": {
+    "title": "Ford-Fulkerson Algorithm",
+    "description": "Ford Fulkerson Algorithm is a greedy algorithm that is used to find the maximum flow in a flow network. It is also known as the Edmonds-Karp Algorithm.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Ford-Fulkerson Algorithm",
+        "url": "https://www.programiz.com/dsa/ford-fulkerson-algorithm",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Data Science",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/data-science?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Ford-Fulkerson in 5 minutes",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tl90tNtKvxs",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "znpFIKwMJlepKJ8dH3kvC": {
+    "title": "Prim's Algorithm",
+    "description": "Prim's algorithm is a greedy algorithm that finds a minimum spanning tree for a weighted undirected graph. A minimum spanning tree is a subset of the edges of a connected, edge-weighted undirected graph that connects all the vertices together, without any cycles and with the minimum possible total edge weight. A minimum spanning tree for a weighted undirected graph is also called a minimum weight spanning tree or minimum cost spanning tree.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Prims Algorithm",
+        "url": "https://www.programiz.com/dsa/prim-algorithm",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Data Science",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/data-science?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Graph Algorithms I - Topological Sorting, Prims Algorithm - Lecture 6",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i_AQT_XfvD8&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=7",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "l5--4opvZoc_seVn__5R3": {
+    "title": "Rabin-Karp Algorithm",
+    "description": "Rabin-Karp algorithm is a string searching algorithm that uses hashing to find any one of a set of pattern strings in a text. For strings of average length `n`, it performs in `O(n+m)` time with `O(m)` space, where `m` is the length of the pattern. It is often used in bioinformatics to search for DNA patterns.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Rabin Karps Algorithm",
+        "url": "https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/rabin-karps-algorithm-c0Qkw",
+        "type": "course"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Optimization: Precomputation",
+        "url": "https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/nYrc8/optimization-precomputation",
+        "type": "course"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Optimization: Implementation and Analysis",
+        "url": "https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/h4ZLc/optimization-implementation-and-analysis",
+        "type": "course"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Data Science",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/data-science?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Lecture 9: Table Doubling, Karp-Rabin",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BRO7mVIFt08&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=9",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Rolling Hashes, Amortized Analysis",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w6nuXg0BISo&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=33",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "n11ujPI3of-52l2KW2CDQ": {
+    "title": "LFU Cache",
+    "description": "LFU Cache is a data structure that stores key-value pairs. It has a fixed size and when it is full, it removes the least frequently used key-value pair. It is a variation of the LRU Cache and is used in many applications such as caching web pages, caching database queries, and caching images.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "1117. Data Structure - LFU Cache",
+        "url": "https://jojozhuang.github.io/algorithm/data-structure-lfu-cache/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "NUWk-7IXmMU-4TT-oS8fF": {
+    "title": "String Search & Manipulations",
+    "description": "String search and manipulation is a very important topic in computer science. It is used in many different applications, such as searching or replacing a specific pattern, word or character in a string.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "String-searching algorithm",
+        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/String-searching_algorithm",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "L4M5yFRKKR2axKXGcIA7d": {
+    "title": "Search Pattern in Text",
+    "description": "Searching pattern in text is a very common task in computer science. It is used in many applications like spell checkers, text editors, and many more.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Search Pattern in Text",
+        "url": "https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/tAfHI/search-pattern-in-text",
+        "type": "course"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "Ld1TUNS8713coMNvwhNIJ": {
+    "title": "Suffix Arrays",
+    "description": "Suffix arrays are a data structure that allows us to quickly find all the suffixes of a string in lexicographical order. This is useful for many problems, such as finding the longest common substring between two strings, or finding the number of distinct substrings of a string.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Suffix Arrays - Coursera",
+        "url": "https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/TH18W/suffix-arrays",
+        "type": "course"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Suffix array introduction",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zqKlL3ZpTqs",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Advanced Data Structures: Suffix Arrays",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IzMxbboPcqQ",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Suffix arrays: building",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZWlbhBjjwyA",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "g3b0kt1fCAjjYyS2WelWi": {
+    "title": "Brute Force Search",
+    "description": "Brute force search is a simple algorithm that checks for a pattern in a string by comparing each character of the string with the first character of the pattern. If the first character matches, it then compares the next character of the string with the next character of the pattern and so on. If all the characters of the pattern match, then the pattern is found. If the first character does not match, then the algorithm compares the second character of the string with the first character of the pattern and so on.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Brute-Force Substring Search",
+        "url": "https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/2Kn5i/brute-force-substring-search",
+        "type": "course"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "A beginner guide to Brute Force Algorithm for substring search",
+        "url": "https://nulpointerexception.com/2019/02/10/a-beginner-guide-to-brute-force-algorithm-for-substring-search/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Brute Force Algorithm in Cybersecurity and String Search",
+        "url": "https://www.baeldung.com/cs/brute-force-cybersecurity-string-search",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "8abFKMfaV9H8F38I0DcMT": {
+    "title": "Knuth-Morris Pratt",
+    "description": "Knuth morris pratt is a string searching algorithm that uses a precomputed array to find the substring in a string. This array is known as the prefix function. The prefix function is the longest prefix that is also a suffix of a substring. The prefix function is used to skip the characters that are already matched. The algorithm is as follows:\n\n*   Compute the prefix function of the substring.\n*   Traverse through the string and substring simultaneously.\n*   If the characters match, increment the index of both the string and substring.\n*   If the characters don't match, increment the index of the string by the value of the prefix function at the index of the substring.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Knuth-Morris Pratt",
+        "url": "https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/TAtDr/knuth-morris-pratt",
+        "type": "course"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "The Knuth-Morris-Pratt (KMP)Algorithm",
+        "url": "https://www.javatpoint.com/daa-knuth-morris-pratt-algorithm",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "9.1 Knuth-Morris-Pratt KMP String Matching Algorithm",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V5-7GzOfADQ",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "p6qub32jcaGloHXUDUrlG": {
+    "title": "Boyer-Moore",
+    "description": "Boyer Moore algorithm is a string searching algorithm that is used to find the index of a substring in a string. It is a very efficient algorithm that is used in many applications. It is used in text editors, compilers, and many other applications.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Boyer Moore Algorithm",
+        "url": "https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/CYxOT/boyer-moore",
+        "type": "course"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "The Boyer-Moore Algorithm",
+        "url": "https://www.javatpoint.com/daa-boyer-moore-algorithm",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "Km5LvcJpyntrW2iA8h5e3": {
+    "title": "Robin-Karp",
+    "description": "Rabin-Karp algorithm is a string searching algorithm that uses hashing to find any one of a set of pattern strings in a text. For strings of average length `n`, it performs in `O(n+m)` time with `O(m)` space, where `m` is the length of the pattern. It is often used in bioinformatics to search for DNA patterns.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Rabin Karps Algorithm",
+        "url": "https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-structures/rabin-karps-algorithm-c0Qkw",
+        "type": "course"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Optimization: Precomputation",
+        "url": "https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/nYrc8/optimization-precomputation",
+        "type": "course"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Optimization: Implementation and Analysis",
+        "url": "https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/h4ZLc/optimization-implementation-and-analysis",
+        "type": "course"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Lecture 9: Table Doubling, Karp-Rabin",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BRO7mVIFt08&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=9",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Rolling Hashes, Amortized Analysis",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w6nuXg0BISo&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=33",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "E9hf1ux1KKGHvvAShm67w": {
+    "title": "Substring Search",
+    "description": "Substring search is the problem of finding a substring in a string. This is a very common problem in computer science, and there are many algorithms for solving it.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Introduction to Substring Search",
+        "url": "https://www.coursera.org/lecture/algorithms-part2/introduction-to-substring-search-n3ZpG",
+        "type": "course"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is the fastest substring search algorithm?",
+        "url": "https://stackoverflow.com/questions/3183582/what-is-the-fastest-substring-search-algorithm",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Substring Search - Exercises",
+        "url": "https://algs4.cs.princeton.edu/53substring/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "-bawIWfrYuAxy8cP-AGFS": {
+    "title": "Floating Point Math",
+    "description": "Floating point numbers are numbers that have a decimal point in them. They are used to represent real numbers. For example, 3.14 is a floating point number. 3 is not a floating point number because it does not have a decimal point in it.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Representation of Floating Point Numbers - 1",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ji3SfClm8TU",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Why 0.1 + 0.2 != 0.3? | Floating Point Math",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RIiq4tTt6rI",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "vjMqqFsTxSjaiYxmliwLi": {
+    "title": "Endianess",
+    "description": "Endianess is the order in which bytes are stored in memory. The two most common types of endianess are big endian and little endian. Big endian stores the most significant byte first, while little endian stores the least significant byte first.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Big Endian vs Little Endian.mp4",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JrNF0KRAlyo",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Endianness Explained With an Egg - Computerphile",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NcaiHcBvDR4",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "U8AgY6I-62mN5Ohg9MsG6": {
+    "title": "Big Endian",
+    "description": "Big endian is the most common type of endianness. In this type, the most significant byte is stored at the lowest memory address. This means that the most significant byte is stored first and the least significant byte is stored last.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Lecture 22. Big Endian and Little Endian",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T1C9Kj_78ek",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "rD_5n5bjiNMVC0cPhEVyG": {
+    "title": "Little Endian",
+    "description": "Little Endian is a way of storing data in memory. It is the opposite of Big Endian. In Little Endian, the least significant byte is stored first. In Big Endian, the most significant byte is stored first.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Big Endian vs Little Endian.mp4",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JrNF0KRAlyo",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Endianness Explained With an Egg - Computerphile",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NcaiHcBvDR4",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "DMuMsEowpevTCALtziwTB": {
+    "title": "Common UML Diagrams",
+    "description": "UML is a standard way of visualizing a software system. It is a general-purpose, developmental, modeling language in the field of software engineering that is intended to provide a standard way to visualize the design of a system.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "UML Diagrams Full Course (Unified Modeling Language)",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WnMQ8HlmeXc",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "04hpfxI2x958tQI-0clsp": {
+    "title": "Unicode",
+    "description": "Unicode is a standard for encoding characters. It is a superset of ASCII, which means that ASCII is a subset of Unicode. Unicode is a 16-bit encoding, which means that it can encode 2^16 = 65536 characters. This is a lot more than ASCII, which can only encode 128 characters.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "How Unicode Works: What Every Developer Needs to Know About Strings and 🦄",
+        "url": "https://deliciousbrains.com/how-unicode-works/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Characters, Symbols and the Unicode Miracle - Computerphile",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MijmeoH9LT4",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "hmwsNp60alS43kJg4A_Og": {
+    "title": "ASCII",
+    "description": "ASCII is a character encoding standard for electronic communication. It was developed from telegraph code and uses 7 bits to represent 128 different characters. The first 32 characters are non-printable control characters used to control devices like printers and typewriters. The remaining 96 characters are printable and include the letters of the English alphabet, numbers, punctuation, and various symbols.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Must Know about Character Encodings",
+        "url": "https://www.joelonsoftware.com/2003/10/08/the-absolute-minimum-every-software-developer-absolutely-positively-must-know-about-unicode-and-character-sets-no-excuses/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Character Encoding",
+        "url": "https://cs.lmu.edu/~ray/notes/charenc/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "DtG9EJonWi4_2oQ4fWOKY": {
+    "title": "Character Encodings",
+    "description": "Character encodings are a way of representing characters as numbers. They are used to store and transmit text. The most common character encoding is ASCII, which is a 7-bit encoding. This means that each character is represented by a number between 0 and 127. The ASCII character set contains 128 characters, including letters, numbers, punctuation, and control characters. The ASCII character set is a subset of the Unicode character set, which is a 16-bit encoding. Unicode is a superset of ASCII, so ASCII characters can be represented by Unicode. Unicode is the most common character encoding used on the web.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Must Know about Character Encodings",
+        "url": "https://www.joelonsoftware.com/2003/10/08/the-absolute-minimum-every-software-developer-absolutely-positively-must-know-about-unicode-and-character-sets-no-excuses/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Character Encoding",
+        "url": "https://cs.lmu.edu/~ray/notes/charenc/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "FZ8znJSz8PvQlnEyRLXmQ": {
+    "title": "Class Diagrams",
+    "description": "Class Diagrams are used to model the static structure of a system. They are used to show the classes, their attributes, operations (or methods), and the relationships between objects.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "UML Class Diagram Tutorial",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UI6lqHOVHic",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "UML Class Diagram Tutorial",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3cmzqZzwNDM&list=PLfoY2ARMh0hC2FcJKP5voAKCpk6PZXSd5&index=2",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "dVvYbrcaxHLpvtX6HbS7g": {
+    "title": "Usecase Diagrams",
+    "description": "Usecase diagrams are a type of diagram that are used to model the interactions between the **actors** and the **usecases** of the system.\n\nAn actor is a person or a system that interacts with the system. Actors are represented by a rectangle with the name of the actor written inside it.\n\nA usecase is a task that the system performs. Usecases are represented by an ellipse with the name of the usecase written inside it.\n\nA usecase diagram is a diagram that shows the actors and the usecases of the system. The diagram is represented by a rectangle that contains the name of the system inside it. The actors are represented by rectangles and the usecases are represented by ellipses.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "UML Use Case Diagram Tutorial",
+        "url": "https://www.lucidchart.com/pages/uml-use-case-diagram",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is Use Case Diagram?",
+        "url": "https://www.visual-paradigm.com/guide/uml-unified-modeling-language/what-is-use-case-diagram/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "UML Use Case Diagram Tutorial",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zid-MVo7M-E",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "ptfRNiU0mC0Q5SLA_FWZu": {
+    "title": "Activity Diagrams",
+    "description": "Activity diagrams are used to model the flow of control in a system. They are used in conjunction with use case diagrams to model the behavior of the system for each use case. They are also used to model the behavior of a single class.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "UML Activity Diagram Tutorial",
+        "url": "https://www.lucidchart.com/pages/uml-activity-diagram",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is Activity Diagram?",
+        "url": "https://www.visual-paradigm.com/guide/uml-unified-modeling-language/what-is-activity-diagram/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "X0CKM9LaJUrgI5gIdqFvU": {
+    "title": "Statemachine Diagrams",
+    "description": "State machine diagrams are used to show the different states an object can be in at a given time. The object can be in one and only one state at a given time. State machine diagrams are similar to activity diagrams, but they are more focused on the flow of an object's state rather than the flow of the object itself.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is State Machine Diagram?",
+        "url": "https://www.visual-paradigm.com/guide/uml-unified-modeling-language/what-is-state-machine-diagram/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "State Machine Diagram Tutorial",
+        "url": "https://www.lucidchart.com/pages/uml-state-machine-diagram",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "State Machine Diagram",
+        "url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/computer-science/state-machine-diagram",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "gaUT5K2xS-WQMrIA0Bkb_": {
+    "title": "Sequence Diagrams",
+    "description": "Sequence diagrams are a way to show how objects or systems interact with each other over time.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "How to Make a UML Sequence Diagram",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pCK6prSq8aw",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Sequence Diagrams Tutorial",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cxG-qWthxt4&list=PLfoY2ARMh0hBthB9VqsQzogSouTjzkMHe&index=2",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "-De1hU2ONGwhQmUpsyrCO": {
+    "title": "Design Patterns",
+    "description": "Design patterns are solutions to common problems in software design. They are formalized best practices that the programmer can use to solve common problems when designing an application or system.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Design Patterns for Humans",
+        "url": "https://github.com/kamranahmedse/design-patterns-for-humans",
+        "type": "opensource"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Design Patterns - Wikipedia",
+        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_design_pattern",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Refactoring Guru - Design Patterns",
+        "url": "https://refactoring.guru/design-patterns/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Design Patterns",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/design-patterns?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "iPN9mSyFwYZER5HSkj6oL": {
+    "title": "GoF Design Patterns",
+    "description": "Gang of Four (GoF) design patterns are a set of 23 design patterns that were first described in the book \"Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable Object-Oriented Software\" by Erich Gamma, Richard Helm, Ralph Johnson, and John Vlissides. The book is commonly referred to as the \"Gang of Four book\".\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Design Patterns for Humans",
+        "url": "https://github.com/kamranahmedse/design-patterns-for-humans",
+        "type": "opensource"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "BGhJNtszbYJtKyhqr2jax": {
+    "title": "Architectural Patterns",
+    "description": "Architectural patterns are a high-level design pattern that focuses on the overall structure of the system. They are similar to design patterns, but they are more concerned with the structure of the system. They are used to solve problems that are common to many software systems.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "10 Common Software Architectural Patterns in a nutshell",
+        "url": "https://towardsdatascience.com/10-common-software-architectural-patterns-in-a-nutshell-a0b47a1e9013",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Architectural Pattern - Wikipedia",
+        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architectural_pattern",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "J7DKRklMtJ94Y-18Jo50r": {
+    "title": "Dependency Injection",
+    "description": "Dependency injection is a software design pattern that allows us to decouple the dependencies of a class from the class itself. This allows us to write more flexible and testable code.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Dependency Injection - StackOverflow",
+        "url": "https://stackoverflow.com/questions/130794/what-is-dependency-injection",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Dependency Injection",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/dependency-injection?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is Dependency Injection?",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0yc2UANSDiw",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "PpFQ0zmObZLvmBvqhTEMz": {
+    "title": "Null Object Pattern",
+    "description": "Null object pattern is a design pattern that is used to represent a null value with an object. It is a way to avoid null reference exceptions by providing a default object that does nothing. It is a way to provide a default behavior in case data is not available.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Design Patterns - Null Object Pattern",
+        "url": "https://www.tutorialspoint.com/design_pattern/null_object_pattern.htm",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "_2Jddpz_cdwyeIgrg5qt_": {
+    "title": "Type Object Pattern",
+    "description": "Type object pattern is a creational design pattern that allows us to create a new object of a type without exposing the object creation logic to the client. It is used when we need to create a new object of a type, but we don't know which type we need to create until runtime. It is like a factory pattern, but instead of returning a new object of a type, it returns a new object of a type that is already created.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Type Object Pattern",
+        "url": "https://gameprogrammingpatterns.com/type-object.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "cdNi0EYrQ5nsgNxFVnXL8": {
+    "title": "Basic Math Skills",
+    "description": "Math is a fundamental skill for computer science.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Computer Science 70, 001 - Spring 2015 - Discrete Mathematics and Probability Theory",
+        "url": "http://www.infocobuild.com/education/audio-video-courses/computer-science/cs70-spring2015-berkeley.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Discrete Mathematics By IIT Ropar NPTEL",
+        "url": "https://nptel.ac.in/courses/106/106/106106183/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Math",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/math?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Lec 1 | MIT 6.042J Mathematics for Computer Science, Fall 2010",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L3LMbpZIKhQ&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Integer Arithmetic, Karatsuba Multiplication",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eCaXlAaN2uE&index=11&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "The Chinese Remainder Theorem (used in cryptography)",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ru7mWZJlRQg",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Discrete Mathematics by Shai Simonson (19 videos)",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLWX710qNZo_sNlSWRMVIh6kfTjolNaZ8t",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "MIT 6.042J - Probability Introduction",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SmFwFdESMHI&index=18&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "MIT 6.042J - Conditional Probability",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E6FbvM-FGZ8&index=19&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "MIT 6.042J - Independence",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l1BCv3qqW4A&index=20&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "MIT 6.042J - Random Variables",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MOfhhFaQdjw&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B&index=21",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "MIT 6.042J - Expectation I",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gGlMSe7uEkA&index=22&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "MIT 6.042J - Expectation II",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oI9fMUqgfxY&index=23&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "MIT 6.042J - Large Deviations",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q4mwO2qS2z4&index=24&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "MIT 6.042J - Random Walks",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=56iFMY8QW2k&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B&index=25",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "HZ3_xyphbjhBPwwQo_rHH": {
+    "title": "Probability",
+    "description": "Probability is the study of how likely an event is to occur. It is a measure of how certain we are that an event will happen.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Statistics",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/statistics?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "MIT 6.042J - Probability Introduction",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SmFwFdESMHI&index=18&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "MIT 6.042J - Conditional Probability",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E6FbvM-FGZ8&index=19&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "MIT 6.042J - Independence",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l1BCv3qqW4A&index=20&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "MIT 6.042J - Random Variables",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MOfhhFaQdjw&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B&index=21",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "MIT 6.042J - Expectation I",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gGlMSe7uEkA&index=22&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "MIT 6.042J - Expectation II",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oI9fMUqgfxY&index=23&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "MIT 6.042J - Large Deviations",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q4mwO2qS2z4&index=24&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "MIT 6.042J - Random Walks",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=56iFMY8QW2k&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B&index=25",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "lWnAY0DgrUOmT6yqnxeBN": {
+    "title": "Combinatorics",
+    "description": "Combinatorics is the study of counting. It is a branch of mathematics that is used to solve problems in a variety of fields, including computer science, statistics, and physics. In computer science, combinatorics is used to solve problems related to counting the number of possible outcomes of a given problem. For example, if you are given a set of 10 objects, how many different ways can you arrange them? Or, if you are given a set of 10 objects, how many different ways can you choose 3 objects from that set? These are examples of combinatorial problems.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Probability and Combinatorics Topic",
+        "url": "https://www.khanacademy.org/math/probability/probability-and-combinatorics-topic",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Math Skills: How to find Factorial, Permutation and Combination",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8RRo6Ti9d0U",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Make School: Probability",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sZkAAk9Wwa4",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Make School: More Probability and Markov Chains",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dNaJg-mLobQ",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "YLCmZvoLkhOk9wlgYW2Ms": {
+    "title": "Complexity Classes",
+    "description": "In computer science, there exist some problems whose solutions are not yet found, the problems are divided into classes known as Complexity Classes. In complexity theory, a Complexity Class is a set of problems with related complexity. These classes help scientists to groups problems based on how much time and space they require to solve problems and verify the solutions. It is the branch of the theory of computation that deals with the resources required to solve a problem.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Trying to understand P vs NP vs NP Complete vs NP Hard",
+        "url": "https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com/questions/308178/trying-to-understand-p-vs-np-vs-np-complete-vs-np-hard",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Complexity: P, NP, NP-completeness, Reductions",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eHZifpgyH_4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=22",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Complexity: Approximation Algorithms",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MEz1J9wY2iM&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=24",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Complexity: Fixed-Parameter Algorithms",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4q-jmGrmxKs&index=25&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Lecture 23: Computational Complexity",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=moPtwq_cVH8&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=24",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Greedy Algs. II & Intro to NP Completeness",
+        "url": "https://youtu.be/qcGnJ47Smlo?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=2939",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "NP Completeness II & Reductions",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e0tGC6ZQdQE&index=16&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "NP Completeness III",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fCX1BGT3wjE&index=17&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "NP Completeness IV",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NKLDp3Rch3M&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=18",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "CSE373 2020 - Lecture 23 - NP-Completeness",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ItHp5laE1VE&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DX6ic0HGT0PUX_wiNmkWkXx&index=23",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "CSE373 2020 - Lecture 24 - Satisfiability",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=inaFJeCzGxU&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DX6ic0HGT0PUX_wiNmkWkXx&index=24",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "CSE373 2020 - Lecture 25 - More NP-Completeness",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B-bhKxjZLlc&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DX6ic0HGT0PUX_wiNmkWkXx&index=25",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "CSE373 2020 - Lecture 26 - NP-Completeness Challenge",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_EzetTkG_Cc&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DX6ic0HGT0PUX_wiNmkWkXx&index=26",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "3aM17dPKNi8tRJsW8lesI": {
+    "title": "P",
+    "description": "The P in the P class stands for Polynomial Time. It is the collection of decision problems(problems with a “yes” or “no” answer) that can be solved by a deterministic machine in polynomial time.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Trying to understand P vs NP vs NP Complete vs NP Hard",
+        "url": "https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com/questions/308178/trying-to-understand-p-vs-np-vs-np-complete-vs-np-hard",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Complexity: P, NP, NP-completeness, Reductions",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eHZifpgyH_4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=22",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Complexity: Approximation Algorithms",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MEz1J9wY2iM&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=24",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Complexity: Fixed-Parameter Algorithms",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4q-jmGrmxKs&index=25&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Lecture 23: Computational Complexity",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=moPtwq_cVH8&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=24",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Greedy Algs. II & Intro to NP Completeness",
+        "url": "https://youtu.be/qcGnJ47Smlo?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=2939",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "NP Completeness II & Reductions",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e0tGC6ZQdQE&index=16&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "NP Completeness III",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fCX1BGT3wjE&index=17&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "NP Completeness IV",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NKLDp3Rch3M&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=18",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "CSE373 2020 - Lecture 23 - NP-Completeness",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ItHp5laE1VE&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DX6ic0HGT0PUX_wiNmkWkXx&index=23",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "CSE373 2020 - Lecture 24 - Satisfiability",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=inaFJeCzGxU&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DX6ic0HGT0PUX_wiNmkWkXx&index=24",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "CSE373 2020 - Lecture 25 - More NP-Completeness",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B-bhKxjZLlc&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DX6ic0HGT0PUX_wiNmkWkXx&index=25",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "CSE373 2020 - Lecture 26 - NP-Completeness Challenge",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_EzetTkG_Cc&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DX6ic0HGT0PUX_wiNmkWkXx&index=26",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "ewXUHpOnjm8YrLhce1dAQ": {
+    "title": "NP",
+    "description": "The NP in NP class stands for Non-deterministic Polynomial Time. It is the collection of decision problems that can be solved by a non-deterministic machine in polynomial time.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Trying to understand P vs NP vs NP Complete vs NP Hard",
+        "url": "https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com/questions/308178/trying-to-understand-p-vs-np-vs-np-complete-vs-np-hard",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Complexity: P, NP, NP-completeness, Reductions",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eHZifpgyH_4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=22",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Complexity: Approximation Algorithms",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MEz1J9wY2iM&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=24",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Complexity: Fixed-Parameter Algorithms",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4q-jmGrmxKs&index=25&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Lecture 23: Computational Complexity",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=moPtwq_cVH8&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=24",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Greedy Algs. II & Intro to NP Completeness",
+        "url": "https://youtu.be/qcGnJ47Smlo?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=2939",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "NP Completeness II & Reductions",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e0tGC6ZQdQE&index=16&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "NP Completeness III",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fCX1BGT3wjE&index=17&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "NP Completeness IV",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NKLDp3Rch3M&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=18",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "CSE373 2020 - Lecture 23 - NP-Completeness",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ItHp5laE1VE&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DX6ic0HGT0PUX_wiNmkWkXx&index=23",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "CSE373 2020 - Lecture 24 - Satisfiability",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=inaFJeCzGxU&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DX6ic0HGT0PUX_wiNmkWkXx&index=24",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "CSE373 2020 - Lecture 25 - More NP-Completeness",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B-bhKxjZLlc&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DX6ic0HGT0PUX_wiNmkWkXx&index=25",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "CSE373 2020 - Lecture 26 - NP-Completeness Challenge",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_EzetTkG_Cc&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DX6ic0HGT0PUX_wiNmkWkXx&index=26",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "mJJ8DGUpBuHEJ7I6UTy1T": {
+    "title": "NP Hard",
+    "description": "An NP-hard problem is at least as hard as the hardest problem in NP and it is the class of the problems such that every problem in NP reduces to NP-hard.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Trying to understand P vs NP vs NP Complete vs NP Hard",
+        "url": "https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com/questions/308178/trying-to-understand-p-vs-np-vs-np-complete-vs-np-hard",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Complexity: P, NP, NP-completeness, Reductions",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eHZifpgyH_4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=22",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Complexity: Approximation Algorithms",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MEz1J9wY2iM&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=24",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Complexity: Fixed-Parameter Algorithms",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4q-jmGrmxKs&index=25&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Lecture 23: Computational Complexity",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=moPtwq_cVH8&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=24",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Greedy Algs. II & Intro to NP Completeness",
+        "url": "https://youtu.be/qcGnJ47Smlo?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=2939",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "NP Completeness II & Reductions",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e0tGC6ZQdQE&index=16&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "NP Completeness III",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fCX1BGT3wjE&index=17&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "NP Completeness IV",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NKLDp3Rch3M&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=18",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "CSE373 2020 - Lecture 23 - NP-Completeness",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ItHp5laE1VE&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DX6ic0HGT0PUX_wiNmkWkXx&index=23",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "CSE373 2020 - Lecture 24 - Satisfiability",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=inaFJeCzGxU&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DX6ic0HGT0PUX_wiNmkWkXx&index=24",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "CSE373 2020 - Lecture 25 - More NP-Completeness",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B-bhKxjZLlc&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DX6ic0HGT0PUX_wiNmkWkXx&index=25",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "CSE373 2020 - Lecture 26 - NP-Completeness Challenge",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_EzetTkG_Cc&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DX6ic0HGT0PUX_wiNmkWkXx&index=26",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "Lwkz7qozXRlVNA20zJbSw": {
+    "title": "NP Complete",
+    "description": "A problem is NP-complete if it is both NP and NP-hard. NP-complete problems are the hard problems in NP.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Trying to understand P vs NP vs NP Complete vs NP Hard",
+        "url": "https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com/questions/308178/trying-to-understand-p-vs-np-vs-np-complete-vs-np-hard",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Complexity: P, NP, NP-completeness, Reductions",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eHZifpgyH_4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=22",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "P vs. NP and the Computational Complexity Zoo",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YX40hbAHx3s",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Complexity: Approximation Algorithms",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MEz1J9wY2iM&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=24",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Complexity: Fixed-Parameter Algorithms",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4q-jmGrmxKs&index=25&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Lecture 23: Computational Complexity",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=moPtwq_cVH8&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=24",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Greedy Algs. II & Intro to NP Completeness",
+        "url": "https://youtu.be/qcGnJ47Smlo?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=2939",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "NP Completeness II & Reductions",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e0tGC6ZQdQE&index=16&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "NP Completeness III",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fCX1BGT3wjE&index=17&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "NP Completeness IV",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NKLDp3Rch3M&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=18",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "CSE373 2020 - Lecture 23 - NP-Completeness",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ItHp5laE1VE&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DX6ic0HGT0PUX_wiNmkWkXx&index=23",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "CSE373 2020 - Lecture 24 - Satisfiability",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=inaFJeCzGxU&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DX6ic0HGT0PUX_wiNmkWkXx&index=24",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "CSE373 2020 - Lecture 25 - More NP-Completeness",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B-bhKxjZLlc&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DX6ic0HGT0PUX_wiNmkWkXx&index=25",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "CSE373 2020 - Lecture 26 - NP-Completeness Challenge",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_EzetTkG_Cc&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DX6ic0HGT0PUX_wiNmkWkXx&index=26",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "0btHNkzWL1w_-pUgU_k2y": {
+    "title": "P = NP",
+    "description": "The P = NP problem is one of the most famous problems in computer science. It asks if the problem of determining if a given input belongs to a certain class of problems is as hard as the problem of solving the given input. In other words, it asks if the problem of determining if a given input belongs to a certain class of problems is as hard as the problem of determining if a given input belongs to a certain class of problems. This problem is also known as the Halting Problem.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Whats P=NP?, and why is it such a famous question?",
+        "url": "https://stackoverflow.com/questions/111307/whats-p-np-and-why-is-it-such-a-famous-question",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "ZG-hWjVoS3p9XfrtBL0sD": {
+    "title": "Travelling Salesman Problem",
+    "description": "The Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP) is a classic problem in computer science. It is a problem that is NP-complete, which means that it is a problem that is hard to solve. It is also a problem that is used to test the efficiency of algorithms.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is the Traveling Salesman Problem?",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1pmBjIZ20pE",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "4.7 Traveling Salesperson Problem - Dynamic Programming",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XaXsJJh-Q5Y",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Traveling Salesman Problem | Dynamic Programming | Graph Theory",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cY4HiiFHO1o",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "yHeCRPhfAOWiggZeUHPU9": {
+    "title": "Knapsack Problem",
+    "description": "KnapSack Problem is a classic problem in computer science. It is a problem in which we are given a set of items, each with a weight and a value, and we need to determine which items to include in a collection so that the total weight is less than or equal to a given limit and the total value is as large as possible.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "How to solve the Knapsack Problem with dynamic programming",
+        "url": "https://medium.com/@fabianterh/how-to-solve-the-knapsack-problem-with-dynamic-programming-eb88c706d3cf",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "3.1 Knapsack Problem - Greedy Method",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oTTzNMHM05I",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "4QVVYjDODMWsjnrE-4UBs": {
+    "title": "Longest Path Problem",
+    "description": "Longest path problem is a problem that asks us to find the longest path in a graph.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Shortest/Longest path on a Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) | Graph Theory",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TXkDpqjDMHA",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Longest Simple Path - Intro to Algorithms",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lRH0tax5dFA",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "4qUVacMEz3XFiL_dMre6P": {
+    "title": "Tries",
+    "description": "Tries are a data structure that can be used to store strings. The idea is to store the characters of the string in a tree-like structure, where each node of the tree represents a single character. We can use this structure to store strings in a way that allows us to quickly search for strings with a common prefix.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "0. Tries - Coursera",
+        "url": "https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/home/week/4",
+        "type": "course"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "1. R Way Tries",
+        "url": "https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/CPVdr/r-way-tries",
+        "type": "course"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "2. Ternary Search Tries",
+        "url": "https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/yQM8K/ternary-search-tries",
+        "type": "course"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "3. Character Based Operations",
+        "url": "https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-part2/lecture/jwNmV/character-based-operations",
+        "type": "course"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Tries - DataStructure Notes",
+        "url": "http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/notes.html#Tries",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "The Trie: A Neglected Data Structure",
+        "url": "https://www.toptal.com/java/the-trie-a-neglected-data-structure",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "TopCoder - Using Tries",
+        "url": "https://www.topcoder.com/thrive/articles/Using%20Tries",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Stanford Lecture (real world use case)",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TJ8SkcUSdbU",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "MIT, Advanced Data Structures, Strings (can get pretty obscure about halfway through)",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NinWEPPrkDQ&index=16&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61hsJNdULdudlRL493b-XZf",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "7DF3UhefOSqqTuccH8c8X": {
+    "title": "Balanced Search Trees",
+    "description": "Balanced search trees are a type of data structure that allow for fast insertion, deletion, and lookup of data. They are a type of self-balancing binary search tree, which means that they are a binary tree that maintains the binary search tree property while also keeping the tree balanced. This means that the tree is always approximately balanced, which allows for fast insertion, deletion, and lookup of data.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Self-balancing binary search tree - Wikipedia",
+        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-balancing_binary_search_tree",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Balanced Search Trees Operations and Applications 11 min",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IbNZ-x1I2IM",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Balanced binary search tree rotations",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q4fnJZr8ztY",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "OUistS7H7hQQxVV-lOg39": {
+    "title": "AVL Trees",
+    "description": "AVL trees are a type of self-balancing binary search tree. They are named after their inventors, Adelson-Velskii and Landis. AVL trees are the most popular self-balancing binary search tree.\n\nIn practice: From what I can tell, these aren't used much in practice, but I could see where they would be: The AVL tree is another structure supporting O(log n) search, insertion, and removal. It is more rigidly balanced than red–black trees, leading to slower insertion and removal but faster retrieval. This makes it attractive for data structures that may be built once and loaded without reconstruction, such as language dictionaries (or program dictionaries, such as the opcodes of an assembler or interpreter)\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "AVL Trees",
+        "url": "https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/Qq5E0/avl-trees",
+        "type": "course"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "AVL Tree Implementation",
+        "url": "https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/PKEBC/avl-tree-implementation",
+        "type": "course"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Split And Merge",
+        "url": "https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/22BgE/split-and-merge",
+        "type": "course"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "MIT AVL Trees / AVL Sort",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FNeL18KsWPc&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=6",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "eOL0_SzxBn7_xhNcBDi2D": {
+    "title": "Red / Black Trees",
+    "description": "In computer science, a red–black tree is a kind of self-balancing binary search tree. Each node stores an extra bit representing \"color\", used to ensure that the tree remains balanced during insertions and deletions.\n\nThese are a translation of a 2-3 tree (see below).\n\nIn practice: Red–black trees offer worst-case guarantees for insertion time, deletion time, and search time. Not only does this make them valuable in time-sensitive applications such as real-time applications, but it makes them valuable building blocks in other data structures which provide worst-case guarantees; for example, many data structures used in computational geometry can be based on red–black trees, and the Completely Fair Scheduler used in current Linux kernels uses red–black trees. In the version 8 of Java, the Collection HashMap has been modified such that instead of using a LinkedList to store identical elements with poor hashcodes, a Red-Black tree is used.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Red-Black Tree - Wikipedia",
+        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red%E2%80%93black_tree",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "An Introduction To Binary Search And Red Black Tree",
+        "url": "https://www.topcoder.com/thrive/articles/An%20Introduction%20to%20Binary%20Search%20and%20Red-Black%20Trees",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Red-Black Trees (playlist) in 30 minutes",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZNqDI8qfOZgzbqahCUmUEin",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Aduni - Algorithms - Lecture 4 (link jumps to starting point)",
+        "url": "https://youtu.be/1W3x0f_RmUo?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=3871",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Aduni - Algorithms - Lecture 5",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hm2GHwyKF1o&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=5",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "3jiV9R82qxpqIGfpEq_wK": {
+    "title": "2 3 Search Trees",
+    "description": "In practice: 2-3 trees have faster inserts at the expense of slower searches (since height is more compared to AVL trees).\n\nYou would use 2-3 tree very rarely because its implementation involves different types of nodes. Instead, people use Red Black trees.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "23-Tree Intuition and Definition",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C3SsdUqasD4&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6&index=2",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Binary View of 23-Tree",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iYvBtGKsqSg&index=3&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "2-3 Trees (student recitation)",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TOb1tuEZ2X4&index=5&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "IaPd_zuLbiOCwoSHQLoIG": {
+    "title": "2 3 4 Trees",
+    "description": "In practice: For every 2-4 tree, there are corresponding red–black trees with data elements in the same order. The insertion and deletion operations on 2-4 trees are also equivalent to color-flipping and rotations in red–black trees. This makes 2-4 trees an important tool for understanding the logic behind red–black trees, and this is why many introductory algorithm texts introduce 2-4 trees just before red–black trees, even though 2-4 trees are not often used in practice.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "CS 61B Lecture 26: Balanced Search Trees",
+        "url": "https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_zqrqYXkth6Q",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Bottom Up 234-Trees",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DQdMYevEyE4&index=4&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Top Down 234-Trees",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2679VQ26Fp4&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6&index=5",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "UOYeM-hqIKCrB9hGez4Q_": {
+    "title": "K-ary / M-ary Tree",
+    "description": "Note: the N or K is the branching factor (max branches)\n\nBinary trees are a 2-ary tree, with branching factor = 2\n\n2-3 trees are 3-ary\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "K-Ary Tree",
+        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K-ary_tree",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "s0Pi6CemUUsmZSEu2j2gH": {
+    "title": "B-Tree",
+    "description": "Fun fact: it's a mystery, but the B could stand for Boeing, Balanced, or Bayer (co-inventor).\n\nIn Practice: B-Trees are widely used in databases. Most modern filesystems use B-trees (or Variants). In addition to its use in databases, the B-tree is also used in filesystems to allow quick random access to an arbitrary block in a particular file. The basic problem is turning the file block i address into a disk block (or perhaps to a cylinder-head-sector) address\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "B-Tree - Wikipedia",
+        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B-tree",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "B-Tree Datastructure",
+        "url": "http://btechsmartclass.com/data_structures/b-trees.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Introduction to B-Trees",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I22wEC1tTGo&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6&index=6",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "B-Tree Definition and Insertion",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s3bCdZGrgpA&index=7&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "B-Tree Deletion",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=svfnVhJOfMc&index=8&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "MIT 6.851 - Memory Hierarchy Models",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V3omVLzI0WE&index=7&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61hsJNdULdudlRL493b-XZf",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "B-Trees (playlist) in 26 minutes",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9xmBV_5YoZNFPPv98DjTdD9X6UI9KMHz",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "w-fvEiSJysywR3AOAB0ve": {
+    "title": "System Design",
+    "description": "System design is the process of defining the architecture, modules, interfaces, and data for a system to satisfy specified requirements. It is a very broad topic, and there are many ways to approach it.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "System Design Primer",
+        "url": "https://github.com/donnemartin/system-design-primer",
+        "type": "opensource"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "System Design: The complete course",
+        "url": "https://dev.to/karanpratapsingh/system-design-the-complete-course-10fo",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Career",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/career?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "System Design 101",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y-Gl4HEyeUQ",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Scaling the Unscalable",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a2rcgzludDU",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "System design interview: Scale to 1 million users",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YkGHxOg9d3M",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "-34WGppX6QC5fkCvfCghp": {
+    "title": "Horizontal vs Vertical Scaling",
+    "description": "Horizontal scaling is the process of adding more machines to your system. This is also known as scaling out. Vertical scaling is the process of adding more power to a single machine. This is also known as scaling up.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Scaling Horizontally vs. Scaling Vertically",
+        "url": "https://www.digitalocean.com/resources/article/horizontal-scaling-vs-vertical-scaling",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "System Design Basics: Horizontal vs. Vertical Scaling",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xpDnVSmNFX0",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Vertical vs. Horizontal Scaling for Database Servers",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R99R-SNbo9g",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "xDiS0HmrEoPjkQg9x2O3o": {
+    "title": "Load Balancing",
+    "description": "Load balancing is the process of distributing network or application traffic across a cluster of servers. Load balancing is used to improve responsiveness and reliability of applications, maximize throughput, minimize response time, and avoid overload of any single server.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Load Balancers 101",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=galcDRNd5Ow",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is Load Balancing?",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gGLophKzJs8",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "wAsZ-M5N9ERufQnBaXbAE": {
+    "title": "Clustering",
+    "description": "At a high level, a computer cluster is a group of two or more computers, or nodes, that run in parallel to achieve a common goal. This allows workloads consisting of a high number of individual, parallelizable tasks to be distributed among the nodes in the cluster. As a result, these tasks can leverage the combined memory and processing power of each computer to increase overall performance.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "System Design: Clustering",
+        "url": "https://dev.to/karanpratapsingh/system-design-clustering-3726",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "4u5w9QCptLWuY9O7_UU8V": {
+    "title": "Caching",
+    "description": "Caching is a way of storing data in a temporary storage to make future requests faster. It is one of the most important tools in the computer science toolbox.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "System Design - Caching",
+        "url": "https://dev.to/karanpratapsingh/system-design-the-complete-course-10fo#caching",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is Caching | System Design Basics",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=joifNgoXXFk",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "r8V9bZpc98SrLvXc070bZ": {
+    "title": "CDN",
+    "description": "A CDN is a network of servers that are distributed geographically. The servers are connected to each other and to the internet. The servers are used to deliver content to users. The content is delivered to the user from the server that is closest to the user. This is done to reduce latency and improve the performance of the content delivery.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Content Delivery Network (CDN) - System Design",
+        "url": "https://dev.to/karanpratapsingh/system-design-the-complete-course-10fo#content-delivery-network-cdn",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Content Delivery Networks",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6DXEPcXKQNY",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "qLLJ_ehC8tSRfXsorYMQz": {
+    "title": "Proxy",
+    "description": "A proxy server is an intermediary piece of hardware/software sitting between the client and the backend server. It receives requests from clients and relays them to the origin servers. Typically, proxies are used to filter requests, log requests, or sometimes transform requests (by adding/removing headers, encrypting/decrypting, or compression).\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Proxy - System Design",
+        "url": "https://dev.to/karanpratapsingh/system-design-the-complete-course-10fo#proxy",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Proxy Servers",
+        "url": "https://roadmap.sh/guides/proxy-servers",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "GZI8EsEqiMJX3fSbO_E-7": {
+    "title": "CAP Theorem",
+    "description": "The CAP theorem states that it is impossible for a distributed data store to simultaneously provide more than two out of Consistency, Availability and Partition Tolerance.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "CAP Theorem - Wikipedia",
+        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAP_theorem",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is CAP Theorem?",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_RbsFXWRZ10",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "LCPEzpyAuHY3ggN3nYrNN": {
+    "title": "Queues",
+    "description": "Messaging queues are a common way to decouple systems. They are used to decouple the producer of a message from the consumer of a message. This allows the producer to send a message and not have to wait for the consumer to process it. It also allows the consumer to process the message at their own pace.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Message Queues - System Design",
+        "url": "https://dev.to/karanpratapsingh/system-design-the-complete-course-10fo#message-queues",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is a Message Queue?",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xErwDaOc-Gs",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is a Message Queue and Where is it used?",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oUJbuFMyBDk",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "X1wv7xV69IEzepg8bF8oZ": {
+    "title": "Architectural Styles",
+    "description": "Architectural patterns are the fundamental organization of a system, defining how the system is composed and how its components interact. Architectural patterns are identified by their name, like client-server, peer-to-peer, and layered.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "List of software architecture styles and patterns",
+        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_software_architecture_styles_and_patterns",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "Kvz3Sn7L8CxP5ZXO1hlcU": {
+    "title": "REST",
+    "description": "REST, or REpresentational State Transfer, is an architectural style for providing standards between computer systems on the web, making it easier for systems to communicate with each other.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is a REST API?",
+        "url": "https://www.redhat.com/en/topics/api/what-is-a-rest-api",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Roy Fieldings dissertation chapter, Representational State Transfer (REST)",
+        "url": "https://www.ics.uci.edu/~fielding/pubs/dissertation/rest_arch_style.htm",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Learn REST: A RESTful Tutorial",
+        "url": "https://restapitutorial.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about REST API",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/rest-api?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "DeE_dZecLmKCjePovTfFS": {
+    "title": "GraphQL",
+    "description": "GraphQL is a query language for APIs and a runtime for fulfilling those queries with your existing data. GraphQL provides a complete and understandable description of the data in your API, gives clients the power to ask for exactly what they need and nothing more, makes it easier to evolve APIs over time, and enables powerful developer tools.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Apollo GraphQL Tutorials",
+        "url": "https://www.apollographql.com/tutorials/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about GraphQL",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/graphql?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "M4vdwAbjLPrLjWUsG_P1I": {
+    "title": "gRPC",
+    "description": "gRPC is a platform agnostic serialization protocol that is used to communicate between services. Designed by Google in 2015, it is a modern alternative to REST APIs. It is a binary protocol that uses HTTP/2 as a transport layer. It is a high performance, open source, general-purpose RPC framework that puts mobile and HTTP/2 first.\n\nIt's main use case is for communication between two different languages within the same application. You can use Python to communicate with Go, or Java to communicate with C#.\n\ngRPC uses the protocol buffer language to define the structure of the data that is\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "gRPC Website",
+        "url": "https://grpc.io/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "gRPC Introduction",
+        "url": "https://grpc.io/docs/what-is-grpc/introduction/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "gRPC Core Concepts",
+        "url": "https://grpc.io/docs/what-is-grpc/core-concepts/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about gRPC",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/grpc?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Stephane Maarek - gRPC Introduction",
+        "url": "https://youtu.be/XRXTsQwyZSU",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "YMO9oD_sbzyDZPNU2xZwe": {
+    "title": "Cloud Design Patterns",
+    "description": "These design patterns are useful for building reliable, scalable, secure applications in the cloud.\n\nThe link below has cloud design patterns where each pattern describes the problem that the pattern addresses, considerations for applying the pattern, and an example based on Microsoft Azure. Most patterns include code samples or snippets that show how to implement the pattern on Azure. However, most patterns are relevant to any distributed system, whether hosted on Azure or other cloud platforms.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Cloud Design Patterns",
+        "url": "https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/architecture/patterns/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Cloud",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/cloud?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "XeJi6TwpI5Uaszj00Uv_2": {
+    "title": "Long Polling",
+    "description": "Long polling is a technique used to implement server push functionality over HTTP. It is a method of opening a request on the server and keeping it open until an event occurs, at which point the server responds. This is in contrast to a regular HTTP request, where the server responds immediately with whatever data is available at the time.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Long polling",
+        "url": "https://javascript.info/long-polling",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What are Long-Polling, Websockets, Server-Sent Events (SSE) and Comet?",
+        "url": "https://stackoverflow.com/questions/11077857/what-are-long-polling-websockets-server-sent-events-sse-and-comet",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "gGmNJ8dK28iqrlQHPz6md": {
+    "title": "Short Polling",
+    "description": "In short polling, the client requests information from the server. The server processes the request. If data is available for the request, server responds to the request with the required information. However, if the server has no data available for the client, server returns an empty response. In both the situation, the connection will be closed after returning the response. Clients keep issuing new requests even after server sends the empty responses. This mechanism increases the network cost on the server.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What are Long-Polling, Websockets, Server-Sent Events (SSE) and Comet?",
+        "url": "https://stackoverflow.com/questions/11077857/what-are-long-polling-websockets-server-sent-events-sse-and-comet",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "bVjI14VismTHNCyA0mEBP": {
+    "title": "Web Sockets",
+    "description": "Web sockets are a bidirectional communication protocol between a client and a server. They are used for real-time applications like chat, multiplayer games, and live data updates. Web sockets are also used to establish a connection between a server and a client. This connection is then used to send data in both directions.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "JckRqZA8C6IqQLPpTCgf4": {
+    "title": "SSE",
+    "description": "Server-Sent Events is a server push technology enabling a client to receive automatic updates from a server via an HTTP connection, and describes how servers can initiate data transmission towards clients once an initial client connection has been established.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is Server-Sent Events (SSE) and how to implement it?",
+        "url": "https://medium.com/yemeksepeti-teknoloji/what-is-server-sent-events-sse-and-how-to-implement-it-904938bffd73",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Using server-sent events",
+        "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Server-sent_events/Using_server-sent_events",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Cryptography",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/cryptography?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "zvlTQ0A-My4QDrslp_lru": {
+    "title": "Databases",
+    "description": "A database is a collection of useful data of one or more related organizations structured in a way to make data an asset to the organization. A database management system is a software designed to assist in maintaining and extracting large collections of data in a timely fashion.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Oracle: What is a Database?",
+        "url": "https://www.oracle.com/database/what-is-database/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Prisma.io: What are Databases?",
+        "url": "https://www.prisma.io/dataguide/intro/what-are-databases",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Backend Development",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/backend?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "DBMS by Stanford",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D-k-h0GuFmE&list=PL9ysvtVnryGpnIj9rcIqNDxakUn6v72Hm",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "nprZscHdC_RdRIcGeGyVk": {
+    "title": "SQL vs NoSQL Databases",
+    "description": "SQL stands for Structured Query Language. It's used for relational databases. A SQL database is a collection of tables that stores a specific set of structured data. Some examples are PostgreSQL, MySQL, MariaDB etc.\n\nNoSQL stands for Not Only SQL. It's used for non-relational databases. A NoSQL database is a collection of collections that stores a specific set of unstructured data. Some examples are MongoDB, CouchDB, Redis etc.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about NoSQL",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/nosql?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "SQL vs. NoSQL: Whats the difference?",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q5aTUc7c4jg",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Database Design Tips | Choosing the Best Database in a System Design Interview",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cODCpXtPHbQ&t=22s",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "NoSQL vs SQL – Which Type of Database Should You Use?",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FzlpwoeSrE0",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "Rw7QjLC8hLtXSwmU_9kHC": {
+    "title": "Normalization / Denormalization",
+    "description": "Database normalization is a process used to organize a database into tables and columns. The idea is that a table should be about a specific topic and that only those columns which support that topic are included. This limits the number of duplicate data contained within your database. This makes the database more flexible by eliminating issues stemming from database modifications.\n\nDenormalization is the opposite of normalization. It is the process of adding redundant data to a database to improve read performance. This is done by adding duplicate data into multiple tables to avoid expensive joins. This is done at the expense of increased storage and decreased write performance.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Normalization vs. Denormalization | Events and Event Streaming",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sDU94hraq8g",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Normalization - 1NF, 2NF, 3NF and 4NF",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UrYLYV7WSHM",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "XnxxEmr2TyW2kOpB4gtR5": {
+    "title": "Entity-Relationship Model",
+    "description": "Entity relationship model is a high-level data model that describes the logical structure of a database. It is a graphical representation of entities and their relationships to each other, typically used in modeling the organization of data within databases or information systems.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD) Tutorial - Part 1",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QpdhBUYk7Kk",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD) Tutorial - Part 2",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-CuY5ADwn24",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "ii1vF74u3yrFNlw_21b3B": {
+    "title": "DDL",
+    "description": "DDL or Data Definition Language actually consists of the SQL commands that can be used to define the database schema. It simply deals with descriptions of the database schema and is used to create and modify the structure of database objects in the database. DDL is a set of SQL commands used to create, modify, and delete database structures but not data. These commands are normally not used by a general user, who should be accessing the database via an application.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "tcQSH-eAvJUZuePTDjAIb": {
+    "title": "DML",
+    "description": "The SQL commands that deals with the manipulation of data present in the database belong to DML or Data Manipulation Language and this includes most of the SQL statements. It is the component of the SQL statement that controls access to data and to the database. Basically, DCL statements are grouped with DML statements.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "05lkb3B86Won7Rkf-8DeD": {
+    "title": "DQL",
+    "description": "DQL statements are used for performing queries on the data within schema objects. The purpose of the DQL Command is to get some schema relation based on the query passed to it. We can define DQL as follows it is a component of SQL statement that allows getting data from the database and imposing order upon it. It includes the SELECT statement. This command allows getting the data out of the database to perform operations with it. When a SELECT is fired against a table or tables the result is compiled into a further temporary table, which is displayed or perhaps received by the program i.e. a front-end.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "4bUmfuP2qgcli8I2Vm9zh": {
+    "title": "DCL",
+    "description": "DCL includes commands such as GRANT and REVOKE which mainly deal with the rights, permissions, and other controls of the database system.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "_sm63rZNKoibVndeNgOpW": {
+    "title": "Locking",
+    "description": "Locks are used to prevent data from being modified by multiple processes at the same time. This is important because if two processes are modifying the same data at the same time, the data can become corrupted. Locks are used to prevent this from happening.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Locking in Databases and Isolation Mechanisms",
+        "url": "https://medium.com/inspiredbrilliance/what-are-database-locks-1aff9117c290",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Understanding Database Lock Timeouts and Deadlocks",
+        "url": "https://www.dbta.com/Columns/DBA-Corner/Understanding-Database-Lock-Timeouts-and-Deadlocks-148659.aspx",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Row-Level Database Locks Explained - (Read vs Exclusive)",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nuBi2XbHH18",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "W5B-v-BFcCRmuN0L1m6PI": {
+    "title": "ACID Model",
+    "description": "ACID are the four properties of any database system that help in making sure that we are able to perform the transactions in a reliable manner. It's an acronym which refers to the presence of four properties: atomicity, consistency, isolation and durability\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is ACID Compliant Database?",
+        "url": "https://retool.com/blog/whats-an-acid-compliant-database/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is ACID Compliance?: Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation",
+        "url": "https://fauna.com/blog/what-is-acid-compliance-atomicity-consistency-isolation",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "ACID Explained: Atomic, Consistent, Isolated & Durable",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yaQ5YMWkxq4",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "q3nRhTYS5wg9tYnQe2sCF": {
+    "title": "BASE",
+    "description": "The rise in popularity of NoSQL databases provided a flexible and fluidity with ease to manipulate data and as a result, a new database model was designed, reflecting these properties. The acronym BASE is slightly more confusing than ACID but however, the words behind it suggest ways in which the BASE model is different and acronym BASE stands for:-\n\n*   **B**asically **A**vailable\n*   **S**oft state\n*   **E**ventual consistency\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "uqfeiQ9K--QkGNwks4kjk": {
+    "title": "CAP Theorem",
+    "description": "CAP is an acronym for Consistency, Availability, and Partition Tolerance. According to the CAP theorem, any distributed system can only guarantee two of the three properties at any time. You can't guarantee all three properties at once.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is CAP Theorem?",
+        "url": "https://www.bmc.com/blogs/cap-theorem/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "CAP Theorem - Wikipedia",
+        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAP_theorem",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "An Illustrated Proof of the CAP Theorem",
+        "url": "https://mwhittaker.github.io/blog/an_illustrated_proof_of_the_cap_theorem/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "CAP Theorem and its applications in NoSQL Databases",
+        "url": "https://www.ibm.com/uk-en/cloud/learn/cap-theorem",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is CAP Theorem?",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_RbsFXWRZ10",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "g6HeyLptaAYx9QBKuHQyM": {
+    "title": "PACELC",
+    "description": "The PACELC Theorem is an extension of the CAP Theorem. One of the questions that CAP Theorem wasn’t able to answer was “what happens when there is no Partition, What Logical Combination then a Distributed System have?“. So to answer this, In addition to Consistency, Availability, and Partition Tolerance it also includes Latency as one of the desired properties of a Distributed System. The acronym PACELC stands for Partitioned, Availability, Consistency Else Latency, Consistency.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "PACELC Theorem",
+        "url": "https://www.scylladb.com/glossary/pacelc-theorem/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "BEbsUA39kZ5itqCwD585f": {
+    "title": "Indexes",
+    "description": "An index is a data structure that you build and assign on top of an existing table that basically looks through your table and tries to analyze and summarize so that it can create shortcuts.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Database Indexing Explained",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-qNSXK7s7_w",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "lOj_ReWI1kQ3WajJZYOWU": {
+    "title": "Views",
+    "description": "Views in SQL are kind of virtual tables. A view also has rows and columns as they are in a real table in the database. We can create a view by selecting fields from one or more tables present in the database. A View can either have all the rows of a table or specific rows based on certain condition.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Database Views",
+        "url": "https://www.ibm.com/docs/en/eamfoc/7.6.0?topic=structure-views",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "SQL Views - Wikipedia",
+        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/View_(SQL)",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "KhvYJtSCUBOpEZXjHpQde": {
+    "title": "Transactions",
+    "description": "In short, a database transaction is a sequence of multiple operations performed on a database, and all served as a single logical unit of work — taking place wholly or not at all. In other words, there's never a case where only half of the operations are performed and the results saved.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What are Transactions?",
+        "url": "https://fauna.com/blog/database-transaction",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "FjhZGhzJjYyDn0PShKmpX": {
+    "title": "Stored Procedures",
+    "description": "Stored Procedures are created to perform one or more DML operations on Database. It is nothing but the group of SQL statements that accepts some input in the form of parameters and performs some task and may or may not returns a value.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "SQL Stored Procedures",
+        "url": "https://www.programiz.com/sql/stored-procedures",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "3r21avMlo0xFB9i7PHccX": {
+    "title": "Database Federation",
+    "description": "Federation (or functional partitioning) splits up databases by function. The federation architecture makes several distinct physical databases appear as one logical database to end-users.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Database Federation",
+        "url": "https://dev.to/karanpratapsingh/system-design-the-complete-course-10fo#database-federation",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Database",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/database?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "WUEmEtlszbISSIWDKpvg6": {
+    "title": "Replication",
+    "description": "Replication is a process that involves sharing information to ensure consistency between redundant resources such as multiple databases, to improve reliability, fault-tolerance, or accessibility.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Database Replication",
+        "url": "https://dev.to/karanpratapsingh/system-design-the-complete-course-10fo#database-replication",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Replication (computing)",
+        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Replication_(computing)",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "3K65efPag2076dy-MeTg4": {
+    "title": "Sharding",
+    "description": "Database sharding is a method of distributing data across multiple machines. It is a horizontal scaling technique, as opposed to vertical scaling, which is scaling by adding more power to a single machine. Sharding is a common way to scale a database.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Sharding",
+        "url": "https://dev.to/karanpratapsingh/system-design-the-complete-course-10fo#sharding",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Backend Development",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/backend?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Sharding & Database Partitioning | System Design Basics",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RynPj8C0BXA",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Database Sharding - Watch",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hdxdhCpgYo8",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Database Sharding in 5 minutes",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kSH4bt8ypOQ",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "zG5t3HqbZnh9CGRqp1Sb-": {
+    "title": "Networking",
+    "description": "Networking is the process of connecting two or more computing devices together for the purpose of sharing data. In a data network, shared data may be as simple as a printer or as complex as a global financial transaction.\n\nIf you have networking experience or want to be a reliability engineer or operations engineer, expect questions from these topics. Otherwise, this is just good to know.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Khan Academy - Networking",
+        "url": "https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/code-org/computers-and-the-internet",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Networking",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/networking?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Computer Networking Course - Network Engineering",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qiQR5rTSshw",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Networking Video Series (21 videos)",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLEbnTDJUr_IegfoqO4iPnPYQui46QqT0j",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "pZ5x_zDYGzW9VxYycyXtN": {
+    "title": "OSI Model",
+    "description": "The OSI and TCP/IP model is used to help the developer to design their system for interoperability. The OSI model has 7 layers while the TCP/IP model has a more summarized form of the OSI model only consisting 4 layers. This is important if you're are trying to design a system to communicate with other systems.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Cloudflare - What is the OSI model",
+        "url": "https://www.cloudflare.com/learning/ddos/glossary/open-systems-interconnection-model-osi/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "TCP/IP and the OSI Model Explained!",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e5DEVa9eSN0",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "Fed5y1D95WPpqoVg7kmob": {
+    "title": "TCP/IP Model",
+    "description": "The OSI and TCP/IP model is used to help the developer to design their system for interoperability. The OSI model has 7 layers while the TCP/IP model has a more summarized form of the OSI model only consisting 4 layers. This is important if you're are trying to design a system to communicate with other systems.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Cloudflare - What is the OSI model",
+        "url": "https://www.cloudflare.com/learning/ddos/glossary/open-systems-interconnection-model-osi/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "TCP/IP and the OSI Model Explained!",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e5DEVa9eSN0",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "fYjoXB4rnkM5gg46sqVz5": {
+    "title": "DNS",
+    "description": "The Domain Name System (DNS) is the phonebook of the Internet. Humans access information online through domain names, like [nytimes.com](http://nytimes.com) or [espn.com](http://espn.com). Web browsers interact through Internet Protocol (IP) addresses. DNS translates domain names to IP addresses so browsers can load Internet resources.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is DNS?",
+        "url": "https://www.cloudflare.com/en-gb/learning/dns/what-is-dns/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How DNS works (comic)",
+        "url": "https://howdns.works/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about DNS",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/dns?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "DNS and How does it Work?",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wj0od2ag5sk",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "DNS Records",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7lxgpKh_fRY",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Complete DNS mini-series",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zEmUuNFBgN8&list=PLTk5ZYSbd9MhMmOiPhfRJNW7bhxHo4q-K",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "2tUwl-br-SRuwADSzmQag": {
+    "title": "HTTP",
+    "description": "HTTP is the `TCP/IP` based application layer communication protocol which standardizes how the client and server communicate with each other. It defines how the content is requested and transmitted across the internet.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Everything you need to know about HTTP",
+        "url": "https://cs.fyi/guide/http-in-depth",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is HTTP?",
+        "url": "https://www.cloudflare.com/en-gb/learning/ddos/glossary/hypertext-transfer-protocol-http/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "An overview of HTTP",
+        "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Overview",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "HTTP/3 From A To Z: Core Concepts",
+        "url": "https://www.smashingmagazine.com/2021/08/http3-core-concepts-part1/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "HTTP/1 to HTTP/2 to HTTP/3",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a-sBfyiXysI",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "HTTP Crash Course & Exploration",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iYM2zFP3Zn0",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "3pu2bGhoCLFIs6kNanwtz": {
+    "title": "TLS & HTTPS",
+    "description": "TLS (Transport Layer Security) is a cryptographic protocol that provides privacy and data integrity between two communicating applications. It is widely used to secure HTTP, although it can be used with any protocol. TLS is often used in combination with HTTPS, which is HTTP over TLS.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "SSL and HTTPS",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S2iBR2ZlZf0",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "SSL/TLS - Cristina Formaini",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rp3iZUvXWlM",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "u-c-UFegRb7xqsmvj9gVb": {
+    "title": "Sockets",
+    "description": "A socket is an interface for network communication. It is a way for two programs to communicate with each other over a network. It is a way for a client to send a request to a server and for the server to send a response back to the client.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "A Beginners Guide to WebSockets",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8ARodQ4Wlf4",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "WebSockets in 100 Seconds & Beyond with Socket.io",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1BfCnjr_Vjg",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "JnJbJtsqKbVETY2vdLqCO": {
+    "title": "Security",
+    "description": "Web security refers to the protective measures taken by the developers to protect the web applications from threats that could affect the business.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "OWASP Web Application Security Testing Checklist",
+        "url": "https://github.com/0xRadi/OWASP-Web-Checklist",
+        "type": "opensource"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Why HTTPS Matters",
+        "url": "https://developers.google.com/web/fundamentals/security/encrypt-in-transit/why-https",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Wikipedia - OWASP",
+        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OWASP",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "OWASP Top 10 Security Risks",
+        "url": "https://sucuri.net/guides/owasp-top-10-security-vulnerabilities-2021/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "OWASP Cheatsheets",
+        "url": "https://cheatsheetseries.owasp.org/cheatsheets/AJAX_Security_Cheat_Sheet.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Content Security Policy (CSP)",
+        "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/CSP",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Security",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/security?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "MIT 6.858 Computer Systems Security, Fall 2014",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "bDZ34BPm3lX06ERSE10cY": {
+    "title": "Public Key Cryptography",
+    "description": "Public-key cryptography, or asymmetric cryptography, is the field of cryptographic systems that use pairs of related keys. Each key pair consists of a public key and a corresponding private key. Key pairs are generated with cryptographic algorithms based on mathematical problems termed one-way functions.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Public-key cryptography - Wikipedia",
+        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public-key_cryptography",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Cryptography",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/cryptography?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Public Key Cryptography - Computerphile",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GSIDS_lvRv4",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Public Key Cryptography: RSA Encryption Algorithm",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wXB-V_Keiu8",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "7r7o8pYhFHVAJIv0wNT6X": {
+    "title": "Hashing / Encryption / Encoding",
+    "description": "Hashing is a one-way function that takes an input and produces a fixed-length output. The output is called a hash. The hash is a unique representation of the input. The hash is deterministic, meaning that the same input will always produce the same hash. The hash is irreversible, meaning that it is impossible to go from the hash back to the original input. The hash is collision-resistant, meaning that it is impossible to find two different inputs that produce the same hash.\n\nEncryption is a two-way function that takes an input and produces an output. The output is called ciphertext. The ciphertext is a unique representation of the input. The ciphertext is deterministic, meaning that the same input will always produce the same ciphertext. The ciphertext is reversible, meaning that it is possible to go from the ciphertext back to the original input. The ciphertext is collision-resistant, meaning that it is impossible to find two different inputs that produce the same ciphertext.\n\nEncoding is a two-way function that takes an input and produces an output. The output is called encoded text. The encoded text is a unique representation of the input. The encoded text is deterministic, meaning that the same input will always produce the same encoded text. The encoded text is reversible, meaning that it is possible to go from the encoded text back to the original input. The encoded text is not collision-resistant, meaning that it is possible to find two different inputs that produce the same encoded text.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Encryption",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/encryption?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Encoding, Encryption and Hashing -- Whats the Difference?",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-bAnBzvMLig",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "EX_e4B6G07zTb4JjJ7482": {
+    "title": "Hashing Algorithms",
+    "description": "Hashing algorithms are used to generate a unique value for a given input. This value is called a hash. Hashing algorithms are used to verify the integrity of data, to store passwords, and to generate unique identifiers for data.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Algorithms",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/algorithms?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Hashing Algorithms and Security - Computerphile",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b4b8ktEV4Bg",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Top Hashing Algorithms In Cryptography | MD5 and SHA 256 Algorithms Expalined | Simplilearn",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Plp4F3ZfC7A",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "SHA: Secure Hashing Algorithm - Computerphile",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DMtFhACPnTY",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "3rPSp135TdSCyvXzEzn4p": {
+    "title": "OWASP Top 10",
+    "description": "OWASP or Open Web Application Security Project is an online community that produces freely-available articles, methodologies, documentation, tools, and technologies in the field of web application security.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "OWASP Web Application Security Testing Checklist",
+        "url": "https://github.com/0xRadi/OWASP-Web-Checklist",
+        "type": "opensource"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Wikipedia - OWASP",
+        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OWASP",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "OWASP Top 10 Security Risks",
+        "url": "https://sucuri.net/guides/owasp-top-10-security-vulnerabilities-2021/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "OWASP Cheatsheets",
+        "url": "https://cheatsheetseries.owasp.org/cheatsheets/AJAX_Security_Cheat_Sheet.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "-emdKpD5uRNuvem5rbFXJ": {
+    "title": "How Computers Work",
+    "description": "Computers are everywhere. They are in our phones, our cars, our homes, and even in our pockets. But how do they actually work? How do they take in information, and how do they output information?\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "How CPU executes a program",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XM4lGflQFvA",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How computers calculate - ALU",
+        "url": "https://youtu.be/1I5ZMmrOfnA",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Registers and RAM",
+        "url": "https://youtu.be/fpnE6UAfbtU",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "The Central Processing Unit (CPU)",
+        "url": "https://youtu.be/FZGugFqdr60",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Instructions and Programs",
+        "url": "https://youtu.be/zltgXvg6r3k",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "1eglba39q426Nh0E0qcdj": {
+    "title": "How CPU Executes Programs",
+    "description": "Visit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Computing",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/computing?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How CPU executes a program",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XM4lGflQFvA",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "GDLKJkKgB-i7n0YcV2NDa": {
+    "title": "How Computers Calculate",
+    "description": "Visit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "How computers calculate - ALU",
+        "url": "https://youtu.be/1I5ZMmrOfnA",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "U3379F4AO1KSmGtVmPr27": {
+    "title": "Registers and RAM",
+    "description": "**_Registers_** are the smallest data-holding elements built into the processor itself. Registers are the memory locations that are directly accessible by the processor. The registers hold the instruction or operands currently accessed by the CPU.\n\nRegisters are the high-speed accessible storage elements. The processor accesses the registers within one CPU clock cycle. The processor can decode the instructions and perform operations on the register contents at more than one operation per CPU clock cycle.\n\n**_Memory_** is a hardware device that stores computer programs, instructions, and data. The memory that is internal to the processor is primary memory (RAM), and the memory that is external to the processor is secondary (**Hard Drive**). Primary memory or RAM is a volatile memory, meaning the primary memory data exist when the system's power is on, and the data vanishes as the system is switched off. The primary memory contains the data required by the currently executing program in the CPU. If the data required by the processor is not in primary memory, then the data is transferred from secondary storage to primary memory, and then it is fetched by the processor.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Registers and RAM",
+        "url": "https://youtu.be/fpnE6UAfbtU",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "AxiGqbteK7ZSXEUt_zckH": {
+    "title": "Instructions and Programs",
+    "description": "Visit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Instructions and Programs",
+        "url": "https://youtu.be/zltgXvg6r3k",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "DjTQjMbika4_yTzrBpcmB": {
+    "title": "CPU Cache",
+    "description": "Visit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Computing",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/computing?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "MIT 6.004 L15: The Memory Hierarchy",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vjYF_fAZI5E&list=PLrRW1w6CGAcXbMtDFj205vALOGmiRc82-&index=24",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "MIT 6.004 L16: Cache Issues",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ajgC3-pyGlk&index=25&list=PLrRW1w6CGAcXbMtDFj205vALOGmiRc82-",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "ETEUA7jaEGyOEX8tAVNWs": {
+    "title": "Porcesses and Threads",
+    "description": "Processes and threads are the basic building blocks of a computer program. They are the smallest units of execution in a program. A process is an instance of a program that is being executed. A thread is a sequence of instructions within a process that can be executed independently of other code.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Whats the difference between Process and a Thread?",
+        "url": "https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-difference-between-a-process-and-a-thread",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Operating Systems and System Programming",
+        "url": "https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley-webcast-PL-XXv-cvA_iBDyz-ba4yDskqMDY6A1w_c",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "RbdT5MOE4L-E7PPWKRITX": {
+    "title": "Process Forking",
+    "description": "Process forking is a way to create a new process from an existing process. The new process is a copy of the existing process. The new process is called a child process and the existing process is called a parent process.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Understanding fork() system call for new process creation",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PwxTbksJ2fo",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "fork() and exec() System Calls",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IFEFVXvjiHY",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "The fork() function in C",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cex9XrZCU14",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "jVsZFTzyrYEDyR8LiBQL0": {
+    "title": "Memory Management",
+    "description": "Memory management is the process of allocating and deallocating memory. It is a very important part of any programming language.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "MIT 6.004 L15: The Memory Hierarchy",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vjYF_fAZI5E&list=PLrRW1w6CGAcXbMtDFj205vALOGmiRc82-&index=24",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "MIT 6.004 L16: Cache Issues",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ajgC3-pyGlk&index=25&list=PLrRW1w6CGAcXbMtDFj205vALOGmiRc82-",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "O6-vG3FuoYet4D0hbiyrv": {
+    "title": "Lock / Mutex / Semaphore",
+    "description": "A lock allows only one thread to enter the part that's locked and the lock is not shared with any other processes.\n\nA mutex is the same as a lock but it can be system wide (shared by multiple processes).\n\nA semaphore does the same as a mutex but allows x number of threads to enter, this can be used for example to limit the number of cpu, io or ram intensive tasks running at the same time.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is the difference between lock, mutex and semaphore?",
+        "url": "https://stackoverflow.com/questions/2332765/what-is-the-difference-between-lock-mutex-and-semaphore",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is a Semaphore",
+        "url": "https://stackoverflow.com/questions/34519/what-is-a-semaphore/40238#40238",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "xUo5Ox_HTgGyeQMDIkVyK": {
+    "title": "Concurrency in Multiple Cores",
+    "description": "Visit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is the difference between multicore and concurrent programming?",
+        "url": "https://stackoverflow.com/questions/5372861/what-is-the-difference-between-multicore-and-concurrent-programming",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Concurrency in Multicore systems",
+        "url": "https://cs.stackexchange.com/questions/140793/concurrency-in-multiple-core",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "Ge2nagN86ofa2y-yYR1lv": {
+    "title": "Scheduling Algorithms",
+    "description": "CPU Scheduling is the process of selecting a process from the ready queue and allocating the CPU to it. The selection of a process is based on a particular scheduling algorithm. The scheduling algorithm is chosen depending on the type of system and the requirements of the processes.\n\nHere is the list of some of the most commonly used scheduling algorithms:\n\n*   **First Come First Serve (FCFS):** The process that arrives first is allocated the CPU first. It is a non-preemptive algorithm.\n*   **Shortest Job First (SJF):** The process with the smallest execution time is allocated the CPU first. It is a non-preemptive algorithm.\n*   **Shortest Remaining Time First (SRTF):** The process with the smallest remaining execution time is allocated the CPU first. It is a preemptive algorithm.\n*   **Round Robin (RR):** The process is allocated the CPU for a fixed time slice. The time slice is usually 10 milliseconds. It is a preemptive algorithm.\n*   **Priority Scheduling:** The process with the highest priority is allocated the CPU first. It is a preemptive algorithm.\n*   **Multi-level Queue Scheduling:** The processes are divided into different queues based on their priority. The process with the highest priority is allocated the CPU first. It is a preemptive algorithm.\n*   **Multi-level Feedback Queue Scheduling:** The processes are divided into different queues based on their priority. The process with the highest priority is allocated the CPU first. If a process is preempted, it is moved to the next queue. It is a preemptive algorithm.\n*   **Lottery Scheduling:** The process is allocated the CPU based on a lottery system. It is a preemptive algorithm.\n*   **Multilevel Feedback Queue Scheduling:** The processes are divided into different queues based on their priority. The process with the highest priority is allocated the CPU first. If a process is preempted, it is moved to the next queue. It is a preemptive algorithm.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "cpQvB0qMDL3-NWret7oeA": {
+    "title": "CPU Interrupts",
+    "description": "CPU Interrupts are a way for the CPU to communicate with the rest of the computer. They are a way for the CPU to tell the rest of the computer that it needs to do something. For example, if the CPU is running a program and it needs to read from the keyboard, it will send an interrupt to the keyboard to tell it to send the data to the CPU. The CPU will then wait for the keyboard to send the data and then continue running the program.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Computing",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/computing?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Video on Interrupts",
+        "url": "https://youtu.be/iKlAWIKEyuw",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "IEX6v_MYpE5Ylk_28K2ZU": {
+    "title": "Processes vs Threads",
+    "description": "Processes and threads are the basic building blocks of a computer program. They are the smallest units of execution in a program. A process is an instance of a program that is being executed. A thread is a sequence of instructions within a process that can be executed independently of other code.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Whats the difference between Process and a Thread?",
+        "url": "https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-difference-between-a-process-and-a-thread",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Operating Systems and System Programming",
+        "url": "https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley-webcast-PL-XXv-cvA_iBDyz-ba4yDskqMDY6A1w_c",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "C1eNsPjiQo8INbvL2Lt7L": {
+    "title": "K-D Trees",
+    "description": "K-D Trees are a data structure that allow for fast nearest neighbor search in high dimensional spaces. They are a generalization of binary search trees, and are used in a variety of applications, including computer vision and computational geometry.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "K-D Tree Algorithm",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y4ZgLlDfKDg",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "K-d Trees - Computerphile",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BK5x7IUTIyU",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "K96ggeWqd5OwoNnkL04pc": {
+    "title": "Skip Lists",
+    "description": "Skip lists are a data structure that allows you to perform operations on a sorted list in O(log n) time. Skip lists are a probabilistic data structure, which means that the probability of a certain operation taking a certain amount of time is a certain value. In the case of skip lists, the probability of an operation taking O(log n) time is 1.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Skip Lists - Wikipedia",
+        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skip_list",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Randomization: Skip Lists",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2g9OSRKJuzM&index=10&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "pLBfkzi0qfgVRqi_4AmMI": {
+    "title": "Co-NP",
+    "description": "Co-NP stands for the complement of NP Class. It means if the answer to a problem in Co-NP is No, then there is proof that can be checked in polynomial time.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Trying to understand P vs NP vs NP Complete vs NP Hard",
+        "url": "https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com/questions/308178/trying-to-understand-p-vs-np-vs-np-complete-vs-np-hard",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Complexity: P, NP, NP-completeness, Reductions",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eHZifpgyH_4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=22",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Complexity: Approximation Algorithms",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MEz1J9wY2iM&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=24",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Complexity: Fixed-Parameter Algorithms",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4q-jmGrmxKs&index=25&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Lecture 23: Computational Complexity",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=moPtwq_cVH8&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=24",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Greedy Algs. II & Intro to NP Completeness",
+        "url": "https://youtu.be/qcGnJ47Smlo?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=2939",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "NP Completeness II & Reductions",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e0tGC6ZQdQE&index=16&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "NP Completeness III",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fCX1BGT3wjE&index=17&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "NP Completeness IV",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NKLDp3Rch3M&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=18",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "CSE373 2020 - Lecture 23 - NP-Completeness",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ItHp5laE1VE&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DX6ic0HGT0PUX_wiNmkWkXx&index=23",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "CSE373 2020 - Lecture 24 - Satisfiability",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=inaFJeCzGxU&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DX6ic0HGT0PUX_wiNmkWkXx&index=24",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "CSE373 2020 - Lecture 25 - More NP-Completeness",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B-bhKxjZLlc&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DX6ic0HGT0PUX_wiNmkWkXx&index=25",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "CSE373 2020 - Lecture 26 - NP-Completeness Challenge",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_EzetTkG_Cc&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DX6ic0HGT0PUX_wiNmkWkXx&index=26",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "hTPLcuOW7eEE5oYhNfmOG": {
+    "title": "Bitwise Operators",
+    "description": "Bitwise operators are used to perform operations on individual bits of a number. They are used in cryptography, image processing, and other applications.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Bit Manipulation",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7jkIUgLC29I",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Binary: Plusses & Minuses (Why We Use Twos Complement) - Computerphile",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lKTsv6iVxV4",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Algorithms: Bit Manipulation",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NLKQEOgBAnw",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/public/roadmap-content/cyber-security.json b/public/roadmap-content/cyber-security.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8a40643c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/public/roadmap-content/cyber-security.json
@@ -0,0 +1,2378 @@
+{
+  "oimYzZYFXKjgvc7D4c-2u": {
+    "title": "Fundamental IT Skills",
+    "description": "Basic IT skills are the foundation for understanding and navigating the digital world, as well as playing a crucial role in cyber security. Given below are some essential IT skills that will help you enhance your experience with technology and better protect your digital assets.\n\nComputer Navigation\n-------------------\n\nUnderstanding how to navigate a computer's operating system is a vital skill. This includes knowing how to:\n\n*   Power on/off the device\n*   Manage files and folders\n*   Use shortcuts and right-click options\n*   Install and uninstall software\n*   Customize settings\n\nInternet Usage\n--------------\n\nHaving a working knowledge of how to navigate the internet will allow you to access information and resources more efficiently. Key skills include:\n\n*   Web browsing\n*   Internet searching\n*   Bookmark management\n*   Downloading files\n*   Understanding hyperlinks and web addresses\n*   Recognizing secure websites\n\nEmail Management\n----------------\n\nCommunication using email is an essential aspect of the modern digital world. Important email management skills are:\n\n*   Creating and organizing contacts\n*   Composing, sending, and receiving emails\n*   Detecting and avoiding spam and phishing emails\n*   Managing email attachments\n*   Understanding email etiquette\n\nWord Processing\n---------------\n\nWord processing is a basic IT skill that is useful in both personal and professional environments. Skills related to word processing include:\n\n*   Formatting text (font, size, bold, italic, etc.)\n*   Creating and editing documents\n*   Copying and pasting text\n*   Inserting images and tables\n*   Saving and printing documents\n\nSoftware and Application Installation\n-------------------------------------\n\nBeing able to install and manage software can make your experience with technology more efficient and tailored to your needs. Basic software-related skills include:\n\n*   Identifying reliable sources for downloading software\n*   Installing and updating applications\n*   Uninstalling unwanted or unnecessary programs\n*   Configuring applications according to your preferences\n*   Updating software to prevent vulnerabilities\n\nDigital Security Awareness\n--------------------------\n\nAs the digital world is constantly evolving, so too are cyber threats. Therefore, remaining vigilant and familiarizing yourself with common cyber security practices is crucial. Some fundamental digital security skills include:\n\n*   Creating strong, unique passwords\n*   Ensuring a secure and updated Wi-Fi connection\n*   Recognizing and avoiding phishing attempts\n*   Keeping software and operating systems updated\n*   Regularly backing up data\n\nBy honing these basic IT skills, you will be better prepared to navigate and protect your digital life, as well as making the most of the technology at your fingertips.",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Career",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/career?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "IT skills Training for beginners | Complete Course",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=On6dsIp5yw0",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "Ih0YZt8u9vDwYo8y1t41n": {
+    "title": "Computer Hardware Components",
+    "description": "When it comes to understanding basic IT skills, one cannot overlook the importance of familiarizing yourself with the essential computer hardware components. These are the physical parts that make up a computer system, and understanding their functions will help you troubleshoot issues and maintain your device better. Here's a brief overview of some of the primary computer hardware components:\n\nCentral Processing Unit (CPU)\n-----------------------------\n\nThe CPU serves as the heart and brain of a computer. It performs all the processing inside the computer and is responsible for executing instructions, performing calculations, and managing the flow of data.\n\n**Key Points:**\n\n*   Considered the \"brain\" of the computer.\n*   Performs all the major processes and calculations.\n\nMotherboard\n-----------\n\nThe motherboard is the main circuit board that connects all components of the computer. It provides a central hub for communication between the CPU, memory, and other hardware components.\n\n**Key Points:**\n\n*   Connects all other hardware components.\n*   Allows components to communicate with each other.\n\nMemory (RAM)\n------------\n\nRandom Access Memory (RAM) is where data is temporarily stored while the computer is powered on. The data is constantly accessed, written, and rewritten by the CPU. The more RAM a system has, the more tasks it can process simultaneously.\n\n**Key Points:**\n\n*   Temporary storage for data while the computer is on.\n*   More RAM allows for better multitasking.\n\nStorage (Hard Drives)\n---------------------\n\nStorage devices like hard disk drives (HDD) or solid-state drives (SSD) are used to store data permanently on the computer, even when the device is powered off. Operating systems, software, and user files are stored on these drives.\n\n**Key Points:**\n\n*   Permanent storage for data.\n*   Comes in HDD and SSD types, with SSDs being faster but more expensive.\n\nGraphics Processing Unit (GPU)\n------------------------------\n\nThe GPU is responsible for rendering images, videos, and animations on the computer screen. Its main function is to handle and display graphics, making your visuals smooth and responsive.\n\n**Key Points:**\n\n*   Handles and processes graphics and visuals.\n*   Important for gaming, video editing, and graphic design tasks.\n\nPower Supply Unit (PSU)\n-----------------------\n\nThe power supply unit provides the necessary power to all components in the computer. It converts the AC power from the wall socket into the DC power that the computer's components require.\n\n**Key Points:**\n\n*   Provides power to all computer components.\n*   Converts AC power to DC power.\n\nInput/Output Devices\n--------------------\n\nInput devices, such as a mouse, keyboard, or scanner, are used to interact with and input data into the computer. Output devices, like the display monitor and speakers, present information and data in a format we can understand.\n\n**Key Points:**\n\n*   Input devices allow users to interact with the computer.\n*   Output devices present information to the user.\n\nBy understanding these essential computer hardware components, you can enhance your knowledge of how a computer functions and improve your IT troubleshooting and maintenance skills. Happy computing!",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Hardware",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/hardware?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What does what in your computer? Computer parts Explained",
+        "url": "https://youtu.be/ExxFxD4OSZ0",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "F1QVCEmGkgvz-_H5lTxY2": {
+    "title": "Connection Types and their function",
+    "description": "In the realm of cyber security, understanding various connection types is crucial in maintaining a secure network environment. This section will provide you with an overview of different connection types commonly encountered in IT and their impact on security.\n\nWired Connections\n-----------------\n\nEthernet is the most widespread and commonly used wired connection type. It provides a secure, high-speed data transmission between devices, such as computers, routers, and switches, using Category 5 (Cat5) or higher cables. Ethernet connections are generally considered more reliable and secure compared to wireless connections because they are less vulnerable to interference and unauthorized access.\n\nUSB (Universal Serial Bus)\n--------------------------\n\nUSB is a popular connection type, primarily used for connecting peripheral devices such as keyboards, mice, and storage devices to computers. While USB provides a convenient way of expanding a computer's functionality, it also poses security risks. Using untrusted USB devices can lead to the spread of malware, making it essential to ensure that only trusted devices are connected to your system.\n\nWireless Connections\n--------------------\n\nWi-Fi is the most prevalent wireless connection type, allowing devices to connect to the internet and each other without the need for physical cables. Although Wi-Fi provides greater flexibility and mobility, it introduces additional security risks. To minimize these risks, always use encryption (preferably WPA3 or WPA2), strong passwords, and update your router's firmware regularly.\n\nBluetooth\n---------\n\nBluetooth is another widely used wireless connection type, primarily designed for short-range communication between devices such as smartphones, speakers, and headsets. While Bluetooth offers convenience, it can also be susceptible to attacks, such as Bluesnarfing and Bluejacking. To mitigate these risks, keep your devices updated, use Bluetooth 4.0 or higher, and disable Bluetooth when not in use.\n\nNetwork Connections\n-------------------\n\nA VPN is a secure tunnel that creates a private network connection over a public network (such as the internet) by encrypting data transfers between devices. VPNs help protect sensitive information from being intercepted by unauthorized parties and are especially useful when accessing public Wi-Fi hotspots. Always use trusted VPN providers to ensure your data remains encrypted and private.\n\nPeer-to-Peer (P2P)\n------------------\n\nP2P is a decentralized connection type where devices connect directly with each other, without the need for a central server. P2P is commonly used for file-sharing services and can pose significant security risks if utilized without adequate security measures in place. To minimize risks, avoid using untrusted P2P services and refrain from sharing sensitive information on such networks.\n\nIn summary, understanding and managing different connection types is an essential aspect of cyber security. By using secure connections and taking preventive measures, you can reduce the risk of unauthorized access, data breaches, and other malicious activities.",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Connection & Service Types Pt. 1",
+        "url": "https://youtu.be/TzEMiD2mc-Q",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Connection & Services Types Pt. 2 ",
+        "url": "https://youtu.be/4N3M1aKzoyQ",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "pJUhQin--BGMuXHPwx3JJ": {
+    "title": "OS-Independent Troubleshooting",
+    "description": "OS-independent troubleshooting techniques are essential for every cybersecurity professional since they allow you to effectively diagnose and resolve issues on any operating system (OS). By using these OS-agnostic skills, you can quickly resolve problems and minimize downtime.\n\nUnderstanding Common Symptoms\n-----------------------------\n\nIn order to troubleshoot effectively, it is important to recognize and understand the common symptoms encountered in IT systems. These can range from hardware-related issues, such as overheating or physical damage, to software-related problems, such as slow performance or unresponsiveness.\n\nBasic Troubleshooting Process\n-----------------------------\n\nFollowing a systematic troubleshooting process is critical, regardless of the operating system. Here are the basic steps you might follow:\n\n*   **Identify the problem**: Gather information on the issue and its symptoms, and attempt to reproduce the problem, if possible. Take note of any error messages or unusual behaviors.\n*   **Research and analyze**: Search for potential causes and remedies on relevant forums, web resources, or vendor documentation.\n*   **Develop a plan**: Formulate a strategy to resolve the issue, considering the least disruptive approach first, where possible.\n*   **Test and implement**: Execute the proposed solution(s) and verify if the problem is resolved. If not, repeat the troubleshooting process with a new plan until the issue is fixed.\n*   **Document the process and findings**: Record the steps taken, solutions implemented, and results to foster learning and improve future troubleshooting efforts.\n\nIsolating the Problem\n---------------------\n\nTo pinpoint the root cause of an issue, it's important to isolate the problem. You can perform this by:\n\n*   **Disabling or isolating hardware components**: Disconnect any peripherals or external devices, then reconnect and test them one by one to identify the defective component(s).\n*   **Checking resource usage**: Utilize built-in or third-party tools to monitor resource usage (e.g., CPU, memory, and disk) to determine whether a bottleneck is causing the problem.\n*   **Verifying software configurations**: Analyze the configuration files or settings for any software or applications that could be contributing to the problem.\n\nNetworking and Connectivity Issues\n----------------------------------\n\nEffective troubleshooting of network-related issues requires an understanding of various protocols, tools, and devices involved in networking. Here are some basic steps you can follow:\n\n*   **Verify physical connectivity**: Inspect cables, connectors, and devices to ensure all components are securely connected and functioning correctly.\n*   **Confirm IP configurations**: Check the system's IP address and related settings to ensure it has a valid IP configuration.\n*   **Test network services**: Use command-line tools, such as `ping` and `traceroute` (or `tracert` in Windows), to test network connections and diagnose potential problems.\n\nLog Analysis\n------------\n\nLogs are records of system events, application behavior, and user activity, which can be invaluable when troubleshooting issues. To effectively analyze logs, you should:\n\n*   **Identify relevant logs**: Determine which log files contain information related to the problem under investigation.\n*   **Analyze log content**: Examine events, error messages, or patterns that might shed light on the root cause of the issue.\n*   **Leverage log-analysis tools**: Utilize specialized tools or scripts to help parse, filter, and analyze large or complex log files.\n\nIn conclusion, developing OS-independent troubleshooting skills allows you to effectively diagnose and resolve issues on any system. By following a structured approach, understanding common symptoms, and utilizing the appropriate tools, you can minimize downtime and maintain the security and efficiency of your organization's IT systems.",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "How to identify 9 signs of Operating System.",
+        "url": "https://bro4u.com/blog/how-to-identify-9-signs-of-operating-system",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Trouble shooting guide",
+        "url": "https://cdnsm5-ss6.sharpschool.com/userfiles/servers/server_20856499/file/teacher%20pages/lindsay%20dolezal/it%20essentials/5.6.pdf",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "_7RjH4Goi0x6Noy6za0rP": {
+    "title": "Understand Basics of Popular Suites",
+    "description": "Software suites are widely used in professional and personal environments and provide various tools to perform tasks such as word processing, data management, presentations, and communication. Familiarity with these suites will allow you to perform essential tasks while also maintaining cyber hygiene.\n\nMicrosoft Office\n----------------\n\nMicrosoft Office is the most widely used suite of applications, consisting of programs such as:\n\n*   _Word_: A powerful word processor used for creating documents, reports, and letters.\n*   _Excel_: A versatile spreadsheet application used for data analysis, calculations, and visualizations.\n*   _PowerPoint_: A presentation software for designing and displaying slideshows.\n*   _Outlook_: A comprehensive email and calendar management tool.\n*   _OneNote_: A digital notebook for organizing and storing information.\n\nMicrosoft Office is available both as a standalone product and as part of the cloud-based Office 365 subscription, which includes additional features and collaboration options.\n\nGoogle Workspace (formerly G Suite)\n-----------------------------------\n\nGoogle Workspace is a cloud-based suite of productivity tools by Google, which includes widely known applications such as:\n\n*   _Google Docs_: A collaborative word processor that seamlessly integrates with other Google services.\n*   _Google Sheets_: A robust spreadsheet application with a wide array of functions and capabilities.\n*   _Google Slides_: A user-friendly presentation tool that makes collaboration effortless.\n*   _Google Drive_: A cloud storage service that allows for easy storage, sharing, and syncing of files.\n*   _Gmail_: A popular email service with advanced filtering and search capabilities.\n*   _Google Calendar_: A scheduling and event management application that integrates with other Google services.\n\nGoogle Workspace is particularly popular for its real-time collaboration capabilities and ease of access through web browsers.\n\nLibreOffice\n-----------\n\nLibreOffice is a free, open-source suite of applications that offers a solid alternative to proprietary productivity suites. It includes tools such as:\n\n*   _Writer_: A word processor that supports various document formats.\n*   _Calc_: A powerful spreadsheet application with extensive formula and function libraries.\n*   _Impress_: A presentation software that supports customizable templates and animations.\n*   _Base_: A database management tool for creating and managing relational databases.\n*   _Draw_: A vector graphics editor for creating and editing images and diagrams.\n\nLibreOffice is compatible with various platforms, including Windows, macOS, and Linux, and provides excellent support for standard file formats.\n\nIn conclusion, being proficient in using these popular software suites will not only improve your basic IT skills but also help you maintain good cybersecurity practices. Familiarity with these suites will enable you to effectively manage and secure your digital assets while also identifying potential vulnerabilities that may arise during their use. Stay tuned for further topics on enhancing your cybersecurity knowledge.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "T0aU8ZQGShmF9uXhWY4sD": {
+    "title": "Basics of Computer Networking",
+    "description": "Computer networking refers to the practice of connecting two or more computing devices, creating an infrastructure in which they can exchange data, resources, and software. It is a fundamental part of cyber security and IT skills. In this chapter, we will cover five aspects of computer networking, including networking devices, network types, network protocols, IP addresses, and the OSI model.\n\nNetworking Devices\n------------------\n\nSeveral devices enable and facilitate communication between different devices. Common networking devices include:\n\n*   **Hubs**: Devices that connect different devices together, transmitting data packets to all devices on the network.\n*   **Switches**: Similar to hubs, but transmit data packets only to specific devices instead of broadcasting to all.\n*   **Routers**: Devices that direct data packets between networks and provide the best path for data packets to reach their destination.\n*   **Firewalls**: Devices or software that monitor and filter incoming and outgoing network traffic, allowing only authorized data to pass through.\n\nNetwork Types\n-------------\n\nThere are various types of networks based on the distance they cover, and the number of devices they connect. A few common network types are:\n\n*   **Personal Area Network (PAN)**: Connects devices within an individual workspace, typically within a range of 10 meters.\n*   **Local Area Network (LAN)**: Covers a small geographical area, such as a home or office, connecting multiple computers and other devices.\n*   **Wide Area Network (WAN)**: Covers a larger geographical area, interconnecting different LANs, often using leased telecommunication lines or wireless links.\n*   **Virtual Private Network (VPN)**: A secure network established over the public internet, encrypting the data transferred and restricting access to authorized users only.\n\nNetwork Protocols\n-----------------\n\nProtocols are sets of rules that govern the communication between devices within a network. Some of the most common protocols include:\n\n*   **Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)**: Ensures the reliable transmission of data and establishes connections between devices.\n*   **Internet Protocol (IP)**: Facilitates the transmission of data packets, assigning unique IP addresses to identify devices.\n*   **User Datagram Protocol (UDP)**: A lightweight, fast, but less reliable protocol compared to TCP, often used for streaming and gaming applications.\n\nIP Addresses\n------------\n\nAn IP address is a unique identifier assigned to every device in a network. There are two types of IP addresses:\n\n*   **IPv4**: Uses a 32-bit addressing system, allowing for approximately 4.3 billion unique IP addresses.\n*   **IPv6**: Uses a 128-bit addressing system, providing a significantly larger number of available IP addresses.\n\nIP addresses can also be categorized as dynamic or static, depending on whether they change over time or remain constant for a device.\n\nOSI Model\n---------\n\nThe Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model is a conceptual framework used to understand and describe how different network protocols interact. It divides networking functions into seven distinct layers:\n\n*   **Physical Layer**: Deals with the physical connection between devices, including cabling and hardware.\n*   **Data Link Layer**: Handles the communication between adjacent devices on the same network.\n*   **Network Layer**: Identifies the best route for data packets and manages IP addresses.\n*   **Transport Layer**: Ensures the reliable transmission of data, including error checking and flow control.\n*   **Session Layer**: Establishes, maintains, and terminates connections between applications on different devices.\n*   **Presentation Layer**: Translates data into a format that is suitable for transmission between devices.\n*   **Application Layer**: Represents the user interface with which applications interact.\n\nMastering the basics of computer networking is key to understanding and implementing effective cyber security measures. This chapter has covered essential networking concepts, but it is important to continually expand your knowledge in this ever-evolving field.",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is Computer Networking?",
+        "url": "https://tryhackme.com/room/whatisnetworking",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Networking",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/networking?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Learn Networking in 3 hours (basics for cybersecurity and DevOps)",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iSOfkw_YyOU&t=1549s",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "hwAUFLYpc_ftCfXq95dey": {
+    "title": "NFC",
+    "description": "**Near Field Communication**, or **NFC**, is a short-range wireless communication technology that enables devices to interact with each other within a close proximity, typically within a few centimeters. It operates at a frequency of 13.56 MHz and can be used for various applications, such as contactless payment systems, secure access control, and data sharing between devices like smartphones, tablets, and other compatible gadgets.\n\nHow NFC works\n-------------\n\nWhen two NFC-enabled devices are brought close to each other, a connection is established, and they can exchange data with each other. This communication is enabled through _NFC Tags_ and _NFC Readers_. NFC Tags are small integrated circuits that store and transmit data, while NFC Readers are devices capable of reading the data stored in NFC Tags.\n\nNFC Modes\n---------\n\nNFC operates primarily in three modes:\n\n*   **Reader/Writer Mode**: This mode enables the NFC device to read or write data from or to NFC Tags. For example, you can scan an NFC Tag on a poster to access more information about a product or service.\n*   **Peer-to-Peer Mode**: This mode allows two NFC-enabled devices to exchange information directly. Examples include sharing data such as contact information, photos, or connecting devices for multiplayer gaming.\n*   **Card Emulation Mode**: This mode allows an NFC device to act like a smart card or access card, enabling contactless payment and secure access control applications.\n\nSecurity Concerns\n-----------------\n\nWhile NFC brings convenience through its numerous applications, it also poses security risks, and it's essential to be aware of these. Some possible concerns include:\n\n*   **Eavesdropping**: Attackers can potentially intercept data exchange between NFC devices if they manage to get into the communication range.\n*   **Data manipulation**: Attackers might alter or manipulate the data exchanged between the devices.\n*   **Unauthorized access**: An attacker can potentially exploit a vulnerability in your device, and gain unauthorized access to sensitive information.\n\nSecurity Best Practices\n-----------------------\n\nTo minimize the risks associated with NFC, follow these best practices:\n\n*   Keep your device's firmware and applications updated to minimize known vulnerabilities.\n*   Use strong and unique passwords for secure NFC applications and services.\n*   Turn off NFC when not in use to prevent unauthorized access.\n*   Be cautious when scanning unknown NFC Tags and interacting with unfamiliar devices.\n*   Ensure you're using trusted and secure apps to handle your NFC transactions.\n\nIn conclusion, understanding the basics of NFC and adhering to security best practices will help ensure that you can safely and effectively use this innovative technology.",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "The Beginner's Guide to NFCs",
+        "url": "https://www.spiceworks.com/tech/networking/articles/what-is-near-field-communication/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "NFC Guide: All You Need to Know About Near Field Communication",
+        "url": "https://squareup.com/us/en/the-bottom-line/managing-your-finances/nfc",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "NFC Explained: What is NFC? How NFC Works? Applications of NFC",
+        "url": "https://youtu.be/eWPtt2hLnJk",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "fUBNKHNPXbemRYrnzH3VT": {
+    "title": "WiFi",
+    "description": "**WiFi** stands for \"wireless fidelity\" and is a popular way to connect to the internet without the need for physical cables. It uses radio frequency (RF) technology to communicate between devices, such as routers, computers, tablets, smartphones, and other hardware.\n\nAdvantages of WiFi\n------------------\n\nWiFi has several advantages over wired connections, including:\n\n*   **Convenience**: Users can access the internet from anywhere within the WiFi signal's range, providing flexibility and mobility.\n    \n*   **Easy Setup**: WiFi devices connect to the internet simply by entering a password once, without the need for any additional cables or adapters.\n    \n*   **Scalability**: WiFi networks can easily expand to accommodate additional devices without the need for significant infrastructure changes.\n    \n\nSecurity Risks and WiFi Threats\n-------------------------------\n\nDespite its numerous benefits, WiFi also brings potential security risks. Some common threats include:\n\n*   **Eavesdropping**: Hackers can intercept data transmitted over a WiFi connection, potentially accessing sensitive information such as personal or financial details.\n    \n*   **Rogue access points**: An unauthorized user could set up a fake WiFi network that appears legitimate, tricking users into connecting and providing access to their devices.\n    \n*   **Man-in-the-middle attacks**: An attacker intercepts data transmission between your device and the WiFi network, potentially altering data or injecting malware.\n    \n\nBest Practices for Secure WiFi Connections\n------------------------------------------\n\nTo protect yourself and your devices, follow these best practices:\n\n*   **Use strong encryption**: Ensure your WiFi network uses the latest available encryption standards, such as WPA3 or, at minimum, WPA2.\n    \n*   **Change default credentials**: Change the default username and password for your WiFi router to prevent unauthorized access and configuration.\n    \n*   **Keep your router firmware up to date**: Regularly check for and install any available firmware updates to prevent potential security vulnerabilities.\n    \n*   **Create a guest network**: If you have visitors or clients, set up a separate guest network for them to use. This ensures your primary network remains secure.\n    \n*   **Disable WiFi Protected Setup (WPS)**: Although WPS can simplify the connection process, it may also create security vulnerabilities. Disabling it forces users to connect via the more secure password method.\n    \n*   **Use a Virtual Private Network (VPN)**: Connect to the internet using a VPN, which provides a secure, encrypted tunnel for data transmission.\n    \n\nBy understanding the potential security risks associated with WiFi connections and following these best practices, you can enjoy the convenience, flexibility, and mobility of WiFi while ensuring a secure browsing experience.",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Wireless Networks - Howstuffworks",
+        "url": "https://computer.howstuffworks.com/wireless-network.htm",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "That's How Wi-Fi Works",
+        "url": "https://youtu.be/hePLDVbULZc",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "DbWf5LdqiByPiJa4xHtl_": {
+    "title": "Bluetooth",
+    "description": "**Bluetooth** is a wireless technology used to transfer data between devices over short distances. It operates in the 2.4 GHz frequency band and offers a reasonably secure means of communication between devices like smartphones, computers, headphones, and more.\n\nBelow are some key points about Bluetooth:\n\n*   **Short-range communication**: Bluetooth typically works within a radius of 10 meters (33 feet), giving it a significant advantage in terms of power consumption when compared to other wireless technologies such as Wi-Fi. The short range also reduces the chances of interference between devices.\n    \n*   **Low power consumption**: Bluetooth devices are designed to use relatively low power compared to other wireless technologies. This aspect contributes to their widespread adoption in battery-powered devices like wearable gadgets and IoT sensors.\n    \n*   **Convenience**: Bluetooth allows for easy, automatic connection between devices once they have been paired. This 'pair and play' functionality ensures users can quickly establish connectivity between their devices with minimal effort.\n    \n*   **Security**: Bluetooth includes security features like encryption and authentication, which ensure secure communication between paired devices. However, users must remain vigilant in terms of keeping their devices up-to-date with the latest Bluetooth security patches and protocols.\n    \n*   **Potential vulnerabilities**: Despite its built-in security measures, Bluetooth is not immune to cyber attacks. Some common risks include \"bluejacking\" (unauthorized sending of messages or files), \"bluesnarfing\" (unauthorized access to device data), and \"BlueBorne\" (an attack vector that exploits Bluetooth connections to infiltrate devices and spread malware). Users should be cautious in their usage of Bluetooth and follow best practices like not accepting unknown connection requests and turning off Bluetooth when not in use.\n    \n\nIn conclusion, Bluetooth offers a convenient means of connecting devices wirelessly. While it provides reasonably secure communication, users must stay informed about potential vulnerabilities and follow good security practices to safeguard their devices.",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Bluetooth security risks to know (and how to avoid them)",
+        "url": "https://us.norton.com/blog/mobile/bluetooth-security",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Bluetooth security best practices from official website",
+        "url": "https://www.bluetooth.com/learn-about-bluetooth/key-attributes/bluetooth-security/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Bluetooth",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/bluetooth?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "KsZ63c3KQLLn373c5CZnp": {
+    "title": "Infrared",
+    "description": "Infrared (IR) is a type of wireless communication technology that utilizes light waves in the electromagnetic spectrum to transmit data between devices. Infrared connections are widely used in short-range communication, commonly found in devices like remote controls, wireless keyboards and mice, and computer-to-printer communication. Let's take a closer look at the features of infrared connectivity:\n\nAdvantages of Infrared Connections\n----------------------------------\n\n*   **Privacy:** Since IR signals don't penetrate walls, there's less chance of interference or eavesdropping from neighboring devices.\n*   **Ease of setup:** Infrared devices often require minimal setup, making them easy to use and hassle-free.\n*   **Low power consumption:** Infrared connections typically consume little power, which is suitable for battery-operated devices.\n\nDisadvantages of Infrared Connections\n-------------------------------------\n\n*   **Limited range:** Infrared transmissions have a short range, usually up to only a few meters.\n*   **Line-of-sight transmission:** The signal gets blocked if objects are in the way between the sender and the receiver, as IR uses line-of-sight transmission.\n*   **Slower data transfer rates:** Infrared connections have slower data transfer rates compared to other wireless technologies like Wi-Fi or Bluetooth.\n\nInfrared Security Considerations\n--------------------------------\n\nWhile infrared connections are generally secure due to their limited range and inability to penetrate walls, they are still susceptible to attacks. An attacker with direct access to the transmission path can intercept, modify or inject data into the communication.\n\nTo maintain security in infrared connections, consider the following precautions:\n\n*   **Encryption:** Use encryption methods to protect sensitive data transmitted over infrared connections.\n*   **Authentication:** Implement authentication mechanisms that confirm the identities of devices before allowing access.\n*   **Physical security:** Ensure that devices using infrared communication are located in secure areas, limiting the possibility of tampering or eavesdropping.\n\nIn summary, infrared is a useful technology for short-range communication purposes with certain benefits, such as privacy and low power consumption. However, it also has limitations and security considerations that must be addressed.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "E7yfALgu9E2auOYDOTmex": {
+    "title": "iCloud",
+    "description": "iCloud is a cloud storage and cloud computing service provided by Apple Inc. It allows users to store data, such as documents, photos, and music, on remote servers and synchronize them across their Apple devices, including iPhones, iPads, and MacBooks.\n\nFeatures and Benefits\n---------------------\n\niCloud offers a range of features and benefits that enhance the user experience and improve security. Here are some key aspects of the service:\n\n*   **iCloud Storage**: Users are provided with 5 GB of free storage space on iCloud, and they can upgrade to higher plans (50 GB, 200 GB, or 2 TB) for an additional cost. This storage can be used for documents, photos, videos, backups, and app data.\n    \n*   **iCloud Backup**: iCloud automatically backs up essential data from iOS devices when they are connected to Wi-Fi and charging. This includes app data, device settings, messages, and much more. In case of device loss or replacement, users can restore the backup to the new device.\n    \n*   **iCloud Photos**: This feature allows users to automatically upload and store their photos and videos on iCloud, making them accessible across all their devices. iCloud also syncs edits, deletions, and album organization, ensuring that the photo library stays updated across all devices.\n    \n*   **Find My**: This service helps users locate their lost Apple devices using their iCloud account on another device. It also offers features like remote device lock and erase, ensuring that user data remains secure even if the device cannot be recovered.\n    \n*   **iCloud Drive**: Users can store documents and files of various types in iCloud Drive, making them accessible from all devices. This feature is built into the Mac Finder and can also be accessed via the Files app on iOS devices or the iCloud website.\n    \n*   **App-specific Data Sync**: Many apps can make use of iCloud to sync their data across devices. This enables a seamless experience, ensuring that users can pick up where they left off regardless of the device they are using.\n    \n\nSecurity\n--------\n\nApple takes the security of iCloud very seriously and has implemented multiple layers of protection to keep user data safe. Some of these measures include:\n\n*   **Encryption**: Data stored on iCloud is encrypted during transit and on the server. Photos, documents, and other data are secured using a minimum of 128-bit AES encryption.\n*   **Two-Factor Authentication (2FA)**: Users can enable 2FA for their Apple ID to add an extra layer of security. This requires an additional verification step (such as entering a code received on a trusted device) when signing into iCloud or any Apple service.\n*   **Secure Tokens**: Apple uses secure tokens for authentication, which means that your iCloud password is not stored on your devices or on Apple's servers.\n\nOverall, iCloud is a convenient and secure way for Apple device users to store and synchronize their data across devices. This cloud-based service offers numerous features to ensure seamless access and enhanced protection for user data.",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "All about iCloud",
+        "url": "https://www.intego.com/mac-security-blog/everything-you-can-do-with-icloud-the-complete-guide/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "IOK_FluAv34j3Tj_NvwdO": {
+    "title": "Google Suite",
+    "description": "Google Suite, also known as G Suite or Google Workspace, is a collection of cloud-based productivity and collaboration tools developed by Google. These tools are designed to help individuals and businesses collaborate more efficiently and effectively. Here is a summary of some of the most popular tools in Google Suite:\n\nGoogle Drive\n------------\n\nGoogle Drive is a cloud storage service that allows users to store files, sync them across devices, and easily share them with others. With Google Drive, users get 15 GB of free storage, while more storage can be purchased as needed.\n\nGoogle Docs, Sheets, and Slides\n-------------------------------\n\nThese are the office suite tools that include a word processor (Docs), a spreadsheet program (Sheets), and a presentation program (Slides). All of these applications are web-based, allowing users to create, edit, and share documents in real-time with colleagues or collaborators. They also come with a variety of built-in templates, making it easier for users to quickly create and format their documents.\n\nGoogle Forms\n------------\n\nGoogle Forms is a tool for creating custom online forms and surveys. Users can design forms with various question types, including multiple-choice, dropdown, and text-based questions. The data collected from the forms can be automatically organized and analyzed in Google Sheets.\n\nGoogle Calendar\n---------------\n\nA powerful scheduling tool, Google Calendar allows users to create and manage individual or shared calendars. Users can create events, invite attendees, and set reminders for themselves or others. Google Calendar also integrates with Gmail, allowing users to create and update events directly from their email.\n\nGmail\n-----\n\nGmail is a widely-used email service that provides a clean and user-friendly interface, powerful search capabilities, and excellent spam filtering. Gmail also integrates with other Google tools, making it a seamless part of the overall suite.\n\nGoogle Meet\n-----------\n\nGoogle Meet is a video conferencing tool that allows users to host and join secure video meetings. With a G Suite account, users can schedule and join meetings directly from Google Calendar. Google Meet also supports screen sharing, breakout rooms, and live captioning during meetings.\n\nGoogle Chat\n-----------\n\nGoogle Chat is a communication platform for teams that provides direct messaging, group conversations, and virtual meeting spaces. Users can create chat rooms for specific projects or topics, collaborate on documents in real-time, and make use of Google Meet for video chats.\n\nThese are just some of the many tools offered by Google Suite. This platform is a popular choice for individuals, teams, and organizations looking for a comprehensive and efficient way to manage their work and communication needs.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "-5haJATqlmj0SFSFAqN6A": {
+    "title": "MS Office Suite",
+    "description": "Microsoft Office Suite, often referred to as MS Office, is one of the most widely-used software suites for productivity, communication, and document creation. It is a comprehensive set of applications designed to increase efficiency in both professional and personal settings. Below is an overview of the key applications within the MS Office Suite:\n\n*   **Microsoft Word:** A versatile word processing application that allows users to create, format, and edit text documents. It is equipped with various tools for formatting, spell-checking, and collaborating in real-time with others.\n    \n*   **Microsoft Excel:** Excel is a powerful spreadsheet application that enables users to create, edit, and analyze data in a tabulated format. Functions and formulas simplify complicated calculations while charts and graphs help visualize data.\n    \n*   **Microsoft PowerPoint:** PowerPoint is a widely-used presentation software that allows users to create visually engaging slides with various multimedia elements. It is an effective tool for sharing ideas, data and presenting complex concepts in an understandable format.\n    \n*   **Microsoft Outlook:** Outlook is an email management system that integrates emails, calendars, tasks, and contacts into a single platform. It enables users to efficiently manage their inboxes, organize schedules and manage contacts.\n    \n*   **Microsoft OneNote:** OneNote is a digital notebook that allows users to take notes, annotate, and capture and store information from various sources (including web pages), organize it intuitively, and sync it across devices.\n    \n*   **Microsoft Access:** Access is a relational database management system that provides users with the tools needed to create, modify, and store data in an organized manner.\n    \n\nAs part of Microsoft's Office 365 subscription, users also have access to cloud-based services like OneDrive, Skype for Business, and Microsoft Teams, which further enhance collaboration and productivity.\n\nWhen considering your cyber security strategy, it is essential to ensure that your MS Office applications are always up-to-date. Regular updates improve security, fix bugs, and protect against new threats. Additionally, it is crucial to follow best practices, such as using strong passwords and only downloading reputable add-ins, to minimize potential risks.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "wkuE_cChPZT2MHyGjUuU4": {
+    "title": "HackTheBox",
+    "description": "Hack The Box (HTB) is a popular online platform designed for security enthusiasts, penetration testers, and ethical hackers to develop and enhance their skills by engaging in real-world cybersecurity challenges. The platform provides a wide array of virtual machines (VMs), known as \"boxes,\" each with a unique set of security vulnerabilities to exploit.\n\nFeatures of Hack The Box\n------------------------\n\n*   **Lab Environment:** HTB offers a secure and legal environment for hacking challenges. The platform provides a VPN connection to a private network where the vulnerable machines (boxes) are hosted.\n    \n*   **Various Difficulty Levels:** The boxes on HTB come in varying levels of difficulty (easy, medium, hard, and insane), allowing users of different skill levels to participate and learn progressively.\n    \n*   **New Challenges Regularly:** New boxes are added to the platform regularly, ensuring that participants can continuously learn and enhance their cybersecurity skills.\n    \n*   **Community-driven:** The HTB community often collaborates and shares knowledge, techniques, and experiences, fostering a sense of camaraderie among members.\n    \n*   **Competition:** Users can compete against one another by attempting to solve challenges as quickly as possible and get to the top of the leaderboard.\n    \n\nParticipation Process\n---------------------\n\n*   **Registration:** To get started with HTB, you will need to register for an account on the platform. Interestingly, the registration itself is a hacking challenge where you are required to find an invite code using your web application penetration testing skills. This unique invitation process ensures that only interested and skilled individuals join the community.\n    \n*   **Connect to the VPN:** After registration, connect to the HTB private network using the provided VPN configuration file. This allows you to access the lab environment and the boxes.\n    \n*   **Select a Box and Hack it:** Browse the list of available boxes, select one that suits your skill level, and start hacking! Each box has a specific set of objectives like finding particular files, referred to as \"flags,\" that are hidden on the machines. These flags contain proof of your exploit and are used for scoring and ranking purposes.\n    \n*   **Submit Flags and Write-ups:** Upon solving a challenge, submit the flags you found to gain points and secure your spot on the leaderboard. Additionally, once a box is retired from the platform, you can create and share write-ups of your solution technique with the community.\n    \n\nHack The Box is an excellent resource for anyone looking to enhance their cybersecurity skills or explore the ethical hacking domain. Whether you're a beginner or a seasoned expert, HTB offers an engaging and collaborative environment to learn and grow as a cybersecurity professional.",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "HackTheBox website",
+        "url": "https://www.hackthebox.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "HTB Academy ",
+        "url": "https://academy.hackthebox.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Security",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/security?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "kht-L7_v-DbglMYUHuchp": {
+    "title": "TryHackMe",
+    "description": "[TryHackMe](https://tryhackme.com/) is an online platform for learning and practicing cyber security skills. It offers a wide range of cybersecurity challenges, known as \"rooms\", which are designed to teach various aspects of cybersecurity, such as ethical hacking, penetration testing, and digital forensics.\n\nKey Features:\n-------------\n\n*   **Rooms**: Rooms are tasks and challenges that cover a wide range of topics and difficulty levels. Each room has specific learning objectives, resources, and guidance to help you learn and apply cybersecurity concepts.\n    \n*   **Hands-on Learning**: TryHackMe focuses on providing practical, hands-on experience by giving participants access to virtual machines to put their knowledge to the test.\n    \n*   **Gamification**: TryHackMe incorporates gamification elements such as points, badges, and leaderboards to engage users and encourage friendly competition.\n    \n*   **Community Collaboration**: The platform has a strong and supportive community, where users can share knowledge, ask questions, and collaborate on challenges.\n    \n*   **Educational Pathways**: TryHackMe offers learning pathways to guide users through a series of related rooms, helping them develop specific skills and knowledge in a structured way.\n    \n\nGetting Started:\n----------------\n\nTo get started with TryHackMe, follow these steps:\n\n*   Sign up for a free account at [tryhackme.com](https://tryhackme.com/).\n*   Join a room based on your interests or skill level.\n*   Follow the instructions and resources provided in the room to learn new concepts and complete the challenges.\n*   Progress through various rooms and pathways to enhance your cybersecurity skills and knowledge.\n\nBy using TryHackMe, you'll have access to a constantly growing repository of cybersecurity challenges, tools, and resources, ensuring that you stay up-to-date with the latest developments in the field.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "W94wY_otBuvVW_-EFlKA6": {
+    "title": "VulnHub",
+    "description": "[VulnHub](https://www.vulnhub.com/) is a platform that provides a wide range of vulnerable virtual machines for you to practice your cybersecurity skills in a safe and legal environment. These machines, also known as virtual labs or boot-to-root (B2R), often mimic real-world scenarios, and are designed to train and challenge security enthusiasts, researchers, and students who want to learn how to find and exploit vulnerabilities.\n\nHow does VulnHub work?\n----------------------\n\n*   **Download**: You can download a variety of virtual machines (VMs) from the VulnHub website. These VMs are usually available in `.ova`, `.vmx`, or `.vmdk` formats, which can be imported into virtualization platforms like VMware or VirtualBox.\n*   **Configure**: After importing the VM, you'll need to configure the networking settings to ensure the host machine and the VM can communicate with each other.\n*   **Attack**: You can now start exploring the VM, searching for vulnerabilities, and trying to exploit them. The ultimate goal is often to gain root or administrative access on the target machine.\n\nLearning Resources\n------------------\n\nVulnHub also provides learning resources like walkthroughs and hints from its community. These resources can be very helpful if you're a beginner and feeling stuck or just curious about another approach to solve a challenge. Remember that it's essential to experiment, learn from your mistakes, and improve your understanding of various cybersecurity concepts.\n\nCTF Integration\n---------------\n\nVulnHub can also be a great resource to practice for Capture The Flag (CTF) challenges. Many of the virtual machines and challenges available on VulnHub mirror the type of challenges you might encounter in a CTF competition. By practicing with these VMs, you will gain valuable experience that can be applied in a competitive CTF environment.\n\nIn summary, VulnHub is an excellent platform for anyone looking to improve their cybersecurity skills and gain hands-on experience by exploiting vulnerabilities in a safe and legal environment. The range of challenge difficulty ensures that both beginners and experienced security professionals can benefit from the platform while preparing for real-world scenarios and CTF competitions.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "pou5xHwnz9Zsy5J6lNlKq": {
+    "title": "picoCTF",
+    "description": "[PicoCTF](https://picoctf.org/) is a popular online Capture The Flag (CTF) competition designed for beginners and experienced cyber security enthusiasts alike. It is organized annually by the [Plaid Parliament of Pwning (PPP)](https://ppp.cylab.cmu.edu/) team, a group of cyber security researchers and students from Carnegie Mellon University.\n\nFeatures\n--------\n\n*   **Level-based Challenges**: PicoCTF offers a wide range of challenges sorted by difficulty levels. You will find challenges in topics like cryptography, web exploitation, forensics, reverse engineering, binary exploitation, and much more. These challenges are designed to build practical cybersecurity skills and engage in real-world problem-solving.\n    \n*   **Learning Resources**: The platform includes a collection of learning resources to help participants better understand the topics they are tackling. This allows you to quickly learn the necessary background information to excel in each challenge.\n    \n*   **Collaborative Environment**: Users can collaborate with a team or join a group to work together and share ideas. Working with others allows for hands-on practice in communication, organization, and critical thinking skills that are vital in the cybersecurity field.\n    \n*   **Leaderboard and Competitive Spirit**: PicoCTF maintains a growing leaderboard where participants can see their ranking, adding an exciting competitive aspect to the learning experience.\n    \n*   **Open for All Ages**: The competition is open to individuals of all ages, with a focus on students in middle and high school in order to cultivate the next generation of cybersecurity professionals.\n    \n\nIn conclusion, PicoCTF is an excellent platform for beginners to start learning about cybersecurity, as well as for experienced individuals looking to improve their skills and compete. By participating in PicoCTF, you can enhance your knowledge, engage with the cyber security community, and hone your skills in this ever-growing field.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "WCeJrvWl837m1BIjuA1Mu": {
+    "title": "SANS Holiday Hack Challenge",
+    "description": "The **SANs Holiday Hack Challenge** is a popular and engaging annual cybersecurity event that features a unique blend of digital forensics, offensive security, defensive security, and other cybersecurity topics. It is hosted by the SANS Institute, one of the largest and most trusted sources for information security training, certification, and research worldwide.\n\nOverview\n--------\n\nThe SANs Holiday Hack Challenge incorporates a series of challenging and entertaining cybersecurity puzzles, with a festive holiday theme, for participants of all skill levels. The event typically takes place during the December holiday season, and participants have around a month to complete the challenges. It is free to participate, making the event accessible to a wide range of cybersecurity enthusiasts, from beginners to seasoned professionals.\n\nFormat\n------\n\nThe SANs Holiday Hack Challenge presents a compelling storyline where participants assume the role of a security practitioner tasked with solving various security issues and puzzles. Details of the challenges are weaved into the storyline, which may contain videos, images, and other forms of multimedia. Solving the challenges requires creative problem-solving and the application of various cybersecurity skills, including:\n\n*   Digital Forensics\n*   Penetration Testing\n*   Reverse Engineering\n*   Web Application Security\n*   Cryptography\n*   Defensive Security Techniques\n\nEach year, the Holiday Hack Challenge presents a new storyline and set of challenges aimed at providing real-world learning opportunities for those looking to improve their cybersecurity skills.\n\nPrizes\n------\n\nParticipants have a chance to win prestigious recognition for their performance in the challenge. By successfully solving the holiday-themed cybersecurity puzzles, participants may be awarded prizes, SANS training courses, certifications, or other recognition in the cybersecurity community.\n\nWhy Participate\n---------------\n\nThe SANs Holiday Hack Challenge is a valuable experience for people with an interest in cybersecurity, offering an entertaining and educational challenge. Reasons to participate include:\n\n*   **Skill Development**: The challenge provides an opportunity to sharpen your technical skills in various cybersecurity domains.\n*   **Networking**: Work with like-minded security enthusiasts to solve problems, share knowledge, and build connections in the industry.\n*   **Recognition**: Achieve recognition for your skills and contribution to tackling real-world cybersecurity issues.\n*   **Fun**: Experience the thrill of solving complex security problems while enjoying the festive theme and engaging storyline.\n\nIn conclusion, the SANs Holiday Hack Challenge offers a unique opportunity to develop your cybersecurity skills in a fun and challenging environment. Whether you are new to the field or an industry veteran, participating in this event will help you grow professionally and make valuable connections in the cybersecurity community. Don't miss the next SANs Holiday Hack Challenge!",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "SANS Holiday Hack Challenge",
+        "url": "https://www.sans.org/holidayhack",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Security",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/security?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "lbAgU5lR1O7L_5mCbNz_D": {
+    "title": "CompTIA A+",
+    "description": "CompTIA A+ is an entry-level certification for IT professionals that focuses on essential knowledge and skills in computer hardware, software, and troubleshooting. This certification is widely recognized in the IT industry and can serve as a stepping stone for individuals looking to start a career in the field of information technology.\n\nObjectives\n----------\n\nThe CompTIA A+ certification aims to test and validate foundational IT knowledge and skills, including:\n\n*   Installation, configuration, and upgrading of computer hardware, peripherals, and operating systems\n*   Basic networking concepts and maintenance of wired and wireless networks\n*   Troubleshooting and repair of computer hardware, software, and networks\n*   Understanding the basics of mobile device hardware and networking\n*   Familiarity with security concepts, operating system maintenance, and disaster recovery\n\nExams\n-----\n\nTo earn the CompTIA A+ certification, you'll need to pass two exams:\n\n*   **CompTIA A+ 220-1001 (Core 1)**: This exam covers topics like mobile devices, networking technology, hardware, virtualization, and cloud computing.\n*   **CompTIA A+ 220-1002 (Core 2)**: This exam focuses on topics such as operating systems, security, software troubleshooting, and operational procedures.\n\nBoth exams consist of 90 questions each, which you'll need to complete within 90 minutes. The passing score is 675 for Core 1 and 700 for Core 2 (on a scale of 100-900).\n\nRecommended Experience\n----------------------\n\nThough the CompTIA A+ certification is designed for beginners, it's recommended that you have at least 9-12 months of hands-on experience in the lab or field before attempting the exams. If you don't have prior experience, you could consider taking a training course or working through hands-on labs to gain the required knowledge and skills.\n\nBenefits\n--------\n\nAchieving a CompTIA A+ certification can offer several benefits, such as:\n\n*   Establishing your credibility as an IT professional with a strong foundation in hardware, software, and networking\n*   Demonstrating your commitment to continuing education and career growth in the IT industry\n*   Improving your employability and widening your job prospects, especially for entry-level IT roles\n*   Serving as a prerequisite for more advanced certifications, such as CompTIA Network+ and CompTIA Security+\n\nOverall, if you're an aspiring IT professional, the CompTIA A+ certification is a great starting point to kick off your IT career and begin acquiring the skills and knowledge needed to thrive in this ever-evolving industry.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Total Seminars - CompTIA A+ Core 1 (220-1101)",
+        "url": "https://www.udemy.com/course/comptia-aplus-core-1/",
+        "type": "course"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Total Seminars - CompTIA A+ Core 2 (220-1102)",
+        "url": "https://www.udemy.com/course/comptia-aplus-core-2/",
+        "type": "course"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Dion Training - CompTIA A+ Core 1 (220-1101)",
+        "url": "https://www.udemy.com/course/comptia-a-core-1/",
+        "type": "course"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Dion Training - CompTIA A+ Core 2 (220-1102)",
+        "url": "https://www.udemy.com/course/comptia-a-core-2//",
+        "type": "course"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "CompTIA A+ Certification",
+        "url": "https://www.comptia.org/certifications/a",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "CompTIA A+ 220-1101 - Professor Messer's Course FREE",
+        "url": "https://www.professormesser.com/free-a-plus-training/220-1101/220-1101-video/220-1101-training-course/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "CompTIA A+ 220-1102 - Professor Messer's Course FREE",
+        "url": "https://www.professormesser.com/free-a-plus-training/220-1102/220-1102-video/220-1102-training-course/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "p34Qwlj2sjwEPR2ay1WOK": {
+    "title": "CompTIA Linux+",
+    "description": "The CompTIA Linux+ certification is an entry-level certification aimed at individuals who are seeking to learn and demonstrate their skills and knowledge of the Linux operating system. This certification is widely recognized in the IT industry as an essential qualification for entry-level Linux administrators and helps them gain a strong foundation in Linux system administration tasks.\n\nOverview\n--------\n\n*   **Difficulty Level:** Beginner\n*   **Certification Type:** Professional\n*   **Exam Format:** Multiple-choice and performance-based\n*   **Duration:** 90 minutes\n*   **Number of Questions:** Maximum of 90\n*   **Passing Score:** 720 (on a scale of 100-900)\n\nTopics Covered\n--------------\n\nThe CompTIA Linux+ certification covers various aspects related to Linux, including:\n\n*   **System Architecture:** Hardware settings, boot sequence, kernel modules, and system boot.\n    \n*   **Linux Installation and Package Management:** Designing hard disk layout, installing a boot manager, managing shared libraries, using Debian and RPM package management.\n    \n*   **GNU and Unix Commands:** Bash commands, text processing, redirection and pipes, and managing processes.\n    \n*   **Devices, Linux Filesystems, and Filesystem Hierarchy Standard:** Creating and configuring filesystems, maintaining the integrity of filesystems, managing disk quotas, and using file permissions to control access.\n    \n*   **Shells, Scripting, and Data Management:** Customizing and writing shell scripts, managing SQL data, and using regular expressions.\n    \n*   **User Interfaces and Desktops:** Installing X11, setting up display managers, and managing accessibility settings.\n    \n*   Administrative Tasks: Managing user and group accounts, automating system administration tasks, localization, and system logging.\n    \n*   Essential System Services: Configuring, managing, and troubleshooting network services, time synchronization, and system logging.\n    \n*   Network Fundamentals: Addressing and routing fundamentals, troubleshooting network issues, and configuring DNS clients.\n    \n*   Security: Perform security administration tasks, set up host security, and secure data with encryption.\n    \n\nSkills Gained\n-------------\n\nBy earning the CompTIA Linux+ certification, you will be equipped with the knowledge and skills to:\n\n*   Install, configure, and maintain Linux systems.\n*   Perform essential Linux system administration tasks.\n*   Troubleshoot and resolve issues related to Linux systems.\n*   Implement basic security measures on Linux systems.\n\nExam Preparation\n----------------\n\nCompTIA provides a range of study materials and resources, including:\n\n*   CompTIA Linux+ Study Guide: Thoroughly covers the exam objectives to help you prepare for the certification.\n*   CompTIA Linux+ CertMaster Practice: A comprehensive online practice platform that helps you assess your knowledge and identify areas for improvement.\n*   CompTIA Linux+ CertMaster Learn: Interactive learning experience offering a customizable learning path, flashcards, quizzes, and assessments.\n\nConclusion\n----------\n\nThe CompTIA Linux+ certification is an excellent starting point for aspiring Linux professionals, as it validates essential skills required for entry-level Linux administration roles. By obtaining this certification, you can enhance your career prospects and demonstrate your competence to potential employers. So, buckle up and start your Linux journey with the CompTIA Linux+ certification!",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Dion Training",
+        "url": "https://www.udemy.com/course/comptia-linux/",
+        "type": "course"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Official CompTIA Linux+",
+        "url": "https://www.comptia.org/certifications/linux",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "CompTIA Linux+ Exam Prep (XK0-005 revision)",
+        "url": "https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PL78ppT-_wOmuwT9idLvuoKOn6UYurFKCp&si=0OAFuOOsjko8Gg61",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "4RGbNOfMPDbBcvUFWTTCV": {
+    "title": "CompTIA Network+",
+    "description": "The CompTIA Network+ is a highly sought-after certification for IT professionals who aim to build a solid foundation in networking concepts and practices. This certification is vendor-neutral, meaning that it covers a broad range of knowledge that can be applied to various network technologies, products, and solutions. The Network+ certification is designed for beginners in the world of IT networking, and it is recommended that you first obtain the [CompTIA A+ certification](#) before moving on to Network+.\n\nTopics Covered\n--------------\n\nThe CompTIA Network+ certification covers several essential networking topics, such as:\n\n*   **Networking Concepts**: This includes understanding network architectures, devices, protocols, and services.\n*   **Infrastructure**: Learn about the various network components such as cabling, network devices, and storage.\n*   **Network Operations**: Gain knowledge on how to monitor, analyze, and optimize network performance, as well as maintain network documentation and policies.\n*   **Network Security**: Understand the fundamentals of securing a network, including access control, encryption, and firewalls.\n*   **Network Troubleshooting and Tools**: Learn how to troubleshoot and resolve network issues using various diagnostic tools and techniques.\n\nExam Details\n------------\n\nTo become Network+ certified, you must pass the [N10-008 exam](https://www.comptia.org/certifications/network) or [N10-009 exam](https://www.comptia.org/certifications/network). The exam consists of:\n\n*   Up to 90 questions, including multiple-choice and performance-based questions\n*   Duration: 90 minutes\n*   Passing Score: 720 out of 900\n*   Exam Cost: $369 USD\n\nBenefits of CompTIA Network+ Certification\n------------------------------------------\n\nBy earning the CompTIA Network+ certification, you can demonstrate your competency in networking fundamentals and start your journey as an IT professional. The benefits of this certification include:\n\n*   **Increased job opportunities**: A Network+ certification showcases your knowledge in networking, which can help you land entry-level positions such as network administrator or network technician.\n*   **Higher salary potential**: Professionals with the Network+ certification typically enjoy higher salaries compared to their non-certified counterparts.\n*   **Professional growth**: Gaining the Network+ certification helps you stay up-to-date with networking technologies and sets the stage for more advanced certifications, such as [CompTIA Security+](#) or [Cisco CCNA](#).\n*   **Vendor-neutral**: Since the Network+ certification covers a broad range of networking topics, it is applicable to many different network environments and technologies.\n\nTo get started with your CompTIA Network+ certification journey, [visit the official CompTIA website](https://www.comptia.org/certifications/network) for more information on the certification, exam preparation, and testing centers.\n\nPreparation Resources\n---------------------\n\n*   **Strengthen Networking Fundamentals:**: The CompTIA Network+ exam emphasizes understanding networking fundamentals. To build a solid foundation, grasp concepts like TCP/IP protocols, subnetting, the OSI model, network devices, and addressing schemes.\n    \n*   **Engage in Hands-on Practice:**: Theory alone won't suffice for excelling in the N10-008 or N10-009 exam. Practical experience is crucial for understanding networking concepts and troubleshooting scenarios. Take practice exams to assess your readiness and get familiar with the exam format. Additionally, work with virtual labs to enhance your practical understanding of network configurations and troubleshooting.\n    \n\nRecommended resources include:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Total Seminars",
+        "url": "https://www.udemy.com/course/comptia-networkplus-certification/",
+        "type": "course"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Dion Training",
+        "url": "https://www.udemy.com/course/comptia-network-009/",
+        "type": "course"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Official CompTIA Network+",
+        "url": "https://www.comptia.org/certifications/network",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Professor Messer’s CompTIA N10-008 Network+ Course FREE",
+        "url": "https://www.professormesser.com/network-plus/n10-008/n10-008-video/n10-008-training-course/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "CompTIA Network+ Full Course FREE [23+ Hours]",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xmpYfyNmWbw",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "4RD22UZATfL8dc71YkJwQ": {
+    "title": "CCNA",
+    "description": "The Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA) certification is an entry-level certification for IT professionals who want to specialize in networking, specifically within the realm of Cisco products. This certification validates an individual's ability to install, configure, operate, and troubleshoot medium-sized routed and switched networks. It also covers the essentials of network security and management.\n\nKey Concepts\n------------\n\nAs a CCNA candidate, you will learn the following concepts:\n\n*   Network fundamentals: understanding the basics of networking technologies, such as how devices communicate and how data is transmitted\n*   LAN switching technologies: understanding how switches work and how to configure them for optimal performance\n*   IPv4 and IPv6 routing technologies: learning how routers process packets and route data between networks\n*   WAN technologies: understanding Wide Area Networks (WANs) and how they are used to connect geographically dispersed networks\n*   Infrastructure services: learning about DHCP, DNS, and other essential network services\n*   Infrastructure security: understanding how to secure network devices and implement basic security measures\n*   Infrastructure management: learning about SNMP, Syslog, and other tools for network monitoring and management\n\nCCNA Exam\n---------\n\nTo obtain the CCNA certification, you will need to pass a single exam, currently the \"200-301 CCNA\" exam. This exam tests your knowledge and skills in the aforementioned key concepts. The exam consists of multiple-choice, drag-and-drop, and simulation questions that assess your understanding of networking theory, as well as your ability to perform practical tasks.\n\nWhy CCNA?\n---------\n\nA CCNA certification can provide you with a solid foundation in networking and open doors to various career opportunities, such as network administrator, network engineer, or security specialist roles. Many employers value CCNA-certified professionals for their validated skills in working with Cisco networking products and their understanding of networking fundamentals. Additionally, attaining a CCNA certification can serve as a stepping stone towards more advanced Cisco certifications, such as the Cisco Certified Network Professional (CCNP) and the Cisco Certified Internetwork Expert (CCIE).",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Free CCNA 200-301 | Complete Course 2023 by Jeremy's IT Lab",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLxbwE86jKRgMpuZuLBivzlM8s2Dk5lXBQ",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "AxeDcKK3cUtEojtHQPBw7": {
+    "title": "CompTIA Security+",
+    "description": "CompTIA Security+ is a highly recognized and respected certification for individuals seeking to start their careers in the field of cybersecurity. This certification is vendor-neutral, meaning it doesn't focus on any specific technology or platform, and provides a solid foundation in cybersecurity principles, concepts, and best practices.\n\nOverview\n--------\n\nThe CompTIA Security+ certification covers a variety of essential topics, including:\n\n*   Network security\n*   Threat management\n*   Application, data, and host security\n*   Access control and identity management\n*   Cryptography\n*   Compliance and operational security\n\nEarning the Security+ certification can open the door to various entry-level cybersecurity roles such as Security Analyst, Security Engineer, or Network Security Specialist.\n\nExam Details\n------------\n\nTo earn the CompTIA Security+ certification, candidates must pass the SY0-701 exam. The exam consists of 90 questions, which are a mix of multiple-choice and performance-based questions. Candidates are given 90 minutes to complete the exam, and a score of 750 out of 900 is required to pass.\n\nPreparation Resources\n---------------------\n\nPreparation for the CompTIA Security+ exam involves a combination of self-study, instructor-led courses, and hands-on experience in the cybersecurity field. Recommended resources include:\n\nWhile there are no formal prerequisites to take the Security+ exam, CompTIA recommends candidates have two years of experience in IT administration, focusing on security, and a CompTIA Network+ certification.\n\nOverall, the CompTIA Security+ certification is an excellent choice for those looking to begin their journey in cybersecurity. It provides candidates with a strong foundational knowledge, while also serving as a stepping stone for more advanced certifications in the field.",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Dion Training",
+        "url": "https://www.udemy.com/course/securityplus/",
+        "type": "course"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Total Seminars",
+        "url": "https://www.udemy.com/course/total-comptia-security-plus/",
+        "type": "course"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "CompTIA Security+ 701 Audio Course Podcast",
+        "url": "https://open.spotify.com/show/1Ch1IPQc9V9FULKSBc6UfO?si=994f9ee5a0a24ee6",
+        "type": "podcast"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Official CompTIA Security+ Study Guide",
+        "url": "https://www.comptia.org/training/books/security-sy0-701-study-guide",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "CompTIA Security+ Certification Exam Details",
+        "url": "https://www.comptia.org/certifications/security#examdetails",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Professor Messer's Free Security+ Video Course",
+        "url": "https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLG49S3nxzAnl4QDVqK-hOnoqcSKEIDDuv&si=nwydzQ13lug4ymbl",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "BqvijNoRzSGYLCMP-6hhr": {
+    "title": "CISSP",
+    "description": "The Certified Information Systems Security Professional (CISSP) is a globally recognized certification offered by the International Information System Security Certification Consortium (ISC)². It is designed for experienced security professionals to validate their knowledge and expertise in the field of information security.\n\nWho Should Obtain the CISSP Certification?\n------------------------------------------\n\nThe CISSP certification is ideal for security consultants, managers, IT directors, security auditors, security analysts, and other professionals who are responsible for designing, implementing, and managing security for their organization. This certification is aimed at professionals with at least five years of full-time experience in two or more of the eight CISSP domains:\n\n*   Security and Risk Management\n*   Asset Security\n*   Security Architecture and Engineering\n*   Communication and Network Security\n*   Identity and Access Management (IAM)\n*   Security Assessment and Testing\n*   Security Operations\n*   Software Development Security\n\nCertification Process\n---------------------\n\nTo obtain the CISSP certification, candidates must meet the following requirements:\n\n*   **Experience:** Possess a minimum of five years of cumulative, paid, full-time work experience in two or more of the eight domains of the CISSP Common Body of Knowledge (CBK).\n    \n*   **Exam:** Pass the CISSP examination with a minimum scaled score of 700 out of 1000 points. The exam consists of 100 to 150 multiple-choice and advanced innovative questions that must be completed within three hours.\n    \n*   **Endorsement:** After passing the exam, candidates must submit an endorsement application to be reviewed and endorsed by an (ISC)² CISSP holder within nine months of passing the exam.\n    \n*   **Continuing Professional Education (CPE):** To maintain the CISSP certification, professionals must earn 120 CPE credits every three years, with a minimum of 40 credits earned each year, and pay an annual maintenance fee.\n    \n\nBenefits of CISSP Certification\n-------------------------------\n\nObtaining the CISSP certification comes with numerous benefits, such as:\n\n*   Enhanced credibility, as the CISSP is often considered the gold standard in information security certifications.\n*   Increased job opportunities, as many organizations and government agencies require or prefer CISSP-certified professionals.\n*   Improved knowledge and skills, as the certification covers a broad range of security topics and best practices.\n*   Higher salary potential, as CISSP-certified professionals often command higher salaries compared to their non-certified counterparts.\n*   Access to a network of other CISSP-certified professionals and resources, enabling continuous learning and professional development.\n\nLearn more from the following resources",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "ISC2 CISSP",
+        "url": "https://www.isc2.org/certifications/cissp",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "ISC2 CISSP - Official Study Guide",
+        "url": "https://www.wiley.com/en-us/ISC2+CISSP+Certified+Information+Systems+Security+Professional+Official+Study+Guide%2C+10th+Edition-p-9781394254699",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Destcert - CISSP Free Resources",
+        "url": "https://destcert.com/resources/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "CISSP Exam Cram 2024",
+        "url": "https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PL7XJSuT7Dq_XPK_qmYMqfiBjbtHJRWigD&si=_wSeCkvj-1rzv0ZF",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "CISSP Prep (Coffee Shots)",
+        "url": "https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PL0hT6hgexlYxKzBmiCD6SXW0qO5ucFO-J&si=9ICs373Vl1ce3s0H",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "lqFp4VLY_S-5tAbhNQTew": {
+    "title": "CISA",
+    "description": "The **Certified Information Systems Auditor (CISA)** is a globally recognized certification for professionals who audit, control, monitor, and assess an organization's information technology and business systems.\n\nOverview\n--------\n\nCISA was established by the Information Systems Audit and Control Association (ISACA) and is designed to demonstrate an individual's expertise in managing vulnerabilities, ensuring compliance with industry regulations, and instituting controls within the business environment.\n\nWho Should Pursue CISA?\n-----------------------\n\nCISA is most suitable for professionals with roles such as:\n\n*   IT auditors\n*   IT security professionals\n*   IT risk analysts\n*   IT compliance analysts\n*   Security consultants\n\nExam and Prerequisites\n----------------------\n\nTo earn the CISA certification, candidates must pass a comprehensive exam. The prerequisites for the CISA certification include:\n\n*   Five years of professional experience in information systems auditing, control, assurance, or security work. Some substitutions and waivers can be made for education, but a minimum of two years of experience in information systems audit or control is required.\n*   Agree to the ISACA Code of Professional Ethics.\n*   Adherence to the CISA Continuing Professional Education (CPE) Program, which requires a minimum of 20 CPE hours annually and 120 hours of CPE in a 3-year period.\n\nThe exam itself has a duration of four hours and consists of 150 multiple-choice questions. It covers five domains:\n\n*   The Process of Auditing Information Systems (21%)\n*   Governance and Management of IT (16%)\n*   Information Systems Acquisition, Development, and Implementation (18%)\n*   Information Systems Operations, Maintenance, and Service Management (20%)\n*   Protection of Information Assets (25%)\n\nBenefits of CISA Certification\n------------------------------\n\nUpon obtaining the CISA certification, some of the benefits include:\n\n*   Increased credibility and recognition in the industry\n*   Enhanced career prospects and job security\n*   A competitive edge over non-certified professionals\n*   The potential for salary increase and promotions\n*   Access to a global community of certified professionals and resources\n\nOverall, the CISA certification can be a valuable asset for those looking to advance their careers in cybersecurity, particularly in the area of auditing and controlling information systems.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "s86x24SHPEbbOB9lYNU-w": {
+    "title": "CISM",
+    "description": "The [Certified Information Security Manager (CISM)](https://www.isaca.org/credentialing/cism) is an advanced cybersecurity certification offered by ISACA that focuses on information security management. It is designed for professionals who have a strong understanding of information security and are responsible for overseeing, designing, and managing an organization's information security programs.\n\nWho Should Pursue CISM Certification?\n-------------------------------------\n\nThe CISM certification is ideal for:\n\n*   Information security managers\n*   IT consultants\n*   IT auditors\n*   Senior IT professionals responsible for information security\n*   Security architects and engineers\n\nExam Requirements and Process\n-----------------------------\n\nTo obtain the CISM certification, candidates must:\n\n*   **Register for the CISM Exam**: You must [register](https://www.isaca.org/exams) for the exam, pay the registration fee, and select an exam date during one of the three annual exam windows.\n    \n*   **Meet the Experience Requirements**: You must have at least five years of experience in information security management across at least three of the four CISM domains. There is the option to waive up to two years of experience based on your education or other certifications.\n    \n*   **Study for the Exam**: Thorough exam preparation is essential for success. ISACA provides a range of study materials, including the [CISM Review Manual](https://www.isaca.org/bookstore), online question banks, and instructor-led courses.\n    \n*   **Take the Exam**: The CISM exam consists of 150 multiple-choice questions, and you have four hours to complete it. It covers four main domains:\n    \n    *   Information Security Governance\n    *   Information Risk Management\n    *   Information Security Program Development and Management\n    *   Information Security Incident Management\n*   **Maintain Your Certification**: Once you pass the exam and meet the experience requirements, you need to [apply for certification](https://www.isaca.org/credentialing/certified-information-security-manager/get-cism-certified). To maintain your CISM credential, you must earn Continuing Professional Education (CPE) hours and renew your certification every three years.\n    \n\nThe CISM certification is globally recognized for its emphasis on the strategic and managerial aspects of information security. Professionals with this certification are in high demand, as they possess the knowledge and skills to develop and manage comprehensive information security programs in various organizations.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "nlmATCTgHoIoMcEOW8bUW": {
+    "title": "GSEC",
+    "description": "The **GIAC Security Essentials Certification (GSEC)** is an advanced cybersecurity certification that demonstrates an individual's knowledge and skills in addressing security threats and vulnerabilities in various systems. Developed by the Global Information Assurance Certification (GIAC), this certification is suitable for security professionals, IT managers, and network administrators who want to enhance their expertise in the core cybersecurity concepts and practices.\n\nKey Features of GSEC\n--------------------\n\n*   **Comprehensive coverage of security concepts**: GSEC covers a wide range of cybersecurity topics, including risk management, cryptography, access control, authentication, network security, wireless security, web application security, and incident response.\n*   **Hands-on approach**: GSEC focuses on practical, real-world situations and encourages students to develop problem-solving skills through hands-on labs and exercises.\n*   **Vendor-neutral**: Unlike other certifications that focus on specific technologies or tools, GSEC is vendor-neutral and teaches concepts and techniques that can be applied in various environments and platforms.\n*   **Globally recognized**: GSEC is a widely acknowledged certification among security professionals, and receiving it can help boost an individual's career in the cybersecurity industry.\n\nGSEC Exam Details\n-----------------\n\nThe GSEC exam consists of 180 questions, and candidates have a total of 5 hours to complete the test. The minimum passing score is 73%. The exam covers the following domains:\n\n*   Active defense concepts\n*   Authentication and access control\n*   Basic understanding of cryptographic concepts\n*   Incident handling and response\n*   IP networking concepts and network security\n*   Security policy and contingency planning\n\nPreparing for the GSEC Exam\n---------------------------\n\nTo prepare for the GSEC exam, you can use the following resources:\n\n*   **GIAC's official training courses**: GIAC offers a comprehensive training course, known as \"SEC401: Security Essentials Boot- camp Style,\" to help students develop the necessary knowledge and skills for the GSEC certification exam. This course is available in various formats, including online, classroom-based, and on-demand.\n*   **Study materials**: You can find several study guides, practice exams, and books specifically designed for GSEC exam preparation. These resources can help you deepen your understanding of the GSEC exam objectives and practice your skills through hands-on exercises.\n*   **Online forums and study groups**: Participate in online forums and study groups related to GSEC and cybersecurity in general. These platforms can provide valuable insights, tips, and experiences from other security professionals and candidates preparing for the exam.\n*   **GSEC Practice Exams**: GIAC offers two practice exams for the GSEC certification, which are an excellent way to assess your knowledge and identify areas that may require further attention.\n\nBy obtaining the GSEC certification, you will demonstrate your advanced knowledge and skills in cybersecurity, showcasing your ability to protect information systems and networks effectively. This certification can be a significant asset to your career and help you stand out in the competitive cybersecurity job market.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "t4h9rEKWz5Us0qJKXhxlX": {
+    "title": "GPEN",
+    "description": "The **GIAC Penetration Tester (GPEN)** certification is an advanced-level credential designed for professionals who want to demonstrate their expertise in the field of penetration testing and ethical hacking. Created by the Global Information Assurance Certification (GIAC) organization, GPEN validates an individual's ability to conduct legal, systematic, and effective penetration tests to assess the security of computer networks, systems, and applications.\n\nKey Topics\n----------\n\n*   **Reconnaissance:** Utilize various methods to gather information on a target's infrastructure, services, and vulnerabilities.\n*   **Scanning:** Employ tools and techniques to actively probe and evaluate target systems, including Nmap, Nessus, and Metasploit.\n*   **Exploitation:** Understand how to exploit vulnerabilities effectively, including buffer overflow attacks, SQL injection, and browser-based attacks.\n*   **Password Attacks:** Employ password cracking tools and techniques to bypass authentication mechanisms.\n*   **Wireless and Monitoring**: Identify and exploit wireless networks, as well as monitor network traffic to uncover useful information.\n*   **Post Exploitation**: Perform post-exploitation activities like privilege escalation, lateral movement, and data exfiltration.\n*   **Legal and Compliance**: Understand the legal considerations involved in penetration testing, and follow industry best practices and standards.\n\nTarget Audience\n---------------\n\nThe GPEN certification is primarily aimed at cybersecurity professionals, network administrators, security consultants, and penetration testers looking to enhance their skills and reinforce their credibility in the industry.\n\nPreparing for the GPEN Exam\n---------------------------\n\nTo prepare for the GPEN exam, candidates are recommended to have a strong foundation in the fundamentals of cybersecurity, networking, and ethical hacking. GIAC offers a comprehensive training course called \"SEC560: Network Penetration Testing and Ethical Hacking\" which aligns with the GPEN exam objectives. However, self-study using other resources like books, articles, and online tutorials is also a viable option.\n\nExam Details\n------------\n\n*   **Number of Questions:** 115\n*   **Type of Questions:** Multiple-choice\n*   **Duration:** 3 hours\n*   **Passing Score:** 74%\n*   **Exam Delivery:** Proctored, Online or at a testing center\n*   **Cost:** $1,999 USD (Includes one retake)\n\nUpon successfully passing the exam, candidates will receive the GIAC Penetration Tester certification, which is valid for four years. To maintain the certification, professionals must earn plus 36 Continuing Professional Education (CPE) credits every two years and pay a maintenance fee to keep their credentials active.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "rwniCTWfYpKP5gi02Pa9f": {
+    "title": "GWAPT",
+    "description": "The **GIAC Web Application Penetration Tester (GWAPT)** certification validates an individual's ability to perform in-depth web application security assessments and exploit vulnerabilities. GWAPT focuses on using ethical hacking methodologies to conduct web application penetration testing with the goal of identifying, evaluating, and mitigating security risks.\n\nKey Concepts\n------------\n\nThe GWAPT certification covers several key concepts and areas, including but not limited to:\n\n*   **Web Application Security:** Knowledge of various web application security concepts, such as authentication mechanisms, session management, input validation, and access control.\n*   **Testing Methodologies:** Understanding and application of web application penetration testing methodologies, such as OWASP Testing Guide and OWASP ASVS.\n*   **Vulnerability Identification and Exploitation:** Identifying, exploiting, and assessing the impact of common web application vulnerabilities such as XSS, CSRF, SQL Injection, and others.\n*   **Tools and Techniques:** Mastery of various web application testing tools, such as Burp Suite, WebInspect, and others.\n*   **Report Preparation and Presentation:** Ability to document and present findings in a clear, concise manner, which can be understood by both technical and non-technical audiences.\n\nCertification Process\n---------------------\n\nTo attain the GWAPT certification, candidates must:\n\n*   Register for the GWAPT exam through the GIAC website ([www.giac.org](http://www.giac.org)).\n*   Prepare for the exam by undergoing various training methods, such as attending the SEC542: Web App Penetration Testing and Ethical Hacking course by SANS, self-study, attending workshops, or gaining hands-on experience.\n*   Pass the proctored 75-question multiple-choice exam with a minimum score of 68% within the 2-hour time limit.\n*   Maintain the certification by earning 36 Continuing Professional Experience (CPE) credits every four years and paying the renewal fee.\n\nWho Should Pursue GWAPT Certification?\n--------------------------------------\n\nThe GWAPT certification is aimed at professionals who are involved in web application security, such as penetration testers, security analysts, or application developers. Obtaining this certification demonstrates a high level of technical skill and knowledge in web application security testing, making it a valuable addition to any cybersecurity professional's credentials.\n\nBenefits of GWAPT Certification\n-------------------------------\n\n*   Validates your skills and knowledge in web application security testing.\n*   Enhances your professional credibility and marketability in the cybersecurity industry.\n*   Provides a competitive edge over non-certified individuals.\n*   Demonstrates a commitment to staying current with industry advancements and best practices.\n*   Assists in advancing your career by meeting employer or client requirements for certified professionals.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "ZiUT-lyIBfHTzG-dwSy96": {
+    "title": "GIAC",
+    "description": "GIAC is a globally recognized organization that provides certifications for information security professionals. Established in 1999, its primary aim is to validate the knowledge and skills of professionals in various cybersecurity domains. GIAC certifications focus on practical and hands-on abilities to ensure that certified individuals possess the necessary expertise to tackle real-world cybersecurity challenges.\n\nGIAC Certification Categories\n-----------------------------\n\nGIAC certifications are divided into several categories, catering to different aspects of information security:\n\n*   **Cyber Defense**: Certifications tailored to secure an organization's information infrastructure and develop incident response capabilities.\n*   **Penetration Testing**: Certifications targeting professionals who conduct penetration tests to identify and mitigate security vulnerabilities.\n*   **Incident Response and Forensics**: Certifications focusing on incident handling, forensics, and the legal aspects of cybersecurity.\n*   **Management, Audit, Legal and Security Awareness**: Certifications aimed at security managers, auditors, and executives who are responsible for developing and managing security policies and procedures.\n*   **Industrial Control Systems**: Certifications addressing the unique security requirements of industrial control systems and critical infrastructure.\n*   **Developer**: Certifications targeting software developers and programmers to help them develop secure applications.\n\nGIAC Certification Process\n--------------------------\n\nTo obtain a GIAC certification, candidates must pass a comprehensive proctored exam that tests their knowledge and practical skills. The exams are usually associated with corresponding training courses offered by SANS Institute, a leading provider of cybersecurity training. However, taking a SANS course is not mandatory to sit for the exam. Individuals with sufficient knowledge and experience can directly register for a GIAC exam.\n\nThe exams typically consist of multiple-choice questions and can range from 75 to 150 questions, depending on the certification. Candidates are given 2-5 hours to complete the exam, and a passing score varies between 63% and 80%.\n\nBenefits of GIAC Certifications\n-------------------------------\n\nGIAC-certified professionals are highly sought after due to the rigorous assessment and practical skills they possess. Obtaining a GIAC certification can lead to:\n\n*   Enhanced career prospects\n*   Higher salary potential\n*   Peer recognition\n*   Demonstrated commitment to professional development\n\nIn summary, GIAC certifications are valuable and respected credentials that pave the way for a successful cybersecurity career. By completing a GIAC certification, you validate your expertise and increase your employability in the competitive field of cybersecurity.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "SwVGVP2bbCFs2uNg9Qtxb": {
+    "title": "OSCP",
+    "description": "Offensive Security Certified Professional (OSCP)\n------------------------------------------------\n\nThe **Offensive Security Certified Professional (OSCP)** is a highly respected and sought-after certification in the field of cybersecurity. This certification is designed to test your practical knowledge and skills in the identification and exploitation of vulnerabilities in a target environment, as well as your ability to effectively implement offensive security techniques to assess the security posture of networks and systems.\n\nKey Topics Covered:\n-------------------\n\n*   Penetration testing methodologies\n*   Advanced information gathering techniques\n*   Buffer overflow attacks\n*   Web application attacks\n*   Various exploitation techniques\n*   Privilege escalation\n*   Client-side attacks\n*   Post-exploitation techniques\n*   Basic scripting and automation\n\nPrerequisites:\n--------------\n\nThere are no strict prerequisites for the OSCP, but it is recommended that candidates have a solid understanding of networking, system administration, and Linux/Unix command-line environments. Familiarity with basic programming concepts, scripting languages (e.g., Python, Bash), and operating system concepts will also be helpful.\n\nExam Format:\n------------\n\nTo obtain the OSCP certification, you must successfully complete the 24-hour hands-on exam, where you are required to attack and penetrate a target network, compromising several machines and completing specific objectives within the given time frame.\n\nBefore attempting the exam, candidates must complete the accompanying training course, **Penetration Testing with Kali Linux (PWK)**, which provides the necessary knowledge and practical experience required for the OSCP exam.\n\nWhy Pursue the OSCP Certification?\n----------------------------------\n\n*   **Hands-on Approach:** OSCP emphasizes a practical, hands-on approach, ensuring that certified professionals possess both the theoretical knowledge and practical skills required to succeed in the cybersecurity field.\n*   **Industry Recognition:** OSCP is widely recognized and respected within the cybersecurity community as a rigorous and demanding certification that validates a candidate's ability to perform under pressure.\n*   **Career Advancement:** With the OSCP certification, you can demonstrate your advanced skills in offensive security techniques, making you a valuable asset to any security team and potentially opening up opportunities for career growth, higher salaries, and challenging roles in the industry.\n*   **Continuous Learning:** Pursuing the OSCP certification will help you develop a deeper understanding of underlying vulnerabilities and attack vectors. This knowledge, combined with constantly evolving offensive security techniques, ensures that you stay ahead in the ever-changing cybersecurity landscape.\n\nObtaining the OSCP certification can be a challenging and rewarding journey that provides you with practical skills and industry recognition, enabling you to stand out as a cybersecurity professional and advance your career in the field.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "rA1skdztev3-8VmAtIlmr": {
+    "title": "CREST",
+    "description": "CREST is a non-profit, accreditation and certification body that represents the technical information security industry. Established in 2008, its mission is to promote the development and professionalization of the cyber security sector. CREST provides certifications for individuals and accreditations for companies, helping customers find knowledgeable and experienced professionals in the field.\n\nCREST Examinations and Certifications\n-------------------------------------\n\nCREST offers various examinations and certifications, including:\n\n*   **CREST Practitioner Security Analyst (CPSA)**: This is an entry-level certification for individuals looking to demonstrate their knowledge and competence in vulnerability assessment and penetration testing. Passing the CPSA exam is a prerequisite for taking other CREST technical examinations.\n    \n*   **CREST Registered Penetration Tester (CRT)**: This certification is aimed at professionals with a solid understanding of infrastructure and web application penetration testing. CRT holders have demonstrated practical skills in identifying and exploiting vulnerabilities in a controlled environment.\n    \n*   **CREST Certified Infrastructure Tester (CCIT)** and **CREST Certified Web Application Tester (CCWAT)**: These advanced certifications require candidates to have a deep technical understanding and practical skills in infrastructure or web application testing, respectively. These certifications are intended for experienced professionals who can perform in-depth technical assessments and identify advanced security vulnerabilities.\n    \n*   **CREST Certified Simulated Attack Manager (CCSAM)** and **CREST Certified Simulated Attack Specialist (CCSAS)**: These certifications focus on the planning, scoping, and management of simulated attack engagements, or red teaming. They require candidates to have experience in both the technical and managerial aspects of coordinated cyber attacks.\n    \n\nBenefits of CREST Certifications\n--------------------------------\n\nObtaining CREST certifications provides several benefits, such as:\n\n*   Increased credibility and recognition within the cyber security industry\n*   Validation of your technical knowledge and expertise\n*   Access to resources and support through the CREST community\n*   Assurance for employers and clients that you're skilled and trustworthy\n\nIn the rapidly evolving field of cyber security, CREST certifications demonstrate a commitment to continuous learning, growth, and professionalism.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "AAo7DXB7hyBzO6p05gx1i": {
+    "title": "CEH",
+    "description": "**Certified Ethical Hacker (CEH)** is an advanced certification focused on equipping cybersecurity professionals with the knowledge and skills required to defend against the continuously evolving landscape of cyber threats. This certification is facilitated by the EC-Council, an internationally recognized organization for information security certifications.\n\nObjectives\n----------\n\nThe CEH certification aims to provide professionals with the following skills:\n\n*   Understand the ethics and legal requirements of ethical hacking\n*   Identify and analyze common cyber threats, including malware, social engineering, and various network attacks\n*   Utilize the latest penetration testing tools and methodologies to uncover vulnerabilities in systems, networks, and applications\n*   Implement defensive countermeasures to protect against cyber attacks\n\nTarget Audience\n---------------\n\nThe CEH certification is ideal for:\n\n*   Cybersecurity professionals seeking to expand their skill set\n*   IT administrators responsible for securing their organization's systems and network\n*   Penetration testers looking to demonstrate their ethical hacking capabilities\n*   Security consultants who want a recognized certification in the IT security field\n\nExam Details\n------------\n\nTo become a Certified Ethical Hacker, you must pass the CEH exam, which consists of the following:\n\n*   Number of Questions: 125\n*   Exam Type: Multiple choice questions\n*   Duration: 4 hours\n*   Passing Score: 70%\n\nPreparation\n-----------\n\nTo prepare for the CEH exam, candidates can follow the EC-Council's official training course or opt for self-study. The recommended resources include:\n\n*   EC-Council's [_CEH v11: Certified Ethical Hacker_](https://www.eccouncil.org/programs/certified-ethical-hacker-ceh/) training course\n*   Official CEH study guide and practice exams\n*   CEH-related books, articles, and online resources\n\nRecertification\n---------------\n\nCEH holders need to earn 120 ECE (Education Credits) within three years of obtaining their certification to retain their credentials. These credits can be obtained through training, workshops, conferences, and other continuous learning opportunities in the field of information security.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "UY6xdt_V3YMkZxZ1hZLvW": {
+    "title": "Operating Systems",
+    "description": "An **operating system (OS)** is a crucial component of a computer system as it manages and controls both the hardware and software resources. It provides a user-friendly interface and ensures the seamless functioning of the various applications installed on the computer.\n\nIn the context of cybersecurity, selection and proper maintenance of an operating system is paramount. This section will discuss the three major operating systems: Windows, macOS, and Linux, along with security considerations.\n\nWindows\n-------\n\nMicrosoft Windows is ubiquitous amongst desktop and laptop users, making it a primary target for cybercriminals. Attackers often focus on finding and exploiting vulnerabilities within Windows due to its extensive user-base. That said, Windows continues to enhance its built-in security features with updates and patches. Key features include:\n\n*   Windows Defender: An antivirus program that detects and removes malware.\n*   Windows Firewall: Monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic.\n*   BitLocker: A full disk encryption feature for securing data.\n\nAs a Windows user, keeping your system up-to-date and using additional security tools such as anti-malware software is vital.\n\nmacOS\n-----\n\nThe macOS, Apple's operating system for Macintosh computers, holds a reputation for strong security. Apple designed macOS with several built-in features to protect user privacy and data:\n\n*   Gatekeeper: Ensures downloaded apps originate from trusted sources.\n*   FileVault 2: Offers full-disk encryption for data protection.\n*   XProtect: An antivirus tool that scans newly installed apps for malware.\n\nDespite macOS's sound security measures, no operating system is completely immune to threats. Running reputable security software and keeping your macOS updated is essential to safeguard against potential cyberattacks.\n\nLinux\n-----\n\nLinux is an open-source operating system considered to be more secure than its commercial counterparts. Linux uses a multi-user environment, mitigating the impact of potential threats by separating user information and privileges. Other notable features include:\n\n*   Software Repositories: Official software repositories maintained by Linux distributions provide trusted sources for software installation.\n*   SELinux (Security-Enhanced Linux): A security architecture that allows administrators to control system access.\n*   System/package updates: Regular updates offered by distributions hold essential security fixes.\n\nAlthough Linux distributions are less targeted by cybercriminals, it is vital to follow security best practices, such as keeping your system updated and employing security tools like antivirus software and firewalls.\n\nRemember, the security of your operating system relies on timely updates, proper configuration, and the use of appropriate security tools. Stay vigilant and informed to ensure your system remains secure against ever-evolving cyber threats.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "BNUKEQ4YpZmIhSPQdkHgU": {
+    "title": "Windows",
+    "description": "Windows is a popular operating system (OS) developed by Microsoft Corporation. It was first introduced in 1985 and has since evolved to become one of the most widely used OS worldwide. Windows is known for its graphical user interface (GUI), and it supports a wide variety of applications, making it a versatile choice for both personal and professional use.\n\nKey Features\n------------\n\n*   **Ease of use:** Windows is designed with a user-friendly interface, making it easy for users to navigate, manage files, and access applications.\n    \n*   **Compatibility:** Windows is compatible with a vast range of hardware and software, including most peripherals like printers, webcams, and more.\n    \n*   **Regular updates:** Microsoft provides regular updates for Windows, which helps maintain security, fix bugs, and enhance features.\n    \n*   **Large user community:** Due to its widespread use, there is a vast online community of users who provide support, solutions, and information about the platform.\n    \n*   **Versatile application support:** Windows supports a plethora of applications, including office productivity tools, games, multimedia software, and more.\n    \n\nSecurity Features\n-----------------\n\nWindows has made significant strides to improve its security over the years. Some of the security features include:\n\n*   **Windows Defender:** A built-in antivirus software that provides real-time protection against malware, ransomware, and other threats.\n    \n*   **Windows Firewall:** This feature helps protect your device from unauthorized access or intrusion by blocking potentially harmful network connections.\n    \n*   **User Account Control (UAC):** UAC helps prevent unauthorized changes to the system settings by prompting users for administrative permission when making system modifications.\n    \n*   **Windows Update:** Regular updates ensure that your system is up-to-date with the latest security patches, bug fixes, and feature improvements.\n    \n*   **BitLocker:** A disk encryption feature available in certain Windows editions, BitLocker helps secure your data by providing encryption for your hard drive or external storage devices.\n    \n\nEssential Security Tips for Windows Users\n-----------------------------------------\n\nTo improve the security of Windows devices, users should:\n\n*   Ensure that the Windows OS and all installed software are up-to-date.\n    \n*   Regularly update and run antivirus and anti-malware software.\n    \n*   Enable the built-in Windows Firewall to protect the device from unauthorized access.\n    \n*   Use strong and unique passwords for user accounts and enable two-factor authentication wherever possible.\n    \n*   Regularly back up important data to an external storage device or a secure cloud service to avoid data loss.\n    \n\nBy following these security tips and staying informed about potential threats, Windows users can protect their devices and data from various cyber-attacks.",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Windows Security",
+        "url": "https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/security/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Windows",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/windows?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "4frVcjYI1VlVU9hQgpwcT": {
+    "title": "Linux",
+    "description": "Linux is an open-source operating system (OS) that is widely popular due to its flexibility, stability, and security features. As a Unix-based OS, Linux has a command-line interface, which allows users to perform various tasks through text commands. However, graphical user interfaces (GUIs) can also be installed for ease of use.\n\nKey Features\n------------\n\n*   **Open-source**: Anyone can view, modify, and distribute the Linux source code, promoting collaboration and continuous improvement within the OS community.\n*   **Modular design**: Linux can be customized for various computing environments, such as desktops, servers, and embedded systems.\n*   **Stability and performance**: Linux is well-known for its ability to handle heavy loads without crashing, making it an ideal choice for servers.\n*   **Strong Security**: Linux has robust security mechanisms, such as file permissions, a built-in firewall, and an extensive user privilege system.\n*   **Large Community**: Linux has a vast, active user community that offers a wealth of knowledge, user-contributed software, and support forums.\n\nPopular Linux Distributions\n---------------------------\n\nThere are numerous Linux distributions available, catering to specific user needs and preferences. Some popular distributions include:\n\n*   **Ubuntu**: A user-friendly distribution suitable for beginners, often used for desktop environments.\n*   **Fedora**: A cutting-edge distribution with frequent updates and innovative features, ideal for developers and advanced users.\n*   **Debian**: A very stable distribution that prioritizes free software and benefits from a large, active community.\n*   **Arch Linux**: A highly customizable distribution that allows users to build their system from the ground up, suited for experienced users.\n*   **CentOS**: A distribution focused on stability, security, and manageability, making it a popular choice for server environments.\n\nSecurity Best Practices for Linux\n---------------------------------\n\nWhile Linux is inherently secure, there are best practices to enhance your system's security further:\n\n*   Keep your system updated: Regularly update your kernel, OS packages, and installed software to ensure you have the latest security patches.\n*   Enable a firewall: Configure and enable a firewall, such as `iptables`, to control incoming and outgoing network traffic.\n*   Use strong passwords and user accounts: Create separate accounts with strong passwords for different users and grant them only the required privileges.\n*   Disable unused services: Unnecessary services can be potential security risks; ensure only required services are running on your system.\n*   Implement a Security-Enhanced Linux (SELinux) policy: SELinux provides a mandatory access control (MAC) system that restricts user and process access to system resources.\n\nBy understanding Linux's features and best practices, you can leverage its powerful capabilities and robust security features to enhance your computing environment's performance and safety.\n\nRecommended resources include:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Linux from scratch - Cisco",
+        "url": "https://www.netacad.com/courses/os-it/ndg-linux-unhatched",
+        "type": "course"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Learn Linux",
+        "url": "https://linuxjourney.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Linux Commands Cheat Sheet",
+        "url": "https://cdn.hostinger.com/tutorials/pdf/Linux-Commands-Cheat-Sheet.pdf",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Linux",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/linux?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Linux in 100 Seconds",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rrB13utjYV4",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Introduction to Linux",
+        "url": "https://youtu.be/sWbUDq4S6Y8",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "dztwr-DSckggQbcNIi4_2": {
+    "title": "MacOS",
+    "description": "**macOS** is a series of proprietary graphical operating systems developed and marketed by Apple Inc. It is the primary operating system for Apple's Mac computers. macOS is widely recognized for its sleek design, robust performance, and innovative features, making it one of the most popular operating systems globally.\n\nKey Features\n------------\n\n*   **User-friendly interface**: macOS is known for its simple and intuitive user interface, which makes it easy for users to navigate and use the system efficiently.\n    \n*   **Security**: macOS has several built-in security features, such as XProtect, Gatekeeper, and FileVault, to provide a secure computing environment. Additionally, macOS is based on UNIX, which is known for its strong security and stability.\n    \n*   **Integration with Apple ecosystem**: macOS is seamlessly integrated with Apple's software and hardware ecosystem, including iOS, iCloud, and other Apple devices, providing a consistent and well-connected user experience.\n    \n*   **App Store**: Apple's App Store offers a large and diverse selection of applications for macOS, ensuring easy and secure software downloads and installations.\n    \n*   **Time Machine**: macOS's Time Machine feature provides an easy and automatic way to back up your data, ensuring you never lose important files and can recover from system crashes.\n    \n\nSecurity Tips\n-------------\n\n*   **Keep your macOS up-to-date**: Always ensure that your macOS is running the latest version and security updates, as Apple regularly releases patches to fix potential vulnerabilities.\n    \n*   **Enable the Firewall**: Make sure to enable macOS's built-in firewall to protect your system from unauthorized access and potential intrusions.\n    \n*   **Use strong, unique passwords**: Ensure that your macOS user account is protected with a strong, unique password and enable two-factor authentication for your Apple ID.\n    \n*   **Be cautious with downloads**: Be careful when downloading and installing software from unknown sources. Use the macOS App Store whenever possible, and avoid downloading from third-party websites.\n    \n*   **Install antivirus software**: To add an extra layer of security, consider installing a reputable antivirus program on your Mac to protect against malware and other threats.\n    \n\nBy following these security tips and staying vigilant, users can ensure their Mac remains a secure and enjoyable computing environment.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "02aaEP9E5tlefeGBxf_Rj": {
+    "title": "Installation and Configuration",
+    "description": "To effectively protect your systems and data, it is vital to understand how to securely install software and configure settings, as well as assess the implications and potential vulnerabilities during installation and configuration processes.\n\nImportance of Proper Installation and Configuration\n---------------------------------------------------\n\nImproper installation or configuration of software can lead to an array of security risks, including unauthorized access, data breaches, and other harmful attacks. To ensure that your system is safeguarded against these potential threats, it is essential to follow best practices for software installation and configuration:\n\n*   **Research the Software**: Before installing any software or application, research its security features and reputation. Check for any known vulnerabilities, recent patches, and the software's overall trustworthiness.\n    \n*   **Use Official Sources**: Always download software from trusted sources, such as the software vendor's official website. Avoid using third-party download links, as they may contain malicious code or altered software.\n    \n*   **Verify File Integrity**: Verify the integrity of the downloaded software by checking its cryptographic hash, often provided by the software vendor. This ensures that the software has not been tampered with or corrupted during the download process.\n    \n*   **Install Updates**: During the installation process, ensure that all available updates and patches are installed, as they may contain vital security fixes.\n    \n*   **Secure Configurations**: Following the installation, properly configure the software by following the vendor's documentation or industry best practices. This can include adjusting settings related to authentication, encryption, and access control, among other important security parameters.\n    \n\nConfiguration Considerations\n----------------------------\n\nWhile software configurations will vary depending on the specific application or system being utilized, there are several key aspects to keep in mind:\n\n*   **Least Privilege**: Configure user accounts and permissions with the principle of least privilege. Limit user access to the minimal level necessary to accomplish their tasks, reducing the potential attack surface.\n    \n*   **Password Policies**: Implement strong password policies, including complexity requirements, minimum password length, and password expiration periods.\n    \n*   **Encryption**: Enable data encryption to protect sensitive information from unauthorized access. This can include both storage encryption and encryption of data in transit.\n    \n*   **Firewalls and Network Security**: Configure firewalls and other network security measures to limit the attack surface and restrict unauthorized access to your systems.\n    \n*   **Logging and Auditing**: Configure logging and auditing to capture relevant security events and allow for analysis in the event of a breach or security incident.\n    \n*   **Disable Unnecessary Services**: Disable any unused or unnecessary services on your systems. Unnecessary services can contribute to an increased attack surface and potential vulnerabilities.\n    \n\nBy following these guidelines, you can establish a robust foundation for system security through proper installation and configuration. Remember that maintaining strong cybersecurity is an ongoing process that requires continuous learning and adaptation to stay ahead of evolving threats.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "yXOGqlufAZ69uiBzKFfh6": {
+    "title": "Different Versions and Differences",
+    "description": "In the field of cyber security, it is essential to stay up-to-date with different versions of software, tools, and technology, as well as understanding the differences between them. Regularly updating software ensures that you have the latest security features in place to protect yourself from potential threats.\n\nImportance of Versions\n----------------------\n\n*   **Security**: Newer versions of software often introduce patches to fix security vulnerabilities. Using outdated software can leave your system exposed to cyber attacks.\n    \n*   **Features**: Upgrading to a newer version of software can provide access to new features and functionalities, improving the user experience and performance.\n    \n*   **Compatibility**: As technology evolves, staying up-to-date with versions helps ensure that software or tools are compatible across various platforms and devices.\n    \n\nUnderstanding Differences\n-------------------------\n\nWhen we talk about differences in the context of cybersecurity, they can refer to:\n\n*   **Software Differences**: Different software or tools offer different features and capabilities, so it's crucial to choose one that meets your specific needs. Additionally, open-source tools may differ from proprietary tools in terms of functionalities, licensing, and costs.\n    \n*   **Operating System Differences**: Cybersecurity practices may differ across operating systems such as Windows, Linux, or macOS. Each operating system has its own security controls, vulnerabilities, and potential attack vectors.\n    \n*   **Protocol Differences**: Understanding the differences between various network protocols (HTTP, HTTPS, SSH, FTP, etc.) can help you choose the most secure method for your purposes.\n    \n*   **Threat Differences**: Various types of cyber threats exist (e.g., malware, phishing, denial-of-service attacks), and it is crucial to understand their differences in order to implement the most effective countermeasures.\n    \n\nTo sum up, keeping up with different versions of software and understanding the differences between technologies and threats are vital steps in maintaining a strong cyber security posture. Always update your software to the latest version, and continuously educate yourself on emerging threats and technologies to stay one step ahead of potential cyber attacks.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "MGitS_eJBoY99zOR-W3F4": {
+    "title": "Navigating using GUI and CLI",
+    "description": "Graphical User Interface (GUI) and Command Line Interface (CLI) are the two essential methods to navigate through a computer system or a network device. Both these interfaces are crucial for understanding and managing cyber security.\n\nGraphical User Interface (GUI)\n------------------------------\n\nA Graphical User Interface (GUI) is a type of user interface that allows users to interact with a software program, computer, or network device using images, icons, and visual indicators. The GUI is designed to make the user experience more intuitive, as it enables users to perform tasks using a mouse and a keyboard without having to delve into complex commands. Most modern operating systems (Windows, macOS, and Linux) offer GUIs as the primary means of interaction.\n\n**Advantages of GUI:**\n\n*   User-friendly and visually appealing\n*   Easier for beginners to learn and navigate\n*   Reduces the need to memorize complex commands\n\n**Disadvantages of GUI:**\n\n*   Consumes more system resources (memory, CPU) than CLI\n*   Some advanced features might not be available or accessibly as quickly compared to CLI\n\nCommand Line Interface (CLI)\n----------------------------\n\nA Command Line Interface (CLI) is a text-based interface that allows users to interact with computer programs or network devices directly through commands that are entered via a keyboard. CLIs are used in a variety of contexts, including operating systems (e.g., Windows Command Prompt or PowerShell, macOS Terminal, and Linux shell), network devices (such as routers and switches), and some software applications.\n\n**Advantages of CLI:**\n\n*   Faster and more efficient in performing tasks once commands are known\n*   Requires fewer system resources (memory, CPU) than GUI\n*   Provides more control and advanced features for experienced users\n\n**Disadvantages of CLI:**\n\n*   Steeper learning curve for beginners\n*   Requires memorization or reference material for commands and syntax\n\nBy understanding how to navigate and use both GUI and CLI, you will be better equipped to manage and secure your computer systems and network devices, as well as perform various cyber security tasks that may require a combination of these interfaces. It is essential to be familiar with both methods, as some tasks may require the precision and control offered by CLI, while others may be more efficiently performed using a GUI.\n\nIn the following sections, we will discuss some common CLI tools and their usage, along with how to secure and manage your computer systems and network devices using these interfaces. Stay tuned!",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "bTfL7cPOmBBFl-eHxUJI6": {
+    "title": "Understand Permissions",
+    "description": "Understanding permissions is crucial for maintaining a secure environment in any system. Permissions determine the level of access and control users have over files, applications, and other system resources. By setting the appropriate permissions, you can effectively limit the potential for unauthorized access and data breaches.\n\nDifferent Types of Permissions\n------------------------------\n\nPermissions can be broadly categorized into three types:\n\n*   **Read (R)**: This permission level allows users to view the content of a file or folder, without the ability to make any changes or execute actions.\n*   **Write (W)**: This permission level grants users the ability to create, modify, or delete files and folders.\n*   **Execute (X)**: This permission level allows users to run a file or application and execute actions within it.\n\nThese permissions can be combined in different ways to form the desired access level. For example, a user may have read and write permissions for a file, allowing them to view and modify its contents, but not execute any actions within it.\n\nSetting and Managing Permissions\n--------------------------------\n\nPermissions can be set and managed using various tools and methods, depending on the operating system being used:\n\n*   **Windows**: Permissions are set through Access Control Lists (ACLs) in the security properties of a file or folder. This allows you to grant or deny specific permissions to users and groups.\n*   **Mac**: Mac uses POSIX permissions to manage access control, which can be set using the \"Get Info\" window for a file or folder, or through Terminal commands.\n*   **Linux**: Permissions on Linux systems are managed using the `chmod` command, along with the `chown` and `chgrp` commands to change the ownership of files and groups.\n\nIt's essential to understand how these tools work and use them effectively to maintain a secure environment.\n\nBest Practices for Implementing Permissions\n-------------------------------------------\n\nTo ensure cyber security with permissions, follow these best practices:\n\n*   **Least Privilege Principle**: Grant users the minimum level of access they need to perform their tasks. People should not have unnecessary access to sensitive information or resources.\n*   **Regularly Review Permissions**: Regularly audit permissions to ensure they are up-to-date and align with the current organizational roles and responsibilities.\n*   **Use Groups and Roles**: Group users based on their job roles and assign permissions to groups instead of individuals. This simplifies the permission management process.\n*   **Implement Security Training**: Educate users about the importance of permissions and their responsibilities to maintain a secure environment.\n\nBy understanding permissions and following best practices, you can enhance cyber security and minimize the risk of unauthorized access and data breaches.",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Linux File Permissions (Linux Journey)",
+        "url": "https://linuxjourney.com/lesson/file-permissions",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "Ot3LGpM-CT_nKsNqIKIye": {
+    "title": "Installing Software and Applications",
+    "description": "In the realm of cyber security, installing apps safely and securely is vital to protect your devices and personal information. In this guide, we'll cover some essential steps to follow when installing apps on your devices.\n\nChoose trusted sources\n----------------------\n\nTo ensure the safety of your device, always choose apps from trusted sources, such as official app stores (e.g., Google Play Store for Android or Apple's App Store for iOS devices). These app stores have strict guidelines and often review apps for malicious content before making them available for download.\n\nResearch the app and its developer\n----------------------------------\n\nBefore installing an app, it is essential to research the app and its developer thoroughly. Check for app reviews from other users and look for any red flags related to security or privacy concerns. Investigate the developer's web presence and reputation to ensure they can be trusted.\n\nCheck app permissions\n---------------------\n\nBefore installing an app, always review the permissions requested. Be aware of any unusual permissions that do not correspond with the app's functionality. If an app is asking for access to your contacts, GPS, or microphone, and there isn't a reasonable explanation for why it needs this information, it could be a potential security risk.\n\nKeep your device and apps updated\n---------------------------------\n\nTo maintain your device's security, always install updates as soon as they become available. This applies not only to the apps but also to the operating system of your device. Updates often include security patches that fix known vulnerabilities, so it is essential to keep everything up to date.\n\nInstall a security app\n----------------------\n\nConsider installing a security app from a reputable company to protect your device against malware, viruses, and other threats. These apps can monitor for suspicious activity, scan for malicious software, and help keep your device secure.\n\nUninstall unused apps\n---------------------\n\nRegularly review the apps on your device and uninstall any that are no longer being used. This will not only free up storage space but also reduce potential security risks that might arise if these apps are not maintained or updated by their developers.\n\nBy following these guidelines, you can significantly increase your device's security and protect your valuable data from cyber threats.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "zRXyoJMap9irOYo3AdHE8": {
+    "title": "Performing CRUD on Files",
+    "description": "When working with files in any system or application, understanding and performing CRUD operations (Create, Read, Update, and Delete) is essential for implementing robust cyber security measures.\n\nFile Creation\n-------------\n\n*   **Windows**: You can create new files using the built-in text editor (Notepad) or dedicated file creation software. You can also use PowerShell commands for quicker file creation. The `New-Item` command followed by the file path creates a file.\n    \n        New-Item -Path \"C:\\Example\\example.txt\" -ItemType \"file\"\n        \n    \n*   **Linux**: Unlike Windows, file creation is usually done through the terminal. The `touch` command helps create a file in the desired directory.\n    \n        touch /example/example.txt\n        \n    \n\nFile Reading\n------------\n\n*   **Windows**: You can read a file using standard file readers, such as Notepad, Wordpad, etc., or you can utilize PowerShell commands. The `Get-Content` command provides the file content.\n    \n        Get-Content -Path \"C:\\Example\\example.txt\"\n        \n    \n*   **Linux**: The `cat` command is the most common way to read the contents of a file in Linux.\n    \n        cat /example/example.txt\n        \n    \n\nFile Updating\n-------------\n\n*   **Windows**: File updating can be accomplished using the previously mentioned text editors or PowerShell. The `Set-Content` or `Add-Content` commands are useful for updating a file.\n    \n        Set-Content -Path \"C:\\Example\\example.txt\" -Value \"Updated content\"\n        Add-Content -Path \"C:\\Example\\example.txt\" -Value \"Appended content\"\n        \n    \n*   **Linux**: Linux uses the built-in text editors, such as `nano` or `vim`, to update files. Alternatively, the `echo` command can append content to a file.\n    \n        echo \"Appended content\" >> /example/example.txt\n        \n    \n\nFile Deletion\n-------------\n\n*   **Windows**: File deletion is performed by right-clicking the file and selecting 'Delete' or using PowerShell commands. The `Remove-Item` command followed by the file path can delete a file.\n    \n        Remove-Item -Path \"C:\\Example\\example.txt\"\n        \n    \n*   **Linux**: The `rm` command allows you to delete a file in Linux.\n    \n        rm /example/example.txt\n        \n    \n\nBy mastering these CRUD operations, you can enhance your cyber security knowledge and implement effective incident response and file management strategies.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "xeRWOX1fWQDLNLWMAFTEe": {
+    "title": "Troubleshooting",
+    "description": "**Troubleshooting** is a crucial skill in the realm of cyber security, as it involves identifying, analyzing, and resolving various issues with computer systems, networks, and software. It is a systematic approach that requires logical thinking and the ability to deduce the possible cause of a problem from various symptoms. As an aspiring cyber security professional, sharpening your troubleshooting skills means you'll be better equipped to handle any security threats, vulnerabilities, and attacks on your organization's digital infrastructure.\n\nBelow, we have outlined some key steps and best practices for effective troubleshooting in cyber security:\n\nIdentifying the Problem\n-----------------------\n\nThe first step in troubleshooting is to identify the problem itself. This may involve recognizing unusual system behavior, error messages, or even end-user reports. To identify the problem, look for symptoms such as slow performance, application crashes, or network connectivity issues.\n\nGathering Information\n---------------------\n\nOnce the problem has been identified, gather as much information as possible about it. This means consulting event logs, system documentation, and users who may have experienced the issue firsthand. Additionally, pay attention to any error messages or anomalies in the system behavior that can provide valuable insights.\n\nFormulate a Hypothesis\n----------------------\n\nAfter gathering all available information, come up with a hypothesis or an educated guess about what may be causing the issue. Keep in mind that you may not be able to determine a single cause at this stage, so try to identify all possible causes and prioritize them based on the available evidence.\n\nTest the Hypothesis\n-------------------\n\nTest your hypothesis by attempting to confirm or refute it. To do this, apply a specific solution and observe any changes that occur. If there is no change, reconsider your hypothesis and apply another solution. Repeat this process until you've identified a cause or have exhausted all possible solutions.\n\nDocument and Communicate Findings\n---------------------------------\n\nOnce you've identified and resolved the problem, document your findings and communicate them to relevant stakeholders. This will help to ensure that issues are addressed efficiently in the future and will also contribute to your organization's knowledge base.\n\nTroubleshooting Best Practices\n------------------------------\n\n*   Develop a methodical approach: Take a step-by-step approach and use logic, pattern recognition, and experience to guide you through the troubleshooting process.\n*   Collaborate: Engage with other professionals to discuss potential solutions, as well as share insights and experiences.\n*   Stay informed: Continuously update your knowledge and skillset with the latest technologies, trends, and methods in the cyber security landscape.\n*   Invest in tools: Utilize effective troubleshooting tools like network analyzers, penetration testing tools, or log analyzers to help you diagnose and resolve issues more efficiently.\n\nMastering the art of troubleshooting is essential for successful cyber security professionals, and by employing the strategies laid out above, you'll be well on your way to enhancing your problem-solving capabilities in the field.\n\n* * *\n\nI hope this brief summary on troubleshooting has been informative and helps you further enhance your understanding of cyber security. Keep learning and good luck in your cyber security journey!\n\n_\\[Your Name Here\\], The Cyber Security Guide Author_",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "WDrSO7wBNn-2jB8mcyT7j": {
+    "title": "Common Commands",
+    "description": "In this guide, we will cover essential common commands you need to know when starting your journey in cyber security. By becoming proficient in these commands, you will be able to navigate, analyze, and manage different aspects of systems and networks. The list will cover command prompts, shell commands, and other tools.\n\n_Please note this guide assumes you already have basic knowledge of command line interfaces (CLI)_\n\nOperating System Commands\n-------------------------\n\nThese commands are useful for managing and understanding your operating system and its components.\n\nWindows\n-------\n\n*   `ipconfig`: Display the IP configuration for all network interfaces on the device.\n    \n*   `netstat`: Display active network connections, listening ports, and routing tables.\n    \n*   `systeminfo`: Display detailed information about the computer's hardware and software configuration.\n    \n*   `nslookup`: Look up the IP address of a domain or host.\n    \n*   `ping`: Send a series of network packets to test network connectivity.\n    \n\nLinux/Unix/MacOS\n----------------\n\n*   `ifconfig`: Display the IP configuration for all network interfaces on the device.\n    \n*   `netstat`: Display active network connections, listening ports, and routing tables.\n    \n*   `uname -a`: Display detailed information about the operating system.\n    \n*   `dig`: Look up the IP address of a domain or host.\n    \n*   `ping`: Send a series of network packets to test network connectivity.\n    \n\nFile System Commands\n--------------------\n\nThese commands are useful for navigating and managing file systems on your device.\n\nWindows\n-------\n\n*   `dir`: List files and directories in the current directory.\n    \n*   `cd`: Change the current directory.\n    \n*   `copy`: Copy files from one location to another.\n    \n*   `move`: Move files from one location to another.\n    \n*   `del`: Delete specified files.\n    \n\nLinux/Unix/MacOS\n----------------\n\n*   `ls`: List files and directories in the current directory.\n    \n*   `cd`: Change the current directory.\n    \n*   `cp`: Copy files from one location to another.\n    \n*   `mv`: Move files from one location to another.\n    \n*   `rm`: Delete specified files.\n    \n\nNetwork Analysis Commands\n-------------------------\n\nThese commands are useful for analyzing and troubleshooting network connections.\n\n*   `traceroute` (Linux/Unix/MacOS) / `tracert` (Windows): Display the route and transit delay of packets across a network.\n    \n*   `tcpdump` (Linux/Unix/MacOS) / `Wireshark` (Windows): Capture and analyze network traffic.\n    \n\nCyber Security Tools\n--------------------\n\n*   `nmap`: Scan networks and hosts for open ports and network services.\n    \n*   `Metasploit`: A penetration testing framework that simplifies the discovery and exploitation of vulnerabilities.\n    \n*   `John the Ripper`: A password-cracking tool that automatically detects and cracks multiple password formats.\n    \n*   `Wireshark`: A network protocol analyzer that captures and analyzes network traffic.\n    \n*   `Aircrack-ng`: A suite of tools for auditing wireless networks.\n    \n\nBy familiarizing yourself with these common commands and tools, you'll have a solid foundation to build upon in your cyber security journey. As you progress, you will encounter more advanced tools and techniques, so keep learning and stay curious!",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "gSLr-Lc119eX9Ig-kDzJ2": {
+    "title": "Networking Knowledge",
+    "description": "In the world of cyber security, having a strong foundation in networking knowledge is crucial. It's important to understand the fundamental concepts and mechanisms that govern how data is transferred, communicated, and secured across digital networks.\n\nTopics\n------\n\n*   **Network Architecture**: Learn about the different networking models, such as the OSI model and TCP/IP model, which define how data is structured, transmitted, and received in a network.\n    \n*   **Network Protocols**: Familiarize yourself with various network protocols that are essential for effective communication between devices, including HTTP, HTTPS, FTP, and more. These protocols ensure that data is transmitted reliably and securely across networks.\n    \n*   **IP Addressing and Subnetting**: Gain an understanding of IP addresses (both IPv4 and IPv6), how they are assigned, and how subnetting works to divide networks into smaller segments for better management and security.\n    \n*   **Routing and Switching**: Learn about the roles of routers and switches in a network, as well as related technologies and protocols like DHCP, NAT, and various routing protocols (such as OSPF and BGP).\n    \n*   **Wireless Networking**: Delve into the world of wireless networks by studying the different types of wireless technologies like Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and cellular networks. Understand the security concerns and best practices associated with wireless communication.\n    \n*   **Network Security**: Explore various techniques and tools used to defend networks from cyber threats, including firewalls, intrusion detection systems (IDS), intrusion prevention systems (IPS), and VPNs. Learn about security protocols like SSL/TLS, encryption algorithms, and secure access control mechanisms.\n    \n*   **Network Troubleshooting**: Understand common network issues and how to resolve them, using various network troubleshooting tools and methodologies like ping, traceroute, and Wireshark.\n    \n\nBy developing a strong foundation in networking knowledge, you will be well-equipped to tackle various cyber security challenges and protect your digital assets from potential threats. Remember, the ever-evolving landscape of cyber security demands continuous learning and updating of skills to stay ahead in the game.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "OXUd1UPPsBhNoUGLKZJGV": {
+    "title": "Understand the OSI Model",
+    "description": "The **Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model** is a framework that standardizes the functions of a telecommunication or computing system into seven distinct layers. This model is widely used to understand how different networking protocols and technologies work together to enable data transmission and communication.\n\nGiven below are different layers of the OSI model, the primary functions they perform, and their relevance to network security.\n\nPhysical Layer\n--------------\n\nThe **Physical layer** deals with the physical connection between devices, like cables or wireless signals. It is responsible for transmitting raw data (in the form of bits) between devices over a physical medium, such as copper wires or fiber optic cables.\n\nData Link Layer\n---------------\n\nThe **Data Link layer** is responsible for creating a reliable link between two devices on a network. It establishes communication between devices by dividing the data into frames (small data units) and assigning each frame with a unique address. This layer also offers error detection and correction mechanisms to ensure reliable data transfer.\n\nNetwork Layer\n-------------\n\nThe **Network layer** is responsible for routing data packets between different devices on a network, regardless of the physical connection medium. It determines the optimal path to transfer data between the source and destination devices and assigns logical addresses (IP addresses) to devices on the network.\n\nTransport Layer\n---------------\n\nThe **Transport layer** is in charge of ensuring error-free and reliable data transmissions between devices. It achieves this by managing flow control, error checking, and data segmentation. This layer also establishes connections between devices and manages data transfer using protocols like Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and User Datagram Protocol (UDP).\n\nSession Layer\n-------------\n\nThe **Session layer** manages sessions, which are continuous connections between devices. It establishes, maintains, and terminates connections between devices while ensuring proper synchronization and data exchange between the communication devices.\n\nPresentation Layer\n------------------\n\nThe **Presentation layer** is responsible for translating or converting the data format between different devices, allowing them to understand each other's data. This layer also deals with data encryption and decryption, which is an essential aspect of network security.\n\nApplication Layer\n-----------------\n\nThe **Application layer** is the interface between the user and the communication system. It is responsible for providing networking services for various applications, like email, web browsing, or file sharing.\n\nEach of these layers interacts with the adjacent layers to pass data packets back and forth. Understanding the OSI model is crucial for addressing potential security threats and vulnerabilities that can occur at each layer. By implementing strong network security measures at each layer, you can minimize the risk of cyber attacks and keep your data safe.\n\nIn the next section, we will discuss network protocols and how they play an essential role in network communication and security.",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is OSI Model?",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ilk7UXzV_Qc",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Lecture - OSI Model",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0Rb8AkTEASw",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "OSI Model Animation",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vv4y_uOneC0",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "ViF-mpR17MB3_KJ1rV8mS": {
+    "title": "Common Protocols and their Uses",
+    "description": "In this section, we will discuss some of the most common protocols used in networking and their importance in maintaining cyber security. Protocols are a set of rules and procedures that define how data should be transmitted, formatted, and processed over a network.\n\nHyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP) and HTTPS\n--------------------------------------------\n\nHTTP, or HyperText Transfer Protocol, is the foundation of data communication on the World Wide Web. It defines how data should be formatted and transmitted between a client (like your browser) and a web server. HTTP is a stateless protocol, meaning each request and response pair is independent from others.\n\nHTTPS, or HTTP Secure, is a secure version of HTTP that encrypts data between the client and server using Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) or Transport Layer Security (TLS) to protect sensitive data from being intercepted or tampered with.\n\nTransmission Control Protocol (TCP)\n-----------------------------------\n\nTCP, or Transmission Control Protocol, is a reliable, connection-oriented protocol that ensures data is delivered correctly between applications over a network. It ensures accurate and complete data delivery by establishing a connection, segmenting data into smaller packets, verifying the receipt of packets, and reordering packets to their original sequence.\n\nInternet Protocol (IP)\n----------------------\n\nInternet Protocol (IP) is responsible for delivering packets from the source host to the destination host based on their IP addresses. IP is the primary protocol in the Internet Layer of the Internet Protocol Suite and has two main versions - IPv4 and IPv6.\n\nUser Datagram Protocol (UDP)\n----------------------------\n\nUDP, or User Datagram Protocol, is a connectionless communication protocol used for fast and efficient data transmission. Unlike TCP, UDP does not provide error checking or guarantee delivery, making it suitable for real-time applications like video streaming and online gaming where low latency is crucial.\n\nDomain Name System (DNS)\n------------------------\n\nThe Domain Name System (DNS) is responsible for translating human-readable domain names (like [www.example.com](http://www.example.com)) into corresponding IP addresses that computers understand. This process is called domain name resolution. DNS is an essential component of internet communication, as it allows users to access websites using easy-to-remember names instead of numerical IP addresses.\n\nFile Transfer Protocol (FTP)\n----------------------------\n\nFile Transfer Protocol (FTP) is a standard network protocol used for transferring files from one host to another over a TCP-based network, such as the Internet. FTP is commonly used for sharing files and transferring files between a client and a server.\n\nSimple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)\n------------------------------------\n\nSimple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) is the standard protocol for sending email messages across a network. It defines how email messages should be formatted, encrypted, and relayed between email clients, servers, and other email systems.\n\nUnderstanding these common protocols and their roles in network communication is vital for ensuring the proper implementation of cyber security measures. It will help you better identify potential vulnerabilities and make informed decisions on network defense strategies.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "0tx2QYDYXhm85iYrCWd9U": {
+    "title": "Common Ports and their Uses",
+    "description": "Ports are crucial in networking, as they facilitate communication between devices and applications. They act as endpoints in the networking process, enabling data transfer. We've compiled a list of commonly used ports to help you understand their significance in cyber security.\n\nTransmission Control Protocol (TCP) Ports\n-----------------------------------------\n\n*   **FTP (File Transfer Protocol) - Ports 20 and 21**: FTP is a widely used protocol for transferring files.\n    \n*   **SSH (Secure Shell) - Port 22**: SSH allows secure communication and remote access to devices over an unsecured network.\n    \n*   **Telnet - Port 23**: Telnet is a text-based protocol that allows you to interact with remote devices over networks.\n    \n*   **SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) - Port 25**: SMTP is a protocol for sending and receiving emails.\n    \n*   **DNS (Domain Name System) - Port 53**: DNS translates human-readable domain names into IP addresses to facilitate communication between devices.\n    \n*   **HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) - Port 80**: HTTP is the primary protocol used for communication on the World Wide Web.\n    \n*   **POP3 (Post Office Protocol 3) - Port 110**: POP3 is a protocol for receiving emails from your email server.\n    \n*   **IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol) - Port 143**: IMAP is a more advanced email protocol that allows you to access and manage your emails on the email server.\n    \n*   **HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure) - Port 443**: HTTPS is an encrypted and secure version of HTTP.\n    \n*   **RDP (Remote Desktop Protocol) - Port 3389**: RDP is a Microsoft-developed protocol for remotely accessing Windows devices.\n    \n\nUser Datagram Protocol (UDP) Ports\n----------------------------------\n\n*   **DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) - Ports 67 and 68**: DHCP is used to allocate IP addresses to devices within a network.\n    \n*   **DNS (Domain Name System) - Port 53**: (same function as in TCP)\n    \n*   **TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol) - Port 69**: TFTP is a simplified version of FTP for quick and easy file transfer.\n    \n*   **SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) - Port 161**: SNMP enables monitoring and managing network devices, including printers, routers, and switches.\n    \n*   **NTP (Network Time Protocol) - Port 123**: NTP is a standard protocol used to synchronize time across network devices.\n    \n\nUnderstanding these common ports and their functions is essential for network administrators and cyber security professionals. Proper knowledge of these ports will help you identify and assess potential security risks, as well as implement robust network defense measures.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "dJ0NUsODFhk52W2zZxoPh": {
+    "title": "SSL and TLS Basics",
+    "description": "Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) and Transport Layer Security (TLS) are cryptographic protocols designed to provide secure communication over a computer network. They play a vital role in protecting sensitive information transmitted online, such as login credentials, financial information, and private user data.\n\nSecure Sockets Layer (SSL)\n--------------------------\n\nSSL is the predecessor to TLS and was first introduced in the 1990s. It creates an encrypted connection between a client (typically a web browser) and a server to ensure that any data transmitted remains private and secure. SSL uses a combination of symmetric and asymmetric encryption methods, as well as digital certificates, to establish and maintain secure communication.\n\nTransport Layer Security (TLS)\n------------------------------\n\nTLS is an improved and more secure version of SSL, with TLS 1.0 being released as an upgrade to SSL 3.0. The current version, as of this guide, is TLS 1.3. TLS provides a more robust and flexible security framework, addressing many of the vulnerabilities present in SSL. While many people still refer to SSL when discussing secure web communication, it's important to note that SSL has been deprecated, and TLS is the best-practice standard for secure communication.\n\nKey Components\n--------------\n\n*   **Encryption**: SSL and TLS use powerful algorithms to protect data through encryption, ensuring it's unreadable by anyone without the proper decryption keys.\n*   **Authentication**: SSL/TLS digital certificates verify the identities of clients and servers, providing trust and authenticity.\n*   **Integrity**: These security protocols use message authentication codes to ensure that the data sent between clients and servers has not been tampered with during transmission.\n\nHandshake Process\n-----------------\n\nSSL and TLS follow a series of steps, known as the \"handshake process,\" to create a secure connection:\n\n*   **Client hello**: The client initiates the handshake process by sending a message with supported cryptographic algorithms, random numbers, and session information.\n*   **Server hello**: The server responds with its chosen cryptographic algorithms, random numbers, and its digital certificate. Optionally, the server can request the client's certificate for mutual authentication.\n*   **Client verification**: The client verifies the server's certificate and may send its own if requested. It then creates a pre-master secret, encrypts it with the server's public key, and sends it to the server.\n*   **Key generation and exchange**: Both the client and server generate the master secret and session keys using the pre-master secret and shared random numbers. These keys are used for encrypting and decrypting the data transmitted.\n*   **Secured connection**: Once the keys are exchanged, the client and server can now communicate securely using the established encryption and keys.\n\nSecure communication is critical for any organization handling sensitive data. SSL and TLS serve as the backbone for protecting data in transit and play a significant role in ensuring the confidentiality, integrity, and authenticity of online communications.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "SSH vs TLS vs SSL",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k3rFFLmQCuY",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "umbMBQ0yYmB5PgWfY6zfO": {
+    "title": "Basics of NAS and SAN",
+    "description": "Network Attached Storage (NAS) and Storage Area Network (SAN) technologies play a crucial role in managing data within an organization and serve as the building blocks for a more comprehensive IT infrastructure.\n\nNetwork Attached Storage (NAS)\n------------------------------\n\nNAS is a high-capacity storage solution that operates on a data file level, allowing multiple users and clients to access, store, and retrieve data from a centralized location over a network. NAS devices are generally connected to a local area network (LAN) and use various file-sharing protocols, such as NFS (Network File System), SMB/CIFS (Server Message Block/Common Internet File System), or AFP (Apple Filing Protocol).\n\nSome key features of a NAS system include:\n\n*   **Ease of Deployment**: NAS devices are simple to install and configure, facilitating quick integration into existing network infrastructures.\n*   **Scalability**: NAS systems can be easily expanded to accommodate growing storage needs by adding more drives or units.\n*   **Data Protection**: Most NAS devices offer data protection features such as RAID (Redundant Array of Independent Disks), data backup, and data encryption.\n\nStorage Area Network (SAN)\n--------------------------\n\nSAN is a high-performance, dedicated storage network designed to provide block-level data storage for applications and servers. Unlike NAS, which uses file-sharing protocols, SANs utilize block-based protocols such as Fibre Channel (FC) and iSCSI (Internet Small Computer System Interface) to handle storage requests.\n\nSANs offer several advantages in terms of performance, reliability, and scalability:\n\n*   **Performance**: SANs can handle low-latency, high-speed data transfers, providing optimal performance for mission-critical applications and large-scale virtualization.\n*   **Fault Tolerance**: SANs are designed to provide redundancy and failover capabilities, ensuring continued access to data in the event of hardware failures.\n*   **Scalability**: SANs can be easily scaled by adding more disk arrays, switches, or connections to meet growing storage demands.\n\nNAS vs. SAN: Choosing the Right Solution\n----------------------------------------\n\nWhen it comes to deciding between NAS and SAN, there are several factors to consider:\n\n*   **Cost**: NAS devices are generally more affordable than SANs, making them an attractive option for smaller organizations or environments with limited budgets.\n*   **Infrastructure**: NAS solutions can be more easily integrated into existing network infrastructures, whereas SANs may require dedicated hardware, connections, and management tools.\n*   **Performance Requirements**: If you need high-performance storage for intensive applications, SANs may be a more appropriate choice than NAS.\n*   **Data Management**: While NAS solutions excel in handling file-based storage, SANs provide better support for block-level storage and can deliver improved performance for virtualized environments and database applications.\n\nIt's essential to evaluate your organization's specific needs and requirements to determine which storage solution is the most appropriate fit. As you expand your knowledge in cyber security, a solid understanding of both NAS and SAN technologies will prove invaluable in implementing secure and efficient data storage systems.",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "NAS vs SAN",
+        "url": "https://youtu.be/3yZDDr0JKVc",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "E8Z7qFFW-I9ivr0HzoXCq": {
+    "title": "Basics of Subnetting",
+    "description": "Subnetting is the process of dividing an IP network into smaller sub-networks called subnets. It allows better allocation of IP addresses and provides better organization, control, and security for the network. Here we go through some of the basic concepts of subnetting and why it's crucial for cybersecurity.\n\nIP Addresses and Subnet Masks\n-----------------------------\n\nAn IP address is a unique identifier for devices on a network. It consists of two parts: the network address and the host address. The network address indicates the network to which a device belongs, while the host address identifies the specific device within that network.\n\nSubnet masks are used to define which portion of an IP address is the network address and which is the host address. For example, in the IP address `192.168.1.5`, and subnet mask `255.255.255.0`, the network address is `192.168.1.0`, and the host address is `5`.\n\nWhy Subnetting?\n---------------\n\nSubnetting has several advantages, including:\n\n*   **Improved Network Performance**: Breaking a large network into smaller subnets helps reduce congestion and improve overall performance.\n*   **Enhanced Security**: By isolating different parts of a network, you can control access and limit the spread of potential threats.\n*   **Easier Administration**: Smaller networks are easier to manage and maintain, as it's simpler to track issues and allocate resources.\n\nSubnetting Process\n------------------\n\nThe process of subnetting involves the following steps:\n\n*   **Choose the Appropriate Subnet Mask**: Determine the right subnet mask for your network based on the number of required subnets and hosts. The more subnets you need, the more bits you will \"borrow\" from the host portion of the IP address.\n    \n*   **Divide the Network into Subnets**: Calculate the subnet addresses by incrementing the network portion of the IP address by the value of the borrowed bits.\n    \n*   **Determine Host Ranges**: Calculate the valid host addresses within each subnet by identifying the first and last usable IP addresses. Remember that the first address in a subnet is the network address, and the last address is used for broadcasting.\n    \n*   **Assign IP Addresses**: Allocate IP addresses to devices within their respective subnets, and configure devices with the correct subnet mask.\n    \n\nExample\n-------\n\nLet's suppose we have the network `192.168.1.0` with a subnet mask of `255.255.255.0`. We want to create four smaller subnets. Here's how we can do it:\n\n*   `255.255.255.0` in binary is `11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000`. We can borrow 2 bits from the host portion to create four subnets: `11111111.11111111.11111111.11000000`, which is `255.255.255.192` in decimal format.\n    \n*   Our subnets will have the following network addresses:\n    \n    *   `192.168.1.0`\n    *   `192.168.1.64`\n    *   `192.168.1.128`\n    *   `192.168.1.192`\n*   The valid host ranges within each subnet are:\n    \n    *   `192.168.1.1 - 192.168.1.62`\n    *   `192.168.1.65 - 192.168.1.126`\n    *   `192.168.1.129 - 192.168.1.190`\n    *   `192.168.1.193 - 192.168.1.254`\n*   Allocate IP addresses from these host ranges to devices within their respective subnets, and configure devices with the correct subnet mask (`255.255.255.192`).\n    \n\nUnderstanding the basics of subnetting is essential to properly configuring and securing your network. By efficiently dividing your network into smaller subnets, you can optimize performance, organization, and security.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "2nQfhnvBjJg1uDZ28aE4v": {
+    "title": "Public vs Private IP Addresses",
+    "description": "When it comes to IP addresses, they are categorized in two major types: Public IP Addresses and Private IP Addresses. Both play a key role in network communication; however, they serve different purposes. Let's examine them more closely:\n\nPublic IP Addresses\n-------------------\n\nA public IP address is a globally unique IP address that is assigned to a device or a network. This type of IP address is reachable over the Internet and enables devices to communicate with other devices, servers, and networks located anywhere in the world.\n\nHere are some key features of public IP addresses:\n\n*   Routable over the Internet.\n*   Assigned by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA).\n*   Usually assigned to an organization or Internet Service Provider (ISP).\n*   Can be either static (permanent) or dynamic (changes periodically).\n\nExample: `72.14.207.99`\n\nPrivate IP Addresses\n--------------------\n\nPrivate IP addresses, on the other hand, are used within local area networks (LANs) and are not visible on the Internet. These addresses are reserved for internal use within an organization, home, or local network. They are often assigned by a router or a network administrator for devices within the same network, such as your computer, printer, or smartphone.\n\nHere are some key features of private IP addresses:\n\n*   Not routable over the Internet (requires Network Address Translator (NAT) to communicate with public IP addresses).\n*   Assigned by local network devices, such as routers or network administrators.\n*   Reusable in different private networks (as they are not globally unique).\n*   Static or dynamic (depending on the network's configuration).\n\nPrivate IP address ranges:\n\n*   `10.0.0.0` to `10.255.255.255` (Class A)\n*   `172.16.0.0` to `172.31.255.255` (Class B)\n*   `192.168.0.0` to `192.168.255.255` (Class C)\n\nExample: `192.168.1.100`\n\nIn summary, public IP addresses are used for communication over the Internet, whereas private IP addresses are used within local networks. Understanding the difference between these two types of IP addresses is essential for grasping the basics of network connectivity and cyber security.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "0TWwox-4pSwuXojI8ixFO": {
+    "title": "localhost",
+    "description": "Localhost (also known as loopback address) is a term used to define a network address that is used by a device (usually a computer or a server) to refer to itself. In other words, it's a way for your device to establish a network connection to itself. The most commonly used IP address for localhost is `127.0.0.1`, which is reserved as a loopback address in IPv4 networks. For IPv6 networks, it's represented by `::1`.\n\nPurpose and Usage of Localhost\n------------------------------\n\nLocalhost is useful for a variety of reasons, such as:\n\n*   **Testing and Development**: Developers can use localhost to develop and test web applications or software without the need for connecting to external network resources.\n    \n*   **Network Services**: Some applications and servers use localhost to provide network services to the local system only, optimizing performance and security.\n    \n*   **Troubleshooting**: Localhost can be used as a diagnostic tool to test if the network stack on the device is functioning correctly.\n    \n\nConnecting to Localhost\n-----------------------\n\nTo connect to localhost, you can use several methods depending on the tasks you want to accomplish:\n\n*   **Web Browser**: If you're running a local web server, you can simply enter `http://127.0.0.1` or `http://localhost` in your browser's address bar and access the locally hosted web application.\n    \n*   **Command Line**: You can use utilities like `ping`, `traceroute`, or `telnet` at the command prompt to verify connectivity and network functionality using localhost.\n    \n*   **Application Settings**: Some applications, such as web servers or database servers, may have configuration settings that allow you to bind them to the loopback address (`127.0.0.1` or `::1`). This will restrict the services to the local system and prevent them from being accessed by external sources.\n    \n\nRemember, connections to localhost do not pass through your computer's physical network interfaces, and as such, they're not subject to the same security risks or performance limitations that a real network connection might have.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "W_oloLu2Euz5zRSy7v_T8": {
+    "title": "loopback",
+    "description": "Loopback is an essential concept in IP terminology that refers to a test mechanism used to validate the operation of various network protocols, and software or hardware components. The primary function of the loopback feature is to enable a device to send a data packet to itself to verify if the device's network stack is functioning correctly.\n\nImportance of Loopback\n----------------------\n\nThe concept of loopback is critical for the following reasons:\n\n*   **Troubleshooting**: Loopback helps in diagnosing and detecting network connectivity issues. It can also help ascertain whether an application or device is correctly processing and responding to incoming network traffic.\n*   **Testing**: Loopback can be used extensively by developers to test software applications or components without external network access. This ensures that the software behaves as expected even without a working network connection.\n\nLoopback Address\n----------------\n\nIn IP terminology, there's a pre-allocated IP address for loopback. For IPv4, the reserved address is `127.0.0.1`. For IPv6, the loopback address is `::1`. When a device sends a packet to either of these addresses, the packet is rerouted to the local device, making it the source and destination simultaneously.\n\nLoopback Interface\n------------------\n\nApart from loopback addresses, there's also a network device known as the \"loopback interface.\" This interface is a virtual network interface implemented in software. The loopback interface is assigned a loopback address and can be used to emulate network connections for various purposes, such as local services or inter-process communications.\n\nSummary\n-------\n\nLoopback plays a crucial role in IP technology by enabling devices to run diagnostic tests and validate the correct functioning of software and hardware components. Using the loopback addresses for IPv4 (`127.0.0.1`) and IPv6 (`::1`), it allows network packets to circulate internally within the local device, facilitating developers to test and verify network operations.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "PPIH1oHW4_ZDyD3U3shDg": {
+    "title": "CIDR",
+    "description": "CIDR, or Classless Inter-Domain Routing, is a method of allocating IP addresses and routing Internet Protocol packets in a more flexible and efficient way, compared to the older method of Classful IP addressing. Developed in the early 1990s, CIDR helps to slow down the depletion of IPv4 addresses and reduce the size of routing tables, resulting in better performance and scalability of the Internet.\n\nHow CIDR works\n--------------\n\nCIDR achieves its goals by replacing the traditional Class A, B, and C addressing schemes with a system that allows for variable-length subnet masking (VLSM). In CIDR, an IP address and its subnet mask are written together as a single entity, referred to as a _CIDR notation_.\n\nA CIDR notation looks like this: `192.168.1.0/24`. Here, `192.168.1.0` is the IP address, and `/24` represents the subnet mask. The number after the slash (/) is called the _prefix length_, which indicates how many bits of the subnet mask should be set to 1 (bitmask). The remaining bits of the subnet mask are set to 0.\n\nFor example, a `/24` prefix length corresponds to a subnet mask of `255.255.255.0`, because the first 24 bits are set to 1. This allows for 256 total IP addresses in the subnet, with 254 of these IPs available for devices (The first and last IP are reserved for the network address and broadcast address, respectively).\n\nAdvantages of CIDR\n------------------\n\n*   **Efficient IP allocation:** CIDR allows for more granular allocation of IPv4 addresses, reducing wasted IP space.\n*   **Reduction of routing table size:** CIDR enables route aggregation (route summarization), which combines multiple network routes to a single routing table entry.\n*   **Decreased routing updates:** By allowing routers to share more generalized routing information, the number of routing updates gets significantly reduced, improving network stability and reducing router workload.\n\nCIDR in IPv6\n------------\n\nCIDR also plays a crucial role in the IPv6 addressing system, where the use of CIDR notation and address aggregation has become even more critical in managing the immense address space of IPv6 efficiently.\n\nIn conclusion, CIDR is an essential component of modern IP networking systems, enabling better utilization of IP address space and improving the overall scalability and performance of the Internet. It's crucial for network administrators and security professionals to have a solid understanding of CIDR, as it plays a significant role in configuring, managing, and securing IP networks.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "f-v8qtweWXFY_Ryo3oYUF": {
+    "title": "subnet mask",
+    "description": "A **subnet mask** is a crucial component of Internet Protocol (IP) addressing, acting as a \"mask\" to separate the network portion of an IP address from the host portion. It is a 32-bit number representing a sequence of 1's followed by a sequence of 0's, used to define the boundary of a subnet within a given IP address.\n\nThe primary purpose of a subnet mask is to:\n\n*   Define network boundaries\n*   Facilitate IP routing\n*   Break down large IP networks into smaller, manageable subnetworks (subnets)\n\nFormat\n------\n\nThe subnet mask is written in the same dotted-decimal format as IP addresses (i.e., four octets separated by dots). For instance, the default subnet mask for a Class A IP address is `255.0.0.0`, for Class B is `255.255.0.0`, and for Class C is `255.255.255.0`.\n\nImportance in Cybersecurity\n---------------------------\n\nUnderstanding and configuring subnet masks correctly is crucial in cybersecurity, as they:\n\n*   Help to isolate different segments of your network, leading to greater security control and more efficient usage of resources\n*   Facilitate the division of IP networks into smaller subnets, which can then be assigned to different departments, groups, or functions within an organization\n*   Enhance network efficiency by preventing unnecessary broadcast traffic\n*   Improve the overall network stability and monitoring capabilities\n\nTo determine the appropriate subnet mask for different requirements, you can use various subnetting tools available online. Proper management of subnet masks is crucial for maintaining a secure, efficient, and well-functioning network.",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Wildcard mask",
+        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wildcard_mask",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "5rKaFtjYx0n2iF8uTLs8X": {
+    "title": "default gateway",
+    "description": "In our journey through IP terminology, we now arrive at the topic of **Default Gateway**. Understanding the role and importance of the default gateway in a network is crucial for grasping the fundamentals of cyber security and data routing.\n\nOverview\n--------\n\nThe default gateway is basically a device (usually a router) on a network which serves as an access point for data traffic to travel from the local network to other networks, such as the internet. This device acts as a \"middleman\" between your computer and external networks, and is often set up by your internet service provider (ISP) or during the configuration of your own router.\n\nRole in Networks\n----------------\n\nIn a nutshell, the default gateway plays the following roles:\n\n*   **Packet Routing**: It directs the network packets from your local computer or device to their ultimate destination. When a packet with a destination IP address is not on the same network as the source device, the default gateway routes the packet to the appropriate external network.\n    \n*   **Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)**: The default gateway obtains the physical address (MAC address) of a computer that is located on another network by using ARP.\n    \n*   **Protection**: In many cases, the default gateway also serves as a layer of network protection by restricting access to certain external networks, as well as regulating traffic from the internet.\n    \n\nConfiguration\n-------------\n\nTo benefit from the services of a default gateway, your device needs to be properly configured. Most devices and operating systems obtain their network settings (including the default gateway address) automatically using DHCP. But you can also configure network settings manually if needed.\n\n**Note**: Each device connected to a network must have a unique IP address. Also, remember that devices on the same network should use the same default gateway address.\n\nIn conclusion, recognizing the significance of the default gateway and having a working knowledge of how it functions is an essential part of IP terminology, affecting both cyber security and efficient data routing. Continuing your education on the subject will better equip you to take advantage of your devices' networking features, as well as protect your valuable data from potential cyber threats.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "d5Cv3EXf6OXW19yPJ4x6e": {
+    "title": "VLAN",
+    "description": "A **VLAN** or **Virtual Local Area Network** is a logical grouping of devices or users within a network, based on shared attributes like location, department, or security requirements. VLANs play a crucial role in improving network security, enabling better resource allocation, and simplifying network management.\n\nKey Features of VLANs\n---------------------\n\n*   **Isolation:** VLANs isolate traffic between different groups, helping to minimize the risk of unauthorized access to sensitive data.\n*   **Scalability:** VLANs allow network administrators to grow and change networks with ease, without causing disruptions.\n*   **Cost Effectiveness:** VLANs can reduce the need for additional hardware by reusing existing switches and networks for added functionality.\n*   **Improved Performance:** By narrowing the broadcast domain, VLANs can improve network performance by reducing unnecessary traffic.\n\nTypes of VLANs\n--------------\n\n*   **Port-based VLANs:** In this type, devices are separated based on their physical connection to the switch. Each port is assigned to a specific VLAN.\n*   **Protocol-based VLANs:** Devices are grouped based on the network protocol they use. For example, all IP devices can be assigned to one VLAN, while IPX devices can be assigned to another.\n*   **MAC-based VLANs:** Devices are assigned to VLANs based on their MAC addresses. This approach offers better security and flexibility but requires more administrative effort.\n\nCreating and Managing VLANs\n---------------------------\n\nVLANs are created and managed through network switches that support VLAN configuration. Switches use a VLAN ID (ranging from 1 to 4094) to uniquely identify each VLAN. VLAN Trunking Protocol (VTP) and IEEE 802.1Q standard are typically used to manage VLANs between different switches.\n\nSecurity Considerations\n-----------------------\n\nVLANs play a crucial role in network security; however, they are not foolproof. VLAN hopping and unauthorized access can still occur if proper measures, such as Private VLANs and Access Control Lists (ACLs), are not implemented to secure the network.\n\nIn summary, VLANs offer a flexible and secure way to manage and segment networks based on needs and requirements. By understanding their purpose, types, and security considerations, network administrators can efficiently use VLANs to improve overall network performance and security.",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "VLAN Explained",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jC6MJTh9fRE",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "gfpvDQz61I3zTB7tGu7vp": {
+    "title": "DMZ",
+    "description": "A **DMZ**, also known as a **Demilitarized Zone**, is a specific part of a network that functions as a buffer or separation between an organization's internal, trusted network and the external, untrusted networks like the internet. The primary purpose of a DMZ is to isolate critical systems and data from the potentially hostile external environment and provide an extra layer of security.\n\nPurpose of DMZ\n--------------\n\n*   **Security**: By segregating critical systems, a DMZ reduces the risk of unauthorized access and potential damage from external threats. This is achieved by implementing strong access controls, firewalls, and intrusion detection and prevention systems (IDS/IPS) to monitor and filter traffic between the DMZ and internal networks.\n*   **Content Filtering**: It enables organizations to place publicly accessible servers (e.g., web and email servers) within the DMZ without exposing the entire internal network to potential attacks. This ensures that only authorized traffic is allowed to pass through.\n*   **Ease of Management**: DMZ aids in simplifying security management processes as it provides a centralized location for implementing, auditing, and monitoring security policies, rules, and configurations for public-facing resources.\n\nComponents of DMZ\n-----------------\n\nThe key components in a DMZ include:\n\n*   **Firewalls**: These devices are used to control and manage traffic between the DMZ, internal, and external networks. They can be configured to allow, deny, or restrict access based on pre-defined security policies and rules.\n*   **Proxies**: Proxy servers act as intermediaries between the internal network and the internet. They help to screen and filter incoming and outgoing web traffic, providing an additional layer of security.\n*   **Intrusion Detection and Prevention Systems (IDS/IPS)**: These tools continuously monitor and analyze network traffic, looking for signs of unauthorized access or malicious activities, and automatically take appropriate actions to mitigate threats.\n*   **Public-Facing Servers**: These are the servers hosted within the DMZ, designed to serve content and resources to external users. They are typically configured with additional security measures to further reduce the risk of compromise.\n\nAs the author of this guide, I hope this brief summary about DMZ helps you enhance your understanding of cyber security terminologies and their importance in protecting organizations' networks and data. Keep reading for more insights!",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is DMZ? (Demilitarized Zone)",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dqlzQXo1wqo",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "M52V7hmG4ORf4TIVw3W3J": {
+    "title": "ARP",
+    "description": "ARP is a protocol used by the Internet Protocol (IP) to map an IP address to a physical address, also known as a Media Access Control (MAC) address. ARP is essential for routing data between devices in a Local Area Network (LAN) as it allows for the translation of IP addresses to specific hardware on the network.\n\nHow It Works\n------------\n\nWhen a device wants to communicate with another device on the same LAN, it needs to determine the corresponding MAC address for the target IP address. ARP helps in this process by broadcasting an ARP request containing the target IP address. All devices within the broadcast domain receive this ARP request and compare the target IP address with their own IP address. If a match is found, the device with the matching IP address sends an ARP reply which contains its MAC address.\n\nThe device that initiated the ARP request can now update its ARP cache (a table that stores IP-to-MAC mappings) with the new information, and then proceed to send data to the target's MAC address.\n\nSecurity Concerns\n-----------------\n\nWhile ARP is crucial for the functioning of most networks, it also presents certain security risks. ARP poisoning, for example, occurs when an attacker sends fake ARP messages with the goal to associate their MAC address with the IP address of a target device. This can lead to Man-in-the-Middle (MITM) attacks where the attacker can intercept, modify, or block traffic intended for the target device.\n\nTo mitigate ARP poisoning attacks, organizations can implement security measures such as static ARP entries, dynamic ARP inspection, and ensuring that their network devices are updated with the latest security patches.\n\nBy understanding ARP and the potential security risks it presents, you can help protect your network by incorporating appropriate security solutions and staying vigilant against potential threats.",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "ARP Explained - Address Resolution Protocol",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cn8Zxh9bPio",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "ZTC5bLWEIQcdmowc7sk_E": {
+    "title": "VM",
+    "description": "A **Virtual Machine (VM)** is a software-based emulation of a computer system that operates on a physical hardware, also known as a host. VMs provide an additional layer of isolation and security as they run independent of the host's operating system. They can execute their own operating system (called the guest OS) and applications, allowing users to run multiple operating systems on the same hardware simultaneously.\n\nVirtual machines are commonly used in cybersecurity for tasks such as:\n\n*   **Testing and analysis**: Security researchers often use VMs to study malware and vulnerabilities in a safe and contained environment without risking their primary system.\n    \n*   **Network segmentation**: VMs can be used to isolate different network segments within an organization, to help prevent the spread of malware or limit the impact of an attack.\n    \n*   **System recovery**: VMs can act as backups for critical systems or applications. In the event of a system failure, a VM can be spun up to provide continuity in business operations.\n    \n*   **Software development and testing**: Developers can use VMs to build and test software in a controlled and reproducible environment, reducing the risks of incompatibilities or unexpected behaviors when the software is deployed on a live system.\n    \n\nKey terminologies associated with VMs include:\n\n*   **Hypervisor**: Also known as Virtual Machine Monitor (VMM), is a software or hardware component that creates, runs, and manages virtual machines. Hypervisors are divided into two types - Type 1 (bare-metal) and Type 2 (hosted).\n    \n*   **Snapshot**: A snapshot is a point-in-time image of a virtual machine that includes the state of the guest OS, applications, and data. Snapshots are useful for quickly reverting a VM back to a previous state if needed.\n    \n*   **Live Migration**: This refers to the process of moving a running virtual machine from one physical host to another with minimal or no disruption to the guest OS and its applications. Live migration enables load balancing and ensures minimal downtime during hardware maintenance.\n    \n\nUnderstanding and effectively utilizing virtual machines plays a significant role in enhancing the security posture of an organization, allowing for agile incident response and proactive threat analysis.",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Infrastructure",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/infrastructure?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Virtualization Explained",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UBVVq-xz5i0",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "T4312p70FqRBkzVfWKMaR": {
+    "title": "DHCP",
+    "description": "**Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)** is a network protocol that enables automatic assignment of IP addresses to devices on a network. It is an essential component of IP networking and aims to simplify the process of configuring devices to communicate over an IP-based network.\n\nKey Features of DHCP\n--------------------\n\n*   **Automatic IP Address Assignment**: DHCP eliminates the need for manual IP address assignment by automatically providing devices with the necessary IP addresses, reducing the risk of duplicate addressing.\n*   **Network Configuration**: In addition to IP addresses, DHCP can also provide other essential network information such as subnet mask, default gateway, and DNS server information.\n*   **IP Address Reuse**: When a device leaves the network or no longer needs an IP address, DHCP allows the address to be reused and assigned to a different device.\n*   **Lease Duration**: DHCP assigns IP addresses for a specific period called a \"lease.\" After a lease expires, the device must request a new IP address or get its current address renewed.\n\nHow DHCP Works\n--------------\n\nThe DHCP process consists of four main steps:\n\n*   **DHCP Discover**: A device (client) looking to join a network sends a broadcast message known as a \"DHCP Discover\" message to locate a DHCP server.\n*   **DHCP Offer**: Upon receiving the \"DHCP Discover\" broadcast, the DHCP server responds with a unicast \"DHCP Offer\" message containing the necessary network configuration information (e.g., IP address) for the client.\n*   **DHCP Request**: The client receives the offer and sends back a \"DHCP Request\" message to confirm the IP address assignment and other network information.\n*   **DHCP Acknowledgment (ACK)**: Finally, the DHCP server sends an \"ACK\" message confirming the successful assignment of IP address and network settings. The client can now use the allocated IP address to communicate over the network.\n\nImportance in Cyber Security\n----------------------------\n\nUnderstanding DHCP is crucial for network professionals and cyber security experts as it can be a potential attack vector. Adversaries can exploit DHCP by setting up rogue DHCP servers on the network, conducting man-in-the-middle attacks or even conducting denial-of-service attacks. Consequently, securing DHCP servers, monitoring network traffic for anomalies, and employing strong authentication and authorization methods are essential practices for maintaining network security.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "ORIdKG8H97VkBUYpiDtXf": {
+    "title": "DNS",
+    "description": "**DNS** is a key component in the internet infrastructure that translates human-friendly domain names (e.g., `www.example.com`) into IP addresses (e.g., `192.0.2.44`). This translation process enables us to easily connect to websites and other online resources without having to remember complex numeric IP addresses.\n\nThe DNS operates as a distributed and hierarchical system which involves the following components:\n\n*   **DNS Resolver**: Your device's initial contact point with the DNS infrastructure, often provided by your Internet Service Provider (ISP) or a third-party service like Google Public DNS.\n    \n*   **Root Servers**: The authoritative servers on the top of the DNS hierarchy that guide DNS queries to the appropriate Top-Level Domain (TLD) servers.\n    \n*   **TLD Servers**: These servers manage the allocation of domain names for top-level domains, such as `.com`, `.org`, etc.\n    \n*   **Authoritative Name Servers**: These are the servers responsible for storing the DNS records pertaining to a specific domain (e.g., `example.com`).\n    \n\nSome common DNS record types you might encounter include:\n\n*   **A (Address) Record**: Maps a domain name to an IPv4 address.\n*   **AAAA (Address) Record**: Maps a domain name to an IPv6 address.\n*   **CNAME (Canonical Name) Record**: Maps an alias domain name to a canonical domain name.\n*   **MX (Mail Exchange) Record**: Specifies the mail servers responsible for handling email for the domain.\n*   **TXT (Text) Record**: Contains human-readable or machine-readable text, often used for verification purposes or providing additional information about a domain.\n\nAs an essential part of the internet, the security and integrity of the DNS infrastructure are crucial. However, it's vulnerable to various types of cyber attacks, such as DNS cache poisoning, Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks, and DNS hijacking. Proper DNS security measures, such as DNSSEC (DNS Security Extensions) and monitoring unusual DNS traffic patterns, can help mitigate risks associated with these attacks.",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "DNS in detail (TryHackMe)",
+        "url": "https://tryhackme.com/room/dnsindetail",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about DNS",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/dns?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "DNS Explained in 100 Seconds (YouTube)",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UVR9lhUGAyU",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "Kkd3f_0OYNCdpDgrJ-_Ju": {
+    "title": "NAT",
+    "description": "Network Address Translation (NAT) is a key element in modern network security. It acts as a middleman between devices on your local area network (LAN) and the external internet. NAT helps to conserve IP addresses and improve privacy and security by translating IP addresses within private networks to public IP addresses for communication on the internet.\n\nHow NAT works\n-------------\n\nNAT is implemented on a router, firewall or a similar networking device. When devices in the LAN communicate with external networks, NAT allows these devices to share a single public IP address, which is registered on the internet. This is achieved through the following translation types:\n\n*   **Static NAT:** A one-to-one mapping between a private IP address and a public IP address. Each private address is mapped to a unique public address.\n*   **Dynamic NAT:** A one-to-one mapping between a private IP address and a public IP address, but the public address is chosen from a pool rather than being pre-assigned.\n*   **Port Address Translation (PAT):** Also known as NAT Overload, PAT maps multiple private IP addresses to a single public IP address, using unique source port numbers to differentiate the connections.\n\nAdvantages of NAT\n-----------------\n\n*   **Conservation of IP addresses:** NAT helps mitigate the shortage of IPv4 addresses by allowing multiple devices to share a single public IP address, reducing the need for organizations to purchase additional IP addresses.\n*   **Security and Privacy:** By hiding internal IP addresses, NAT adds a layer of obscurity, making it harder for attackers to target specific devices within your network.\n*   **Flexibility:** NAT enables you to change your internal IP address scheme without having to update the public IP address, reducing time and effort in reconfiguring your network.\n\nDisadvantages of NAT\n--------------------\n\n*   **Compatibility issues:** Certain applications and protocols may encounter issues when operating behind a NAT environment, such as IP-based authentication or peer-to-peer networking.\n*   **Performance impact:** The translation process may introduce latency and reduce performance in high-traffic networks.\n*   **End-to-End Connectivity:** NAT generally breaks the end-to-end communication model of the internet, which can cause issues in some scenarios.\n\nIn summary, NAT plays a crucial role in modern cybersecurity by conserving IP addresses, obscuring internal networks and providing a level of security against external threats. While there are some disadvantages, its benefits make it an essential component in network security.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "FdoqB2---uDAyz6xZjk_u": {
+    "title": "IP",
+    "description": "IP, or Internet Protocol, is a fundamental concept in cybersecurity that refers to the way data is transferred across networks, specifically the internet. It is a core component of the internet's architecture and serves as the primary building block for communication between devices connected to the network.\n\nIP Address\n----------\n\nAn IP address is a unique identifier assigned to each device connected to a network, like a computer or smartphone. It comprises a series of numbers separated by dots (e.g., 192.168.1.1). IP addresses can be either IPv4 (32-bit) or the newer IPv6 (128-bit) format, which provides more available addresses. They allow devices to send and receive data packets to and from other devices on the internet.\n\nIP Routing\n----------\n\nIP routing is the process of directing data packets from one IP address to another via routers. These routers help find the most efficient path for the data to take as it travels across networks, ensuring that communication is fast and reliable.\n\nIP Protocols\n------------\n\nTwo main IP protocols exist for transferring data over the internet: Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and User Datagram Protocol (UDP). Each protocol has its own unique characteristics and use cases.\n\n*   **TCP**: Designed to ensure error-free, in-order transmission of data packets, TCP is used for applications where reliability is more important than speed, such as file transfers, email, and web browsing.\n*   **UDP**: A faster, connectionless protocol that doesn't guarantee the order or integrity of data packets, making it suitable for real-time applications like video streaming and online gaming.\n\nIP Security Risks\n-----------------\n\nIP-based attacks can disrupt communication between devices and even result in unauthorized access to sensitive data. Such attacks include:\n\n*   **IP Spoofing**: Manipulating an IP address to disguise the source of traffic or impersonate another device on the network.\n*   **DDoS Attacks**: Overwhelming a target IP address or network with a massive amount of traffic, making services unavailable to users.\n*   **Man-in-the-Middle Attacks**: Interceptors intercept and potentially modify data in transit between two IP addresses, enabling eavesdropping, data theft, or message alteration.\n\nIP Security Best Practices\n--------------------------\n\nTo safeguard against IP-based threats, consider implementing the following cybersecurity best practices:\n\n*   Deploy firewalls to filter out malicious traffic and block unauthorized access.\n*   Use VPNs to encrypt data in transit and hide your IP address from potential attackers.\n*   Regularly update network devices and software to patch vulnerabilities.\n*   Employ intrusion detection and prevention systems (IDPS) to monitor and counter threats.\n*   Educate users about safe internet habits and the importance of strong, unique passwords.\n\nUnderstanding IP and its associated security risks is crucial in ensuring the safe and efficient transfer of data across networks. By following best practices, you can help protect your network and devices from potential cyber threats.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "lwSFIbIX-xOZ0QK2sGFb1": {
+    "title": "Router",
+    "description": "A **router** is a networking device responsible for forwarding data packets between computer networks. It acts as a traffic coordinator, choosing the best possible path for data transmission, thus ensuring smooth communication between networks. Routers are an integral part of the internet, helping to establish and maintain connections between different networks and devices.\n\nFunctionality of Routers\n------------------------\n\n*   **Routing Decisions**: Routers analyze incoming data packets and make decisions on which path to forward the data based on destination IP addresses and network conditions.\n    \n*   **Connecting Networks**: Routers are essential in connecting different networks together. They enable communication between your home network and the broader internet, as well as between different networks within an organization.\n    \n*   **Managing Traffic**: Routers manage the flow of data to ensure optimal performance and avoid network congestion. They can prioritize certain types of data, such as video streaming, to ensure a better user experience.\n    \n\nTypes of Routers\n----------------\n\n*   **Wired Routers**: Utilize Ethernet cables to connect devices to the network. They typically come with multiple ethernet ports for devices such as computers, gaming consoles, and smart TVs.\n    \n*   **Wireless Routers**: Provide network access without needing physical cables. Wireless routers use Wi-Fi to transmit data between devices and are the most common type of router found in homes and offices.\n    \n*   **Core Routers**: Operate within the backbone of the internet, directing data packets between major networks (such as ISPs). These routers are high-performance devices capable of handling massive amounts of data traffic.\n    \n\nRouter Security\n---------------\n\nAs routers are a critical gateway between your network and the internet, it's essential to keep them secure. Some common router security practices include:\n\n*   Changing default passwords and usernames: Manufacturers often set simple default passwords, which can be easily guessed or discovered by attackers. It's important to set a strong, unique password for your router.\n    \n*   Regular firmware updates: Router manufacturers release updates to address security vulnerabilities and improve performance. Keep your router's software up to date.\n    \n*   Disable remote management: Some routers have a feature that allows remote access, which can be exploited by hackers. If you don't need this feature, disable it.\n    \n*   Create a guest network: If your router supports it, create a separate network for guests to use. This isolates them from your primary network, ensuring that they cannot access your devices or data.\n    \n\nBy understanding routers and their role in cybersecurity, you can take the necessary steps to secure your network and protect your data.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "r9byGV8XuBPzoqj5ZPf2W": {
+    "title": "Switch",
+    "description": "A **switch** is a networking device that connects devices together on a computer network. It filters and forwards data packets between different devices by using their MAC (Media Access Control) addresses to identify them. Switches play an essential role in managing traffic and ensuring that data reaches its intended destination efficiently.\n\nKey Features and Functions\n--------------------------\n\n*   **Intelligent Traffic Management:** Switches monitor the data packets as they travel through the network, only forwarding them to the devices that need to receive the data. This optimizes network performance and reduces congestion.\n*   **Layer 2 Switching:** Switches operate at the data link layer (Layer 2) of the OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) model. They use MAC addresses to identify devices and determine the appropriate path for data packets.\n*   **Broadcast Domains:** A switch creates separate collision domains, breaking up a single broadcast domain into multiple smaller ones, which helps minimize the impact of broadcast traffic on network performance.\n*   **MAC Address Table:** Switches maintain a MAC address table, storing the mapping of MAC addresses to the appropriate physical interfaces, helping the switch identify the destination of the data packets efficiently.\n\nTypes of Switches\n-----------------\n\nSwitches can be categorized into two main types:\n\n*   **Unmanaged Switch:** These switches are simple plug-and-play devices that require no configuration. They are best suited for small networks or places where advanced features and customized settings are not necessary.\n*   **Managed Switch:** These switches offer a higher level of control and customization, allowing network administrators to monitor, manage, and secure network traffic. Managed switches are typically used in enterprise-level networks or environments that require advanced security features and traffic optimization.\n\nBy understanding the role and functionality of switches within computer networks, you can better navigate the complexities of cyber security and make informed decisions for optimizing network performance and security.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "gTozEpxJeG1NTkVBHH-05": {
+    "title": "VPN",
+    "description": "A **Virtual Private Network** (VPN) is a technology that provides secure and encrypted connections between devices over a public network, such as the internet. VPNs are primarily used to protect your internet activity and privacy from being accessed or monitored by external parties, such as hackers or government agencies.\n\nThe main components of a VPN are:\n\n*   **VPN client**: The software installed on your device that connects to the VPN server.\n*   **VPN server**: A remote server that handles and encrypts your internet traffic before sending it to its intended destination.\n*   **Encryption**: The process of converting your data into unreadable code to protect it from unauthorized access.\n\nWhen you connect to a VPN, your device's IP address is replaced with the VPN server's IP address, making it seem as if your internet activity is coming from the server's location. This allows you to access content and websites that may be blocked or restricted in your region, and also helps to protect your identity and location online.\n\nUsing a reliable VPN service is an essential part of maintaining good cyber security, especially when using public Wi-Fi networks or accessing sensitive information online.\n\nKeep in mind, however, that not all VPNs are created equal. Make sure to do your research and choose a reputable VPN provider with a strong focus on privacy and security. Some popular and trusted VPN services include ExpressVPN, NordVPN, and CyberGhost.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "LrwTMH_1fTd8iB9wJg-0t": {
+    "title": "MAN",
+    "description": "A Metropolitan Area Network **(MAN)** is a type of computer network that spans across a metropolitan area or a large geographical area, typically covering a city or a region. It is designed to interconnect various local area networks **(LANs)** and wide area networks **(WANs)** to enable communication and data exchange between different locations within the metropolitan area.\n\nExamples of MAN\n---------------\n\nSome examples of Metropolitan Area Networks **(MANs)** include:\n\n1.  **Cable TV Networks:** Many cable TV networks also offer internet services to their subscribers, creating a MAN that covers a specific metropolitan area.\n2.  **Educational Institutions:** Universities, colleges, and research institutions often have their own MANs to interconnect their campuses and facilities spread across a metropolitan area.\n3.  **City-Wide Wi-Fi Networks:** Some cities have established their own Wi-Fi networks to provide internet access to residents and businesses, creating a MAN that covers the entire city.\n4.  **Public Transportation Networks:** Some metropolitan areas have implemented MANs to provide internet connectivity on public transportation networks such as buses and trains.\n\nAdvantages of MAN\n-----------------\n\n*   **Improved Connectivity:** MANs provide a high-speed and reliable means of communication between different locations within a metropolitan area, facilitating efficient data exchange and collaboration among organizations, businesses, and individuals.\n    \n*   **Cost-Effective:** Compared to establishing multiple separate networks for each location, implementing a MAN can be more cost-effective as it allows for shared infrastructure and resources, reducing overall costs of networking equipment and maintenance.\n    \n*   **Scalability:** MANs are highly scalable and can be expanded to accommodate new locations or increased network traffic as the metropolitan area grows, making it a flexible solution for evolving connectivity needs.\n    \n*   **Centralized Management:** A MAN allows for centralized management of the network, making it easier to monitor and control network operations, troubleshoot issues, and implement security measures.\n    \n\nDisadvantages of MAN\n--------------------\n\n*   **Complexity:** MANs can be complex to design, implement, and maintain due to their large scale and geographical spread. They require skilled network administrators and engineers to manage and troubleshoot the network effectively.\n    \n*   **Cost of Implementation:** Establishing a MAN requires significant upfront investment in networking infrastructure and equipment, which can be a barrier to entry for smaller organizations or municipalities.\n    \n*   **Limited Coverage:** MANs are typically limited to metropolitan areas, and their coverage may not extend to remote or rural areas outside the metropolitan region, which can pose connectivity challenges for organizations located in those areas.\n    \n*   **Vulnerability to Single Point of Failure:** Since MANs are centralized networks, they are susceptible to a single point of failure, such as a failure in the main network node, which can disrupt the entire network and impact communication and data exchange among connected locations.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "xWxusBtMEWnd-6n7oqjHz": {
+    "title": "LAN",
+    "description": "A **Local Area Network (LAN)** is a vital component of cyber security that you must understand. This chapter covers a brief introduction to LAN, its basic functionalities and importance in maintaining a secure network environment.\n\nWhat is LAN?\n------------\n\nLAN stands for Local Area Network, which is a group of computers and other devices interconnected within a limited geographical area, like an office, school campus or even a home. These networks facilitate sharing of resources, data and applications among connected devices. They can be wired (Ethernet) or wireless (Wi-Fi).\n\nKey Components of LAN\n---------------------\n\nLAN comprises several key components, including:\n\n*   **Workstations**: End user devices like computers, laptops or smartphones connected to the network.\n*   **Servers**: Computers that provide resources and services to the workstations.\n*   **Switches**: Networking devices that connect workstations and servers, and distribute network traffic efficiently.\n*   **Routers**: Devices that connect the LAN to the internet or other networks (e.g., Wide Area Networks or WANs).\n\nImportance of LAN\n-----------------\n\nLANs play a fundamental role in modern organizations, providing:\n\n*   **Resource Sharing**: They allow sharing of resources such as printers, scanners, storage drives and software applications across multiple users.\n*   **Communication**: They enable faster communication between connected devices and allow users to collaborate effectively using email, chat or VoIP services.\n*   **Data Centralization**: They allow data storage and retrieval from central servers rather than individual devices, which simplifies data management and backups.\n*   **Scalability**: LANs can be easily expanded to accommodate more users and resources to support business growth.\n\nLAN Security\n------------\n\nUnderstanding LAN is crucial for maintaining a secure network environment. Since a LAN connects multiple devices, it forms the central point of various security vulnerabilities. Implementing effective security measures is vital to prevent unauthorized access, data leaks, and malware infections. Some best practices for securing your LAN include:\n\n*   **Firewalls**: Deploy hardware-based and software-based firewalls to protect your network from external and internal threats.\n*   **Antivirus Software**: Use antivirus applications on workstations and servers to prevent malware infections.\n*   **Wireless Security**: Implement robust Wi-Fi security measures like WPA2 encryption and strong passwords to prevent unauthorized access.\n*   **Access Controls**: Implement network access controls to grant authorized users access to specific resources and data.\n*   **Network Segmentation**: Divide the network into separate zones based on required access levels and functions to contain potential threats.\n*   **Regular Updates**: Keep your workstations, servers and network devices up-to-date with security patches and updates to fix vulnerabilities.\n*   **Network Monitoring**: Use network monitoring tools to keep track of network traffic and identify potential threats or anomalies.\n\nBy understanding the components and importance of LAN, you can effectively contribute to improving your organization's cyber security posture. In the next chapter, we will discuss additional cyber security topics that you need to be familiar with.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "vCkTJMkDXcQmwsmeNUAX5": {
+    "title": "WAN",
+    "description": "A **Wide Area Network (WAN)** is a telecommunication network that extends over a large geographical area, such as interconnecting multiple local area networks (LANs). WANs commonly use leased lines, circuit switching, or packet switching to transmit data between LANs, allowing them to share resources and communicate with one another. A WAN can be privately owned and managed, or leased from telecommunication service providers.\n\nCharacteristics of WANs\n-----------------------\n\n*   **Large geographic coverage**: WANs can span across cities, states, and even countries, making them suitable for businesses with multiple locations requiring connectivity.\n    \n*   **Communication technologies**: WANs rely on multiple technologies for communication, such as fiber optic cables, leased line connections, satellite links, and even cellular networks.\n    \n*   **Data transmission rates**: WANs generally offer lower data transfer rates as compared to LANs, primarily due to the longer distances and increased complexity.\n    \n*   **Higher latency**: WANs can suffer from higher latency (delay in data transmission) due to the physical distance involved and routing of traffic through various devices and service providers.\n    \n*   **Security concerns**: Given the broad scope and involvement of third-party service providers, securing WAN connections is crucial to protect sensitive data transmission and maintain privacy.\n    \n\nCommon WAN Technologies\n-----------------------\n\nHere are a few widely-used WAN technologies:\n\n*   **Leased Line**: A dedicated, point-to-point communication link provided by telecommunication service providers. It offers a fixed bandwidth and guaranteed quality of service (QoS), making it suitable for businesses requiring high-speed and consistent connectivity.\n    \n*   **Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS)**: A protocol for high-speed data transfer between network nodes. MPLS enables traffic engineering, Quality of Service (QoS), and efficient use of bandwidth by labeling data packets and directing them over a predetermined path.\n    \n*   **Virtual Private Network (VPN)**: A VPN works by creating an encrypted tunnel over the internet between the two communicating sites, effectively creating a private and secure connection over a public network.\n    \n*   **Software-Defined WAN (SD-WAN)**: A technology that simplifies the management and operation of WANs by decoupling the networking hardware from its control mechanism. It allows businesses to use a combination of transport resources, optimize network traffic, and improve application performance.\n    \n\nConclusion\n----------\n\nUnderstanding the concept of WAN is essential in the context of cyber security, as it forms the backbone of connectivity between remote LANs. Ensuring security measures are taken to protect data transmission over WANs is crucial to maintaining the overall protection of businesses and their sensitive information.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "QCVYF1rmPsMVtklBNDNaB": {
+    "title": "WLAN",
+    "description": "A **Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN)** is a type of local area network that uses wireless communication to connect devices, such as computers and smartphones, within a specific area. Unlike a wired network, which requires physical cables to establish connections, WLANs facilitate connections through radio frequency (RF) signals, providing a more flexible networking option.\n\nKey Components of WLAN\n----------------------\n\nThere are two main components in a WLAN:\n\n*   **Wireless Access Point (WAP)**: A WAP is a networking device that enables wireless devices to connect to the network. It acts as a bridge between the devices and the wired network, converting RF signals into data that can travel through a wired connection.\n*   **Wireless Client**: Wireless clients are devices like laptops, smartphones, and tablets that are fitted with WLAN adapters. These adapters enable devices to send and receive wireless signals to connect with the WAP.\n\nKey WLAN Standards\n------------------\n\nThere are several WLAN standards, defined by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 series. Some of the most common standards include:\n\n*   **802.11a**: Supports throughput up to 54 Mbps in the 5 GHz frequency band.\n*   **802.11b**: Supports throughput up to 11 Mbps in the 2.4 GHz frequency band.\n*   **802.11g**: Supports throughput up to 54 Mbps in the 2.4 GHz frequency band and is backward compatible with 802.11b.\n*   **802.11n**: Supports throughput up to 600 Mbps and operates in both 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz frequency bands.\n*   **802.11ac**: Supports throughput up to several Gigabits per second and operates in the 5 GHz frequency band. This is currently the most widely adopted standard.\n\nWLAN Security\n-------------\n\nAs WLANs use wireless signals to transmit data, they can be susceptible to various security threats. Some essential security measures include:\n\n*   **Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP)**: An early security protocol that uses encryption to protect wireless communications. Due to several security flaws, it has been replaced by more secure protocols.\n    \n*   **Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA)**: WPA is an enhanced security protocol that addressed the vulnerabilities of WEP. It uses Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP) for encryption and provides better authentication and encryption methods.\n    \n*   **Wi-Fi Protected Access II (WPA2)**: WPA2 is an advanced security protocol that uses Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) encryption and replaces TKIP from WPA. This protocol provides a high level of security and is currently the recommended standard for securing WLANs.\n    \n*   **Wi-Fi Protected Access 3 (WPA3)**: WPA3 is the latest security standard with enhanced encryption and authentication features. It addresses the vulnerabilities in WPA2 and provides even stronger security for WLANs.\n    \n\nTo maintain a secure WLAN, it's essential to use the appropriate security standard, change default settings, and regularly update firmware to address any security vulnerabilities.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "R5HEeh6jwpQDo27rz1KSH": {
+    "title": "DHCP",
+    "description": "**Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)** is a network protocol that enables automatic assignment of IP addresses to devices on a network. It is an essential component of IP networking and aims to simplify the process of configuring devices to communicate over an IP-based network.\n\nKey Features of DHCP\n--------------------\n\n*   **Automatic IP Address Assignment**: DHCP eliminates the need for manual IP address assignment by automatically providing devices with the necessary IP addresses, reducing the risk of duplicate addressing.\n*   **Network Configuration**: In addition to IP addresses, DHCP can also provide other essential network information such as subnet mask, default gateway, and DNS server information.\n*   **IP Address Reuse**: When a device leaves the network or no longer needs an IP address, DHCP allows the address to be reused and assigned to a different device.\n*   **Lease Duration**: DHCP assigns IP addresses for a specific period called a \"lease.\" After a lease expires, the device must request a new IP address or get its current address renewed.\n\nHow DHCP Works\n--------------\n\nThe DHCP process consists of four main steps:\n\n*   **DHCP Discover**: A device (client) looking to join a network sends a broadcast message known as a \"DHCP Discover\" message to locate a DHCP server.\n*   **DHCP Offer**: Upon receiving the \"DHCP Discover\" broadcast, the DHCP server responds with a unicast \"DHCP Offer\" message containing the necessary network configuration information (e.g., IP address) for the client.\n*   **DHCP Request**: The client receives the offer and sends back a \"DHCP Request\" message to confirm the IP address assignment and other network information.\n*   **DHCP Acknowledgment (ACK)**: Finally, the DHCP server sends an \"ACK\" message confirming the successful assignment of IP address and network settings. The client can now use the allocated IP address to communicate over the network.\n\nImportance in Cyber Security\n----------------------------\n\nUnderstanding DHCP is crucial for network professionals and cyber security experts as it can be a potential attack vector. Adversaries can exploit DHCP by setting up rogue DHCP servers on the network, conducting man-in-the-middle attacks or even conducting denial-of-service attacks. Consequently, securing DHCP servers, monitoring network traffic for anomalies, and employing strong authentication and authorization methods are essential practices for maintaining network security.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "r1IKvhpwg2umazLGlQZL1": {
+    "title": "DNS",
+    "description": "**DNS** is a key component in the internet infrastructure that translates human-friendly domain names (e.g., `www.example.com`) into IP addresses (e.g., `192.0.2.44`). This translation process enables us to easily connect to websites and other online resources without having to remember complex numeric IP addresses.\n\nThe DNS operates as a distributed and hierarchical system which involves the following components:\n\n*   **DNS Resolver**: Your device's initial contact point with the DNS infrastructure, often provided by your Internet Service Provider (ISP) or a third-party service like Google Public DNS.\n    \n*   **Root Servers**: The authoritative servers on the top of the DNS hierarchy that guide DNS queries to the appropriate Top-Level Domain (TLD) servers.\n    \n*   **TLD Servers**: These servers manage the allocation of domain names for top-level domains, such as `.com`, `.org`, etc.\n    \n*   **Authoritative Name Servers**: These are the servers responsible for storing the DNS records pertaining to a specific domain (e.g., `example.com`).\n    \n\nSome common DNS record types you might encounter include:\n\n*   **A (Address) Record**: Maps a domain name to an IPv4 address.\n*   **AAAA (Address) Record**: Maps a domain name to an IPv6 address.\n*   **CNAME (Canonical Name) Record**: Maps an alias domain name to a canonical domain name.\n*   **MX (Mail Exchange) Record**: Specifies the mail servers responsible for handling email for the domain.\n*   **TXT (Text) Record**: Contains human-readable or machine-readable text, often used for verification purposes or providing additional information about a domain.\n\nAs an essential part of the internet, the security and integrity of the DNS infrastructure are crucial. However, it's vulnerable to various types of cyber attacks, such as DNS cache poisoning, Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks, and DNS hijacking. Proper DNS security measures, such as DNSSEC (DNS Security Extensions) and monitoring unusual DNS traffic patterns, can help mitigate risks associated with these attacks.",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "DNS in detail (TryHackMe)",
+        "url": "https://tryhackme.com/room/dnsindetail",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about DNS",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/dns?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "DNS Explained in 100 Seconds (YouTube)",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UVR9lhUGAyU",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "tf0TymdPHbplDHvuVIIh4": {
+    "title": "NTP",
+    "description": "**NTP** (Network Time Protocol) is a crucial aspect of cybersecurity, as it helps in synchronizing the clocks of computer systems and other devices within a network. Proper time synchronization is vital for various functions, including authentication, logging, and ensuring the accuracy of digital signatures. In this section, we will discuss the importance, primary functions, and potential security risks associated with NTP.\n\nImportance of NTP in Cybersecurity\n----------------------------------\n\n*   **Authentication**: Many security protocols, such as Kerberos, rely on accurate timekeeping for secure authentication. Time discrepancies may lead to authentication failures, causing disruptions in network services and affecting the overall security of the system.\n*   **Logging and Auditing**: Accurate timestamps on log files are essential for identifying and investigating security incidents. Inconsistent timing can make it challenging to track malicious activities and correlate events across systems.\n*   **Digital Signatures**: Digital signatures often include a timestamp to indicate when a document was signed. Accurate time synchronization is necessary to prevent tampering or repudiation of digital signatures.\n\nPrimary Functions of NTP\n------------------------\n\n*   **Clock Synchronization**: NTP helps in coordinating the clocks of all devices within a network by synchronizing them with a designated reference time source, usually a central NTP server.\n*   **Time Stratum Hierarchy**: NTP uses a hierarchical system of time servers called \"stratum\" to maintain time accuracy. Servers at a higher stratum provide time to lower stratum servers, which in turn synchronize the clocks of client devices.\n*   **Polling**: NTP clients continually poll their configured NTP servers at regular intervals to maintain accurate time synchronization. This process allows for the clients to adjust their clocks based on the information received from the server.\n\nSecurity Risks and Best Practices with NTP\n------------------------------------------\n\nWhile NTP is essential for maintaining accurate time synchronization across a network, it is not without security risks:\n\n*   **NTP Reflection/Amplification Attacks**: These are a type of DDoS (Distributed Denial of Service) attack that leverages misconfigured NTP servers to amplify malicious traffic targeted at a victim's system. To mitigate this risk, ensure your NTP server is securely configured to prevent abuse by attackers.\n*   **Time Spoofing**: An attacker can manipulate NTP traffic to alter the time on client devices, potentially causing authentication failures or allowing unauthorized access. Use authentication keys with NTP to ensure the integrity of time updates by verifying the server's identity.\n*   **Untrusted Servers**: Obtain time from a reliable time source to prevent tampering. Always configure clients to use trusted NTP servers, like [pool.ntp.org](http://pool.ntp.org), which provides access to a global group of well-maintained NTP servers.\n\nBy understanding and implementing these crucial aspects of NTP, you can improve the overall security posture of your network by ensuring accurate time synchronization across all systems.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "hN8p5YBcSaPm-byQUIz8L": {
+    "title": "IPAM",
+    "description": "IP Address Management (IPAM) is a critical aspect of cyber security, as it helps organizations efficiently manage and track their IP addresses, DNS, and DHCP services. In any network, devices like servers, routers, and switches are assigned unique IP addresses, which enables them to communicate with each other. Efficient and secure management of these IP addresses is vital for maintaining network security and prevent unauthorized access.\n\nFunctions of IPAM\n-----------------\n\n*   **IPv4 and IPv6 address management:** IPAM enables organizations to manage and keep track of their IPv4 and IPv6 addresses. It allows for the allocation, assignment, and control of IP addresses in networks, preventing conflicts and errors.\n    \n*   **DNS integration:** A well-organized IPAM system can integrate with DNS services to provide consistent and accurate information about the network. This helps organizations in keeping their DNS records up-to-date and secure.\n    \n*   **DHCP integration:** IPAM works hand-in-hand with DHCP services to manage and monitor IP address leases within the network. This ensures that devices are assigned dynamic IP addresses and automatically updated when a lease expires.\n    \n*   **Network discovery and auditing:** IPAM enables network discovery, scanning, and auditing to ensure that all connected devices are accounted for and comply with security policies. Regular network discovery can also identify rogue devices or unauthorized access.\n    \n*   **Policy compliance:** IPAM can help enforce policies related to IP address assignment and usage within an organization. This may include restrictions on the use of certain types of addresses or preventing specific devices from obtaining an IP address.\n    \n*   **Inventory management and allocation:** IPAM allows organizations to maintain an inventory of available IP addresses, subnets, and address pools. This streamlines IP allocation processes and ensures that addresses are optimally utilized.\n    \n*   **Reporting and analytics:** An IPAM system can provide detailed reports on IP address usage, allocation history, and other statistics. This information can help organizations identify trends, optimize their networks, and improve overall security.\n    \n\nIn conclusion, IPAM plays a vital role in cyber security by enabling organizations to manage and monitor their IP address spaces efficiently. Implementing a comprehensive IPAM solution can help organizations maintain secure and effective network communication, comply with policies, and prevent unauthorized access.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "P0ZhAXd_H-mTOMr13Ag31": {
+    "title": "Star",
+    "description": "In a star network topology, all devices (nodes) are connected to a central device, called a hub or switch. The central device manages the data transmission between the devices connected to it, creating a star-like structure.\n\nAdvantages\n----------\n\n*   **Easy to Install and Configure**: Adding new devices or removing existing ones is quite simple, as they only have to connect or disconnect from the central hub or switch.\n*   **Fault-Tolerance**: If a device fails or a connection is broken, the rest of the devices can continue to communicate with each other without any major impact.\n*   **Centralized Management**: The central hub or switch can easily manage and monitor the network devices, which makes troubleshooting and maintenance more efficient.\n*   **Scalability**: It is easy to expand a star network by connecting additional devices to the central hub or switch, allowing for network growth without affecting performance.\n\nDisadvantages\n-------------\n\n*   **Dependency on Central Hub or Switch**: If the central device fails, the entire network becomes inoperable. It is essential to ensure the reliability of the central device in a star network.\n*   **Cost**: Since a central hub or switch is required, star topologies can be more expensive compared to other network topologies, especially when dealing with larger networks. Additionally, cabling costs can be higher due to individual connections to the central device.\n*   **Limited Range**: The distance between devices is determined by the length of the cables connecting to the central hub or switch. Longer cable runs can increase latency and decrease network performance.\n\nApplications\n------------\n\nStar topology is commonly used in home and office networks, as well as in local area networks (LANs). It is a suitable choice when centralized control and easier network management are necessary, or when scalability and easy addition of new devices are priority.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "9vEUVJ8NTh0wKyIE6-diY": {
+    "title": "Ring",
+    "description": "Ring topology is a type of network configuration where each device is connected to two other devices, forming a circular layout or ring. In this topology, data packets travel from one device to another in a unidirectional manner until they reach the intended recipient or return to the sender, indicating that the recipient was not found in the network.\n\nAdvantages of Ring Topology\n---------------------------\n\n*   **Easy to Install and Configure:** Ring topology is relatively simpler to set up and maintain as it involves connecting each device to the two adjacent devices only.\n*   **Predictable Data Transfer Time:** As data packets move in a circular pattern, it becomes easier to predict the maximum time required for a packet to reach its destination.\n*   **Minimal Network Congestion:** The unidirectional flow of packets can significantly reduce the chances of network congestion, as the collision of data packets is less likely.\n\nDisadvantages of Ring Topology\n------------------------------\n\n*   **Dependency on All Devices:** The malfunctioning of a single device or cable can interrupt the entire network, making it difficult to isolate the cause of the issue.\n*   **Limited Scalability:** Adding or removing devices in a ring topology can temporarily disrupt the network as the circular pattern needs to be re-established.\n*   **Slower Data Transfer:** Since data packets must pass through multiple devices before reaching the destination, the overall speed of data transfer can be slower compared to other topologies.\n\nDespite its drawbacks, ring topology can be a suitable option for small networks with a predictable data transfer pattern that require minimal maintenance and setup effort. However, for larger and more complex networks, other topologies like star, mesh, or hybrid configurations may provide better flexibility, reliability, and performance.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "PYeF15e7iVB9seFrrO7W6": {
+    "title": "Mesh",
+    "description": "Mesh topology is a network configuration that involves direct connections between each node or device within the network. In other words, each node is connected to every other node in the network, resulting in a highly interconnected structure. This topology is commonly used in wireless communication systems, where devices communicate with one another directly without the need for a centralized hub or switch.\n\nAdvantages of Mesh Topology\n---------------------------\n\n*   **Increased reliability**: Mesh topology is highly reliable, as the failure of one node or connection does not affect the performance of the entire network. If a connection fails, data can still travel through alternative routes within the network, ensuring uninterrupted communication.\n*   **Fault tolerance**: Mesh networks have a high level of fault tolerance, as they can easily recover from hardware failures or network errors. This is especially useful for critical systems that require high availability and resilience.\n*   **Scalability**: Mesh networks are highly scalable, as there are no limitations on the number of devices that can be added to the network. This is particularly useful for large organizations or rapidly changing environments that require the ability to easily grow and adapt.\n*   **Improved data transmission**: The direct connections between nodes in a mesh network provide multiple pathways for data transmission, resulting in faster, more efficient communication with fewer bottlenecks or congestion points.\n\nDisadvantages of Mesh Topology\n------------------------------\n\n*   **Complexity**: Mesh topology can be quite complex, particularly as the number of devices increases. This can lead to challenges in configuring, managing, and troubleshooting the network.\n*   **High costs**: Implementing a mesh topology can be expensive due to the large number of connections and high-quality hardware required to maintain a reliable, efficient network.\n*   **Increased latency**: As data travels through multiple nodes before reaching its destination, this can sometimes result in increased latency compared to other network topologies.\n*   **Power consumption**: Wireless mesh networks, in particular, can consume more power than other topologies due to the need for each node to maintain multiple connections, potentially reducing the battery life of devices.\n\nIn summary, mesh topology offers a robust, fault-tolerant, and scalable network configuration ideal for systems that demand high reliability and flexible growth. However, its complexity, costs, and potential latency and power consumption issues need to be carefully considered when deciding whether it is the most suitable network topology for a specific scenario.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "0DWh4WmLK_ENDuqQmQcu4": {
+    "title": "Bus",
+    "description": "A **bus topology** is a type of network configuration where all the devices or nodes in the network are connected to a single, central cable known as the bus, backbone or trunk. This common shared path serves as the medium for data transmission and communication amongst the nodes.\n\nHow Bus Topology Works\n----------------------\n\nIn a bus topology, every node has a unique address that identifies it on the network. When a node wants to communicate with another node in the network, it broadcasts a message containing the destination node's address as well as its own address. All the nodes connected to the bus receive the message, but only the intended recipient with the matching address responds.\n\nAdvantages of Bus Topology\n--------------------------\n\n*   **Easy to set up**: Bus topology is relatively simple in terms of installation, as it requires less cable and minimal hardware.\n*   **Cost-effective**: Due to its simplicity and reduced cabling requirements, it's typically more affordable to implement than other topologies.\n*   **Expandable**: New nodes can be easily added to the network by connecting them to the bus.\n\nDisadvantages of Bus Topology\n-----------------------------\n\n*   **Limited Scalability**: As the number of nodes increases, network performance may decrease due to increased collisions and data transmission time.\n*   **Single point of failure**: If the central cable (bus) fails or gets damaged, the entire network will be affected and may result in a complete breakdown.\n*   **Maintenance difficulty**: Troubleshooting and identifying issues within the network can be challenging due to the shared path for data transmission.\n\nBus topology can be an effective solution for small networks with minimal devices. However, as network size and complexity increase, other topologies such as star, ring, or mesh may be more suitable for maintaining efficiency and reliability.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "8Mog890Lj-gVBpWa05EzT": {
+    "title": "SSH",
+    "description": "SSH, or Secure Shell, is a cryptographic network protocol that provides a secure and encrypted method for managing network devices and accessing remote servers. SSH is widely used by administrators and developers to enable secure remote access, file transfers, and remote command execution over unsecured networks, such as the internet.\n\nKey Features\n------------\n\n*   **Encryption**: SSH uses a variety of encryption algorithms to ensure the confidentiality and integrity of data transmitted between the client and server.\n    \n*   **Authentication**: SSH supports multiple authentication methods, including password-based, public key, and host-based authentication, providing flexibility in securely verifying the identities of communicating parties.\n    \n*   **Port Forwarding**: SSH allows forwarding of network ports, enabling users to tunnel other protocols securely, such as HTTP or FTP, through an encrypted connection.\n    \n*   **Secure File Transfer**: SSH provides two file transfer protocols, SCP (Secure Copy Protocol) and SFTP (SSH File Transfer Protocol), to securely transfer files between a local client and remote server.\n    \n\nCommon Use Cases\n----------------\n\n*   **Remote System Administration**: Administrators can securely access and manage remote systems, such as servers and network devices, using SSH to execute commands and configure settings.\n    \n*   **Secure File Transfers**: Developers and administrators can transfer files securely between systems using SCP or SFTP, protecting sensitive data from eavesdropping.\n    \n*   **Remote Application Access**: Users can securely access remote applications by creating an SSH tunnel, allowing them to connect to services that would otherwise be inaccessible due to firewalls or other network restrictions.\n    \n\nTips for Secure SSH Usage\n-------------------------\n\n*   **Disable root login**: To reduce the risk of unauthorized access, it is recommended to disable direct root login and use a standard user account with sudo privileges for administration tasks.\n    \n*   **Use Key-Based Authentication**: To further enhance security, disallow password-based authentication and use public key authentication instead, making it more difficult for attackers to gain access through brute-force attacks.\n    \n*   **Limit SSH Access**: Restrict SSH access to specific IP addresses or networks, minimizing the potential attack surface.\n    \n*   **Keep SSH Software Updated**: Regularly update your SSH client and server software to ensure you have the latest security patches and features.\n    \n\nIn summary, SSH is a vital protocol for ensuring secure communication, remote access, and file transfers. By understanding its key features, use cases, and best practices, users can leverage the security benefits of SSH to protect their sensitive data and systems.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "Ia6M1FKPNpqLDiWx7CwDh": {
+    "title": "RDP",
+    "description": "**Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP)**, developed by Microsoft, is a proprietary protocol that enables users to connect to a remote computer over a network, and access and control its resources, as if they were using the computer locally. This is useful for users who need to work remotely, manage servers or troubleshoot issues on another computer.\n\nHow RDP Works\n-------------\n\nRDP uses a client-server architecture, where the remote computer being accessed acts as the server and the user's computer acts as the client. The client establishes a connection with the server to access its resources, such as display, keyboard, mouse, and other peripherals.\n\nThe protocol primarily operates on standard Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) port 3389 (although it can be customized) and uses the User Datagram Protocol (UDP) to provide a more robust and fault-tolerant communication channel.\n\nFeatures of RDP\n---------------\n\n*   **Multi-platform support:** Although developed by Microsoft, RDP clients are available for various platforms, including Windows, macOS, Linux, and even mobile devices like Android and iOS.\n*   **Secure connection:** RDP can provide encryption and authentication to secure the connection between client and server, ensuring that data transmitted over the network remains confidential and protected from unauthorized access.\n*   **Dynamic resolution adjustment:** RDP can adapt the remote computer's screen resolution to fit the client's screen, providing a better user experience.\n*   **Clipboard sharing:** RDP allows users to copy and paste content between the local and remote computers.\n*   **Printer and file sharing:** Users can access and print files from their local computer to the remote one, and vice versa.\n\nSecurity Considerations\n-----------------------\n\nThough RDP is popular and useful, it does come with its share of security concerns. Some common risks include:\n\n*   Unauthorized access: If an attacker successfully gains access to an RDP session, they may be able to compromise and control the remote computer.\n*   Brute force attacks: Attackers may use brute force techniques to guess login credentials, especially if the server has a weak password policy.\n*   Vulnerabilities: As a proprietary protocol, RDP can be susceptible to vulnerabilities that could lead to system breaches.\n\nTo mitigate these risks, you should:\n\n*   Use strong, unique passwords for RDP accounts and consider implementing two-factor authentication.\n*   Limit RDP access to specific IP addresses or Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) to reduce exposure.\n*   Apply security patches regularly to keep RDP up-to-date and minimize the risk of exploits.\n*   Employ network-level authentication (NLA) to offer an additional layer of security.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "ftYYMxRpVer-jgSswHLNa": {
+    "title": "FTP",
+    "description": "**File Transfer Protocol (FTP)** is a standard network protocol used to transfer files from one host to another host over a TCP-based network, such as the Internet. Originally developed in the 1970s, it's one of the earliest protocols for transferring files between computers and remains widely used today.\n\nHow FTP Works\n-------------\n\nFTP operates on a client-server model, where one computer acts as the client (the sender or requester) and the other acts as the server (the receiver or provider). The client initiates a connection to the server, usually by providing a username and password for authentication, and then requests a file transfer.\n\nFTP uses two separate channels to carry out its operations:\n\n*   **Control Channel:** This channel is used to establish the connection between the client and the server and send commands, such as specifying the file to be transferred, the transfer mode, and the directory structure.\n*   **Data Channel:** This channel is used to transfer the actual file data between the client and the server.\n\nFTP Modes\n---------\n\nFTP offers two modes of file transfer:\n\n*   **ASCII mode:** This mode is used for transferring text files. It converts the line endings of the files being transferred to match the format used on the destination system. For example, if the file is being transferred from a Unix system to a Windows system, the line endings will be converted from LF (Unix) to CR+LF (Windows).\n*   **Binary mode:** This mode is used for transferring binary files, such as images, audio files, and executables. No conversion of the data is performed during the transfer process.\n\nFTP Security Concerns\n---------------------\n\nFTP has some significant security issues, primarily because it was designed before the widespread use of encryption and authentication mechanisms. Some of these concerns include:\n\n*   Usernames and passwords are transmitted in plain text, allowing anyone who can intercept the data to view them.\n*   Data transferred between the client and server is not encrypted by default, making it vulnerable to eavesdropping.\n*   FTP does not provide a way to validate a server's identity, leaving it vulnerable to man-in-the-middle attacks.\n\nTo mitigate these security risks, several secure alternatives to the FTP protocol have been developed, such as FTPS (FTP Secure) and SFTP (SSH File Transfer Protocol), which encrypt data transfers and provide additional security features.\n\nIn conclusion, FTP is a commonly used protocol for transferring files between computers over a network. While it is easy to use, it has significant security vulnerabilities that make it a less desirable option for secure file transfers. It's essential to use more secure alternatives like FTPS or SFTP for transferring sensitive data.",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What Is FTP: FTP Explained for Beginners",
+        "url": "https://www.hostinger.com/tutorials/what-is-ftp",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "YEy6o-clTBKZp1yOkLwNb": {
+    "title": "SFTP",
+    "description": "**SFTP** (Secure File Transfer Protocol) is a network protocol designed to securely transfer files over an encrypted connection, usually via SSH (Secure Shell). SFTP provides file access, file transfer, and file management functionalities, making it a popular choice for secure file transfers between a client and a server.\n\nKey features of SFTP\n--------------------\n\n*   **Security**: SFTP automatically encrypts data before it is sent, ensuring that your files and sensitive data are protected from unauthorized access while in transit.\n    \n*   **Authentication**: SFTP relies on SSH for user authentication, allowing you to use password-based, public key, or host-based authentication methods.\n    \n*   **File Integrity**: SFTP uses checksums to verify that transferred files have maintained their integrity during transport, allowing you to confirm that files received are identical to those sent.\n    \n*   **Resume Capability**: SFTP offers support for resuming interrupted file transfers, making it an ideal choice for transferring large files or transferring files over potentially unreliable connections.\n    \n\nHow SFTP works\n--------------\n\nSFTP operates over an established SSH connection between the client and server. Upon successful SSH authentication, the client can issue commands to the server, such as to list, upload, or download files. The data transferred between the client and server is encrypted, ensuring that sensitive information is not exposed during the transfer process.\n\nWhen to use SFTP\n----------------\n\nSFTP is an ideal choice whenever you need to securely transfer files between a client and a server. Examples of when you might want to use SFTP instead of other protocols include:\n\n*   Transferring sensitive data such as customer information, financial records, or intellectual property.\n*   Uploading or downloading files to/from a remote server in a secure manner, especially when dealing with confidential data.\n*   Managing files on a remote server, which may involve creating, renaming, or deleting files and directories.\n\nOverall, SFTP provides a secure and reliable way of transferring files over the internet, making it an essential tool for maintaining the integrity and confidentiality of your data in today's cyber security landscape.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "3Awm221OJHxXNLiL9yxfd": {
+    "title": "HTTP / HTTPS",
+    "description": "HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) and HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure) are two important protocols that are crucial for transferring data over the internet. They form the primary means of communication between web servers and clients (browsers).\n\nHTTP\n----\n\nHTTP is an application-layer protocol that allows clients and servers to exchange information, such as web pages, images, and other content. When you visit a website, your browser sends an HTTP request to the server, which then responds with the requested data. This data is then rendered by your browser.\n\nHTTP operates on a stateless, request-response model. This means that each request is independent of the others, making it a fast and efficient way of transmitting data.\n\nHowever, HTTP has one significant drawback — it's not secure. Since it's transmitted in plain text, anyone intercepting the traffic can easily read the content of the messages. This makes HTTP unsuitable for sensitive information like passwords or credit card numbers.\n\nHTTPS\n-----\n\nTo address the security concerns of HTTP, HTTPS was introduced as a secure alternative. HTTPS uses encryption to ensure that data transmitted between the client and server is confidential and cannot be deciphered by a third-party.\n\nHTTPS uses either SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) or TLS (Transport Layer Security) to encrypt data. These cryptographic protocols provide end-to-end security, ensuring data integrity and authentication. When you visit a website with HTTPS, you can be confident that your information is being securely transmitted.\n\nTo implement HTTPS, websites need to obtain an SSL/TLS certificate from a trusted Certificate Authority (CA). This certificate authenticates the website's identity and helps establish a secure connection between the client and server.\n\nIn Summary\n----------\n\nWhen browsing the internet, always look for the padlock icon in the address bar, which indicates a secure HTTPS connection. This helps protect your personal information from being intercepted by attackers. As a website owner or developer, it's crucial to prioritize implementing HTTPS, to provide a secure and trustworthy experience for your users.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "LKK1A5-xawA7yCIAWHS8P": {
+    "title": "SSL / TLS",
+    "description": "**Secure Socket Layer (SSL)** and **Transport Layer Security (TLS)** are cryptographic protocols designed to provide security and data integrity for communications over networks. These protocols are commonly used for securing web traffic and ensuring that sensitive information, such as credit card numbers and login credentials, are transmitted securely between clients (e.g., web browsers) and servers.\n\nSSL\n---\n\nSSL was developed by Netscape in the mid-1990s and has gone through several iterations. The last version, SSLv3, was released in 1996. SSL was deprecated in 2015 due to security concerns, and it is not recommended for use in modern applications.\n\nTLS\n---\n\nTLS is the successor to SSL and is continually evolving with new versions and updates. The most recent version, TLS 1.3, was released in 2018. TLS is widely used and considered the standard for securing web traffic.\n\nHow SSL/TLS Works\n-----------------\n\nSSL/TLS operates by encrypting the data transmitted between a client and a server, ensuring that the data cannot be easily intercepted or tampered with. The encryption is achieved using a combination of cryptographic algorithms, key exchanges, and digital certificates.\n\nHere are the key steps in setting up an SSL/TLS connection:\n\n*   **Handshake:** The client and server will engage in a process called a \"handshake\" to establish a secure connection. During this process, the client and server agree on which version of SSL/TLS to use, and choose the cipher suites and cryptographic algorithms they will use to secure the communication.\n    \n*   **Key Exchange:** The client and server will perform a key exchange, a process by which they generate and securely share encryption keys. These keys will be used to encrypt and decrypt the data being transmitted between them.\n    \n*   **Certificate Verification:** The server will provide a digital certificate, which contains its public key and information about the server. The client checks the validity of the certificate by confirming that it was issued by a trusted Certificate Authority (CA) and has not expired.\n    \n*   **Secure Communication:** Once the handshake, key exchange, and certificate verification are complete, the client and server can begin securely transmitting data using the encryption keys they have shared.\n    \n\nAdvantages of SSL/TLS\n---------------------\n\n*   **Secure communication:** SSL/TLS provides a secure, encrypted tunnel for data to be transmitted between clients and servers, protecting sensitive information from eavesdropping, interception, and tampering.\n    \n*   **Authentication:** SSL/TLS uses digital certificates to authenticate the server and sometimes the client. This helps to ensure that the parties involved in the communication are who they claim to be.\n    \n*   **Data integrity:** SSL/TLS includes mechanisms to confirm that the data received has not been tampered with during transmission, maintaining the integrity of the information being sent.\n    \n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "SSL, TLS, HTTPS Explained",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j9QmMEWmcfo",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "AjywuCZdBi9atGUbetlUL": {
+    "title": "VMWare",
+    "description": "_VMware_ is a global leader in virtualization and cloud infrastructure solutions. Established in 1998, they have been at the forefront of transforming the IT landscape. VMware's virtualization platform can be applied to a wide range of areas such as data centers, desktops, and applications.\n\nVMware Products and Technologies\n--------------------------------\n\nSome of the popular VMware products include the following:\n\n*   **VMware vSphere**: It is the most well-known VMware product, and it forms the foundation of the virtual infrastructure. vSphere enables you to create, manage and run multiple virtual machines on a single physical server. It essentially provides better utilization of hardware resources and enhanced server management.\n    \n*   **VMware Workstation**: This desktop virtualization product allows you to run multiple isolated operating systems on a single Windows or Linux PC. It enables you to create and manage virtual machines effortlessly and is primarily targeted at developers and IT professionals.\n    \n*   **VMware Fusion**: Similar to the Workstation but designed specifically for Mac users, Fusion allows you to run Windows and Linux applications on a Mac without requiring a reboot.\n    \n*   **VMware Horizon**: This product focuses on providing remote access to virtual desktops and applications. It helps organizations to securely deliver resources to users, improve desktop management, and reduce costs associated with maintaining traditional PCs.\n    \n*   **VMware NSX**: NSX is VMware's network virtualization and security platform. It is designed to work in tandem with VMware vSphere and other virtualization platforms, providing advanced networking and security features like micro-segmentation, distributed firewalling, and load balancing.\n    \n*   **VMware vSAN**: vSAN is a software-defined storage solution that allows you to decouple storage functions from the underlying hardware. With vSAN, you can pool together direct-attached storage devices across multiple vSphere servers and create a shared datastore that can be easily managed and scaled.\n    \n\nBenefits of VMware Virtualization\n---------------------------------\n\nVMware's virtualization technologies offer various advantages, such as:\n\n*   **Increased efficiency**: By consolidating multiple physical servers into virtual machines running on fewer physical servers, resource utilization is improved, which reduces energy and hardware costs.\n    \n*   **Flexibility**: Virtualization allows you to run multiple operating systems and applications simultaneously, which increases productivity and enables you to switch between tasks more quickly.\n    \n*   **Scalability**: VMware makes it easy to add or remove virtual machines and resources as needed, allowing you to scale your IT infrastructure efficiently.\n    \n*   **Business continuity**: Virtualization ensures high availability and disaster recovery by replicating your virtual machines and enabling automatic failover to other servers in case of any hardware failure.\n    \n*   **Simplified management**: Virtualized environments can be managed from a central location, reducing the time and effort required to maintain and monitor IT resources.\n    \n\nIn conclusion, VMware is an industry-leading company providing various virtualization products and services that cater to different types of users and environments. As a user, you should evaluate your requirements and choose the right VMware product for your needs to fully reap the benefits of virtualization.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "vGVFhZXYOZOy4qFpLLbxp": {
+    "title": "VirtualBox",
+    "description": "VirtualBox is a powerful, open-source and feature-rich virtualization software created by Oracle Corporation. It allows users to set up and run multiple guest operating systems, referred to as \"virtual machines\" (VMs), within a single host computer. VirtualBox operates on a wide range of operating systems, including Windows, macOS, Linux, and Solaris, making it highly versatile for different users and environments.\n\nKey Features\n------------\n\n*   **Cross-platform compatibility**: VirtualBox can be installed and used on a variety of host operating systems. This is beneficial for users who work with multiple platforms and require access to different applications or environments across them.\n    \n*   **Snapshot functionality**: This feature allows users to take a snapshot of their virtual machine, capturing its current state. This can be useful for testing updates or changes, as users can revert to their previous snapshot if conflicts or issues arise.\n    \n*   **USB device support**: VirtualBox allows users to access USB devices connected to their host computer, such as flash drives, printers, or webcams, from within their guest operating system.\n    \n*   **Shared folders**: Users can easily share files between their host system and virtual machines using a shared folder feature. This simplifies file transfers and resource sharing between your host computer and your virtual environments.\n    \n\nSetting up VirtualBox\n---------------------\n\n*   Download and install the latest version of VirtualBox from the [official website](https://www.virtualbox.org/).\n*   Once installed, launch the VirtualBox application.\n*   Click on \"New\" to create a new virtual machine and follow the wizard to configure the VM settings, such as the operating system, memory allocation, and virtual hard disk.\n*   Once the VM is configured, click \"Start\" to launch the virtual machine.\n*   Install your desired guest operating system within the virtual machine.\n\nAdvantages of VirtualBox\n------------------------\n\n*   Open-source software: VirtualBox is free and its source code is available for users to modify and contribute to.\n    \n*   Simple user interface: VirtualBox has an intuitive and easy-to-use interface, making it user-friendly for beginners and professionals alike.\n    \n*   Regular updates and improvements: Oracle Corporation and the community behind VirtualBox regularly release updates, bug fixes, and new features, ensuring that the software remains up-to-date and dynamic.\n    \n\nConsiderations\n--------------\n\nWhile VirtualBox has numerous benefits, there are certain performance limitations when compared to other, more advanced virtualization solutions, such as VMware or Hyper-V. Users working with resource-intensive operating systems or applications may experience some performance differences when utilizing VirtualBox as their choice of virtualization software.\n\n* * *\n\nIn conclusion, VirtualBox is a powerful and flexible tool for creating and managing virtual environments on a variety of host operating systems. With its open-source nature, cross-platform compatibility, and user-friendly interface, it is an excellent choice for cybersecurity enthusiasts and professionals looking to explore virtualization technologies.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "BisNooct1vJDKaBKsGR7_": {
+    "title": "esxi",
+    "description": "VMware ESXi is a Type 1 hypervisor and the core building block for VMware's virtualization technology. It represents a bare-metal hypervisor, which means it is installed directly onto your physical server's hardware, without the need for a supporting operating system. This results in elevated performance, reduced overhead, and efficient resource allocation.\n\nKey features and benefits of ESXi include:\n\n*   **Bare-metal performance**: ESXi can provide better performance by executing directly on the hardware, without the need for an additional operating system layer.\n    \n*   **Security**: ESXi has a smaller footprint and is more resistant to attacks due to its limited scope and stringent VMware policies.\n    \n*   **Resource allocation**: ESXi allows for efficient allocation of resources, such as memory and CPU time, as it directly controls hardware.\n    \n*   **Scalability**: ESXi provides a simple and efficient environment to run multiple virtual machines (VMs) on a single server, which can reduce the need for additional hardware.\n    \n*   **Centralized management**: VMware offers vSphere, a centralized management platform that integrates seamlessly with ESXi, making it easy to deploy, manage, and maintain large-scale virtual infrastructure.\n    \n*   **Compatibility**: ESXi is compatible with a wide variety of hardware, which makes deployment and implementation more flexible and cost-effective.\n    \n\nTo get started with ESXi, you'll need to have compatible hardware and download the ESXi ISO from VMware's website. After installing it on your server, you can manage the virtual machines through VMware vSphere Client or other third-party tools. For more advanced management features, such as high availability, fault tolerance, and distributed resource scheduling, consider investing in VMware vSphere to fully leverage ESXi's potential.\n\nIn summary, VMware's ESXi enables organizations to create, run, and manage multiple virtual machines on a single physical server. With its bare-metal performance, robust security, and seamless integration with management tools, ESXi is a powerful solution for businesses looking to optimize their IT infrastructure through virtualization technologies.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "jqX1A5hFF3Qznqup4lfiF": {
+    "title": "proxmox",
+    "description": "Proxmox is an open-source platform for enterprise-level virtualization. It is a complete server virtualization management solution that allows system administrators to create and manage virtual machines in a unified environment.\n\nKey Features\n------------\n\n*   **Server Virtualization**: Proxmox enables you to turn your physical server into multiple virtual servers, each running its own operating system, applications, and services. This helps to maximize server usage and reduce operating costs.\n    \n*   **High Availability**: Proxmox VE supports high availability and failover. In case of hardware or software failure, automatic migration of virtual machines can prevent downtime for critical applications and services.\n    \n*   **Storage**: Proxmox offers a variety of storage solution options, including local (LVM, ZFS, directories), network (iSCSI, NFS, GlusterFS, Ceph), and distributed storage (Ceph RBD).\n    \n*   **Live Migration**: Live migration is a crucial feature that allows you to move running virtual machines from one host to another with minimal downtime.\n    \n*   **Operating System Support**: Proxmox VE supports a wide range of guest operating systems, including Linux, Windows, BSD, and others.\n    \n*   **Web Interface**: Proxmox offers a powerful and user-friendly web interface for managing your virtual environment. This allows you to create, start, stop or delete virtual machines, monitor their performance, manage their storage, and more from any web browser.\n    \n*   **Role-based Access Control**: Proxmox VE provides a role-based access control system, allowing you to create users with specific permissions and assign them to different parts of the Proxmox system.\n    \n*   **Backup and Restore**: Proxmox offers built-in backup and restore functionality, allowing you to easily create full, incremental, or differential backups of your virtual machines and easily restore them when needed.\n    \n\nConclusion\n----------\n\nAs a powerful and feature-rich virtualization solution, Proxmox Virtual Environment enables administrators to manage their virtual infrastructure more efficiently and reliably. Boasting an easy-to-use web interface, comprehensive storage options, and support for multiple operating systems, Proxmox VE is an excellent choice for managing your virtual environment.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "CIoLaRv5I3sCr9tBnZHEi": {
+    "title": "Hypervisor",
+    "description": "A **hypervisor** is a software component that plays a vital role in virtualization technology. It enables multiple operating systems to run simultaneously on a single physical host. In the context of cybersecurity, using a hypervisor allows users to create and manage multiple isolated virtual environments, commonly known as **virtual machines (VMs)**, which can help protect sensitive data and applications from threats.\n\nThere are two primary types of hypervisors:\n\n*   **Type 1 hypervisors** (_Bare-metal Hypervisors_) - These hypervisors run directly on the host's hardware, without the need for an underlying operating system, offering better performance and security. Examples of type 1 hypervisors include VMware ESXi, Microsoft Hyper-V, and Xen.\n    \n*   **Type 2 hypervisors** (_Hosted Hypervisors_) - These hypervisors run as an application on an existing operating system, which makes them less performant and potentially less secure. However, they are generally easier to set up and manage. Examples of type 2 hypervisors include Oracle VirtualBox, VMware Workstation, and Parallels Desktop.\n    \n\nBenefits of using a Hypervisor\n------------------------------\n\nUtilizing a hypervisor in your cybersecurity strategy can provide several benefits, such as:\n\n*   **Isolation:** Each VM operates in a separate environment, decreasing the chance that a security breach on one VM will affect the others.\n*   **Flexibility:** VMs can be easily created, modified, or destroyed, allowing for easy management and reduced downtime.\n*   **Resource Management:** Hypervisors can effectively manage resources among the various VMs, ensuring that no single VM monopolizes the available resources.\n*   **Snapshotting:** Hypervisors can create snapshots of a VM's state, allowing for easy recovery and rollback in case of a security incident or system failure.\n\nHypervisor Security Considerations\n----------------------------------\n\nThough hypervisors can enhance your cybersecurity posture, it's essential to be aware of potential security risks and best practices. Some security considerations include:\n\n*   **Secure configuration and patch management:** Ensure that the hypervisor is configured securely, and patches are applied promptly to protect against known vulnerabilities.\n*   **Limiting hypervisor access:** Restrict access to the hypervisor by allowing only authorized users and implementing strong authentication and access controls.\n*   **Monitoring:** Implement continuous monitoring and logging mechanisms to detect and respond to potential security threats in the virtual environment.\n*   **Network Segmentation:** Isolate sensitive VMs on separate networks or virtual LANs (VLANs) to minimize the risk of unauthorized access or lateral movement within the virtualized environment.\n\nIn conclusion, a hypervisor is a powerful tool in cybersecurity and virtualization. By understanding its types, benefits, and security considerations, you can make informed decisions on how to best leverage hypervisor technology to protect your digital assets.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "251sxqoHggQ4sZ676iX5w": {
+    "title": "VM",
+    "description": "Virtualization technology enables the creation of multiple virtual environments, known as Virtual Machines (VMs), within a single physical computer. VMs function independently of each other, allowing users to run various operating systems and applications in a single hardware platform.\n\nWhat are Virtual Machines?\n--------------------------\n\nA virtual machine (VM) is a virtual environment that emulates a physical computer, allowing you to run an operating system and applications separately from the underlying hardware. VMs allow for efficient utilization of computer resources, as they enable multiple instances of a system to run on the same physical machine.\n\nKey Components of VMs\n---------------------\n\nHypervisor\n----------\n\nA hypervisor, also known as a virtual machine monitor (VMM), is the software responsible for creating, managing, and monitoring the virtual environments on a host machine. There are two types of hypervisors:\n\n*   **Type 1 Hypervisors:** Also known as \"bare-metal\" or \"native\" hypervisors. They run directly on the hardware and manage the virtual machines without requiring an underlying operating system.\n*   **Type 2 Hypervisors:** Known as \"hosted\" hypervisors. They are installed as an application on a host operating system, which then manages the virtual machines.\n\nGuest Operating System\n----------------------\n\nThe guest operating system, or guest OS, is the operating system installed on a virtual machine. Since VMs are independent of each other, you can run different operating systems and applications on each one without any conflicts.\n\nVirtual Hardware\n----------------\n\nVirtual hardware refers to the resources allocated to a virtual machine, such as CPU, RAM, storage, and networking. Virtual hardware is managed by the hypervisor and ensures that each VM has access to a required set of resources without interfering with other VMs on the host machine.\n\nBenefits of Virtual Machines\n----------------------------\n\n*   **Resource Efficiency:** VMs optimize the use of hardware resources, reducing costs and enabling more efficient use of energy.\n*   **Isolation:** VMs provide a secure and isolated environment for applications and operating systems, reducing the risk of conflicts and potential security threats.\n*   **Flexibility:** VMs allow for the easy deployment, migration, and backup of operating systems and applications. This makes it simple to test new software, recover from failures, and scale resources as needed.\n*   **Cost Savings:** With the ability to run multiple workloads on a single physical machine, organizations can save on hardware, maintenance, and operational expenses.\n\nPopular Virtualization Software\n-------------------------------\n\nThere is a wide range of virtualization software available, including:\n\n*   VMware vSphere: A Type 1 hypervisor commonly used in enterprise environments for server virtualization.\n*   Microsoft Hyper-V: A Type 1 hypervisor integrated into the Windows Server operating system.\n*   Oracle VM VirtualBox: A Type 2 hypervisor that runs on Windows, macOS, and Linux hosts, popular for desktop virtualization.\n\nIn conclusion, virtual machines play a critical role in modern computing, providing a flexible and efficient method to optimize computing resources, isolate applications, and enhance security. Understanding VMs and virtualization technology is an essential part of any comprehensive cybersecurity guide.\n\n[Virtual Machines Part-1 by Abhishek Veeramalla](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lgUwYwBozow)",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "LocGETHz6ANYinNd5ZLsS": {
+    "title": "GuestOS",
+    "description": "A Guest OS (Operating System) is an essential component in virtualization. It is an operating system that runs within a virtual machine (VM) created by a host operating system or a hypervisor. In this scenario, multiple guest operating systems can operate on a single physical host machine, sharing resources provided by the host.\n\nKey Features of Guest OS\n------------------------\n\n*   **Resource Sharing**: The guest OS shares the host's resources, such as CPU, memory, and storage, while having a virtualized environment of its own.\n*   **Isolation**: Each guest OS operates independently of others on the same host machine, ensuring that the performance or security of one system does not affect the others.\n*   **Customization**: You can install and manage different types of guest operating systems on the same host, catering to specific requirements or user preferences.\n*   **Portability**: The guest OS and its associated data can be easily moved to another host machine, simplifying the management of multiple systems for businesses and individuals.\n\nUse Cases for Guest OS\n----------------------\n\n*   **Testing and Development**: By providing a separate environment to experiment with different applications, guest operating systems are appropriate for testing and development.\n*   **Security**: Sandbox environments can be created within the guest OS for analyzing malware or executing potentially unsafe applications, without affecting the host machine's performance or security.\n*   **Legacy Applications**: Some older applications may not be compatible with modern operating systems. Having a guest OS with an older OS version helps to run these legacy applications.\n*   **Resource Optimization**: Virtualization enables businesses to make the most of their hardware investments, as multiple guest OS can share the resources of a single physical machine.\n\nGuest OS Management\n-------------------\n\nTo manage guest operating systems effectively, you must use virtualization software or a hypervisor. Some popular options include:\n\n*   **VMware**: VMware provides tools like VMware Workstation and Fusion to create, manage, and run guest OS within virtual machines.\n*   **Oracle VirtualBox**: Oracle's VirtualBox is an open-source hypervisor that supports the creation and management of guests operating systems across multiple host OS platforms.\n*   **Microsoft Hyper-V**: Microsoft's free hypervisor solution, Hyper-V, is capable of creating and managing guest operating systems on Windows-based host machines.\n\nIn conclusion, a guest operating system plays a vital role in virtualization, allowing users to operate multiple OS within virtual machines on a single host, optimizing resources, and providing the flexibility to work with a variety of applications and environments.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "p7w3C94xjLwSMm5qA8XlL": {
+    "title": "HostOS",
+    "description": "A **Host Operating System (OS)** is the primary operating system installed on a computer that runs directly on the hardware. It serves as the base layer for virtualization, providing resources and an environment for virtual machines (also known as guest operating systems) to operate.\n\nIn virtualization, the host OS allows you to run multiple guest OSs on a single physical hardware system simultaneously, which share resources (such as memory, storage, and CPU) managed by the host OS.\n\nSome key points regarding Host OS in virtualization include:\n\n*   _Responsibilities_: The host OS manages hardware resources, including the allocation of those resources to the guest operating systems. It is also responsible for running the virtualization software or hypervisor that creates, manages, and interacts with the virtual machines.\n    \n*   _Types of Virtualization_: Host OS can be used in two types of virtualization: full virtualization and paravirtualization. In full virtualization, guest operating systems run unmodified, while in paravirtualization, guest operating systems need to be modified to efficiently run on the host OS.\n    \n*   _Security Considerations_: Protecting the host OS is crucial since its vulnerability can potentially affect every virtual machine running on the host. To secure the host, ensure that it is regularly updated, uses strong authentication measures, follows strict access controls, and employs network security best practices.\n    \n\nBy understanding host OS and its roles in virtualization, you can better manage your virtual environment and ensure optimal performance and security for your virtual machines.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "tk4iG5i1Ml9w9KRO1tGJU": {
+    "title": "nslookup",
+    "description": "**Nslookup** is a network administration command-line tool designed for retrieving information about Domain Name System (DNS) records. DNS is responsible for translating domain names into IP addresses, allowing users to access websites and resources by using human-readable names (e.g., [www.example.com](http://www.example.com)) instead of numerical IP addresses.\n\nUses\n----\n\n*   Query DNS servers to verify the configuration of domain names\n*   Find the IP address of a specific domain name\n*   Troubleshoot DNS-related issues and errors\n*   Identify the authoritative DNS servers for a domain\n\nHow to Use\n----------\n\n*   **Open Command Prompt or Terminal**: Press `Windows key + R`, type `cmd`, and press Enter to open Command Prompt on Windows. On macOS or Linux, open Terminal.\n    \n*   **Running Nslookup**: To start using Nslookup, type `nslookup` and hit Enter. You'll now see the `>` prompt, indicating you are in Nslookup mode.\n    \n*   **Query DNS Records**: In Nslookup mode, you can query different types of DNS records by typing the record type followed by the domain name. For instance, to find the A (address) record of [www.example.com](http://www.example.com), type `A www.example.com`. To exit Nslookup mode, type `exit`.\n    \n\nCommonly Used Record Types\n--------------------------\n\nBelow are some of the most-commonly queried DNS record types:\n\n*   **A**: Stands for 'Address'; returns the IPv4 address associated with a domain name\n*   **AAAA**: Stands for 'Address', for IPv6; returns the IPv6 address associated with a domain name\n*   **NS**: Stands for 'Name Server'; returns the authoritative DNS servers for a specific domain\n*   **MX**: Stands for 'Mail Exchange'; returns the mail server(s) responsible for handling email for a specific domain\n*   **CNAME**: Stands for 'Canonical Name'; returns the domain name that an alias is pointing to\n*   **TXT**: Stands for 'Text'; returns additional text information that can be associated with a domain, like security policies (e.g., SPF)\n\nExample\n-------\n\nIf you want to find the A (IPv4) record for [example.com](http://example.com), follow these steps:\n\n*   Open Command Prompt or Terminal\n*   Type `nslookup` and hit Enter\n*   Type `A example.com` and hit Enter\n\nThis will return the IPv4 address associated with the domain name [example.com](http://example.com).",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "jr8JlyqmN3p7Ol3_kD9AH": {
+    "title": "iptables",
+    "description": "**IPTables** is a command-line utility for configuring and managing packet filtering rules within the Linux operating system. It allows the system administrator to define and manage the firewall rules that control the incoming and outgoing network traffic. IPTables is an essential tool for securing Linux systems and ensuring proper network traffic flow.\n\nHow IPTables Works\n------------------\n\nIPTables is built upon a framework called _Netfilter_, which is embedded in the Linux kernel. Netfilter provides various operations on packets, such as filtering, modifying, and redirecting. IPTables makes use of these operations by providing a user-friendly interface to define rules based on various criteria like source IP address, destination IP address, protocol, and port numbers.\n\nIPTables organizes rules into chains, where each chain consists of a list of rules. There are three default chains: INPUT, OUTPUT, and FORWARD. These chains represent the different stages a packet goes through in the network stack:\n\n*   **INPUT**: Applied to incoming packets destined for the local system.\n*   **OUTPUT**: Applied to outgoing packets originating from the local system.\n*   **FORWARD**: Applied to packets being routed through the local system.\n\nBasic IPTables Usage\n--------------------\n\nTo list the current IPTables rules, use the following command:\n\n    iptables -L\n    \n\nTo add a new rule to a specific chain, use the `-A` flag followed by the chain name and the rule details:\n\n    iptables -A INPUT -s 192.168.1.2 -j DROP\n    \n\nThis command adds a rule to the INPUT chain that drops all packets coming from the IP address 192.168.1.2.\n\nTo delete a rule from a specific chain, use the `-D` flag followed by the chain name and the rule number:\n\n    iptables -D INPUT 3\n    \n\nThis command removes the third rule in the INPUT chain.\n\nTo insert a rule at a specific position in a chain, use the `-I` flag followed by the chain name, rule number, and the rule details:\n\n    iptables -I INPUT 2 -s 192.168.1.3 -j DROP\n    \n\nThis command inserts a rule at position 2 in the INPUT chain that drops all packets coming from the IP address 192.168.1.3.\n\nSaving and Restoring IPTables Rules\n-----------------------------------\n\nBy default, IPTables rules are temporary and will be lost upon a system reboot. To save the current rules and make them persistent, use the following command:\n\n    iptables-save > /etc/iptables/rules.v4\n    \n\nTo restore the rules from a saved file, use the following command:\n\n    iptables-restore < /etc/iptables/rules.v4\n    \n\nConclusion\n----------\n\nIPTables is a powerful tool for managing packet filtering rules in Linux systems. With proper configuration, it can greatly enhance your system's security and ensure smooth network traffic flow. Understanding IPTables can help you diagnose and resolve network-related issues while providing essential protection from cyber threats.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "k6UX0BJho5arjGD2RWPgH": {
+    "title": "Packet Sniffers",
+    "description": "Packet sniffers are essential network troubleshooting tools that capture and inspect data packets passing through a network. They're especially useful for detecting security vulnerabilities, monitoring network traffic, and diagnosing network-related issues.\n\nHow Packet Sniffers Work\n------------------------\n\nPacket sniffers work by actively listening to the network traffic and extracting data from the packets transmitted across the network. They can either capture all packets or filter them based on specific criteria, like IP addresses, protocols, or port numbers.\n\nCommon Features\n---------------\n\nSome of the main features offered by packet sniffers include:\n\n*   **Capture and analysis**: Packet sniffers can capture and analyze individual data packets, providing detailed information about the packet's header, payload, and other relevant information.\n*   **Filtering**: To make it easier for users to locate specific network traffic, packet sniffers often feature filtering options that can narrow down the data to a single protocol, port number, or IP address.\n*   **Packet injection**: Some packet sniffers can inject data packets into the network, which is useful for testing security mechanisms or for simulating traffic in a network environment.\n*   **Graphical representation**: Packet sniffers may also provide graphical representations for data, making it easier to visualize network traffic patterns and identify potential congestion points or other issues.\n\nPopular Packet Sniffers\n-----------------------\n\nThere are numerous packet sniffers available, both open-source and commercial. Some popular packet sniffers include:\n\n*   [@article@Wireshark](https://www.wireshark.org/): A popular open-source packet analyzer with advanced features and support for various platforms.\n*   [@article@tcpdump](https://www.tcpdump.org/): A command-line packet sniffer and analyzer primarily used in Unix-based systems.\n*   [@article@Npcap](https://nmap.org/npcap/): A packet capture framework for Windows that supports Windows 10 and newer versions.\n\nCyber Security & Packet Sniffers\n--------------------------------\n\nPacket sniffers are valuable tools for cybersecurity professionals. They can help identify unauthorized or malicious network activity, track down the source of specific traffic patterns or attacks, and assist with the development of network security policies. When using packet sniffers, it's important to keep in mind that monitoring other users' network activity without their consent may raise legal and ethical issues.\n\nTo sum up, packet sniffers are powerful tools that can provide valuable insights into network traffic and security, ultimately helping to maintain and secure any given network environment.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "u-6xuZUyOrogh1bU4cwER": {
+    "title": "ipconfig",
+    "description": "**IPConfig** is a command-line tool that is available on Windows operating systems. It is used to display the current network configuration settings of a computer, such as IP address, subnet mask, and default gateway. This tool helps users diagnose and troubleshoot network connectivity issues by providing essential details about the system's network connections.\n\nUsing IPConfig\n--------------\n\nTo use IPConfig, open the Command Prompt or PowerShell and enter the following command:\n\n    ipconfig\n    \n\nThis command will display the network configuration details for all the active network connections on your system.\n\nIPConfig Options\n----------------\n\nIPConfig has several options that can provide more comprehensive information or perform different tasks, such as:\n\n*   **/all**: This option displays the full configuration data for all the network connections, including DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) server and lease information.\n    \n        ipconfig /all\n        \n    \n*   **/release**: This command releases the IP address obtained from the DHCP server for the specified network adapter or all network adapters if none is specified.\n    \n        ipconfig /release\n        \n    \n*   **/renew**: This command requests a new IP address from the DHCP server for the specified network adapter or all network adapters if none is specified.\n    \n        ipconfig /renew\n        \n    \n*   **/flushdns**: This option clears the DNS (Domain Name System) resolver cache, which stores the recent DNS queries and their corresponding IP addresses.\n    \n        ipconfig /flushdns\n        \n    \n*   **/registerdns**: This command refreshes all DHCP leases and re-registers DNS names for your system.\n    \n        ipconfig /registerdns\n        \n    \n*   **/displaydns**: This option displays the contents of the DNS resolver cache, allowing you to view recently resolved domain names and IP addresses.\n    \n        ipconfig /displaydns\n        \n    \n*   **/setclassid**: This command allows you to modify the DHCP class ID for the specified network adapter.\n    \n        ipconfig /setclassid\n        \n    \n*   **/showclassid**: This option displays the DHCP class ID for the specified network adapter.\n    \n        ipconfig /showclassid\n        \n    \n\nIn conclusion, IPConfig is a powerful and handy tool for managing and troubleshooting network connections on Windows systems. It allows you to view and modify network configuration settings, lease IP addresses, and interact with the DNS resolver cache easily.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "2M3PRbGzo14agbEPe32ww": {
+    "title": "netstat",
+    "description": "Netstat, short for 'network statistics', is a command-line tool that provides valuable information about the network connections, routing tables, and network interface statistics on a computer system. Netstat can help in diagnosing and troubleshooting network-related issues by displaying real-time data about network traffic, connections, routes, and more.\n\nKey Features\n------------\n\n*   **Network Connections:** Netstat can show open and active network connections, including inbound and outbound, as well as display the ports on which your system is currently listening.\n*   **Routing Tables:** Netstat provides information about your system's routing tables, which can help you identify the path a packet takes to reach its destination.\n*   **Network Interface Statistics:** Netstat displays statistics for network interfaces, covering details such as packets transmitted, packets received, errors, and more.\n\nCommon Netstat Commands\n-----------------------\n\n*   `netstat -a`: Displays all active connections and listening ports\n*   `netstat -n`: Displays active connections without resolving hostnames (faster)\n*   `netstat -r`: Displays the routing table\n*   `netstat -i`: Displays network interfaces and their statistics\n*   `netstat -s`: Displays network protocol statistics (TCP, UDP, ICMP)\n\nExample Use Cases\n-----------------\n\n*   **Identify Open Ports:** You can use netstat to determine which ports are open and listening on your system, helping you identify potential security vulnerabilities.\n*   **Monitor Network Connections:** Netstat allows you to monitor active connections to ensure that nothing unauthorized or suspicious is connecting to your system.\n*   **Troubleshoot Network Issues:** By displaying routing table information, netstat can help you understand the pathways your system takes to reach various destinations, which can be crucial when diagnosing network problems.\n\nNetstat is a versatile and powerful tool for gaining insights into your system's network behavior. Armed with this knowledge, you'll be better equipped to address potential vulnerabilities and monitor your system's health in the context of cyber security.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "iJRQHzh5HXADuWpCouwxv": {
+    "title": "Port Scanners",
+    "description": "Port scanners are essential tools in the troubleshooting and cybersecurity landscape. They are designed to detect open or closed network ports on a target system. Network ports serve as communication endpoints for various applications and services running on a device, and knowing the status of these ports can help identify potential security vulnerabilities or confirm that specific services are running as intended.\n\nIn this section, we will explore the following aspects of port scanners:\n\n*   **Why port scanners are important**\n*   **Types of port scanners**\n*   **Popular port scanning tools**\n\nWhy port scanners are important\n-------------------------------\n\nPort scanners can help in the following situations:\n\n*   **Identifying open ports:** Open ports might expose your system to attacks if they are left unsecured. A port scanner can help you identify which network ports are open and need to be secured.\n*   **Detecting unauthorized services:** Scanning for open ports can help you find if any unauthorized applications are running on your network, as these services might open ports that you are not aware of.\n*   **Testing firewall rules:** Port scanners can also verify if your firewall rules are effective and configured correctly.\n*   **Troubleshooting network issues:** By detecting open and closed ports, port scanners can help you diagnose network problems and ensure your applications and services are running smoothly.\n\nTypes of port scanners\n----------------------\n\nThere are three main types of port scanners:\n\n*   **TCP Connect:** This scanner initiates a full TCP connection between the scanner and the target device. It goes through the entire process of establishing a TCP connection, including a three-way handshake. This type of scan is accurate but more easily detectable.\n*   **TCP SYN or Half-Open scan:** This scanner only sends a SYN packet (a request to start a connection) to the target device. If the target device responds with a SYN/ACK packet, the port is considered open. This type of scan is faster and less detectable, as it doesn't establish a full connection.\n*   **UDP Scan:** This scanner targets User Datagram Protocol (UDP) ports, which are typically used for streaming and real-time communication applications. It sends UDP packets to the target device, and if there's no response, the port is considered open. This type of scan can be less accurate, as some devices may not respond to UDP probes.\n\nPopular port scanning tools\n---------------------------\n\nHere are some popular and widely used port scanning tools:\n\n*   **Nmap:** Nmap (Network Mapper) is a free, open-source tool that is highly versatile and powerful. It offers various types of scans, including TCP Connect, TCP SYN, and UDP scans.\n*   **Masscan:** Masscan is a high-speed port scanner that is typically used for large-scale scanning, thanks to its ability to scan the entire internet within a few minutes.\n*   **Angry IP Scanner:** It is a cross-platform port scanner that is very user-friendly and suitable for beginners. It supports both TCP and UDP scanning.\n\nRemember to always use port scanners responsibly and only on your own systems or where you have permission to perform a scan. Unauthorized port scanning can have legal and ethical implications.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "GuuY-Q6FZzfspB3wrH64r": {
+    "title": "ping",
+    "description": "**Ping** is a fundamental networking tool that helps users to check the connectivity between two devices, typically a source computer, and a remote device, such as a server or another computer. The name \"ping\" comes from the sonar terminology, where a signal is sent out and a response is expected to verify the presence of an object.\n\nThe ping command operates by sending Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) Echo Request packets to the target host and waiting for an ICMP Echo Reply. By sending multiple requests and calculating the time interval between sending the request and receiving a reply, the tool provides valuable information about the quality and reliability of the network connection.\n\nUsing Ping\n----------\n\nTo use the ping command, open a command prompt or terminal window, and type `ping` followed by the IP address or hostname of the target device. For example:\n\n    ping example.com\n    \n\nInterpreting Ping Results\n-------------------------\n\nThe output of the ping command will display the following information:\n\n*   **Sent**: The number of packets sent to the target device.\n*   **Received**: The number of packets received from the target device (if connectivity is successful).\n*   **Lost**: The number of packets that did not reach the target device, indicating a problem in the connection.\n*   **Minimum, Maximum, and Average Round Trip Time (RTT)**: Provides an estimate of the time it takes for a single packet to travel from the source device to the destination and back again.\n\nTroubleshooting with Ping\n-------------------------\n\nPing is particularly useful for diagnosing and troubleshooting network connectivity issues. Some common scenarios in which it can help include:\n\n*   Verifying if a remote device is active and responding.\n*   Identifying network latency or slow network connections.\n*   Troubleshooting routing problems and packet loss.\n*   Testing the resolution of domain names to IP addresses.\n\nBy understanding and utilizing the ping command, users can diagnose and resolve various network-related issues to ensure a stable and secure online experience.\n\nRemember that some devices or servers may be configured not to respond to ICMP requests, which might result in no response or a \"Request timed out\" message after using the ping command. This behavior is usually configured to prevent potential security risks or attacks, so don't panic if you encounter this while troubleshooting.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "D2YYv1iTRGken75sHO0Gt": {
+    "title": "dig",
+    "description": "`dig`, short for the Domain Information Groper, is a powerful and flexible command-line tool used to perform DNS queries and obtain valuable information about domains, IPs, and DNS records. This utility, available on UNIX-based systems like Linux and macOS, provides an essential function to help diagnose and resolve various issues related to domain name resolution and network connectivity. It is highly useful for network administrators and cybersecurity professionals when troubleshooting DNS-related problems.\n\nFeatures\n--------\n\n*   **DNS Querying**: `dig` can retrieve various types of DNS records such as A, AAAA, MX, NS, CNAME, and many others.\n*   **Flexibility**: With various command-line options, `dig` allows users to customize their queries easily.\n*   **User-friendly Formatting**: `dig` provides readable and straightforward responses, simplifying the interpretation of DNS records and related information.\n*   **Batch Mode**: The tool enables users to perform multiple DNS queries in a batch file, increasing efficiency.\n\nBasic Usage\n-----------\n\nHere's a basic example of how to use `dig` to perform a DNS query:\n\n    dig example.com\n    \n\nThis command will return the A (IPv4) record for `example.com`.\n\nTo perform a specific type of DNS query, such as fetching an AAAA (IPv6) record, use the following command:\n\n    dig example.com AAAA\n    \n\nCommon Options\n--------------\n\nSome common options to use with `dig` include:\n\n*   `+short`: Condenses the output, providing only essential information.\n*   `-t`: Specifies the type of DNS record to query (e.g., `A`, `AAAA`, `MX`, `NS`, etc.).\n*   `+tcp`: Forces `dig` to use TCP instead of the default UDP for the DNS query.\n\nConclusion\n----------\n\nIn summary, `dig` is a valuable command-line tool for performing DNS queries and troubleshooting domain name resolution problems. Its power and flexibility make it an essential tool for any network administrator or cybersecurity professional.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "hkO3Ga6KctKODr4gos6qX": {
+    "title": "arp",
+    "description": "ARP is a crucial network protocol used to map IP addresses to their corresponding MAC (Media Access Control) addresses. This mapping is crucial, as devices on a network use MAC addresses to communicate with one another. As IP addresses are easier to remember and utilize for humans, ARP helps in converting these logical addresses to physical addresses that devices can understand.\n\nWhy ARP is important\n--------------------\n\nIn a network, when a device wants to send data to another device, it needs to know the recipient's MAC address. If the sender only knows the IP address, it can use ARP to determine the corresponding MAC address. The mapping is stored in the device's ARP cache, which holds a record of both the IP and MAC addresses. This allows devices to quickly identify and communicate with others on the network.\n\nARP Request and Reply\n---------------------\n\nHere are the basic steps involved in the ARP process:\n\n*   The sender creates an ARP request packet with its own IP and MAC addresses, and the recipient's IP address. The packet is broadcast to all devices on the local network.\n*   Each device on the network receives the ARP request, checks if the IP address is its own, and replies to the sender as needed.\n*   The sender receives the ARP reply containing the recipient's MAC address and updates its ARP cache with the new information.\n*   Finally, the sender uses the MAC address to transmit data packets to the intended recipient.\n\nTroubleshooting with ARP\n------------------------\n\nIf you're having issues with network communication or want to investigate your network, the ARP table can be a helpful tool. You can view your device's ARP cache using commands specific to your operating system:\n\n*   **Windows**: Open Command Prompt and type `arp -a`\n*   **Linux**: Open Terminal and type `arp`\n*   **macOS**: Open Terminal and type `arp -a`\n\nThe output will display the IP and MAC addresses of devices on the network that the system has interacted with.\n\nARP Spoofing and Security Concerns\n----------------------------------\n\nAs crucial as ARP is, it can be exploited by attackers for malicious purposes. ARP spoofing, also known as ARP poisoning, is a form of cyberattack in which an attacker sends fake ARP requests to a network to link their MAC address with an IP address that legitimately belongs to another device. This enables the attacker to intercept and manipulate network traffic or launch denial-of-service (DoS) attacks.\n\nTo mitigate ARP spoofing, consider implementing security measures such as monitoring ARP traffic, using a static ARP table, or employing security solutions like intrusion detection and prevention systems. Additionally, maintaining a secure and up-to-date network infrastructure can help reduce potential vulnerabilities.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "K05mEAsjImyPge0hDtsU0": {
+    "title": "Protocol Analyzers",
+    "description": "Protocol analyzers, also known as packet analyzers or network analyzers, are tools used to capture and analyze the data packets transmitted across a network. These tools help in monitoring network traffic, identifying security vulnerabilities, troubleshooting network problems, and ensuring that the network is operating efficiently. By analyzing the packets on a network, you can gain insights into the performance of your network infrastructure and the behavior of various devices and applications on it.\n\nFeatures & Uses of Protocol Analyzers\n-------------------------------------\n\n*   **Traffic Monitoring & Analysis**: Protocol analyzers allow you to monitor the traffic on your network in real-time, which helps identify bottlenecks, network congestion, and other performance issues.\n    \n*   **Security Analysis**: Analyzing network traffic can help identify unusual traffic patterns, potential security threats or breaches, and malicious activities. By studying the data packets, you can detect unauthorized access, malware infections, or other cyber attacks.\n    \n*   **Protocol Debugging**: These tools enable you to analyze different network protocols (such as HTTP, FTP, and SMTP) and their respective packets, which proves useful in troubleshooting issues related to application performance and communication.\n    \n*   **Bandwidth Utilization**: Protocol analyzers allow you to analyze the volume of network traffic and how the available bandwidth resources are being used, helping you optimize the network for better performance.\n    \n*   **Network Troubleshooting**: By capturing and analyzing packet data, you can identify network problems and take corrective measures to improve the overall performance and stability of the network.\n    \n\nPopular Protocol Analyzers\n--------------------------\n\nHere's a list of some widely-used protocol analyzers:\n\n*   **Wireshark**: Wireshark is an open-source packet analyzer with support for numerous protocols. It is one of the most popular and widely-used network troubleshooting tools available.\n    \n*   **TCPDump**: TCPDump is a command-line packet analyzer that allows you to capture network traffic and view it in a human-readable format, making it easy to analyze.\n    \n*   **Ethereal**: Ethereal is another open-source packet analyzer that provides a graphical user interface for capturing, filtering, and analyzing network traffic.\n    \n*   **Nmap**: Nmap is a popular network scanning tool that also includes packet capture and analysis capabilities, allowing you to analyze the network for vulnerabilities and other issues.\n    \n*   **Microsoft Message Analyzer**: Microsoft Message Analyzer is a versatile protocol analyzer developed by Microsoft that provides deep packet inspection and analysis of network traffic, including encrypted traffic.\n    \n\nIn conclusion, protocol analyzers are essential tools for network administrators, security professionals, and developers alike to ensure the performance, security, and stability of their networks. By understanding how these tools work and using them effectively, you can take proactive measures to maintain and improve the health of your network.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "xqwIEyGfdZFxk6QqbPswe": {
+    "title": "nmap",
+    "description": "**Nmap** (Network Mapper) is an open-source network scanner that is widely used in cyber security for discovering hosts and services on a computer network. Nmap allows you to efficiently explore and scan networks to identify open ports, running services, and other security vulnerabilities.\n\nFeatures of Nmap\n----------------\n\n*   **Host Discovery**: Nmap facilitates finding hosts on the network using various techniques such as ICMP echo requests, TCP SYN/ACK probes, and ARP scans.\n    \n*   **Port Scanning**: Nmap can identify open ports on target hosts, which can reveal potential security vulnerabilities and provide crucial information during a penetration test.\n    \n*   **Service and Version Detection**: Nmap can detect the name and version of the services running on target hosts. This information helps to identify software that might be outdated or have known security flaws.\n    \n*   **Operating System Detection**: Nmap can make intelligent guesses about the operating system of a target host, which can be useful for tuning your attack strategy based on the vulnerabilities of specific systems.\n    \n*   **Scriptable**: Nmap has a built-in scripting engine (NSE) that allows users to write custom scripts for automating and extending its functionality.\n    \n\nHow to use Nmap\n---------------\n\nNmap can be installed on various platforms such as Windows, Linux, and macOS. After installation, Nmap can be used via the command line with different options and flags, depending on the desired scan type.\n\nFor example, to perform a simple host and port discovery, the following command can be used:\n\n    nmap -sn -p 80,443 192.168.0.0/24\n    \n\nThis command will perform a \"ping scan\" (`-sn`) on the specified IP range (`192.168.0.0/24`) and check for open ports 80 and 443.\n\nImportant Notes\n---------------\n\n*   While Nmap is a valuable tool for cyber security professionals, it can also be used by malicious attackers to gather information about potential targets. It is essential to use Nmap responsibly and only on networks and systems that you have permission to scan.\n    \n*   Scanning large networks can generate considerable traffic and may impact the performance of the target hosts. It is important to configure your scans appropriately and be mindful of potential network disruptions.\n    \n\nFor more information and usage examples, refer to the [official Nmap documentation](https://nmap.org/book/man.html).",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "xFuWk7M-Vctk_xb7bHbWs": {
+    "title": "route",
+    "description": "`route` is a command-line utility that allows you to view and manipulate the IP routing table in your computer. The primary function of the routing table is to determine the best path for sending IP packets to their destination. Properly managing this table is crucial for network administrators, as it plays a direct role in your computer's ability to communicate with other devices on the network effectively.\n\nUsing the Route Command\n-----------------------\n\nThe syntax for the route command is as follows:\n\n    route [COMMAND] [OPTIONS]\n    \n\nHere are some basic commands that you can use with `route`:\n\n*   **route add** - Adds a new route to the table\n*   **route delete** - Removes a route from the table\n*   **route change** - Modifies a specific route in the table\n*   **route get** - Retrieves information about a specific route\n*   **route show** - Displays the entire routing table\n\nPlease note that, to modify the routing table, administrative privileges may be needed.\n\nExamples of Route Usage\n-----------------------\n\n*   **View the routing table**\n\n    route -n\n    \n\nThis command will display the current routing table in a numerical format, which includes the destination, gateway, and interface.\n\n*   **Add a new route**\n\n    sudo route add -net 192.168.2.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 gw 192.168.1.1\n    \n\nThis command adds a new route to the destination network 192.168.2.0 with a netmask of 255.255.255.0 and a gateway of 192.168.1.1.\n\n*   **Delete a route**\n\n    sudo route delete -net 192.168.2.0 netmask 255.255.255.0\n    \n\nThis command removes the route to the destination network 192.168.2.0 with a netmask of 255.255.255.0.\n\n*   **Change an existing route**\n\n    sudo route change -net 192.168.2.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 gw 192.168.1.2\n    \n\nThis command modifies the existing route to the destination network 192.168.2.0 with a new gateway of 192.168.1.2.\n\nConclusion\n----------\n\nThe `route` command is an essential tool for network administrators and anyone involved in cyber security. Understanding and being able to manipulate the IP routing table can help ensure that your computer is able to communicate effectively with other devices on the network, thus contributing to a more secure and efficient network environment.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "y8GaUNpaCT1Ai88wPOk6d": {
+    "title": "tcpdump",
+    "description": "Tcpdump is a powerful command-line packet analyzer tool that allows you to monitor and intercept network traffic on your system. This utility is beneficial for troubleshooting network connectivity problems and analyzing network protocols. Tcpdump can capture and display the packet headers on a particular network interface or a specific port.\n\nKey Features\n------------\n\n*   Capture packets in real-time\n*   Display captured packets in a human-readable format\n*   Write packets to a file and read saved packet files\n*   Filter packets based on specific conditions such as IP addresses, protocol, or port\n\nBasic Usage\n-----------\n\nTo start using Tcpdump, open your terminal/command line and enter the following command:\n\n    tcpdump -i any\n    \n\nThis command will capture packets on all network interfaces. The output will display source and destination IP addresses, port numbers, and packet length.\n\nCommon Tcpdump Commands\n-----------------------\n\nHere are some essential tcpdump commands for different tasks:\n\n*   **Monitor a specific interface**: To monitor a specific network interface, replace `<INTERFACE>` with the name of the interface you want to monitor:\n    \n        tcpdump -i <INTERFACE>\n        \n    \n*   **Capture specific number of packets:** To capture a specific number of packets, use the `-c` option followed by the number of packets you want to capture:\n    \n        tcpdump -i any -c 10\n        \n    \n*   **Save captured packets to a file:** Tcpdump can save the captured packets to a file for further analysis. To save the packets in a file, use the `-w` option followed by the file name:\n    \n        tcpdump -i any -w capture.pcap\n        \n    \n*   **Filter captured packets**: You can filter the captured packets by various parameters such as IP addresses, protocol, or port numbers. Some examples of the filter are:\n    \n    *   Capture packets from/to a specific IP address:\n        \n            tcpdump -i any host 192.168.1.1\n            \n        \n    *   Capture packets related to a specific port:\n        \n            tcpdump -i any port 80\n            \n        \n    *   Capture packets by protocol (e.g., icmp, tcp, or udp):\n        \n            tcpdump -i any icmp\n            \n        \n\nYou can learn more about tcpdump filters and advanced options from its official documentation or by typing `man tcpdump` in your terminal. Tcpdump is an invaluable tool for any network administrator and will help you get to the root of any network issues.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "cSz9Qx3PGwmhq3SSKYKfg": {
+    "title": "tracert",
+    "description": "Tracert, short for \"Trace Route\", is a command-line utility that helps in diagnosing network connectivity issues by displaying the route taken by data packets to reach a specific destination. It identifies each hop along the path and calculates the time it takes for the data packets to travel from one point to another. Tracert can be particularly useful in determining potential delays or interruptions in network communication.\n\nHow to Use Tracert\n------------------\n\n*   Open `Command Prompt` on your Windows computer or `Terminal` on Linux or macOS.\n*   Type `tracert` followed by the target destination, which can either be an IP address or a domain name. For example: `tracert example.com`\n\nThe output will show a list of hops in sequential order, with each line representing a single hop, its IP address, hostname, and the round-trip time (in milliseconds) for the data packets to reach that point.\n\nInterpreting Tracert Results\n----------------------------\n\nWhen analyzing the results of a tracert command, consider the following:\n\n*   _Hops_: These are the individual steps the data packets take to reach the destination. If the route appears excessively long, there may be an issue with the network configuration or an inefficient routing path.\n*   _Round-trip Time (RTT)_: This measures how long it takes for data packets to travel from the source to the destination and back. If the RTT is consistently high or increases significantly between specific hops, there could be a network delay, bottleneck, or congestion.\n*   _Request Timed Out_: If you see this error, it means that a data packet failed to reach a specific hop within the given time. This could be an indication of a connection failure, firewall blocking, or packet loss.\n\nHowever, note that some routers may be configured to discard or de-prioritize ICMP echo requests (the packets used by tracert) due to security reasons or traffic management, which might result in incomplete or inaccurate tracert results.\n\nLimitations and Alternatives\n----------------------------\n\nWhile tracert is a handy troubleshooting tool, it has some limitations:\n\n*   It relies on ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) packets, which may be filtered or blocked by firewalls or other network devices.\n*   The results might be affected by short-lived network congestions or latency spikes which are not necessarily representative of the average performance.\n*   It provides limited insight into the underlying causes of network issues (e.g., hardware failures, software misconfigurations).\n\nFor more advanced network troubleshooting and analysis, you may consider other tools such as:\n\n*   `ping`: To test basic connectivity and latency towards a specific host or IP address.\n*   `nslookup` or `dig`: To look up DNS records, diagnose DNS problems, or verify proper domain name resolution.\n*   `mtr` (My Traceroute): Available on Linux and macOS, it combines the functionality of both \"traceroute\" and \"ping,\" providing real-time, continuous statistics on each hop's performance.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "lG6afUOx3jSQFxbH92otL": {
+    "title": "Kerberos",
+    "description": "Kerberos is a network authentication protocol designed to provide strong authentication for client/server applications. It was developed by MIT in the 1980s and is named after the three-headed dog from Greek mythology that guarded the gates of Hades, symbolizing the protocol's aim to provide secure authentication in a potentially hostile network environment.\n\nHow Kerberos works\n------------------\n\nKerberos relies on a trusted third party called the Key Distribution Center (KDC). The KDC maintains a database of secret keys for each user and service on the network. The protocol uses symmetric key cryptography, meaning that both the client and the server know the same shared encryption key.\n\nThe main goal of Kerberos is to prove the identity of both the client and the server to each other so that they can securely exchange information. To achieve this, the protocol uses tickets - encrypted messages containing information about the client's identity, the server's identity, and a shared session key.\n\nHere is a high-level summary of the Kerberos authentication process:\n\n*   The client requests a ticket from the KDC by providing its username.\n*   The KDC generates a ticket, encrypts it using the client's secret key, and sends it back to the client.\n*   The client decrypts the ticket and obtains a session key that it will use to securely communicate with the server.\n*   To access a specific service, the client requests a service ticket from the KDC. The request includes its ticket and the target server's identifier.\n*   The KDC generates a service ticket, encrypts it using the server's secret key, and sends it back to the client.\n*   The client sends the service ticket to the server along with a message, encrypted using the session key, to establish its identity.\n*   The server decrypts the service ticket, extracts the session key, and uses it to decrypt the client's message.\n*   After verifying the client's identity, the server allows access to the requested service and sends an encrypted message to confirm authentication.\n\nBenefits of Kerberos\n--------------------\n\n*   **Secure**: Kerberos provides strong authentication using encrypted tickets, making it difficult for attackers to intercept and forge.\n*   **Centralized**: The KDC centralizes authentication management, making it easier to control and maintain user access.\n*   **Scalable**: The protocol is designed to support large networks, making it a popular choice for enterprise environments.\n*   **Interoperable**: Kerberos is an open standard supported by many different platforms and vendors.\n\nLimitations\n-----------\n\n*   **KDC reliance**: The KDC is a single point of failure. If it's compromised or goes offline, authentication on the network will be disrupted.\n*   **Time-sensitive**: Kerberos is sensitive to time differences between servers and clients. Synchronized clocks are necessary to maintain accurate ticket lifetimes and prevent replay attacks.\n*   **Complexity**: The protocol can be complex to set up and requires proper management of secret keys.\n\nIn summary, Kerberos is a robust and widely used authentication protocol that helps secure client/server communications. Its centralized management and strong security measures make it an excellent choice for organizations with demanding authentication requirements. However, it also has its limitations and complexities that must be carefully managed to maintain a secure and efficient authentication process.",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Kerberos",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/kerberos?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Kerberos authentication process",
+        "url": "https://youtu.be/_44CHD3Vx-0",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "lV3swvD6QGLmD9iVfbKIF": {
+    "title": "LDAP",
+    "description": "LDAP is a protocol used to access directory services, i.e., a hierarchical database that holds information about various objects, such as users, groups, computer accounts, and more. In the context of cybersecurity, it's essential in storing information related to authentication, authorization, and user profiles. LDAP is primarily utilized in enterprise environments as a centralized system for managing user accounts and their permissions.\n\n**How LDAP works**\n\n*   It is based on a client-server model, where the client sends a request to the server (usually an LDAP directory server), and the server responds accordingly.\n*   LDAP servers store directory entries in a hierarchical (tree-like) structure, starting from the root (known as the \"base DN\") and following a series of branches down to individual entries.\n*   Each entry in the LDAP directory has a distinguished name (DN), which uniquely identifies the entry in the hierarchy.\n\n**LDAP in Cyber Security** In cybersecurity, LDAP servers are often used for the following purposes:\n\n*   **Authentication**: LDAP stores user account and password information, which can be used to authenticate users to access specific applications or resources.\n*   **Authorization**: Using LDAP directory groups, you can manage access controls for users and grant or deny permissions based on their role or membership.\n*   **User Management**: LDAP provides a single, centralized repository for managing user account information, making it easier to maintain consistent user data across multiple systems or applications.\n\n**LDAP Security Best Practices** To enhance the security of your LDAP implementation, consider adopting these best practices:\n\n*   Use secure protocols like LDAPS (LDAP over SSL) or StartTLS to encrypt the data transmitted between the client and the LDAP server.\n*   Implement strong access control rules to ensure that only authorized clients can access the LDAP directory.\n*   Regularly update and patch both client-side and server-side LDAP software to protect against known vulnerabilities.\n*   Limit the searchable scope on the client-side, to minimize the risk of information disclosure.\n*   Use strong authentication methods, such as multi-factor authentication (MFA), to secure access to the LDAP directory.\n\nIn conclusion, LDAP is a critical component in many enterprise-level cybersecurity architectures, as it plays a vital role in handling authentication and authorization processes. To ensure the security of your LDAP implementation, it's crucial to follow best practices and carefully manage access to directory services.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "xL32OqDKm6O043TYgVV1r": {
+    "title": "SSO",
+    "description": "Single Sign-On, or SSO, is an authentication mechanism that allows users to access multiple applications, systems, or websites by entering their login credentials only once. This means that a user can quickly and conveniently navigate between multiple platforms without the need to authenticate multiple times, providing both a seamless user experience and an added layer of security.\n\nKey Components of SSO\n---------------------\n\nThere are typically three main components involved in the Single Sign-On process:\n\n*   **User:** The individual who wants to access multiple applications within an environment.\n*   **Service Provider (SP):** The application or website the user is trying to access.\n*   **Identity Provider (IdP):** The third-party platform that securely stores and manages user identities, ensuring only authorized users can access the applications.\n\nHow SSO Works\n-------------\n\nSSO operates by leveraging a centralized authentication system, usually provided by an Identity Provider (IdP). When a User attempts to access a Service Provider (SP), the following process occurs:\n\n*   The User requests access to a Service Provider.\n    \n*   The Service Provider checks if the User is already authenticated to the Identity Provider.\n    \n*   If not, the User is redirected to the Identity Provider's login page.\n    \n*   The User submits their login credentials to the Identity Provider.\n    \n*   If the credentials are valid, the Identity Provider issues an encrypted token called a \"security assertion\".\n    \n*   The User presents this token to the Service Provider as proof of authentication.\n    \n*   The Service Provider validates the token and grants access to the User.\n    \n\nBenefits of SSO\n---------------\n\n*   **Improved User Experience:** Users spend less time logging in, allowing them to focus on their work without being repeatedly prompted for authentication.\n    \n*   **Reduced Password Fatigue:** Users only need to remember one set of login credentials, minimizing the need to write down or reuse passwords, which can be a security risk.\n    \n*   **Enhanced Security:** By limiting the number of times a user enters their login credentials, SSO reduces the risk of phishing attacks and potential password breaches.\n    \n*   **Simplified Identity Management:** Centralizing authentication through a single Identity Provider makes it easier for administrators to manage access rights and monitor user activity across multiple platforms.\n    \n*   **Reduced Help Desk Costs:** With fewer password-related issues to address, help desk teams can focus on more critical tasks, resulting in lower support costs.\n    \n\nOverall, implementing Single Sign-On in your organization can dramatically improve both user experience and system security. However, it is essential to choose a reliable Identity Provider and ensure secure integration with all relevant Service Providers.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "tH3RLnJseqOzRIbZMklHD": {
+    "title": "RADIUS",
+    "description": "**RADIUS** (Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service) is a widely used client-server protocol that offers centralized authentication, authorization, and accounting (AAA) management for users connecting to a network. Developed in 1991, RADIUS allows the transfer of user authentication and configuration information between devices and servers on a network.\n\nHow RADIUS Works\n----------------\n\nRADIUS uses the User Datagram Protocol (UDP) for communication between the client and the server. When a user attempts to connect to a network, the client (like a VPN server or wireless access point) forwards the authentication request to the RADIUS server. The server then checks the user's credentials against its user database or forwards the request to another authentication server.\n\nUpon successful authentication, the RADIUS server sends back an **Access-Accept** message, as well as user-specific access policies (such as VLAN assignments or firewall rules). If the authentication fails, the server sends an **Access-Reject** message. Additionally, RADIUS tracks and reports user activity, making it responsible for the accounting aspect of AAA.\n\nBenefits of RADIUS\n------------------\n\n*   **Centralized Management**: RADIUS allows administrators to manage user authentication and policies from a central location. This significantly simplifies the management of large and diverse networks.\n    \n*   **Scalability**: RADIUS servers can manage authentication for thousands of users and devices, making it well-suited for large organizations.\n    \n*   **Flexibility**: Being a widely adopted standard, RADIUS is compatible with various devices, such as routers, switches, VPN gateways, and wireless access points. It also allows for integration with other authentication services, like LDAP or Active Directory.\n    \n*   **Security**: RADIUS encrypts passwords during transmission, minimizing risks associated with data breaches. Additionally, it can enforce various access policies to further strengthen network security.\n    \n\nRADIUS vs. TACACS+\n------------------\n\nAnother popular AAA protocol is Terminal Access Controller Access-Control System Plus (TACACS+). While both RADIUS and TACACS+ provide similar functionality, there are notable differences:\n\n*   RADIUS combines authentication and authorization, while TACACS+ separates them, allowing for greater flexibility and more granular control.\n*   RADIUS uses UDP for communication, whereas TACACS+ uses TCP, ensuring reliable and ordered delivery of packets.\n*   TACACS+ encrypts the entire payload, while RADIUS only encrypts the password.\n\nOrganizations may choose between RADIUS and TACACS+ based on their specific requirements, network setup, and device compatibility.\n\nIn conclusion, RADIUS plays a crucial role in implementing a robust and efficient AAA framework, simplifying network administration while ensuring security and compliance.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "WXRaVCYwuGQsjJ5wyvbea": {
+    "title": "Certificates",
+    "description": "Certificates, also known as digital certificates or SSL/TLS certificates, play a crucial role in the world of cybersecurity. They help secure communications between clients and servers over the internet, ensuring that sensitive data remains confidential and protected from prying eyes.\n\nWhat is a Certificate?\n----------------------\n\nA digital certificate is an electronic document that uses a digital signature to bind a public key with a specific identity, such as a website domain or an organization. It contains information about the certificate holder, the certificate's validity period, and the public key of the entity that the certificate represents.\n\nCertificate Authorities (CAs)\n-----------------------------\n\nCertificates are issued and signed by trusted third-party organizations called Certificate Authorities (CAs). CAs are responsible for verifying the authenticity of organizations or individuals making the request and ensuring that they, indeed, own the domain for which the certificate is issued.\n\nSome well-known CAs include:\n\n*   DigiCert\n*   Let's Encrypt\n*   GlobalSign\n*   Sectigo (formerly Comodo)\n*   Entrust\n\nTypes of Certificates\n---------------------\n\nDifferent types of certificates serve different purposes and offer varying levels of validation:\n\n*   **Domain Validation (DV)**: These certificates validate the ownership of the domain but do not contain any information about the organization that owns it. DV certificates offer a basic level of security and are suitable for websites that don't process sensitive data, such as blogs or portfolio sites.\n*   **Organization Validation (OV)**: OV certificates verify the ownership of the domain and contain information about the organization that owns it. This type of certificate provides an enhanced level of trust and is recommended for business websites where users need to know the identity of the organization they are dealing with.\n*   **Extended Validation (EV)**: EV certificates provide the highest level of identity validation by conducting a rigorous verification process that involves checking the organization's legal status, physical presence, and domain ownership. Websites with an EV certificate display a green padlock or bar in the browser address bar, increasing user trust and confidence.\n\nImportance of Certificates\n--------------------------\n\nDigital certificates offer various benefits in the realm of cybersecurity, such as:\n\n*   **Authentication**: Certificates help to establish the authenticity of a domain or an organization, allowing users to trust that they are communicating with a legitimate entity.\n*   **Encryption**: By using public key encryption, certificates enable secure communication between clients and servers, protecting sensitive data from being intercepted by malicious actors.\n*   **Integrity**: Certificates ensure that the data transferred between parties remains intact and unaltered during transmission, preventing tampering or manipulation by malicious actors.\n*   **Trust**: With the assurance that a website has a valid certificate from a trusted CA, users are more likely to trust and engage with the site, leading to increased conversion rates and customer loyalty.\n\nConclusion\n----------\n\nDigital certificates provide a crucial layer of security and trust for online communications. Understanding their role in cybersecurity, the different types of certificates, and the importance of acquiring certificates from trusted CAs can greatly enhance your organization's online security posture and reputation.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "vYvFuz7lAJXZ1vK_4999a": {
+    "title": "Local Auth",
+    "description": "In this section, we will discuss local authentication, which is a crucial aspect of ensuring the security of your computer systems and networks.\n\nWhat is Local Authentication?\n-----------------------------\n\nLocal authentication is the process of verifying a user's identity on a single, isolated system, such as a computer or a server. It refers to the direct checking of user credentials (such as username and password) against a locally stored database, instead of relying on a centralized authentication service.\n\nHow Does Local Authentication Work?\n-----------------------------------\n\nIn a local authentication setup, user and password information is stored on the same system where authentication takes place. When a user attempts to log in, the system checks the provided credentials against the stored data. If they match, access is granted, otherwise, it is denied.\n\nHere is a high-level overview of how local authentication works:\n\n*   User attempts to log in by entering their credentials, typically a username and password.\n*   System checks the provided credentials against a local database.\n*   If the credentials match an entry in the database, access is granted to the user.\n*   If the credentials do not match any entries in the database, access is denied and an error message is displayed.\n\nAdvantages and Disadvantages of Local Authentication\n----------------------------------------------------\n\nAdvantages\n----------\n\n*   **Simplicity**: Local authentication is simple to set up, as it doesn't require any external authentication services or additional infrastructure.\n*   **No Dependency on Internet Connectivity**: Since user credentials are stored locally, users can still authenticate even if there is no internet connection.\n\nDisadvantages\n-------------\n\n*   **Scalability**: Managing and maintaining user accounts on individual systems becomes difficult when the number of systems and users increases.\n*   **Increased Risk**: Information about user accounts, including passwords, may be stored in plain text, making them vulnerable to unauthorized access.\n*   **Incomplete Security**: Local authentication alone may not provide sufficient security to protect sensitive information, necessitating the use of additional security measures such as secure socket layer (SSL) and two-factor authentication (2FA).\n\nBest Practices for Local Authentication\n---------------------------------------\n\nTo ensure the security of your system while using local authentication:\n\n*   Always use strong, unique passwords for each user account.\n*   Regularly update and patch the system to keep it secure against known vulnerabilities.\n*   Consider implementing additional security measures, such as encryption, to protect sensitive data.\n*   Periodically review user accounts to ensure they have the appropriate access privileges and are no longer needed.\n*   Implement logs and monitoring to detect any suspicious activity on your system relating to user authentication.\n\nIn conclusion, local authentication can be an effective method for authenticating users on a single system. However, it is important to be aware of its limitations and make sure to implement additional security measures when necessary to keep your data safe.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "_hYN0gEi9BL24nptEtXWU": {
+    "title": "Security Skills and Knowledge",
+    "description": "In the constantly evolving world of cyber security, it is essential for professionals to stay updated with the latest skills and knowledge. This allows them to proactively defend against emerging threats, maintain secure systems, and create a robust security posture. Here's a brief summary of the essential security skills and knowledge you should possess:\n\nUnderstanding of Security Fundamentals\n--------------------------------------\n\nAn in-depth understanding of the fundamental concepts of cyber security is crucial, which includes:\n\n*   Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability (CIA) triad\n*   Risk management\n*   Security policies and best practices\n*   Authentication, authorization, and access control\n*   Cryptography\n\nNetworking\n----------\n\nA strong grasp of networking concepts is required to identify and prevent potential threats. Develop a comprehensive knowledge of:\n\n*   Networking protocols, standards, and devices (e.g., switches, routers, and firewalls)\n*   Network architecture and design\n*   Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) and Virtual Local Area Networks (VLANs)\n\nOperating Systems and Application Security\n------------------------------------------\n\nWell-rounded knowledge of various operating systems (e.g., Windows, Linux, macOS) and applications, as well as:\n\n*   Security configuration best practices\n*   Patch management\n*   Denial-of-service prevention\n*   Privileged user management\n\nWeb Security\n------------\n\nWeb security expertise is necessary for maintaining a secure online presence. Key knowledge areas include:\n\n*   Web application vulnerabilities (e.g., SQL injection, XSS)\n*   Secure web protocols (e.g., HTTP Secure, Transport Layer Security)\n*   Content Security Policy (CSP) and other defensive mechanisms\n\nSecurity Testing\n----------------\n\nFamiliarity with testing methodologies, tools, and frameworks is essential for identifying and mitigating vulnerabilities. Acquire competency in:\n\n*   Vulnerability scanning and penetration testing\n*   Security testing best practices (e.g., OWASP Top Ten)\n*   Static and dynamic code analysis tools\n\nIncident Response and Forensic Analysis\n---------------------------------------\n\nLearn to handle security incidents and conduct investigations to minimize the impact of cyber threats. Enhance knowledge of:\n\n*   Security incident containment and response strategies\n*   Digital forensic tools and techniques\n*   Regulatory requirements and legal implications of cyber incidents\n\nCloud Security\n--------------\n\nCloud platforms are becoming increasingly prevalent, making it necessary to understand cloud security best practices, including:\n\n*   Cloud-specific risks and vulnerabilities\n*   Implementing proper access control and identity management\n*   Compliance in cloud environments\n\nSoft Skills\n-----------\n\nIn addition to technical skills, soft skills play an important role in effective communication and collaboration among cyber security teams. Develop:\n\n*   Problem-solving ability\n*   Adaptability and continuous learning\n*   Teamwork and collaboration\n\nBy continually refining and updating your security skills and knowledge, you become an invaluable asset in the rapidly evolving field of cyber security, helping to protect critical systems and data from ever-increasing threats.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "rzY_QsvnC1shDTPQ-til0": {
+    "title": "Understand Common Hacking Tools",
+    "description": "Common Hacking Tools\n--------------------\n\nAs you journey into the world of cyber security, it is essential to be familiar with common hacking tools used by cyber criminals. These tools help hackers exploit vulnerabilities in systems and networks, but they can also be used ethically by security professionals to test their own networks and systems for vulnerabilities. Below is a brief overview of some common hacking tools:\n\nNmap (Network Mapper)\n---------------------\n\nNmap is a popular open-source network scanner used by cyber security professionals and hackers alike to discover hosts and services on a network. It helps identify hosts, open ports, running services, OS types, and many other details. It is particularly useful for network inventorying and security audits.\n\nWireshark\n---------\n\nWireshark is another open-source tool used for network analysis and troubleshooting. It allows the user to capture and analyze the traffic that is being transmitted through a network. It helps identify any suspicious activity, such as malware communication or unauthorized access attempts.\n\nMetasploit\n----------\n\nMetasploit is a powerful penetration testing framework that covers a wide range of exploits and vulnerabilities. With a customizable and extensible set of tools, Metasploit is particularly useful for simulating real-world cyber attacks and helps identify where your system is most vulnerable.\n\nJohn the Ripper\n---------------\n\nJohn the Ripper is a well-known password cracker tool, which can be used to identify weak passwords and test password security. It supports various encryption algorithms and can also be used for identifying hashes.\n\nBurp Suite\n----------\n\nBurp Suite is a web application security testing tool, mainly used to test for vulnerabilities in web applications. It includes tools for intercepting and modifying the requests, automating tests, scanning, and much more.\n\nAircrack-ng\n-----------\n\nAircrack-ng is a set of tools targeting Wi-Fi security. It includes tools for capturing and analyzing network packets, cracking Wi-Fi passwords, and testing the overall security of wireless networks.\n\nKali Linux\n----------\n\nKali Linux is a Linux distribution, specifically built for penetration testing and security auditing. It comes preinstalled with a wide range of hacking tools and is commonly used by ethical hackers and security professionals.\n\nKeep in mind that while these tools are commonly used by hackers, they can also be employed ethically by security professionals to understand and address vulnerabilities in their own systems. The key is to use them responsibly and always seek permission before testing any network or system that does not belong to you.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "Lg7mz4zeCToEzZBFxYuaU": {
+    "title": "Understand Common Exploit Frameworks",
+    "description": "Exploit frameworks are essential tools in the cybersecurity landscape, as they provide a systematic and efficient way to test vulnerabilities, develop exploits, and launch attacks. They automate many tasks and help security professionals and ethical hackers to identify weaknesses, simulate attacks, and strengthen defenses. In this section, we will discuss some of the most common exploit frameworks and their features.\n\nMetasploit\n----------\n\n[Metasploit](https://www.metasploit.com/) is probably the most widely used and well-known exploit framework. It is an open-source platform with a large and active user community, which constantly contributes to its development, vulnerability research, and exploit creation.\n\n*   **Key Features:**\n    *   Supports more than 1,500 exploits and over 3,000 modules\n    *   Provides a command-line interface as well as a Graphical User Interface (GUI) called Armitage\n    *   Offers integration with other popular tools, such as Nmap and Nessus\n    *   Enables payload delivery, exploit execution, and post-exploitation tasks\n\nCanvas\n------\n\n[Canvas](https://www.immunityinc.com/products/canvas/) is a commercial exploit framework developed by Immunity Inc. It includes a wide range of modules that target various platforms, networking devices, and vulnerabilities.\n\n*   **Key Features:**\n    *   Contains a collection of more than 450 exploits\n    *   Offers exploit development and fuzzing tools\n    *   Provides intuitive GUI for managing and executing attacks\n    *   Allows customization through Python scripting\n\nExploit Pack\n------------\n\n[Exploit Pack](https://exploitpack.com/) is another commercial exploit framework that focuses on ease of use and extensive exploit modules selection. It is frequently updated to include the latest exploits and vulnerabilities.\n\n*   **Key Features:**\n    *   Offers over 38,000 exploits for Windows, Linux, macOS, and other platforms\n    *   Provides a GUI for managing and executing exploits\n    *   Allows exploit customization and development using JavaScript\n    *   Includes fuzzers, shellcode generators, and other advanced features\n\nSocial-Engineer Toolkit (SET)\n-----------------------------\n\n[SET](https://github.com/trustedsec/social-engineer-toolkit) is an open-source framework designed to perform social engineering attacks, such as phishing and spear-phishing. Developed by TrustedSec, it focuses on human interaction and targets user credentials, software vulnerabilities, and more.\n\n*   **Key Features:**\n    *   Executes email-based attacks, SMS-based attacks, and URL shortening/exploitation\n    *   Provides template-based phishing email creation\n    *   Integrates with Metasploit for payloads and exploits\n    *   Offers USB-based exploitation for human-interface devices\n\nWhen using these exploit frameworks, it is important to remember that they are powerful tools that can cause significant damage if misused. Always ensure that you have explicit permission from the target organization before conducting any penetration testing activities.",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Metasploit Primer (TryHackMe)",
+        "url": "https://tryhackme.com/room/rpmetasploit",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "Rae-f9DHDZuwIwW6eRtKF": {
+    "title": "Understand Concept of Defense in Depth",
+    "description": "Defense in depth, also known as layered security, is a comprehensive approach to cybersecurity that involves implementing multiple layers of protection to safeguard an organization's assets, networks, and systems. This strategy is based on the concept that no single security measure can guarantee complete protection; therefore, a series of defensive mechanisms are employed to ensure that even if one layer is breached, the remaining layers will continue to provide protection.\n\nIn this section, we'll explore some key aspects of defense in depth:\n\nMultiple Layers of Security\n---------------------------\n\nDefense in depth is built upon the integration of various security measures, which may include:\n\n*   **Physical security**: Protecting the organization's facilities and hardware from unauthorized access or damage.\n*   **Access control**: Managing permissions to limit users' access to specific resources or data.\n*   **Antivirus software**: Detecting, removing, and preventing malware infections.\n*   **Firewalls**: Filtering network traffic to block or permit data communication based on predefined rules.\n*   **Intrusion Detection and Prevention Systems (IDPS)**: Monitoring and analyzing network traffic to detect and prevent intrusions and malicious activities.\n*   **Data backup and recovery**: Ensuring the organization's data is regularly backed up and can be fully restored in case of loss or accidental deletion.\n*   **Encryption**: Encoding sensitive data to protect it from unauthorized access or theft.\n\nImplementing these layers allows organizations to minimize the risk of cybersecurity breaches, and in the event of an incident, quickly and effectively respond and recover.\n\nContinuous Monitoring and Assessment\n------------------------------------\n\nEffective defense in depth requires continuous monitoring and assessment of an organization's overall security posture. This involves:\n\n*   Regularly reviewing and updating security policies and procedures.\n*   Conducting security awareness training to educate employees on potential threats and best practices.\n*   Performing vulnerability assessments and penetration testing to identify weaknesses in systems and networks.\n*   Implementing incident response plans to ensure swift action in the event of a security breach.\n\nCollaboration and Information Sharing\n-------------------------------------\n\nDefense in depth benefits greatly from collaboration between various stakeholders, such as IT departments, security teams, and business leaders, all working together to maintain and improve the organization's security posture.\n\nIn addition, sharing information about threats and vulnerabilities with other organizations, industry associations, and law enforcement agencies can help strengthen the collective security of all parties involved.\n\nIn summary, defense in depth involves the implementation of multiple layers of security measures, continuous monitoring, and collaboration to protect an organization's valuable assets from cyber threats. By adopting this approach, organizations can minimize the risk of a breach and improve their overall cybersecurity posture.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "Ec6EairjFJLCHc7b-1xxe": {
+    "title": "Understand Concept of Runbooks",
+    "description": "Runbooks are a type of written documentation that details a step-by-step procedure for addressing a specific cyber security issue or incident. They are essential resources that help IT professionals and security teams streamline their response and management of security incidents.\n\nImportance of Runbooks in Cyber Security\n----------------------------------------\n\nRunbooks play a vital role in fortifying an organization's security posture. Here are some reasons why they are important:\n\n*   **Standardization**: Runbooks help standardize the process of responding to security incidents, ensuring that the organization follows best practices and avoids potential mistakes.\n*   **Efficiency**: Well-prepared runbooks provide clear instructions, which save time and reduce confusion during high-pressure security events.\n*   **Knowledge sharing**: They act as a centralized source of knowledge for security procedures that can be shared across teams and can be used for training purposes.\n*   **Auditing and compliance**: Runbooks showcase an organization's commitment to robust security practices, which can be critical for meeting regulatory requirements and passing security audits.\n\nComponents of a Good Runbook\n----------------------------\n\nHere are key components that make up an effective runbook:\n\n*   **Title**: Clearly state the purpose of the runbook (e.g., \"Responding to a Ransomware Attack\").\n*   **Scope**: Define the types of incidents or situations the runbook should be used for and the intended audience (e.g., for all team members dealing with data breaches).\n*   **Prerequisites**: List any required resources or tools needed to execute the runbook's instructions.\n*   **Step-by-step Instructions**: Provide a clear, concise, and accurate set of tasks to be performed, starting from the detection of the incident to its resolution.\n*   **Roles and Responsibilities**: Define the roles of each team member involved in executing the runbook, including their responsibilities during each step of the process.\n*   **Escalation**: Include a predefined set of conditions for escalating the situation to higher authorities or external support.\n*   **Communication and reporting**: Explain how to communicate the incident to the relevant stakeholders and what information needs to be reported.\n*   **Post-incident review**: Outline the process for reviewing and improving the runbook and the overall incident response after an event has been resolved.\n\nUpdating and Maintaining Runbooks\n---------------------------------\n\nRunbooks should be periodically reviewed and updated to ensure their effectiveness. It is important to incorporate lessons learned from past incidents, emerging threats, and new technologies into the runbook to keep it relevant and effective.\n\nIn conclusion, runbooks play a crucial role in fostering a resilient cyber security posture. Organizations should invest time and effort in developing and maintaining comprehensive runbooks for dealing with a wide range of security incidents.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "7KLGFfco-hw7a62kXtS3d": {
+    "title": "Understand Basics of Forensics",
+    "description": "**Forensics** is a specialized area within cybersecurity that deals with the investigation of cyber incidents, the collection, preservation, and analysis of digital evidence, and the efforts to tie this evidence to specific cyber actors. The main goal of digital forensics is to identify the cause of an incident, determine the extent of the damage, and provide necessary information to recover and prevent future attacks. This discipline typically involves several key steps:\n\n*   **Preparation**: Developing a forensic strategy, setting up a secure laboratory environment, and ensuring the forensics team has the necessary skills and tools.\n*   **Identification**: Determining the scope of the investigation, locating and identifying the digital evidence, and documenting any relevant information.\n*   **Preservation**: Ensuring the integrity of the digital evidence is maintained by creating backups, securing storage, and applying legal and ethical guidelines.\n*   **Analysis**: Examining the digital evidence using specialized tools and techniques to extract relevant information, identify patterns, and uncover hidden details.\n*   **Reporting**: Compiling the findings of the investigation into a report that provides actionable insights, including the identification of cyber actors, the methods used, and the damage caused.\n\nProfessionals working in digital forensics need a solid understanding of various technologies, as well as the ability to think critically, be detail-oriented, and maintain the integrity and confidentiality of data. Moreover, they should be well-versed in related laws and regulations to ensure compliance and admissibility of evidence in legal proceedings. Some of the key skills to master include:\n\n*   Knowledge of digital evidence collection and preservation techniques\n*   Familiarity with forensic tools and software, such as EnCase, FTK, or Autopsy\n*   Understanding of file systems, operating systems, and network protocols\n*   Knowledge of malware analysis and reverse engineering\n*   Strong analytical and problem-solving skills\n*   Effective communication abilities to convey technical findings to non-technical stakeholders\n\nOverall, digital forensics is a crucial component of cybersecurity as it helps organizations respond effectively to cyber attacks, identify vulnerabilities, and take appropriate steps to safeguard their digital assets.",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Introduction to Digital Forensics (TryHackMe)",
+        "url": "https://tryhackme.com/room/introdigitalforensics",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "_x3BgX93N-Pt1_JK7wk0p": {
+    "title": "Basics and Concepts of Threat Hunting",
+    "description": "Threat hunting is the proactive process of identifying and mitigating potential threats and vulnerabilities within a network, before they can be exploited by an attacker. To perform effective threat hunting, security professionals must use their knowledge, skills, and the latest threat intelligence to actively search for previously undetected adversaries and suspicious activities within a network.\n\nKey Objectives of Threat Hunting\n--------------------------------\n\n*   **Detect**: Identify unknown threats and suspicious behavior that traditional security tools may miss.\n*   **Contain**: Quickly isolate and remediate threats before they can cause significant damage.\n*   **Learn**: Gather valuable insights about the adversary, their techniques, and the effectiveness of existing security measures.\n\nThreat Hunting Techniques\n-------------------------\n\nThere are several practical approaches to threat hunting, such as:\n\n*   **Hypothesis-driven hunting**: Develop hypotheses about potential threats and validate them through data analysis and investigation.\n*   **Indicator of Compromise (IoC) hunting**: Leverage existing threat intelligence and IoCs to search for matches within your environment.\n*   **Machine learning-driven hunting**: Utilize algorithms and advanced analytics tools to automatically detect anomalies and other suspicious patterns of behavior.\n*   **Situational awareness hunting**: Understand the normal behavior and baseline of the environment and look for deviations that may indicate malicious activity.\n\nTools & Technologies for Threat Hunting\n---------------------------------------\n\nSome common tools and technologies used for threat hunting include:\n\n*   **Security information and event management (SIEM) systems**: Provide a centralized platform for detecting, alerting, and investigating security incidents and events.\n*   **Endpoint detection and response (EDR) solutions**: Deliver real-time monitoring, analysis, and remediation capabilities for endpoints.\n*   **Threat intelligence platforms (TIPs)**: Aggregate and analyze global threat data and indicators of compromise (IoC) to provide actionable intelligence.\n*   **User and entity behavior analytics (UEBA) tools**: Apply advanced analytics algorithms to detect potential threats by analyzing the behavior of users, devices, and applications.\n\nEssential Skills for Threat Hunters\n-----------------------------------\n\nSuccessful threat hunters should possess a strong combination of technical skills, critical thinking, and situational awareness. Some essential skills include:\n\n*   **Understanding of networks and protocols**: Deep knowledge of network architecture, protocols, and communication patterns.\n*   **Familiarity with operating systems**: Ability to navigate, investigate, and analyze various operating systems, including Windows, Linux, and macOS.\n*   **Scripting and programming**: Proficiency in scripting languages (e.g., Python, PowerShell) and automation tools to streamline the threat hunting process.\n*   **Knowledge of common attacker tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTPs)**: Awareness of the latest TTPs, ensuring that you stay ahead of potential threats.\n*   **Critical thinking and problem-solving**: Ability to analyze complex scenarios and think creatively to identify potential threats and vulnerabilities.\n\nBy developing a strong foundation in threat hunting concepts and techniques, security professionals are better equipped to proactively identify and mitigate potential attacks, thereby strengthening their organization's overall cybersecurity posture.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "lcxAXtO6LoGd85nOFnLo8": {
+    "title": "Basics of Vulnerability Management",
+    "description": "Vulnerability management is a crucial aspect of cybersecurity, as it helps organizations to identify, prioritize, and remediate potential risks in their networks, systems, and applications. It involves continuous processes and practices designed to protect sensitive data by reducing the attack surface and minimizing the likelihood of a breach.\n\nImportance of Vulnerability Management\n--------------------------------------\n\n*   **Prevent cyberattacks**: By addressing vulnerabilities before they can be exploited, organizations reduce the chances of successful attacks and protect their critical assets.\n*   **Comply with regulations**: Organizations must adhere to various data protection standards and regulations, such as GDPR, HIPAA, or PCI DSS. A robust vulnerability management program can help meet these requirements.\n*   **Maintain customer trust**: Frequent security breaches can lead to reputational damages, making it vital to prioritize vulnerability management as a means to safeguard customer data.\n*   **Save costs**: Proactively identifying and mitigating vulnerabilities reduces the financial implications of dealing with a security breach, including the costs of incident response, legal liabilities, and penalties.\n\nComponents of Vulnerability Management\n--------------------------------------\n\n*   **Vulnerability Assessment**: Regular vulnerability assessments are essential to identify security weaknesses. This includes scanning networks, system components, software, and applications to identify existing vulnerabilities.\n    \n*   **Risk Analysis**: After identifying vulnerabilities, it is essential to assess their potential risks. This involves determining the likelihood and impact of each vulnerability, prioritizing them based on severity, and deciding which vulnerabilities to address first.\n    \n*   **Remediation**: The remediation process involves implementing patches, updates, or configuration changes to address the identified vulnerabilities. It is crucial to regularly review and ensure that patches have been applied effectively to prevent further exploitation.\n    \n*   **Verification**: After remediation, organizations must verify that the implemented solutions have effectively eliminated the risk posed by the vulnerability. Verification processes may include re-scanning and penetration testing.\n    \n*   **Reporting**: Maintaining comprehensive and accurate records of vulnerability management activities is essential for regulatory compliance and informing key stakeholders about the organization's security posture. Regular reporting can also aid in identifying problem areas and trends, allowing decision-makers to allocate resources and plan accordingly.\n    \n\nBy implementing a thorough vulnerability management program, organizations can significantly reduce their risk exposure and improve their overall cybersecurity posture. In today's digital landscape, proactively managing vulnerabilities is a critical step in safeguarding sensitive information and maintaining customer trust.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "uoGA4T_-c-2ip_zfEUcJJ": {
+    "title": "Basics of Reverse Engineering",
+    "description": "Reverse engineering is the process of analyzing a system, component, or software to understand how it works and deduce its design, architecture, or functionality. It is a critical skill in cybersecurity, as it helps security professionals uncover the potential attack vectors, hidden vulnerabilities, and underlying intentions of a piece of software or hardware.\n\nIn this section, we will cover the basic concepts and techniques of reverse engineering that every cybersecurity professional should be familiar with.\n\nStatic Analysis Vs. Dynamic Analysis\n------------------------------------\n\nThere are two main approaches to reverse engineering: static analysis and dynamic analysis. Static analysis involves examining the code and structure of a software without executing it. This includes analyzing the source code, if available, or examining the binary executable using disassemblers or decompilers.\n\nDynamic analysis, on the other hand, involves executing the software while observing and monitoring its behaviors and interactions with other components or systems. This analysis is typically performed in controlled environments, such as virtual machines or sandbox environments, to minimize potential risks.\n\nBoth approaches have their merits and limitations, and combining them is often the most effective way to gain a comprehensive understanding of the target system.\n\nDisassemblers and Decompilers\n-----------------------------\n\nDisassemblers and decompilers are essential tools in reverse engineering, as they help transform binary executables into a more human-readable format.\n\n*   **Disassemblers** convert machine code (binary executable) into assembly language, a low-level programming language that is more human-readable than raw machine code. Assembly languages are specific to the CPU architectures, such as x86, ARM, or MIPS.\n*   **Decompilers** attempt to reverse-engineer binary executables into high-level programming languages, such as C or C++, by interpreting the structures and patterns in the assembly code. Decompilation, however, is not always perfect and may generate code that is more difficult to understand than assembly.\n\nSome popular disassemblers and decompilers are:\n\n*   [@article@IDA Pro](https://www.hex-rays.com/products/ida/)\n*   [@article@Ghidra](https://ghidra-sre.org/)\n*   [@article@Hopper](https://www.hopperapp.com/)\n\nDebuggers\n---------\n\nDebuggers are another essential tool for reverse engineering, as they allow you to execute a program and closely monitor its behavior during runtime. Debuggers provide features such as setting breakpoints, stepping through code, and examining memory contents.\n\nSome popular debuggers include:\n\nCommon Reverse Engineering Techniques\n-------------------------------------\n\nHere are some basic reverse engineering techniques:\n\n*   **Control flow analysis:** Understanding the execution flow of a program, such as loops, branches, and conditional statements, to determine how the program behaves under certain conditions.\n*   **Data flow analysis:** Analyzing how data is passed between different parts of a program and tracing the origin and destination of data.\n*   **System call analysis:** Examining system calls made by a program to understand how it interacts with the operating system, hardware, or external resources.\n*   **Cryptographic analysis:** Identifying and analyzing encryption and decryption algorithms used within a program or analyzing any cryptographic keys or certificates that may be present.\n*   **Pattern recognition:** Identifying common patterns, structures, or routines in code that may indicate the use of known algorithms or frameworks.\n\nRemember that mastering the art of reverse engineering takes time and practice. As you delve deeper into the world of reverse engineering, you will develop the ability to recognize patterns, understand complex systems, and ultimately, better defend against cyber threats.",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "OllyDbg",
+        "url": "http://www.ollydbg.de/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "GDB",
+        "url": "https://www.gnu.org/software/gdb/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "x64dbg",
+        "url": "https://x64dbg.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "NkAAQikwH-A6vrF8fWpuB": {
+    "title": "Penetration Testing Rules of Engagement",
+    "description": "Penetration testing, also known as ethical hacking, is an essential component of a strong cybersecurity program. Rules of engagement (RoE) for penetration testing define the scope, boundaries, and guidelines for conducting a successful penetration test. These rules are crucial to ensure lawful, efficient, and safe testing.\n\nKey Components\n--------------\n\n*   **Scope**: The primary objective of defining a scope is to reasonably limit the testing areas. It specifies the systems, networks, or applications to be tested (in-scope) and those to be excluded (out-of-scope). Additionally, the scope should indicate testing methodologies, objectives, and timeframes.\n    \n*   **Authorization**: Penetration testing must be authorized by the organization's management or the system owner. Proper authorization ensures the testing is legitimate, lawful, and compliant with organizational policies. Obtain written permission, detail authorization parameters, and report concerns or issues that may arise during the test.\n    \n*   **Communication**: Establish a clear communication plan to ensure timely and accurate information exchange between penetration testers and stakeholders. Designate primary contacts and a secondary point of contact for escalations, emergencies or incident handling. Document the preferred communication channels and establish reporting protocols.\n    \n*   **Testing Approach**: Select an appropriate testing approach, such as black-box, white-box, or grey-box testing, depending on the objectives and available information. Clarify which penetration testing methodologies will be utilized (e.g., OSSTMM, OWASP, PTES) and specify whether automated tools, manual techniques, or both will be used during the test.\n    \n*   **Legal & Regulatory Compliance**: Comply with applicable laws, regulations, and industry standards (e.g., GDPR, PCI-DSS, HIPAA) to prevent violations and potential penalties. Seek legal advice if necessary and ensure all parties involved are aware of the regulations governing their specific domain.\n    \n*   **Rules of Engagement Document**: Formalize all rules in a written document and have it signed by all relevant parties (e.g., system owner, penetration tester, legal advisor). This document should include information such as scope, approach, communication guidelines, and restrictions on testing techniques. Keep it as a reference for incident handling and accountability during the test.\n    \n\nIn conclusion, robust penetration rules of engagement not only help identify potential security vulnerabilities in your organization but also ensure that the testing process is transparent and compliant. Establishing RoE is necessary to minimize the risk of legal issues, miscommunications, and disruptions to the organization's routine operations.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "PUgPgpKio4Npzs86qEXa7": {
+    "title": "Perimiter vs DMZ vs Segmentation",
+    "description": "Perimeter and DMZ (Demilitarized Zone) segmentation is a crucial aspect of network security that helps protect internal networks by isolating them from external threats. In this section, we will discuss the concepts of perimeter and DMZ segmentation, and how they can be used to enhance the security of your organization.\n\nPerimeter Segmentation\n----------------------\n\nPerimeter segmentation is a network security technique that involves isolating an organization's internal networks from the external, untrusted network (typically the internet). The goal is to create a protective barrier to limit the access of external attackers to the internal network, and minimize the risk of data breaches and other security threats.\n\nTo achieve this, perimeter segmentation typically involves the use of network security appliances such as firewalls, intrusion detection systems (IDS), and intrusion prevention systems (IPS). These devices act as gatekeepers, enforcing security policies and filtering network traffic to protect the internal network from malicious activity.\n\nDMZ Segmentation\n----------------\n\nThe DMZ is a specially isolated part of the network situated between the internal network and the untrusted external network. DMZ segmentation involves creating a separate, secure area for hosting public-facing services (such as web servers, mail servers, and application servers) that need to be accessible to external users.\n\nThe primary purpose of the DMZ is to provide an additional layer of protection for internal networks. By keeping public-facing services in the DMZ and isolated from the internal network, you can prevent external threats from directly targeting your organization's most sensitive assets.\n\nTo implement a DMZ in your network, you can use devices such as firewalls, routers, or dedicated network security appliances. Properly configured security policies and access controls help ensure that only authorized traffic flows between the DMZ and the internal network, while still allowing necessary external access to the DMZ services.\n\nKey Takeaways\n-------------\n\n*   Perimeter and DMZ segmentation are crucial security techniques that help protect internal networks from external threats.\n*   Perimeter segmentation involves isolating an organization's internal networks from the untrusted external network, typically using security appliances such as firewalls, IDS, and IPS.\n*   DMZ segmentation involves creating a separate, secure area within the network for hosting public-facing services that need to be accessible to external users while maintaining additional security for internal assets.\n*   Implementing proper network segmentation and security policies can significantly reduce the risk of data breaches and other security threats.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "HavEL0u65ZxHt92TfbLzk": {
+    "title": "Core Concepts of Zero Trust",
+    "description": "_Zero Trust_ is a modern security framework that addresses the ever-evolving threat landscape in the digital world. It emphasizes the idea of \"never trust, always verify\". This approach requires organizations to abandon the traditional perimeter-based security models and adopt a more comprehensive, holistic approach to protecting their data and assets.\n\nCore Principles\n---------------\n\n*   **Deny trust by default**: Assume all network traffic, both inside and outside the organization, is potentially malicious. Do not trust any user, device, or application just because they are within the network perimeter.\n    \n*   **Verify every request**: Authenticate and authorize all requests (even for those from within the network) before granting access to any resource. Ensure that each user, device, or application is properly identified, and their access to resources is appropriate based on their role, rights, and privileges.\n    \n*   **Apply least privilege**: Limit users, applications, and devices to the minimum level of access required to perform their functions. This minimizes the risk of unauthorized access, and reduces the potential attack surface.\n    \n*   **Segment networks**: Isolate and segregate different parts of the network to limit the potential impact of a breach. If an attacker gains access to one segment, they should not be able to move laterally across the network and access other sensitive data.\n    \n*   **Inspect and log all traffic**: Actively monitor, analyze, and log network traffic to identify potential security incidents and perform forensic investigations. This provides valuable insights for security teams to continuously improve their security posture and detect early signs of malicious activities.\n    \n\nBenefits\n--------\n\n*   **Reduced attack surface**: Limiting access to sensitive resources and segmenting the network makes it more challenging for attackers to compromise systems and access valuable data.\n    \n*   **Enhanced visibility and monitoring**: By continuously inspecting and logging all traffic, security teams can gain unprecedented levels of visibility, helping them identify potential threats and attacks more effectively.\n    \n*   **Improved compliance and governance**: Implementing a Zero Trust model reinforces an organization's compliance and governance posture, ensuring access to sensitive data is only granted to authorized users.\n    \n*   **Adaptability**: A Zero Trust approach can be applied to a wide range of environments and can be tailored to meet the specific security needs and objectives of an organization.\n    \n\nBy implementing a Zero Trust framework, an organization can strengthen its security posture, safeguard against internal and external threats, and maintain control over their critical assets in an increasingly interconnected world.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "kqT0FRLt9Ak9P8PhHldO-": {
+    "title": "Roles of Compliance and Auditors",
+    "description": "Compliance and auditors play a crucial role in maintaining the security and integrity of any organization's digital infrastructure. They ensure that organizations follow industry-specific regulations, international standards, and defined security policies to reduce the risk of security breaches and protect sensitive data.\n\nCompliance\n----------\n\nCompliance refers to adhering to a set of rules, regulations, and best practices defined by industry standards, government regulations, or an organization's internal security policies. These may include:\n\n*   **Industry Standards**: Security standards specific to an industry, e.g., _Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard (PCI DSS)_ for companies handling credit card transactions.\n*   **Government Regulations**: Rules defined at a national or regional level to ensure the protection of sensitive information, e.g., _General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)_ in the European Union.\n*   **Internal Security Policies**: Guidelines and procedures created by an organization to manage its digital infrastructure and data securely.\n\nAuditors\n--------\n\nAuditors, specifically cybersecurity auditors or information system auditors, are responsible for evaluating and verifying an organization's compliance with relevant regulations and standards. They perform rigorous assessments, suggest corrective actions, and prepare detailed reports highlighting discrepancies and vulnerabilities in the organization's information systems. Some key responsibilities of auditors include:\n\n*   **Assessment**: Conduct comprehensive reviews of security policies, procedures, and controls in place. This may involve evaluating the effectiveness of firewalls, security software, and network configurations.\n*   **Risk Management**: Identify and evaluate potential risks and vulnerabilities to an organization's digital infrastructure, such as data breaches, cyber-attacks, or human errors.\n*   **Documentation**: Prepare detailed reports highlighting findings, recommendations, and corrective actions. This may include a list of vulnerabilities, compliance gaps, and improvement suggestions.\n*   **Consultation**: Provide expert advice and technical guidance to management and IT teams to help organizations meet compliance requirements and improve their overall security posture.\n\nTo summarize, compliance and auditors are essential in maintaining an organization's cybersecurity stance. Effective coordination between security professionals, management, and IT teams is needed to ensure the safety and protection of sensitive data and systems from evolving cyber threats.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "ggAja18sBUUdCfVsT0vCv": {
+    "title": "Understand the Definition of Risk",
+    "description": "In the context of cybersecurity, risk can be defined as the possibility of damage, loss, or any negative occurrence that is caused by external or internal vulnerabilities, and that may be avoided through preemptive action. Risk is typically characterized by three main components:\n\n*   **Threat:** A potential danger to the confidentiality, integrity, or availability of information in your system. Threats can be natural (e.g., floods, earthquakes), human-made (e.g., hackers, malicious software), or due to technical issues (e.g., hardware malfunction).\n    \n*   **Vulnerability:** A weakness or flaw in your system that can be exploited by a threat agent to compromise the security of the system. Vulnerabilities can exist in various aspects, such as physical access, network services, or security procedures.\n    \n*   **Impact:** The potential amount of damage or loss that can occur to your organization, system, or data due to the successful execution of a threat. Impacts can be financial, reputational, operational, or any other negative consequence that your organization faces as a result of a security breach.\n    \n\nWhen evaluating the risk levels of a cybersecurity scenario, it is important to assess the likelihood of a specific threat exploiting a specific vulnerability, as well as the associated impact if such an event occurs. By understanding risks and their components, you can better prioritize your security resources and take appropriate steps to mitigate potential risks. Remember that risk cannot be entirely eliminated, but rather managed to an acceptable level through effective security measures and strategies.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "9asy3STW4oTYYHcUazaRj": {
+    "title": "Understand Backups and Resiliency",
+    "description": "Backups and resiliency are crucial components of an effective cyber security strategy. They help organizations maintain their operations and data integrity, even in the face of various threats such as data breaches, hardware failures, or natural disasters. In this section, we will discuss the importance of creating and maintaining regular data backups and developing a resilient infrastructure.\n\nData Backups\n------------\n\nData backups are simply copies of your valuable data that are stored in a secure location, separate from your primary storage. They provide a means to recover your data in case of any data loss incidents, such as accidental deletion, hardware failure, or cyber attacks like ransomware.\n\n**Best practices for data backups include:**\n\n*   **Frequent and scheduled backups**: Schedule regular backups and automate the process to ensure consistency and reduce the risk of human error.\n    \n*   **Multiple copies**: Maintain multiple copies of your backups, preferably on different types of storage media (e.g., external hard drives, cloud storage, or tapes).\n    \n*   **Offsite storage**: Store at least one copy of your backups offsite. This will help protect against data loss due to onsite physical disasters or theft.\n    \n*   **Encryption**: Encrypt your backups to protect sensitive data from unauthorized access.\n    \n*   **Testing and verification**: Regularly test your backups to ensure they are functioning properly and can be restored when needed.\n    \n\nInfrastructure Resiliency\n-------------------------\n\nInfrastructure resiliency refers to the ability of your organization's IT systems to maintain availability and functionality in the face of unexpected disruptions, such as power outages, hardware failures, or cyber attacks. A resilient infrastructure helps minimize downtime and data loss, ensuring that your organization can continue its operations during and after an incident.\n\n**Key components of a resilient infrastructure include:**\n\n*   **Redundancy**: Design your infrastructure in a way that it includes redundant components (e.g., servers, power supplies, or network connections) to ensure uninterrupted operations in case of a failure.\n    \n*   **Disaster recovery planning**: Develop a comprehensive disaster recovery plan that outlines the steps and resources to restore your systems and data after an incident. This plan should include provisions for regular testing and updating.\n    \n*   **Incident response planning**: Establish a clear incident response process that defines roles, responsibilities, and procedures for identifying, investigating, and mitigating security incidents.\n    \n*   **Regular monitoring and maintenance**: Proactively monitor your infrastructure for signs of potential issues, and perform routine maintenance to minimize vulnerabilities and reduce the likelihood of failures.\n    \n\nBy investing in robust data backups and building a resilient infrastructure, you will ensure that your organization is well-prepared to handle any unexpected disruptions and maintain the continuity of essential operations.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "H38Vb7xvuBJXVzgPBdRdT": {
+    "title": "Cyber Kill Chain",
+    "description": "The **Cyber Kill Chain** is a model that was developed by Lockheed Martin, a major aerospace, military support, and security company, to understand and prevent cyber intrusions in various networks and systems. It serves as a framework for breaking down the stages of a cyber attack, making it easier for security professionals to identify, mitigate, and prevent threats.\n\nThe concept is based on a military model, where the term \"kill chain\" represents a series of steps needed to successfully target and engage an adversary. In the context of cybersecurity, the model breaks down the stages of a cyber attack into seven distinct phases:\n\n*   **Reconnaissance**: This initial phase involves gathering intelligence on the target, which may include researching public databases, performing network scans, or social engineering techniques.\n*   **Weaponization**: In this stage, the attacker creates a weapon – such as a malware, virus, or exploit – and packages it with a delivery mechanism that can infiltrate the target's system.\n*   **Delivery**: The attacker selects and deploys the delivery method to transmit the weapon to the target. Common methods include email attachments, malicious URLs, or infected software updates.\n*   **Exploitation**: This is the phase where the weapon is activated, taking advantage of vulnerabilities in the target's systems or applications to execute the attacker's code.\n*   **Installation**: Once the exploit is successful, the attacker installs the malware on the victim's system, setting the stage for further attacks or data exfiltration.\n*   **Command and Control (C2)**: The attacker establishes a communication channel with the infected system, allowing them to remotely control the malware and conduct further actions.\n*   **Actions on Objectives**: In this final phase, the attacker achieves their goal, which may involve stealing sensitive data, compromising systems, or disrupting services.\n\nUnderstanding and analyzing the Cyber Kill Chain helps organizations and individuals take a more proactive approach to cybersecurity. By recognizing the signs of an attack at each stage, appropriate countermeasures can be employed to either prevent or minimize the damage from the attack.\n\nBy staying informed and diligently employing security best practices, you can effectively protect your digital assets and contribute to a safer cyberspace.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "pnfVrOjDeG1uYAeqHxhJP": {
+    "title": "MFA & 2FA",
+    "description": "Introduction\n------------\n\nMulti-Factor Authentication (MFA) and Two-Factor Authentication (2FA) are security measures designed to enhance the protection of user accounts and sensitive information. These supplementary methods require the user to provide more than one form of verification to access an account, making it more difficult for unauthorized users to gain access. In this section, we'll discuss the basics of MFA and 2FA and why they are crucial to cybersecurity.\n\nTwo-Factor Authentication (2FA)\n-------------------------------\n\n2FA strengthens security by requiring two distinct forms of verification before granting access. This means that even if a malicious actor has your password, they will still need the second form of verification to access your account, reducing the risk of unauthorized access.\n\nTwo-Factor Authentication usually involves a combination of:\n\n*   Something you know (e.g., passwords, PINs)\n*   Something you have (e.g., physical tokens, mobile phones)\n*   Something you are (e.g., biometrics, such as fingerprints or facial recognition)\n\nA common example of 2FA is when you receive a unique code via SMS when logging into a website or access sensitive information. You will need to provide that code along with your password to gain access, adding an extra layer of security.\n\nMulti-Factor Authentication (MFA)\n---------------------------------\n\nMFA enhances security even further by requiring more than two forms of verification, incorporating three or more factors from the categories mentioned earlier (knowledge, possession, and inherence). By incorporating additional authentication methods, MFA raises the bar for attackers, making it much more difficult for them to gain access.\n\nThe main advantage of using MFA over 2FA is that even if one factor is compromised, there are still additional hurdles for an attacker to overcome. For example, if someone intercepts your mobile phone as the second factor, they would still have to bypass a biometric authentication requirement.\n\nImportance in Cybersecurity\n---------------------------\n\nUsing MFA and 2FA lends more security to user accounts, lowering the chances of being compromised. They provide multiple layers of protection, making it significantly harder for cybercriminals to breach accounts or gain unauthorized access.\n\nImplementing 2FA and MFA should be a priority for businesses and individuals alike in order to maintain a high level of cybersecurity. By educating users on the benefits and importance of these forms of authentication and ensuring their widespread adoption, we can create a more secure online environment.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "_S25EOGS3P8647zLM5i-g": {
+    "title": "Operating System Hardening",
+    "description": "OS hardening, or Operating System hardening, is the process of strengthening your operating system's security settings to prevent unauthorized access, data breaches, and other malicious activities. This step is essential for enhancing the security posture of your device or network and to minimize potential cyber risks.\n\nThe Importance of OS Hardening\n------------------------------\n\nIn today's world of evolving cyber threats and vulnerabilities, default security configurations provided by operating systems are often insufficient. OS hardening is necessary to:\n\n*   **Inhibit unauthorized access**: Limit the potential entry points for attackers.\n*   **Close security gaps**: Reduce the risks of exploits and vulnerabilities in your system.\n*   **Prevent data breaches**: Safeguard sensitive data from cybercriminals.\n*   **Align with compliance requirements**: Ensure your system complies with industry regulations and standards.\n\nKey Principles of OS Hardening\n------------------------------\n\nHere are some fundamental principles that can help strengthen your operating system security:\n\n*   **Least Privilege**: Limit user rights and permissions, only providing the minimum access required for essential tasks. Implement stringent access controls and separation of duties.\n*   **Disable or remove unnecessary services**: Unnecessary software, programs, and services can introduce vulnerabilities. Turn them off or uninstall them when not needed.\n*   **Patch Management**: Keep your system and applications up-to-date with the latest security patches and updates.\n*   **Regular Monitoring**: Implement monitoring mechanisms to detect and respond to potential threats promptly.\n*   **Authentication and Password Security**: Enforce strong, unique passwords and use Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) for added protection.\n\nSteps for OS Hardening\n----------------------\n\nA comprehensive OS hardening process includes the following steps:\n\n*   **Create a Standard Operating Environment (SOE)**: Develop a standardized and secure system configuration as a baseline for all company systems.\n*   **Inventory**: Identify and track all the devices, software, and services in your environment and their respective configurations.\n*   **Assess current security controls**: Evaluate the existing security settings to identify gaps requiring improvement.\n*   **Apply required hardening measures**: Implement necessary changes, including applying patches, updating software, and configuring security settings.\n*   **Monitor and review**: Continuously monitor your environment and update your hardening measures and policies as needed.\n\nBy incorporating OS hardening into your cybersecurity practices, you can significantly reduce the risks associated with cyber threats and protect your business's valuable assets.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "aDF7ZcOX9uR8l0W4aqhYn": {
+    "title": "Understand Concept of Isolation",
+    "description": "Isolation is a key principle in cyber security that helps to ensure the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of information systems and data. The main idea behind isolation is to separate different components or processes, such that if one is compromised, the others remain protected. Isolation can be applied at various levels, including hardware, software, and network layers. It is commonly used to protect sensitive data, critical systems, and to limit the potential damage caused by malicious activities.\n\nHardware Isolation\n------------------\n\nHardware isolation provides a physical separation between various components or systems, thereby preventing direct access or interference between them. This can be achieved through several mechanisms, including:\n\n*   **Air-gapped systems**: A computer or network that has no direct connections to external networks or systems, ensuring that unauthorized access or data leakage is virtually impossible.\n    \n*   **Hardware security modules (HSMs)**: Dedicated physical devices that manage digital keys and cryptographic operations, ensuring that sensitive cryptographic material is separated from other system components and protected against tampering or unauthorized access.\n    \n\nSoftware Isolation\n------------------\n\nSoftware isolation seeks to separate data and processes within the software environment itself. Some common methods include:\n\n*   **Virtualization**: The creation of isolated virtual machines (VMs) within a single physical host, allowing multiple operating systems and applications to run in parallel without direct access to each other's resources.\n    \n*   **Containers**: Lightweight virtual environments that allow applications to run in isolation from one another, sharing the same operating system kernel, but having separate file systems, libraries, and namespaces.\n    \n*   **Sandboxing**: A security technique that confines an application's activities to a restricted environment, protecting the underlying system and other applications from potential harm.\n    \n\nNetwork Isolation\n-----------------\n\nNetwork isolation aims to separate and control communication between different systems, devices, or networks. This can be implemented through several means, such as:\n\n*   **Firewalls**: Devices or software that act as a barrier, filtering and controlling traffic between networks or devices based on predefined policies.\n    \n*   **Virtual Local Area Networks (VLANs)**: Logical partitions created within a physical network, segregating devices into separate groups with restricted communication between them.\n    \n*   **Virtual Private Networks (VPNs)**: Encrypted connections that securely tunnel network traffic over the public internet, protecting it from eavesdropping or tampering and ensuring the privacy of the communication.\n    \n\nImplementing the concept of isolation within your cyber security strategy can significantly enhance your organization's security posture by limiting the attack surface, containing potential threats, and mitigating the impact of security breaches.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "FJsEBOFexbDyAj86XWBCc": {
+    "title": "Basics of IDS and IPS",
+    "description": "When it comes to cybersecurity, detecting and preventing intrusions is crucial for protecting valuable information systems and networks. In this section, we'll discuss the basics of Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) and Intrusion Prevention Systems (IPS) to help you better understand their function and importance in your overall cybersecurity strategy.\n\nWhat is Intrusion Detection System (IDS)?\n-----------------------------------------\n\nAn Intrusion Detection System (IDS) is a critical security tool designed to monitor and analyze network traffic or host activities for any signs of malicious activity, policy violations, or unauthorized access attempts. Once a threat or anomaly is identified, the IDS raises an alert to the security administrator for further investigation and possible actions.\n\nThere are two types of IDS:\n\n*   **Network-Based Intrusion Detection System (NIDS)**: This type of IDS is deployed on network devices such as routers, switches, or firewalls to monitor and analyze the traffic between hosts within the network.\n    \n*   **Host-Based Intrusion Detection System (HIDS)**: This type of IDS is installed on individual hosts, such as servers or workstations, to monitor and analyze the activities on that specific host.\n    \n\nWhat is Intrusion Prevention System (IPS)?\n------------------------------------------\n\nAn Intrusion Prevention System (IPS) is an advanced security solution closely related to IDS. While an IDS mainly focuses on detecting and alerting about intrusions, an IPS takes it a step further and actively works to prevent the attacks. It monitors, analyzes, and takes pre-configured automatic actions based on suspicious activities, such as blocking malicious traffic, reseting connections, or dropping malicious packets.\n\nThere are two types of IPS:\n\n*   **Network-Based Intrusion Prevention System (NIPS)**: This type of IPS is deployed in-line with network devices and closely monitors network traffic, making it possible to take actions in real-time.\n    \n*   **Host-Based Intrusion Prevention System (HIPS)**: This type of IPS is installed on individual hosts and actively prevents attacks by controlling inputs and outputs on the host, restricting access to resources, and making use of application-level controls.\n    \n\nKey Takeaways\n-------------\n\n*   IDS and IPS are essential components of a robust cybersecurity strategy.\n*   IDS focuses on detecting and alerting about potential intrusions, while IPS takes it further by actively preventing and mitigating attacks.\n*   Network-based systems protect networks, while host-based systems protect individual hosts within a network.\n*   Regularly updating and configuring IDS/IPS is necessary to continually defend against evolving threats.\n\nBy understanding the basics of IDS and IPS, you can better evaluate your security needs and take the right steps to protect your network and hosts from potential intruders.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is an Intrusion Prevention System?",
+        "url": "https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-an-intrusion-prevention-system-ips",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Intrusion Prevention System (IPS)",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7QuYupuic3Q",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "bj5YX8zhlam0yoNckL8e4": {
+    "title": "Honeypots",
+    "description": "A **honeypot** is a security measure that is designed to lure and trap potential cyber attackers, usually by posing as a vulnerable system or network. Honeypots can be a valuable tool in understanding the various tactics used by malicious actors, which allows security professionals to develop better strategies for defending against these attacks. In this section, we will explore the different types of honeypots, their uses, and some important considerations when implementing them.\n\nTypes of Honeypots\n------------------\n\nThere are several different types of honeypots that can be implemented, each with unique features and capabilities. Some common types include:\n\n*   **Low-Interaction Honeypots**: These honeypots simulate a limited set of services or vulnerabilities to lure attackers. They require minimal resources and are easier to set up than other types of honeypots. They are often used to gather basic information about attacker behavior and techniques.\n    \n*   **High-Interaction Honeypots**: These honeypots simulate a complete and realistic environment, often running full operating systems and services. They are resource-intensive but provide a more in-depth understanding of attacker behavior and can be used to identify more sophisticated threats.\n    \n*   **Research Honeypots**: These honeypots are designed specifically for the purpose of collecting detailed information about attacker methods and motives for further analysis. They often require advanced knowledge and resources to maintain but provide valuable intelligence.\n    \n\nUses of Honeypots\n-----------------\n\nHoneypots have several uses in the cybersecurity landscape:\n\n*   **Identify new threats**: Honeypots can help security professionals identify new attack methods, malware, or other threats before they affect real systems.\n    \n*   **Distract attackers**: By presenting a seemingly vulnerable target, honeypots can divert attackers' attention from actual critical systems, thus providing an additional layer of security.\n    \n*   **Collect attack data**: By carefully monitoring interactions with honeypots, security professionals can gather valuable information on attacker behavior, tactics, and techniques, further improving cyber defense strategies.\n    \n\nImportant Considerations\n------------------------\n\nWhile honeypots can be powerful tools in a security professional's arsenal, there are some important factors to consider:\n\n*   **Ethics and legality**: It's crucial to ensure that all honeypot activities are conducted ethically and within the boundaries of the law. In some jurisdictions, certain activities surrounding honeypots (such as trapping attackers) may be illegal or require specific permissions.\n    \n*   **Risk of compromise**: Honeypots can add another attack surface, which can be exploited by attackers if not adequately secured or maintained. If an attacker determines that a system is a honeypot, they may decide to attack the network further or launch more targeted attacks.\n    \n*   **Maintenance and resources**: Developing and maintaining honeypots can be resource-intensive, requiring dedicated systems or virtual machines, expertise in system administration, and ongoing monitoring.\n    \n\nIt's important to carefully weigh the benefits and risks of implementing honeypots and ensure they are used responsibly and strategically within your cybersecurity plan.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "WG7DdsxESm31VcLFfkVTz": {
+    "title": "Authentication vs Authorization",
+    "description": "Authentication vs Authorization\n-------------------------------\n\n**Authentication** is the process of validating the identity of a user, device, or system. It confirms that the entity attempting to access the resource is who or what they claim to be. The most common form of authentication is the use of usernames and passwords. Other methods include:\n\n**Authorization** comes into play after the authentication process is complete. It involves granting or denying access to a resource, based on the authenticated user's privileges. Authorization determines what actions the authenticated user or entity is allowed to perform within a system or application.",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Two-factor authentication (2FA)",
+        "url": "https://authy.com/what-is-2fa/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Biometrics (fingerprint, facial recognition, etc.)",
+        "url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5428991/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Security tokens or certificates",
+        "url": "https://www.comodo.com/e-commerce/ssl-certificates/certificate.php",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Role-based access control (RBAC)",
+        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Role-based_access_control",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Access Control Lists (ACLs)",
+        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Access-control_list",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Attribute-based access control (ABAC)",
+        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attribute-based_access_control",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "7tDxTcKJNAUxbHLPCnPFO": {
+    "title": "Blue / Red / Purple Teams",
+    "description": "In the context of cybersecurity, Blue Team, Red Team, and Purple Team are terms used to describe different roles and methodologies employed to ensure the security of an organization or system. Let's explore each one in detail.\n\nBlue Team\n---------\n\nThe Blue Team is responsible for defending an organization's information systems, networks, and critical assets from security threats. They are tasked with the ongoing monitoring of systems, detecting and responding to potential security incidents, and implementing protective measures.\n\n**Key activities of the Blue Team:**\n\n*   Develop and implement security policies and procedures\n*   Perform vulnerability assessments and risk assessments\n*   Deploy security tools and technologies (e.g., firewalls, intrusion detection systems, etc.)\n*   Monitor logs and analyze security events for potential threats\n*   Respond to and investigate security incidents\n*   Conduct security awareness and training programs\n\nRed Team\n--------\n\nThe Red Team's primary goal is to simulate real-world attacks, identify vulnerabilities, and test the effectiveness of the Blue Team's defensive strategies. They are external or internal team members that act like adversaries, using creativity, and advanced techniques to test an organization's cybersecurity defenses.\n\n**Key activities of the Red Team:**\n\n*   Perform regular penetration testing and security assessments\n*   Use social engineering techniques to exploit human weaknesses\n*   Analyze and exploit vulnerabilities in systems, networks, and applications\n*   Emulate advanced persistent threats and attack scenarios\n*   Provide actionable insights to improve the organization's security posture\n\nPurple Team\n-----------\n\nThe Purple Team bridges the gap between the Blue Team and Red Team, helping to create a more collaborative environment. They facilitate communication and information sharing between the two teams, ultimately aiming to improve the overall effectiveness of a security program.\n\n**Key activities of the Purple Team:**\n\n*   Coordinate and plan joint exercises between Blue Team and Red Team\n*   Share knowledge, techniques, and findings between the teams\n*   Assist with the implementation of identified security improvements\n*   Evaluate and measure the effectiveness of security controls\n*   Foster a culture of continuous improvement and collaboration\n\nBy investing in Blue, Red, and Purple Team efforts, organizations can achieve a more robust and resilient security posture, capable of withstanding and adapting to ever-evolving threats.",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Red Team Fundamentals (TryHackMe)",
+        "url": "https://tryhackme.com/room/redteamfundamentals",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "XwRCZf-yHJsXVjaRfb3R4": {
+    "title": "False Negative / False Positive",
+    "description": "A false positive happens when the security tool mistakenly identifies a non-threat as a threat. For example, it might raise an alarm for a legitimate user's activity, indicating a potential attack when there isn't any. A high number of false positives can cause unnecessary diverting of resources and time, investigating false alarms. Additionally, it could lead to user frustration if legitimate activities are being blocked.\n\nA false negative occurs when the security tool fails to detect an actual threat or attack. This could result in a real attack going unnoticed, causing damage to the system, data breaches, or other negative consequences. A high number of false negatives indicate that the security system needs to be improved to capture real threats effectively.\n\nTo have an effective cybersecurity system, security professionals aim to maximize true positives and true negatives, while minimizing false positives and false negatives. Balancing these aspects ensures that the security tools maintain their effectiveness without causing undue disruptions to a user's experience.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "M6uwyD4ibguxytf1od-og": {
+    "title": "True Negative / True Positive",
+    "description": "True Negative / True Positive\n-----------------------------\n\nA true positive is an instance when security tools correctly detect and identify a threat, such as a malware or intrusion attempt. A high number of true positives indicates that a security tool is working effectively and catching potential threats as required.\n\nA true negative occurs when the security tool correctly identifies that there is no threat or attack in a given situation. In other words, the system does not raise an alarm when there is no attack happening. A high number of true negatives show that the security tool is not overly sensitive, generating unnecessary alerts.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "wN5x5pY53B8d0yopa1z8F": {
+    "title": "Basics of Threat Intel, OSINT",
+    "description": "Open Source Intelligence (OSINT) is a crucial part of cyber threat intelligence (CTI). It refers to the collection and analysis of publicly available information from various sources to identify potential threats to an organization's information security.\n\nWhy is OSINT important for threat intelligence?\n-----------------------------------------------\n\nOSINT plays a significant role in achieving comprehensive threat intelligence by offering valuable insights into various threat actors, their tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTPs). By leveraging OSINT, security teams can:\n\n*   Identify and track adversaries targeting their organization\n*   Gain knowledge about the latest attack strategies and trends\n*   Evaluate the effectiveness of existing security measures\n*   Develop proactive defense strategies to mitigate potential threats\n\nKey OSINT Sources\n-----------------\n\nThere are numerous sources of OSINT data that can be valuable for threat intelligence. Some of the main sources include:\n\n*   **Publicly accessible websites and blogs**: Security researchers, hackers, and threat actors frequently share information about their findings, tools, and techniques in their blogs and websites.\n    \n*   **Social media platforms**: Social media platforms like Twitter, Reddit, and LinkedIn offer a wealth of information about threat actors' activities and can act as a valuable resource for threat intelligence.\n    \n*   **Security-related conference materials**: Many industry conferences and workshops publish their research papers, video recordings, and presentations online, allowing you to gather valuable insights from experts in the field.\n    \n*   **Online forums and chat rooms**: Hacker forums, online chat rooms, and bulletin boards often contain discussions related to the latest vulnerabilities, exploits, and attack techniques.\n    \n*   **Pastebin and GitHub**: These platforms offer code snippets and repositories that may contain working hacking tools or proof-of-concept exploits, making them valuable sources of OSINT.\n    \n\nBest Practices for OSINT Collection\n-----------------------------------\n\nCollecting and analyzing OSINT for threat intelligence may seem like a daunting task, but by following these best practices, you can effectively incorporate it into your cyber defense strategies:\n\n*   **Set clear goals and objectives**: Define what you want to achieve with your OSINT collection efforts and how it contributes to your organization's threat intelligence initiatives.\n    \n*   **Establish a methodology**: Develop a structured approach and process for searching, collecting, and analyzing OSINT data.\n    \n*   **Filter your data**: As the volume of data available from OSINT sources can be overwhelming, it's essential to filter the data gathered effectively. Prioritize information that is relevant to your organizational context and specific intelligence requirements.\n    \n*   **Maintain up-to-date knowledge**: Regularly review newly available OSINT and stay current with the latest tactics, techniques, and procedures utilized by threat actors.\n    \n*   **Collaborate and share with peers**: The security community is known for collaboration and knowledge sharing. Engage with other security professionals to benefit from their knowledge and experience.\n    \n\nIn conclusion, OSINT is a significant aspect of threat intelligence that helps organizations identify and mitigate potential security threats. By effectively collecting and analyzing OSINT, you can gain a better understanding of the ever-evolving threat landscape and develop more effective strategies to protect your organization.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "zQx_VUS1zRmF4zCGjJD5-": {
+    "title": "Understand Handshakes",
+    "description": "In the world of cyber security, a **handshake** refers to the process of establishing a connection between two parties or devices as part of a secure communication protocol. A handshake typically ensures that both parties are aware of the connection and also serves to initiate the setup of a secure communication channel.\n\nThere are two common types of handshakes in cyber security:\n\n*   **Three-Way Handshake**\n*   **Cryptographic Handshake**\n\nThree-Way Handshake (TCP Handshake)\n-----------------------------------\n\nIn the context of a Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) connection, a three-way handshake is used to establish a secure and reliable connection between two devices. This process involves three specific steps:\n\n*   **SYN**: The initiating device sends a SYN (synchronize) packet to establish a connection with the receiving device.\n*   **SYN-ACK**: The receiving device acknowledges the SYN packet by sending back a SYN-ACK (synchronize-acknowledge) packet.\n*   **ACK**: The initiating device acknowledges the SYN-ACK packet by sending an ACK (acknowledge) packet.\n\nOnce these steps are completed, the connection is established, and data can be exchanged securely between the two devices.\n\nCryptographic Handshake (SSL/TLS Handshake)\n-------------------------------------------\n\nA cryptographic handshake is used to establish a secure connection using cryptographic protocols like Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) or Transport Layer Security (TLS). The SSL/TLS handshake involves several steps, some of which include:\n\n*   **Client Hello**: The initiating party (client) sends a \"Client Hello\" message, which includes supported cipher suites, SSL/TLS version, and a random value.\n*   **Server Hello**: The receiving party (server) replies with a \"Server Hello\" message, choosing the highest SSL/TLS version and a compatible cipher suite, along with its random value.\n*   **Authentication**: The server shares its digital certificate, allowing the client to verify its identity using a trusted certificate authority (CA).\n*   **Key Exchange**: Both parties exchange the necessary information (like public keys) to generate a shared secret key that will be used for encryption and decryption.\n\nOnce this process is successfully completed, a secure communication channel is established, and encrypted data can be shared between both parties.\n\nUnderstanding handshakes in cyber security is crucial for professionals, as it helps ensure secure communication and data exchange between devices and users. This knowledge can be useful in protecting sensitive information and preventing cyber attacks.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "uz6ELaLEu9U4fHVfnQiOa": {
+    "title": "Understand CIA Triad",
+    "description": "The **CIA Triad** is a foundational concept in cybersecurity that stands for **Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability**. These three principles represent the core objectives that should be guaranteed in any secure system.\n\nConfidentiality\n---------------\n\nConfidentiality aims to protect sensitive information from unauthorized users or intruders. This can be achieved through various security mechanisms, such as encryption, authentication, and access control. Maintaining confidentiality ensures that only authorized individuals can access the information and systems.\n\nKey Points:\n-----------\n\n*   Encryption: Converts data into an unreadable format for unauthorized users, but can be decrypted by authorized users.\n*   Authentication: Ensures the identity of the users trying to access your system or data, typically through the use of credentials like a username/password or biometrics.\n*   Access Control: Defines and regulates which resources or data can be accessed by particular users and under which conditions.\n\nIntegrity\n---------\n\nIntegrity ensures that information and systems are protected from modifications or tampering by unauthorized individuals. This aspect of the triad is crucial for maintaining accuracy, consistency, and reliability in your systems and data. Integrity controls include checksums, file permissions, and digital signatures.\n\nKey Points:\n-----------\n\n*   Checksums: Mathematical calculations that can be used to verify the integrity of data by detecting any changes.\n*   File Permissions: Ensure that only authorized users have the ability to modify or delete specific files.\n*   Digital Signatures: A cryptographic technique that can be used to authenticate the source and integrity of data or messages.\n\nAvailability\n------------\n\nAvailability ensures that systems and information are accessible and functional when needed. This can be achieved by implementing redundancy, fault tolerance, and backup solutions. High availability translates to better overall reliability of your systems, which is essential for critical services.\n\nKey Points:\n-----------\n\n*   Redundancy: Duplicate or backup components or systems that can be used in case of failure.\n*   Fault Tolerance: The capacity of a system to continue functioning, even partially, in the presence of faults or failures.\n*   Backups: Regularly saving copies of your data to prevent loss in case of a catastrophe, such as a hardware failure, malware attack, or natural disaster.\n\nIn summary, the CIA Triad is an essential aspect of cybersecurity, providing a clear framework to evaluate and implement security measures. By ensuring confidentiality, integrity, and availability, you create a robust and secure environment for your information and systems.",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "The CIA Triad - Professor Messer",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SBcDGb9l6yo",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "cvI8-sxY5i8lpelW9iY_5": {
+    "title": "Privilege Escalation",
+    "description": "Privilege escalation attacks occur when an attacker gains unauthorized access to a system and then elevates their privileges to perform actions that they should not have been able to do. There are two main types of privilege escalation:\n\n*   **Horizontal Privilege Escalation**: In this type of attack, an attacker gains unauthorized access to a user account with the same privilege level as their own, but is able to perform actions or access data that belongs to another user.\n    \n*   **Vertical Privilege Escalation**: Also known as \"Privilege Elevation,\" this type of attack involves an attacker gaining unauthorized access to a system and then elevating their privilege level from a regular user to an administrator, system owner, or root user. This provides the attacker with greater control over the system and its resources.\n    \n\nTo protect your systems and data from privilege escalation attacks, consider implementing the following best practices:\n\n*   **Principle of Least Privilege**: Assign the minimum necessary access and privileges to each user account, and regularly review and update access permissions as required.\n    \n*   **Regularly Update and Patch Software**: Keep your software and systems up-to-date with the latest security patches to address known vulnerabilities that could be exploited in privilege escalation attacks.\n    \n*   **Implement Strong Authentication and Authorization**: Use strong authentication methods (e.g., multi-factor authentication) and ensure proper access controls are in place to prevent unauthorized access to sensitive data or system resources.\n    \n*   **Conduct Security Audits**: Regularly check for any misconfigurations, vulnerabilities or outdated software that could be exploited in privilege escalation attacks.\n    \n*   **Monitor and Log System Activities**: Implement logging and monitoring systems to detect suspicious account activities or changes in user privileges that may indicate a privilege escalation attack.\n    \n\nBy understanding the types of privilege escalation attacks and following these best practices, you can create a more secure environment for your data and systems, and reduce the risk of unauthorized users gaining unrestricted access.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "fyOYVqiBqyKC4aqc6-y0q": {
+    "title": "Web Based Attacks and OWASP10",
+    "description": "The Open Web Application Security Project (OWASP) is a non-profit organization focused on improving the security of software. One of their most well-known projects is the **OWASP Top 10**, which is a list of the most critical web application security risks. The Top 10 project aims to raise awareness and provide businesses, developers, and security teams with guidance on how to address these risks effectively.\n\nThe OWASP Top 10 is updated periodically, with the most recent version released in 2021. Here is a brief summary of the current top 10 security risks:\n\n*   **Injection**: Injection flaws, such as SQL, NoSQL, or OS command injection, occur when untrusted data is sent to an interpreter as part of a command or query, allowing an attacker to execute malicious commands or access unauthorized data.\n    \n*   **Broken Authentication**: Application functions related to authentication and session management are often implemented incorrectly, allowing attackers to compromise passwords, keys, or session tokens, or exploit other implementation flaws to assume users' identities.\n    \n*   **Sensitive Data Exposure**: Many web applications and APIs do not properly protect sensitive data, such as financial, healthcare, or personally identifiable information (PII). Attackers can steal or modify this data to conduct crimes like identity theft or credit card fraud.\n    \n*   **XML External Entities (XXE)**: Poorly configured XML parsers can be vulnerable to external entity attacks, allowing attackers to access unauthorized data, perform server-side request forgery (SSRF), or launch denial-of-service (DoS) attacks.\n    \n*   **Broken Access Control**: Restrictions on what authenticated users are allowed to do often fail to be properly enforced. Attackers can exploit these flaws to access unauthorized functionality or data, modify user access, or perform other unauthorized actions.\n    \n*   **Security Misconfiguration**: Insecure default configurations, incomplete or ad hoc configurations, misconfigured HTTP headers, and verbose error messages can provide attackers with valuable information to exploit vulnerabilities.\n    \n*   **Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)**: XSS flaws occur when an application includes untrusted data in a web page without proper validation or escaping. Attackers can execute malicious scripts in the context of the user's browser, leading to account takeover, defacement, or redirection to malicious sites.\n    \n*   **Insecure Deserialization**: Insecure deserialization flaws can enable an attacker to execute arbitrary code, conduct injection attacks, elevate privileges, or perform other malicious actions.\n    \n*   **Using Components with Known Vulnerabilities**: Applications and APIs using components with known vulnerabilities may compromise the system if those vulnerabilities are exploited.\n    \n*   **Insufficient Logging & Monitoring**: Insufficient logging and monitoring, coupled with inadequate integration with incident response, allow attackers to maintain their presence within a system, move laterally, and exfiltrate or tamper with data.\n    \n\nTo mitigate these risks, the OWASP Top 10 project provides detailed information, including how to test for each risk, code examples for various programming languages, and specific steps to prevent or remediate the issues. By understanding and implementing the recommended practices, organizations can improve their web application security and protect their users' data.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "v7CD_sHqLWbm9ibXXESIK": {
+    "title": "Learn how Malware works and Types",
+    "description": "Malware, short for malicious software, refers to any software intentionally created to cause harm to a computer system, server, network, or user. It is a broad term that encompasses various types of harmful software created by cybercriminals for various purposes. In this guide, we will delve deeper into the major types of malware and their characteristics.\n\nVirus\n-----\n\nA computer virus is a type of malware that, much like a biological virus, attaches itself to a host (e.g., a file or software) and replicates when the host is executed. Viruses can corrupt, delete or modify data, and slow down system performance.\n\nWorm\n----\n\nWorms are self-replicating malware that spread through networks without human intervention. They exploit system vulnerabilities, consuming bandwidth and sometimes carrying a payload to infect target machines.\n\nTrojan Horse\n------------\n\nA trojan horse is a piece of software disguised as a legitimate program but contains harmful code. Users unknowingly download and install it, giving the attacker unauthorized access to the computer or network. Trojans can be used to steal data, create a backdoor, or launch additional malware attacks.\n\nRansomware\n----------\n\nRansomware is a type of malware that encrypts its victims' files and demands a ransom, typically in the form of cryptocurrency, for the decryption key. If the victim refuses or fails to pay within a specified time, the encrypted data may be lost forever.\n\nSpyware\n-------\n\nSpyware is a type of malware designed to collect and relay information about a user or organization without their consent. It can capture keystrokes, record browsing history, and access personal data such as usernames and passwords.\n\nAdware\n------\n\nAdware is advertising-supported software that automatically displays or downloads advertising materials, often in the form of pop-up ads, on a user's computer. While not always malicious, adware can be intrusive and open the door for other malware infections.\n\nRootkit\n-------\n\nA rootkit is a type of malware designed to hide or obscure the presence of other malicious programs on a computer system. This enables it to maintain persistent unauthorized access to the system and can make it difficult for users or security software to detect and remove infected files.\n\nKeylogger\n---------\n\nKeyloggers are a type of malware that monitor and record users' keystrokes, allowing attackers to capture sensitive information, such as login credentials or financial information entered on a keyboard.\n\nUnderstanding the different types of malware can help you better identify and protect against various cyber threats. As the cyber landscape continues to evolve, it's essential to stay informed about emerging malware and equip yourself with the necessary security skills and knowledge.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "Hoou7kWyfB2wx_yFHug_H": {
+    "title": "nmap",
+    "description": "Nmap\n----\n\nNmap, short for \"Network Mapper,\" is a powerful and widely used open-source tool for network discovery, scanning, and security auditing. Nmap was originally designed to rapidly scan large networks, but it also works well for scanning single hosts. Security professionals, network administrators, and cyber security enthusiasts alike use Nmap to identify available hosts and services on a network, reveal their version information, and explore network infrastructure.\n\nKey Features\n------------\n\nNmap offers a multitude of features that can help you gather information about your network:\n\n*   **Host Discovery** - Locating active devices on a network.\n*   **Port Scanning** - Identifying open network ports and associated services.\n*   **Version Detection** - Determining the software and version running on network devices.\n*   **Operating System Detection** - Identifying the operating systems of scanned devices.\n*   **Scriptable Interaction with the Target** - Using Nmap Scripting Engine (NSE) to automate tasks and extend functionality.\n\nHow It Works\n------------\n\nNmap sends specially crafted packets to the target hosts and analyzes the received responses. Based on this information, it detects active hosts, their operating systems, and the services they are running. It can be used to scan for open ports, check for vulnerabilities, and gather valuable information about target devices.\n\nExample Usage\n-------------\n\nNmap is a command-line tool with several command options. Here is an example of a basic scan:\n\n    nmap -v -A 192.168.1.1\n    \n\nThis command performs a scan on the target IP address `192.168.1.1`, with `-v` for verbose output and `-A` for aggressive scan mode, which includes operating system and version detection, script scanning, and traceroute.\n\nGetting Started with Nmap\n-------------------------\n\nNmap is available for download on Windows, Linux, and macOS. You can download the appropriate binary or source package from the [official Nmap website](https://nmap.org/download.html). Extensive documentation, including installation instructions, usage guidelines, and specific features, can be found on the [Nmap reference guide](https://nmap.org/book/man.html).\n\nConclusion\n----------\n\nUnderstanding and using Nmap is an essential skill for any cyber security professional or network administrator. With its wide range of features and capabilities, it provides invaluable information about your network infrastructure, enabling you to detect vulnerabilities and improve overall security. Regularly monitoring your network with Nmap and other incident response and discovery tools is a critical aspect of maintaining a strong cyber security posture.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "jJtS0mgCYc0wbjuXssDRO": {
+    "title": "tracert",
+    "description": "`tracert` (Trace Route) is a network diagnostic tool that displays the route taken by packets across a network from the sender to the destination. This tool helps in identifying network latency issues and determining if there are any bottlenecks, outages, or misconfigurations in the network path. Available in most operating systems by default, `tracert` can be executed through a command-line interface (CLI) such as Command Prompt in Windows or Terminal in Linux and macOS.\n\nHow Tracert Works\n-----------------\n\nWhen you initiate a `tracert` command, it sends packets with varying Time-to-Live (TTL) values to the destination. Each router or hop in the network path decreases the original TTL value by 1. When the TTL reaches 0, the router sends an Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) \"Time Exceeded\" message back to the source. `tracert` records the time it took for the packet to reach each hop and presents the data in a readable format. The process continues until the destination is reached or the maximum TTL value is exceeded.\n\nUsing Tracert\n-------------\n\nTo use `tracert`, follow these simple steps:\n\n*   Open the command prompt (Windows) or terminal (Linux/macOS).\n    \n*   Type `tracert` followed by the target's domain name or IP address, and press Enter. For example:\n    \n\n    tracert example.com\n    \n\n*   The trace will run, showing the details of each hop, latency, and hop's IP address or hostname in the output.\n\nInterpreting Tracert Results\n----------------------------\n\nThe output of `tracert` includes several columns of information:\n\n*   Hop: The number of the router in the path from source to destination.\n*   RTT1, RTT2, RTT3: Round-Trip Times measured in milliseconds, representing the time it took for a packet to travel from your machine to the hop and back. Three different times are displayed for each hop (each measuring a separate ICMP packet).\n*   Hostname (optional) and IP Address: Domain name (if applicable) and IP address of the specific hop.\n\nUnderstanding the `tracert` output helps in identifying potential network issues such as high latency, routing loops, or unreachable destinations.\n\nLimitations and Considerations\n------------------------------\n\nSome limitations and considerations to keep in mind when using `tracert`:\n\n*   Results may vary due to dynamic routing or load balancing on the network.\n*   Firewalls or routers might be configured to block ICMP packets or not decrement the TTL value, potentially giving incomplete or misleading results.\n*   `tracert` might not be able to discover every hop in certain network configurations.\n*   On Linux/macOS systems, the equivalent command is called `traceroute`.\n\nUsing `tracert` in incident response and discovery helps security teams analyze network path issues, locate potential bottlenecks or problematic hops, and understand network infrastructure performance.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "OUarb1oS1-PX_3OXNR0rV": {
+    "title": "nslookup",
+    "description": "NSLookup, short for \"Name Server Lookup\", is a versatile network administration command-line tool used for querying the Domain Name System (DNS) to obtain information associated with domain names and IP addresses. This tool is available natively in most operating systems such as Windows, MacOS, and Linux distributions.\n\nUsing NSLookup\n--------------\n\nTo use NSLookup, open the command prompt or terminal on your device and enter the command `nslookup`, followed by the domain name or IP address you want to query. For example:\n\n    nslookup example.com\n    \n\nFeatures of NSLookup\n--------------------\n\n*   **DNS Record Types**: NSLookup supports various DNS record types like A (IPv4 address), AAAA (IPv6 address), MX (Mail Exchange), NS (Name Servers), and more.\n    \n*   **Reverse DNS Lookup**: You can perform reverse DNS lookups to find the domain name associated with a specific IP address. For example:\n    \n        nslookup 192.0.2.1\n        \n    \n*   **Non-interactive mode**: NSLookup can execute single queries without entering the interactive mode. To do this, simply execute the command as mentioned earlier.\n    \n*   **Interactive mode**: Interactive mode allows you to carry out multiple queries during a single session. To enter the interactive mode, type nslookup without any arguments in your terminal.\n    \n\nLimitations\n-----------\n\nDespite being a useful tool, NSLookup has some limitations:\n\n*   No support for DNSSEC (Domain Name System Security Extensions).\n*   Obsolete or not maintained in some Unix-based systems, replaced with more modern utilities like `dig`.\n\nAlternatives\n------------\n\nSome alternatives to NSLookup include:\n\n*   **dig**: \"Domain Information Groper\" is a flexible DNS utility that supports a wide range of DNS record types and provides more detailed information than NSLookup.\n    \n*   **host**: Another common DNS lookup tool that provides host-related information for both forward and reverse lookups.\n    \n\nConclusion\n----------\n\nIn summary, NSLookup is a handy DNS query tool for network administrators and users alike. It offers the basic functionality for finding associated domain names, IP addresses, and other DNS data while being simple to use. However, for more advanced needs, you should consider using alternatives like dig or host.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "W7iQUCjODGYgE4PjC5TZI": {
+    "title": "curl",
+    "description": "Curl is a versatile command-line tool primarily used for transferring data using various network protocols. It is widely used in cybersecurity and development for the purpose of testing and interacting with web services, APIs, and scrutinizing web application security. Curl supports various protocols such as HTTP, HTTPS, FTP, SCP, SFTP, and many more.\n\n**Features of Curl:**\n\n*   Provides support for numerous protocols.\n*   Offers SSL/TLS certificates handling and authentication.\n*   Customizable HTTP request headers and methods.\n*   Proxies and redirections support.\n*   IPv6 support.\n\nCommon Curl Use Cases in Cybersecurity:\n---------------------------------------\n\n*   **HTTP Requests:** Curl can be used to test and troubleshoot web services by making GET or POST requests, specifying headers, or sending data. You can also use it to automate certain tasks.\n    \n    GET Request Example:\n    \n        curl https://example.com\n        \n    \n    POST Request Example:\n    \n        curl -X POST -d \"data=sample\" https://example.com\n        \n    \n*   **HTTPS with SSL/TLS:** Curl can be utilized to verify and test SSL/TLS configurations and certificates for web services.\n    \n    Test a site's SSL/TLS configuration:\n    \n        curl -Iv https://example.com\n        \n    \n*   **File Transfers:** Curl can be used for transferring files using protocols like FTP, SCP, and SFTP.\n    \n    FTP Example:\n    \n        curl -u username:password ftp://example.com/path/to/file\n        \n    \n*   **Web Application Testing:** Curl can help you find vulnerabilities in web applications by sending customized HTTP requests, injecting payloads or exploiting their features.\n    \n    Send Cookie Example:\n    \n        curl -H \"Cookie: session=12345\" https://example.com\n        \n    \n    Detect Server Software Example:\n    \n        curl -I https://example.com\n        \n    \n\nCurl is a powerful tool in the arsenal of anyone working in cybersecurity. Understanding and mastering its usage can greatly enhance your capabilities when dealing with various network protocols, web services, and web applications.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "Cclbt4bNfkHwFwZOvJuLK": {
+    "title": "hping",
+    "description": "hping is a versatile and powerful command-line based packet crafting tool that allows network administrators, security professionals, and system auditors to manipulate and analyze network packets at a granular level. hping can be used to perform stress testing, firewall testing, scanning, and packet generation, among other functionalities.\n\nKey Features\n------------\n\n*   **Flexible and powerful:** hping supports a wide array of protocols including TCP, UDP, ICMP, and RAW-IP, and can manipulate individual fields within network packets.\n    \n*   **Custom packet crafting:** Users can create custom packets to test specific firewall rules, for example by modifying flags, window size, or payload.\n    \n*   **Traceroute mode:** hping can perform traceroute-style scans through its specialized mode, enabling users to discover the network path between two systems.\n    \n*   **Scripting capability:** hping can be used in conjunction with scripts to automate packet crafting and analysis tasks, making it highly adaptable for diverse network testing use cases.\n    \n\nSample Commands\n---------------\n\nHere are some example commands using hping:\n\n*   Perform a traditional ping:\n    \n        hping3 -1 <target_IP>\n        \n    \n*   Perform a SYN flood attack:\n    \n        hping3 --flood -S -p <target_port> <target_IP>\n        \n    \n*   Perform a traceroute using ICMP packets:\n    \n        hping3 --traceroute -V -1 <target_IP>\n        \n    \n*   Perform a UDP scan of the first 100 ports:\n    \n        hping3 --udp -p 1-100 <target_IP>\n        \n    \n\nSummary\n-------\n\nIn summary, hping is an invaluable tool for anyone involved in network security, administration, or auditing. Its flexibility and power make it an essential part of any cybersecurity toolkit. By understanding how to use hping effectively, you can gain valuable insights into the behavior of networks, devices, and security mechanisms, leading to a more secure and resilient infrastructure.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "yfTpp-ePuDB931FnvNB-Y": {
+    "title": "ping",
+    "description": "Ping is a fundamental network utility that helps users determine the availability and response time of a target device, such as a computer, server, or network device, by sending small packets of data to it. It operates on the Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) and forms an essential part of the incident response and discovery toolkit in cyber security.\n\nHow Ping Works\n--------------\n\nWhen you issue a Ping command, your device sends out ICMP Echo Request packets to the target device. In response, the target device sends out ICMP Echo Reply packets. The round-trip time (RTT) between the request and reply is measured and reported, which is an indication of the network latency and helps identify network problems.\n\nUses of Ping in Cyber Security\n------------------------------\n\n*   **Availability and Reachability:** Ping helps ensure that the target device is online and reachable in the network. A successful ping indicates that the target is available and responding to network requests.\n*   **Response Time Measurements:** Ping provides the RTT measurements, which are useful for identifying network latency issues or bottlenecks. High RTTs indicate potential network congestion or other issues.\n*   **Troubleshoot Connectivity Issues:** In case of network issues or cyber attacks, Ping can help isolate the problem by determining whether the issue is with the target device, the network infrastructure, or a security configuration.\n*   **Confirming Access Control:** Ping can also be used to ensure that firewalls or intrusion detection systems (IDS) are properly configured by confirming if ICMP requests are allowed or blocked.\n\nPing Limitations\n----------------\n\n*   **Blocking ICMP Traffic**: Some devices or firewalls may be configured to block ICMP traffic, making them unresponsive to Ping requests.\n*   **False-Negative Results**: A poor network connection or heavy packet loss may result in a false-negative Ping result, incorrectly displaying the target device as unavailable.\n\nDespite these limitations, Ping remains a useful tool in the cyber security world for network diagnostics and incident response. However, it is essential to use Ping in conjunction with other discovery tools and network analysis techniques for comprehensive network assessments.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "fzdZF-nzIL69kaA7kwOCn": {
+    "title": "arp",
+    "description": "ARP is a protocol used by the Internet Protocol (IP) to map an IP address to a physical address, also known as a Media Access Control (MAC) address. ARP is essential for routing data between devices in a Local Area Network (LAN) as it allows for the translation of IP addresses to specific hardware on the network.\n\nHow It Works\n------------\n\nWhen a device wants to communicate with another device on the same LAN, it needs to determine the corresponding MAC address for the target IP address. ARP helps in this process by broadcasting an ARP request containing the target IP address. All devices within the broadcast domain receive this ARP request and compare the target IP address with their own IP address. If a match is found, the device with the matching IP address sends an ARP reply which contains its MAC address.\n\nThe device that initiated the ARP request can now update its ARP cache (a table that stores IP-to-MAC mappings) with the new information, and then proceed to send data to the target's MAC address.\n\nSecurity Concerns\n-----------------\n\nWhile ARP is crucial for the functioning of most networks, it also presents certain security risks. ARP poisoning, for example, occurs when an attacker sends fake ARP messages with the goal to associate their MAC address with the IP address of a target device. This can lead to Man-in-the-Middle (MITM) attacks where the attacker can intercept, modify, or block traffic intended for the target device.\n\nTo mitigate ARP poisoning attacks, organizations can implement security measures such as static ARP entries, dynamic ARP inspection, and ensuring that their network devices are updated with the latest security patches.\n\nBy understanding ARP and the potential security risks it presents, you can help protect your network by incorporating appropriate security solutions and staying vigilant against potential threats.",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "ARP Explained - Address Resolution Protocol",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cn8Zxh9bPio",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "D2ptX6ja_HvFEafMIzWOy": {
+    "title": "cat",
+    "description": "`cat` is a widely used command-line utility in UNIX and UNIX-like systems. It stands for \"concatenate\" which, as the name suggests, can be used to concatenate files, display file contents, or combine files. In the context of incident response and discovery tools, `cat` plays an essential role in quickly accessing and assessing the contents of various files that inform on security incidents and help users understand system data as well as potential threats.\n\nUsage\n-----\n\nThe default syntax for `cat` is as follows:\n\n    cat [options] [file(s)]\n    \n\nwhere `options` are command flags to modify the behavior of `cat` and `file(s)` are the input file(s) to be processed. If no file is specified, `cat` reads input from the standard input, which allows it to interact with output from other utilities or commands.\n\nKey Features\n------------\n\nHere are some of the useful features of `cat` in incident response and discovery:\n\n*   **Display file contents**: Quickly view file content, which is useful for examining logs and configuration files.\n    \n        cat file.txt\n        \n    \n*   **Combine multiple files**: Combine contents of multiple files that can be useful while investigating related logs.\n    \n        cat file1.txt file2.txt > combined.txt\n        \n    \n*   **Number lines while displaying**: Use the `-n` flag to show line numbers in the output, assisting in pinpointing specific entries in large files.\n    \n        cat -n file.txt\n        \n    \n*   **Display non-printable characters**: The `-v` flag allows viewing non-printable characters that might be hidden in a file.\n    \n        cat -v file.txt\n        \n    \n*   **Piping and Archiving**: The `cat` command can interface seamlessly with other command-line utilities, allowing complex operations to be performed with ease.\n    \n        cat logs.txt | grep 'ERROR' > error_logs.txt\n        \n    \n\nWrapping Up\n-----------\n\nIn summary, `cat` is a versatile and indispensable tool in cybersecurity for simplifying the process of navigating through files, logs, and data during an incident response. Its compatibility with various other Unix utilities and commands makes it a powerful tool in the hands of cyber professionals.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "9xbU_hrEOUtMm-Q09Fe6t": {
+    "title": "dd",
+    "description": "`dd` is a powerful data duplication and forensic imaging tool that is widely used in the realm of cybersecurity. As an incident responder, this utility can assist you in uncovering important evidence and preserving digital details to reconstruct the event timelines and ultimately prevent future attacks.\n\nThis command-line utility is available on Unix-based systems such as Linux, BSD, and macOS. It can perform tasks like data duplication, data conversion, and error correction. Most importantly, it's an invaluable tool for obtaining a bit-by-bit copy of a disk or file, which can then be analyzed using forensic tools.\n\nUse Cases:\n----------\n\nSome of the common use cases of `dd` in cybersecurity include:\n\n*   Creating an exact copy of a disk or file for forensic analysis.\n*   Retrieving deleted files from a disk image.\n*   Performing data recovery on damaged disks.\n*   Copying data between devices or files quickly and reliably.\n\nGeneral Syntax:\n---------------\n\n    dd if=<input-file> of=<output-file> bs=<block-size> count=<number-of-blocks> skip=<blocks-to-skip> seek=<blocks-to-seek>\n    \n\n*   `if`: The input file or device to read from.\n*   `of`: The output file or device to write to.\n*   `bs`: The number of bytes to read and write at a time.\n*   `count`: The number of blocks to copy.\n*   `skip`: The number of input blocks to skip before starting to copy.\n*   `seek`: The number of output blocks to skip before starting to copy.\n\nYou can simply skip the `count`, `skip`, and `seek` option for default behaviour.\n\nExample:\n--------\n\nLet's say you need to create a forensically sound image of a suspect's USB drive for analysis. You would typically use a command like this:\n\n    dd if=/dev/sdb1 of=~/usb_drive_image.img bs=4096\n    \n\nIn this example, `dd` creates an exact image of the USB drive (`/dev/sdb1`) and writes it to a new file in your home directory called `usb_drive_image.img`.\n\nBe cautious while using `dd` as it can overwrite and destroy data if used incorrectly. Always verify the input and output files and make sure to have backups of important data.\n\nBy mastering the `dd` utility, you'll have a powerful forensic imaging tool at your disposal which will undoubtedly enhance your cybersecurity incident response and discovery capabilities.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "VNmrb5Dm4UKUgL8JBfhnE": {
+    "title": "head",
+    "description": "Summary\n-------\n\n`head` is a versatile command-line utility that enables users to display the first few lines of a text file, by default it shows the first 10 lines. In case of incident response and cyber security, it is a useful tool to quickly analyze logs or configuration files while investigating potential security breaches or malware infections in a system.\n\nUsage\n-----\n\nThe basic syntax of `head` command is as follows:\n\n    head [options] [file(s)]\n    \n\nWhere `options` are flags that could be used to modify the output and `[file(s)]` are the input file(s) for which you want to display the first few lines.\n\nExamples\n--------\n\n*   Display the first 10 lines of a file:\n\n    head myfile.txt\n    \n\n*   You can change the number of lines to display using `-n` flag:\n\n    head -n 20 myfile.txt\n    \n\n*   To display the first 5 lines of multiple files:\n\n    head -n 5 file1.txt file2.txt\n    \n\n*   Another helpful flag is `-q` or `--quiet`, which avoids displaying file headers when viewing multiple files:\n\n    head -q -n 5 file1.txt file2.txt\n    \n\nApplication in Incident Response\n--------------------------------\n\nDuring an incident response, the `head` command helps to quickly analyze logs and files to identify potential malicious activity or errors. You can use `head` to peek into logs at the early stages of an investigation, and once you have gathered enough information, you can move on to more advanced tools to analyze the data in depth.\n\nFor example:\n\n*   Check the first 5 lines of the system log for any potential issues:\n\n    head -n 5 /var/log/syslog\n    \n\n*   Analyze the beginning of a large log file without loading the entire file:\n\n    head -n 100 /var/log/large-log-file.log\n    \n\nIn summary, the `head` command is a handy tool for preliminary analysis of log files that can save crucial time during an incident response. However, for more in-depth analysis, other tools and techniques should be employed.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "Dfz-6aug0juUpMmOJLCJ9": {
+    "title": "grep",
+    "description": "Grep is a powerful command-line tool used for searching and filtering text, primarily in Unix-based systems. Short for \"global regular expression print\", grep is widely used for its ability to search through files and directories, and find lines that match a given pattern. It is particularly useful for incident response and discovery tasks, as it helps you identify specific occurrences of potentially malicious activities within large amounts of log data.\n\nIn this section, we will cover the basics of grep and how to wield its power for efficient incident response.\n\nBasic Syntax\n------------\n\nThe basic syntax of grep is as follows:\n\n    grep [options] pattern [files/directories]\n    \n\n*   `options`: Modify the behavior of grep (e.g., case-insensitive search, display line numbers)\n*   `pattern`: The search pattern, which can be a fixed string, a regular expression, or a combination of both\n*   `files/directories`: The target files or directories to search\n\nCommon Grep Options\n-------------------\n\nHere are some commonly used grep options:\n\n*   `-i`: Perform a case-insensitive search\n*   `-v`: Invert the search, returning lines that do not match the pattern\n*   `-n`: Display line numbers for matching lines\n*   `-r`: Recursively search directories\n*   `-c`: Display the count of matching lines\n\nSample Use Cases\n----------------\n\n*   Case-insensitive search for the word \"password\":\n\n    grep -i \"password\" /var/log/syslog\n    \n\n*   Display line numbers for lines containing \"error\" in log files:\n\n    grep -n \"error\" /var/log/*.log\n    \n\n*   Search for IP addresses in a web server access log:\n\n    grep -E -o \"([0-9]{1,3}\\.){3}[0-9]{1,3}\" /var/log/apache2/access.log\n    \n\nConclusion\n----------\n\nGrep is an indispensable tool for incident response and discovery tasks in cyber security. It allows you to quickly pinpoint specific patterns in large volumes of data, making it easier to identify potential threats and respond accordingly. As you become more proficient with grep and its wide array of options, you'll gain a valuable resource in your cyber security toolkit.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "Sm9bxKUElINHND8FdZ5f2": {
+    "title": "wireshark",
+    "description": "Wireshark is an open-source network protocol analyzer that allows you to monitor and analyze the packets of data transmitted through your network. This powerful tool helps to identify issues in network communication, troubleshoot application protocol problems, and keep a close eye on cyber security threats.\n\nKey Features of Wireshark\n-------------------------\n\n*   **Packet Analysis:** Wireshark inspects each packet in real-time, allowing you to delve deep into the various layers of network protocols to gather valuable information about the source, destination, size, and type of data.\n    \n*   **Intuitive User Interface:** The graphical user interface (GUI) in Wireshark is easy to navigate, making it accessible for both new and experienced users. The main interface displays a summary of packet information that can be further examined in individual packet detail and hex views.\n    \n*   **Display Filters:** Wireshark supports wide-range of filtering options to focus on specific network traffic or packets. These display filters help in pinpointing the desired data more efficiently.\n    \n*   **Capture Filters:** In addition to display filters, Wireshark also allows the use of capture filters that limit the data captured based on specific criteria such as IP addresses or protocol types. This helps to mitigate the volume of irrelevant data and reduce storage requirements.\n    \n*   **Protocol Support:** Wireshark supports hundreds of network protocols, providing comprehensive insights into your network.\n    \n\nHow to Use Wireshark\n--------------------\n\n*   **Download and Install:** Visit the [Wireshark official website](https://www.wireshark.org/) and download the appropriate version for your operating system. Follow the installation prompts to complete the process.\n    \n*   **Capture Network Traffic:** Launch Wireshark and select the network interface you want to monitor (e.g., Wi-Fi, Ethernet). Click the \"Start\" button to begin capturing live packet data.\n    \n*   **Analyze and Filter Packets:** As packets are captured, they will be displayed in the main interface. You can apply display filters to narrow down the displayed data or search for specific packets using different parameters.\n    \n*   **Stop and Save Capture:** When you're done analyzing network traffic, click the \"Stop\" button to cease capturing packets. You may save the captured data for future analysis by selecting \"File\" > \"Save As\" and choosing a suitable file format.\n    \n\nWireshark's capabilities make it an invaluable tool in incident response and discovery for cyber security professionals. Familiarize yourself with this tool to gain a deeper understanding of your network's security and prevent potential cyber threats.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "gNan93Mg9Ym2AF3Q2gqoi": {
+    "title": "winhex",
+    "description": "WinHex is a versatile forensic tool that every incident responder should have in their arsenal. In this section, we will provide you with a brief summary of WinHex and its capabilities in assisting in incident response and discovery tasks. WinHex is a popular hex and disk editor for computer forensics and data recovery purposes.\n\nKey Features of WinHex\n----------------------\n\nHere are some of the essential features of WinHex that make it an excellent tool for incident response:\n\n*   **Hex Editing**: As a hex editor, WinHex allows you to analyze file structures and edit raw data. It supports files of any size and can search for hex values, strings, or data patterns, which is particularly helpful in forensic analysis.\n    \n*   **Disk Imaging and Cloning**: WinHex can be used to image and clone disks, which is helpful during incident response to acquire forensic copies of compromised systems for analysis. The imaging process can be customized to support different compression levels, block sizes, and error handling options.\n    \n*   **File Recovery**: With WinHex, you can recover lost, deleted, or damaged files from various file systems such as FAT, NTFS, and others. It can search for specific file types based on their headers and footers, making it easier to locate and recover pertinent files during an investigation.\n    \n*   **RAM Analysis**: WinHex provides the functionality to capture and analyze the contents of physical memory (RAM). This feature can help incident responders to identify and examine malware artifacts, running processes, and other valuable information residing in memory while responding to an incident.\n    \n*   **Slack Space and Unallocated Space Analysis**: WinHex can analyze and display the content in slack spaces and unallocated spaces on a drive. This capability enables a more thorough investigation as fragments of critical evidence might be residing in these areas.\n    \n*   **Scripting Support**: WinHex allows automation of common tasks with its scripting language (called WinHex Scripting or WHS). This feature enables efficient and consistent processing during forensic investigations.\n    \n*   **Integration with X-Ways Forensics**: WinHex is seamlessly integrated with X-Ways Forensics, providing access to an array of powerful forensic features, such as advanced data carving, timeline analysis, registry analysis, and more.\n    \n\nUsing WinHex in Incident Response\n---------------------------------\n\nArmed with the knowledge of its essential features, you can utilize WinHex in several ways during incident response:\n\n*   Conducting an initial assessment or triage of a compromised system by analyzing logs, file metadata, and relevant artifacts.\n*   Acquiring disk images of affected systems for further analysis or preservation of evidence.\n*   Analyzing and recovering files that might have been deleted, tampered with, or inadvertently lost during the incident.\n*   Examining memory for traces of malware or remnants of an attacker's activities.\n*   Crafting custom scripts to automate repetitive tasks, ensuring a more efficient and systematic investigation.\n\nIn conclusion, WinHex is an indispensable and powerful utility for incident responders. Its diverse set of features makes it suitable for various tasks, from initial triage to in-depth forensic investigations. By incorporating WinHex into your incident response toolkit, you can enhance your ability to analyze, understand, and respond to security incidents effectively.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "wspNQPmqWRjKoFm6x_bVw": {
+    "title": "memdump",
+    "description": "Memdump is a handy tool designed for forensic analysis of a system's memory. The main purpose of Memdump is to extract valuable information from the RAM of a computer during a cyber security incident or investigation. By analyzing the memory dump, cyber security professionals can gain insights into the attacker's methods, identify malicious processes, and uncover potential evidence for digital forensics purposes.\n\nKey Features\n------------\n\n*   **Memory Dumping**: Memdump allows you to create an image of the RAM of a computer, capturing the memory contents for later analysis.\n*   **File Extraction**: With Memdump, you can extract executable files or any other file types from the memory dump to investigate potential malware or data theft.\n*   **String Analysis**: Memdump can help you identify suspicious strings within the memory dump, which may provide crucial information about an ongoing attack or malware's behavior.\n*   **Compatibility**: Memdump is compatible with various operating systems, including Windows, Linux, and macOS.\n\nExample Usage\n-------------\n\nFor a Windows environment, you can use Memdump as follows:\n\n    memdump.exe -O output_file_path\n    \n\nThis command will create a memory dump of the entire RAM of the system and save it to the specified output file path. You can then analyze this memory dump using specialized forensic tools to uncover valuable information about any cyber security incidents.\n\nRemember that Memdump should always be executed with administrator privileges so that it can access the entire memory space.\n\nConclusion\n----------\n\nMemdump is a powerful forensic tool that can greatly assist you in conducting an incident response or discovery process. By capturing and analyzing a system's memory, you can identify threats, gather evidence, and ultimately enhance your overall cyber security posture.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "_jJhL1RtaqHJmlcWrd-Ak": {
+    "title": "FTK Imager",
+    "description": "[FTK Imager](https://accessdata.com/product-download/digital-forensics/ftk-imager-version-3.1.1) is a popular and widely used free imaging tool developed by AccessData. It allows forensic analysts and IT professionals to create forensic images of digital devices and storage media. It is ideal for incident response and discovery as it helps in preserving and investigating digital evidence that is crucial for handling cyber security incidents.\n\nFTK Imager provides users with a variety of essential features, such as:\n\n*   **Creating forensic images**: FTK Imager can create a forensically sound image of a computer's disk or other storage device in various formats, including raw (dd), E01, and AFF formats.\n    \n*   **Previewing data**: It allows analysts to preview data stored on any imaging source, such as a hard drive, even before creating a forensic image so that they can determine if the source's data is relevant to the investigation.\n    \n*   **Acquiring live data**: FTK Imager can help capture memory (RAM) of a live system for further investigation, allowing you to analyze system information such as running processes, network connections, and file handles.\n    \n*   **Examining file systems**: It offers the ability to browse and examine file systems, identify file types, view, and export files and directories without needing to mount the disk image.\n    \n*   **Hashing support**: FTK Imager supports hashing files and capturing evident files, ensuring the integrity of data and confirming that the original data has not been tampered with during investigation and analysis.\n    \n*   **Mounting images**: Users can mount forensic images, enabling them to view and analyze disk images using various third-party tools.\n    \n\nTo use FTK Imager effectively in incident response:\n\n*   Download and install FTK Imager from the [official website](https://accessdata.com/product-download/digital-forensics/ftk-imager-version-3.1.1).\n*   Launch FTK Imager to create forensic images of digital devices or storage media by following the [user guide](https://ad-pdf.s3.amazonaws.com/Imager%20Lite%204_2%20Users%20Guide.pdf) and best practices.\n*   Preview, examine, and export data as needed for further investigation and analysis.\n*   Use FTK Imager along with other forensic tools and techniques to perform comprehensive digital investigations during incident response and discovery scenarios.\n\nIn summary, FTK Imager is a versatile tool that plays a critical role in incident response and discovery efforts by providing secure and forensically sound digital imaging capabilities, enabling investigators to preserve, analyze, and present digital evidence for successful cyber security investigations.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "bIwpjIoxSUZloxDuQNpMu": {
+    "title": "autopsy",
+    "description": "Autopsy is a versatile and powerful open-source digital forensics platform that is primarily used for incident response, cyber security investigations, and data recovery. As an investigator, you can utilize Autopsy to quickly and efficiently analyze a compromised system, extract crucial artifacts, and generate comprehensive reports. Integrated with The Sleuth Kit and other plug-ins, Autopsy allows examiners to automate tasks and dig deep into a system's structure to discover the root cause of an incident.\n\nFeatures of Autopsy\n-------------------\n\n*   **Central Repository**: Autopsy features a central repository that allows analysts to store and manage case data, ingest modules, and collaborate with other team members. This functionality streamlines the investigation process with effective communication, data sharing, and collaborative analysis.\n    \n*   **Intuitive Interface**: Autopsy's graphical user interface (GUI) is user-friendly and well organized. It presents the results in a structured and easy-to-navigate layout, showcasing file systems, metadata, and text strings from binary files.\n    \n*   **File System Support**: Autopsy natively supports multiple file systems like FAT12, FAT16, FAT32, NTFS, ext2, ext3, ext4, UFS1, UFS2, and more, making it an ideal solution for analyzing different storage devices.\n    \n*   **Timeline Analysis**: The Timeline feature in Autopsy allows analysts to visualize and explore the chronological sequence of file system events. This can be essential in understanding the chain of events during an incident and identifying suspicious activities or anomalies.\n    \n*   **Keyword Search**: Autopsy's keyword search function is an invaluable tool for locating artifacts of interest using keywords or regular expressions. Investigators can identify incriminating documents, emails or other files by searching for specific terms, phrases, or patterns.\n    \n*   **Integration with Other Tools**: Autopsy's modular design enables seamless integration with various digital forensics tools, facilitating the analysis with specialized features and functions, such as Volatility for memory analysis or PLASO for log parsing.\n    \n\nInstallation and Usage\n----------------------\n\nAutopsy is available for download from its official website, [www.autopsy.com/download/](https://www.autopsy.com/download/), and can be installed on Windows, Linux, and macOS platforms.\n\nOnce installed, creating a new case is easy. Follow these basic steps:\n\n*   Launch Autopsy.\n*   Click on the \"New Case\" button.\n*   Provide a case name, case number, examiner, and case directory.\n*   Add a data source (e.g., a disk image, local folder, or cloud storage) to the case.\n*   Configure data ingestion options and select specific modules of interest.\n*   Click on \"Finish\" to begin the data analysis.\n\nAs Autopsy completes its analysis, it will generate a comprehensive report that can be utilized for internal reporting, maintaining case records, or presenting evidence in legal proceedings.\n\nConclusion\n----------\n\nIn conclusion, Autopsy is a valuable tool for incident response and digital forensics professionals. By mastering its functions and capabilities, you can enhance your capabilities in incident investigations, data recovery, and threat attribution.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "XyaWZZ45axJMKXoWwsyFj": {
+    "title": "dig",
+    "description": "Dig, short for Domain Information Groper, is a command-line tool used to query Domain Name System (DNS) servers to obtain valuable information about DNS records. Dig is available on most Unix-based systems, including Linux and macOS, and can also be installed on Windows.\n\nAs part of your incident response toolkit, dig helps you to discover essential domain details such as domain's IP addresses, mail server details, name servers, and more. This can be crucial when tracking down a cyberattack or monitoring the DNS health of your own organization.\n\nInstallation\n------------\n\nFor Linux and macOS systems, dig is usually pre-installed as part of the BIND (Berkeley Internet Name Domain) package. To check if dig is installed, execute the following command:\n\n    dig -v\n    \n\nIf the command is not found, install it using your system's package manager:\n\n*   For Debian-based systems (Debian, Ubuntu, etc.):\n    \n        sudo apt-get install dnsutils\n        \n    \n*   For Red Hat-based systems (RHEL, CentOS, Fedora, etc.):\n    \n        sudo yum install bind-utils\n        \n    \n*   For macOS:\n    \n        brew install bind\n        \n    \n*   For Windows, download the BIND package from the [official website](https://www.isc.org/download/) and follow the installation instructions.\n    \n\nBasic Usage\n-----------\n\nThe basic syntax for using dig is:\n\n    dig [options] [name] [record type]\n    \n\nWhere `options` can be various command-line flags, `name` is the domain name you want to query, and `record type` is the type of DNS record you want to fetch (e.g., A, MX, NS, TXT, etc.).\n\nHere are a few examples:\n\n*   To query the IP addresses (A records) of [example.com](http://example.com):\n    \n        dig example.com A\n        \n    \n*   To query the mail servers (MX records) of [example.com](http://example.com):\n    \n        dig example.com MX\n        \n    \n*   To query the name servers (NS records) of [example.com](http://example.com):\n    \n        dig example.com NS\n        \n    \n\nBy default, dig queries your system's configured DNS servers, but you can also specify a custom DNS server as follows:\n\n    dig @8.8.8.8 example.com A\n    \n\nWhere `8.8.8.8` is the IP address of the custom DNS server (e.g., Google's Public DNS).\n\nAdvanced Usage\n--------------\n\nDig offers a variety of options for specifying query behavior, controlling output, and troubleshooting DNS issues.\n\n*   To display only the answer section of the response:\n    \n        dig example.com A +short\n        \n    \n*   To control the number of retries and timeout:\n    \n        dig example.com A +tries=2 +time=1\n        \n    \n*   To query a specific DNSSEC (DNS Security Extensions) record:\n    \n        dig example.com DNSKEY\n        \n    \n*   To show traceroute-like output for following the DNS delegation path:\n    \n        dig example.com A +trace\n        \n    \n\nFor a comprehensive list of options, consult the [dig man page](https://manpages.debian.org/stretch/dnsutils/dig.1.en.html) and the [official BIND documentation](https://bind9.readthedocs.io/en/latest/reference.html#dig).\n\nConclusion\n----------\n\nDig is a powerful and flexible tool for querying DNS information, making it an essential part of any cyber security professional's toolkit. Whether you're investigating a breach, monitoring domain health, or troubleshooting DNS issues, dig can help you discover critical information about domain names and their associated records.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "762Wf_Eh-3zq69CZZiIjR": {
+    "title": "tail",
+    "description": "Summary\n-------\n\n`head` is a versatile command-line utility that enables users to display the first few lines of a text file, by default it shows the first 10 lines. In case of incident response and cyber security, it is a useful tool to quickly analyze logs or configuration files while investigating potential security breaches or malware infections in a system.\n\nUsage\n-----\n\nThe basic syntax of `head` command is as follows:\n\n    head [options] [file(s)]\n    \n\nWhere `options` are flags that could be used to modify the output and `[file(s)]` are the input file(s) for which you want to display the first few lines.\n\nExamples\n--------\n\n*   Display the first 10 lines of a file:\n\n    head myfile.txt\n    \n\n*   You can change the number of lines to display using `-n` flag:\n\n    head -n 20 myfile.txt\n    \n\n*   To display the first 5 lines of multiple files:\n\n    head -n 5 file1.txt file2.txt\n    \n\n*   Another helpful flag is `-q` or `--quiet`, which avoids displaying file headers when viewing multiple files:\n\n    head -q -n 5 file1.txt file2.txt\n    \n\nApplication in Incident Response\n--------------------------------\n\nDuring an incident response, the `head` command helps to quickly analyze logs and files to identify potential malicious activity or errors. You can use `head` to peek into logs at the early stages of an investigation, and once you have gathered enough information, you can move on to more advanced tools to analyze the data in depth.\n\nFor example:\n\n*   Check the first 5 lines of the system log for any potential issues:\n\n    head -n 5 /var/log/syslog\n    \n\n*   Analyze the beginning of a large log file without loading the entire file:\n\n    head -n 100 /var/log/large-log-file.log\n    \n\nIn summary, the `head` command is a handy tool for preliminary analysis of log files that can save crucial time during an incident response. However, for more in-depth analysis, other tools and techniques should be employed.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "IXNGFF4sOFbQ_aND-ELK0": {
+    "title": "ipconfig",
+    "description": "`ipconfig` is a widely-used command-line utility for Windows operating systems that provides valuable information regarding a computer's network configuration. It can be extremely helpful for incident response and discovery tasks when investigating network-related issues, extracting crucial network details, or when trying to ascertain a machine's IP address.\n\nHow to Use Ipconfig\n-------------------\n\nTo utilize `ipconfig`, open the Command Prompt (CMD) by pressing Windows Key + R, type `cmd`, and hit Enter. Once the CMD is open, type `ipconfig` and press Enter. The following information will be displayed:\n\n*   **IPv4 Address:** The assigned IP address for the local machine.\n*   **Subnet Mask:** The mask used to separate the host addresses from the network addresses.\n*   **Default Gateway:** The IP address of the immediate network gateway that the local machine communicates with.\n\nAdditional Ipconfig Commands\n----------------------------\n\n`ipconfig` offers supplementary commands that can provide useful information:\n\n*   **ipconfig /all:** Provides detailed information about network configurations, including Host Name, DNS Servers, and DHCP configuration status.\n*   **ipconfig /renew:** Renews the DHCP lease, giving a new IP address (if possible) from the DHCP server.\n*   **ipconfig /release:** Releases the assigned IP address, disconnecting the machine from network access.\n*   **ipconfig /flushdns:** Clears the DNS cache, removing all stored DNS entries.\n\nBenefits of Ipconfig for Incident Response and Discovery\n--------------------------------------------------------\n\n`ipconfig` is an efficient tool for Incident Response (IR) teams and network administrators to troubleshoot and uncover vital network details during a cyber-security event. Some notable benefits include:\n\n*   **Discovering IP Addresses:** Identify the local machine's IP, Gateway, and DNS server addresses, which might be relevant during an investigation, or while assessing network exposure or communication with rogue servers.\n*   **Identifying Configuration Issues:** Uncover misconfigured network settings or discrepancies between IP, DNS, or default gateway addresses, which could be signs of malicious activity.\n*   **DNS Cache Investigation:** Examine DNS cache entries as evidence of possible communication to malicious domains, or clear the DNS cache to alleviate malware behavior.\n*   **Troubleshooting Connection Problems:** Validate network connectivity directly, from the local host or with remote hosts through tools like `ping` or `tracert`, utilizing IP addresses from `ipconfig`.\n\n`Ipconfig` is an essential and user-friendly utility for gathering network configuration details, allowing IT professionals to respond efficiently, ensure security, and maintain the health of their computer systems during investigations or discovery tasks.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "jqWhR6oTyX6yolUBv71VC": {
+    "title": "Salting",
+    "description": "Salting is a crucial concept within the realm of cryptography. It is a technique employed to enhance the security of passwords or equivalent sensitive data by adding an extra layer of protection to safeguard them against hacking attempts, such as brute-force attacks or dictionary attacks.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "0UZmAECMnfioi-VeXcvg8": {
+    "title": "Hashing",
+    "description": "In this section, we will discuss the concept of _hashing_, an important cryptographic primitive, and its multiple applications in the realm of cyber security.\n\n**What is Hashing?**\n\nA _hash function_ is a mathematical algorithm that takes an input (or 'message') and returns a fixed-size string of bytes, usually in the form of a hexadecimal number. The output is called the _hash value_ or simply, the _hash_. Some characteristics of a good hash function are:\n\n*   _Deterministic_: The same input will always result in the same hash output.\n*   _Efficient_: The time taken to compute the hash should be as quick as possible.\n*   _Avalanche Effect_: A tiny change in the input should result in a drastically different hash output.\n*   _One-way Function_: It should be computationally infeasible to reverse-engineer the input from its hash output.\n*   _Collision Resistance_: It should be extremely unlikely to find two different inputs that produce the same hash output.\n\n**Common Hashing Algorithms**\n\nThere are several widely used hashing algorithms with different strengths and weaknesses. Some of the most common ones include:\n\n*   MD5 (Message Digest 5): Produces a 128-bit hash value. It is no longer considered secure due to vulnerability to collision attacks.\n*   SHA-1 (Secure Hash Algorithm 1): Generates a 160-bit hash value. Like MD5, it is no longer considered secure due to collision attacks and is being phased out.\n*   SHA-256 and SHA-512: Part of the SHA-2 family, SHA-256 produces a 256-bit hash value, while SHA-512 generates a 512-bit hash value. Both are widely adopted and considered secure.\n\n**Applications of Hashing**\n\nHashing is a versatile mechanism and serves many purposes in cyber security, such as:\n\n*   _Data Integrity_: Hashing can be used to ensure that a file or piece of data hasn't been altered or tampered with. Comparing the hash value of the original and received data can determine if they match.\n    \n*   _Password Storage_: Storing users' passwords as hashes makes it difficult for attackers to obtain the plain-text passwords even if they gain access to the stored hashes.\n    \n*   _Digital Signatures_: Digital signatures often rely on cryptographic hash functions to verify the integrity and authenticity of a message or piece of data.\n    \n*   _Proof of Work_: Hash functions are employed in consensus algorithms like the one used in Bitcoin mining, as they can solve computational challenges.\n    \n\nIn conclusion, hashing is a crucial technique in ensuring data integrity and maintaining security in various areas of cyber security. Understanding and adopting secure hashing algorithms is an essential skill for any cyber security professional.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "rmR6HJqEhHDgX55Xy5BAW": {
+    "title": "Key Exchange",
+    "description": "Key exchange, also known as key establishment, is a process where two parties establish a shared secret key that can be used to encrypt and decrypt messages between them. This key ensures secure communication, preventing eavesdropping and tampering by third parties. There are various key exchange protocols and algorithms to choose from, and in this section, we will go over some of the most important ones.\n\nSymmetric vs Asymmetric Encryption\n----------------------------------\n\nBefore diving into key exchange methods, let's briefly differentiate between symmetric and asymmetric encryption:\n\n*   **Symmetric encryption** uses the same key for encryption and decryption. Examples include the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) and Triple Data Encryption Algorithm (3DES). The main challenge in symmetric encryption is securely sharing the key between the involved parties.\n    \n*   **Asymmetric encryption**, also known as public-key cryptography, uses two different keys - a private key and a public key. The private key is kept secret, while the public key is shared freely. You can encrypt a message using the recipient's public key, and only the corresponding private key can decrypt it. Examples of asymmetric encryption algorithms include RSA and Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC).\n    \n\nDiffie-Hellman Key Exchange\n---------------------------\n\nDiffie-Hellman (DH) is a cryptographic protocol that enables two parties to agree on a shared secret key without prior knowledge of each other. The key exchange happens over a public channel and is based on the mathematical properties of modular arithmetic and exponentiation.\n\nHere's an outline of how the DH protocol works:\n\n*   Both parties agree on a large prime number, `p`, and a base, `g`, which are publicly known and can be used by all users in the network.\n*   Each party generates a private secret key: Alice generates `a`, and Bob generates `b`. These keys should remain confidential.\n*   They compute public values: Alice calculates `A = g^a mod p`, and Bob calculates `B = g^b mod p`. Both `A` and `B` are sent over the public channel.\n*   The shared secret key is calculated using public values: Alice computes `s = B^a mod p`, and Bob computes `s = A^b mod p`. Both calculations result in the same value `s`, which can be used as the shared key for symmetric encryption.\n\nThe security of DH relies on the difficulty of the Discrete Logarithm Problem (DLP). However, DH is susceptible to man-in-the-middle (MITM) attacks, where an attacker can intercept the public key exchange process and provide their public keys instead.\n\nElliptic Curve Diffie-Hellman (ECDH)\n------------------------------------\n\nElliptic Curve Diffie-Hellman (ECDH) is a variant of the DH protocol that uses elliptic curve cryptography instead of modular arithmetic. ECDH provides similar security to DH but with shorter key lengths, which results in faster computations and reduced resource consumption.\n\nECDH works similarly to the standard DH protocol, but with elliptic curve operations:\n\n*   Both parties agree on an elliptic curve and a base point `G` on the curve.\n*   Each party generates a private secret key: Alice generates `a`, and Bob generates `b`.\n*   They compute public values: Alice calculates the point `A = aG`, and Bob calculates the point `B = bG`. Both `A` and `B` are sent over the public channel.\n*   The shared secret key is calculated using public values: Alice computes `s = aB`, and Bob computes `s = bA`. These calculations result in the same point `s`, which can be used as the shared key for symmetric encryption.\n\nPublic-Key Infrastructure and Key Exchange\n------------------------------------------\n\nIn practice, secure key exchange often involves the use of public-key infrastructure (PKI). A PKI system consists of a hierarchy of trusted authorities, known as Certificate Authorities (CAs), which issue and verify digital certificates. Certificates are used to authenticate public keys and their ownership, helping mitigate man-in-the-middle attacks.\n\nDuring key exchange, parties exchange certificates to verify each other's public keys. This process is often followed by a secure key exchange protocol like DH or ECDH to establish a shared secret key for symmetric encryption.\n\nIn conclusion, key exchange protocols play a crucial role in ensuring secure communication. Understanding the fundamentals of key exchange and its various mechanisms can greatly help in achieving robust cybersecurity.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "fxyJxrf3mnFTa3wXk1MCW": {
+    "title": "PKI",
+    "description": "Public Key Infrastructure, or PKI, is a system used to manage the distribution and identification of public encryption keys. It provides a framework for the creation, storage, and distribution of digital certificates, allowing users to exchange data securely through the use of a public and private cryptographic key pair provided by a Certificate Authority (CA).\n\nKey Components of PKI\n---------------------\n\n*   **Certificate Authority (CA):** A trusted third-party organization that issues and manages digital certificates. The CA verifies the identity of entities and issues digital certificates attesting to that identity.\n    \n*   **Registration Authority (RA):** A subordinate authority that assists the CA in validating entities' identity before issuing digital certificates. The RA may also be involved in revoking certificates or managing key recovery.\n    \n*   **Digital Certificates:** Electronic documents containing the public key and other identifying information about the entity, along with a digital signature from the CA.\n    \n*   **Private and Public Key Pair:** Unique cryptographic keys generated together, where the public key is shared with others and the private key is kept secret by the owner. The public key encrypts data, and only the corresponding private key can decrypt it.\n    \n\nBenefits of PKI\n---------------\n\n*   **Secure Communication:** PKI enables secure communication across networks by encrypting data transmitted between parties, ensuring that only the intended recipient can read it.\n    \n*   **Authentication:** Digital certificates issued by a CA validate the identity of entities and their public keys, enabling trust between parties.\n    \n*   **Non-repudiation:** PKI ensures that a sender cannot deny sending a message, as their digital signature is unique and verified by their digital certificate.\n    \n*   **Integrity:** PKI confirms the integrity of messages by ensuring that they have not been tampered with during transmission.\n    \n\nCommon Uses of PKI\n------------------\n\n*   Secure email communication\n*   Secure file transfer\n*   Secure remote access and VPNs\n*   Secure web browsing (HTTPS)\n*   Digital signatures\n*   Internet of Things (IoT) security\n\nIn summary, PKI plays a crucial role in establishing trust and secure communication between entities in the digital world. By using a system of trusted CAs and digital certificates, PKI provides a secure means of exchanging data, authentication, and maintaining the integrity of digital assets.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "7svh9qaaPp0Hz23yinIye": {
+    "title": "Private vs Public Keys",
+    "description": "Cryptography plays a vital role in securing cyber systems from unauthorized access and protecting sensitive information. One of the most popular methods used for ensuring data privacy and authentication is the concept of **Public-Key Cryptography**. This type of cryptography relies on two distinct keys: **Private Key** and **Public Key**. This section provides a brief summary of Private Keys and Public Keys, and highlights the differences between the two.\n\nPrivate Key\n-----------\n\nA Private Key, also known as a Secret Key, is a confidential cryptographic key that is uniquely associated with an individual or an organization. It should be kept secret and not revealed to anyone, except the authorized person who owns it. The Private Key is used for decrypting data that was encrypted using the corresponding Public Key, or for signing digital documents, proving the identity of the signer.\n\nKey characteristics of Private Keys:\n\n*   Confidential and not shared with others\n*   Used for decryption or digital signing\n*   Loss or theft of Private Key can lead to data breaches and compromise of sensitive information\n\nPublic Key\n----------\n\nA Public Key is an openly available cryptographic key that is paired with a Private Key. Anyone can use the Public Key to encrypt data or to verify signatures, but only the person/organization with the corresponding Private Key can decrypt the encrypted data or create signatures. The Public Key can be distributed freely without compromising the security of the underlying cryptographic system.\n\nKey characteristics of Public Keys:\n\n*   Publicly available and can be shared with anyone\n*   Used for encryption or verifying digital signatures\n*   Loss or theft of Public Key does not compromise sensitive information or communication security\n\nKey Differences\n---------------\n\nThe main differences between Private and Public keys are as follows:\n\n*   Ownership: The Private Key is confidential and owned by a specific individual/organization, while the Public Key is owned by the same individual/organization but can be publicly distributed.\n*   Accessibility: The Private Key is never shared or revealed to anyone, whereas the Public Key can be shared freely.\n*   Purpose: The Private Key is used for decrypting data and creating digital signatures, while the Public Key is used for encrypting data and verifying digital signatures.\n*   Security: Loss or theft of the Private Key can lead to serious security breaches while losing a Public Key does not compromise the security of the system.\n\nUnderstanding the roles and differences between Private and Public Keys is essential for ensuring the effective application of Public-Key Cryptography in securing cyber systems and protecting sensitive information.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "kxlg6rpfqqoBfmMMg3EkJ": {
+    "title": "Obfuscation",
+    "description": "Obfuscation is the practice of making something difficult to understand or find by altering or hiding its appearance or content. In the context of cyber security and cryptography, obfuscation refers to the process of making data, code, or communication less readable and harder to interpret or reverse engineer.\n\n5.1 Why Use Obfuscation?\n------------------------\n\nThe primary purpose of obfuscation is to enhance security by:\n\n*   Concealing sensitive information from unauthorized access or misuse.\n*   Protecting intellectual property (such as proprietary algorithms and code).\n*   Preventing or impeding reverse engineering, tampering, or analysis of code or data structures.\n\nObfuscation can complement other security measures such as encryption, authentication, and access control, but it should not be relied upon as the sole line of defense.\n\n5.2 Techniques for Obfuscation\n------------------------------\n\nThere are several techniques for obfuscating data or code, including:\n\n*   **Identifier renaming**: This technique involves changing the names of variables, functions, or objects in code to make it harder for an attacker to understand their purpose or behavior.\n    \n    _Example: Renaming `processPayment()` to `a1b2c3()`._\n    \n*   **Control flow alteration**: This involves modifying the structure of code to make it difficult to follow or analyze, without affecting its functionality. This can include techniques such as inserting dummy loops or conditionals, or changing the order of instructions.\n    \n    _Example: Changing a straightforward loop into a series of nested loops with added conditional statements._\n    \n*   **Data encoding**: Transforming or encoding data can make it less legible and harder to extract or manipulate. This can involve encoding strings or data structures, or splitting data across multiple variables or containers.\n    \n    _Example: Encoding a string as a series of character codes or a base64-encoded binary string._\n    \n*   **Code encryption**: Encrypting portions of code or entire programs can prevent reverse engineering, tampering, or analysis. The code is decrypted at runtime, either by an interpreter or within the application itself.\n    \n    _Example: Using a cryptographically secure encryption algorithm, such as AES, to encrypt the main logic of a program._\n    \n\n5.3 Limitations and Considerations\n----------------------------------\n\nWhile obfuscation can be an effective deterrent against casual or unskilled attackers, it's important to recognize its limitations:\n\n*   It is not foolproof: Determined and skilled attackers can often reverse-engineer or deobfuscate code or data if they are motivated enough.\n*   Obfuscation can impact performance and maintainability: The added complexity and overhead can make code slower to execute and harder to maintain or update.\n*   Relying solely on obfuscation is not recommended: It should be used as one layer in a comprehensive security strategy that includes encryption, authentication, and access control.\n\nIn conclusion, obfuscation can be a useful tool to improve the security posture of a system, but it should not be relied upon as the only means of protection.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "auR7fNyd77W2UA-PjXeJS": {
+    "title": "ATT&CK",
+    "description": "MITRE ATT&CK® stands for Adversarial Tactics, Techniques & Common Knowledge.\n\nMITRE ATT&CK documents various strategies, methods, and processes employed by adversaries at every stage of a cybersecurity incident, from the reconnaissance and strategizing phase to the final implementation of the attack.\n\nThe insights provided by MITRE ATT&CK can empower security professionals and teams to enhance their defensive strategies and responses against potential threats.\n\nThis framework was created by the non-profit organization MITRE Corporation and is continuously updated with contributions from cybersecurity experts worldwide.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "MITRE ATT&CK®",
+        "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "MITRE ATT&CK Framework",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yxv1suJYMI8",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Introduction To The MITRE ATT&CK Framework",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LCec9K0aAkM",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "7Bmp4x6gbvWMuVDdGRUGj": {
+    "title": "Kill Chain",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "AY-hoPGnAZSd1ExaYX8LR": {
+    "title": "Diamond Model",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "oRssaVG-K-JwlL6TAHhXw": {
+    "title": "ISO",
+    "description": "The **International Organization for Standardization (ISO)** is an international standard-setting body composed of representatives from various national standards organizations. It promotes worldwide proprietary, industrial, and commercial standards. In the domain of cyber security, there are several important ISO standards that help organizations to protect their sensitive data and to be resilient against cyber threats. In this guide, we will discuss some of the most notable standards related to cyber security:\n\nISO/IEC 27001 - Information Security Management\n-----------------------------------------------\n\nISO/IEC 27001 is a globally recognized standard that sets out requirements for an **Information Security Management System (ISMS)**. It provides a systematic approach to manage and secure sensitive data pertaining to an organization. By implementing this standard, organizations can demonstrate their commitment to maintaining the highest level of information security and reassure their customers, partners, and stakeholders.\n\nKey aspects of ISO/IEC 27001 include:\n\n*   Establishing an information security policy\n*   Conducting a risk assessment and managing risk\n*   Implementing appropriate information security controls\n*   Monitoring and reviewing the effectiveness of the ISMS\n*   Continuously improving the ISMS\n\nISO/IEC 27032 - Cyber Security\n------------------------------\n\nISO/IEC 27032 is a guidance on **cybersecurity** that provides a framework for establishing and maintaining a secure cyberspace. This standard addresses various aspects such as information privacy, data integrity, and availability in the context of cyber risk. It covers guidelines for information sharing, incident management & coordination, and collaboration among stakeholders in cyberspace.\n\nISO/IEC 27035 - Incident Management\n-----------------------------------\n\nISO/IEC 27035 is a standard for **Information Security Incident Management**. It assists organizations in preparing for, identifying, and handling information security incidents. This standard covers the entire lifecycle of an incident from preparedness to lessons learned. By effectively managing incidents, organizations can minimize the adverse impact of incidents and improve their overall security posture.\n\nISO/IEC 27701 - Privacy Information Management\n----------------------------------------------\n\nISO/IEC 27701 is an extension to ISO/IEC 27001 and ISO/IEC 27002 that provides a framework for managing the **privacy of personal information**. This standard helps organizations to comply with data protection laws and regulations, such as the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). Key elements include data minimization, data subject access, data breach notification, and third-party management.\n\nIn conclusion, the ISO has established several robust cyber security standards that organizations can adopt to protect their sensitive data and ensure business continuity. By implementing these standards, you can mitigate risks associated with cyber attacks and ensure the overall security and compliance in your organization.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "SOkJUTd1NUKSwYMIprv4m": {
+    "title": "NIST",
+    "description": "[NIST](https://www.nist.gov/) is an agency under the U.S. Department of Commerce that develops and promotes measurement, standards, and technology. One of their primary responsibilities is the development of cyber security standards and guidelines, which help organizations improve their security posture by following the best practices and recommendations laid out by NIST.\n\nSome important NIST publications related to cyber security are:\n\nNIST Cybersecurity Framework\n----------------------------\n\nThe [NIST Cybersecurity Framework](https://www.nist.gov/cyberframework) provides a structure for managing cyber risks and helps organizations understand, communicate, and manage their cyber risks. It outlines five core functions:\n\n*   Identify – Develop understanding of risks to systems, assets, data, and capabilities\n*   Protect – Implement safeguards to ensure delivery of critical infrastructure services\n*   Detect – Identify occurrence of a cybersecurity event in a timely manner\n*   Respond – Take action on detected cybersecurity events to contain the impact\n*   Recover – Maintain plans for resilience and restore capabilities or services impaired due to a cybersecurity event\n\nNIST Special Publication 800-53 (SP 800-53)\n-------------------------------------------\n\n[NIST SP 800-53](https://csrc.nist.gov/publications/detail/sp/800-53/rev-5/final) provides guidelines for selecting security and privacy controls for federal information systems as well as for systems that process federal information. This publication defines specific security and privacy controls that can be applied to address various risk factors and offers guidance on tailoring these controls for the unique needs of an organization.\n\nNIST Special Publication 800-171 (SP 800-171)\n---------------------------------------------\n\n[NIST SP 800-171](https://csrc.nist.gov/publications/detail/sp/800-171/rev-2/final) addresses security requirements for protecting controlled unclassified information (CUI) in non-federal information systems and organizations. It is particularly relevant for entities that work with federal agencies, as they must meet these requirements in order to manage and safeguard CUI effectively.\n\nNIST Risk Management Framework (RMF)\n------------------------------------\n\nThe [NIST Risk Management Framework](https://csrc.nist.gov/projects/risk-management/) provides a structured process for organizations to manage security and privacy risks using NIST guidelines and standards. This framework consists of six steps:\n\n*   Categorize Information Systems\n*   Select Security Controls\n*   Implement Security Controls\n*   Assess Security Controls\n*   Authorize Information Systems\n*   Monitor Security Controls\n\nBy following NIST cyber security standards, organizations can reduce their vulnerability to cyber-attacks and enhance their overall security posture.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "fjEdufrZAfW4Rl6yDU8Hk": {
+    "title": "RMF",
+    "description": "The **Risk Management Framework (RMF)** is a comprehensive, flexible approach for managing cybersecurity risks in an organization. It provides a structured process to identify, assess, and manage risks associated with IT systems, networks, and data. Developed by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), the RMF is widely adopted by various government and private sector organizations.\n\nKey Components\n--------------\n\nThe RMF consists of six steps, which are continuously repeated to ensure the continuous monitoring and improvement of an organization's cybersecurity posture:\n\n*   **Categorize** - Classify the information system and its information based on their impact levels (e.g., low, moderate, or high).\n*   **Select** - Choose appropriate security controls from the NIST SP 800-53 catalog based on the system's categorization.\n*   **Implement** - Apply the chosen security controls to the IT system and document the configuration settings and implementation methods.\n*   **Assess** - Determine the effectiveness of the implemented security controls by testing and reviewing their performance against established baselines.\n*   **Authorize** - Grant authorization to operate the IT system, based on the residual risks identified during the assessment phase, and document the accepted risks.\n*   **Monitor** - Regularly review and update the security controls to address any changes in the IT system or environment or to respond to newly identified threats.\n\nBenefits of RMF\n---------------\n\n*   **Clear and consistent process**: RMF provides a systematic and repeatable process for managing cybersecurity risks.\n*   **Flexibility**: It can be tailored to an organization's unique requirements and risk tolerance levels.\n*   **Standardization**: RMF facilitates the adoption of standardized security controls and risk management practices across the organization.\n*   **Accountability**: It promotes transparency and clear assignment of responsibilities for managing risks.\n*   **Continuous improvement**: By monitoring and revisiting the risks and security controls, organizations can ensure that their cybersecurity posture remains effective and up-to-date.\n\nIn summary, the Risk Management Framework (RMF) is a vital component of an organization's cybersecurity strategy. By following the structured and continuous process outlined in the RMF, organizations can effectively manage the cybersecurity risks they face and maintain a robust and resilient cybersecurity posture.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "sSihnptkoEqUsHjDpckhG": {
+    "title": "CIS",
+    "description": "The **Center for Internet Security (CIS)** is a non-profit organization that focuses on enhancing the cybersecurity posture of individuals, organizations, and governments around the world. CIS offers various tools, best practices, guidelines, and frameworks that help in defending against common cyber threats.\n\nCIS Critical Security Controls\n------------------------------\n\nOne of the most significant contributions of CIS is the **CIS Critical Security Controls (CSC)**, which are a set of prioritized actions that aim to improve cyber defense. These controls have been developed by a community of IT security experts and are regularly updated to remain relevant in the ever-evolving threat landscape.\n\nThe CIS Critical Security Controls are divided into three categories:\n\n*   Basic Controls: Foundational security measures that every organization should implement.\n*   Foundational Controls: Additional security measures providing a more robust defense.\n*   Organizational Controls: Governance and management-related processes, ensuring the continuity and effectiveness of the security program.\n\nThe following are the key objectives of implementing CIS Critical Security Controls:\n\n*   Strengthen the security posture of an organization.\n*   Protect sensitive information and valuable assets.\n*   Identify and prioritize the most critical vulnerabilities.\n*   Reduce the attack surface and risks associated with cyber threats.\n\nCIS Benchmarks\n--------------\n\nCIS also provides **CIS Benchmarks**, which are a set of configuration guidelines for various technologies, including operating systems, cloud providers, and applications. These benchmarks offer practical guidance for securing systems and improving overall cybersecurity posture.\n\nCIS Benchmarks provide the following benefits:\n\n*   Improve system security by reducing the attack surface.\n*   Assist in meeting compliance requirements such as HIPAA, PCI DSS, and GDPR.\n*   Enable organizations to adopt best practices in configuration management.\n*   Facilitate audit preparation and maintaining system documentation.\n\nIn summary, the Center for Internet Security (CIS) offers valuable resources that can help organizations bolster their security posture. The CIS Critical Security Controls and CIS Benchmarks are practical tools that provide guidance on implementing security measures to mitigate cyber threats effectively. By following these guidelines, organizations can improve their resilience and better protect themselves in the rapidly evolving digital landscape.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "HjfgaSEZjW9BOXy_Ixzkk": {
+    "title": "CSF",
+    "description": "Cybersecurity Framework (CSF) Summary\n-------------------------------------\n\nThe Cybersecurity Framework (CSF) is a set of guidelines aimed at helping organizations better protect their critical infrastructure from cyber threats. Developed by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), this voluntary framework provides a flexible, risk-based approach to managing cybersecurity risks.\n\nKey Components of CSF\n---------------------\n\nCSF comprises three key components:\n\n*   **Core** - Consists of five functions, each representing a high-level cybersecurity activity:\n    \n    *   Identify: Understand the organization's cybersecurity risks.\n    *   Protect: Implement safeguards to protect the critical infrastructure.\n    *   Detect: Identify the occurrence of a potential cybersecurity event.\n    *   Respond: Develop and implement appropriate actions to address detected cybersecurity events.\n    *   Recover: Implement plans to restore systems and services after a cybersecurity incident.\n*   **Tiers** - Provide context for organizations to consider the robustness of their cybersecurity program:\n    \n    *   Tier 1: Partial – Minimal cybersecurity risk management practices.\n    *   Tier 2: Risk Informed – Risk management practices in place, but not consistently applied.\n    *   Tier 3: Repeatable – Risk management practices are consistent across the organization.\n    *   Tier 4: Adaptive – Proactive approach to managing cybersecurity risks.\n*   **Profiles** - Organizations create profiles to align their cybersecurity activities with their organizational goals, risk tolerance, and resources. A target profile represents desired outcomes, whereas a current profile reflects the current state of cybersecurity programs.\n    \n\nBenefits of Implementing CSF\n----------------------------\n\n*   Enhanced understanding of cybersecurity risks and corresponding management strategies within an organization.\n*   Improved ability to prioritize cybersecurity investments based on risk assessments.\n*   Strengthened communication between different departments and stakeholders regarding cybersecurity expectations and progress.\n*   Compliance with industry standards and guidelines, including support for organizations subject to regulatory requirements.\n\nCSF offers organizations a structured approach to improving their cybersecurity posture. By following this framework, organizations can manage their cybersecurity risks more effectively, create a stronger defense against cyberattacks, and maintain the resilience of their critical infrastructure.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "c2kY3wZVFKZYxMARhLIwO": {
+    "title": "SIEM",
+    "description": "SIEM, short for Security Information and Event Manager, is a term used to describe tools that greatly increases visibility into a network or system. It does this by monitoring, filtering, collecting, normalizing, and correlating vast amounts of data such as logs, and neatly presents it via an interface/dashboard.\n\nOrganizations leverage SIEMs to monitor and thus identify, protect, and respond to potential threats in their environment.\n\nFor hands-on experience, you should consider setting up a SIEM in your own environment. A common stack widely used for various purposes across the industry is the ELK-stack.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Security 101: What is a SIEM? - Microsoft",
+        "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/security/business/security-101/what-is-siem",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Using the ELK stack for SIEM",
+        "url": "https://logz.io/blog/elk-siem/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Build a powerful home SIEM",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2XLzMb9oZBI",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "i0ulrA-GJrNhIVmzdWDrn": {
+    "title": "SOAR",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "zR6djXnfTSFVEfvJonQjf": {
+    "title": "ParrotOS",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "w6wXkoLrv0_d-Ah0txUHd": {
+    "title": "Kali Linux",
+    "description": "Kali Linux is a specialized Linux distribution that is designed for penetration testing, security auditing, and related information security tasks. Originating from the Debian distribution, Kali Linux is equipped with a vast array of tools that are used for ethical hacking purposes. It is an open-source project that provides users with the means to test the security of systems and networks by simulating attacks in a controlled environment.\n\nTools\n-----\n\nWith over 600 pre-installed penetration-testing programs, Kali Linux offers tools for various security-related tasks, such as network analysis, vulnerability scanning, and forensic analysis. Its development is overseen by Offensive Security, a company known for their contributions to the field of information security. Kali Linux is highly customizable, allowing users to tailor the system to their specific needs, and supports a wide range of hardware platforms. It is a powerful resource for professionals in the cybersecurity field, as well as for those who are passionate about learning and practicing ethical hacking techniques.",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Kali Linux",
+        "url": "https://www.kali.org/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "10qbxX8DCrfyH7tgYexxQ": {
+    "title": "LOLBAS",
+    "description": "**LoLBAS** stands for **Living off the Land Binaries and Scripts**. It is a collection of tools, utilities, and scripts, often built-in within an operating system, that attackers exploit for unintended purposes. These tools can assist the adversaries in achieving their objectives without the need to install any additional software, thus avoiding detection by many security solutions.\n\nIn this section, we will explore the concept and significance of LoLBAS, and the challenges they present in the context of cyber security.\n\nWhat is LoLBAS?\n---------------\n\nLoLBAS are legitimate tools, binaries, and scripts that are already present in a system. These may be default OS utilities, like PowerShell or Command Prompt, or commonly installed applications, such as Java or Python. Adversaries utilize these tools to perform malicious activities, as they blend into the environment and are less likely to raise any alarms.\n\nSome examples of LoLBAS include:\n\n*   PowerShell: Used for executing commands and scripts for various administrative functions.\n*   Cscript and Wscript: Used for executing VBScript and JScript files.\n*   Certutil: Used for updating certificate store but can also be leveraged to download files from the internet.\n\nWhy LoLBAS are popular among adversaries?\n-----------------------------------------\n\nThere are several reasons why adversaries choose to use LoLBAS for their malicious purposes:\n\n*   **No additional software required**: As these tools are already a part of the target system, there is no need to install new software that could potentially be detected.\n*   **Ease of use**: Many LoLBAS provide powerful capabilities without requiring complex coding. As a result, adversaries can swiftly implement and execute tasks using them.\n*   **Masquerading as legitimate actions**: Since LoLBAS are typically used for legitimate purposes, suspicious activities using these tools can blend in with regular traffic, making it difficult to identify and detect.\n\nChallenges posed by LoLBAS\n--------------------------\n\nUtilizing LoLBAS presents unique challenges in cyber security due to the following reasons:\n\n*   **Difficulty in detection**: Identifying and differentiating between malicious and legitimate uses of these tools is a challenging task.\n*   **False positives**: Blocking, limiting, or monitoring the usage of LoLBAS frequently leads to false positives, as legitimate users might also rely on these tools.\n\nSecuring against LoLBAS attacks\n-------------------------------\n\nTo protect against LoLBAS-based attacks, organizations should consider taking the following steps:\n\n*   **Monitor behavior**: Establish baselines of normal system behavior and monitor for deviations, which could suggest malicious use of LoLBAS.\n*   **Least privilege principle**: Apply the principle of least privilege by limiting user permissions, reducing the potential attack surface.\n*   **Harden systems**: Remove or disable unnecessary tools and applications that could be exploited by adversaries.\n*   **Educate users**: Train users on the risks and signs of LoLBAS usage and encourage them to report suspicious activity.\n*   **Employ advanced security solutions**: Use technologies like Endpoint Detection and Response (EDR) and behavioral analytics to detect abnormal patterns that could be associated with LoLBAS abuse.\n\nConclusion\n----------\n\nLoLBAS present a significant challenge to cyber security, as they blend in with legitimate system activities. However, overcoming this challenge is possible through a combination of proactive monitoring, system hardening, and user education.\n\nEnsure you are well prepared to identify and mitigate LoLBAS attacks by following the recommendations provided in this guide. Stay vigilant and stay secure!",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "LOLBAS project",
+        "url": "https://lolbas-project.github.io/#",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "KbFwL--xF-eYjGy8PZdrM": {
+    "title": "Event Logs",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "7oFwRkmoZom8exMDtMslX": {
+    "title": "syslogs",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "xXz-SwvXA2cLfdCd-hLtW": {
+    "title": "netflow",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "TIxEkfBrN6EXQ3IKP1B7u": {
+    "title": "Packet Captures",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "np0PwKy-EvIa_f_LC6Eem": {
+    "title": "Firewall Logs",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "OAukNfV5T0KTnIF9jKYRF": {
+    "title": "MAC-based",
+    "description": "_Mandatory Access Control (MAC)_ is a robust security model when it comes to hardening, as it enforces strict policies on operating systems and applications regarding system access. In MAC-based hardening, the end-users are not allowed to modify access controls on your system.\n\nHow MAC-based Hardening Works\n-----------------------------\n\nTypical MAC mechanisms work based on predefined security attributes or labels. These labels determine access permissions and are integrated within the system to classify data, resources, and users. Once these labels are in place, the operating system or a trusted security kernel rigorously enforces the constraints on how they access data.\n\nBenefits of MAC-Based Hardening\n-------------------------------\n\nMAC-based hardening offers numerous benefits for organizations seeking to improve their cybersecurity posture:\n\n*   **Enforced Security Policies**: MAC policies can be pre-configured in accordance with your organization's security requirements, ensuring consistency on all systems.\n*   **Limited Access**: Users have limited access to resources, which reduces the potential for insider threats and accidental leaks of sensitive data.\n*   **Protection of Sensitive Data**: By preventing unauthorized users from accessing sensitive data, MAC-based hardening helps protect against data breaches and other cybersecurity risks.\n*   **Auditing and Compliance**: MAC-based hardening mechanisms help facilitate audits and compliance with industry regulations.\n\nPopular MAC-based Models\n------------------------\n\nThere are various MAC models implemented in modern software systems. Some of the most popular models include:\n\n*   **Bell-LaPadula (BLP) Model**: Designed for confidentiality, the BLP Model enforces the \"no read up, no write down\" rule, meaning that users may only read data at the same or lower levels of sensitivity, while only allowing data to be written to the same or higher levels of sensitivity.\n*   **Biba Model**: Focusing on integrity, the Biba Model enforces the \"no write up, no read down\" rule, which works opposite to BLP Model.\n*   **Clark-Wilson Model**: The Clark-Wilson Model emphasizes well-formed transactions, separation of duties, and certification processes to maintain data integrity and confidentiality.\n\nImplementing MAC-Based Hardening\n--------------------------------\n\nTo implement MAC-based hardening, it's important to follow these general steps:\n\n*   **Establish Security Policies**: Define clear policies and guidelines, including security labels, for the various data classifications, users, and resources.\n*   **Select an Appropriate MAC Model**: Choose a MAC model suitable for your organization's needs and implement it across your systems.\n*   **Train Staff**: Provide training to your staff to ensure understanding and adherence to your organization's MAC-based policies.\n*   **Monitor and Audit**: Continually monitor the system for deviations from the MAC policies and perform periodic audits to verify their enforcement.\n\nIn summary, MAC-based hardening offers robust access controls by enforcing strict policies in accordance with your organization's security requirements. In doing so, it reduces the potential for unauthorized access to data and resources, ultimately enhancing your cybersecurity posture.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "6oAzYfwsHQYNVbi7c2Tly": {
+    "title": "NAC-based",
+    "description": "Network Access Control (NAC) based hardening is a crucial component in enhancing the security of your network infrastructure. NAC provides organizations with the ability to control and manage access to the network resources, ensuring that only authorized users and devices can connect to the network. It plays a vital role in reducing the attack surface and preventing unauthorized access to sensitive data and resources.\n\nKey Features of NAC-Based Hardening\n-----------------------------------\n\n*   **Authentication and Authorization:** NAC-based hardening ensures that users and devices connecting to the network are properly authenticated and have been granted appropriate access permissions. This includes the use of strong passwords, multi-factor authentication (MFA), and enforcing access control policies.\n    \n*   **Endpoint Health Checks:** NAC solutions continuously monitor the health and compliance of endpoints, such as whether anti-virus software and security patches are up to date. If a device is found to be non-compliant, it can be automatically quarantined or disconnected from the network, thus preventing the spread of threats.\n    \n*   **Real-Time Visibility and Control:** NAC provides real-time visibility into the devices connected to your network, allowing you to identify and control risks proactively. This includes monitoring for unauthorized devices, unusual behavior, or known security gaps.\n    \n*   **Device Profiling:** NAC-based hardening can automatically identify and classify devices connected to the network, making it easier to enforce access control policies based on device type and ownership.\n    \n*   **Policy Enforcement:** NAC solutions enforce granular access policies for users and devices, reducing the attack surface and limiting the potential damage of a security breach. Policies can be based on factors such as user role, device type, and location.\n    \n\nNAC Best Practices\n------------------\n\nTo get the most out of a NAC-based hardening approach, here are some best practices to consider:\n\n*   **Develop a Comprehensive Access Control Policy:** Clearly define the roles, responsibilities, and access permissions within your organization, ensuring that users have the least privilege required to perform their job functions.\n*   **Regularly Review and Update Policies:** As your organization evolves, so should your NAC policies. Regularly review and update policies to maintain alignment with organizational changes.\n*   **Educate Users:** Educate end-users about the importance of security and their role in maintaining a secure network. Offer training on topics such as password management, avoiding phishing attacks, and identifying social engineering attempts.\n*   **Ensure Comprehensive Coverage:** Ensure that your NAC solution covers all entry points to your network, including remote access, wireless networks, and guest access.\n*   **Monitor and Respond to NAC Alerts:** NAC solutions generate alerts when suspicious activity is detected, such as an unauthorized device trying to connect to the network. Make sure you have a process in place to respond to these alerts in a timely manner.\n\nBy implementing NAC-based hardening in your cybersecurity strategy, you protect your organization from threats and maintain secure access to critical resources.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "W7bcydXdwlubXF2PHKOuq": {
+    "title": "Port Blocking",
+    "description": "Port blocking is an essential practice in hardening the security of your network and devices. It involves restricting, filtering, or entirely denying access to specific network ports to minimize exposure to potential cyber threats. By limiting access to certain ports, you can effectively safeguard your systems against unauthorized access and reduce the likelihood of security breaches.\n\nWhy is Port Blocking Important?\n-------------------------------\n\n*   **Reducing attack surface**: Every open port presents a potential entry point for attackers. By blocking unused or unnecessary ports, you shrink the attack surface of your network.\n*   **Securing sensitive data**: Limiting access to specific ports can help protect sensitive data by ensuring that only authorized individuals can access certain network services.\n*   **Compliance with regulations**: Various regulations such as PCI DSS, HIPAA, and GDPR require organizations to have a secure data protection infrastructure, which includes controlling access to your network.\n\nHow to Implement Port Blocking\n------------------------------\n\nTo implement port blocking, consider the following steps:\n\n*   **Identifying necessary ports**: Analyze your network to determine which ports need to remain open for key services and functions, and which can be safely blocked.\n*   **Creating a port blocking policy**: Develop a policy that defines which ports should be blocked and why, along with the rationale behind permitting access to specific ports.\n*   **Using firewall rules**: Configure the firewall on your devices and network infrastructure to block the ports deemed appropriate by your policy.\n*   **Testing**: Test your configuration to ensure that only the necessary ports are accessible, and the blocked ports are indeed blocked.\n*   **Monitoring and maintaining**: Regularly monitor and review open ports for any possible changes, and update your port blocking policy and configurations as needed.\n\nRemember, implementing port blocking is just one piece of a comprehensive cybersecurity strategy. Be sure to consider additional hardening concepts and best practices to ensure your network remains secure.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "FxuMJmDoDkIsPFp2iocFg": {
+    "title": "Group Policy",
+    "description": "_Group Policy_ is a feature in Windows operating systems that enables administrators to define and manage configurations, settings, and security policies for various aspects of the users and devices in a network. This capability helps you to establish and maintain a consistent and secure environment, which is crucial for organizations of all sizes.\n\nHow Group Policy Works\n----------------------\n\nGroup Policy works by maintaining a hierarchy of _Group Policy Objects_ (GPOs), which contain multiple policy settings. GPOs can be linked to different levels of the Active Directory (AD) structure, such as domain, site, and organizational unit (OU) levels. By linking GPOs to specific levels, you can create an environment in which different settings are applied to different groups of users and computers, depending on their location in the AD structure.\n\nWhen a user logs in or a computer starts up, the relevant GPOs from the AD structure get evaluated to determine the final policy settings. GPOs are processed in a specific order — local, site, domain, and OUs, with the latter having the highest priority. This order ensures that you can have a baseline set of policies at the domain level, with more specific policies applied at the OU level, as needed.\n\nCommon Group Policy Scenarios\n-----------------------------\n\nHere are some typical scenarios in which Group Policy can be utilized to enforce security policies and settings:\n\n*   **Password Policies**: You can use Group Policy to define minimum password length, complexity requirements, password history, and maximum password age for all users within the domain. This ensures a consistent level of password security across the organization.\n    \n*   **Account Lockout Policies**: Group Policy allows you to specify conditions under which user accounts will be locked out, such as after a specific number of failed login attempts. This helps to thwart brute-force attacks.\n    \n*   **Software Deployment**: Deploy and manage the installation of software packages and security updates across the entire network. Ensure that all devices are running the latest, most secure software versions.\n    \n*   **Device Security**: Apply configurations to enforce encryption, firewall settings, and other security-related device settings to protect your organization's network and sensitive data.\n    \n*   **User Rights Assignment**: Control various user rights, such as the ability to log in locally or remotely, access this computer from the network, or shut down the system.\n    \n*   **Restricted Groups**: Manage group memberships, including local administrator groups, to ensure that only authorized users have elevated privileges on targeted devices.\n    \n\nBy understanding and leveraging the capabilities of Group Policy, you can establish a robust and secure environment that meets your organization's specific requirements. Keep in mind that maintaining a well-documented, granular, and least-privileged approach to Group Policy settings will help ensure a manageable and resilient security posture.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "8JM95sonFUhZCdaynUA_M": {
+    "title": "ACLs",
+    "description": "Access Control Lists (ACLs) act as an essential part of an organization's security infrastructure by helping to manage access rights to resources and maintain security between users, groups, and systems.\n\nIn this section, we will discuss the following:\n\n*   What are Access Control Lists\n*   Types of ACLs\n*   How to implement and administer ACLs\n\nWhat are Access Control Lists\n-----------------------------\n\nAccess Control Lists are rule sets that define which user, group, or system has access to specific resources and determine what type of access they have (e.g., read or write). ACLs act as a barrier to prevent unauthorized access to sensitive data and systems; this can help maintain confidentiality, integrity, and availability of your organization's critical assets.\n\nTypes of ACLs\n-------------\n\nThere are two primary types of ACLs: Discretionary and Mandatory.\n\n*   **Discretionary Access Control Lists (DACLs)**  \n    DACLs allow the owner of a resource to determine who can gain access to the resource, and the level of access they can have. For example, a user or a group of users may have read access rights to a particular file, whereas another group may have full control over the file.\n    \n*   **Mandatory Access Control Lists (MACLs)**  \n    MACLs rely on predefined security labels or classifications to enforce access control. In this case, resources are assigned security labels, and users or systems are given security clearances. Access is granted only if the user's security clearance level matches the resource label.\n    \n\nImplementing and Administering ACLs\n-----------------------------------\n\nHere are some best practices you can follow when implementing and administering Access Control Lists:\n\n*   **Define clear access policies**: Establish clear rules and guidelines for accessing resources, such as who can access specific resources and what type of access they can have.\n    \n*   **Use Role-Based Access Control (RBAC)**: Assign permissions to roles instead of individual users. This will help simplify the ACL management process.\n    \n*   **Regular audits and reviews**: Periodically review and update the ACLs to ensure that access permissions are aligned with business requirements and security policies.\n    \n*   **Apply the principle of least privilege**: Grant users the minimum privileges they need to perform their tasks.\n    \n*   **Maintain a change management process**: Document all changes to ACLs, including the date of change, the reason for the change, and the individual responsible for executing the change.\n    \n\nRemember that a well-implemented and maintained ACL system can significantly reduce the risks associated with unauthorized access to your organization's critical assets.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "oFgyQYL3Ws-l7B5AF-bTR": {
+    "title": "Sinkholes",
+    "description": "A **sinkhole** is a security mechanism employed in cybersecurity to redirect and isolate malicious traffic, primarily aimed at protecting networks from Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks and botnets. The main principle behind sinkholes is to create a \"black hole\" where malicious traffic is directed and monitored, allowing other network operations to run unaffected.\n\nHow Sinkholes Work\n------------------\n\n*   **Network redirection:** When an attacker attempts to target a network, they often rely on multiple sources of traffic or requests. Sinkholes work by redirecting this incoming malicious traffic to a separate, isolated server or IP address, known as the sinkhole server.\n    \n*   **Traffic analysis:** Once the malicious traffic has been redirected, the sinkhole provides an opportunity for cybersecurity professionals to analyze the incoming data. This analysis can help determine the nature of the attack and potentially trace it back to its origin.\n    \n*   **Prevention and mitigation:** By redirecting malicious traffic away from the original target, sinkholes prevent or minimize the effects of DDoS attacks or botnet activities on a network. Additionally, information gathered from the sinkhole can aid in the development of new security measures to prevent future attacks.\n    \n\nTypes of Sinkholes\n------------------\n\nThere are mainly two types of sinkholes used in cybersecurity: Passive Sinkholes and Active Sinkholes.\n\n*   **Passive Sinkholes:** In a passive sinkhole, the sinkhole server is configured to passively intercept and log any malicious traffic directed towards it. This allows for analysis of attack patterns, data payloads, and other useful information without taking any direct action.\n    \n*   **Active Sinkholes:** An active sinkhole, on the other hand, goes one step further by not only intercepting and logging malicious traffic but also responding to the source, potentially disrupting the attacker's operations.\n    \n\nBenefits of Sinkholes\n---------------------\n\n*   **DDoS prevention:** By redirecting and isolating malicious traffic, sinkholes can effectively prevent or reduce the impact of DDoS attacks on a network.\n*   **Attack analysis:** The isolated environment provided by sinkholes enables security professionals to study attack patterns and develop strategies to counter them.\n*   **Botnet disruption:** Sinkholes can disrupt the communication between botnets and their command and control (C&C) servers, limiting their ability to carry out coordinated attacks.\n\nLimitations of Sinkholes\n------------------------\n\n*   **Resource-intensive:** Sinkhole servers require dedicated resources to handle the influx of traffic and may need regular updating and maintenance.\n*   **Possibility of collateral damage:** In some cases, sinkhole servers may inadvertently redirect or block legitimate traffic, leading to disruptions in network operations.\n\nConclusion\n----------\n\nSinkholes are valuable tools in the cybersecurity arsenal, helping to prevent and mitigate the effects of DDoS attacks and botnets. By isolating malicious traffic, they not only minimize the impact of attacks on networks but also provide valuable insights into attack patterns, contributing to the development of more robust cybersecurity measures.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "e-MDyUR3GEv-e4Qsx_5vV": {
+    "title": "Patching",
+    "description": "Patching is the process of updating, modifying, or repairing software or systems by applying fixes, also known as patches. Patches are designed to address vulnerabilities, fix bugs, or improve the overall security of a system. Regular patching is an essential component of any cyber security strategy.\n\nImportance of Patching\n----------------------\n\n*   **Fix security vulnerabilities** - Attackers are constantly on the lookout for unpatched systems, which makes patching a critical step in securing your environment. Patches help fix any security weaknesses that the software developers have identified.\n    \n*   **Enhance system stability** - Patches often include improvements to the software's codebase or configuration, enhancing the overall performance and stability of the system.\n    \n*   **Improve software functionality** - Patches can add new features and update existing ones, ensuring that your software remains up-to-date with the latest technology advancements.\n    \n\nPatch Management\n----------------\n\nTo make patching effective, organizations need to establish a well-structured patch management process. A good patch management process includes:\n\n*   **Inventory** - Maintaining a comprehensive inventory of all devices and software within your organization allows you to detect the need for patches and implement them in a timely manner.\n    \n*   **Risk assessment** - Evaluate the risk associated with the vulnerabilities addressed by a patch. This will help prioritize which patches should be applied first.\n    \n*   **Patch testing** - Always test patches in a controlled environment before deploying them to your production systems. This will help identify any potential compatibility or performance issues that the patch might cause.\n    \n*   **Deployment** - Ensure that patches are deployed across your organization's systems in a timely and consistent manner, following a predefined schedule.\n    \n*   **Monitoring and reporting** - Establishing a mechanism for monitoring and reporting on the status of patching activities ensures that your organization remains compliant with relevant regulations and best practices.\n    \n*   **Patch rollback** - In case a patch causes unexpected issues or conflicts, having a plan for rolling back patches is essential. This may include creating backups and having a process for quickly restoring systems to their pre-patch state.\n    \n\nBy integrating patching into your organization's cyber security strategy, you can significantly reduce the attack surface and protect your critical assets from cyber threats. Regular patching, combined with other hardening concepts and best practices, ensures a strong and resilient cyber security posture.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "UF3BV1sEEOrqh5ilnfM1B": {
+    "title": "Jump Server",
+    "description": "A **jump server**, also known as a **bastion host** or **jump host**, is a critical security component in many network architectures. It is a dedicated, locked-down, and secure server that sits within a protected network, and provides a controlled access point for users and administrators to access specific components within the system. This intermediate server acts as a bridge between untrusted networks and the internal privileged systems, thereby reducing the attack surface and securing the environment.\n\nKey Features\n------------\n\n*   **Isolation**: The primary function of the jump server is to provide a level of isolation between the outside world and critical network infrastructure. Users must first authenticate on the jump server before accessing the target systems.\n*   **Access Control**: Jump servers enforce strict access control policies by allowing only authorized users and administrators to access the privileged systems.\n*   **Monitoring**: All activities on the jump server are logged and monitored, creating an audit trail for any suspicious activity or attempts at unauthorized access.\n*   **Patching and Updating**: Jump servers are kept up-to-date with the latest security patches and updates, ensuring that they are resilient to new vulnerabilities and attacks.\n\nBest Practices for Implementing a Jump Server\n---------------------------------------------\n\n*   **Implement Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA)**: Require multiple forms of authentication to access the jump server. This reduces the risk of unauthorized access through stolen or weak credentials.\n*   **Restrict User Privileges**: Limit user privileges on the jump server to minimize the potential for unauthorized actions. Users should only be granted the minimum permissions needed to perform their tasks.\n*   **Harden the Operating System**: Configure the jump server's operating system with security best practices in mind. This includes disabling unnecessary services, applying least privilege principles, and regularly updating the system with the latest patches.\n*   **Employ Network Segmentation**: Deploy the jump server in a separate network segment from the rest of the environment. Implement strong firewall rules and access control lists (ACLs) to control traffic between the segments.\n*   **Monitor and Audit**: Regularly monitor and review the logs and activity on the jump server to detect and investigate security incidents. Enable security alerts and notifications for suspicious activities.\n\nIn summary, a jump server is a crucial security component that helps protect sensitive network environments by providing isolation, access control, and monitoring. By properly configuring and managing a jump server, organizations can significantly reduce the risk of unauthorized access and potential security breaches.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "LEgJtu1GZKOtoAXyOGWLE": {
+    "title": "Endpoint Security",
+    "description": "Endpoint security refers to the practice of protecting individual devices, or \"endpoints\", that connect to your organization's network from potential cyber threats. These devices include desktop computers, laptops, smartphones, tablets, and servers. With the increase in remote working and the widespread use of personal devices in the workplace, endpoint security has become a critical aspect of a strong cybersecurity strategy.\n\nWhy is Endpoint Security Important?\n-----------------------------------\n\nEndpoint devices serve as potential entry points for cybercriminals to access sensitive data and launch attacks against your organization's network. By securing these devices, you can prevent unauthorized access, reduce the risk of data breaches, and maintain the integrity of your network.\n\nKey Components of Endpoint Security\n-----------------------------------\n\nTo effectively secure your endpoints, consider implementing the following measures:\n\n*   **Antivirus and Malware Protection**: Make sure every endpoint device has up-to-date antivirus and anti-malware software installed. This will help to detect and remove malicious files, preventing them from causing harm to your network.\n    \n*   **Patch Management**: Stay up to date with the latest security patches for your operating systems and third-party applications. Regularly updating your software can help protect against vulnerabilities that cybercriminals may exploit.\n    \n*   **Device Management**: Implement a centralized device management solution that allows administrators to monitor, manage, and secure endpoints. This includes enforcing security policies, tracking device inventory, and remote wiping lost or stolen devices.\n    \n*   **Access Control**: Limit access to sensitive data by implementing a strict access control policy. Only grant necessary permissions to those who require it, and use authentication methods such as multi-factor authentication (MFA) to verify the identity of users.\n    \n*   **Encryption**: Encrypt sensitive data stored on endpoint devices to prevent unauthorized access to the data in case of device theft or loss.\n    \n*   **Firewall and Intrusion Prevention**: Deploy firewall and intrusion prevention systems to block external threats and alert administrators of potential attacks.\n    \n*   **User Training**: Educate users about the importance of endpoint security and the best practices for maintaining it. This includes topics like creating strong passwords, avoiding phishing scams, and following safe browsing practices.\n    \n\nBy taking a comprehensive approach to endpoint security, you can protect your organization's network and sensitive data from the growing threat of cyberattacks.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Manage endpoint security - Microsoft Learn",
+        "url": "https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/training/paths/manage-endpoint-security/",
+        "type": "course"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Endpoint Security",
+        "url": "https://youtu.be/5d7PCDm_MXs?si=RX3sAdNPLG0tJOaR&t=11",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "9Z6HPHPj4escSVDWftFEx": {
+    "title": "FTP vs SFTP",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "6ILPXeUDDmmYRiA_gNTSr": {
+    "title": "SSL vs TLS",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "gNFVtBxSYP5Uw3o3tlJ0M": {
+    "title": "IPSEC",
+    "description": "IPSec, which stands for Internet Protocol Security, is a suite of protocols used to secure Internet communications by encrypting and authenticating IP packets. It is commonly utilized in Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) to ensure that data transmitted over public networks is not accessible to unauthorized individuals. IPSec operates by encrypting data at the source and decrypting it at the destination, maintaining the confidentiality and integrity of the data while in transit. Additionally, it provides authentication, ensuring that the data is being sent and received by the intended parties. This protocol suite is versatile as it can be used with both IPv4 and IPv6 networks, making it a fundamental component for secure online communication.",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "IP Sec VPN Fundamentals",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=15amNny_kKI",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "LLGXONul7JfZGUahnK0AZ": {
+    "title": "DNSSEC",
+    "description": "DNS Security Extensions (DNSSEC) is a protocol designed to address security vulnerabilities in the Domain Name System (DNS). Here are the key points:\n\n*   **Digital Signatures:** DNSSEC protects against attacks by digitally signing DNS data. These signatures ensure data validity and prevent tampering.\n    \n*   **Hierarchical Signing:** DNSSEC signs data at every level of the DNS lookup process. For instance, when looking up ‘[google.com](http://google.com),’ the root DNS server signs a key for the .COM nameserver, which then signs a key for [google.com](http://google.com)’s authoritative nameserver.\n    \n*   **Backwards Compatibility:** DNSSEC doesn’t disrupt traditional DNS lookups; it adds security without breaking existing functionality. It complements other security measures like SSL/TLS.\n    \n*   **Chain of Trust:** DNSSEC establishes a parent-child trust chain from the root zone down to specific domains. Any compromise in this chain exposes requests to on-path attacks.\n    \n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "DNSSEC: What Is It and Why Is It Important? - ICANN",
+        "url": "https://www.icann.org/resources/pages/dnssec-what-is-it-why-important-2019-03-05-en",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How DNSSEC Works - Cloudflare",
+        "url": "https://www.cloudflare.com/dns/dnssec/how-dnssec-works/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is DNS security? - Cloudflare",
+        "url": "https://www.cloudflare.com/learning/dns/dns-security/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is DNSSEC? - IBM",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fk2oejzgSVQ",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "(DNS) 101 Miniseries",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLTk5ZYSbd9MhMmOiPhfRJNW7bhxHo4q-K",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "z_fDvTgKw51Uepo6eMQd9": {
+    "title": "LDAPS",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "_9lQSG6fn69Yd9rs1pQdL": {
+    "title": "SRTP",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "9rmDvycXFcsGOq3v-_ziD": {
+    "title": "S/MIME",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "3140n5prZYySsuBHjqGOJ": {
+    "title": "Antivirus",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "9QtY1hMJ7NKLFztYK-mHY": {
+    "title": "Antimalware",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "QvHWrmMzO8IvNQ234E_wf": {
+    "title": "EDR",
+    "description": "Endpoint Detection and Response (EDR) is a cybersecurity technology that provides continuous monitoring and response to threats at the endpoint level. It is designed to detect, investigate, and mitigate suspicious activities on endpoints such as laptops, desktops, and mobile devices. EDR solutions log and analyze behaviors on these devices to identify potential threats, such as malware or ransomware, that have bypassed traditional security measures like antivirus software. This technology equips security teams with the tools to quickly respond to and contain threats, minimizing the risk of a security breach spreading across the network. EDR systems are an essential component of modern cybersecurity strategies, offering advanced protection by utilizing real-time analytics, AI-driven automation, and comprehensive data recording.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is Endpoint Detection and Response (EDR)? - IBM",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=55GaIolVVqI",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "iolsTC-63d_1wzKGul-cT": {
+    "title": "DLP",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "35oCRzhzpVfitQPL4K9KC": {
+    "title": "ACL",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "tWDo5R3KU5KOjDdtv801x": {
+    "title": "Firewall & Nextgen Firewall",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "l5EnhOCnkN-RKvgrS9ylH": {
+    "title": "HIPS",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "LIPtxl_oKZRcbvXT4EdNf": {
+    "title": "NIDS",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "7w9qj16OD4pUzq-ItdxeK": {
+    "title": "NIPS",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "jWl1VWkZn3n1G2eHq6EnX": {
+    "title": "Host Based Firewall",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "SLKwuLHHpC7D1FqrpPRAe": {
+    "title": "Sandboxing",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "1jwtExZzR9ABKvD_S9zFG": {
+    "title": "EAP vs PEAP",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "HSCGbM2-aTnJWUX6jGaDP": {
+    "title": "WPS",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "MBnDE0VyVh2u2p-r90jVk": {
+    "title": "WPA vs WPA2 vs WPA3 vs WEP",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "w6V4JOtXKCMPAkKIQxvMg": {
+    "title": "Preparation",
+    "description": "The **preparation** stage of the incident response process is crucial to ensure the organization's readiness to effectively deal with any type of security incidents. This stage revolves around establishing and maintaining an incident response plan, creating an incident response team, and providing proper training and awareness sessions for the employees. Below, we'll highlight some key aspects of the preparation stage.\n\nIncident Response Plan\n----------------------\n\nAn _Incident Response Plan_ is a documented set of guidelines and procedures for identifying, investigating, and responding to security incidents. It should include the following components:\n\n*   **Roles and Responsibilities**: Define the roles within the incident response team and the responsibilities of each member.\n*   **Incident Classification**: Establish criteria to classify incidents based on their severity, impact, and type.\n*   **Escalation Procedures**: Define a clear path for escalating incidents depending on their classification, involving relevant stakeholders when necessary.\n*   **Communication Guidelines**: Set up procedures to communicate about incidents internally within the organization, as well as externally with partners, law enforcement, and the media.\n*   **Response Procedures**: Outline the steps to be taken for each incident classification, from identification to resolution.\n\nIncident Response Team\n----------------------\n\nAn _Incident Response Team_ is a group of individuals within an organization that have been appointed to manage security incidents. The team should be comprised of members with diverse skillsets and backgrounds, including but not limited to:\n\n*   Security Analysts\n*   Network Engineers\n*   IT Managers\n*   Legal Counsel\n*   Public Relations Representatives\n\nTraining and Awareness\n----------------------\n\nEmployee training and awareness is a crucial component of the preparation stage. This includes providing regular training sessions on security best practices and the incident response process, as well as conducting simulated incident exercises to evaluate the efficiency of the response plan and the team's readiness.\n\nContinuous Improvement\n----------------------\n\nThe preparation phase is not a one-time activity; it should be regularly revisited, evaluated, and updated based on lessons learned from previous incidents, changes in the organization's structure, and emerging threats in the cybersecurity landscape.\n\nIn summary, the preparation stage is the foundation of an effective incident response process. By establishing a comprehensive plan, assembling a skilled team, and ensuring ongoing employee training and awareness, organizations can minimize the potential damage of cybersecurity incidents and respond to them quickly and effectively.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "XsRoldaBXUSiGbvY1TjQd": {
+    "title": "Identification",
+    "description": "The _Identification_ step in the incident response process is the initial phase where an organization detects and confirms that a security incident has occurred. As the cornerstone of effective incident response, it is crucial to identify potential threats as quickly as possible. In this section, we will explore various aspects of the identification phase and discuss how to effectively recognize security incidents.\n\nKey Elements of Identification\n------------------------------\n\n*   **Monitoring:** Implement robust monitoring systems, which include security information and event management (SIEM) solutions, intrusion detection systems (IDS), antivirus software, and firewalls, to consistently track and scrutinize IT environment activities.\n    \n*   **Alerts and Indicators:** Establish clear and meaningful alerts and indicators of compromise (IoCs) to quickly identify and respond to anomalous behavior or potential threats.\n    \n*   **Threat Intelligence:** Leverage threat intelligence from various sources, such as reputable security vendors, industry partners, and government agencies, to stay informed about emerging threats and vulnerabilities.\n    \n*   **Incident Triage:** Implement an incident triage process, which includes the evaluation of potential incidents and the categorization of real incidents based on their severity, to ensure timely and efficient allocation of resources.\n    \n*   **User Reporting Mechanisms:** Encourage employees to report suspicions of cyber incidents and educate them on their role in recognizing abnormal activity. Setting up a reporting mechanism such as a dedicated email address or hotline can facilitate this.\n    \n\nIdentifying Security Incidents\n------------------------------\n\nDetecting cyber incidents is an ongoing process which requires continuous refinement and improvement. Begin by focusing on early detection and quick containment, as incidents tend to become costlier the longer they remain undetected.\n\nSome key aspects to keep in mind when identifying security incidents are:\n\n*   **Analyze and prioritize alerts:** Use a risk-based approach to prioritize incidents according to their potential impact on the organization's critical infrastructure, sensitive data, and business continuity.\n    \n*   **Leverage analytics:** Use advanced analytics and machine learning tools to detect anomalous behavior and identify advanced attacks that could bypass traditional signature-based detection solutions.\n    \n*   **Regularly review and update detection tools:** Keep detection tools up to date and ensure they are properly calibrated to minimize false positives and negatives.\n    \n\nAs the author of this guide, I suggest you invest time and resources into developing a solid identification process. By putting in place effective detection measures, you are building the foundation for a successful incident response capability, empowering your organization to respond efficiently to cyber threats and minimize potential damages.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "l7WnKuR2HTD4Vf9U2TxkK": {
+    "title": "Containment",
+    "description": "In the Incident Response Process, containment is the step where the identified threat is controlled to prevent any further damage to the system and organization, while maintaining the integrity of the collected incident data. The primary goal of containment is to limit the attack's scope and prevent any further compromises.\n\nShort-term and Long-term Containment\n------------------------------------\n\nThere are two main types of containment measures that need to be applied depending on the nature of the incident: short-term and long-term containment.\n\nShort-term Containment\n----------------------\n\nThese measures are focused on stopping the immediate threat by disconnecting affected systems, blocking harmful IP addresses, or temporarily disabling the vulnerable service. However, these steps might result in the loss of valuable incident data, so it is essential to balance these actions against preserving evidence necessary for further investigation.\n\nLong-term Containment\n---------------------\n\nLong-term containment focuses on implementing more sustainable solutions to address the root cause of the incident, such as updating security patches, configuring firewalls, and implementing access control measures. These actions are taken to prevent reoccurrence and must be performed in parallel with the recovery phase to ensure a comprehensive Incident Response Process.\n\nKey Steps in Containment\n------------------------\n\nThe following are some key steps that you should follow during the containment phase:\n\n*   **Isolate** - Segregate the affected systems from the rest of the network to stop the spread of the threat.\n*   **Preserve Evidence** - Securely capture relevant logs and data for future analysis and investigation.\n*   **Implement Temporary Measures** - Take immediate actions to block the attacker and secure the environment while minimizing disruption.\n*   **Update Containment Strategy** - Integrate lessons learned from previous incidents and external resources to continuously improve your containment process.\n\nBy properly executing the containment phase of the Incident Response Process, you will be well-prepared to eradicate the root cause of the cyber security threat and recover your affected systems with minimal damage to your organization.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "N17xAIo7sgbB0nrIDMWju": {
+    "title": "Eradication",
+    "description": "Eradication is a crucial step in the incident response process where the primary goal is to eliminate any malicious activity from the infected system(s) and halt the attacker's foothold in the network. This step usually follows the detailed analysis and identification of the nature and scope of the incident. Below are some key aspects of the eradication process:\n\nDelete Malware & Vulnerability Patching\n---------------------------------------\n\nOnce the incident has been identified and understood, teams must remove any malicious software, including viruses, worms, and Trojans from the affected systems. Simultaneously, patch any vulnerabilities that were exploited to ensure the effectiveness of the eradication process.\n\nEnhance Security Measures\n-------------------------\n\nAfter vulnerabilities have been patched, it's essential to boost the organization's security posture. This may involve updating and strengthening passwords, tightening access controls, or employing advanced security mechanisms like multi-factor authentication (MFA).\n\nSystem Restoration\n------------------\n\nIn some cases, it may be necessary to restore compromised systems from known backups or clean images to eliminate any lingering threats. Before restoring, verify the integrity and safety of the backups and ensure the security vulnerability is patched to avoid reinfection.\n\nRetain Evidentiary Data\n-----------------------\n\nBe sure to retain any critical artifacts, logs, and other evidence associated with the incident. This information may be needed later for legal or insurance purposes, audit requirements, or continuous improvement of the organization's incident response capabilities.\n\nRemember that each incident is unique, and the eradication strategy must be customized according to the given incident's specifics. Proper documentation and communication should be maintained throughout the process to ensure smooth execution and avoid overlooking critical aspects. After eradication has been completed, it is essential to move forward and strengthen the overall cybersecurity posture to prevent future incidents.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "vFjbZAJq8OfLb3_tsc7oT": {
+    "title": "Recovery",
+    "description": "The recovery phase of the incident response process is a critical step in regaining normalcy after a cyber security incident. This phase focuses on restoring the affected systems and data, implementing necessary improvements to prevent future occurrences, and getting back to normal operations. In this section, we will discuss the key components and best practices for the recovery phase.\n\nRestoring Systems and Data\n--------------------------\n\nThe primary objective of the recovery phase is to restore affected systems and data to their pre-incident status. This process may involve:\n\n*   Cleaning and repairing infected systems\n*   Restoring data from backups\n*   Reinstalling compromised software and applications\n*   Updating system configurations and patching vulnerabilities\n\nPost-Incident Analysis\n----------------------\n\nOnce systems are back in operation, it is vital to analyze the incident thoroughly to understand the root cause, impact, and lessons learned. This analysis will assess the effectiveness of your incident response process and identify areas for improvement. Post-incident analysis may include:\n\n*   Reviewing logs, incident reports, and other evidence collected during the investigation\n*   Interviewing staff involved in the response\n*   Examining the attacker's tools, tactics, and procedures\n*   Evaluating any potential legal or regulatory implications of the incident\n\nImplementing Improvements\n-------------------------\n\nBased on the findings of the post-incident analysis, take proactive measures to strengthen your security posture and harden your defenses. These improvements may involve:\n\n*   Updating policies, procedures, and security controls\n*   Enhancing monitoring and detection capabilities\n*   Conducting security training and awareness programs for employees\n*   Engaging external cyber security experts for consultation and guidance\n\nDocumenting and Communicating\n-----------------------------\n\nThorough documentation of the incident, response actions, and post-incident analysis is essential for internal and external communication, legal and regulatory compliance, and continued improvement. Documentation should be concise, accurate, and easily accessible. It may include:\n\n*   Incident response reports and action items\n*   Updated policies, procedures, and guidelines\n*   Security awareness materials for employees\n*   Executive summaries for senior management\n\nContinuous Review and Improvement\n---------------------------------\n\nLastly, it is important to never consider the recovery process as \"finished.\" Just as the threat landscape evolves, your organization should maintain a proactive approach to cyber security by regularly reviewing, updating, and enhancing your incident response process.\n\nIn summary, the recovery phase of the incident response process involves the restoration of affected systems and data, post-incident analysis, implementing improvements, documenting the incident, and maintaining a continuous improvement mindset. By following these steps, you will be better equipped to handle and recover from future cyber security incidents.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "ErRol7AT02HTn3umsPD_0": {
+    "title": "Lessons Learned",
+    "description": "The final and vital step of the incident response process is reviewing and documenting the \"lessons learned\" after a cybersecurity incident. In this phase, the incident response team conducts a thorough analysis of the incident, identifies key points to be learned, and evaluates the effectiveness of the response plan. These lessons allow organizations to improve their security posture, making them more resilient to future threats. Below, we discuss the main aspects of the lessons learned phase:\n\nPost-Incident Review\n--------------------\n\nOnce the incident has been resolved, the incident response team gathers to discuss and evaluate each stage of the response. This involves examining the actions taken, any issues encountered, and the efficiency of communication channels. This stage helps in identifying areas for improvement in the future.\n\nRoot Cause Analysis\n-------------------\n\nUnderstanding the root cause of the security incident is essential to prevent similar attacks in the future. The incident response team should analyze and determine the exact cause of the incident, how the attacker gained access, and what vulnerabilities were exploited. This will guide organizations in implementing proper security measures and strategies to minimize risks of a reoccurrence.\n\nUpdate Policies and Procedures\n------------------------------\n\nBased on the findings of the post-incident review and root cause analysis, the organization should update its security policies, procedures, and incident response plan accordingly. This may involve making changes to access controls, network segmentation, vulnerability management, and employee training programs.\n\nConduct Employee Training\n-------------------------\n\nSharing the lessons learned with employees raises awareness and ensures that they have proper knowledge and understanding of the organization's security policies and procedures. Regular training sessions and awareness campaigns should be carried out to enhance employee cybersecurity skills and reinforce best practices.\n\nDocument the Incident\n---------------------\n\nIt's crucial to maintain accurate and detailed records of security incidents, including the measures taken by the organization to address them. This documentation serves as evidence of the existence of an effective incident response plan, which may be required for legal, regulatory, and compliance purposes. Furthermore, documenting incidents helps organizations to learn from their experience, assess trends and patterns, and refine their security processes.\n\nIn conclusion, the lessons learned phase aims to identify opportunities to strengthen an organization's cybersecurity framework, prevent similar incidents from happening again, and continuously improve the incident response plan. Regular reviews of cybersecurity incidents contribute to building a robust and resilient security posture, mitigating risks and reducing the impact of cyber threats on the organization's assets and operations.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "zqRaMmqcLfx400kJ-h0LO": {
+    "title": "Zero Day",
+    "description": "A **zero-day** refers to a vulnerability in software, hardware, or firmware that is unknown to the parties responsible for fixing or patching it. Cybercriminals can exploit these vulnerabilities to gain unauthorized access to systems, steal sensitive data, or perform other malicious activities. Zero-day vulnerabilities are particularly dangerous because they are difficult to detect and prevent, given that there are no existing fixes or defenses against them.\n\nZero-Day Exploits\n-----------------\n\nAttackers can create **zero-day exploits** by writing malicious code that takes advantage of the discovered zero-day vulnerability. These exploits can be delivered through various methods such as spear phishing emails or drive-by downloads from compromised websites.\n\nZero-Day Detection & Response\n-----------------------------\n\nDue to the unknown nature of zero-day vulnerabilities, traditional security measures such as signature-based antivirus programs and firewalls may not be effective in detecting them. However, organizations can take several steps to protect themselves from zero-day attacks:\n\n*   **Patch management**: Regularly update and patch all software, hardware, and firmware to minimize entry points for potential attacks.\n*   **Monitor network traffic**: Use network monitoring tools to analyze network traffic continually and look for any unusual or suspicious activities, which may indicate a zero-day exploit attempt.\n*   **Behavior-based detection**: Implement security solutions that focus on monitoring the behavior of applications and network traffic for any signs of malicious activities, rather than relying solely on signature-based detection methods.\n*   **Use threat intelligence**: Subscribe to threat intelligence feeds that provide information on the latest security vulnerabilities and emerging threats, so you can stay informed about possible zero-day attacks.\n*   **Implement strong access control**: Control access to critical systems and data, limit the number of privileged accounts, and enforce least privilege policies wherever possible, making it harder for attackers to exploit zero-day vulnerabilities.\n*   **Educate employees**: Train employees to recognize and avoid common attack vectors such as phishing emails or downloading suspicious files, as they can often be the initial entry point for zero-day exploits.\n\nIn conclusion, while it is impossible to predict and prevent zero-day vulnerabilities completely, organizations can improve their cyber resilience by taking a proactive approach and using a combination of security methods and best practices.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "HPlPGKs7NLqmBidHJkOZg": {
+    "title": "Known vs Unknown",
+    "description": "In the realm of cyber security, threats can be classified as known or unknown based on their familiarity and the level of awareness about them. Understanding the difference between these two types of threats is essential for effectively implementing security measures and mitigating potential risks.\n\nKnown Threats\n-------------\n\nKnown threats are those that have been identified, studied, and documented by the security community. They are the types of threats that security vendors have had the opportunity to analyze and develop protective measures against. These threats include:\n\n*   Malware: Such as viruses, worms, and Trojans that have known signatures and behavior patterns.\n*   Phishing: Social engineering attacks using deceptive emails, texts, or websites to trick users into providing sensitive information or downloading harmful files.\n*   Exploits: Taking advantage of known vulnerabilities in software and hardware.\n*   Common Attack Patterns: Recognizable attack techniques, such as SQL injection, that have well-documented solutions and mitigation strategies.\n\nTo defend against known threats, organizations should keep their security software, operating systems, and applications up-to-date. Regularly patching vulnerabilities, training employees to recognize phishing scams, and following best practices for secure configurations can help protect against these known risks.\n\nUnknown Threats\n---------------\n\nUnknown threats are those that have not yet been identified or documented by the security community. They represent a greater challenge to organizations due to their unpredictable nature and the lack of available defense mechanisms. Examples of unknown threats include:\n\n*   Zero-Day Vulnerabilities: Security flaws that are unknown to the software or hardware vendor and for which security patches do not yet exist.\n*   Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs): Highly skilled, persistent adversaries that operate stealthily, often using custom-developed tools, to compromise a target's network over an extended period.\n*   Novel Malware Types: New or significantly altered forms of malware that do not have known signatures, making them difficult to detect with traditional security tools.\n\nDefending against unknown threats requires a proactive approach. Incorporating threat intelligence, network monitoring, and behavior-based anomaly detection can help organizations identify potential threats before they cause damage. Additionally, following the principle of least privilege, segmenting networks, and maintaining strong data encryption can reduce the impact of unknown threats when they are discovered.\n\nIn conclusion, understanding the difference between known and unknown threats is crucial for implementing effective cyber security measures. By staying informed about the latest threats and investing in the right security tools and practices to tackle both known and unknown risks, organizations can better protect their networks, systems, and data from cyber attacks.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "l0BvDtwWoRSEjm6O0WDPy": {
+    "title": "APT",
+    "description": "Advanced Persistent Threats, or APTs, are a class of cyber threats characterized by their persistence over a long period, extensive resources, and high level of sophistication. Often associated with nation-state actors, organized cybercrime groups, and well-funded hackers, APTs are primarily focused on targeting high-value assets, such as critical infrastructure, financial systems, and government agencies.\n\nKey Aspects of APT\n------------------\n\n*   **Persistence**: APTs are designed to maintain a low profile and operate under the radar for extended periods. Hackers use advanced techniques to maintain access and control over their targets, and continually adapt and evolve in order to avoid being discovered.\n    \n*   **Sophistication**: APTs are known for employing a wide range of techniques and tactics to infiltrate and exploit their targets, including zero-day vulnerabilities, spear-phishing, social engineering, and advanced malware. The level of expertise behind APTs is typically higher than your average cybercriminal.\n    \n*   **Motivation**: APTs often have significant resources behind them, which allows for sustained cyber campaigns against specific targets. The motivation can be monetary gain, espionage, or even maintaining a competitive edge in the marketplace. APTs can also be used to sow chaos and destabilize geopolitical rivals.\n    \n\nDetecting and Mitigating APTs\n-----------------------------\n\nDue to the sophisticated and persistent nature of APTs, they can be challenging to detect and protect against. However, implementing several best practices can help organizations mitigate the risk and impact of APTs:\n\n*   Adopt a proactive approach to cyber security, including continuous network monitoring, threat hunting, and regular assessments.\n*   Implement a robust set of defense-in-depth security measures, including intrusion detection systems (IDS), firewalls, and access controls.\n*   Train employees on cybersecurity awareness and how to spot and respond to cyber threats.\n*   Keep systems updated and patched to prevent exploitation of known vulnerabilities.\n*   Employ advanced threat intelligence solutions to identify and anticipate potential APT campaigns.\n\nAPT attacks can be damaging and disruptive to organizations, but understanding the nature of these threats and implementing a comprehensive security strategy can help minimize the risk and protect valuable assets. Remember, APTs are not just a concern for large enterprises and governments; organizations of all sizes can be targeted. Staying vigilant and proactive is key to staying safe from these advanced threats.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What Are Advanced Persistent Threats? - IBM",
+        "url": "https://www.ibm.com/topics/advanced-persistent-threats",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "rxzcAzHjzIc9lkWSw0fef": {
+    "title": "VirusTotal",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "h__KxKa0Q74_egY7GOe-L": {
+    "title": "Joe Sandbox",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "GZHFR43UzN0WIIxGKZOdX": {
+    "title": "any.run",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "lFt1k1Q-NlWWqyDA3gWD1": {
+    "title": "urlvoid",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "lMiW2q-b72KUl-2S7M6Vb": {
+    "title": "urlscan",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "-RnlvUltJ9IDtH0HEnMbN": {
+    "title": "WHOIS",
+    "description": "Whois is a protocol that allows querying databases to obtain information about the owner of a domain name, an IP address, or an autonomous system number on the Internet.\n\nIn the field of cyber security, Whois data is one of several components in passive reconnaissance and open-source intelligence(OSINT) gathering.",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "How to use the whois command on Linux",
+        "url": "https://www.howtogeek.com/680086/how-to-use-the-whois-command-on-linux/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Whois lookup",
+        "url": "https://www.whois.com/whois/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "7obusm5UtHwWMcMMEB3lt": {
+    "title": "Phishing",
+    "description": "The technique where scammers pretend to be trusted organizations like your _bank_, _online retailers_ or a _government office_ in order to trick you into sharing your personal information like bank passcode, credit card number, Paypal password etc.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "How to Recognize and Avoid Phishing Scams",
+        "url": "https://consumer.ftc.gov/articles/how-recognize-and-avoid-phishing-scams",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "phishing - definition",
+        "url": "https://www.techtarget.com/searchsecurity/definition/phishing",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Protect yourself from phishing",
+        "url": "https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/protect-yourself-from-phishing-0c7ea947-ba98-3bd9-7184-430e1f860a44",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Phishing attacks are SCARY easy to do!! (let me show you!)",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u9dBGWVwMMA",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "M65fCl72qlF0VTbGNT6du": {
+    "title": "Whishing",
+    "description": "Social engineering attack involving voice, such as a phone call to trick a victim to do something to the benefit of the attacker.\n\nDerived from voice-phishing, or \"vishing\".",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "KSwl6sX2W47vUmytpm8LH": {
+    "title": "Whaling",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "d4U6Jq-CUB1nNN2OCFoum": {
+    "title": "Smishing",
+    "description": "SMS-phishing, or \"smishing\", is a type of social-engineering attack based on SMS, or text messages, to trick a victim into doing something to the benefit of the attacker, such as clicking on a malicious link or providing sensitive information.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "cbEMUyg_btIPjdx-XqIM5": {
+    "title": "Spam vs Spim",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "FD0bkmxNpPXiUB_NevEUf": {
+    "title": "Shoulder Surfing",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "Iu0Qtk13RjrhHpSlm0uyh": {
+    "title": "Dumpster Diving",
+    "description": "Dumpster Diving in the context of cybersecurity refers to the practice of searching through discarded materials in trash or recycling bins to find confidential information. This technique may seem unsophisticated, but it can be extremely effective in obtaining valuable data such as passwords, account information, network diagrams, or any other sensitive information that has not been properly destroyed.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is Dumpster Diving",
+        "url": "https://powerdmarc.com/dumpster-diving-in-cybersecurity/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "o-keJgF9hmifQ_hUD91iN": {
+    "title": "Tailgating",
+    "description": "Tailgating is the act of getting access to a restricted area by simply following an authorized person. This is a common social engineering technique used by attackers to gain physical access to a building or a restricted area. The attacker waits for an authorized person to open the door and then follows them inside. This technique is effective because it is based on trust and the assumption that the attacker is an authorized person.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "v9njgIxZyabJZ5iND3JGc": {
+    "title": "Zero day",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "O1VceThdxRlgQ6DcGyY7Y": {
+    "title": "Social Engineering",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "UU_inxa8Y2lLP2BRhdLDT": {
+    "title": "Reconnaissance",
+    "description": "Reconnaissance is the first phase of a cyberattack, during which attackers gather as much information as possible about a target system, network, or organization. The goal of reconnaissance is to identify potential vulnerabilities, entry points, and other valuable details that can be exploited in subsequent attack phases.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is Cyber Reconnaissance",
+        "url": "https://www.sentinelone.com/cybersecurity-101/threat-intelligence/what-is-cyber-reconnaissance/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "ZEgxmvjWPp5NofLFz_FTJ": {
+    "title": "Impersonation",
+    "description": "Impersonation in cybersecurity refers to an attack technique where a threat actor pretends to be a legitimate person or entity to deceive individuals, systems, or organizations. This tactic is commonly used in social engineering attacks to gain unauthorized access to sensitive information, resources, or systems.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is an Impersonation Attack?",
+        "url": "https://www.upguard.com/blog/impersonation-attack",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "dcvuKHq0nHgHLcLwtl4IJ": {
+    "title": "Watering Hole Attack",
+    "description": "Watering Hole Attack is a type of cyberattack where the attacker targets a specific group of users by compromising a website or online resource that they are known to frequently visit. The name \"watering hole\" comes from the idea of predators waiting by a water source to attack prey, similar to how attackers wait for their targets to visit a compromised site.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is a watering hole attack?",
+        "url": "https://www.techtarget.com/searchsecurity/definition/watering-hole-attack",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "cO70zHvHgBAH29khF-hBW": {
+    "title": "Drive by Attack",
+    "description": "Drive-by Attack is a type of cyberattack where malicious code is automatically downloaded and executed on a user's system simply by visiting a compromised or malicious website. The user does not need to click on anything or interact with the page; just loading the website is enough to trigger the attack.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is a Drive-By Attack?",
+        "url": "https://www.ericom.com/glossary/what-is-a-drive-by-attack/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "0LeDwj_tMaXjQBBOUJ5CL": {
+    "title": "Typo Squatting",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "Q0i-plPQkb_NIvOQBVaDd": {
+    "title": "Brute Force vs Password Spray",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "IF5H0ZJ72XnqXti3jRWYF": {
+    "title": "DoS vs DDoS",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "ODlVT6MhV-RVUbRMG0mHi": {
+    "title": "MITM",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "LteSouUtAj3JWWOzcjQPl": {
+    "title": "Spoofing",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "O1fY2n40yjZtJUEeoItKr": {
+    "title": "Evil Twin",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "urtsyYWViEzbqYLoNfQAh": {
+    "title": "DNS Poisoning",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "LfWJJaT3fv0p6fUeS8b84": {
+    "title": "Deauth Attack",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "u4hySof6if5hiONSaW-Uf": {
+    "title": "VLAN Hopping",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "Ee7LfbhwJbiWjJ3b_bbni": {
+    "title": "Rogue Access Point",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "n8ZOZxNhlnw7DpzoXe_f_": {
+    "title": "Buffer Overflow",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "nOND14t7ISgSH3zNpV3F8": {
+    "title": "Memory Leak",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "2jo1r9O_rCnDwRv1_4Wo-": {
+    "title": "XSS",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "P-Am25WJV8cFd_KsX7cdj": {
+    "title": "SQL Injection",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "pK2iRArULlK-B3iSVo4-n": {
+    "title": "CSRF",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "mIX8PsIGuwgPCGQZ6ok2H": {
+    "title": "Replay Attack",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "sMuKqf27y4iG0GrCdF5DN": {
+    "title": "Pass the Hash",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "L0ROYh2DNlkybNDO2ezJY": {
+    "title": "Directory Traversal",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "lv6fI3WeJawuCbwKtMRIh": {
+    "title": "Stakeholders",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "05tH6WhToC615JTFN-TPc": {
+    "title": "HR",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "C5bCIdPi0gGkY_r4qqoXZ": {
+    "title": "Legal",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "05Gbgy6aawYlYIx38u8DE": {
+    "title": "Compliance",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "s9tHpzYRj2HCImwQhnjFM": {
+    "title": "Management",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "vVaBQ5VtsE_ZeXbCOF8ux": {
+    "title": "Cloud Skills and Knowledge",
+    "description": "In the realm of cyber security, cloud skills and knowledge are indispensable for professionals who work with cloud-based infrastructure and services. As more organizations migrate to the cloud, the demand for cloud security expertise continues to rise. This chapter focuses on the essential cloud skills and knowledge a cyber security specialist should possess.\n\nUnderstanding Cloud Models\n--------------------------\n\nIt is fundamental for a cyber security professional to be acquainted with the different cloud service models, including:\n\n*   **IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service):** Offers virtualized computing resources over the Internet (e.g., Amazon Web Services, Microsoft Azure).\n*   **PaaS (Platform as a Service):** Provides a platform for developers to build, test, and deploy applications (e.g., Google App Engine, Heroku).\n*   **SaaS (Software as a Service):** Offers on-demand access to software applications over the Internet (e.g., Salesforce, Microsoft 365).\n\nFamiliarity with Cloud Security Architecture\n--------------------------------------------\n\nA comprehensive understanding of cloud security architecture enables professionals to design and implement secure cloud environments. Key aspects include:\n\n*   Identifying and managing risks in cloud deployments\n*   Configuring and managing cloud security services\n*   Applying best practices for data storage, access control, and encryption in the cloud\n\nCompliance and Legal Issues\n---------------------------\n\nCloud security specialists must be aware of various compliance and legal requirements related to cloud data storage and processing, such as GDPR, HIPAA, and PCI-DSS.\n\nCloud Security Tools and Technologies\n-------------------------------------\n\nCyber security professionals should be proficient in using various security tools and technologies specifically designed for the cloud, including:\n\n*   Cloud security monitoring and management tools (e.g., AWS Security Hub, Azure Security Center)\n*   Cloud-native security platforms (e.g., Palo Alto Networks Prisma, Check Point CloudGuard)\n*   API security and management tools (e.g., Postman, Swagger)\n\nCloud Identity and Access Management\n------------------------------------\n\nA strong grasp of identity and access management (IAM) concepts in the cloud is crucial. This entails understanding:\n\n*   How to create and manage user identities and permissions\n*   Implementing multi-factor authentication (MFA)\n*   Understanding the differences between cloud-based and traditional IAM systems\n\nSecuring Cloud Networks\n-----------------------\n\nProfessionals should know the fundamentals of securing cloud networks, including:\n\n*   Implementing network security features such as firewalls, virtual private networks (VPNs), and intrusion detection systems\n*   Segmenting cloud networks for better security\n\nOverall, possessing cloud skills and knowledge prepares cyber security professionals to effectively protect and manage cloud infrastructure and applications in today's fast-paced digital landscape.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "ThLsXkqLw--uddHz0spCH": {
+    "title": "Understand the Concept of Security in the Cloud",
+    "description": "In this section, we will explore some key security concepts in the cloud to help you better understand and apply best practices for securing your cloud environment. This knowledge will enable you to maintain the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of your data and applications, while ensuring compliance with industry standards and regulations.\n\nShared Responsibility Model\n---------------------------\n\nOne of the fundamental concepts to grasp when dealing with cloud security is the _Shared Responsibility Model_. This means that securing the cloud environment is a joint effort between the cloud service provider (CSP) and the customer.\n\n*   **CSP Responsibilities**: The cloud service provider is responsible for securing the underlying infrastructure that supports the cloud services, including data centers, networks, hardware, and software.\n*   **Customer Responsibilities**: Customers are responsible for securing their data, applications, and user access within the cloud environment. This includes data encryption, patch management, and access control.\n\nIdentity and Access Management (IAM)\n------------------------------------\n\nIAM is an essential security concept in the cloud, as it helps enforce the principle of least privilege by only granting the necessary permissions to users, applications, and services.\n\n*   **User Management**: Creation and management of user accounts, roles, and groups to ensure that only authorized personnel can access and manage the cloud environment.\n*   **Access Control**: Implementing policies and rules to control access to cloud resources, such as virtual machines, storage accounts, and databases.\n\nData Protection\n---------------\n\nKeeping your data secure in the cloud is crucial, and multiple methods can be employed to achieve this goal.\n\n*   **Encryption**: Encrypting data at rest (stored in the cloud) and in transit (transmitted over the internet) to protect it from unauthorized access.\n*   **Backup and Recovery**: Regularly creating backups of your data to ensure its availability in case of data loss or corruption, and implementing a disaster recovery plan to quickly restore lost or compromised data.\n\nNetwork Security\n----------------\n\nNetwork security in the cloud encompasses various strategies aimed at protecting the integrity and availability of the network.\n\n*   **Firewalls**: Deploying firewalls to protect against unauthorized access to your cloud environment, using both standard and next-generation firewall features.\n*   **Intrusion Detection and Prevention Systems (IDPS)**: Implementing IDPS solutions to monitor network traffic for malicious activity and automatically block suspected threats.\n*   **VPC and Network Segmentation**: Creating virtual private clouds (VPCs) and segmenting networks to isolate resources, limiting the potential blast radius in case of a security incident.\n\nSecurity Monitoring and Incident Response\n-----------------------------------------\n\nContinuously monitoring your cloud environment helps identify and respond to security incidents in a timely manner.\n\n*   **Security Information and Event Management (SIEM)**: Deploying SIEM solutions to collect, analyze, and correlate security events and logs in real-time, enabling the detection of suspicious activities.\n*   **Incident Response Plan**: Developing and maintaining a well-documented incident response plan to guide your organization through the process of identifying, containing, and remediating security incidents.\n\nBy understanding and implementing these cloud security concepts, you will be better equipped to protect your cloud environment and ensure the safety of your data and applications.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "XL3FVeGFDhAl_gSol6Tjt": {
+    "title": "Understand the basics and general flow of deploying in the cloud",
+    "description": "Cloud deployment flow refers to the process of deploying applications, data, and services onto the cloud infrastructure. It is a critical aspect of cloud computing, as it ensures that resources are utilized efficiently, and applications and services run seamlessly on the cloud environment. In this section, we will discuss the key aspects of cloud deployment flow, including the types of cloud deployment models and the steps involved in the process.\n\nTypes of Cloud Deployment Models\n--------------------------------\n\nThere are four main types of cloud deployment models, which are:\n\n*   **Public Cloud**: The resources are owned, managed, and operated by a third-party service provider and are made available to the general public.\n*   **Private Cloud**: The cloud infrastructure is owned, managed, and operated for a single organization, and resources are allocated based on the organization's needs.\n*   **Hybrid Cloud**: A combination of private and public clouds that allows for data and application portability between the two environments.\n*   **Community Cloud**: The cloud infrastructure is shared by multiple organizations with similar requirements and goals.\n\nCloud Deployment Process\n------------------------\n\n*   **Select a Cloud Deployment Model**: Choose the type of cloud deployment model that best meets your organization's needs and requirements.\n    \n*   **Define Your Infrastructure**: Identify the cloud services you need, such as computing resources, storage, networking, and other applications or services.\n    \n*   **Choose a Cloud Service Provider**: Research and compare different cloud service providers to determine which one best aligns with your organization's needs, budget, and goals.\n    \n*   **Configure and Migrate**: Set up and configure your cloud environment, including network configuration, security settings, and user access levels. Additionally, migrate your data and applications to the cloud.\n    \n*   **Test and Optimize**: Test your cloud deployment to ensure that it meets your performance and functionality requirements. Monitor and optimize your cloud environment to ensure that resources are being used efficiently and cost-effectively.\n    \n*   **Monitor, Manage, and Maintain**: Regularly monitor your cloud environment to check for performance issues, security risks, and other potential concerns. Perform regular maintenance tasks, such as updating software and patching security vulnerabilities, to ensure the continuous, reliable operation of your cloud deployment.\n    \n\nBy understanding the cloud deployment flow and following the steps mentioned above, you can seamlessly deploy your applications, data, and services on the cloud infrastructure, improving the overall efficiency and performance of your organization's IT systems.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "KGjYM4Onr5GQf1Yv9IabI": {
+    "title": "Understand the differences between cloud and on-premises",
+    "description": "When it comes to managing your organization's data and applications, there are mainly two options: **Cloud** and **On-premises**. Choosing between these two options can be crucial for the way your organization handles its cyber security. In this section, we will discuss the key differences and advantages of both options.\n\nCloud\n-----\n\nCloud computing allows you to store and access data and applications over the internet, rather than housing them within your own organization's infrastructure. Some key advantages of cloud computing include:\n\n*   **Scalability:** Cloud service providers can easily scale resources up or down based on your organization's needs.\n*   **Cost savings:** You only pay for what you actually use, and you can avoid high upfront costs associated with building and maintaining your own infrastructure.\n*   **Flexibility:** Cloud services enable users to access data and applications from any device and location with an internet connection\n\nHowever, cloud-based solutions also come with their own set of challenges:\n\n*   **Security and privacy:** When your data is stored with a third-party provider, you may have concerns about how your information is being protected and who has access to it.\n*   **Data control and sovereignty:** Cloud service providers may store your data in servers located in various countries, which might raise concerns about data privacy and legal compliance.\n*   **Performance:** Some applications might suffer from network latency when hosted in the cloud, impacting their responsiveness and efficiency.\n\nOn-premises\n-----------\n\nOn-premises solutions are those that are deployed within your own organization's infrastructure. Key advantages of on-premises solutions include:\n\n*   **Control:** With an on-premises solution, your organization maintains full control over its data and the infrastructure it resides on.\n*   **Data protection:** On-premises environments may offer increased data security due to physical access restrictions and the ability to implement stringent security policies.\n*   **Customization:** On-premises solutions can be tailored to the specific needs and resources of your organization.\n\nHowever, on-premises solutions are not without their own set of challenges:\n\n*   **Upfront costs:** Building and maintaining an on-premises infrastructure can be expensive and might require significant capital investments.\n*   **Maintenance:** Your organization will be responsible for regularly updating hardware and software components, which can be time-consuming and costly.\n*   **Limited scalability:** Scaling an on-premises infrastructure can be a complex and expensive process, and it may take more time compared to the flexibility provided by cloud solutions.\n\nConclusion\n----------\n\nIn conclusion, both cloud and on-premises solutions have their own set of advantages and challenges. The choice between the two depends on factors such as cost, security, control, and performance requirements. As an organization's cyber security expert, you must thoroughly evaluate these factors to make an informed decision that best suits your organization's needs.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "RJctUpvlUJGAdwBNtDSXw": {
+    "title": "Understand the concept of Infrastructure as Cloud",
+    "description": "Infrastructure as Code (IaC) is a key concept in the world of cloud computing and cybersecurity. It refers to the practice of defining, provisioning, and managing IT infrastructure through code rather than manual processes. IaC is a fundamental shift in the way we manage and operate infrastructure resources, introducing automation, consistency, and scalability benefits.\n\nKey Benefits of Infrastructure as Code\n--------------------------------------\n\n*   **Consistency**: IaC ensures that your infrastructure is consistent across different environments (development, staging, and production). This eliminates manual errors and guarantees that the infrastructure is provisioned in the same way every time.\n    \n*   **Version Control**: By managing your infrastructure as code, it allows you to track changes to the infrastructure, just like you would with application code. This makes it easier to identify issues and rollback to a previous state if needed.\n    \n*   **Collaboration**: IaC allows multiple members of your team to collaborate on defining and managing the infrastructure, enabling better communication and visibility into the state of the infrastructure.\n    \n*   **Automation**: IaC enables you to automate the provisioning, configuration, and management of infrastructure resources. This reduces the time and effort required to provision resources and enables you to quickly scale your infrastructure to meet demand.\n    \n\nCommon IaC Tools\n----------------\n\nThere are several popular IaC tools available today, each with their strengths and weaknesses. Some of the most widely used include:\n\n*   **Terraform**: An open-source IaC tool developed by HashiCorp that allows you to define and provide data center infrastructure using a declarative configuration language. Terraform is platform-agnostic and can be used with various cloud providers.\n    \n*   **AWS CloudFormation**: A service by Amazon Web Services (AWS) that enables you to manage and provision infrastructure resources using JSON or YAML templates. CloudFormation is specifically designed for use with AWS resources.\n    \n*   **Azure Resource Manager (ARM) Templates**: A native IaC solution provided by Microsoft Azure that enables you to define, deploy, and manage Azure infrastructure using JSON templates.\n    \n*   **Google Cloud Deployment Manager**: A service offered by Google Cloud Platform (GCP) that allows you to create and manage cloud resources using YAML configuration files.\n    \n\nBest Practices for Implementing Infrastructure as Code\n------------------------------------------------------\n\n*   **Use Version Control**: Keep your IaC files in a version control system (e.g., Git) to track changes and enable collaboration among team members.\n    \n*   **Modularize Your Code**: Break down your infrastructure code into smaller, reusable modules that can be shared and combined to create more complex infrastructure configurations.\n    \n*   **Validate and Test**: Use tools and practices such as unit tests and static analysis to verify the correctness and security of your infrastructure code before deploying it.\n    \n*   **Continuously Monitor and Update**: Keep your IaC code up-to-date with the latest security patches and best practices, and constantly monitor the state of your infrastructure to detect and remediate potential issues.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "-83ltMEl3le3yD68OFnTM": {
+    "title": "Understand the Concept of Serverless",
+    "description": "Serverless computing is an innovative approach to application development that has changed the way developers build and deploy applications. In traditional application development, developers have to spend valuable time setting up, maintaining, and scaling servers to run their applications. Serverless computing removes this additional infrastructure overhead, allowing developers to focus solely on the application logic while the cloud provider takes care of the underlying infrastructure.\n\nHow does serverless work?\n-------------------------\n\nServerless computing works by executing your application code in short-lived stateless compute containers that are automatically provisioned and scaled by the cloud provider. In simple terms, it means that you only pay for the actual compute resources consumed when your application is running, rather than paying for pre-allocated or reserved resources. This ensures high flexibility, cost-effectiveness, and scalability.\n\nSome common characteristics of serverless computing include:\n\n*   _No server management:_ Developers don't need to manage any servers, taking the burden of infrastructure management off their shoulders.\n*   _Auto-scaling:_ The cloud provider automatically scales the compute resources as per the incoming requests or events.\n*   _Cost optimization:_ Pay-as-you-go pricing model ensures that you only pay for the compute resources consumed by your application.\n*   _Event-driven:_ Serverless applications are often designed to be triggered by events, such as API calls or data updates, ensuring efficient use of resources.\n\nPopular Serverless platforms\n----------------------------\n\nMany cloud providers offer serverless computing services, with the most popular options being:\n\n*   **AWS Lambda:** Amazon Web Services (AWS) offers one of the most popular serverless computing services called Lambda. Developers can build and deploy applications using various programming languages, with AWS taking care of the infrastructure requirements.\n*   **Google Cloud Functions:** Google Cloud Platform (GCP) offers Cloud Functions, a serverless computing service for executing your application code in response to events.\n*   **Azure Functions:** Microsoft's Azure Functions allow you to run stateless applications in a fully managed environment, complete with auto-scaling capabilities and numerous integrations with other Azure services.\n\nAdvantages of Serverless Computing\n----------------------------------\n\nAdopting serverless computing can benefit organizations in several ways, such as:\n\n*   **Reduced operational costs:** With serverless, you only pay for what you use, reducing the overall infrastructure costs.\n*   **Faster deployment:** Serverless applications can be deployed quickly, allowing businesses to reach the market faster and respond to changes more effectively.\n*   **Scalability:** The automatic scaling provided by the serverless platform ensures high availability and performance of your application.\n*   **Focus on business logic:** Developers can concentrate exclusively on writing application code without worrying about infrastructure management.\n\nIt's important to note that serverless computing isn't a one-size-fits-all solution. There are times when traditional server-based architectures might be more suitable, depending on the use case and requirements. However, understanding the concept of serverless computing and leveraging its benefits can go a long way in enhancing cloud skills and knowledge in the ever-evolving cyber security domain.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "sVw5KVNxPEatBRKb2ZbS_": {
+    "title": "SaaS",
+    "description": "**Software as a Service**, often abbreviated as **SaaS**, is a cloud-based software delivery model where applications are provided over the internet. Instead of installing and maintaining software locally on individual computers or servers, users can access the software and its features through a web browser.\n\nFeatures\n--------\n\nSaaS offers various benefits and features that make it an attractive option for individuals and businesses alike. Some key features include:\n\n*   **Accessibility**: SaaS applications can be accessed from anywhere with an internet connection.\n*   **Lower Costs**: As a user, you only pay for what you use, reducing upfront costs such as licences and infrastructure investments.\n*   **Automatic Updates**: The SaaS provider is responsible for software updates, bug fixes, and patches. This means the latest version of the software is available to users without any manual intervention.\n*   **Scalability**: SaaS applications can easily scale to accommodate a growing user base, making it an ideal choice for businesses of all sizes.\n*   **Customization**: SaaS applications often come with various modules or add-ons that offer additional functionality and professional services for customization.\n\nSecurity Considerations\n-----------------------\n\nWhile SaaS offers numerous benefits, there are some potential concerns related to data security and privacy. Here are some key security considerations:\n\n*   **Data Storage**: In a SaaS environment, your data is stored in the cloud, which means you need to trust the provider to properly secure it. Make sure the provider complies with relevant industry standards and regulations.\n*   **Data Transmission**: It is crucial to verify that your data is encrypted when transmitted between your systems and the SaaS application. This can help protect your information from unauthorized access during transmission.\n*   **Access Control**: Establish strong access control policies and procedures to ensure that only authorized users can access sensitive data within the SaaS application.\n*   **Service Availability**: In case of a SaaS provider experiencing downtime or going out of business, make sure to have contingency plans in place, such as regular data backups and alternative software options.\n\nChoosing a SaaS Provider\n------------------------\n\nBefore committing to a SaaS provider, it is essential to undertake a thorough evaluation to ensure that it can meet your security and business requirements. Some aspects to consider include:\n\n*   **Compliance**: Check if the provider adheres to legal and regulatory requirements in your industry.\n*   **Service Level Agreements (SLAs)**: Review the provider's SLAs to understand their uptime guarantees, performance standards and penalties in case of SLA breaches.\n*   **Data Management**: Make sure the provider offers tools and features to manage your data, such as importing, exporting, and data backup/restoration capabilities.\n*   **Support**: Verify if the provider offers adequate support resources, like a 24/7 help desk and comprehensive documentation.\n\nBy keeping these aspects in mind, you can make an informed decision about whether SaaS is the right solution for your business, and select the best SaaS provider to meet your unique needs.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "PQ_np6O-4PK2V-r5lywQg": {
+    "title": "PaaS",
+    "description": "Platform as a Service, or **PaaS**, is a type of cloud computing service that provides a platform for developers to create, deploy, and maintain software applications. PaaS combines the software development platform and the underlying infrastructure, such as servers, storage, and networking resources. This enables developers to focus on writing and managing their applications, without worrying about the underlying infrastructure's setup, maintenance, and scalability.\n\nKey Features of PaaS\n--------------------\n\n*   **Scalability:** PaaS allows for easily scaling applications to handle increased load and demand, without the need for manual intervention.\n*   **Development Tools:** PaaS providers offer a collection of integrated development tools, such as programming languages, libraries, and APIs (Application Programming Interfaces) that enable developers to build and deploy applications.\n*   **Automated Management:** PaaS platforms automate the management of underlying resources and provide seamless updates to ensure the applications are always running on the latest and most secure software versions.\n*   **Cost-Effective:** PaaS can be more cost-effective than managing an on-premises infrastructure, since the provider manages the underlying resources, thus reducing the need for dedicated IT staff.\n\nCommon Use Cases for PaaS\n-------------------------\n\n*   **Application Development:** Developers can use PaaS platforms to develop, test, and launch applications quickly and efficiently.\n*   **Web Hosting:** PaaS platforms often include tools for hosting and managing web applications, reducing the effort needed to configure and maintain web servers.\n*   **Data Analytics:** PaaS platforms typically offer data processing and analytics tools, making it easy for organizations to analyze and gain insights from their data.\n*   **IoT Development:** PaaS platforms may include IoT (Internet of Things) services, simplifying the development and management of IoT applications and devices.\n\nIn conclusion, PaaS simplifies the application development and deployment process by providing a platform and its associated tools, saving developers time and resources. By leveraging PaaS, organizations can focus on their core competencies and build innovative applications without worrying about infrastructure management.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "1nPifNUm-udLChIqLC_uK": {
+    "title": "IaaS",
+    "description": "Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) is a type of cloud computing service that offers virtualized computing resources over the internet. Essentially, it enables you to rent IT infrastructure—such as virtual machines (VMs), storage, and networking—on a pay-as-you-go basis instead of buying and maintaining your own physical hardware.\n\nKey Features\n------------\n\nIaaS provides a wide range of services and resources, including:\n\n*   **Scalable Virtual Machines**: Quickly provision and scale virtual machines based on your requirements, with various configurations for CPU cores, RAM, and storage.\n    \n*   **Managed Storage**: Access various storage options such as block storage, object storage, and file storage to suit your application and data needs.\n    \n*   **Flexible Networking**: Create virtual networks, configure subnets, manage IPs, and set up VPNs to connect your cloud environments.\n    \n*   **Security**: Implement security measures like firewalls, access control policies, and encryption to protect your infrastructure and data.\n    \n*   **Automation & Integration**: Utilize APIs and other tools to automate tasks and integrate with third-party services.\n    \n\nBenefits\n--------\n\nUsing IaaS offers several advantages, such as:\n\n*   **Cost Efficiency**: Eliminate the need to invest in and maintain physical hardware, while only paying for the resources you actually use.\n    \n*   **Scalability & Flexibility**: Rapidly adjust and scale your resources to meet changing demand, without the constraints of limited physical hardware capacity.\n    \n*   **Faster Deployment**: Deploy and configure your infrastructure much faster compared to setting up traditional hardware.\n    \n*   **Reliability**: Leverage the redundancy and reliability of the cloud provider's infrastructure to ensure high availability and minimize downtime.\n    \n*   **Focus on Core Business**: Free up time and resources that would have been spent on managing and maintaining infrastructure, allowing you to focus on your core business operations.\n    \n\nUse Cases\n---------\n\nIaaS is a popular solution for various scenarios, including:\n\n*   **Web Apps**: Host and scale web applications, ensuring they can handle sudden traffic spikes or expanding user bases.\n    \n*   **Development & Testing**: Quickly set up testing and development environments to iterate and validate new features.\n    \n*   **Data Storage & Backup**: Store large volumes of data, from business-critical databases to offsite backups.\n    \n*   **Big Data & Analytics**: Process and analyze large data sets with high-performance computing clusters, without the need to invest in specialized hardware.\n    \n\nPopular IaaS Providers\n----------------------\n\nThere are several IaaS providers in the market, some of the most popular include:\n\n*   Amazon Web Services (AWS)\n*   Microsoft Azure\n*   Google Cloud Platform (GCP)\n\nEach provider offers a range of services and tools that cater to different needs and requirements. It's essential to evaluate the features, cost structure, and support offered by each platform to make the most suitable choice for your organization.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "ecpMKP1cQXXsfKETDUrSf": {
+    "title": "Private",
+    "description": "A **Private Cloud** is a cloud computing model that is solely dedicated to a single organization. In this model, the organization's data and applications are hosted and managed either within the organization's premises or in a privately-owned data center. This cloud model provides enhanced security and control, as the resources are not shared with other organizations, ensuring that your data remains private and secure.\n\nBenefits of Private Cloud\n-------------------------\n\n*   **Enhanced Security:** As the resources and infrastructure are dedicated to one organization, the risk of unauthorized access, data leaks, or security breaches is minimal.\n    \n*   **Customization and Control:** The organization has complete control over their cloud environment, enabling them to customize their infrastructure and applications according to their specific needs.\n    \n*   **Compliance:** Private clouds can be tailored to meet strict regulatory and compliance requirements, ensuring that sensitive data is protected.\n    \n*   **Dedicated Resources:** Organizations have access to dedicated resources, ensuring high performance and availability for their applications.\n    \n\nDrawbacks of Private Cloud\n--------------------------\n\n*   **Higher Costs:** Building and maintaining a private cloud can be expensive, as organizations are responsible for purchasing and managing their own hardware, software, and infrastructure.\n    \n*   **Limited Scalability:** As resources are dedicated to one organization, private clouds may have limited scalability, requiring additional investments in infrastructure upgrades to accommodate growth.\n    \n*   **Responsibility for Management and Maintenance:** Unlike public clouds, where the cloud provider handles management and maintenance, the organization is responsible for these tasks in a private cloud, which can be time-consuming and resource-intensive.\n    \n\nIn summary, a private cloud model is ideal for organizations that require a high level of security, control, and customization. It is especially suitable for organizations with strict compliance requirements or sensitive data to protect. However, this model comes with higher costs and management responsibilities, which should be considered when choosing a cloud model for your organization.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "ZDj7KBuyZsKyEMZViMoXW": {
+    "title": "Public",
+    "description": "A **public cloud** is a cloud service that is available for use by the general public. In this cloud model, a cloud service provider owns and manages the cloud infrastructure, which is shared among multiple users or organizations. These users can access the cloud services via the internet and pay as they use, taking advantage of economies of scale.\n\nKey Features\n------------\n\n*   **Shared Infrastructure**: The public cloud is built on a shared infrastructure, where multiple users or organizations leverage the same hardware and resources to store their data or run their applications.\n*   **Scalability**: Public clouds offer greater scalability than private clouds, as they can quickly allocate additional resources to users who need them.\n*   **Cost-effective**: Since public clouds operate on a pay-as-you-go model, users only pay for the resources they consume, making it more cost-effective for organizations with fluctuating resource requirements.\n\nBenefits of Public Cloud\n------------------------\n\n*   **Lower costs**: There is no need to invest in on-premises hardware, and ongoing costs are usually lower due to economies of scale and the pay-as-you-go model.\n*   **Ease of access**: Users can access the cloud services from anywhere using an internet connection.\n*   **Updates and maintenance**: The cloud service provider is responsible for maintaining and updating the cloud infrastructure, ensuring that the latest security patches and features are applied.\n*   **Reliability**: Public cloud providers have multiple data centers and robust redundancy measures, which can lead to improved service reliability and uptime.\n\nDrawback and Concerns\n---------------------\n\n*   **Security**: Since public clouds are shared by multiple users, there is an increased risk of threats and vulnerabilities, especially if the cloud provider does not have stringent security measures in place.\n*   **Privacy and Compliance**: Organizations with strict data privacy and regulatory compliance requirements may find it difficult to use public cloud services, as data may be shared or stored in locations based on the provider's data center locations.\n*   **Control**: Users have less direct control over the management and configuration of the cloud infrastructure compared to a private cloud.\n\nDespite these concerns, many businesses and organizations successfully use public clouds to host non-sensitive data or run applications that do not require stringent compliance requirements.\n\nExamples of popular public cloud service providers include Amazon Web Services (AWS), Microsoft Azure, and Google Cloud Platform (GCP).",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "ywRlTuTfh5-NHnv4ZyW1t": {
+    "title": "Hybrid",
+    "description": "The hybrid cloud model is a type of cloud computing deployment that combines the features of both private and public cloud models. In this model, organizations can capitalize on the advantages of both models by seamlessly integrating and sharing resources between the two. Below, we delve into the key characteristics, benefits, and challenges associated with the hybrid cloud model.\n\nCharacteristics\n---------------\n\n*   **Integration**: Hybrid cloud environments rely on a strong connection between private and public clouds, allowing for the secure sharing of data and applications.\n    \n*   **Scalability**: Organizations can easily scale resources up or down depending on their needs, taking advantage of the flexibility offered by the public cloud while maintaining the security of a private cloud.\n    \n*   **Cost-Optimization**: Enterprises using the hybrid cloud model can optimize costs by selectively allocating workloads to either public or private cloud environments based on their specific needs.\n    \n\nBenefits\n--------\n\n*   **Security**: Hybrid clouds offer better security by allowing organizations to store sensitive data in their private cloud while using the public cloud for less-sensitive data and applications.\n    \n*   **Greater Flexibility**: By combining public and private clouds, organizations can enjoy more flexibility when managing resources and can react quickly to varying workloads and changing requirements.\n    \n*   **Cost Savings**: In a hybrid cloud model, organizations can take advantage of the pay-as-you-go pricing of public clouds, reducing the overall TCO (Total Cost of Ownership) of their IT infrastructure.\n    \n\nChallenges\n----------\n\n*   **Complex Management**: Managing a hybrid cloud environment can be more complex compared to a single cloud solution, as organizations must carefully balance resources and maintain data consistency/bandwidth between private and public cloud environments.\n    \n*   **Security Concerns**: While hybrid clouds offer improved security compared to a purely public cloud solution, organizations must still implement proper security measures and governance policies, such as encryption and access controls, to protect sensitive data.\n    \n\nOverall, the hybrid cloud model is an effective solution for organizations looking to leverage the best features of both private and public cloud environments to achieve a balance between cost-efficiency, security, and flexibility.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "0LztOTc3NG3OujCVwlcVU": {
+    "title": "AWS",
+    "description": "Amazon Web Services (AWS) is a leading cloud computing platform provided by Amazon. Launched in 2006, AWS offers an extensive range of on-demand IT services, such as computing power, storage, databases, networking, and security, which enable organizations to develop, deploy, and scale applications and infrastructure quickly and cost-effectively.\n\nKey AWS Services\n----------------\n\nAWS provides over 200 different services, with new ones being added regularly. Some of the most important and commonly used services include:\n\nCompute\n-------\n\n*   **EC2 (Elastic Compute Cloud):** A virtual server that can be customized to suit various workloads and applications. Instances can be scaled up or down as needed.\n    \n*   **Lambda:** A serverless computing service that enables you to run your code in response to events or HTTP requests without provisioning or managing servers.\n    \n\nStorage\n-------\n\n*   **S3 (Simple Storage Service):** A scalable object storage service that allows you to store and retrieve files, such as documents, images, and videos.\n    \n*   **EBS (Elastic Block Store):** A block storage solution used with EC2 instances for persistent storage.\n    \n*   **Glacier:** A low-cost archiving solution used for long-term storage and data backup.\n    \n\nDatabases\n---------\n\n*   **RDS (Relational Database Service):** A managed service for hosting, scaling, and backing up relational databases, such as MySQL, PostgreSQL, and Oracle.\n    \n*   **DynamoDB:** A managed NoSQL database service, designed for applications that need fast, consistent performance at any scale.\n    \n\nNetworking\n----------\n\n*   **VPC (Virtual Private Cloud):** Provides a virtual network for your AWS resources, enabling you to control and isolate your cloud environment.\n    \n*   **Route 53:** A Domain Name System (DNS) web service that allows you to manage domain registration and routing policies.\n    \n\nSecurity, Identity, and Compliance\n----------------------------------\n\n*   **IAM (Identity and Access Management):** Provides centralized control over AWS resource access and user permissions, enabling secure access management for your resources.\n    \n*   **Cognito:** A user identity and data synchronization service that allows you to authenticate and manage users in your applications.\n    \n\nBenefits of AWS\n---------------\n\nThere are several reasons why AWS is widely used and trusted:\n\n*   **Scalability:** AWS services are designed to scale with the growing needs of your business. You can adjust resources as needed without any upfront investment.\n    \n*   **Flexibility:** AWS supports a wide array of operating systems, programming languages, and tools, making it easy to migrate existing applications or develop new ones.\n    \n*   **Cost-effective:** AWS follows a pay-as-you-go model, allowing you to pay only for the services and resources you use, eliminating upfront expenses.\n    \n*   **Security:** AWS has robust security features, such as data encryption, multi-factor authentication, and infrastructure security measures, ensuring that your data and applications remain secure.\n    \n*   **Global Presence:** With data centers across the globe, AWS enables you to serve your customers with low latency and maintain business continuity.\n    \n\nAs a part of your cybersecurity strategy, it’s crucial to understand and securely configure your AWS environment. Secure your cloud infrastructure by adhering to AWS best practices, implementing access controls, and regularly monitoring for vulnerabilities.\n\nFor more information on securing your AWS environment, refer to the [AWS Well-Architected Framework](https://aws.amazon.com/architecture/well-architected/) and the [AWS Security Best Practices](https://d1.awsstatic.com/whitepapers/Security/AWS_Security_Best_Practices.pdf) whitepapers.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "tOLA5QPKi6LHl1ljsOMwX": {
+    "title": "GCP",
+    "description": "Google Cloud Platform (GCP) is a collection of cloud computing services offered by Google, which provides infrastructure and platform services to businesses or individuals. It enables users to either build their own applications or services on the provided resources, or utilize ready-to-use services provided by Google. GCP covers a wide range of services, including (but not limited to) compute, storage, databases, networking, and many more.\n\nKey Features\n------------\n\n*   **Global Infrastructure**: GCP is built on Google's global infrastructure, which ensures high performance, availability, and low latency for applications and services hosted on their platform.\n    \n*   **Scalability**: The platform can easily scale up or down based on the user's needs. It allows users to run applications and services on one, tens, or even thousands of virtual machines simultaneously.\n    \n*   **Security**: GCP provides robust security measures that include data encryption at rest and in transit by default, as well as compliance with various certifications and regulations.\n    \n*   **Easy Integration**: GCP services can be easily integrated with other Google services, such as Google Drive or Google Analytics, to provide more insights and functionality to your applications.\n    \n*   **Cost-Effectiveness**: The pay-as-you-go pricing model lets users pay for only the resources they use, without any upfront costs or long-term commitments.\n    \n\nCommon GCP Services\n-------------------\n\n*   **Compute Engine**: Provides virtual machines (VMs) that can be customized in terms of CPU, memory, storage, etc. You have full control over the VM and can install any software you need.\n*   **App Engine**: A fully managed platform for building, deploying, and scaling applications without worrying about infrastructure management. Ideal for web applications or mobile app backends.\n*   **Cloud Functions**: Offers event-driven computing, allowing you to run small pieces of code (functions) in response to specific events (triggers such as HTTP requests or file uploads).\n*   **Cloud Storage**: A highly scalable and durable object storage solution for unstructured data.\n*   **Bigtable**: A highly scalable, fully managed NoSQL database suitable for real-time analytics and large-scale data processing.\n*   **Cloud SQL**: A fully managed relational database service for MySQL, PostgreSQL, or SQL Server databases.\n*   **Cloud Spanner**: A fully managed, globally distributed relational database service that combines strong consistency, horizontal scaling, and transaction support.\n*   **Cloud Pub/Sub**: A messaging service that allows you to send and receive messages between independent applications.\n\nThese are just a few of the many services offered by GCP. Leveraging these services can help businesses build and deploy applications in the cloud with ease, while also ensuring that their data and applications are secure and scalable.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "GklBi7Qx1akN_cS9UMrha": {
+    "title": "Azure",
+    "description": "Microsoft Azure, often referred to simply as \"Azure\", is a cloud computing platform and service offered by Microsoft. Azure provides a wide range of cloud services, tools, and resources for organizations and developers to build, deploy, and manage applications on a global scale. With support for multiple programming languages and frameworks, Azure makes it easier to move existing applications or create new ones for the cloud environment.\n\nKey Features\n------------\n\n*   **Compute Power**: Azure offers a variety of virtual machines, containers, and serverless computing options to execute and scale applications.\n    \n*   **Storage**: Azure provides several storage options - Blob Storage for unstructured data, File Storage for file shares, and Disk Storage for block storage.\n    \n*   **Databases**: Azure offers managed relational databases, NoSQL databases, and in-memory databases for different needs and workloads.\n    \n*   **Analytics**: Azure provides tools and services for big data and advanced analytics, including Azure Data Lake, Azure Machine Learning, and Power BI.\n    \n*   **Networking**: Azure supports various networking services, such as Virtual Networks, Load Balancers, and Content Delivery Networks, to ensure secure and reliable connectivity to applications.\n    \n*   **Security**: Azure provides a range of security services and features to help protect your applications and data, including Advanced Threat Protection, Azure Active Directory, and Azure Firewall.\n    \n*   **Identity & Access Management**: Azure Active Directory (AD) provides identity and access management services, enabling secure sign-on and multi-factor authentication for applications and users.\n    \n*   **Hybrid Cloud**: Azure supports hybrid cloud deployment, meaning you can run some parts of your infrastructure on-premises and some on Azure.\n    \n\nPros and Cons\n-------------\n\n**Pros**:\n\n*   Wide range of services and features\n*   Integration with other Microsoft products\n*   Strong support for hybrid cloud\n*   Good for large enterprises already using Microsoft technologies\n\n**Cons**:\n\n*   Can be complex to navigate and manage\n*   Potentially costly depending on usage and services\n\nAzure is an excellent choice for those looking to leverage a vast array of cloud services, particularly if you're already invested in the Microsoft ecosystem. It's important to keep in mind, though, that the platform's complexity can lead to a steeper learning curve, and managing costs can be challenging as usage scales.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "2jsTgT7k8MeaDtx6RJhOP": {
+    "title": "S3",
+    "description": "Amazon Simple Storage Service (S3) is a scalable, high-speed, low-latency object storage service designed and managed by Amazon Web Services (AWS). It offers a simple web service interface that allows developers and businesses to store and retrieve almost any amount or type of data, from anywhere on the internet.\n\nKey Features\n------------\n\n*   **Scalable Storage**: Amazon S3 offers virtually unlimited storage capacity, making it perfect for applications that require large amounts of data storage or rapid scaling.\n    \n*   **High Durability**: S3 automatically stores your data redundantly across multiple devices in multiple geographically dispersed data centers, ensuring 99.999999999% durability of your data.\n    \n*   **Easy Data Management**: With S3's simple web interface, you can easily create, delete, and manage buckets (storage containers) and objects (files). You can also configure fine-tuned access controls to grant specific permissions to users or groups.\n    \n*   **Data Transfer**: Amazon S3 supports seamless data transfer using various methods like the AWS Management Console, AWS SDKs, and the REST API. You can also enable data transfers between S3 and other AWS services.\n    \n*   **Object Versioning**: S3 supports versioning of objects, allowing you to preserve, retrieve, and restore every version of an object in a bucket.\n    \n*   **Security**: S3 provides secure access to your data by integrating with AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) and supporting encryption in transit and at rest.\n    \n\nUse cases\n---------\n\n*   _Backup and Archiving_: Amazon S3 is an ideal solution for backing up and archiving your critical data, ensuring it's durably stored and immediately available when needed.\n    \n*   _Big Data Analytics_: With its scalable and data-agnostic design, S3 can support big data applications by consistently delivering low latency and high throughput access to vast amounts of data.\n    \n*   _Content Distribution_: S3 can be easily integrated with Amazon CloudFront, a content delivery network (CDN), to distribute large files, like videos or software packages, quickly and efficiently.\n    \n*   _Static Website Hosting_: You can host an entire static website on Amazon S3 by simply enabling the website hosting feature on your bucket and uploading the static files.\n    \n\nIn summary, Amazon S3 is an essential component of the AWS ecosystem that offers a reliable, scalable, and secure storage solution for businesses and applications of all sizes. By leveraging its powerful features and integrations, you can implement a robust cybersecurity strategy for your cloud storage needs.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "9OastXVfiG1YRMm68ecnn": {
+    "title": "Dropbox",
+    "description": "Dropbox is a widely used cloud storage service that allows you to store, access, and share files, documents, and media with ease across various devices. Launched in 2007, Dropbox has become one of the most popular cloud storage solutions, catering to both individual users and businesses. The service is available on multiple platforms, including Windows, macOS, Linux, iOS, and Android.\n\nKey features\n------------\n\n*   **File synchronization**: Sync the same files across all your devices and have instant access to updated files from anywhere.\n*   **File sharing**: Easily share files or folders by sending a link or inviting other users to a shared folder.\n*   **Collaboration**: Dropbox allows real-time collaboration on documents with multiple users using integrations with other tools like Google Workspace and Microsoft Office 365.\n*   **Version history**: Retrieve previous versions of a file for up to 30 days, allowing you to recover deleted files or reverse changes.\n\nPlans and pricing\n-----------------\n\nDropbox offers various plans for individual users and businesses with different storage capacities and features:\n\n*   **Basic**: Free plan with 2 GB storage and core features like file synchronization and sharing.\n*   **Plus**: Priced at $9.99/month for 2 TB storage, additional features like Smart Sync, remote device wipe, and a longer (30-day) version history.\n*   **Professional**: Priced at $19.99/month for 3 TB storage and added features like advanced sharing controls and full-text search.\n*   **Business plans**: Starting from $12.50/user/month for a minimum of 3 users, with 5 TB storage per user, priority support, and additional file controls.\n\nSecurity and privacy\n--------------------\n\nDropbox takes security and privacy seriously, with features like:\n\n*   **Encryption**: Files are encrypted both when they are stored on Dropbox servers and during transmission (using SSL/TLS).\n*   **Two-factor authentication**: You can enable two-factor authentication (2FA) to add an extra layer of security to your account.\n*   **Selective sync**: Choose which files and folders to sync on each device, allowing you to keep sensitive data off certain computers or devices.\n*   **GDPR compliance**: Dropbox is compliant with the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), which ensures better data protection and privacy for users.\n\nDrawbacks\n---------\n\nThere are a few downsides to using Dropbox as your cloud storage solution:\n\n*   Limited storage on the free plan.\n*   The need for a third-party app to encrypt files before uploading to add an extra layer of security.\n*   Other alternatives offer additional features like built-in document editing.\n\nConclusion\n----------\n\nDropbox is a simple and user-friendly cloud storage service that offers seamless integration with various platforms and efficient file sharing options. While its free plan may be limited compared to other alternatives, the ease of use and robust feature set make it a popular choice for both personal and professional use.",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Dropbox",
+        "url": "https://www.dropbox.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "4Man3Bd-ySLFlAdxbLOHw": {
+    "title": "Box",
+    "description": "[Box](https://www.box.com/) is a popular cloud storage service that provides individuals and businesses with a platform to securely store, share, and access files and documents from any device. Box is known for its emphasis on security and collaboration features, making it an ideal choice for businesses who want a secure way to share and collaborate on files with their teams.\n\nFeatures\n--------\n\n*   **Security:** Box ensures the data stored within their platform is secure by implementing various security measures, such as encryption (in-transit and at-rest), multi-factor authentication, and granular access controls.\n*   **Collaboration:** Users can easily invite collaborators, assign permissions, and share files via secure links within Box. It also features real-time document editing and file version history.\n*   **Integrations:** Box integrates with several other applications and services, such as Microsoft Office 365, Google Workspace, Salesforce, Slack, and more.\n*   **Box Drive:** With Box Drive, users can access and work on their files directly from the desktop, without downloading them locally, making it easy to keep files up-to-date.\n\nPricing\n-------\n\nBox offers a [variety of pricing plans](https://www.box.com/pricing), catering to different user requirements. These include:\n\n*   **Individual Plan:** Free, with limited storage and features.\n*   **Personal Pro Plan:** $10/month, includes 100GB storage, larger file size support, and additional features.\n*   **Business Plans:** Starting at $5/user/month, tailored to meet the needs of small to enterprise-level businesses, with increased storage, advanced security, and much more.\n\nPrivacy & Compliance\n--------------------\n\nBox is compliant with various international privacy laws and regulations, such as GDPR, HIPAA, and FedRAMP. It also undergoes third-party audits and assessments to verify the efficacy of their security measures.\n\nIn conclusion, Box is a highly secure and feature-rich cloud storage service that is specifically designed for businesses and individuals who require advanced security and collaboration functionality.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "MWqnhDKm9jXvDDjkeVNxm": {
+    "title": "OneDrive",
+    "description": "OneDrive is a popular cloud storage service provided by Microsoft. Part of the Microsoft 365 suite, OneDrive offers a seamless and secure solution for storing and accessing your files from any device, anytime, and anywhere. Below, we'll discuss some of its features and why it's important to consider for your cloud storage needs.\n\nFeatures\n--------\n\n*   **Ease of Access**: OneDrive can be accessed through a web browser, or by using its desktop and mobile apps. It comes integrated with Windows 10 and can also be used on Mac, Android, and iOS devices.\n    \n*   **Storage Space**: OneDrive offers 5GB free storage for new users, and additional storage can be purchased through its subscription plans. Microsoft 365 subscribers receive 1TB of OneDrive storage with their plan.\n    \n*   **File Syncing**: OneDrive allows you to sync your files across different devices using the same account. This makes it easier to access your files and work on the same document from different locations.\n    \n*   **Security and Privacy**: Microsoft ensures that your data is encrypted both at rest and in transit. OneDrive also offers security measures such as two-factor authentication and the ability to recover files from the recycle bin.\n    \n*   **Collaboration**: OneDrive is integrated with Microsoft Office. This enables you to collaborate on Word, Excel, and PowerPoint files in real-time, and also view and edit files using Office Online.\n    \n*   **Automatic Backup**: OneDrive offers built-in automatic backup features. It can be configured to backup your files, including documents, pictures, and other files on your computer or device.\n    \n*   **Version History**: OneDrive keeps version history for your files, allowing you to restore previous versions if needed. This is useful, especially when working on collaborative documents, to ensure no work is lost.\n    \n\nImportance\n----------\n\nOneDrive is an excellent cloud storage solution, fitting the needs of individuals and businesses alike. It offers various features, such as syncing across devices, real-time collaboration, and robust security measures. Whether you need a personal or professional cloud storage solution, OneDrive is worth considering for its versatility and integration with Microsoft's suite of productivity tools.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "fTZ4PqH-AMhYA_65w4wFO": {
+    "title": "Google Drive",
+    "description": "Google Drive is a cloud-based storage solution provided by Google, which offers users the ability to store, share, and collaborate on files and documents across different platforms and devices. It is integrated with Google's productivity suite, including Google Docs, Sheets, Slides, and Forms, allowing seamless collaboration with team members in real-time.\n\nKey Features\n------------\n\n*   **Storage Capacity:** Google Drive offers 15 GB of free storage for individual users, with the option to upgrade to additional storage plans with a subscription.\n*   **File Sharing and Collaboration:** You can share files, folders, or your entire drive with others, allowing them to view, edit, or comment on your documents. Collaboration features include real-time editing and support for multiple users.\n*   **Data Security:** Google Drive encrypts data in transit and at rest, ensuring that your files are protected from unauthorized access. Additionally, you can manage user permissions and expiration dates for shared files.\n*   **Version History:** Drive keeps track of changes made to your documents, allowing you to view or revert to previous versions any time.\n*   **Multi-platform Support:** Drive can be accessed through the web, as well as through desktop and mobile apps for Windows, macOS, Android, and iOS devices.\n*   **Integration with Google Workspace:** Google Drive is seamlessly integrated with other Google Workspace applications like Google Docs, Sheets, Slides, and Forms for a fully integrated, cloud-based productivity suite.\n\nTips for Using Google Drive Securely\n------------------------------------\n\n*   **Enable Two-Factor Authentication (2FA):** Implement 2FA on your Google account to add an extra layer of security during login.\n*   **Regularly Review Permissions:** Periodically review file and folder sharing permissions to ensure that access is granted only to necessary parties.\n*   **Be Cautious with External Sharing:** Avoid sharing sensitive information with external users, and consider using expiring links or password protection for sensitive files.\n*   **Employ Strong Passwords:** Utilize unique and complex passwords for your Google account to mitigate the risk of unauthorized access.\n*   **Monitor Activity:** Leverage built-in Google Drive tools to audit user activity and identify potential security threats.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "Wqy6ki13hP5c0VhGYEhHj": {
+    "title": "iCloud",
+    "description": "[iCloud](https://www.icloud.com/) is a cloud storage service offered by Apple Inc. that provides secure and seamless storage, backup, and synchronization of data across all of your Apple devices. It allows you to store documents, photos, music, contacts, calendars, and more, enabling you to access this information from your iPhone, iPad, iPod touch, Mac, or PC.\n\nKey Features\n------------\n\n*   **iCloud Drive**: A secure space in the cloud where you can store your files and access them from any compatible device. You can also share files or entire folders with others.\n*   **Photos**: Automatically stores and organizes all your photos and videos in iCloud. You can access them from any of your devices and even create shared photo albums for specific moments or events.\n*   **Backup**: iCloud automatically backs up your iOS and iPadOS devices daily, ensuring that your data is safe and up-to-date. If you ever need to restore a device, iCloud Backup can help you get your data back quickly and easily.\n*   **Find My**: This feature helps you locate your lost or stolen Apple devices by displaying their location on a map. Additionally, it allows you to remotely lock, erase, or play a sound on your lost device to protect your data.\n*   **iCloud Keychain**: Securely stores and syncs your passwords and credit card information across all your Apple devices. It helps you generate strong passwords and autofill them when needed, making your online experience simple and more secure.\n*   **Family Sharing**: Allows you to share various Apple services, like iCloud storage, Apple Music, and App Store purchases, with up to five family members. It also includes a shared family calendar and photo album.\n\nPricing and Storage Plans\n-------------------------\n\niCloud offers 5 GB of free storage. However, if you need more space, you can choose from the following paid storage plans:\n\n*   50 GB for $0.99 per month\n*   200 GB for $2.99 per month\n*   2 TB for $9.99 per month\n\nPricing may vary based on your location.\n\nTo manage and upgrade your storage plan, go to the Settings app on your iOS or iPadOS device, then tap on your name, and then select iCloud. On a Mac, open System Preferences, click on Apple ID, and then select iCloud.\n\nIn summary, iCloud is a convenient and secure cloud storage solution that allows you to effortlessly store and access your data across all of your Apple devices. With its wide range of features, like iCloud Drive, Photos, Backup, and Find My, iCloud helps you stay connected and protect your valuable information.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "_RnuQ7952N8GWZfPD60sJ": {
+    "title": "Programming Skills",
+    "description": "Programming knowledge is a fundamental skill for professionals in the cybersecurity field, as it enables them to build, assess, and defend computer systems, networks, and applications. Having a strong foundation in programming languages, concepts, and techniques is essential for identifying potential security threats, writing secure code, and implementing robust security measures.\n\nKey Programming Languages\n-------------------------\n\nIt's important to learn multiple programming languages relevant to cybersecurity, as different languages cater to different types of tasks and environments. Here are some of the most widely used programming languages in the cybersecurity field:\n\n*   **Python**: As an easy-to-learn high-level language, Python is commonly used for tasks like automation, scripting, and data analysis. It also contains a plethora of libraries and frameworks for cybersecurity, making it highly valuable for security professionals.\n*   **C/C++**: These two languages are foundational for understanding system and application-level vulnerabilities since most operating systems are written in C and C++. Knowledge of these languages allows cybersecurity experts to analyze source code, identify potential exploits, and create secure software.\n*   **Java**: As a popular and versatile programming language, Java is often used in web applications and enterprise environments. Java knowledge equips cybersecurity professionals to understand and mitigate potential security flaws in Java-based applications.\n*   **JavaScript**: With its ubiquity in modern web browsers, JavaScript is crucial for understanding and protecting against web security vulnerabilities, such as Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) and Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) attacks.\n*   **Ruby**: Ruby has a strong foothold in web application development and is utilized for scripting and automation, just like Python. Familiarity with Ruby may give cybersecurity professionals an edge in certain environments.\n\nConcepts and Techniques\n-----------------------\n\nTo apply programming knowledge effectively in cybersecurity, you should ground yourself in key concepts and techniques, such as:\n\n*   **Cryptography**: Learn about encryption, decryption, encoding, and hashing techniques, as well as fundamental cryptographic algorithms and protocols used to secure data transmission and storage.\n*   **Secure coding practices**: Understand concepts like input validation, output encoding, and error handling, which help prevent security vulnerabilities in programs.\n*   **Reverse engineering**: Master the art of deconstructing software and analyzing it without access to the original source code, which is crucial for dissecting malware, identifying vulnerabilities, and developing security patches.\n*   **Scripting and automation**: Develop skills in writing scripts and automating tasks, as it can save time and enhance efficiency in cybersecurity workflows.\n*   **Data analysis**: Learn to analyze and visualize data relevant to cybersecurity, such as network traffic logs, patterns, and trends, to make informed decisions and implement appropriate defense strategies.\n\nAcquiring programming knowledge in cybersecurity can help you stay on top of the latest threats, develop secure software, and implement effective countermeasures. As you progress in your cybersecurity career, you'll find that your programming skills will continually evolve and your understanding of various languages, concepts, and techniques will expand.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "XiHvGy--OkPFfJeKA6-LP": {
+    "title": "Python",
+    "description": "Python is a versatile, high-level programming language that is widely used in various fields, such as web development, data analysis, artificial intelligence, and cyber security. It is known for its simplicity, readability, and extensive library support, making it a popular choice for beginners as well as experts.\n\nKey Features:\n-------------\n\n*   **Easy to learn and read**: Python features a clean and simple syntax, which makes it easy for beginners to start coding quickly and minimizes the chance of errors.\n*   **Platform independent**: Python can run on any platform, including Windows, Linux, and macOS, making it suitable for cross-platform development.\n*   **Large ecosystem**: Python has a vast ecosystem of libraries and frameworks, including popular ones like Django, Flask, and Scikit-learn, which can help speed up the development process.\n*   **Strong community support**: Python has a large and active community, which provides a wealth of resources, such as tutorials, sample code, and expert assistance when needed.\n\nPython in Cyber Security:\n-------------------------\n\nPython is particularly valuable in the field of cyber security for several reasons:\n\n*   **Scripting and Automation**: Python is excellent for creating scripts and automating tasks, which is useful for managing security tasks such as log analysis, scanning networks, and penetration testing.\n*   **Exploit Development**: Python's readability and simplicity make it suitable for developing exploits and writing proof-of-concept code, essential tasks in cyber security.\n*   **Analysis and Visualization**: With powerful libraries like Pandas, NumPy, and Matplotlib, Python can help security analysts process, analyze, and visualize large data sets, making it easier to identify patterns and detect security threats.\n\nLearning Python:\n----------------\n\nTo start learning Python, here are some useful resources:\n\nRemember, practice is key, and the more you work with Python, the more you'll appreciate its utility in the world of cyber security.",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Python.org",
+        "url": "https://www.python.org/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Real Python",
+        "url": "https://realpython.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Automate the Boring Stuff with Python",
+        "url": "https://automatetheboringstuff.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Python",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/python?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "jehVvdz8BnruKjqHMKu5v": {
+    "title": "Go",
+    "description": "Go, also known as Golang, is an open-source programming language created by Google. Launched in 2009, it was designed to overcome issues present in other languages and offer a more secure, robust, and efficient development experience.\n\nKey Features of Go\n------------------\n\n*   **Performance**: Go is a statically-typed compiled language, which means that it offers greater performance compared to interpreted programming languages like Python or JavaScript.\n*   **Concurrency**: One of the strengths of Go is its support for concurrent programming. It uses goroutines to handle multiple tasks simultaneously and efficiently.\n*   **Simplicity & Readability**: The syntax of Go is straightforward and easy to understand, making it an excellent choice for the development of secure applications.\n*   **Static Typing & Strong Type Safety**: Go enforces static typing, which helps to detect errors at the development stage and minimize security risks.\n*   **Standard Library & Collaboration**: Go has a rich standard library, which provides numerous packages for various tasks, such as cryptography, data handling, and communication protocols.\n\nGo In Cyber Security\n--------------------\n\nGo is increasingly becoming popular in the field of cyber security due to its unique features:\n\n*   **Secure Web Development**: Go offers built-in support for handling sensitive data, secure communication protocols like HTTPS, and secure cryptographic methods, which help in developing secure web applications.\n*   **Network Security**: With its efficient concurrency model, Go is suitable for building network security tools like scanners, proxies, intrusion detection systems, and more.\n*   **Malware Analysis**: Go's performance and ease of use make it suitable for developing tools to detect, analyze, and reverse engineer malware.\n*   **Cryptographic Tools & Utility**: Go's standard library covers a wide range of cryptography methods, making it convenient to build secure tools and utilities.\n*   **Open-Source Software Security**: As an open-source language, Go attracts a large community of developers who collaborate and continuously improve its security features.\n\nGo Resources\n------------\n\nTo get started with Go, consider leveraging the following resources:\n\nAs you learn and incorporate Go into your cyber security toolkit, you will find it to be a versatile and valuable language in building secure, efficient, and reliable tools and applications.",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Golang Courses on Udemy, Coursera, and Pluralsight",
+        "url": "https://www.udemy.com/topic/go/",
+        "type": "course"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Official Go Documentation",
+        "url": "https://golang.org/doc/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Go by Example",
+        "url": "https://gobyexample.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "A Tour of Go",
+        "url": "https://tour.golang.org/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "The Go Programming Language book",
+        "url": "http://www.gopl.io/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Golang",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/golang?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "2SThr6mHpX6rpW-gmsqxG": {
+    "title": "JavaScript",
+    "description": "JavaScript (often abbreviated as JS) is a widely-used, high-level programming language. It is predominantly used for creating and enhancing the interactive elements of web pages, making it an integral part of the web development space. JavaScript was initially known as LiveScript and was created by Brendan Eich in 1995, but it later got renamed to JavaScript.\n\nFeatures of JavaScript:\n-----------------------\n\n*   **Interpreted Language:** JavaScript does not need to be compiled before it is run which makes it easier to find errors in the code.\n*   **Object-Oriented Programming:** JavaScript supports object-oriented programming (OOP) concepts, making it easier for developers to work with complex data structures and code.\n*   **Event-driven:** JavaScript supports event-driven programming, allowing developers to create interactive elements and respond to user actions like clicks and keypress events on the web page.\n*   **Cross-platform Compatibility:** JavaScript can be run on any browser, platform, or operating system, making it a highly versatile language.\n\nJavaScript in Web Development\n-----------------------------\n\nJavaScript is an essential part of web development primarily due to its ability to manipulate and interact with HTML and CSS elements on a web page.\n\nSome common uses for JavaScript in web development:\n\n*   **Form Validation:** Validating user inputs in contact forms, registrations forms, and other user input scenarios.\n*   **Image Sliders and Galleries:** Creating dynamic image sliders and galleries on websites to enhance user experience.\n*   **Interactive Maps:** Integrating interactive maps into websites for display or directions.\n*   **Animation:** Adding animations to elements on a webpage for a more engaging experience.\n\nJavaScript Libraries and Frameworks\n-----------------------------------\n\nJavaScript has many libraries and frameworks to help developers work more efficiently and to attain better results. Some popular libraries and frameworks include:\n\n_jQuery:_ A highly popular JavaScript library that simplifies DOM manipulation, event handling, and animations.\n\n_React:_ Developed by Facebook, it is a JavaScript library for building interactive user interfaces (UI).\n\n_Angular:_ A powerful, Google-developed JavaScript framework used for developing dynamic web applications.\n\n_Vue.js:_ A lightweight, easy-to-learn JavaScript framework for building interactive user interfaces.\n\n_Node.js:_ A JavaScript runtime environment built on Chrome's V8 JavaScript engine, allowing developers to run JavaScript on the server-side.\n\nLearning JavaScript\n-------------------\n\nHere are some resources to sharpen your JavaScript programming skills:\n\nBy mastering JavaScript, you'll be better equipped to build more interactive and dynamic web applications, thus enhancing your overall cyber security skills.",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Mozilla Developer Network (MDN) JavaScript Guide",
+        "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "W3Schools JavaScript Tutorial",
+        "url": "https://www.w3schools.com/js/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Eloquent JavaScript: A Modern Introduction to Programming",
+        "url": "https://eloquentjavascript.net/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about JavaScript",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/javascript?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "8jj9hpe9jQIgCc8Txyw3O": {
+    "title": "C++",
+    "description": "C++ is a widely-used, high-level programming language that evolved from the earlier C programming language. Developed by Bjarne Stroustrup in 1985 at Bell Labs, C++ provides object-oriented features and low-level memory manipulation, making it an essential language for many fields, including game development, high-performance systems, and cybersecurity.\n\nKey Features of C++:\n--------------------\n\nObject-Oriented Programming (OOP)\n---------------------------------\n\nC++ is one of the first programming languages to support Object-Oriented Programming (OOP). It allows code to be modular and reusable through the use of classes and objects.\n\nPerformance\n-----------\n\nC++ provides high performance, as it allows low-level access to memory and fine-grained control over system resources. This makes C++ suitable for performance-critical applications like network security systems and firewalls.\n\nCompatibility\n-------------\n\nC++ is highly compatible with the C programming language, which makes it easier for programmers to transition from C to C++. Many system-level libraries and applications written in C can be easily extended or integrated with C++ code.\n\nStandard Template Library (STL)\n-------------------------------\n\nC++ comes with a rich library called the Standard Template Library (STL). The STL contains efficient templated data structures and algorithms, which can improve development speed and code quality.\n\nImportance of C++ in Cybersecurity\n----------------------------------\n\nC++ is widely used in the development of cybersecurity tools and applications due to its efficiency, low-level access, and compatibility with existing systems. Some reasons for its importance in cybersecurity include:\n\n*   **Developing Security Software:** C++ is commonly used in developing antivirus software, firewalls, intrusion detection systems, and other security tools due to its strong performance capabilities.\n    \n*   **Reverse Engineering and Exploit Development:** Cybersecurity professionals often use C++ to reverse-engineer malware, study their behavior, and develop countermeasures to stop them.\n    \n*   **Vulnerability Analysis:** Since many applications are developed in C++, understanding the language helps cybersecurity professionals assess the code for vulnerabilities and potential exploits.\n    \n*   **Secure Code Development:** Developing secure applications is vital to prevent security breaches. With its powerful features, C++ enables developers to write efficient, maintainable, and secure code.\n    \n\nResources for Learning C++\n--------------------------\n\nTo advance your programming skills in C++ and leverage its power for cybersecurity tasks, consider the following resources:\n\nBy mastering C++, you'll be well-equipped to develop and secure applications, analyze cybersecurity threats, and effectively contribute to the broader cybersecurity community.",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Coursera: C++ For C Programmers",
+        "url": "https://www.coursera.org/specializations/c-plus-plus-programming",
+        "type": "course"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Cplusplus.com",
+        "url": "http://www.cplusplus.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "CPPReference.com",
+        "url": "https://en.cppreference.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "A Tour of C++",
+        "url": "https://www.amazon.com/Tour-C-Depth/dp/0134997832",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about C++",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/c++?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "tao0Bb_JR0Ubl62HO8plp": {
+    "title": "Bash",
+    "description": "Bash (**B**ourne **A**gain **Sh**ell) is a widely-used Unix shell and scripting language that acts as a command-line interface for executing commands and organizing files on your computer. It allows users to interact with the system's operating system by typing text commands, serving as an alternative to the graphical user interface (GUI). Bash, created as a free and improved version of the original Bourne Shell (`sh`), is the default shell in many Unix-based systems, including Linux, macOS, and the Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL).\n\nBash Scripting\n--------------\n\nBash scripting is an essential skill for anyone engaged in cyber security. It allows you to automate simple tasks, monitor system activities, and manage multiple files and directories with ease. With Bash scripts, you can develop tools, automate repetitive tasks, or even develop security testing tools.\n\nKey Features\n------------\n\n*   **Variables**: Variables can store data in the form of strings or numbers, which can be used and manipulated throughout your script.\n    \n*   **Control Structures**: Bash supports loops (`for`, `while`) and conditional statements (`if`, `case`) to build more robust scripts with decision-making capabilities.\n    \n*   **Functions**: Create reusable code blocks that can be called with specified parameters, making your script more modular and easier to maintain.\n    \n*   **User Input**: Bash scripts allow you to interact with the user by accepting input or choosing options.\n    \n*   **File Management**: Create, modify, or analyze files using built-in commands such as `ls`, `cp`, `mkdir`, and `grep`.\n    \n\nLearning Bash\n-------------\n\nAs a cyber security expert, having a strong foundation in Bash can save you time and help you better understand the inner workings of a system. Invest time in learning Bash essentials, such as basic commands, file manipulation, scripting, and processing text data.\n\n*   Basic Commands: Start by learning some of the most commonly used Bash commands: `cd`, `mv`, `cp`, `rm`, `grep`, `find`, `sort`, etc.\n    \n*   File and Directory Management: Explore the use of commands, like `mkdir`, `rmdir`, `touch`, `chmod`, `chown`, and `ln`, to create, modify, and delete files and directories.\n    \n*   Text Processing: Learn to use commands like `cat`, `less`, `head`, `tail`, and `awk` to analyze and manipulate text data.\n    \n*   Scripting: Start by understanding the syntax and structure of Bash scripts, and learn how to create, debug, and execute scripts.\n    \n\nSome resources to begin your journey with Bash are:\n\nBash scripting is a versatile tool in the cybersecurity toolkit, and mastering it will provide you with greater control over the systems you protect.",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "GNU Bash Manual",
+        "url": "https://www.gnu.org/software/bash/manual/bash.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Bash Beginner's Guide",
+        "url": "http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Bash-Beginners-Guide/html/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Bash Academy",
+        "url": "https://www.bash.academy/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Learn Shell",
+        "url": "https://www.learnshell.org/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Bash",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/bash?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "paY9x2VJA98FNGBFGRXp2": {
+    "title": "Power Shell",
+    "description": "PowerShell is a powerful command-line shell and scripting language developed by Microsoft primarily for the purpose of automating tasks and managing system configuration. PowerShell is designed specifically for Windows but has been made available for other platforms as well, such as macOS and Linux.\n\nWhy PowerShell?\n---------------\n\n*   **Automation:** PowerShell scripts allow users to automate tasks, helping to save time and reduce the likelihood of introducing errors during manual processes.\n    \n*   **Command discovery:** PowerShell's built-in `Get-Command` cmdlet allows users to easily find and learn about the commands available to them.\n    \n*   **Consistency:** The consistency of the PowerShell syntax makes it easy to learn and use the scripting language, allowing users to create complex scripts with minimal investment in time and effort.\n    \n*   **Cross-platform compatibility:** PowerShell is now available across various platforms, making it even more valuable to learn and implement in your daily work.\n    \n\nBasic Concepts\n--------------\n\nHere are some essential concepts to understand while working with PowerShell:\n\n*   **Cmdlet:** A cmdlet is a lightweight command that performs a specific action, such as creating a new folder or listing the files in a directory. Cmdlets follow the 'Verb-Noun' syntax (e.g., `Get-Process`, `New-Item`).\n    \n*   **Pipeline:** A pipeline is a method of passing the output of one cmdlet as input to another cmdlet. It's represented using the '|' symbol. (e.g., `Get-Process | Stop-Process`)\n    \n*   **Aliases:** Aliases are alternate names for cmdlets, created to provide a more intuitive, shorthand way to call the original cmdlet (e.g., `ls` is an alias for `Get-ChildItem`).\n    \n*   **Variables:** Variables in PowerShell use the `$` symbol for storing values. (e.g., `$myVariable = \"Hello, World!\"`)\n    \n*   **Operators:** PowerShell supports various operators, such as arithmetic operators, comparison operators, logical operators, etc., for performing calculations, comparisons, and transformations on variables and values.\n    \n*   **Scripting:** PowerShell scripts are saved as `.ps1` files and executed using command line or Integrated Scripting Environment (ISE).\n    \n\nLearning PowerShell\n-------------------\n\nTo get started with PowerShell, begin by learning about the available cmdlets, syntax, and features. Useful resources for learning PowerShell include:\n\nIn conclusion, PowerShell is an essential tool for anyone working with Windows systems and can greatly benefit those in the cybersecurity field. The ability to automate tasks and manage configurations using PowerShell will provide a significant advantage, allowing for more efficient and accurate work.",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Learning PowerShell GitHub Repository",
+        "url": "https://github.com/PowerShell/PowerShell/tree/master/docs/learning-powershell",
+        "type": "opensource"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Microsoft's Official PowerShell Documentation",
+        "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "PowerShell.org",
+        "url": "https://powershell.org/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Stack Overflow",
+        "url": "https://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/powershell",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Reddit's r/PowerShell",
+        "url": "https://www.reddit.com/r/PowerShell/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "Jd9t8e9r29dHRsN40dDOk": {
+    "title": "GTFOBINS",
+    "description": "GTFOBins (GTFOBINS) is a curated list of Unix binaries that can be exploited by attackers to bypass local security restrictions on a misconfigured system. It provides a detailed index of commands and scripts, demonstrating how certain binaries, when used improperly, can enable privilege escalation, file manipulation, and other unauthorized activities, thus serving as a resource for both security professionals to understand potential vulnerabilities and for attackers to identify and exploit weaknesses.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "GTFOBins/GTFOBins.github.io",
+        "url": "https://gtfobins.github.io/",
+        "type": "opensource"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Mastering Privilege Escalation: A Comprehensive Guide on GTFOBins",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gx6CTtWohLQ",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "Rnpx7VkhrBkSQTni6UuTR": {
+    "title": "WADCOMS",
+    "description": "WADcoms (Web Application Dangerous Commands) is a comprehensive database of dangerous web application commands and patterns that can be exploited to compromise web security. It offers a catalog of potentially harmful commands and their contexts, helping security professionals identify and mitigate risks associated with web applications by understanding how these commands can be misused for attacks like SQL injection, cross-site scripting (XSS), and remote code execution (RCE).\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "WADComs/WADComs.github.io",
+        "url": "https://wadcoms.github.io/",
+        "type": "opensource"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "WADComs: Windows/Active Directory Interactive Cheat Sheet",
+        "url": "https://john-woodman.com/research/wadcoms/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/public/roadmap-content/data-analyst.json b/public/roadmap-content/data-analyst.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2227fbdf0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/public/roadmap-content/data-analyst.json
@@ -0,0 +1,1465 @@
+{
+  "3xp2fogAVmwXQhdzhZDWR": {
+    "title": "Introduction",
+    "description": "Data Analysis plays a crucial role in today's data-centric world. It involves the practice of inspecting, cleansing, transforming, and modeling data to extract valuable insights for decision-making. A **Data Analyst** is a professional primarily tasked with collecting, processing, and performing statistical analysis on large datasets. They discover how data can be used to answer questions and solve problems. With the rapid expansion of data in modern firms, the role of a data analyst has been evolving greatly, making them a significant asset in business strategy and decision-making processes.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "yCnn-NfSxIybUQ2iTuUGq": {
+    "title": "What is Data Analytics",
+    "description": "Data Analytics is a core component of a Data Analyst's role. The field involves extracting meaningful insights from raw data to drive decision-making processes. It includes a wide range of techniques and disciplines ranging from the simple data compilation to advanced algorithms and statistical analysis. As a data analyst, you are expected to understand and interpret complex digital data, such as the usage statistics of a website, the sales figures of a company, or client engagement over social media, etc. This knowledge enables data analysts to support businesses in identifying trends, making informed decisions, predicting potential outcomes - hence playing a crucial role in shaping business strategies.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "Lsapbmg-eMIYJAHpV97nO": {
+    "title": "Types of Data Analytics",
+    "description": "Data Analytics has proven to be a critical part of decision-making in modern business ventures. It is responsible for discovering, interpreting, and transforming data into valuable information. Different types of data analytics look at past, present, or predictive views of business operations.\n\nData Analysts, as ambassadors of this domain, employ these types, which are namely Descriptive Analytics, Diagnostic Analytics, Predictive Analytics and Prescriptive Analytics, to answer various questions — What happened? Why did it happen? What could happen? And what should we do next? Understanding these types gives data analysts the power to transform raw datasets into strategic insights.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "hWDh0ooidbqZb000ENVok": {
+    "title": "Descriptive Analytics",
+    "description": "Descriptive Analytics is one of the fundamental types of Data Analytics that provides insight into the past. As a Data Analyst, utilizing Descriptive Analytics involves the technique of using historical data to understand changes that have occurred in a business over time. Primarily concerned with the “what has happened” aspect, it analyzes raw data from the past to draw inferences and identify patterns and trends. This helps companies understand their strengths, weaknesses and pinpoint operational problems, setting the stage for accurate Business Intelligence and decision-making processes.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Descriptive Analytics: What They Are and Related Terms",
+        "url": "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/descriptive-analytics.asp",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What are Descriptive Analytics?",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DlFqQy10aCs",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "j7DA2J3speSaBsZAV4M0v": {
+    "title": "Diagnostic Analytics",
+    "description": "Diagnostic analytics, as a crucial type of data analytics, is focused on studying past performance to understand why something happened. This is an integral part of the work done by data analysts. Through techniques such as drill-down, data discovery, correlations, and cause-effect analysis, data analysts utilizing diagnostic analytics can look beyond general trends and identify the root cause of changes observed in the data. Consequently, this enables businesses to address operational and strategic issues effectively, by allowing them to grasp the reasons behind such issues. For every data analyst, the skill of performing diagnostic data analytics is a must-have asset that enhances their analysis capability.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is Diagnostic Analytics?",
+        "url": "https://amplitude.com/explore/analytics/what-diagnostic-analytics",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is Diagnostic Analytics? | Understanding Data-Driven Decision Making",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ikZjeAC1yJ0",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "3WZORRCwme3HsaKew23Z5": {
+    "title": "Predictive Analytics",
+    "description": "Predictive analysis is a crucial type of data analytics that any competent data analyst should comprehend. It refers to the practice of extracting information from existing data sets in order to determine patterns and forecast future outcomes and trends. Data analysts apply statistical algorithms, machine learning techniques, and artificial intelligence to the data to anticipate future results. Predictive analysis enables organizations to be proactive, forward-thinking, and strategic by providing them valuable insights on future occurrences. It's a powerful tool that gives companies a significant competitive edge by enabling risk management, opportunity identification, and strategic decision-making.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is predictive analytics? - Google",
+        "url": "https://cloud.google.com/learn/what-is-predictive-analytics",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is predictive analytics?",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cVibCHRSxB0",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "DFMR-0MbmVCCrJu0I9JWG": {
+    "title": "Prespective Analytics",
+    "description": "Prescriptive analytics, a crucial type of data analytics, is essential for making data-driven decisions in business and organizational contexts. As a data analyst, the goal of prescriptive analytics is to recommend various actions using predictions on the basis of known parameters to help decision makers understand likely outcomes. Prescriptive analytics employs a blend of techniques and tools such as algorithms, machine learning, computational modelling procedures, and decision-tree structures to enable automated decision making. Therefore, prescriptive analytics not only anticipates what will happen and when it will happen, but also explains why it will happen, contributing to the significance of a data analyst’s role in an organization.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is Prescriptive Analysis?",
+        "url": "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/prescriptive-analytics.asp",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Examples of Prescriptive Analysis",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NOo8Nc9zG20",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "R12sArWVpbIs_PHxBqVaR": {
+    "title": "Key Concepts of Data",
+    "description": "In the realm of data analysis, understanding some key concepts is essential. Data analysis is the process of inspecting, cleansing, transforming, and modeling data to discover useful information and support decision-making. In the broadest sense, data can be classified into various types like nominal, ordinal, interval and ratio, each with a specific role and analysis technique. Higher-dimensional data types like time-series, panel data, and multi-dimensional arrays are also critical. On the other hand, data quality and data management are key concepts to ensure clean and reliable datasets. With an understanding of these fundamental concepts, a data analyst can transform raw data into meaningful insights.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "mDUSpexdq3ITV6qokwSJl": {
+    "title": "Collection",
+    "description": "In the realm of data analysis, the concept of collection holds immense importance. As the term suggests, collection refers to the process of gathering and measuring information on targeted variables in an established systematic fashion that enables a data analyst to answer relevant questions and evaluate outcomes. This step is foundational to any data analysis scheme, as it is the first line of interaction with the raw data that later transforms into viable insights. The effectiveness of data analysis is heavily reliant on the quality and quantity of data collected. Different methodologies and tools are employed for data collection depending on the nature of the data needed, such as surveys, observations, experiments, or scraping online data stores. This process should be carried out with clear objectives and careful consideration to ensure accuracy and relevance in the later stages of analysis and decision-making.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Data Collection Methods",
+        "url": "https://www.questionpro.com/blog/data-collection-methods/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is data collection?",
+        "url": "https://www.simplilearn.com/what-is-data-collection-article",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "nC7tViln4UyQFYP_-fyjB": {
+    "title": "Cleanup",
+    "description": "The Cleanup of Data is a critical component of a Data Analyst's role. It involves the process of inspecting, cleaning, transforming, and modeling data to discover useful information, inform conclusions, and support decision making. This process is crucial for Data Analysts to generate accurate and significant insights from data, ultimately resulting in better and more informed business decisions. A solid understanding of data cleanup procedures and techniques is a fundamental skill for any Data Analyst. Hence, it is necessary to hold a high emphasis on maintaining data quality by managing data integrity, accuracy, and consistency during the data cleanup process.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Top 10 ways to clean your data",
+        "url": "https://support.microsoft.com/en-gb/office/top-ten-ways-to-clean-your-data-2844b620-677c-47a7-ac3e-c2e157d1db19",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Master Data Cleaning Essentials on Excel in Just 10 Minutes",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jxq4-KSB_OA",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "XFnw4_dQYSzm96-srWa7X": {
+    "title": "Exploration",
+    "description": "In the realm of data analytics, exploration of data is a key concept that data analysts leverage to understand and interpret data effectively. Typically, this exploration process involves discerning patterns, identifying anomalies, examining underlying structures, and testing hypothesis, which often gets accomplished via descriptive statistics, visual methods, or sophisticated algorithms. It's a fundamental stepping-stone for any data analyst, ultimately guiding them in shaping the direction of further analysis or modeling. This concept serves as a foundation for dealing with complexities and uncertainties in data, hence improving decision-making in various fields ranging from business and finance to healthcare and social sciences.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is data exploration",
+        "url": "https://www.heavy.ai/learn/data-exploration",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How to do Data Exploration",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OY4eQrekQvs",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "jowh4CFLQiFzKaaElyCuQ": {
+    "title": "Visualisation",
+    "description": "The visualization of data is an essential skill in the toolkit of every data analyst. This practice is about transforming complex raw data into a graphical format that allows for an easier understanding of large data sets, trends, outliers, and important patterns. Whether pie charts, line graphs, bar graphs, or heat maps, data visualization techniques not only streamline data analysis, but also facilitate a more effective communication of the findings to others. This key concept underscores the importance of presenting data in a digestible and visually appealing manner to drive data-informed decision making in an organization.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Data visualisation beginner's guide",
+        "url": "https://www.tableau.com/en-gb/learn/articles/data-visualization",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Data Visualisation in 2024",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=loYuxWSsLNc",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "2pUq-7hu5EjGpowz98YoV": {
+    "title": "Statistical Analysis",
+    "description": "Statistical analysis plays a critical role in the daily functions of a data analyst. It encompasses collecting, examining, interpreting, and present data, enabling data analysts to uncover patterns, trends and relationships, deduce insights and support decision-making in various fields. By applying statistical concepts, data analysts can transform complex data sets into understandable information that organizations can leverage for actionable insights. This cornerstone of data analysis enables analysts to deliver predictive models, trend analysis, and valuable business insights, making it indispensable in the world of data analytics. It is vital for data analysts to grasp such statistical methodologies to effectively decipher large data volumes they handle.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Understanding Statistical Analysis",
+        "url": "https://www.simplilearn.com/what-is-statistical-analysis-article",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Statistical Analysis",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XjMBZE1DuBY",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "U55hwR0HRCIz2cveVR8FZ": {
+    "title": "Machine Learning",
+    "description": "Machine learning, a subset of artificial intelligence, is an indispensable tool in the hands of a data analyst. It provides the ability to automatically learn, improve from experience and make decisions without being explicitly programmed. In the context of a data analyst, machine learning contributes significantly in uncovering hidden insights, recognising patterns or making predictions based on large amounts of data. Through the use of varying algorithms and models, data analysts are able to leverage machine learning to convert raw data into meaningful information, making it a critical concept in data analysis.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is Machine Learning (ML)?",
+        "url": "https://www.ibm.com/topics/machine-learning",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is Machine Learning?",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9gGnTQTYNaE",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "sgXIjVTbwdwdYoaxN3XBM": {
+    "title": "Analaysis / Reporting with Excel",
+    "description": "Excel is a powerful tool utilized by data analysts worldwide to store, manipulate, and analyze data. It offers a vast array of features such as pivot tables, graphs and a powerful suite of formulas and functions to help sift through large sets of data. A data analyst uses Excel to perform a wide range of tasks, from simple data entry and cleaning, to more complex statistical analysis and predictive modeling. Proficiency in Excel is often a key requirement for a data analyst, as its versatility and ubiquity make it an indispensable tool in the field of data analysis.",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "W3Schools - Excel",
+        "url": "https://www.w3schools.com/excel/index.php",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "wME4MSldOWlMB54ekpReS": {
+    "title": "IF",
+    "description": "The IF function in Excel is a crucial tool for data analysts, enabling them to create conditional statements, clean and validate data, perform calculations based on specific conditions, create custom metrics, apply conditional formatting, automate tasks, and generate dynamic reports. Data analysts use IF to categorize data, handle missing values, calculate bonuses or custom metrics, highlight trends, and enhance visualizations, ultimately facilitating informed decision-making through data analysis.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "IF Function",
+        "url": "https://support.microsoft.com/en-gb/office/if-function-69aed7c9-4e8a-4755-a9bc-aa8bbff73be2",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Excel IF Function",
+        "url": "https://exceljet.net/functions/if-function",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "yBlJrNo9eO470dLp6OaQZ": {
+    "title": "DATEDIF",
+    "description": "The `DATEDIF` function is an incredibly valuable tool for a Data Analyst in Excel or Google Sheets, by providing the ability to calculate the difference between two dates. This function takes in three parameters: start date, end date and the type of difference required (measured in years, months, days, etc.). In Data Analysis, particularly when dealing with time-series data or when you need to uncover trends over specific periods, the `DATEDIF` function is a necessary asset. Recognizing its functionality will enable a data analyst to manipulate or shape data progressively and efficiently.\n\n*   `DATEDIF` is technically still supported, but wont show as an option. For additional information, see Excel \"Help\" page.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "DATEDIF function",
+        "url": "https://support.microsoft.com/en-gb/office/datedif-function-25dba1a4-2812-480b-84dd-8b32a451b35c",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "9sIP-jpNjtA1JPCBjTf-H": {
+    "title": "VLOOKUP / HLOOKUP",
+    "description": "Data Analysts often deal with large and complex datasets that require efficient tools for data manipulation and extraction. This is where basic functions like vlookup and hlookup in Excel become extremely useful. These functions are versatile lookup and reference functions that can find specified data in a vast array, providing ease and convenience in data retrieval tasks.\n\nThe Vertical Lookup (vlookup) is used to find data in a table sorted vertically, while the Horizontal Lookup (hlookup) is used on data organized horizontally. Mastering these functions is crucial for any data analyst's toolbox, as they can dramatically speed up data access, reduce errors in data extraction, and simplify the overall process of analysis. In essence, these two functions are not just basic functions; they serve as essential tools for efficient data analysis.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "VLOOKUP Function",
+        "url": "https://support.microsoft.com/en-gb/office/vlookup-function-0bbc8083-26fe-4963-8ab8-93a18ad188a1",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "HLOOKUP Function",
+        "url": "https://support.microsoft.com/en-gb/office/hlookup-function-a3034eec-b719-4ba3-bb65-e1ad662ed95f",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "dke_pySrqYZZ7K3rprnIT": {
+    "title": "REPLACE / SUBSTITUTE",
+    "description": "In Microsoft Excel, the REPLACE and SUBSTITUTE functions are powerful tools used for modifying text data within cells. Both functions serve to alter text but are utilized in different scenarios based on the nature of the changes needed.\n\nThe SUBSTITUTE function is used to replace occurrences of a specified substring with a new substring. It allows for replacing text based on matching characters rather than position, making it ideal for altering specific instances of text within a string.\n\nThe REPLACE function is used to replace part of a text string with another text string, based on its position within the original text. It is particularly useful when you need to replace a specific segment of text with new text, starting at a designated position.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Replace Function",
+        "url": "https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/office/replace-function-6acf209b-01b7-4078-b4b8-e0a4ef67d181",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Substitute Function",
+        "url": "https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/office/substitute-function-6434944e-a904-4336-a9b0-1e58df3bc332",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "YReKRRgE_2dWfGGdBQqbf": {
+    "title": "UPPER / LOWER / PROPER",
+    "description": "In the field of data analysis, the Upper, Lower, and Proper functions serve as fundamental tools for manipulating and transforming text data. A data analyst often works with a vast array of datasets, where the text data may not always adhere to a consistent format. To tackle such issues, the Upper, Lower, and Proper functions are used. 'Upper' converts all the text to uppercase, while 'Lower' does the opposite, transforming all text to lowercase. The 'Proper' function is used to capitalize the first letter of each word, making it proper case. These functions are indispensable when it comes to cleaning and preparing data, a major part of a data analyst's role.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "UPPER Function",
+        "url": "https://support.microsoft.com/en-gb/office/upper-function-c11f29b3-d1a3-4537-8df6-04d0049963d6",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "LOWER Function",
+        "url": "https://support.microsoft.com/en-gb/office/lower-function-3f21df02-a80c-44b2-afaf-81358f9fdeb4",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "PROPER Function",
+        "url": "https://support.microsoft.com/en-gb/office/proper-function-52a5a283-e8b2-49be-8506-b2887b889f94",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "SIiIfcy-jeiRoDlxw385V": {
+    "title": "CONCAT",
+    "description": "The term 'Concat' or ‘Concatenation’ refers to the operation of combining two or more data structures, be it strings, arrays, or datasets, end-to-end in a sequence. In the context of data analysis, a Data Analyst uses concatenation as a basic function to merge or bind data sets along an axis - either vertically or horizontally. This function is commonly used in data wrangling or preprocessing to combine data from multiple sources, handle missing values, and shape data into a form that fits better with analysis tools. An understanding of 'Concat' plays a crucial role in managing the complex, large data sets that data analysts often work with.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "CONCAT Function",
+        "url": "https://support.microsoft.com/en-gb/office/concat-function-9b1a9a3f-94ff-41af-9736-694cbd6b4ca2",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Excel CONCAT Function",
+        "url": "https://www.w3schools.com/excel/excel_concat.php",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "D5Q6o6ydr1j51kB0ASFPE": {
+    "title": "TRIM",
+    "description": "Trim is considered a basic yet vital function within the scope of data analysis. It plays an integral role in preparing and cleansing the dataset, which is key to analytical accuracy. Trim allows data analysts to streamline dataset by removing extra spaces, enhancing the data quality. Furthermore, Trim functions can help in reducing the errors, enhancing the efficiency of data modelling and ensuring reliable data insight generation. Understanding Trim function is thus an essential part of a data analyst's toolbox.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "TRIM Function",
+        "url": "https://corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources/excel/trim-function/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Excel TRIM Function",
+        "url": "https://support.microsoft.com/en-gb/office/trim-function-410388fa-c5df-49c6-b16c-9e5630b479f9",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "FDYunL9KJkR_tHEcUV2iC": {
+    "title": "AVERAGE",
+    "description": "The average, also often referred to as the mean, is one of the most commonly used mathematical calculations in data analysis. It provides a simple, useful measure of a set of data. For a data analyst, understanding how to calculate and interpret averages is fundamental. Basic functions, including the average, are integral components in data analysis that are used to summarize and understand complex data sets. Though conceptually simple, the power of average lies in its utility in a range of analyses - from forecasting models to understanding trends and patterns in the dataset.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "AVERAGE Function",
+        "url": "https://support.microsoft.com/en-gb/office/average-function-047bac88-d466-426c-a32b-8f33eb960cf6",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Excel AVERAGE function",
+        "url": "https://www.w3schools.com/excel/excel_average.php",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "uAdxP1ZkgzcU8JcWjvw6d": {
+    "title": "COUNT",
+    "description": "The Count function in data analysis is one of the most fundamental tasks that a Data Analyst gets to handle. This function is a simple yet powerful tool that aids in understanding the underlying data by providing the count or frequency of occurrences of unique elements in data sets. The relevance of count comes into play in various scenarios – from understanding the popularity of a certain category to analyzing customer activity, and much more. This basic function offers crucial insights into data, making it an essential skill in the toolkit of any data analyst.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "COUNT Function",
+        "url": "https://support.microsoft.com/en-gb/office/count-function-a59cd7fc-b623-4d93-87a4-d23bf411294c",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How to Count Cells in Microsoft Excel (COUNT, COUNTA, COUNTIF, COUNTIFS Functions)",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5RFLncJuMng",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "_FO80Cm2iAD_bThmnsEgp": {
+    "title": "SUM",
+    "description": "Sum is one of the most fundamental operations in data analysis. As a data analyst, the ability to quickly and accurately summarize numerical data is key to draw meaningful insights from large data sets. The operation can be performed using various software and programming languages such as Excel, SQL, Python, R etc., each providing distinct methods to compute sums. Understanding the 'sum' operation is critical for tasks such as trend analysis, forecasting, budgeting, and essentially any operation involving quantitative data.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "SUM Function",
+        "url": "https://support.microsoft.com/en-gb/office/sum-function-043e1c7d-7726-4e80-8f32-07b23e057f89",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How to use the SUM function in excel",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-u-9f3QrdAQ",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "F3-cr5onkWqKKPRdxu8lV": {
+    "title": "MIN / MAX",
+    "description": "Understanding the minimum and maximum values in your dataset is critical in data analysis. These basic functions, often referred to as Min-Max functions, are statistical tools that data analysts use to inspect the distribution of a particular dataset. By identifying the lowest and highest values, data analysts can gain insight into the range of the dataset, identify possible outliers, and understand the data's variability. Beyond their use in descriptive statistics, Min-Max functions also play a vital role in data normalization, shaping the accuracy of predictive models in Machine Learning and AI fields.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "MIN Function",
+        "url": "https://support.microsoft.com/en-gb/office/min-function-61635d12-920f-4ce2-a70f-96f202dcc152",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "MAX Function",
+        "url": "https://support.microsoft.com/en-gb/office/max-function-e0012414-9ac8-4b34-9a47-73e662c08098",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "Vk3JErqxpnPY44iyfkLMl": {
+    "title": "Charting",
+    "description": "Excel serves as a powerful tool for data analysts when it comes to data organization, manipulation, recovery, and visualization. One of the incredible features it offers is 'Charting'. Charting essentially means creating visual representations of data, which aids data analysts to easily understand complex data and showcase compelling stories of data trends, correlations, and statistical analysis. These charts vary from simple bar graphs to more complex 3D surface and stock charts. As a data analyst, mastering charting under Excel substantially enhances data interpretation, making it easier to extract meaningful insights from substantial data sets.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Create a chart from start to finish",
+        "url": "https://support.microsoft.com/en-gb/office/create-a-chart-from-start-to-finish-0baf399e-dd61-4e18-8a73-b3fd5d5680c2",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Excel Charts and Graphs Tutorial",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eHtZrIb0oWY",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "2DDJUFr0AJTVR2Whj8zub": {
+    "title": "Pivot Tables",
+    "description": "Data Analysts recurrently find the need to summarize, investigate, and analyze their data to make meaningful and insightful decisions. One of the most powerful tools to accomplish this in Microsoft Excel is the Pivot Table. Pivot Tables allow analysts to organize and summarize large quantities of data in a concise, tabular format. The strength of pivot tables comes from their ability to manipulate data dynamically, leading to quicker analysis and richer insights. Understanding and employing Pivot Tables efficiently is a fundamental skill for any data analyst, as it directly impacts their ability to derive significant information from raw datasets.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Create a pivot table",
+        "url": "https://support.microsoft.com/en-gb/office/create-a-pivottable-to-analyze-worksheet-data-a9a84538-bfe9-40a9-a8e9-f99134456576",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Pivot tables in excel",
+        "url": "https://www.excel-easy.com/data-analysis/pivot-tables.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How to create a pivot table in excel",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PdJzy956wo4",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "i4VCwFm-wc9cqE73i-BIb": {
+    "title": "Learn SQL",
+    "description": "Structured Query Language, or SQL, is an essential tool for every data analyst. As a domain-specific language used in programming and designed for managing data held in relational database management systems, SQL allows analysts to manipulate and analyse large volumes of data efficiently. Understanding SQL allows a data analyst to extract insights from data stored in databases, conduct complex queries, and create elaborate data reports. SQL is recognized for its effectiveness in data manipulation and its compatibility with other coding languages, making it a fundamental competency in the data analytics field.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "i2uEcaO4bJhcZ5ayRs2CQ": {
+    "title": "Learn a Programming Lang.",
+    "description": "We have two main programming languages when it comes to data analysis: Python and R. Both have extensive libraries to help with decision-making processes in various situations, assisting in manipulating, modeling, and visualizing data. Python is a versatile language, used not only for data analysis but also for web development, automation, artificial intelligence, and more. R, on the other hand, was specifically created for statistical analysis and data visualization, making it an excellent choice for statisticians and researchers. It is known for its advanced visualization capabilities, allowing the creation of highly customizable and sophisticated graphs and plots.\n\nWith potential doubts about which language to choose to advance in a data career, it is ideal to consider your goals and/or the current market needs and choose which language to learn. If you are more interested in a career that combines data analysis with software development, automation, or artificial intelligence, Python may be the best choice. If your focus is purely on statistics and data visualization, R might be more suitable.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "g_EBQizZsIe-vn8ir6FTv": {
+    "title": "R",
+    "description": "R is a powerful language profoundly used by data analysts and statisticians across the globe. Offering a wide array of statistical and graphical techniques, R proves to be an excellent tool for data manipulation, statistical modeling and visualization. With its comprehensive collection of packages and built-in functions for data analysis, R allows data analysts to perform complex exploratory data analysis, build sophisticated models and create stunning visualizations. Moreover, given its open-source nature, R consistently advances with contributions from the worldwide statistical community.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "R Website",
+        "url": "https://www.r-project.org/about.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "R vs Python | Which is Better for Data Analysis?",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1gdKC5O0Pwc",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "M1QtGTLyygIjePoCfvjve": {
+    "title": "Data Manipulation Libraries",
+    "description": "Data manipulation libraries are essential tools in data science and analytics, enabling efficient handling, transformation, and analysis of large datasets. Python, a popular language for data science, offers several powerful libraries for this purpose. Pandas is a highly versatile library that provides data structures like DataFrames, which allow for easy manipulation and analysis of tabular data. NumPy, another fundamental library, offers support for large, multi-dimensional arrays and matrices, along with a collection of mathematical functions to operate on these arrays. Together, Pandas and NumPy form the backbone of data manipulation in Python, facilitating tasks such as data cleaning, merging, reshaping, and statistical analysis, thus streamlining the data preparation process for machine learning and other data-driven applications.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "8OXmF2Gn6TYJotBRvDjqA": {
+    "title": "Pandas",
+    "description": "Pandas is a widely acknowledged and highly useful data manipulation library in the world of data analysis. Known for its robust features like data cleaning, wrangling and analysis, pandas has become one of the go-to tools for data analysts. Built on NumPy, it provides high-performance, easy-to-use data structures and data analysis tools. In essence, its flexibility and versatility make it a critical part of the data analyst's toolkit, as it holds the capability to cater to virtually every data manipulation task.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Pandas Website",
+        "url": "https://pandas.pydata.org/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "NumPy vs Pandas",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KHoEbRH46Zk",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "l1SnPc4EMqGdaIAhIQfrT": {
+    "title": "Data Visualisation Libraries",
+    "description": "Data visualization libraries are crucial in data science for transforming complex datasets into clear and interpretable visual representations, facilitating better understanding and communication of data insights. In Python, several libraries are widely used for this purpose. Matplotlib is a foundational library that offers comprehensive tools for creating static, animated, and interactive plots. Seaborn, built on top of Matplotlib, provides a high-level interface for drawing attractive and informative statistical graphics with minimal code. Plotly is another powerful library that allows for the creation of interactive and dynamic visualizations, which can be easily embedded in web applications. Additionally, libraries like Bokeh and Altair offer capabilities for creating interactive plots and dashboards, enhancing exploratory data analysis and the presentation of data findings. Together, these libraries enable data scientists to effectively visualize trends, patterns, and outliers in their data, making the analysis more accessible and actionable.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "uGkXxdMXUMY-3fQFS1jK8": {
+    "title": "Matplotlib",
+    "description": "Matplotlib is a paramount data visualization library used extensively by data analysts for generating a wide array of plots and graphs. Through Matplotlib, data analysts can convey results clearly and effectively, driving insights from complex data sets. It offers a hierarchical environment which is very natural for a data scientist to work with. Providing an object-oriented API, it allows for extensive customization and integration into larger applications. From histograms, bar charts, scatter plots to 3D graphs, the versatility of Matplotlib assists data analysts in the better comprehension and compelling representation of data.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Matplotlib Website",
+        "url": "https://matplotlib.org/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Learn Matplotlib in 6 minutes",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nzKy9GY12yo",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "y__UHXe2DD-IB7bvMF1-X": {
+    "title": "Dplyr",
+    "description": "Dplyr is a powerful and popular toolkit for data manipulation in R. As a data analyst, this library provides integral functions to manipulate, clean, and process data efficiently. It has been designed to be easy and intuitive, ensuring a robust and consistent syntax. Dplyr ensures data reliability and fast processing, essential for analysts dealing with large datasets. With a strong focus on efficiency, dplyr functions like select, filter, arrange, mutate, summarise, and group\\_by optimise data analysis operations, making data manipulation a smoother and hassle-free procedure for data analysts.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "dplyr website",
+        "url": "https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Dplyr Essentials",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gvhkp-Yw65U",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "E0hIgQEeZlEidr4HtUFrL": {
+    "title": "Ggplot2",
+    "description": "When it comes to data visualization in R programming, ggplot2 stands tall as one of the primary tools for data analysts. This data visualization library, which forms part of the tidyverse suite of packages, facilitates the creation of complex and sophisticated visual narratives. With its grammar of graphics philosophy, ggplot2 enables analysts to build graphs and charts layer by layer, thereby offering detailed control over graphical features and design. Its versatility in creating tailored and aesthetically pleasing graphics is a vital asset for any data analyst tackling exploratory data analysis, reporting, or dashboard building.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Make beautiful graphs in R",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qnw1xDnt_Ec",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "_sjXCLHHTbZromJYn6fnu": {
+    "title": "Data Collection",
+    "description": "In the context of the Data Analyst role, data collection is a foundational process that entails gathering relevant data from various sources. This data can be quantitative or qualitative and may be sourced from databases, online platforms, customer feedback, among others. The gathered information is then cleaned, processed, and interpreted to extract meaningful insights. A data analyst performs this whole process carefully, as the quality of data is paramount to ensuring accurate analysis, which in turn informs business decisions and strategies. This highlights the importance of an excellent understanding, proper tools, and precise techniques when it comes to data collection in data analysis.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "tYPeLCxbqvMFlTkCGjdHg": {
+    "title": "Databases",
+    "description": "Behind every strong data analyst, there's not just a rich assortment of data, but a set of robust databases that enable effective data collection. Databases are a fundamental aspect of data collection in a world where the capability to manage, organize, and evaluate large volumes of data is critical. As a data analyst, the understanding and use of databases is instrumental in capturing the necessary data for conducting qualitative and quantitative analysis, forecasting trends and making data-driven decisions. Thorough knowledge of databases, therefore, can be considered a key component of a data analyst's arsenal. These databases can vary from relational databases like SQL to NoSQL databases like MongoDB, each serving a unique role in the data collection process.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "PostgreSQL Roadmap",
+        "url": "https://roadmap.sh/postgresql-dba",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "MongoDB Roadmap",
+        "url": "https://roadmap.sh/mongodb",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "iWOK0mRY-hAGxMnHYJ0tt": {
+    "title": "CSV Files",
+    "description": "CSV or Comma Separated Values files play an integral role in data collection for data analysts. These file types allow the efficient storage of data and are commonly generated by spreadsheet software like Microsoft Excel or Google Sheets, but their simplicity makes them compatible with a variety of applications that deal with data. In the context of data analysis, CSV files are extensively used to import and export large datasets, making them essential for any data analyst's toolkit. They allow analysts to organize vast amounts of information into a structured format, which is fundamental in extracting useful insights from raw data.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is a CSV file: A comprehensive guide",
+        "url": "https://flatfile.com/blog/what-is-a-csv-file-guide-to-uses-and-benefits/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Understanding CSV Files",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UofTplCVkYI",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "4DFcXSSHxg5wv0uXLIRij": {
+    "title": "APIs",
+    "description": "Application Programming Interfaces, better known as APIs, play a fundamental role in the work of data analysts, particularly in the process of data collection. APIs are sets of protocols, routines, and tools that enable different software applications to communicate with each other. In data analysis, APIs are used extensively to collect, exchange, and manipulate data from different sources in a secure and efficient manner. This data collection process is paramount in shaping the insights derived by the analysts.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is an API?",
+        "url": "https://aws.amazon.com/what-is/api/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "A beginners guide to APIs",
+        "url": "https://www.postman.com/what-is-an-api/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "qQ64ZhSlbbWu9pP8KTE67": {
+    "title": "Web Scraping",
+    "description": "Web scraping plays a significant role in collecting unique datasets for data analysis. In the realm of a data analyst's tasks, web scraping refers to the method of extracting information from websites and converting it into a structured usable format like a CSV, Excel spreadsheet, or even into databases. This technique allows data analysts to gather large sets of data from the internet, which otherwise could be time-consuming if done manually. The capability of web scraping and parsing data effectively can give data analysts a competitive edge in their data analysis process, from unlocking in-depth, insightful information to making data-driven decisions.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is web scraping what is it used for?",
+        "url": "https://www.parsehub.com/blog/what-is-web-scraping/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is web scraping?",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dlj_QL-ENJM",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "E6cpb6kvluJM8OGuDcFBT": {
+    "title": "Data Cleanup",
+    "description": "Data cleaning, which is often referred as data cleansing or data scrubbing, is one of the most important and initial steps in the data analysis process. As a data analyst, the bulk of your work often revolves around understanding, cleaning, and standardizing raw data before analysis. Data cleaning involves identifying, correcting or removing any errors or inconsistencies in datasets in order to improve their quality. The process is crucial because it directly determines the accuracy of the insights you generate - garbage in, garbage out. Even the most sophisticated models and visualizations would not be of much use if they're based on dirty data. Therefore, mastering data cleaning techniques is essential for any data analyst.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "X9WmfHOks82BIAzs6abqO": {
+    "title": "Handling Missing Data",
+    "description": "When working with real-world data as a Data Analyst, encountering missing or null values is quite prevalent. This phenomenon is referred to as \"Missing Data\" in the field of data analysis. Missing data can severely impact the results of a data analysis process since it reduces the statistical power, which can distort the reliability and robustness of outcomes.\n\nMissing data is a part of the 'Data Cleaning' step which is a crucial part of the Preprocessing in Data Analytics. It involves identifying incomplete, incorrect or irrelevant data and then replacing, modifying or deleting this dirty data. Successful data cleaning of missing values can significantly augment the overall quality of the data, therefore offering valuable and reliable insights. It is essential for a Data Analyst to understand the different techniques for dealing with missing data, such as different types of imputations based on the nature of the data and research question.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "How to Handle Missing Data Values While Data Cleaning",
+        "url": "https://insightsoftware.com/blog/how-to-handle-missing-data-values-while-data-cleaning/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Handling Missing Data in Data Preprocessing and Cleaning",
+        "url": "https://medium.com/@yennhi95zz/handling-missing-data-in-data-preprocessing-and-cleaning-methods-and-examples-19a893336b2a",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "Xltm7B-8TZ1-igLjVJXoR": {
+    "title": "Removing Duplicates",
+    "description": "In the world of data analysis, a critical step is data cleaning, that includes an important sub-task: removing duplicate entries. Duplicate data can distort the results of data analysis by giving extra weight to duplicate instances and leading to biased or incorrect conclusions. Despite the quality of data collection, there's a high probability that datasets may contain duplicate records due to various factors like human error, merging datasets, etc. Therefore, data analysts must master the skill of identifying and removing duplicates to ensure that their analysis is based on a unique, accurate, and diverse set of data. This process contributes to more accurate predictions and inferences, thus maximizing the insights gained from the data.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Handling Duplicate Values and Outliers in a dataset",
+        "url": "https://medium.com/@ayushmandurgapal/handling-duplicate-values-and-outliers-in-a-dataset-b00ce130818e",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How To Remove Duplicates in a Dataset and Find Unique Values",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KBzYrvjUsps",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "-rQ8h_6NFxEOhxXgo7LHo": {
+    "title": "Finding Outliers",
+    "description": "In the field of data analysis, data cleaning is an essential and preliminary step. This process involves correcting or removing any errors, inaccuracy, or irrelevance present in the obtained raw data, making it more suitable for analysis. One crucial aspect of this process is \"finding outliers\". Outliers are unusual or surprising data points that deviate significantly from the rest of the data. While they may be the result of mere variability or error, they will often pull the aggregate data towards them, skewing the results and impeding the accuracy of data analysis. Therefore, identifying and appropriately handling these outliers is crucial to ensure the reliability of subsequent data analysis tasks.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Outliers",
+        "url": "%5Bhttps://www.mathsisfun.com/data/outliers.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "t_BRtEharsrOZxoyX0OzV": {
+    "title": "Data Transformation",
+    "description": "Data Transformation, also known as Data Wrangling, is an essential part of a Data Analyst's role. This process involves the conversion of data from a raw format into another format to make it more appropriate and valuable for a variety of downstream purposes such as analytics. Data Analysts transform data to make the data more suitable for analysis, ensure accuracy, and to improve data quality. The right transformation techniques can give the data a structure, multiply its value, and enhance the accuracy of the analytics performed by serving meaningful results.",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Data Analysis",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/data-analysis?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "TucngXKNptbeo3PtdJHX8": {
+    "title": "Pandas",
+    "description": "In the realms of data analysis, data cleaning is a crucial preliminary process, this is where `pandas` - a popular python library - shines. Primarily used for data manipulation and analysis, pandas adopts a flexible and powerful data structure (DataFrames and Series) that greatly simplifies the process of cleaning raw, messy datasets. Data analysts often work with large volumes of data, some of which may contain missing or inconsistent data that can negatively impact the results of their analysis. By utilizing pandas, data analysts can quickly identify, manage and fill these missing values, drop unnecessary columns, rename column headings, filter specific data, apply functions for more complex data transformations and much more. Thus, making pandas an invaluable tool for effective data cleaning in data analysis.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Pandas Website",
+        "url": "https://pandas.pydata.org/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "NumPy vs Pandas",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KHoEbRH46Zk",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "v8TfY-b4W5ygOv7r-syHq": {
+    "title": "Dplyr",
+    "description": "Data cleaning plays a crucial role in the data analysis pipeline, where it rectifies and enhances the quality of data to increase the efficiency and authenticity of the analytical process. The `dplyr` package, an integral part of the `tidyverse` suite in R, has become a staple in the toolkit of data analysts dealing with data cleaning. `dplyr` offers a coherent set of verbs that significantly simplifies the process of manipulating data structures, such as dataframes and databases. This involves selecting, sorting, filtering, creating or modifying variables, and aggregating records, among other operations. Incorporating `dplyr` into the data cleaning phase enables data analysts to perform operations more effectively, improve code readability, and handle large and complex data with ease.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "dplyr website",
+        "url": "https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Dplyr Essentials",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gvhkp-Yw65U",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "il6KQXVPGBza5libN38ib": {
+    "title": "Descriptive Analysis",
+    "description": "In the realm of data analytics, descriptive analysis plays an imperative role as a fundamental step in data interpretation. Essentially, descriptive analysis encompasses the process of summarizing, organizing, and simplifying complex data into understandable and interpretable forms. This method entails the use of various statistical tools to depict patterns, correlations, and trends in a data set. For data analysts, it serves as the cornerstone for in-depth data exploration, providing the groundwork upon which further analysis techniques such as predictive and prescriptive analysis are built.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Descriptive Analytics: What They Are and Related Terms",
+        "url": "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/descriptive-analytics.asp",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What are Descriptive Analytics?",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DlFqQy10aCs",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "2ldO-_ZnIg364Eo8Jyfgr": {
+    "title": "Dispersion",
+    "description": "Dispersion in descriptive analysis, specifically for a data analyst, offers a crucial way to understand the variability or spread in a set of data. Descriptive analysis focus on describing and summarizing data to find patterns, relationships, or trends. Distinct measures of dispersion such as range, variance, standard deviation, and interquartile range gives data analysts insight into how spread out data points are, and how reliable any patterns detected may be. This understanding of dispersion helps data analysts in identifying outliers, drawing meaningful conclusions, and making informed predictions.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Standard Deviation and Variance",
+        "url": "https://www.mathsisfun.com/data/standard-deviation.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "Fyqg3MRcwY7g-Q3gjiqwK": {
+    "title": "Distribution Space",
+    "description": "In the realm of Data Analysis, the distribution shape is considered as an essential component under descriptive analysis. A data analyst uses the shape of the distribution to understand the spread and trend of the data set. It aids in identifying the skewness (asymmetry) and kurtosis (the 'tailedness') of the data and helps to reveal meaningful patterns that standard statistical measures like mean or median might not capture. The distribution shape can provide insights into data’s normality and variability, informing decisions about which statistical methods are appropriate for further analysis.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Shapes of distributions",
+        "url": "https://online.stat.psu.edu/stat414/lesson/13/13.5",
+        "type": "course"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Shapes of Distributions: Definitions, Examples",
+        "url": "https://www.statisticshowto.com/shapes-of-distributions/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "923KGEUG9ofBm7dYkkrxz": {
+    "title": "Mean",
+    "description": "Central tendency refers to the statistical measure that identifies a single value as representative of an entire distribution. The mean or average is one of the most popular and widely used measures of central tendency. For a data analyst, calculating the mean is a routine task. This single value provides an analyst with a quick snapshot of the data and could be useful for further data manipulation or statistical analysis. Mean is particularly helpful in predicting trends and patterns within voluminous data sets or adjusting influencing factors that may distort the 'true' representation of the data. It is the arithmetic average of a range of values or quantities, computed as the total sum of all the values divided by the total number of values.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Measures of Central Tendency",
+        "url": "https://statistics.laerd.com/statistical-guides/measures-central-tendency-mean-mode-median.php",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Central Tendency | Understanding the Mean, Median & Mode",
+        "url": "https://www.scribbr.co.uk/stats/measures-of-central-tendency/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "qdXoikVh2xkJkOQNKcyvb": {
+    "title": "Median",
+    "description": "Median signifies the middle value in a data set when arranged in ascending or descending order. As a data analyst, understanding, calculating, and interpreting the median is crucial. It is especially helpful when dealing with outliers in a dataset as the median is less sensitive to extreme values. Thus, providing a more realistic 'central' value for skewed distributions. This measure is a reliable reflection of the dataset and is widely used in fields like real estate, economics, and finance for data interpretation and decision-making.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "How to find the median value",
+        "url": "https://www.mathsisfun.com/median.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Median: What It Is and How to Calculate It",
+        "url": "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/median.asp",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "fY8zVG2tVbmtx5OhY7hj-": {
+    "title": "Mode",
+    "description": "The concept of central tendency is fundamental in statistics and has numerous applications in data analysis. From a data analyst's perspective, the central tendencies like mean, median, and mode can be highly informative about the nature of data. Among these, the \"Mode\" is often underappreciated, yet it plays an essential role in interpreting datasets.\n\nThe mode, in essence, represents the most frequently occurring value in a dataset. While it may appear simplistic, the mode's ability to identify the most common value can be instrumental in a wide range of scenarios, like market research, customer behavior analysis, or trend identification. For instance, a data analyst can use the mode to determine the most popular product in a sales dataset or identify the most commonly reported bug in a software bug log.\n\nBeyond these, utilizing the mode along with the other measures of central tendency (mean and median) can provide a more rounded view of your data. This approach personifies the diversity that's often required in data analytic strategies to account for different data distributions and outliers. The mode, therefore, forms an integral part of the data analyst's toolkit for statistical data interpretation.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Mode: What is it and how to calculate it",
+        "url": "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/mode.asp",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Mean Median Mode Formula",
+        "url": "https://www.cuemath.com/mean-median-mode-formula/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "yn1sstYMO9du3rpfQqNs9": {
+    "title": "Average",
+    "description": "When focusing on data analysis, understanding key statistical concepts is crucial. Amongst these, central tendency is a foundational element. Central Tendency refers to the measure that determines the center of a distribution. The average is a commonly used statistical tool by which data analysts discern trends and patterns. As one of the most recognized forms of central tendency, figuring out the \"average\" involves summing all values in a data set and dividing by the number of values. This provides analysts with a 'typical' value, around which the remaining data tends to cluster, facilitating better decision-making based on existing data.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "tSxtyJhL5wjU0XJcjsJmm": {
+    "title": "Range",
+    "description": "The concept of Range refers to the spread of a dataset, primarily in the realm of statistics and data analysis. This measure is crucial for a data analyst as it provides an understanding of the variability amongst the numbers within a dataset. Specifically in a role such as Data Analyst, understanding the range and dispersion aids in making more precise analyses and predictions. Understanding the dispersion within a range can highlight anomalies, identify standard norms, and form the foundation for statistical conclusions like the standard deviation, variance, and interquartile range. It allows for the comprehension of the reliability and stability of particular datasets, which can help guide strategic decisions in many industries. Therefore, range is a key concept that every data analyst must master.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "How to find the range of a data set",
+        "url": "https://www.scribbr.co.uk/stats/range-statistics/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "ict4JkoVM-AzPbp9bDztg": {
+    "title": "Variance",
+    "description": "Data analysts heavily rely on statistical concepts to analyze and interpret data, and one such fundamental concept is variance. Variance, an essential measure of dispersion, quantifies the spread of data, providing insight into the level of variability within the dataset. Understanding variance is crucial for data analysts as the reliability of many statistical models depends on the assumption of constant variance across observations. In other words, it helps analysts determine how much data points diverge from the expected value or mean, which can be pivotal in identifying outliers, understanding data distribution, and driving decision-making processes. However, variance can't be interpreted in the original units of measurement due to its squared nature, which is why it is often used in conjunction with its square root, the standard deviation.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "",
+        "url": "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/v/variance.asp",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "https://www.scribbr.co.uk/stats/variance-meaning/",
+        "url": "https://www.scribbr.co.uk/stats/variance-meaning/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "MXIP8ekH4YtczODKM_G_l": {
+    "title": "Standard Deviation",
+    "description": "In the realm of data analysis, the concept of dispersion plays a critical role in understanding and interpreting data. One of the key measures of dispersion is the Standard Deviation. As a data analyst, understanding the standard deviation is crucial as it gives insight into how much variation or dispersion exists from the average (mean), or expected value. A low standard deviation indicates that the data points are generally close to the mean, while a high standard deviation implies that the data points are spread out over a wider range. By mastering the concept of standard deviation and other statistical tools related to dispersion, data analysts are better equipped to provide meaningful analyses and insights from the available data.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Standard Deviation Formula and Uses vs. Variance",
+        "url": "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/standarddeviation.asp",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Standard Deviation",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=esskJJF8pCc",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "VfcCRRqwLxkYpIX0ZKNNX": {
+    "title": "Skewness",
+    "description": "Skewness is a crucial statistical concept driven by data analysis and is a significant parameter in understanding the distribution shape of a dataset. In essence, skewness provides a measure to define the extent and direction of asymmetry in data. A positive skewness indicates a distribution with an asymmetric tail extending towards more positive values, while a negative skew indicates a distribution with an asymmetric tail extending towards more negative values. For a data analyst, recognizing and analyzing skewness is essential as it can greatly influence model selection, prediction accuracy, and interpretation of results.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Skewed Data",
+        "url": "https://www.mathsisfun.com/data/skewness.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "PqGO8AU1zE2ZdtqrIrOkZ": {
+    "title": "Kurtosis",
+    "description": "Understanding distribution shapes is an integral part of a Data Analyst's daily responsibilities. When they inspect statistical data, one key feature they consider is the kurtosis of the distribution. In statistics, kurtosis identifies the heaviness of the distribution tails and the sharpness of the peak. A proper understanding of kurtosis can assist Analysts in risk management, outlier detection, and provides deeper insight into variations. Therefore, being proficient in interpreting kurtosis measurements of a distribution shape is a significant skill that every data analyst should master.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Kurtosis: Definition, Types, and Importance",
+        "url": "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/k/kurtosis.asp",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "BJTVa4ur_bJB7mMtD2-hQ": {
+    "title": "Central Tendency",
+    "description": "Descriptive analysis is a significant branch in the field of data analytics, and under this, the concept of Central Tendency plays a vital role. As data analysts, understanding central tendency is of paramount importance as it offers a quick summary of the data. It provides information about the center point around which the numerical data is distributed. The three major types of the central tendency include the Mean, Median, and Mode. These measures are used by data analysts to identify trends, make comparisons, or draw conclusions. Therefore, an understanding of central tendency equips data analysts with essential tools for interpreting and making sense of statistical data.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Measures of central tendency",
+        "url": "https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/understanding-statistics/statistical-terms-and-concepts/measures-central-tendency",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Understanding Central Tendency",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n_sSVhHBdj4",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "Sz2Y8HLbSmDjSKAJztDql": {
+    "title": "Tableau",
+    "description": "Tableau is a powerful data visualization tool utilized extensively by data analysts worldwide. Its primary role is to transform raw, unprocessed data into an understandable format without any technical skills or coding. Data analysts use Tableau to create data visualizations, reports, and dashboards that help businesses make more informed, data-driven decisions. They also use it to perform tasks like trend analysis, pattern identification, and forecasts, all within a user-friendly interface. Moreover, Tableau's data visualization capabilities make it easier for stakeholders to understand complex data and act on insights quickly.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Tableau Website",
+        "url": "https://www.tableau.com/en-gb",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is Tableau?",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NLCzpPRCc7U",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "SJLeose5vZU8w_18C8_t0": {
+    "title": "Power BI",
+    "description": "PowerBI, an interactive data visualization and business analytics tool developed by Microsoft, plays a crucial role in the field of a data analyst's work. It helps data analysts to convert raw data into meaningful insights through it's easy-to-use dashboards and reports function. This tool provides a unified view of business data, allowing analysts to track and visualize key performance metrics and make better-informed business decisions. With PowerBI, data analysts also have the ability to manipulate and produce visualizations of large data sets that can be shared across an organization, making complex statistical information more digestible.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Power BI Website",
+        "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/power-platform/products/power-bi",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Power BI for beginners",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NNSHu0rkew8",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "tvDdXwaRPsUSTqJGaLS3P": {
+    "title": "Matplotlib",
+    "description": "For a Data Analyst, understanding data and being able to represent it in a visually insightful form is a crucial part of effective decision-making in any organization. Matplotlib, a plotting library for the Python programming language, is an extremely useful tool for this purpose. It presents a versatile framework for generating line plots, scatter plots, histogram, bar charts and much more in a very straightforward manner. This library also allows for comprehensive customizations, offering a high level of control over the look and feel of the graphics it produces, which ultimately enhances the quality of data interpretation and communication.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "-cJb8gEBvdVFf7FlgG3Ud": {
+    "title": "Seaborn",
+    "description": "Seaborn is a robust, comprehensive Python library focused on the creation of informative and attractive statistical graphics. As a data analyst, seaborn plays an essential role in elaborating complex visual stories with the data. It aids in understanding the data by providing an interface for drawing attractive and informative statistical graphics. Seaborn is built on top of Python's core visualization library Matplotlib, and is integrated with data structures from Pandas. This makes seaborn an integral tool for data visualization in the data analyst's toolkit, making the exploration and understanding of data easier and more intuitive.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Seaborn Website",
+        "url": "https://seaborn.pydata.org/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Seaborn Tutorial : Seaborn Full Course",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6GUZXDef2U0",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "n3M49lgNPn28hm7kzki-a": {
+    "title": "ggplot2",
+    "description": "ggplot2 is an important and powerful tool in the data analyst's toolkit, especially for visualizing and understanding complex datasets. Built within the R programming language, it provides a flexible, cohesive environment for creating graphs. The main strength of ggplot2 lies in its ability to produce sophisticated and tailored visualizations. This allows data analysts to communicate data-driven findings in an efficient and effective manner, enabling clear communication to stakeholders about relevant insights and patterns identified within the data.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "EVk1H-QLtTlpG7lVEenDt": {
+    "title": "Bar Charts",
+    "description": "As a vital tool in the data analyst's arsenal, bar charts are essential for analyzing and interpreting complex data. Bar charts, otherwise known as bar graphs, are frequently used graphical displays for dealing with categorical data groups or discrete variables. With their stark visual contrast and definitive measurements, they provide a simple yet effective means of identifying trends, understanding data distribution, and making data-driven decisions. By analyzing the lengths or heights of different bars, data analysts can effectively compare categories or variables against each other and derive meaningful insights effectively. Simplicity, readability, and easy interpretation are key features that make bar charts a favorite in the world of data analytics.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "A complete guide to bar charts",
+        "url": "https://www.atlassian.com/data/charts/bar-chart-complete-guide",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is a bar chart?",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WTVdncVCvKo",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "v9T0DX56jFNhUz9nzubzS": {
+    "title": "Line Chart",
+    "description": "Data visualization is a crucial skill for every Data Analyst and the Line Chart is one of the most commonly used chart types in this field. Line charts act as powerful tools for summarizing and interpreting complex datasets. Through attractive and interactive design, these charts allow for clear and efficient communication of patterns, trends, and outliers in the data. This makes them valuable for data analysts when presenting data spanning over a period of time, forecasting trends or demonstrating relationships between different data sets.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Line Graph: Definition, Types, Parts, Uses, and Examples",
+        "url": "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/l/line-graph.asp",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is a line graph?",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rw-MxkzymEw",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "A5YQv7D4qRcskdZ64XldH": {
+    "title": "Scatter Plot",
+    "description": "A scatter plot, a crucial aspect of data visualization, is a mathematical diagram using Cartesian coordinates to represent values from two different variables. As a data analyst, understanding and interpreting scatter plots can be instrumental in identifying correlations and trends within a dataset, drawing meaningful insights, and showcasing these findings in a clear, visual manner. In addition, scatter plots are paramount in predictive analytics as they reveal patterns which can be used to predict future occurrences.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Mastering scatter plots",
+        "url": "https://www.atlassian.com/data/charts/what-is-a-scatter-plot",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Scatter Graphs: What are they and how to plot them",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vyg9qmBsgAc",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "muFy-C2agCX9vR_NU7UZF": {
+    "title": "Funnel Charts",
+    "description": "A funnel chart is an important tool for Data Analysts. It is a part of data visualization, the creation and study of the visual representation of data. A funnel chart displays values as progressively diminishing amounts, allowing data analysts to understand the stages that contribute to the output of a process or system. It is often used in sales, marketing or any field that involves a multi-step process, to evaluate efficiency or identify potential problem areas. The 'funnel' shape is symbolic of a typical customer conversion process, going from initial engagement to close of sale. As Data Analysts, understanding and interpreting funnel charts can provide significant insights to drive optimal decision making.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is a Funnel Chart?",
+        "url": "https://www.atlassian.com/data/charts/funnel-chart-complete-guide",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explain your data with a funnel chart",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AwFB9Qg96Ek",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "FEyBFZLaGJqTC-IUEcOVS": {
+    "title": "Histograms",
+    "description": "As a Data Analyst, understanding and representing complex data in a simplified and comprehensible form is of paramount importance. This is where the concept of data visualization comes into play, specifically the use of histograms. A histogram is a graphical representation that organizes a group of data points into a specified range. It provides an visual interpretation of numerical data by indicating the number of data points that fall within a specified range of values, known as bins. This highly effective tool allows data analysts to view data distribution over a continuous interval or a certain time period, which can further aid in identifying trends, outliers, patterns, or anomalies present in the data. Consequently, histograms are instrumental in making informed business decisions based on these data interpretations.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "How a histogram works to display data",
+        "url": "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/h/histogram.asp",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is a histogram",
+        "url": "https://www.mathsisfun.com/data/histograms.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "329BrtmXjXNLfi1SFfdeo": {
+    "title": "Stacked Charts",
+    "description": "A stacked chart is an essential tool for a data analyst in the field of data visualization. This type of chart presents quantitative data in a visually appealing manner and allows users to easily compare different categories while still being able to compare the total sizes. These charts are highly effective when trying to measure part-to-whole relationships, displaying accumulated totals over time or when presenting data with multiple variables. Data analysts often use stacked charts to detect patterns, trends and anomalies which can aid in strategic decision making.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is a stacked chart?",
+        "url": "https://www.spotfire.com/glossary/what-is-a-stacked-chart",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "A Complete Guide to Stacked Bar Charts",
+        "url": "https://www.atlassian.com/data/charts/stacked-bar-chart-complete-guide",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "G8resQXEVEHCaQfDlt3nj": {
+    "title": "Heatmap",
+    "description": "Heatmaps are a crucial component of data visualization that Data Analysts regularly employ in their analyses. As one of many possible graphical representations of data, heatmaps show the correlation or scale of variation between two or more variables in a dataset, making them extremely useful for pattern recognition and outlier detection. Individual values within a matrix are represented in a heatmap as colors, with differing intensities indicating the degree or strength of an occurrence. In short, a Data Analyst would use a heatmap to decode complex multivariate data and turn it into an easily understandable visual that aids in decision making.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "A complete guide to heatmaps",
+        "url": "https://www.hotjar.com/heatmaps/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is a heatmap?",
+        "url": "https://www.atlassian.com/data/charts/heatmap-complete-guide",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "K9xwm_Vpdup9ujYqlD9F3": {
+    "title": "Pie Charts",
+    "description": "As a data analyst, understanding and efficiently using various forms of data visualization is crucial. Among these, Pie Charts represent a significant tool. Essentially, pie charts are circular statistical graphics divided into slices to illustrate numerical proportions. Each slice of the pie corresponds to a particular category. The pie chart's beauty lies in its simplicity and visual appeal, making it an effective way to convey relative proportions or percentages at a glance. For a data analyst, it's particularly useful when you want to show a simple distribution of categorical data. Like any tool, though, it's important to use pie charts wisely—ideally, when your data set has fewer than seven categories, and the proportions between categories are distinct.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "A complete guide to pie charts",
+        "url": "https://www.atlassian.com/data/charts/pie-chart-complete-guide",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is a a pie chart",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GjJdZaQrItg",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "2g19zjEASJw2ve57hxpr0": {
+    "title": "Data Visualisation",
+    "description": "Data Visualization is a fundamental fragment of the responsibilities of a data analyst. It involves the presentation of data in a graphical or pictorial format which allows decision-makers to see analytics visually. This practice can help them comprehend difficult concepts or establish new patterns. With interactive visualization, data analysts can take the data analysis process to a whole new level — drill down into charts and graphs for more detail, and interactively changing what data is presented or how it’s processed. Thereby it forms a crucial link in the chain of converting raw data to actionable insights which is one of the primary roles of a Data Analyst.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "TeewVruErSsD4VLXcaDxp": {
+    "title": "Statistical Analysis",
+    "description": "Statistical analysis is a core component of a data analyst's toolkit. As professionals dealing with vast amount of structured and unstructured data, data analysts often turn to statistical methods to extract insights and make informed decisions. The role of statistical analysis in data analytics involves gathering, reviewing, and interpreting data for various applications, enabling businesses to understand their performance, trends, and growth potential. Data analysts use a range of statistical techniques from modeling, machine learning, and data mining, to convey vital information that supports strategic company actions.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "Xygwu0m5TeYT6S_8FKKXh": {
+    "title": "Hypothesis Testing",
+    "description": "In the context of a Data Analyst, hypothesis testing plays an essential role to make inferences or predictions based on data. Hypothesis testing is an approach used to test a claim or theory about a parameter in a population, using data measured in a sample. This method allows Data Analysts to determine whether the observed data deviates significantly from the status quo or not. Essentially, it provides a probability-based mechanism to quantify and deal with the uncertainty inherent in conclusions drawn from not completely reliable data.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Hypothesis Testing",
+        "url": "https://latrobe.libguides.com/maths/hypothesis-testing",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Hypothesis Testing - 4 Step",
+        "url": "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/h/hypothesistesting.asp",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "murioZ0NdrTix_lqSGz-8": {
+    "title": "Correlation Analysis",
+    "description": "Correlation Analysis is a quantitative method that data analysts widely employ to determine if there is a significant relationship between two variables, and if so, how strong or weak, positive or negative that relationship might be. This form of analysis helps data analysts identify patterns and trends within datasets, and is often represented visually through scatter plots. By using correlation analysis, data analysts can derive valuable insights to inform decision-making processes within a wide range of fields, from marketing to finance. The implementation of correlation analysis is crucial to forecast future outcomes, develop strategies and drive business growth.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Correlation",
+        "url": "https://www.mathsisfun.com/data/correlation.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "lTycWscyFPi-BtkNg9cdm": {
+    "title": "Regression",
+    "description": "As a data analyst, understanding regression is of paramount importance. Regression analysis is a form of predictive modelling technique which investigates the relationship between dependent and independent variables. It is used for forecast, time series modelling and finding the causal effect relationship between variables. In essence, Regression techniques are used by data analysts to predict a continuous outcome variable (dependent variable) based on one or more predictor variables (independent variables). The main goal is to understand how the typical value of the dependent variable changes when any one of the independent variables is varied, while the other independent variables are held fixed. This understanding of regression takes data analysis from a reactive position to a more powerful, predictive one, equipping data analysts with an integral tool in their work.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Regression: Definition, Analysis, Calculation, and Example",
+        "url": "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/regression.asp",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "A Refresher on Regression Analysis - Harvard",
+        "url": "https://hbr.org/2015/11/a-refresher-on-regression-analysis",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "mCUW07rx74_dUNi7OGVlj": {
+    "title": "Visualizing Distributions",
+    "description": "Visualising Distributions, from a data analyst's perspective, plays a key role in understanding the overall distribution and identifying patterns within data. It aids in summarising, structuring, and plotting structured data graphically to provide essential insights. This includes using different chart types like bar graphs, histograms, and scatter plots for interval data, and pie or bar graphs for categorical data. Ultimately, the aim is to provide a straightforward and effective manner to comprehend the data's characteristics and underlying structure. A data analyst uses these visualisation techniques to make initial conclusions, detect anomalies, and decide on further analysis paths.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Data Visualizations that Capture Distributions",
+        "url": "https://www.datacamp.com/blog/data-demystified-data-visualizations-that-capture-distributions",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Visualising Distributions in Power BI",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rOemr3sz2vw",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "f4GuzeokP9w_gwtOquP0g": {
+    "title": "Machine Learning",
+    "description": "Data analysts are becoming increasingly involved in the realm of machine learning. This emerging technology harnesses algorithms, statistical models, and other tools to teach machines to perform tasks that would normally require human intelligence. This includes activities such as making predictions based on data, recognizing patterns, and making decisions. Understanding the basics of machine learning is therefore not only beneficial, but essential, to modern data analysts who wish to stay competitive in their field.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "XdBwqLoYYiLJNlWPBEDUj": {
+    "title": "Reinforcement Learning",
+    "description": "Reinforcement learning is a key topic within the broader realm of machine learning. Data analysts and other professionals dealing with data often utilize reinforcement learning techniques. In simple, it can be considered as a type of algorithm that uses trial and error to come up with solutions to problems. Notably, these algorithms learn the ideal behaviour within a specific context, with the intention of maximizing performance. As a data analyst, understanding reinforcement learning provides a crucial expertise, especially when dealing with complex data structures and making strategic decisions based on that data.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is reinforcement learning",
+        "url": "https://aws.amazon.com/what-is/reinforcement-learning/#:~:text=Reinforcement%20learning%20(RL)%20is%20a,use%20to%20achieve%20their%20goals.",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is reinforcement learning - IBM",
+        "url": "https://www.ibm.com/topics/reinforcement-learning",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "FntL9E2yVAYwIrlANDNKE": {
+    "title": "Unsupervised Learning",
+    "description": "Unsupervised learning, as a fundamental aspect of Machine Learning, holds great implications in the realm of data analytics. It is an approach where a model learns to identify patterns and relationships within a dataset that isn't labelled or classified. It is especially useful for a Data Analyst as it can assist in recognizing unforeseen trends, providing new insights or preparing data for other machine learning tasks. This ability to infer without direct supervision allows a vast potential for latent structure discovery and new knowledge derivation from raw data.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is unsupervised learning?",
+        "url": "https://cloud.google.com/discover/what-is-unsupervised-learning",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Introduction to unsupervised learning",
+        "url": "https://www.datacamp.com/blog/introduction-to-unsupervised-learning",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "FIYCkGXofKMsXmsqHSMh9": {
+    "title": "Supervised Learning",
+    "description": "Supervised machine learning forms an integral part of the toolset for a Data Analyst. With a direct focus on building predictive models from labeled datasets, it involves training an algorithm based on these known inputs and outputs, helping Data Analysts establish correlations and make reliable predictions. Fortifying a Data Analyst's role, supervised machine learning enables the accurate interpretation of complex data, enhancing decision-making processes.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is supervised learning?",
+        "url": "https://cloud.google.com/discover/what-is-supervised-learning",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Supervised Machine Learning",
+        "url": "https://www.datacamp.com/blog/supervised-machine-learning",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "vHDm_9Lh4EqvXNYSOBaqZ": {
+    "title": "Decision Trees",
+    "description": "As a data analyst, understanding machine learning topics like decision trees is crucial. Decision trees are a fundamental aspect in the field of machine learning and artificial intelligence. They present a simple yet effective method of data analysis. They have applications in several areas including customer relationship management, fraud detection, financial analysis, healthcare and more. In simpler terms, a decision tree can be considered as a method of breaking down complex decisions and estimating likely outcomes. This introduction would help data analysts understand the logic behind decision trees and how they are constructed for the purpose of predictive modeling.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is machine learning for analytics?",
+        "url": "https://www.oracle.com/business-analytics/what-is-machine-learning-for-analytics/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "The Role of Machine Learning in Data Analysis",
+        "url": "https://www.ironhack.com/gb/blog/the-role-of-machine-learning-in-data-analysis",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "zbUw5PyVsdccbgDTRHg7d": {
+    "title": "Naive Byes",
+    "description": "As a data analyst, understanding various machine learning algorithms is crucial. Naive Bayes is one of such basic yet powerful algorithms used for predictive modeling and data classification. This algorithm applies the principles of probability and statistics, specifically Bayes' theorem, with a 'naive' assumption of independence among the predictors. Ideal for dealing with large volumes of data, Naive Bayes is a competitive algorithm for text classification, spam filtering, recommendation systems, and more. Understanding Naive Bayes can significantly improve the ability of a data analyst to create more effective models and deliver superior analytical results.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What are Naïve Bayes classifiers?",
+        "url": "https://www.ibm.com/topics/naive-bayes",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Naive Bayes",
+        "url": "https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/naive_bayes.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "h2xF5bZeUByDgsAi4dga2": {
+    "title": "K-Means Clustering",
+    "description": "Kmeans is a fundamentally important method in data analysis and falls under the broad umbrella of machine learning basics. A data analyst using Kmeans clusters large data sets into subgroups or clusters based upon specific characteristics or parameters. The primary purpose is to derive insights from similarities/dissimilarities within the dataset, which can then be used for understanding patterns, trends, and predictive modeling. Accurate use of Kmeans can lead to enhanced decision-making, forecasting and strategic planning based on the data.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "K-Means Clustering",
+        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K-means_clustering",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "K-Means",
+        "url": "https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/generated/sklearn.cluster.KMeans.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "7ikA373qH88HBx5irCgIH": {
+    "title": "Model Evaluation Techniques",
+    "description": "As a data analyst, it's crucial to understand various model evaluation techniques. These techniques involve different methods to measure the performance or accuracy of machine learning models. For instance, using confusion matrix, precision, recall, F1 score, ROC curves or Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) among others. Knowing how to apply these techniques effectively not only helps in selecting the best model for a specific problem but also guides in tuning the performance of the models for optimal results. Understanding these model evaluation techniques also allows data analysts to interpret evaluation results and determine the effectiveness and applicability of a model.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is model evaluation",
+        "url": "https://domino.ai/data-science-dictionary/model-evaluation",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Model evaluation metrics",
+        "url": "https://www.markovml.com/blog/model-evaluation-metrics",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "_aUQZWUhFRvNu0MZ8CPit": {
+    "title": "Big Data Technologies",
+    "description": "In the modern digitized world, Big Data refers to extremely large datasets that are challenging to manage and analyze using traditional data processing applications. These datasets often come from numerous different sources and are not only voluminous but also diverse in nature, including structured and unstructured data. The role of a data analyst in the context of big data is crucial. Data analysts are responsible for inspecting, cleaning, transforming, and modeling big data to discover useful information, conclude and support decision-making. They leverage their analytical skills and various big data tools and technologies to extract insights that can benefit the organization and drive strategic business initiatives.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "m1IfG2sEedUxMXrv_B8GW": {
+    "title": "Big Data Concepts",
+    "description": "Big data refers to extremely large and complex data sets that traditional data processing systems are unable to manage effectively. For data analysts, understanding the big data concepts is crucial as it helps them gain insights, make decisions, and create meaningful presentations using these data sets. The key concepts include volume, velocity, and variety - collectively known as the 3Vs. Volume refers to the amount of data, velocity is the speed at which data is processed, and variety indicates the different types of data being dealt with. Other advanced concepts include variability and veracity. These concepts provide a framework for understanding and working with big data for data analysts. With the growing importance of big data in various industries and sectors, a comprehensive grasp of these concepts equips a data analyst to more effectively and efficiently analyze and interpret complex data sets.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "An Introduction to Big Data Concepts and Terminology",
+        "url": "https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/an-introduction-to-big-data-concepts-and-terminology",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "An Introduction to Big Data Concepts",
+        "url": "https://www.suse.com/c/rancher_blog/an-introduction-to-big-data-concepts/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "SStzU_iXSvI_9QWbvGNou": {
+    "title": "KNN",
+    "description": "K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) is a simple yet powerful algorithm used in the field of machine learning, which a Data Analyst might employ for tasks such as classification or regression. It works based on the principle of proximity, where the prediction of new instance's category depends upon the category of its nearest neighbors. For a Data Analyst working with complex data sets, it's crucial to understand how the KNN algorithm operates, its applicability, pros, and cons. This will facilitate making well-informed decisions about when to utilize it for the best possible outcome in data analysis.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "https://www.ibm.com/topics/knn#:~:text=The k-nearest neighbors (KNN,used in machine learning today.)",
+        "url": "https://www.ibm.com/topics/knn#:~:text=The%20k%2Dnearest%20neighbors%20(KNN,used%20in%20machine%20learning%20today.)",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Nearest Neighbors",
+        "url": "https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/neighbors.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "ofOQKAIu4rezWmgZeE-KT": {
+    "title": "Logistic Regression",
+    "description": "Logistic Regression is one of the foundational techniques that a data analyst must understand in machine learning. This method is a predictive analysis algorithm based on the concept of probability. It’s used for categorizing data into distinct classes, making it particularly useful for binary classification problems. It should be understood that despite its name, logistic regression is used in classification problems, not regression tasks. Data analysts use this algorithm to build machine learning models to solve various real-world problems such as email spam, credibility of loan applicants, development of marketing strategies and so on.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Everything you need to know about Logistic Regression",
+        "url": "https://www.spiceworks.com/tech/artificial-intelligence/articles/what-is-logistic-regression/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Logistic Regression for Machine Learning",
+        "url": "https://machinelearningmastery.com/logistic-regression-for-machine-learning/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "Fwwve0j-KDfc605IIgmil": {
+    "title": "Parallel Processing",
+    "description": "Parallel processing is an efficient form of data processing that allows Data Analysts to deal with larger volumes of data at a faster pace. It is a computational method that allows multiple tasks to be performed concurrently, instead of sequentially, thus, speeding up data processing. Parallel processing proves to be invaluable for Data Analysts, as they are often tasked with analyzing huge data sets and compiling reports in real-time. As the demand for rapid data processing and quick analytics is on the rise, the technique of parallel processing forms a critical element in the versatile toolkit of a Data Analyst.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is parallel processing?",
+        "url": "https://www.spiceworks.com/tech/iot/articles/what-is-parallel-processing/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How parallel computing works?",
+        "url": "https://computer.howstuffworks.com/parallel-processing.htm",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "wECWIRMlWNoTxz5eKwaSf": {
+    "title": "Hadoop",
+    "description": "Hadoop is a critical element in the realm of data processing frameworks, offering an effective solution for storing, managing, and analyzing massive amounts of data. Unraveling meaningful insights from a large deluge of data is a challenging pursuit faced by many data analysts. Regular data processing tools fail to handle large-scale data, paving the way for advanced frameworks like Hadoop. This open-source platform by Apache Software Foundation excels at storing and processing vast data across clusters of computers. Notably, Hadoop comprises two key modules - the Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS) for storage and MapReduce for processing. Hadoop’s ability to handle both structured and unstructured data further broadens its capacity. For any data analyst, a thorough understanding of Hadoop can unlock powerful ways to manage data effectively and construct meaningful analytics.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Apache Hadoop Website",
+        "url": "https://hadoop.apache.org/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What Is Hadoop?",
+        "url": "https://www.databricks.com/glossary/hadoop",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "vaiigToDh4522rtWamuSM": {
+    "title": "Spark",
+    "description": "As a big data processing framework, Apache Spark showcases immense importance in the field of data analysis. Abreast with the ability to handle both batch and real-time analytics, Spark offers an interface for programming entire clusters with implicit data parallelism and fault tolerance. As a data analyst, mastery over Spark becomes essential in order to efficiently process and analyze complex and high-volume data. This powerful open-source tool can simplify the daunting task of gleaning actionable insights from massive, disparate data sets.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "apache/spark",
+        "url": "https://github.com/apache/spark",
+        "type": "opensource"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Apache Spark Website",
+        "url": "https://spark.apache.org/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "fqCAH4Enc4AAJHoSkk2Pe": {
+    "title": "MPI",
+    "description": "Message Passing Interface (MPI) is a pioneering technique in the broader realm of data processing strategies. As a data analyst, understanding and implementing MPI is pivotal for managing massive data sets. MPI is an authorized standard for performing parallel computing, which allows concurrent data processing, maintaining a highly efficient and time-saving operation. This system exchanges data between separate tasks and aids in solving complex problems related to computations and data analysis. By leveraging MPI in data processing, analysts can expect to optimize their work and contribute to faster decision-making, thereby enhancing the overall organizational efficiency.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Message Passing Interface Forum",
+        "url": "https://www.mpi-forum.org/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Microsoft MPI",
+        "url": "https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/message-passing-interface/microsoft-mpi",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "eAM9orCNwzqh34uvGBVm8": {
+    "title": "MapReduce",
+    "description": "MapReduce is a prominent data processing technique used by Data Analysts around the world. It allows them to handle large data sets with complex, unstructured data efficiently. MapReduce breaks down a big data problem into smaller sub-tasks (Map) and then takes those results to create an output in a more usable format (Reduce). This technique is particularly useful in conducting exploratory analysis, as well as in handling big data operations such as text processing, graph processing, or more complicated machine learning algorithms.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "MapReduce",
+        "url": "https://www.databricks.com/glossary/mapreduce",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is Apache MapReduce?",
+        "url": "https://www.ibm.com/topics/mapreduce",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "SiYUdtYMDImRPmV2_XPkH": {
+    "title": "Deep Learning (Optional)",
+    "description": "Deep learning, a subset of machine learning technique, is increasingly becoming a critical tool for data analysts. Deep learning algorithms utilize multiple layers of neural networks to understand and interpret intricate structures in large data, a skill that is integral to the daily functions of a data analyst. With the ability to learn from unstructured or unlabeled data, deep learning opens a whole new range of possibilities for data analysts in terms of data processing, prediction, and categorization. It has applications in a variety of industries from healthcare to finance to e-commerce and beyond. A deeper understanding of deep learning methodologies can augment a data analyst's capability to evaluate and interpret complex datasets and provide valuable insights for decision making.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "gGHsKcS92StK5FolzmVvm": {
+    "title": "Neural Networks",
+    "description": "Neural Networks play a pivotal role in the landscape of deep learning, offering a plethora of benefits and applications for data analysts. They are computational models that emulate the way human brain processes information, enabling machines to make intelligent decisions. As a data analyst, understanding and utilizing neural networks can greatly enhance decision-making process as it allows to quickly and effectively analyze large datasets, recognize patterns, and forecast future trends. In deep learning, these networks are used for creating advanced models that can tackle complex tasks such as image recognition, natural language processing, and speech recognition, to name but a few. Therefore, an in-depth knowledge of neural networks is a significant asset for any aspiring or professional data analyst.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is a neural network?",
+        "url": "https://aws.amazon.com/what-is/neural-network/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explained: Neural networks",
+        "url": "https://news.mit.edu/2017/explained-neural-networks-deep-learning-0414",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "XlCv2OirEfuBFa4ranyyE": {
+    "title": "CNNs",
+    "description": "Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) form an integral part of deep learning frameworks, particularly within the realm of image processing. Data analysts with a focus on deep learning applications often turn to CNNs for their capacity to efficiently process high-dimensional data, such as images, and extract critical features relevant to the problem at hand. As a powerful tool for modeling patterns in data, CNNs are frequently employed in applications ranging from image recognition to natural language processing (NLP). Understanding CNNs, therefore, provides a robust foundation for data analysts aspiring to harness the potential of deep learning techniques.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What are convolutional neural networks?",
+        "url": "https://www.ibm.com/topics/convolutional-neural-networks",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What are Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs)?",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QzY57FaENXg",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "Gocm98_tRg5BGxKcP-7zg": {
+    "title": "RNN",
+    "description": "Recurrent Neural Networks(RNNs) are a type of Artificial Neural Networks(ANNs) which introduces us to the realm of Deep Learning, an aspect that has been significantly contributing to the evolution of Data Analysis. RNNs are specifically designed to recognize patterns in sequences of data, such as text, genomes, handwriting, or the spoken word. This inherent feature of RNNs makes them extremely useful and versatile for a data analyst.\n\nA data analyst leveraging RNNs can effectively charter the intrinsic complexity of data sequences, classify them, and make accurate predictions. With the fundamental understanding of deep learning, data analysts can unlock the full potential of RNNs in delivering insightful data analysis that goes beyond traditional statistical methods. Modern research and applications of RNNs extend to multiple domains including natural language processing, speech recognition, and even in the financial sphere for stock price prediction making this a key tool in a data analyst’s arsenal.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is a recurrent neural network (RNN)?",
+        "url": "https://www.ibm.com/topics/recurrent-neural-networks",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Recurrent Neural Networks cheatsheet",
+        "url": "https://stanford.edu/~shervine/teaching/cs-230/cheatsheet-recurrent-neural-networks",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "FJ4Sx477FWxyDsQr0R8rl": {
+    "title": "Tensorflow",
+    "description": "TensorFlow, developed by Google Brain Team, has become a crucial tool in the realm of data analytics, particularly within the field of deep learning. It's an open-source platform for machine learning, offering a comprehensive and flexible ecosystem of tools, libraries, and community resources. As a data analyst, understanding and implementing TensorFlow for deep learning models allows us to identify complex patterns and make insightful predictions which standard analysis could miss. It's in-demand skill that enhances our ability to generate accurate insights from colossal and complicated structured or unstructured data sets.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Tensorflow Website",
+        "url": "https://www.tensorflow.org/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Tensorflow in 100 seconds",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i8NETqtGHms",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "LJSqfz6aYJbCe_bK8EWI1": {
+    "title": "Pytorch",
+    "description": "PyTorch, an open-source machine learning library, has gained considerable popularity among data analysts due to its simplicity and high performance in tasks such as natural language processing and artificial intelligence. Specifically, in the domain of deep learning, PyTorch stands out due to its dynamic computational graph, allowing for a highly intuitive and flexible platform for building complex models. For data analysts, mastering PyTorch can open up a broad range of opportunities for data model development, data processing, and integration of machine learning algorithms.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "PyTorch Website",
+        "url": "https://pytorch.org/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "PyTorch in 100 seconds",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ORMx45xqWkA",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "bHPJ6yOHtUq5EjJBSrJUE": {
+    "title": "Image Recognition",
+    "description": "Image Recognition has become a significant domain because of its diverse applications, including facial recognition, object detection, character recognition, and much more. As a Data Analyst, understanding Image Recognition under Deep Learning becomes crucial. The data analyst's role in this context involves deciphering complex patterns and extracting valuable information from image data. This area of machine learning combines knowledge of data analysis, image processing, and deep neural networks to provide accurate results, contributing significantly to the progression of fields like autonomous vehicles, medical imaging, surveillance, among others. Therefore, proficiency in this field paves the way for proficient data analysis, leading to innovative solutions and improved decision-making.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is image recognition?",
+        "url": "https://www.techtarget.com/searchenterpriseai/definition/image-recognition",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Image Recognition: Definition, Algorithms & Uses",
+        "url": "https://www.v7labs.com/blog/image-recognition-guide",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "DFv-eiYDicF4cA4jgVk9_": {
+    "title": "Natural Language Processing",
+    "description": "In the sphere of data analysis, Natural Language Processing (NLP) has emerged as a critical aspect. NLP is a branch of artificial intelligence that involves the interaction between computers and human languages. It allows computers to understand, interpret, and generate human languages with meaning and context. This capability opens up potent avenues for data analysts, who often have to handle unstructured data such as customer reviews, comments, and other textual content.\n\nDeep Learning, a subset of machine learning based on artificial neural networks, is particularly effective for NLP tasks, enabling computers to learn from vast amounts of data. For data analysts, understanding and utilizing the potentials of NLP can greatly improve the efficiency of data processing and extraction of meaningful insights, especially when dealing with large or complex data sets. This knowledge can significantly enhance their ability to make data-driven decisions and predictions tailored to specific business objectives.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is NLP?",
+        "url": "https://aws.amazon.com/what-is/nlp/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Natural Language Processing",
+        "url": "https://www.deeplearning.ai/resources/natural-language-processing/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "iTmtpXe7dR4XKslgpsk2q": {
+    "title": "Data Storage Solutions",
+    "description": "As a business enterprise expands, so does its data. For data analysts, the surge in information means they need efficient and scalable data storage solutions to manage vast volumes of structured and unstructured data, collectively referred to as Big Data. Big Data storage solutions are critical in preserving the integrity of data while also providing quick and easy access to the data when needed. These solutions use software and hardware components to securely store massive amounts of information across numerous servers, allowing data analysts to perform robust data extraction, data processing and complex data analyses. There are several options, from the traditional Relational Database Management Systems (RDBMS) to the more recent NoSQL databases, Hadoop ecosystems, and Cloud storage solutions, each offering unique capabilities and benefits to cater for different big data needs.",
+    "links": []
+  }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/public/roadmap-content/devops.json b/public/roadmap-content/devops.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2f00a911c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/public/roadmap-content/devops.json
@@ -0,0 +1,3102 @@
+{
+  "v5FGKQc-_7NYEsWjmTEuq": {
+    "title": "Learn a Programming Language",
+    "description": "It doesn't matter what language you pick, but it is important to learn at least one. You will be able to use that language to write automation scripts.",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Guide to Picking a Language for DevOps",
+        "url": "https://cs.fyi/guide/programming-language-for-devops",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "TwVfCYMS9jSaJ6UyYmC-K": {
+    "title": "Python",
+    "description": "Python is a multi-paradigm language. Being an interpreted language, code is executed as soon as it is written and the Python syntax allows for writing code in functional, procedural or object-oriented programmatic ways. Python is frequently recommended as the first language new coders should learn, because of its focus on readability, consistency, and ease of use. This comes with some downsides, as the language is not especially performant in most production tasks.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Visit Dedicated Python Roadmap",
+        "url": "/python",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Python Website",
+        "url": "https://www.python.org/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Python Getting Started",
+        "url": "https://www.python.org/about/gettingstarted/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Automate the Boring Stuff",
+        "url": "https://automatetheboringstuff.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "W3Schools - Python Tutorial ",
+        "url": "https://www.w3schools.com/python/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Python Crash Course",
+        "url": "https://ehmatthes.github.io/pcc/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Python",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/python?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "PuXAPYA0bsMgwcnlwJxQn": {
+    "title": "Ruby",
+    "description": "Ruby is a high-level, interpreted programming language that blends Perl, Smalltalk, Eiffel, Ada, and Lisp. Ruby focuses on simplicity and productivity along with a syntax that reads and writes naturally. Ruby supports procedural, object-oriented and functional programming and is dynamically typed.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Ruby Website",
+        "url": "https://www.ruby-lang.org/en/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Learn Ruby in 20 minutes",
+        "url": "https://www.ruby-lang.org/en/documentation/quickstart/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Ruby",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/ruby?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "npnMwSDEK2aLGgnuZZ4dO": {
+    "title": "Go",
+    "description": "Go is an open source programming language supported by Google. Go can be used to write cloud services, CLI tools, used for API development, and much more.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Visit Dedicated Go Roadmap",
+        "url": "/golang",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "A Tour of Go – Go Basics",
+        "url": "https://go.dev/tour/welcome/1",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Go Reference Documentation",
+        "url": "https://go.dev/doc/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Go by Example - annotated example programs",
+        "url": "https://gobyexample.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "W3Schools Go Tutorial ",
+        "url": "https://www.w3schools.com/go/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Making a RESTful JSON API in Go",
+        "url": "https://thenewstack.io/make-a-restful-json-api-go/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Golang",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/golang?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "eL62bKAoJCMsu7zPlgyhy": {
+    "title": "Rust",
+    "description": "Rust is a modern systems programming language focusing on safety, speed, and concurrency. It accomplishes these goals by being memory safe without using garbage collection.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "The Rust Programming Language - online book",
+        "url": "https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Rust by Example - collection of runnable examples",
+        "url": "https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/rust-by-example/index.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Comprehensive Rust by Google - Learn Rust in 4 Days",
+        "url": "https://google.github.io/comprehensive-rust/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Microsoft Learn Course",
+        "url": "https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/training/paths/rust-first-steps/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Quick Rust Guide",
+        "url": "https://sivanaikk.github.io/rust/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Rust Katas - Small, interactive Rust exercises",
+        "url": "https://rustlings.cool/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Rust",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/rust?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "The Rust Programming Book - Video Version",
+        "url": "https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLai5B987bZ9CoVR-QEIN9foz4QCJ0H2Y8",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "QCdemtWa2mE78poNXeqzr": {
+    "title": "JavaScript / Node.js",
+    "description": "JavaScript allows you to add interactivity to your pages. Common examples that you may have seen on the websites are sliders, click interactions, popups and so on. Apart from being used on the frontend in browsers, there is Node.js which is an open-source, cross-platform, back-end JavaScript runtime environment that runs on the V8 engine and executes JavaScript code outside a web browser.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Visit Dedicated JavaScript Roadmap",
+        "url": "/javascript",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "W3Schools – JavaScript Tutorial",
+        "url": "https://www.w3schools.com/js/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "The Modern JavaScript Tutorial",
+        "url": "https://javascript.info/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "W3Schools – Node.js Tutorial",
+        "url": "https://www.w3schools.com/nodejs/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is NPM?",
+        "url": "https://www.w3schools.com/nodejs/nodejs_npm.asp",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Official Documentation",
+        "url": "https://nodejs.org/en/learn/getting-started/introduction-to-nodejs",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about JavaScript",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/javascript?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "JavaScript Crash Course for Beginners",
+        "url": "https://youtu.be/hdI2bqOjy3c",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Node.js Crash Course",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fBNz5xF-Kx4",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Node.js Tutorial for Beginners",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TlB_eWDSMt4",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "qe84v529VbCyydl0BKFk2": {
+    "title": "Operating System",
+    "description": "**An Operating system serves as a bridge between a computer's user and its hardware. An operating system's function is to offer a setting in which a user can conveniently and effectively run programmes.** In simple terms we can say that and Operating System (OS) is an interface between a computer user and computer hardware. An OS permits software programmes to communicate with a computer's hardware, The **kernel** is the name of Piece of software that houses the fundamental elements of **Operating System.**\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "All you need to know about OS.",
+        "url": "https://www.javatpoint.com/os-tutorial",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Learn Operating Systems",
+        "url": "https://www.tutorialspoint.com/operating_system/os_overview.htm",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What are Operating Systems?",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pVzRTmdd9j0",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Operating Systems!",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vBURTt97EkA&list=PLBlnK6fEyqRiVhbXDGLXDk_OQAeuVcp2O",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "cTqVab0VbVcn3W7i0wBrX": {
+    "title": "Ubuntu / Debian",
+    "description": "Debian is a free and open-source Linux distribution developed by the Debian Project, an all volunteer software community organization. Debian is the upstream distribution of Ubuntu.\n\nUbuntu is a free and open-source Linux distribution based on Debian. Ubuntu is available in three versions Desktop, Server and Core.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Debian Website",
+        "url": "https://www.debian.org/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Ubuntu Website",
+        "url": "https://ubuntu.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Learn the ways of Linux-fu, for free",
+        "url": "https://linuxjourney.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "The Linux Command Line by William Shotts",
+        "url": "https://linuxcommand.org/tlcl.php",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Linux Upskill Challenge",
+        "url": "https://linuxupskillchallenge.org/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Linux Fundamentals",
+        "url": "https://academy.hackthebox.com/course/preview/linux-fundamentals",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Ubuntu",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/ubuntu?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Linux Operating System - Crash Course for Beginners",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ROjZy1WbCIA",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Introduction to Linux - Full Course for Beginners",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sWbUDq4S6Y8&pp=ygUTVWJ1bnR1IGNyYXNoIGNvdXJzZQ%3D%3D",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "zhNUK953p6tjREndk3yQZ": {
+    "title": "SUSE Linux",
+    "description": "openSUSE is a free to use Linux distribution aimed to promote the use of Linux everywhere. openSUSE is released in two versions Leap and Tumbleweed\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "openSUSE Linux Website",
+        "url": "https://www.opensuse.org/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "openSUSE Documentation",
+        "url": "https://en.opensuse.org/Main_Page",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Unofficial openSUSE Getting Started Guide",
+        "url": "https://opensuse-guide.org/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Linux",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/linux?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "7mS6Y_BOAHNgM3OjyFtZ9": {
+    "title": "RHEL / Derivatives",
+    "description": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) is a popular distribution of the Linux operating system that is designed for enterprise-level use. It is developed and maintained by Red Hat, Inc., and it is available under a subscription-based model.\n\nThere are several distributions of Linux that are based on RHEL, or that have been derived from RHEL in some way. These distributions are known as RHEL derivatives. Some examples of RHEL derivatives include: AlmaLinux, CentOS, CloudLinux, Oracle Linux, and Scientific Linux.\n\nRHEL derivatives are often used in enterprise environments because they offer the stability and reliability of RHEL, but with the added benefit of being free or lower-cost alternatives.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux Website",
+        "url": "https://www.redhat.com/en/technologies/linux-platforms/enterprise-linux",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "RHEL Documentation",
+        "url": "https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-us/red_hat_enterprise_linux/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "RHEL Getting Started Guides",
+        "url": "https://www.redhat.com/en/technologies/linux-platforms/enterprise-linux/get-started",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) - Red Hat",
+        "url": "https://www.redhat.com/en/topics/linux/what-is-rhel",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Learn Linux 101",
+        "url": "https://developer.ibm.com/series/learn-linux-101/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "PiPHFimToormOPl1EtEe8": {
+    "title": "FreeBSD",
+    "description": "FreeBSD is a free and open-source Unix-like operating system including many features such as preemptive multitasking, memory protection, virtual memory, and multi-user facilities.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "FreeBSD Website",
+        "url": "https://www.freebsd.org/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Official FreeBSD Documentation",
+        "url": "https://docs.freebsd.org/en/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "FreeBSD Handbook",
+        "url": "https://docs.freebsd.org/en/books/handbook/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "FreeBSD Resources for Newbies ",
+        "url": "https://www.freebsd.org/projects/newbies/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "97cJYKqv7CPPUXkKNwM4x": {
+    "title": "OpenBSD",
+    "description": "OpenBSD is a free and open-source Unix-like operating system, focussed on portability, standardization, correctness, proactive security and integrated cryptography. The popular software application [OpenSSH](https://www.openssh.com/) is developed by from OpenBSD\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "OpenBSD Website",
+        "url": "https://www.openbsd.org/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Official OpenBSD Documentation",
+        "url": "https://man.openbsd.org/search",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "OpenBSD Handbook",
+        "url": "https://www.openbsdhandbook.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "OpenBSD Installation Guide",
+        "url": "https://www.openbsd.org/faq/faq4.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "haiYSwNt3rjiiwCDszPk1": {
+    "title": "NetBSD",
+    "description": "NetBSD is a free, fast, secure, and highly portable Unix-like Open Source operating system. It is available for a wide range of platforms, from large-scale servers and powerful desktop systems to handheld and embedded devices.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "NetBSD Website",
+        "url": "https://netbsd.org/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Official NetBSD Documentation",
+        "url": "https://netbsd.org/docs/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "NetBSD Guide",
+        "url": "https://netbsd.org/docs/guide/en/index.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "UOQimp7QkM3sxmFvk5d3i": {
+    "title": "Windows",
+    "description": "Windows is a graphical user interface (GUI) based operating system developed by Microsoft. It is a hybrid kernel-based proprietary operating system. According to a survey, till April 2022, windows is the most popular operating system in the world with a 75% market share.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Windows Official Site",
+        "url": "http://microsoft.com/windows",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Windows Documentation for Developers",
+        "url": "https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Windows",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/windows?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "wjJPzrFJBNYOD3SJLzW2M": {
+    "title": "Terminal Knowledge",
+    "description": "A terminal is simply a text-based interface to the computer, it is used to interact with your computer system via CLI (command line interface)\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is CLI?",
+        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Command-line_interface",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "x-JWvG1iw86ULL9KrQmRu": {
+    "title": "Process Monitoring",
+    "description": "A process is an instance of a computer program that is being executed. Each process is identified by a unique number called a process ID (PID). A process is a running program. The operating system tracks processes through the use of process identifiers. A process identifier (PID) is a unique number that identifies a specific process. A PID is automatically assigned to each process when it is created on the system.\n\nThere are several linux commands that can be used to monitor processes. The most common ones are:\n\n*   `ps` - report a snapshot of the current processes.\n*   `top` - display Linux processes.\n*   `htop` - interactive process viewer.\n*   `atop` - advanced interactive monitor to view the load on a Linux system.\n*   `lsof` - list open files.\n\nThe `ps` utility displays a header line, followed by lines containing information about all of your processes that have controlling terminals.\n\n*   [@article@ps Documentation](https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man1/ps.1.html)\n*   [@article@ps Cheat Sheet](https://www.sysadmin.md/ps-cheatsheet.html)\n*   [@video@Linux Crash Course - The ps Command](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wYwGNgsfN3I)\n\nThe `top` program periodically displays a sorted list of system processes. The default sorting key is pid, but other keys can be used instead. Various output options are available.\n\n*   [@article@top Documentation](https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man1/top.1.html)\n*   [@article@top Cheat Sheet](https://gist.github.com/ericandrewlewis/4983670c508b2f6b181703df43438c37)\n\nhtop is a cross-platform ncurses-based process. It is similar to top, but allows you to scroll vertically and horizontally, and interact using a pointing device (mouse). You can observe all processes running on the system, along with their command line arguments, as well as view them in a tree format, select multiple processes and act on them all at once.\n\n*   [@article@htop Documentation](https://www.man7.org/linux/man-pages/man1/htop.1.html)\n*   [@article@htop Cheat Sheet](https://www.maketecheasier.com/power-user-guide-htop/)\n\nLsof lists on its standard output file information about files opened by processes.",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "lsof Cheat Sheet",
+        "url": "https://neverendingsecurity.wordpress.com/2015/04/13/lsof-commands-cheatsheet/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "lsof Documentation",
+        "url": "https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man8/lsof.8.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Monitoring",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/monitoring?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Linux Crash Course - The lsof Command",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n9nZ1ellaV0",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "gIEQDgKOsoEnSv8mpEzGH": {
+    "title": "Performance Monitoring",
+    "description": "There are many tools available to monitor the performance of your application. Some of the most popular are:\n\n*   `nmon` - A system monitor tool for Linux and AIX systems.\n*   `iostat` - A tool that reports CPU statistics and input/output statistics for devices, partitions and network filesystems.\n*   `sar` - A system monitor command used to report on various system loads, including CPU activity, memory/paging, device load, network.\n*   `vmstat` - A tool that reports virtual memory statistics.\n\nNmon is a fully interactive performance monitoring command-line utility tool for Linux. It is a benchmark tool that displays performance about the cpu, memory, network, disks, file system, nfs, top processes, resources, and power micro-partition.\n\n*   [@article@nmon Documentation](https://www.ibm.com/docs/en/aix/7.2?topic=n-nmon-command)\n\nThe iostat command in Linux is used for monitoring system input/output statistics for devices and partitions. It monitors system input/output by observing the time the devices are active in relation to their average transfer rates. The iostat produce reports may be used to change the system configuration to raised balance the input/output between the physical disks.\n\n*   [@article@iostat Documentation](https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man1/iostat.1.html)\n\nShort for **S**ystem **A**ctivity **R**eport, `sar` is a command line tool for Unix and Unix-like operating systems that shows a report of different information about the usage and activity of resources in the operating system.\n\n*   [@article@SAR Man Page](https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man1/sar.1.html)\n*   [@article@SAR Man Page 2](https://linux.die.net/man/1/sar)\n*   [@article@Sar tutorial for beginners](https://linuxhint.com/sar_linux_tutorial/)\n\nShort for **V**irtual **m**emory **stat**istic reporter, `vmstat` is a command line tool for Unix and Unix-like operating systems that reports various information about the operating system such as memory, paging, processes, I/O, CPU and disk usage.",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Linux commands: exploring virtual memory with vmstat",
+        "url": "https://www.redhat.com/sysadmin/linux-commands-vmstat",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "VMstat Man Page",
+        "url": "https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man8/vmstat.8.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "vmstat tutorial",
+        "url": "https://phoenixnap.com/kb/vmstat-command",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Monitoring",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/monitoring?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "OaqKLZe-XnngcDhDzCtRt": {
+    "title": "Networking Tools",
+    "description": "Networking tools are used to troubleshoot network issues. They are also used to monitor network traffic and to test network connectivity. Some of the most common networking tools are:\n\n*   `traceroute` - Traces the route taken by packets over an IP network.\n*   `ping` - sends echo request packets to a host to test the Internet connection.\n*   `mtr` - Combines the functionality of `traceroute` and `ping` into a single diagnostic tool.\n*   `nmap` - Scans hosts for open ports.\n*   `netstat` - Displays network connections, routing tables, interface statistics, masquerade connections, and multicast memberships.\n*   `ufw` and `firewalld` - Firewall management tools.\n*   `iptables` and `nftables` - Firewall management tools.\n*   `tcpdump` - Dumps traffic on a network.\n*   `dig` - DNS lookup utility.\n*   `scp` - Secure copy.\n\n`traceroute` command is a command in Linux that prints the route a network packet takes from its source (e.g. your computer) to the destination host (e.g., [roadmap.sh](http://roadmap.sh)). It is quite valuable in investigating slow network connections as it can help us spot the slow leg of the network packet journey through the internet.\n\n*   [How to Run Traceroute in Linux](https://linuxhint.com/run_traceroute_linux/)\n\n`ping` (**P**acket **In**ternet **G**roper) command is used to check the network connectivity between host and server/host. This command takes as input the IP address or the URL and sends a data packet to the specified address with the message “PING” and get a response from the server/host this time is recorded which is called latency.\n\n*   [What is ping command?](https://linuxize.com/post/linux-ping-command/)\n\n`mtr` combines the functionality of the traceroute and ping programs in a single network diagnostic tool.\n\n*   [Javatpoint: Linux mtr Command](https://www.javatpoint.com/linux-mtr)\n*   [mtr Linux command](https://www.tutorialspoint.com/unix_commands/mtr.htm)\n*   [How to traceroute use mtr command in Linux](https://www.devopsroles.com/how-to-traceroute-use-mtr-command-in-linux/)\n\nNMAP stands for Network Mapper and is an open-source tool used to explore and audit the network's security, such as checking firewalls and scanning ports.\n\n*   [NMAP Official Manual Book](https://nmap.org/book/man.html)\n\nNetstat is a command line utility to display all the network connections on a system. It displays all the tcp, udp and unix socket connections. Apart from connected sockets it also displays listening sockets that are waiting for incoming connections.\n\n*   [netstat command in Linux with Examples](https://www.tutorialspoint.com/unix_commands/netstat.htm)\n*   [Netstat Tutorial](http://www.c-jump.com/CIS24/Slides/Networking/html_utils/netstat.html)\n*   [Netstat Commands - Network Administration Tutorial](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bxFwpm4IobU)\n*   [Linux Command Line Tutorial For Beginners - netstat command](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zGNcvBaN5wE)\n\nUFW, or _uncomplicated firewall_, is command-line based utility for managing firewall rules in Arch Linux, Debian and Ubuntu. It's aim is to make firewall configuration as simple as possible. It is a frontend for the `iptables` firewalling tool.\n\n*   [ufw Documentation](https://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/trusty/man8/ufw.8.html)\n*   [Basic Introduction to UFW](https://www.linux.com/training-tutorials/introduction-uncomplicated-firewall-ufw/)\n*   [UFW Essentials](https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/ufw-essentials-common-firewall-rules-and-commands)\n\nIPtables is a command-line firewall utility that uses policy chains to allow or block traffic that will be enforced by the linux kernel’s netfilter framework. Iptables packet filtering mechanism is organized into three different kinds of structures: tables, chains and targets.\n\n*   [Iptables tutorial](https://www.hostinger.in/tutorials/iptables-tutorial)\n*   [Beginners to Advanced Guide Iptables](https://erravindrapawadia.medium.com/iptables-tutorial-beginners-to-advanced-guide-to-linux-firewall-839e10501759)\n\n`tcpdump` is a command line tool used for analysing network traffic passing through your system. It can be used to capture and filter packets and display them in a human-readable format. The captured information can be analysed at a later date as well.\n\n*   [tcpdump Documentation](https://www.tcpdump.org/manpages/tcpdump.1.html)\n*   [Basic Introduction to Tcpdump](https://opensource.com/article/18/10/introduction-tcpdump)\n*   [50 ways to isolate traffic with Tcpdump](https://danielmiessler.com/study/tcpdump/)\n*   [Interpreting Tcpdump output and data](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7bsQP9sKHrs)\n\n`dig` command stands for **D**omain **I**nformation **G**roper. It is used for retrieving information about DNS name servers. It is mostly used by network administrators for verifying and troubleshooting DNS problems and to perform DNS lookups. It replaces older tools such as `nslookup` and the `host`.\n\n*   [More on dig](https://linuxize.com/post/how-to-use-dig-command-to-query-dns-in-linux/)\n*   [What is DNS?](https://www.cloudflare.com/en-gb/learning/dns/what-is-dns/)\n\n`SCP` is an acronym for Secure Copy [Protocol.It](http://Protocol.It) is a command line utility that allows the user to securely copy files and directories between two locations usually between unix or linux systems.The protocol ensures the transmission of files is encrypted to prevent anyone with suspicious intentions from getting sensitive information.`SCP` uses encryption over an `SSH` (Secure Shell) connection, this ensures that the data being transferred is protected from suspicious attacks.",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "10 SCP command examples",
+        "url": "https://www.tecmint.com/scp-commands-examples/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "SCP command explained",
+        "url": "https://phoenixnap.com/kb/linux-scp-command",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "cUifrP7v55psTb20IZndf": {
+    "title": "Text Manipulation",
+    "description": "Some of the most common commands you will use in the terminal are text manipulation commands. These commands allow you to search, replace, and manipulate text in files and streams. Here are some of the most common commands you will use:\n\n*   `awk` - A programming language designed for text processing and typically used as a data extraction and reporting tool.\n*   `sed` - A stream editor for filtering and transforming text.\n*   `grep` - A command-line utility for searching plain-text data sets for lines that match a regular expression.\n*   `sort` - A command-line utility for sorting lines of text files.\n*   `cut` - A command-line utility for cutting sections from each line of files.\n*   `uniq` - A command-line utility for reporting or omitting repeated lines.\n*   `cat` - A command-line utility for concatenating files and printing on the standard output.\n*   `echo` - A command-line utility for displaying a line of text.\n*   `fmt` - A command-line utility for simple optimal text formatting.\n*   `tr` - A command-line utility for translating or deleting characters.\n*   `nl` - A command-line utility for numbering lines of files.\n*   `wc` - A command-line utility for printing newline, word, and byte counts for files.\n\n`awk` is a general-purpose scripting language used for manipulating data or text and generating reports in the Linux world. It is mostly used for pattern scanning and processing. It searches one or more files to see if they contain lines that match the specified patterns and then performs the associated actions.\n\n*   [@article@How AWK works?](https://linuxize.com/post/awk-command/)\n*   [@video@Linux Crash Course - awk](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oPEnvuj9QrI)\n\n`sed`(**S**tream **Ed**itor) command in UNIX can perform lots of functions on file like searching, finding and replacing, insertion or deletion. By using SED you can edit files even without opening them in editors like [VI Editor](https://www.redhat.com/sysadmin/introduction-vi-editor).\n\n*   [@article@Detailed Manual](https://www.gnu.org/software/sed/manual/sed.html)\n*   [@video@Linux Crash Course - The sed Command](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nXLnx8ncZyE&t=218s)\n\nThe `grep` command (**g**lobal search for **r**egular **e**xpression and **p**rint out) searches file(s) for a particular pattern of characters, and displays all lines that contain that pattern. It can be used with other commands like `ps` making it more useful.\n\n*   [@article@Detailed Manual](https://www.gnu.org/software/grep/manual/grep.html)\n*   [@video@Linux Crash Course - The grep Command](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tc_jntovCM0)\n\n`sort` command is used to sort the contents of a file in a particular order. By default, it sorts a file assuming the contents are in ASCII. But it also can also be used to sort numerically by using appropriate options.\n\n*   [@article@Options](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sort_\\(Unix\\))\n\nThe cut utility cuts out selected portions of each line (as specified by list) from each file and writes them to the standard output.\n\n*   [@article@cut Documentation](https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man1/cut.1.html)\n*   [@article@cut Cheat Sheet](https://bencane.com/2012/10/22/cheat-sheet-cutting-text-with-cut/)\n\nThe uniq utility reads the specified input\\_file comparing adjacent lines, and writes a copy of each unique input line to the output\\_file.\n\n*   [@article@uniq Documentation](https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man1/uniq.1.html)\n\n`cat` (concatenate) command is very frequently used in Linux. It reads data from the file and gives its content as output. It helps us to create, view, and concatenate files.\n\n*   [@article@Cat Command with examples](https://www.tecmint.com/13-basic-cat-command-examples-in-linux/)\n*   [@article@Options](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat_\\(Unix\\))\n\n`echo` is a built-in command in Linux used to display lines of text/string that are passed as an argument. It is mostly used in shell scripts and batch files to output status text or `ENV` variables to the screen or a file.\n\n*   [@article@Echo command with Examples](https://www.tecmint.com/echo-command-in-linux/)\n*   [@video@Linux Crash Course - The echo Command](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S_ySzMHxMjw)\n\n`fmt` command is for formatting and optimizing contents in text files. It will be really useful when it comes to beautify large text files by setting uniform column width and spaces.\n\n*   [@article@Fmt command with Examples](https://www.devopsroles.com/fmt-command-in-linux-with-example/)\n\nThe tr utility copies the standard input to the standard output with substitution or deletion of selected characters.\n\n*   [@article@tr Documentation](https://linuxcommand.org/lc3_man_pages/tr1.html)\n*   [@article@tr Cheat Sheet](https://linuxopsys.com/topics/tr-command-in-linux)\n\nThe nl utility reads lines from the named file or the standard input if the file argument is omitted, applies a configurable line numbering filter operation and writes the result to the standard output.\n\n*   [@article@nl Documentation](https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man1/nl.1.html)\n\nThe wc utility displays the number of lines, words, and bytes contained in each input file, or standard input (if no file is specified) to the standard output.",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "wc Documentation",
+        "url": "https://linux.die.net/man/1/wc",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "wc Cheat Sheet",
+        "url": "https://onecompiler.com/cheatsheets/wc",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "syBIAL1mHbJLnTBoSxXI7": {
+    "title": "Bash",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Interactive Shell Scripting Tutorial",
+        "url": "https://www.learnshell.org/en/Welcome",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Bash",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/bash?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "z6IBekR8Xl-6f8WEb05Nw": {
+    "title": "Power Shell",
+    "description": "Windows PowerShell is a command-line shell and scripting language designed specifically for system administration. Its counterpart in Linux is called Bash Scripting. Built on the .NET Framework, Windows PowerShell enables IT professionals to control and automate the administration of the Windows operating system and applications that run in a Windows Server environment.",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "PowerShell Documentation",
+        "url": "https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about PowerShell",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/powershell?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "Jt8BmtLUH6fHT2pGKoJs3": {
+    "title": "Vim / Nano /  Emacs",
+    "description": "Editors are tools that allow you to create or edit files on your file system.\n\nVim\n---\n\nVim is a highly configurable text editor built to make creating and changing any kind of text very efficient. It is included as \"vi\" with most UNIX systems and with macOS X.\n\nVim ships with `vimtutor` that is a tutor designed to describe enough of the Vim commands that you will be able to easily use Vim as an all-purpose editor.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Vim",
+        "url": "https://www.vim.org",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Vim help files",
+        "url": "https://vimhelp.org/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Vim Tips Wiki",
+        "url": "https://vim.fandom.com/wiki/Vim_Tips_Wiki",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Vim Adventures",
+        "url": "https://vim-adventures.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "GNU Nano",
+        "url": "https://www.nano-editor.org/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "GNU Nano Manual",
+        "url": "https://www.nano-editor.org/dist/latest/nano.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "PowerShell Documentation",
+        "url": "https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "GNU Emacs",
+        "url": "https://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "GNU Emacs Documentation",
+        "url": "https://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/documentation.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "LvhFmlxz5uIy7k_nzx2Bv": {
+    "title": "Version Control Systems",
+    "description": "Version control/source control systems allow developers to track and control changes to code over time. These services often include the ability to make atomic revisions to code, branch/fork off of specific points, and to compare versions of code. They are useful in determining the who, what, when, and why code changes were made.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Git",
+        "url": "https://git-scm.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is Version Control?",
+        "url": "https://www.atlassian.com/git/tutorials/what-is-version-control",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "uyDm1SpOQdpHjq9zBAdck": {
+    "title": "Git",
+    "description": "[Git](https://git-scm.com/) is a free and open source distributed version control system designed to handle everything from small to very large projects with speed and efficiency.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Learn Git with Tutorials, News and Tips - Atlassian",
+        "url": "https://www.atlassian.com/git",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Git Cheat Sheet",
+        "url": "https://cs.fyi/guide/git-cheatsheet",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Git",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/git?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Git & GitHub Crash Course For Beginners",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SWYqp7iY_Tc",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "h10BH3OybHcIN2iDTSGkn": {
+    "title": "VCS Hosting",
+    "description": "When working on a team, you often need a remote place to put your code so others can access it, create their own branches, and create or review pull requests. These services often include issue tracking, code review, and continuous integration features. A few popular choices are GitHub, GitLab, BitBucket, and AWS CodeCommit.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "GitHub",
+        "url": "https://github.com/features/",
+        "type": "opensource"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "GitLab",
+        "url": "https://about.gitlab.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "BitBucket",
+        "url": "https://bitbucket.org/product/guides/getting-started/overview",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How to choose the best source code repository",
+        "url": "https://bitbucket.org/product/code-repository",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "ot9I_IHdnq2yAMffrSrbN": {
+    "title": "GitHub",
+    "description": "GitHub is a provider of Internet hosting for software development and version control using Git. It offers the distributed version control and source code management functionality of Git, plus its own features.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "GitHub Website",
+        "url": "https://github.com",
+        "type": "opensource"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "GitHub Documentation",
+        "url": "https://docs.github.com/en/get-started/quickstart",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How to Use Git in a Professional Dev Team",
+        "url": "https://ooloo.io/project/github-flow",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about GitHub",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/github?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is GitHub?",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w3jLJU7DT5E",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Git vs. GitHub: Whats the difference?",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wpISo9TNjfU",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Git and GitHub for Beginners",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RGOj5yH7evk",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Git and GitHub - CS50 Beyond 2019",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eulnSXkhE7I",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "oQIB0KE0BibjIYmxrpPZS": {
+    "title": "GitLab",
+    "description": "GitLab is a provider of internet hosting for software development and version control using Git. It offers the distributed version control and source code management functionality of Git, plus its own features.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "GitLab Website",
+        "url": "https://gitlab.com/",
+        "type": "opensource"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "GitLab Documentation",
+        "url": "https://docs.gitlab.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about GitLab",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/gitlab?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "Z7SsBWgluZWr9iWb2e9XO": {
+    "title": "Bitbucket",
+    "description": "Bitbucket is a Git based hosting and source code repository service that is Atlassian's alternative to other products like GitHub, GitLab etc\n\nBitbucket offers hosting options via Bitbucket Cloud (Atlassian's servers), Bitbucket Server (customer's on-premise) or Bitbucket Data Centre (number of servers in customers on-premise or cloud environment)\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Bitbucket Website",
+        "url": "https://bitbucket.org/product",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "A brief overview of Bitbucket",
+        "url": "https://bitbucket.org/product/guides/getting-started/overview#a-brief-overview-of-bitbucket",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Getting started with Bitbucket",
+        "url": "https://bitbucket.org/product/guides/basics/bitbucket-interface",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Using Git with Bitbucket Cloud",
+        "url": "https://www.atlassian.com/git/tutorials/learn-git-with-bitbucket-cloud",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Bitbucket",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/bitbucket?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Bitbucket tutorial | How to use Bitbucket Cloud",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M44nEyd_5To",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Bitbucket Tutorial | Bitbucket for Beginners",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i5T-DB8tb4A",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "jCWrnQNgjHKyhzd9dwOHz": {
+    "title": "What is and how to setup X ?",
+    "description": "Learn how to setup:\n\n*   Forward Proxy\n*   Reverse Proxy\n*   Load Balancer\n*   Firewall\n*   Caching Server\n*   Web Server",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "F93XnRj0BLswJkzyRggLS": {
+    "title": "Forward Proxy",
+    "description": "Forward Proxy, often called proxy server is a server that sits in front of a group of **client machines**. When those computers make requests to sites and services on the Internet, the proxy server intercepts those requests and then communicates with web servers on behalf of those clients, like a middleman.\n\n**Common Uses:**\n\n*   To block access to certain content\n*   To protect client identity online\n*   To provide restricted internet to organizations\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is Forward Proxy?",
+        "url": "https://www.fortinet.com/resources/cyberglossary/proxy-server",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Forward vs Reverse Proxy",
+        "url": "https://oxylabs.io/blog/reverse-proxy-vs-forward-proxy",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "f3tM2uo6LLSOmyeFfLc7h": {
+    "title": "Firewall",
+    "description": "Firewall is a **network security device** that monitors and filters incoming and outgoing network traffic based on an organization’s previously established security policies. It is a barrier that sits between a private internal network and the public Internet. A firewall’s main purpose is to allow non-threatening traffic in and to keep dangerous traffic out.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is Firewall?",
+        "url": "https://www.checkpoint.com/cyber-hub/network-security/what-is-firewall/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Types of Firewall",
+        "url": "https://www.cisco.com/c/en_in/products/security/firewalls/what-is-a-firewall.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Why do we need Firewalls?",
+        "url": "https://www.tutorialspoint.com/what-is-a-firewall-and-why-do-you-need-one",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Firewall",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/firewall?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Firewalls and Network Security - SimpliLearn",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9GZlVOafYTg",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "ukOrSeyK1ElOt9tTjCkfO": {
+    "title": "Nginx",
+    "description": "NGINX is a powerful web server and uses a non-threaded, event-driven architecture that enables it to outperform Apache if configured correctly. It can also do other important things, such as load balancing, HTTP caching, or be used as a reverse proxy.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Official Website",
+        "url": "https://nginx.org/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Nginx",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/nginx?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "NGINX Explained in 100 Seconds",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JKxlsvZXG7c",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "dF3otkMMN09tgCzci8Jyv": {
+    "title": "Tomcat",
+    "description": "Tomcat is an open source implementation of the Jakarta Servlet, Jakarta Server Pages, Jakarta Expression Language, Jakarta WebSocket, Jakarta Annotations and Jakarta Authentication specifications. These specifications are part of the Jakarta EE platform.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Tomcat Website",
+        "url": "https://tomcat.apache.org/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Official Documentation(Tomcat 10.0)",
+        "url": "https://tomcat.apache.org/tomcat-10.0-doc/index.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Apache Tomcat",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/c/ApacheTomcatOfficial",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "0_GMTcMeZv3A8dYkHRoW7": {
+    "title": "Apache",
+    "description": "Apache is a free, open-source HTTP server, available on many operating systems, but mainly used on Linux distributions. It is one of the most popular options for web developers, as it accounts for over 30% of all the websites, as estimated by W3Techs.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Apache Server Website",
+        "url": "https://httpd.apache.org/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Apache",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/apache?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is Apache Web Server?",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kaaenHXO4t4",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "54UZNO2q8M5FiA_XbcU_D": {
+    "title": "Caddy",
+    "description": "Caddy is an open-source web server with automatic HTTPS written in Go. It is easy to configure and use, and it is a great choice for small to medium-sized projects.",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Caddy Website",
+        "url": "https://caddyserver.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "5iJOE1QxMvf8BQ_8ssiI8": {
+    "title": "IIS",
+    "description": "Internet Information Services (IIS) for Windows® Server is a flexible, secure and manageable Web server for hosting anything on the Web.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Official Website",
+        "url": "https://www.iis.net/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about .NET",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/.net?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Learn Windows Web Server IIS",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1VdxPWwtISA",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "R4XSY4TSjU1M7cW66zUqJ": {
+    "title": "Caching Server",
+    "description": "A cache server is a **dedicated network server** or service acting as a server that saves Web pages or other Internet content locally. By placing previously requested information in temporary storage, or cache, a cache server both speeds up access to data and reduces demand on an enterprise's bandwidth.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is Caching?",
+        "url": "https://www.cloudflare.com/en-gb/learning/cdn/what-is-caching/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is Cache Server?",
+        "url": "https://networkencyclopedia.com/cache-server/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Site Cache vs Browser Cache vs Server Cache",
+        "url": "https://wp-rocket.me/blog/different-types-of-caching/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "i8Sd9maB_BeFurULrHXNq": {
+    "title": "Load Balancer",
+    "description": "Load Balancer acts as the **traffic cop** sitting in front of your servers and routing client requests across all servers capable of fulfilling those requests in a manner that maximizes speed and capacity utilization and ensures that no one server is overworked. If one of the servers goes down, the load balancer redirects traffic to the remaining online servers.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is Load Balancing?",
+        "url": "https://www.nginx.com/resources/glossary/load-balancing/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Load Balancing concepts and algorithms",
+        "url": "https://www.cloudflare.com/en-gb/learning/performance/what-is-load-balancing/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "eGF7iyigl57myx2ejpmNC": {
+    "title": "Reverse Proxy",
+    "description": "A Reverse Proxy server is a type of proxy server that typically sits behind the firewall in a private network and directs client requests to the appropriate backend server. It provides an additional level of security by hiding the server related details like `IP Address` to clients. It is also known as **server side proxy**.\n\n**Common Uses:**\n\n*   Load balancing\n*   Web acceleration\n*   Security and anonymity\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is Reverse Proxy?",
+        "url": "https://www.cloudflare.com/en-gb/learning/cdn/glossary/reverse-proxy/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "NGINX documentation",
+        "url": "https://www.nginx.com/resources/glossary/reverse-proxy-server/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "CQhUflAcv1lhBnmDY0gaz": {
+    "title": "Containers",
+    "description": "Containers are a construct in which [cgroups](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cgroups), [namespaces](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux_namespaces), and [chroot](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chroot) are used to fully encapsulate and isolate a process. This encapsulated process, called a container image, shares the kernel of the host with other containers, allowing containers to be significantly smaller and faster than virtual machines.\n\nThese images are designed for portability, allowing for full local testing of a static image, and easy deployment to a container management platform.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What are Containers?",
+        "url": "https://cloud.google.com/learn/what-are-containers",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is a Container?",
+        "url": "https://www.docker.com/resources/what-container/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Articles about Containers - The New Stack",
+        "url": "https://thenewstack.io/category/containers/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Containers",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/containers?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What are Containers?",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLawsLZMfND4nz-WDBZIj8-nbzGFD4S9oz",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "P0acFNZ413MSKElHqCxr3": {
+    "title": "Docker",
+    "description": "Docker is a platform for working with containerized applications. Among its features are a daemon and client for managing and interacting with containers, registries for storing images, and a desktop application to package all these features together.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Docker Documentation",
+        "url": "https://docs.docker.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Docker",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/docker?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Docker Tutorial",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RqTEHSBrYFw",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Docker simplified in 55 seconds",
+        "url": "https://youtu.be/vP_4DlOH1G4",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "qYRJYIZsmf-inMqKECRkI": {
+    "title": "LXC",
+    "description": "LXC is a well-known Linux container runtime that consists of tools, templates, and library and language bindings. It's pretty low level, very flexible and covers just about every containment feature supported by the upstream kernel.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "LXC Website",
+        "url": "https://linuxcontainers.org/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "LXC Documentation",
+        "url": "https://linuxcontainers.org/lxc/documentation/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Getting started with LXC containers",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CWmkSj_B-wo",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "2Wd9SlWGg6QtxgiUVLyZL": {
+    "title": "Cloud Providers",
+    "description": "Cloud providers provide a layer of APIs to abstract infrastructure and provision it based on security and billing boundaries. The cloud runs on servers in data centers, but the abstractions cleverly give the appearance of interacting with a single “platform” or large application. The ability to quickly provision, configure, and secure resources with cloud providers has been key to both the tremendous success and complexity of modern DevOps.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Cloud service provider",
+        "url": "https://www.techtarget.com/searchitchannel/definition/cloud-service-provider-cloud-provider",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What are Cloud Providers?",
+        "url": "https://www.redhat.com/en/topics/cloud-computing/what-are-cloud-providers",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Cloud",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/cloud?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "1ieK6B_oqW8qOC6bdmiJe": {
+    "title": "AWS",
+    "description": "Amazon Web Services has been the market leading cloud computing platform since 2011, ahead of Azure and Google Cloud. AWS offers over 200 services with data centers located all over the globe.\n\nAWS service is an online platform that provides scalable and cost-effective cloud computing solutions. It is broadly adopted cloud platform that offers several on-demand operations like compute power, database storage, content delivery and so on.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "AWS Course for Beginners",
+        "url": "https://www.coursera.org/learn/aws-cloud-technical-essentials?specialization=aws-devops",
+        "type": "course"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "DevOps on AWS Course ",
+        "url": "https://www.coursera.org/specializations/aws-devops?#courses",
+        "type": "course"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "AWS Website",
+        "url": "https://aws.amazon.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "AWS Documentation",
+        "url": "https://docs.aws.amazon.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "AWS Cloud Essentials",
+        "url": "https://aws.amazon.com/getting-started/cloud-essentials/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Overview of Amazon Web Services",
+        "url": "https://docs.aws.amazon.com/whitepapers/latest/aws-overview/introduction.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Sign up for AWS",
+        "url": "https://portal.aws.amazon.com/billing/signup",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How to learn AWS",
+        "url": "https://cs.fyi/guide/how-to-learn-aws/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "AWS Ramp Up Guide",
+        "url": "https://d1.awsstatic.com/training-and-certification/ramp-up_guides/Ramp-Up_Guide_CloudPractitioner.pdf",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Cloud Practitioner Essentials",
+        "url": "https://explore.skillbuilder.aws/learn/course/external/view/elearning/134/aws-cloud-practitioner-essentials",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "AWS Guide by SimpliLearn",
+        "url": "https://www.simplilearn.com/tutorials/aws-tutorial/what-is-aws",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about AWS",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/aws?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "AWS Tutorial for Beginners",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k1RI5locZE4&t=129s",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "AWS Practitioner ",
+        "url": "https://youtu.be/SOTamWNgDKc",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "ctor79Vd7EXDMdrLyUcu_": {
+    "title": "Azure",
+    "description": "Microsoft Azure is a cloud computing service operated by Microsoft. Azure currently provides more than 200 products and cloud services.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Azure Website",
+        "url": "https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Official Documentation",
+        "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Azure Get Started Guide",
+        "url": "https://azure.microsoft.com/en-ca/get-started/#explore-azure",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Get to know Azure",
+        "url": "https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/explore/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Azure",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/azure?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "zYrOxFQkl3KSe67fh3smD": {
+    "title": "Google Cloud",
+    "description": "Google Cloud is Google's cloud computing service offering, providing over 150 products/services to choose from. It consists of a set of physical assets, such as computers and hard disk drives, and virtual resources, such as virtual machines(VMs), that are contained in Google's data centers. It runs on the same infrastructure that Google uses internally for its end-user products, such as Search, Gmail, Google Drive, and YouTube.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Coursera Complete Course for Google Cloud ",
+        "url": "https://www.coursera.org/professional-certificates/cloud-engineering-gcp#courses",
+        "type": "course"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Google Cloud Website",
+        "url": "https://cloud.google.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Official Documentation",
+        "url": "https://cloud.google.com/docs",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Google Cloud Get Started Guide",
+        "url": "https://cloud.google.com/docs/get-started/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "5 Tips to Become a Google Cloud Certified Professional Architect",
+        "url": "https://thenewstack.io/5-tips-to-become-a-google-cloud-certified-professional-architect/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Cloud",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/cloud?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Google Cloud by Edureka on You-Tube",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IUU6OR8yHCc",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "-h-kNVDNzZYnQAR_4lfXc": {
+    "title": "Digital Ocean",
+    "description": "DigitalOcean is a cloud computing service offering products and services in Compute, Storage, Managed Databases, Containers & Images and Networking.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "DigitalOcean Website",
+        "url": "https://www.digitalocean.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Official Documentation",
+        "url": "https://docs.digitalocean.com/products/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "DigitalOcean Get Started Guide",
+        "url": "https://docs.digitalocean.com/products/getting-started/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about DigitalOcean",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/digitalocean?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "YUJf-6ccHvYjL_RzufQ-G": {
+    "title": "Alibaba Cloud",
+    "description": "Alibaba Cloud is a cloud computing service, offering over 100 products and services with data centers in 24 regions and 74 availability zones around the world.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Alibaba Cloud Website",
+        "url": "https://www.alibabacloud.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Official Documentation",
+        "url": "https://www.alibabacloud.com/help/en/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Alibaba Cloud Getting Started Guide",
+        "url": "https://www.alibabacloud.com/getting-started",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Cloud",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/cloud?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "I327qPYGMcdayRR5WT0Ek": {
+    "title": "Hetzner",
+    "description": "Hetzner is a German hosting provider that offers a wide range of services, including dedicated servers, cloud servers, and colocation. They are known for their high-quality hardware, competitive pricing, and excellent customer support.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more about Hetzner:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Hetzner Website",
+        "url": "https://www.hetzner.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "FaPf567JGRAg1MBlFj9Tk": {
+    "title": "Heroku ",
+    "description": "Heroku is a cloud platform as a service subsidiary of Salesforce. Heroku officially supports Node.js, Ruby, Java, PHP, Python, Go, Scala and Clojure, along with any language that runs on Linux via a third-party build pack.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Heroku Website",
+        "url": "https://www.heroku.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Official Documentation",
+        "url": "https://devcenter.heroku.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Heroku Get Started Guide",
+        "url": "https://devcenter.heroku.com/start",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Heroku",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/heroku?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "eJZdjheptmiwKsVokt7Io": {
+    "title": "Contabo",
+    "description": "Contabo offers a wide range of hosting services, from VPS to dedicated servers. They are known for their low prices and high performance.\n\nVisit the following link to learn more about Contabo:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Contabo - Official Website",
+        "url": "https://contabo.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "RDLmML_HS2c8J4D_U_KYe": {
+    "title": "FTP / SFTP",
+    "description": "File Transfer Protocol(FTP) is `TCP/IP` based application layer communication protocol that helps transferring files between local and remote file systems over the network. To transfer a file, 2 TCP connections(control connection and data connection) are used in parallel.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "FTP vs SFTP vs FTPS",
+        "url": "https://www.fortinet.com/resources/cyberglossary/file-transfer-protocol-ftp-meaning",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "Vu955vdsYerCG8G6suqml": {
+    "title": "DNS",
+    "description": "DNS (**D**omain **N**ame **S**ystem) is the phonebook of the Internet. Humans access information online through domain names, like [nytimes.com](http://nytimes.com) or [espn.com](http://espn.com). Web browsers interact through Internet Protocol (IP) addresses. DNS translates domain names to IP addresses so browsers can load Internet resources.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is DNS?",
+        "url": "https://www.cloudflare.com/en-gb/learning/dns/what-is-dns/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "HOw DNS works (comic)",
+        "url": "https://howdns.works/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about DNS",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/dns?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "DNS and How does it Work?",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wj0od2ag5sk",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "DNS Records",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7lxgpKh_fRY",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "ke-8MeuLx7AS2XjSsPhxe": {
+    "title": "HTTP",
+    "description": "HTTP is the `TCP/IP` based application layer communication protocol which standardizes how the client and server communicate with each other. It defines how the content is requested and transmitted across the internet.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Everything you need to know about HTTP",
+        "url": "https://cs.fyi/guide/http-in-depth",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is HTTP?",
+        "url": "https://www.cloudflare.com/en-gb/learning/ddos/glossary/hypertext-transfer-protocol-http/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "An overview of HTTP",
+        "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Overview",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "HTTP/3 From A To Z: Core Concepts",
+        "url": "https://www.smashingmagazine.com/2021/08/http3-core-concepts-part1/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "HTTP Crash Course & Exploration",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iYM2zFP3Zn0",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "AJO3jtHvIICj8YKaSXl0U": {
+    "title": "HTTPS",
+    "description": "HTTPS (**H**ypertext **T**ransfer **P**rotocol **S**ecure) is the secure version of HTTP, which is the primary protocol used to send data between a web browser and a website.\n\n`HTTPS = HTTP + SSL/TLS`\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is HTTPS?",
+        "url": "https://www.cloudflare.com/en-gb/learning/ssl/what-is-https/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Why HTTPS Matters",
+        "url": "https://developers.google.com/web/fundamentals/security/encrypt-in-transit/why-https",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Enabling HTTPS on Your Servers",
+        "url": "https://developers.google.com/web/fundamentals/security/encrypt-in-transit/enable-https",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How HTTPS works (comic)",
+        "url": "https://howhttps.works/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "0o6ejhfpmO4S8A6djVWva": {
+    "title": "SSL / TLS",
+    "description": "Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) and Transport Layer Security (TLS) are cryptographic protocols used to provide security in internet communications. These protocols encrypt the data that is transmitted over the web, so anyone who tries to intercept packets will not be able to interpret the data. One difference that is important to know is that SSL is now deprecated due to security flaws, and most modern web browsers no longer support it. But TLS is still secure and widely supported, so preferably use TLS.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Cloudflare - What is SSL?",
+        "url": "https://www.cloudflare.com/learning/ssl/what-is-ssl/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Cloudflare - What is TLS?",
+        "url": "https://www.cloudflare.com/en-gb/learning/ssl/transport-layer-security-tls/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Wikipedia - SSL/TLS",
+        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_Layer_Security",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "SSH vs SSL vs TLS",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k3rFFLmQCuY",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "wcIRMLVm3SdEJWF9RPfn7": {
+    "title": "SSH",
+    "description": "The SSH (**S**ecure **Sh**ell) is a network communication protocol that enables two computers to communicate over an insecure network. It is a secure alternative to the non-protected login protocols (such as telnet, rlogin) and insecure file transfer methods (such as FTP). It is mostly used for secure Remote Login and File Transfer.\n\n`SFTP = FTP + SSH`\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "SSH Intro",
+        "url": "https://www.baeldung.com/cs/ssh-intro",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is SSH?",
+        "url": "https://www.ssh.com/academy/ssh/protocol",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "SFTP using SSH",
+        "url": "https://www.goanywhere.com/blog/how-sftp-works",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about SSH",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/ssh?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "E-lSLGzgOPrz-25ER2Hk7": {
+    "title": "White / Grey Listing",
+    "description": "White listing is a process of adding an email to an approved sender list, so emails from that sender are never moved to the spam folder. This tells an email server to move messages to the inbox directly.\n\n`Greylisting` is a method of protecting e-mail users against spam. A mail transfer agent (MTA) using greylisting will \"temporarily reject\" any email from a sender it does not recognize. If the mail is legitimate, the originating server will try again after a delay, and the email will be accepted if sufficient time has elapsed.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Basic Introduction to whitelisting",
+        "url": "https://www.cblohm.com/blog/education-marketing-trends/what-is-email-whitelisting/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Detailed Introduction to greylisting",
+        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greylisting_(email)",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "zJy9dOynWgLTDKI1iBluG": {
+    "title": "SMTP",
+    "description": "Email is emerging as one of the most valuable services on the internet today. Most internet systems use SMTP as a method to transfer mail from one user to another. SMTP is a push protocol and is used to send the mail whereas POP (post office protocol) or IMAP (internet message access protocol) are used to retrieve those emails at the receiver’s side.\n\nSMTP is an application layer protocol. The client who wants to send the mail opens a TCP connection to the SMTP server and then sends the mail across the connection. The SMTP server is an always-on listening mode. As soon as it listens for a TCP connection from any client, the SMTP process initiates a connection through port 25. After successfully establishing a TCP connection the client process sends the mail instantly.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "5vUKHuItQfkarp7LtACvX": {
+    "title": "DMARC",
+    "description": "DMARC stands for Domain-based Message Authentication, Reporting, and Conformance, is an authentication method on the email that is built to protect domain email from invalid email addresses or commonly known as email spoofing, email attacks, phishing, scams, and other threat activities.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "DMARC Official Website",
+        "url": "https://dmarc.org/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Security",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/security?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "WMuXqa4b5wyRuYAQKQJRj": {
+    "title": "IMAPS",
+    "description": "IMAP (port 143) or IMAPS (port 993) allows you to access your email wherever you are, from any device. When you read an email message using IMAP, you aren't actually downloading or storing it on your computer; instead, you're reading it from the email service. As a result, you can check your email from different devices, anywhere in the world: your phone, a computer, a friend's computer.\n\nIMAP only downloads a message when you click on it, and attachments aren't automatically downloaded. This way you're able to check your messages a lot more quickly than POP.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Wikipedia: Internet Message Access Protocol",
+        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Message_Access_Protocol",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is IMAP and How To Use It | Email Tutorial",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cfXabGOA2s8",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "ewcJfnDFKXN8I5TLpXEaB": {
+    "title": "SPF",
+    "description": "Sender Policy Framework (SPF) is used to authenticate the sender of an email. With an SPF record in place, Internet Service Providers can verify that a mail server is authorized to send email for a specific domain. An SPF record is a DNS TXT record containing a list of the IP addresses that are allowed to send email on behalf of your domain.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is a DNS SPF record?",
+        "url": "https://www.cloudflare.com/learning/dns/dns-records/dns-spf-record/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "SPF Overview",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WFPYrAr1boU",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "fzO6xVTBxliu24f3W5zaU": {
+    "title": "POP3S",
+    "description": "POP3 (port 110) or POP3s (port 995) stands for The Post Office Protocol. It's an Internet standard protocol used by local email software clients to retrieve emails from a remote mail server over a TCP/IP connection.\n\nEmail servers hosted by Internet service providers also use POP3 to receive and hold emails intended for their subscribers. Periodically, these subscribers will use email client software to check their mailbox on the remote server and download any emails addressed to them.\n\nOnce the email client has downloaded the emails, they are usually deleted from the server, although some email clients allow users to specify that mails be copied or saved on the server for a period of time.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is POP3?",
+        "url": "https://www.techtarget.com/whatis/definition/POP3-Post-Office-Protocol-3",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "RYCD78msIR2BPJoIP71aj": {
+    "title": "Domain Keys",
+    "description": "DomainKeys Identified Mail (DKIM) is an email authentication method designed to detect forged sender addresses in email (email spoofing), a technique often used in phishing and email spam.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "DomainKeys Identified Mail",
+        "url": "https://www.brainkart.com/article/DomainKeys-Identified-Mail_8493/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "QZ7bkY-MaEgxYoPDP3nma": {
+    "title": "OSI Model",
+    "description": "Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model is a **conceptual** model consists of 7 layers, that was proposed to standardize the communication between devices over the network. It was the first standard model for network communications, adopted by all major computer and telecommunication companies in the early 1980s.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is OSI Model?",
+        "url": "https://www.cloudflare.com/en-gb/learning/ddos/glossary/open-systems-interconnection-model-osi/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "OSI Model",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dV8mjZd1OtU",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "OSI vs TCP/IP Model",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F5rni9fr1yE",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "w5d24Sf8GDkLDLGUPxzS9": {
+    "title": "Networking & Protocols",
+    "description": "As a DevOps engineer you will need to understand the basics of networking protocols, how they work, and how they are used in the real world. To get you started, you should learn about, [TCP/IP](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_protocol_suite), [HTTP](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertext_Transfer_Protocol), [HTTPS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTTPS), [FTP](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File_Transfer_Protocol), [SSH](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secure_Shell), [SMTP](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simple_Mail_Transfer_Protocol), [DNS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domain_Name_System), [DHCP](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic_Host_Configuration_Protocol), [NTP](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_Time_Protocol).\n\nHere are some of the resources to learn about SSH:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Cloudflare - What is SSL?",
+        "url": "https://www.cloudflare.com/learning/ssl/what-is-ssl/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Cloudflare - What is TLS?",
+        "url": "https://www.cloudflare.com/en-gb/learning/ssl/transport-layer-security-tls/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Everything you need to know about HTTP",
+        "url": "https://cs.fyi/guide/http-in-depth",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is HTTP?",
+        "url": "https://www.cloudflare.com/en-gb/learning/ddos/glossary/hypertext-transfer-protocol-http/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is HTTPS?",
+        "url": "https://www.cloudflare.com/en-gb/learning/ssl/what-is-https/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is DNS?",
+        "url": "https://www.cloudflare.com/en-gb/learning/dns/what-is-dns/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "OpenSSH Full Guide",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YS5Zh7KExvE",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "SSH vs SSL vs TLS",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k3rFFLmQCuY",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "DNS and How does it Work?",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wj0od2ag5sk",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "DNS Records",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7lxgpKh_fRY",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "9p_ufPj6QH9gHbWBQUmGw": {
+    "title": "Serverless",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is Serverless?",
+        "url": "https://www.redhat.com/en/topics/cloud-native-apps/what-is-serverless",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Serverless",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/serverless?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "LZDRgDxEZ3klp2PrrJFBX": {
+    "title": "Vercel",
+    "description": "Vercel is a provider of front-end cloud that provides the infrastructure to build, scale, and secure a faster, more personalized web. In other words, it is a cloud platform designed to simplify the deployment process for web applications, particularly those built with modern frameworks like React, Next, etc. where various projects can be deployed by connecting the GitHub repository in Vercel we can deploy the selected GitHub branch to the Vercel domains. Simultaneously, it provides custom domains to deploy code on live servers. These servers contain the `vercel.app` as the suffix in the domain.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Official Website",
+        "url": "https://vercel.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Official Docs",
+        "url": "https://vercel.com/docs",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Vercel",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/vercel?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Vercel: Product Walkthrough ",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sPmat30SE4k",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "l8VAewSEXzoyqYFhoplJj": {
+    "title": "Cloudflare",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Cloudflare Documentation",
+        "url": "https://developers.cloudflare.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Cloudflare",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/cloudflare?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "mlrlf2McMI7IBhyEdq0Nf": {
+    "title": "Azure Functions",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Azure Functions Overview",
+        "url": "https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-functions/functions-overview",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Azure",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/azure?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "UfQrIJ-uMNJt9H_VM_Q5q": {
+    "title": "AWS Lambda",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "AWS Lambda Introduction",
+        "url": "https://docs.aws.amazon.com/lambda/latest/operatorguide/intro.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about AWS",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/aws?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "hCKODV2b_l2uPit0YeP1M": {
+    "title": "Netlify",
+    "description": "Netlify Functions are serverless functions that allow developers to run server-side code in a JAMstack environment without managing servers. They are built on AWS Lambda and automatically deploy alongside your Netlify site. These functions can handle tasks like API requests, form submissions, and database operations, enabling dynamic functionality in static sites. They support various languages including JavaScript, TypeScript, and Go. Netlify Functions integrate seamlessly with Netlify's deployment pipeline, offering easy development, testing, and production deployment.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Official Documentation",
+        "url": "https://docs.netlify.com/platform/primitives/#functions",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Introducing Netlify Functions 2.0",
+        "url": "https://www.netlify.com/blog/introducing-netlify-functions-2-0/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "1oYvpFG8LKT1JD6a_9J0m": {
+    "title": "Provisioning",
+    "description": "Tools in this category are used to provision infrastructure in cloud providers. This includes DNS, networking, security policies, servers, containers, and a whole host of vendor-specific constructs. In this category, the use of cloud provider-agnostic tooling is strongly encouraged. These skills can be applied across most cloud providers, and the more specific domain-specific languages tend to have less reach.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "XA__697KgofsH28coQ-ma": {
+    "title": "AWS CDK",
+    "description": "The AWS Cloud Development Kit (AWS CDK) is an open-source software development framework used to provision cloud infrastructure resources in a safe, repeatable manner through AWS CloudFormation. AWS CDK offers the flexibility to write infrastructure as code in popular languages like JavaScript, TypeScript, Python, Java, C#, and Go.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "AWS CDK Examples",
+        "url": "https://github.com/aws-samples/aws-cdk-examples",
+        "type": "opensource"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "AWS CDK Website",
+        "url": "https://aws.amazon.com/cdk/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Official Documentation",
+        "url": "https://docs.aws.amazon.com/cdk/index.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is the AWS CDK?",
+        "url": "https://docs.aws.amazon.com/cdk/v2/guide/home.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "AWS SDK Getting Started Guide",
+        "url": "https://docs.aws.amazon.com/cdk/v2/guide/getting_started.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about AWS",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/aws?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "TgBb4aL_9UkyU36CN4qvS": {
+    "title": "CloudFormation",
+    "description": "CloudFormation is the AWS service that helps to define collections of AWS resources. CloudFormation lets you model, provision, and manage AWS and third-party resources by treating infrastructure as code.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "AWS CloudFormation Website",
+        "url": "https://aws.amazon.com/cloudformation/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Official Documentation",
+        "url": "https://docs.aws.amazon.com/cloudformation/index.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "AWS CloudFormation Getting Started Guide",
+        "url": "https://aws.amazon.com/cloudformation/getting-started/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "CloudFormation Sample Templates",
+        "url": "https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSCloudFormation/latest/UserGuide/cfn-sample-templates.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about AWS CloudFormation",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/aws-cloudformation?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "O0xZ3dy2zIDbOetVrgna6": {
+    "title": "Pulumi",
+    "description": "Pulumi is an open source Infrastructure as Code tool that can be written in TypeScript, JavaScript, Python, Go, .NET, Java, and YAML to model cloud infrastructure.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Pulumi Website",
+        "url": "https://www.pulumi.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Official Documentation",
+        "url": "https://www.pulumi.com/docs/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Pulumi Getting Started Guide",
+        "url": "https://www.pulumi.com/docs/get-started/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Pulumi",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/pulumi?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "nUBGf1rp9GK_pbagWCP9g": {
+    "title": "Terraform",
+    "description": "Terraform is an extremely popular open source Infrastructure as Code (IaC) tool that can be used with many different cloud and service provider APIs. Terraform focuses on an immutable approach to infrastructure, with a terraform state file center to tracking the status of your real world infrastructure.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Terraform Website",
+        "url": "https://www.terraform.io/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Terraform Documentation",
+        "url": "https://www.terraform.io/docs",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Terraform Tutorials",
+        "url": "https://learn.hashicorp.com/terraform",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Terraform CDK Website",
+        "url": "https://www.terraform.io/cdktf",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is the CDKTF?",
+        "url": "https://www.terraform.io/cdktf/concepts/cdktf-architecture",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "CDKTF Getting Started Guide",
+        "url": "https://learn.hashicorp.com/tutorials/terraform/cdktf-install?in=terraform/cdktf",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "CDKTF Examples",
+        "url": "https://www.terraform.io/cdktf/examples",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How to Scale Your Terraform Infrastructure",
+        "url": "https://thenewstack.io/how-to-scale-your-terraform-infrastructure/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Terraform",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/terraform?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Intro to Terraform Video",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h970ZBgKINg&ab_channel=HashiCorp",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "V9sOxlNOyRp0Mghl7zudv": {
+    "title": "Configuration Management",
+    "description": "Configuration management is a systems engineering process for establishing consistency of a product’s attributes throughout its life. In the technology world, configuration management is an IT management process that tracks individual configuration items of an IT system. IT systems are composed of IT assets that vary in granularity. An IT asset may represent a piece of software, or a server, or a cluster of servers. The following focuses on configuration management as it directly applies to IT software assets and software asset CI/CD.\n\nSoftware configuration management is a systems engineering process that tracks and monitors changes to a software systems configuration metadata. In software development, configuration management is commonly used alongside version control and CI/CD infrastructure. This post focuses on its modern application and use in agile CI/CD software environments.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is configuration management?",
+        "url": "https://www.atlassian.com/microservices/microservices-architecture/configuration-management",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "h9vVPOmdUSeEGVQQaSTH5": {
+    "title": "Ansible",
+    "description": "Ansible is an open-source configuration management, application deployment and provisioning tool that uses its own declarative language in YAML. Ansible is agentless, meaning you only need remote connections via SSH or Windows Remote Management via Powershell in order to function\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Ansible Website",
+        "url": "https://www.ansible.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Official Documentation",
+        "url": "https://docs.ansible.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Ansible Getting Started Guide",
+        "url": "https://www.ansible.com/resources/get-started",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Ansible",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/ansible?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Ansible Full Course for Beginners",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9Ua2b06oAr4",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "kv508kxzUj_CjZRb-TeRv": {
+    "title": "Chef",
+    "description": "Emerging in 2009, [Chef](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progress_Chef) (now known as Progress Chef) is one of the earliest configuration management tools to gain popularity. Chef \"Recipes\" are written in Ruby, in a primarily [declarative](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Declarative_programming) style.\n\nChef requires that a client is installed on a server being managed. This client polls a Chef-Server regularly, to determine what its configuration should be. Chef-Solo is also available, a version of Chef that allows provisioning of a single node by running chef locally.\n\nA key tenet of Chef recipe design is the concept of [idempotence](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idempotence). All Chef recipes should be runnable multiple times and produce the same result - this is especially necessary in cases where the client/server model listed above is in use. This pattern of configuration management is highly influential for future declarative tools like Terraform and Cloud Formation.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Chef Website",
+        "url": "https://www.chef.io/products/chef-infra",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Chef Tutorial",
+        "url": "https://www.tutorialspoint.com/chef/index.htm",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Chef",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/chef?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "yP1y8U3eblpzbaLiCGliU": {
+    "title": "Puppet",
+    "description": "Puppet, an automated administrative engine for your Linux, Unix, and Windows systems, performs administrative tasks (such as adding users, installing packages, and updating server configurations) based on a centralized specification.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Puppet Website",
+        "url": "https://puppet.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Official Documentation",
+        "url": "https://puppet.com/docs",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Introduction to Puppet",
+        "url": "https://puppet.com/docs/puppet/6/puppet_overview.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Puppet",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/puppet?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "aQJaouIaxIJChM-40M3HQ": {
+    "title": "CI / CD Tools",
+    "description": "CI/CD is a method to frequently deliver apps to customers by introducing automation into the stages of app development. The main concepts attributed to CI/CD are continuous integration, continuous delivery, and continuous deployment. CI/CD is a solution to the problems integrating new code can cause for development and operations teams.\n\nSpecifically, CI/CD introduces ongoing automation and continuous monitoring throughout the lifecycle of apps, from integration and testing phases to delivery and deployment. Taken together, these connected practices are often referred to as a \"CI/CD pipeline\" and are supported by development and operations teams working together in an agile way with either a DevOps or site reliability engineering (SRE) approach.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "CI vs CD",
+        "url": "https://www.atlassian.com/continuous-delivery/principles/continuous-integration-vs-delivery-vs-deployment",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is CI/CD?",
+        "url": "https://www.redhat.com/en/topics/devops/what-is-ci-cd",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "CI/CD Pipeline: A Gentle Introduction",
+        "url": "https://semaphoreci.com/blog/cicd-pipeline",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about CI/CD",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/cicd?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "DevOps CI/CD Explained in 100 Seconds",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=scEDHsr3APg",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "JnWVCS1HbAyfCJzGt-WOH": {
+    "title": "GitHub Actions",
+    "description": "Automate, customize, and execute your software development workflows right in your repository with GitHub Actions. You can discover, create, and share actions to perform any job you'd like, including CI/CD, and combine actions in a completely customized workflow.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "GitHub Actions Documentation",
+        "url": "https://docs.github.com/en/actions",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Learn GitHub Actions",
+        "url": "https://docs.github.com/en/actions/learn-github-actions",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about GitHub",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/github?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "GitHub Actions - Supercharge your GitHub Flow",
+        "url": "https://youtu.be/cP0I9w2coGU",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Automate your Workflow with GitHub Actions",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nyKZTKQS_EQ",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "2KjSLLVTvl2G2KValw7S7": {
+    "title": "GitLab CI",
+    "description": "GitLab offers a CI/CD service that can be used as a SaaS offering or self-managed using your own resources. You can use GitLab CI with any GitLab hosted repository, or any BitBucket Cloud or GitHub repository in the GitLab Premium self-managed, GitLab Premium SaaS and higher tiers.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "GitLab Website",
+        "url": "https://gitlab.com/",
+        "type": "opensource"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "GitLab Documentation",
+        "url": "https://docs.gitlab.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Get Started with GitLab CI",
+        "url": "https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/ci/quick_start/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Learn GitLab Tutorials",
+        "url": "https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/tutorials/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "GitLab CI/CD Examples",
+        "url": "https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/ci/examples/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about GitLab",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/gitlab?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "dUapFp3f0Rum-rf_Vk_b-": {
+    "title": "Jenkins",
+    "description": "Jenkins is an open-source CI/CD automation server. Jenkins is primarily used for building projects, running tests, static code analysis and deployments.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Jenkins Website",
+        "url": "https://www.jenkins.io/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Official Jenkins Handbook",
+        "url": "https://www.jenkins.io/doc/book/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Jenkins Getting Started Guide",
+        "url": "https://www.jenkins.io/doc/pipeline/tour/getting-started/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Jenkins",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/jenkins?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "-pGF3soruWWxwE4LxE5Vk": {
+    "title": "Travis CI",
+    "description": "Travis CI is a CI/CD service that is primarily used for building and testing projects that are hosted on BitBucket and GitHub. Open source projects can utilize Travis CI for free.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Travis CI Website",
+        "url": "https://www.travis-ci.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Travis CI Documentation",
+        "url": "https://docs.travis-ci.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Travis CI Tutorial",
+        "url": "https://docs.travis-ci.com/user/tutorial/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about CI/CD",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/cicd?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "1-JneOQeGhox-CKrdiquq": {
+    "title": "Circle CI",
+    "description": "CircleCI is a CI/CD service that can be integrated with GitHub, BitBucket and GitLab repositories. The service that can be used as a SaaS offering or self-managed using your own resources.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "CircleCI Website",
+        "url": "https://circleci.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "CircleCI Documentation",
+        "url": "https://circleci.com/docs",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Configuration Tutorial",
+        "url": "https://circleci.com/docs/config-intro",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about CI/CD",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/cicd?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "TsXFx1wWikVBVoFUUDAMx": {
+    "title": "Drone",
+    "description": "Drone is a CI/CD service offering by [Harness](https://harness.io/). Each build runs on an isolated Docker container, and Drone integrates with many popular source code management repositories like GitHub, BitBucket and GitLab\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Drone Website",
+        "url": "https://www.drone.io/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Official Documentation",
+        "url": "https://docs.drone.io/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Drone Getting Started Guide",
+        "url": "https://docs.drone.io/server/overview/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "L000AbzF3oLcn4B1eUIYX": {
+    "title": "TeamCity",
+    "description": "TeamCity is a CI/CD service provided by JetBrains. TeamCity can be used as a SaaS offering or self-managed using your own resources.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "TeamCity Website",
+        "url": "https://www.jetbrains.com/teamcity/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Official Documentation",
+        "url": "https://www.jetbrains.com/help/teamcity/teamcity-documentation.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "TeamCity Tutorials",
+        "url": "https://www.jetbrains.com/teamcity/tutorials/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "TeamCity Learning Portal",
+        "url": "https://www.jetbrains.com/teamcity/learn/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about CI/CD",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/cicd?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "hcrPpjFxPi_iLiMdLKJrO": {
+    "title": "Secret Management",
+    "description": "Secret management is an important aspect of DevOps, as it involves securely storing and managing sensitive information, such as passwords, API keys, and other secrets, that are used by applications and infrastructure.\n\nThere are several ways to manage secrets in a cloud environment:\n\n*   Secret stores: A secret store is a specialized database or service that is designed to securely store and manage secrets. Examples of secret stores include Hashicorp Vault, AWS Secrets Manager, and Google Cloud Secret Manager.\n*   Encryption: Secrets can be encrypted using a variety of encryption algorithms and protocols, such as AES, RSA, and PGP. Encrypted secrets can be stored in a variety of locations, such as a file system, a database, or a cloud storage service.\n*   Access controls: Access to secrets should be restricted to only those users or systems that need them, using techniques such as role-based access controls, multi-factor authentication, and least privilege principles.\n\nEffective secret management is essential for maintaining the security and integrity of a DevOps environment. It is important to regularly review and update secret management practices to ensure that secrets are being stored and managed securely.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "How to Manage Secrets in Web Applications?",
+        "url": "https://cs.fyi/guide/secret-management-best-practices",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Secrets management guide — approaches, open source tools, commercial products, challenges and questions",
+        "url": "https://medium.com/@burshteyn/secrets-management-guide-approaches-open-source-tools-commercial-products-challenges-db560fd0584d",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Secret Management Architectures: Finding the balance between security and complexity",
+        "url": "https://medium.com/slalom-technology/secret-management-architectures-finding-the-balance-between-security-and-complexity-9e56f2078e54",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "ZWq23Q9ZNxLNti68oltxA": {
+    "title": "Sealed Secrets",
+    "description": "Sealed Secrets is a tool for securely storing and managing secrets in a Kubernetes environment. It is developed and maintained by Bitnami and is available as open-source software.\n\nIn a Sealed Secrets workflow, secrets are encrypted using a public key and stored as sealed secrets in a Git repository. The sealed secrets can then be deployed to a Kubernetes cluster, where they are decrypted using a private key and made available to the applications and infrastructure that need them.\n\nSealed Secrets is designed to be highly secure and easy to use, with a range of features for managing secrets, including:\n\n*   Encryption: Sealed Secrets uses encryption algorithms and protocols, such as RSA, to securely store secrets.\n*   Access controls: Sealed Secrets supports role-based access controls and multi-factor authentication to ensure that only authorized users or systems can access secrets.\n*   Secret rotation: Sealed Secrets supports automatic secret rotation, allowing secrets to be regularly rotated to reduce the risk of unauthorized access.\n*   Auditing: Sealed Secrets provides auditing capabilities, allowing administrators to track and monitor access to secrets.\n\nSealed Secrets is commonly used in Kubernetes environments to securely store and manage secrets, and it is often used in conjunction with other tools, such as Helm, to automate the deployment and management of cloud-native applications.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Sealed Secrets - Bitnami",
+        "url": "https://github.com/bitnami-labs/sealed-secrets",
+        "type": "opensource"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "yQ4d2uiROZYr950cjYnQE": {
+    "title": "Cloud Specific Tools",
+    "description": "There are several cloud-specific tools for securely storing and managing secrets, such as:\n\n*   AWS Secrets Manager: AWS Secrets Manager is a service provided by Amazon Web Services (AWS) for securely storing and managing secrets. It provides features such as automatic secret rotation and integration with other AWS services.\n*   Google Cloud Secret Manager: Google Cloud Secret Manager is a service provided by Google Cloud for securely storing and managing secrets. It provides features such as automatic secret rotation and integration with other Google Cloud services.\n*   Azure Key Vault: Azure Key Vault is a service provided by Microsoft Azure for securely storing and managing secrets. It provides features such as automatic secret rotation and integration with other Azure services.\n\nThese cloud-specific tools are designed to be used in conjunction with cloud-based applications and infrastructure and are typically integrated with other cloud services, such as container orchestration platforms and continuous delivery pipelines.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "AWS Secrets Manager - Amazon Web Services",
+        "url": "https://aws.amazon.com/secrets-manager/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Google Cloud Secret Manager - Google Cloud",
+        "url": "https://cloud.google.com/secret-manager",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Azure Key Vault - Microsoft Azure",
+        "url": "https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/services/key-vault/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Cloud",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/cloud?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "tZzvs80KzqT8aDvEyjack": {
+    "title": "Vault",
+    "description": "Vault is a tool for securely storing and managing secrets, such as passwords, API keys, and other sensitive information. It is developed and maintained by Hashicorp and is available as open-source software.\n\nVault is designed to be highly scalable and flexible, with a wide range of features for managing secrets, including:\n\n*   Encryption: Vault uses encryption algorithms and protocols, such as AES and RSA, to securely store secrets.\n*   Access controls: Vault supports role-based access controls and multi-factor authentication to ensure that only authorized users or systems can access secrets.\n*   Secret rotation: Vault supports automatic secret rotation, allowing secrets to be regularly rotated to reduce the risk of unauthorized access.\n*   Auditing: Vault provides auditing capabilities, allowing administrators to track and monitor access to secrets.\n\nVault is commonly used in DevOps environments to securely store and manage secrets, and it is often used in conjunction with other tools, such as Kubernetes and Helm, to automate the deployment and management of cloud-native applications.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Vault - Official Website",
+        "url": "https://www.vaultproject.io/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "GHQWHLxsO40kJ6z_YCinJ": {
+    "title": "SOPs",
+    "description": "SOPS (Secrets OPerationS) is an open-source tool for securely storing and managing secrets, such as passwords, API keys, and other sensitive information. It is developed and maintained by Mozilla and is available as a command-line tool and as a library for integration into other applications.\n\nSOPS is designed to be easy to use and highly secure, with a range of features for managing secrets, including:\n\n*   Encryption: SOPS uses encryption algorithms and protocols, such as AES and RSA, to securely store secrets.\n*   Access controls: SOPS supports role-based access controls and multi-factor authentication to ensure that only authorized users or systems can access secrets.\n*   Secret rotation: SOPS supports automatic secret rotation, allowing secrets to be regularly rotated to reduce the risk of unauthorized access.\n*   Auditing: SOPS provides auditing capabilities, allowing administrators to track and monitor access to secrets.\n\nSOPS is commonly used in DevOps environments to securely store and manage secrets, and it is often used in conjunction with other tools, such as Kubernetes and Helm, to automate the deployment and management of cloud-native applications.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Mozilla SOPS - Official Website",
+        "url": "https://github.com/mozilla/sops",
+        "type": "opensource"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "qqRLeTpuoW64H9LvY0U_w": {
+    "title": "Infrastructure Monitoring",
+    "description": "Monitoring refers to the practice of making the performance and status of infrastructure visible. This section contains common tools used for monitoring.\n\nThis is a very vendor-heavy space - use caution when studying materials exclusively from a given product or project, as there are many conflicting opinions and strategies in use. There is no single solution for the most substantially complex internet-facing applications, so understanding the pros and cons of these tools will be useful in helping you plan how to monitor a system for a given goal.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Best Practices to Optimize Infrastructure Monitoring within DevOps Teams",
+        "url": "https://thenewstack.io/best-practices-to-optimize-infrastructure-monitoring-within-devops-teams/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Seven Steps to Effective Cloud Native Infrastructure Monitoring",
+        "url": "https://thenewstack.io/seven-steps-to-effective-cloud-native-infrastructure-monitoring/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Infrastructure",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/infrastructure?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "W9sKEoDlR8LzocQkqSv82": {
+    "title": "Zabbix",
+    "description": "Zabbix is an enterprise-class open source monitoring solution for network monitoring and application monitoring of millions of metrics.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Zabbix Website",
+        "url": "https://www.zabbix.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Official Documentation",
+        "url": "https://www.zabbix.com/manuals",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Zabbix Roadmap",
+        "url": "https://www.zabbix.com/roadmap",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "NiVvRbCOCDpVvif48poCo": {
+    "title": "Prometheus",
+    "description": "Prometheus is a free software application used for event monitoring and alerting. It records real-time metrics in a time series database built using a HTTP pull model, with flexible queries and real-time alerting.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Prometheus Website",
+        "url": "https://prometheus.io/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Official Documentation",
+        "url": "https://prometheus.io/docs/introduction/overview/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Getting Started with Prometheus",
+        "url": "https://prometheus.io/docs/tutorials/getting_started/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Prometheus",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/prometheus?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "bujq_C-ejtpmk-ICALByy": {
+    "title": "Datadog",
+    "description": "Datadog is a monitoring and analytics platform for large-scale applications. It encompasses infrastructure monitoring, application performance monitoring, log management, and user-experience monitoring. Datadog aggregates data across your entire stack with 400+ integrations for troubleshooting, alerting, and graphing.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Datadog Website",
+        "url": "https://www.datadoghq.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Official Documentation",
+        "url": "https://docs.datadoghq.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about DevOps",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/devops?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "niA_96yR7uQ0sc6S_OStf": {
+    "title": "Grafana",
+    "description": "Grafana is the open-source platform for monitoring and observability. It allows you to query, visualize, alert on and understand your metrics no matter where they are stored.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Grafana Website",
+        "url": "https://grafana.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Grafana Official Documentation",
+        "url": "https://grafana.com/docs/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Grafana Community",
+        "url": "https://community.grafana.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Grafana Webinars and Videos",
+        "url": "https://grafana.com/videos/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Grafana",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/grafana?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "gaoZjOYmU0J5aM6vtLNvN": {
+    "title": "Logs Management",
+    "description": "Log management is the process of handling log events generated by all software applications and infrastructure on which they run. It involves log collection, aggregation, parsing, storage, analysis, search, archiving, and disposal, with the ultimate goal of using the data for troubleshooting and gaining business insights, while also ensuring the compliance and security of applications and infrastructure.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Introduction to Logs Management",
+        "url": "https://sematext.com/guides/log-management",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Log Management: What DevOps Teams Need to Know",
+        "url": "https://devops.com/log-management-what-devops-teams-need-to-know/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Logging for Kubernetes: What to Log and How to Log It",
+        "url": "https://thenewstack.io/logging-for-kubernetes-what-to-log-and-how-to-log-it/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "K_qLhK2kKN_uCq7iVjqph": {
+    "title": "Elastic Stack",
+    "description": "Elastic Stack is a group of open source products comprised of Elasticsearch, Kibana, Beats, and Logstash and more that help store, search, analyze, and visualize data from various source, in different format, in real-time.\n\n*   `Elastic Search` - Search and analytics engine\n*   `Logstash/fluentd` - Data processing pipeline\n*   `Kibana` - Dashboard to visualize data\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Elastic Stack Website",
+        "url": "https://www.elastic.co/elastic-stack/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Official Docs",
+        "url": "https://www.elastic.co/guide/index.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Elastic Stack features",
+        "url": "https://www.elastic.co/elastic-stack/features",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Logstash vs Fluentd",
+        "url": "https://logz.io/blog/fluentd-logstash/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about ELK",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/elk?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "s_kss4FJ2KyZRdcKNHK2v": {
+    "title": "Graylog",
+    "description": "Graylog is a leading centralized log management solution for capturing, storing, and enabling real-time analysis of terabytes of machine data.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Graylog Website",
+        "url": "https://www.graylog.org/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Official Documentation",
+        "url": "https://docs.graylog.org/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Product Videos",
+        "url": "https://www.graylog.org/resources-videos",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "dZID_Y_uRTF8JlfDCqeqs": {
+    "title": "Splunk",
+    "description": "The Splunk platform removes the barriers between data and action, empowering observability, IT and security teams to ensure their organizations are secure, resilient and innovative.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Splunk Website",
+        "url": "https://www.splunk.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Official Documentation",
+        "url": "https://docs.splunk.com/Documentation",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Splunk Videos",
+        "url": "https://www.splunk.com/en_us/resources/videos.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Logging",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/logging?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "cjjMZdyLgakyVkImVQTza": {
+    "title": "Papertrail",
+    "description": "Papertrail is a leading centralized log management solution for capturing, storing, and enabling real-time analysis of terabytes of machine data.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Papertrail Website",
+        "url": "https://www.papertrail.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Official Guides",
+        "url": "https://www.papertrail.com/solution/guides/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Official Blog",
+        "url": "https://www.papertrail.com/blog/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "Yq8kVoRf20aL_o4VZU5--": {
+    "title": "Container Orchestration",
+    "description": "Containers are a construct in which [cgroups](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cgroups), [namespaces](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux_namespaces), and [chroot](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chroot) are used to fully encapsulate and isolate a process. This encapsulated process, called a container image, shares the kernel of the host with other containers, allowing containers to be significantly smaller and faster than virtual machines.\n\nThese images are designed for portability, allowing for full local testing of a static image, and easy deployment to a container management platform.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What are Containers?",
+        "url": "https://cloud.google.com/learn/what-are-containers",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is a Container?",
+        "url": "https://www.docker.com/resources/what-container/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Articles about Containers - The New Stack",
+        "url": "https://thenewstack.io/category/containers/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Containers",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/containers?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What are Containers?",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLawsLZMfND4nz-WDBZIj8-nbzGFD4S9oz",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "XbrWlTyH4z8crSHkki2lp": {
+    "title": "GKE / EKS / AKS",
+    "description": "GKE - Google Kubernetes Engine\n------------------------------\n\nGKE is a managed Kubernetes service that lets you deploy, manage, and scale containerized applications on Google Cloud.\n\nEKS - Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service\n---------------------------------------\n\nAmazon Elastic Kubernetes Service (Amazon EKS) is a fully managed Kubernetes service from AWS.\n\nAKS - Azure Kubernetes Service\n------------------------------\n\nAzure Kubernetes Service (AKS) manages your hosted Kubernetes environment, making it quick and easy to deploy and manage containerized applications without container orchestration expertise.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "FE2h-uQy6qli3rKERci1j": {
+    "title": "AWS ECS / Fargate",
+    "description": "ECS is a container orchestration service that allows you to run Docker containers on a cluster of EC2 instances. ECS is a good choice if you want to run Docker containers on EC2 instances and have full control over the underlying infrastructure.\n\nFargate is a serverless container orchestration service that allows you to run Docker containers without having to manage servers, clusters, or any other infrastructure. Fargate is a good choice if you want to run Docker containers without having to manage servers or clusters.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "VD24HC9qJOC42lbpJ-swC": {
+    "title": "Docker Swarm",
+    "description": "A Docker Swarm is a group of either physical or virtual machines that are running the Docker application and that have been configured to join together in a cluster. Once a group of machines have been clustered together, you can still run the Docker commands that you're used to, but they will now be carried out by the machines in your cluster. The activities of the cluster are controlled by a swarm manager, and machines that have joined the cluster are referred to as nodes.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Official Website",
+        "url": "https://www.docker.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Docker Swarm Documentation",
+        "url": "https://docs.docker.com/engine/swarm/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Tutorial: Manage Docker Swarm with Portainer",
+        "url": "https://thenewstack.io/tutorial-manage-docker-swarm-with-portainer/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Tutorial: Create a Docker Swarm with Persistent Storage Using GlusterFS",
+        "url": "https://thenewstack.io/tutorial-create-a-docker-swarm-with-persistent-storage-using-glusterfs/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Docker",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/docker?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Docker Swarm Tutorial for Beginners",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tm0Q5zr3FL4",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "zuBAjrqQPjj-0DHGjCaqT": {
+    "title": "Artifact Management",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "C_sFyIsIIpriZlovvcbSE": {
+    "title": "Artifactory",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Artifactory Website",
+        "url": "https://jfrog.com/artifactory/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Artifactory",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/artifactory?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "ootuLJfRXarVvm3J1Ir11": {
+    "title": "Nexus",
+    "description": "The Nexus Repository Manager is a widely used repository manager software developed by Sonatype. It's designed to manage binary components such as Java libraries, Docker images, npm packages, NuGet packages, and more. Nexus Repository Manager allows organizations to store, manage, and distribute software components securely and efficiently.",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Repository Management Basics",
+        "url": "https://learn.sonatype.com/courses/nxrm-admin-100/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Nexus Installation and Configuration",
+        "url": "https://learn.sonatype.com/courses/nxrm-config-100/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Nexus Repository Security Essentials",
+        "url": "https://learn.sonatype.com/courses/nxrm-sec-100/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Nexus Best Practices",
+        "url": "https://help.sonatype.com/repomanager3/nexus-repository-best-practices",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "vsmE6EpCc2DFGk1YTbkHS": {
+    "title": "Cloud Smith",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "-INN1qTMLimrZgaSPCcHj": {
+    "title": "GitOps",
+    "description": "GitOps is a methodology for managing cloud-native applications and infrastructure using Git as the source of truth. It is based on the idea that all changes to the system, whether they are related to code, configuration, or infrastructure, should be made using Git and that Git should be used to automate the deployment and management of those changes.\n\nIn a GitOps workflow, changes to the system are made by committing code or configuration changes to a Git repository. These changes are then automatically deployed to the production environment using a continuous delivery pipeline. The pipeline is triggered by changes to the Git repository and is responsible for building, testing, and deploying the changes to the production environment.\n\nGitOps is designed to be a more efficient and agile way of managing cloud-native environments, as it allows developers to make changes to the system using familiar tools and processes and it provides a clear and auditable history of all changes to the system. It is often used in conjunction with tools such as Kubernetes and Helm to automate the deployment and management of cloud-native applications.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Guide to GitOps",
+        "url": "https://www.weave.works/technologies/gitops/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about GitOps",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/gitops?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "i-DLwNXdCUUug6lfjkPSy": {
+    "title": "ArgoCD",
+    "description": "Argo CD is a continuous delivery tool for Kubernetes that is based on the GitOps methodology. It is used to automate the deployment and management of cloud-native applications by continuously synchronizing the desired application state with the actual application state in the production environment.\n\nIn an Argo CD workflow, changes to the application are made by committing code or configuration changes to a Git repository. Argo CD monitors the repository and automatically deploys the changes to the production environment using a continuous delivery pipeline. The pipeline is triggered by changes to the Git repository and is responsible for building, testing, and deploying the changes to the production environment.\n\nArgo CD is designed to be a simple and efficient way to manage cloud-native applications, as it allows developers to make changes to the system using familiar tools and processes and it provides a clear and auditable history of all changes to the system. It is often used in conjunction with tools such as Helm to automate the deployment and management of cloud-native applications.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Argo CD - Argo Project",
+        "url": "https://argo-cd.readthedocs.io/en/stable/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about ArgoCD",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/argocd?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "ArgoCD Tutorial for Beginners",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MeU5_k9ssrs",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "6gVV_JUgKgwJb4C8tHZn7": {
+    "title": "FluxCD",
+    "description": "Flux CD is a continuous delivery tool for Kubernetes that is based on the GitOps methodology. It is used to automate the deployment and management of cloud-native applications by continuously synchronizing the desired application state with the actual application state in the production environment.\n\nIn a Flux CD workflow, changes to the application are made by committing code or configuration changes to a Git repository. Flux CD monitors the repository and automatically deploys the changes to the production environment using a continuous delivery pipeline. The pipeline is triggered by changes to the Git repository and is responsible for building, testing, and deploying the changes to the production environment.\n\nFlux CD is designed to be a simple and efficient way to manage cloud-native applications, as it allows developers to make changes to the system using familiar tools and processes and it provides a clear and auditable history of all changes to the system. It is often used in conjunction with tools such as Helm to automate the deployment and management of cloud-native applications.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Flux CD Docs",
+        "url": "https://docs.fluxcd.io/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Flux",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/flux?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "EeWsihH9ehbFKebYoB5i9": {
+    "title": "Service Mesh",
+    "description": "A service mesh, like the open source project Istio, is a way to control how different parts of an application share data with one another. Unlike other systems for managing this communication, a service mesh is a dedicated infrastructure layer built right into an app. This visible infrastructure layer can document how well (or not) different parts of an app interact, so it becomes easier to optimize communication and avoid downtime as an app grows.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Whats a service mesh?",
+        "url": "https://www.redhat.com/en/topics/microservices/what-is-a-service-mesh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "The latest news about service mesh (TNS)",
+        "url": "https://thenewstack.io/category/service-mesh/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Service Mesh",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/service-mesh?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "XsSnqW6k2IzvmrMmJeU6a": {
+    "title": "Istio",
+    "description": "Istio is an open source service mesh platform that provides a way to control how microservices share data with one another. It includes APIs that let Istio integrate into any logging platform, telemetry, or policy system. Istio is designed to run in a variety of environments: on-premise, cloud-hosted, in Kubernetes containers, in services running on virtual machines, and more.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is Istio?",
+        "url": "https://www.redhat.com/en/topics/microservices/what-is-istio",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Istio",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/istio?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "OXOTm3nz6o44p50qd0brN": {
+    "title": "Consul",
+    "description": "Consul is a service mesh solution providing a full featured control plane with service discovery, configuration, and segmentation functionality. Each of these features can be used individually as needed, or they can be used together to build a full service mesh. Consul requires a data plane and supports both a proxy and native integration model. Consul ships with a simple built-in proxy so that everything works out of the box, but also supports 3rd party proxy integrations such as Envoy.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is Consul?",
+        "url": "https://www.consul.io/docs/intro",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about HashiCorp",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/hashicorp?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "hhoSe4q1u850PgK62Ubau": {
+    "title": "Linkerd",
+    "description": "Linkerd is an open source service mesh designed to be deployed into a variety of container schedulers and frameworks such as Kubernetes. It became the original “service mesh” when its creator Buoyant first coined the term in 2016. Like Twitter’s Finagle, on which it was based, Linkerd was first written in Scala and designed to be deployed on a per-host basis. Linkerd is one of the first products to be associated with the term service mesh and supports platforms such as Docker and Kubernetes.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Linkerd Website",
+        "url": "https://linkerd.io/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Linkerd Documentation",
+        "url": "https://linkerd.io/2.11/overview/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is Linkerd?",
+        "url": "https://www.techtarget.com/searchitoperations/definition/Linkerd",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Infrastructure",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/infrastructure?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "epLLYArR16HlhAS4c33b4": {
+    "title": "Envoy",
+    "description": "Originally created at Lyft, Envoy is a high-performance data plane designed for service mesh architectures. Lyft open sourced it and donated it to the CNCF, where it is now one of the CNCF’s graduated open source projects. Envoy is a self contained process that is designed to run alongside every application server. All of the Envoys form a transparent communication mesh in which each application sends and receives messages to and from localhost and is unaware of the network topology.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Envoy Website",
+        "url": "https://www.envoyproxy.io/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Envoy Documentation",
+        "url": "https://www.envoyproxy.io/docs/envoy/latest/start/start",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is Envoy?",
+        "url": "https://www.envoyproxy.io/docs/envoy/latest/intro/what_is_envoy",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Envoy",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/envoy?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "Qc0MGR5bMG9eeM5Zb9PMk": {
+    "title": "Cloud Design Patterns",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "JCe3fcOf-sokTJURyX1oI": {
+    "title": "Availability",
+    "description": "Availability is the percentage of time that a system is functional and working as intended, generally referred to as uptime. Availability can be affected by hardware or software errors, infrastructure problems, malicious attacks, and system load. Many cloud providers typically offer their users a service level agreement (SLA) that specifies the exact percentages of promised uptime/downtime. Availability is related to reliability in this sense. For example, a company might promise 99.99% uptime for their services.\n\nTo achieve high levels of uptime, it is important to eliminate single points of failure so that a single device failure does not disrupt the entire service. High availability in the cloud is often achieved by creating clusters. Clusters are groups of devices (such as servers) that all have access to the same shared storage and function as one single server to provide uninterrupted availability. This way, if one server goes down, the others are able to pick up the load until it comes back online. Clusters can range from two servers to even multiple buildings of servers.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "How High Availability Works in the Cloud",
+        "url": "https://codster.io/en/blog/high-availability-in-the-cloud/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Techniques for Achieving High Availability",
+        "url": "https://www.sqlservercentral.com/articles/cloud-computing-basics-achieving-high-availability-2",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "5FN7iva4DW_lv-r1tijd8": {
+    "title": "Data Management",
+    "description": "Data management is the key element of cloud applications, and influences most of the quality attributes. Data is typically hosted in different locations and across multiple servers for reasons such as performance, scalability or availability, and this can present a range of challenges. For example, data consistency must be maintained, and data will typically need to be synchronized across different locations.\n\nAdditionally data should be protected at rest, in transit, and via authorized access mechanisms to maintain security assurances of confidentiality, integrity, and availability. Refer to the Azure Security Benchmark Data Protection Control for more information.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Data management patterns",
+        "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/architecture/patterns/category/data-management",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Data Management",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/data-management?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "1_NRXjckZ0F8EtEmgixqz": {
+    "title": "Design and Implementation",
+    "description": "Good design encompasses factors such as consistency and coherence in component design and deployment, maintainability to simplify administration and development, and reusability to allow components and subsystems to be used in other applications and in other scenarios. Decisions made during the design and implementation phase have a huge impact on the quality and the total cost of ownership of cloud hosted applications and services.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Design and implementation patterns",
+        "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/architecture/patterns/category/design-implementation",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "8kby89epyullS9W7uKDrs": {
+    "title": "Management and Monitoring",
+    "description": "DevOps management and monitoring entails overseeing the entire development process from planning, development, integration and testing, deployment, and operations. It involves a complete and real-time view of the status of applications, services, and infrastructure in the production environment. Features such as real-time streaming, historical replay, and visualizations are critical components of application and service monitoring.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Management and Monitoring Get Started Guide",
+        "url": "https://www.atlassian.com/devops/devops-tools/devops-monitoring",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Monitoring",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/monitoring?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "w2eCgBC-ydMHSxh7LMti8": {
+    "title": "Loki",
+    "description": "Loki is a horizontally scalable, highly available, multi-tenant log aggregation system inspired by Prometheus. It is designed to be very cost-effective and easy to operate. It does not index the contents of the logs, but rather a set of labels for each log stream.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Loki Website",
+        "url": "https://grafana.com/oss/loki/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Official Documentation",
+        "url": "https://grafana.com/docs/loki/latest/?pg=oss-loki&plcmt=quick-links",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Grafana",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/grafana?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "hIBeTUiAI3zwUY6NgAO-A": {
+    "title": "Kubernetes",
+    "description": "Kubernetes is an [open source](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes) container management platform, and the dominant product in this space. Using Kubernetes, teams can deploy images across multiple underlying hosts, defining their desired availability, deployment logic, and scaling logic in YAML. Kubernetes evolved from Borg, an internal Google platform used to provision and allocate compute resources (similar to the Autopilot and Aquaman systems of Microsoft Azure).\n\nThe popularity of Kubernetes has made it an increasingly important skill for the DevOps Engineer and has triggered the creation of Platform teams across the industry. These Platform engineering teams often exist with the sole purpose of making Kubernetes approachable and usable for their product development colleagues.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Kubernetes Website",
+        "url": "https://kubernetes.io/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Kubernetes Documentation",
+        "url": "https://kubernetes.io/docs/home/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Primer: How Kubernetes Came to Be, What It Is, and Why You Should Care",
+        "url": "https://thenewstack.io/primer-how-kubernetes-came-to-be-what-it-is-and-why-you-should-care/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Kubernetes: An Overview",
+        "url": "https://thenewstack.io/kubernetes-an-overview/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Kubernetes",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/kubernetes?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Kubernetes Crash Course for Absolute Beginners",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s_o8dwzRlu4",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "JXsctlXUUS1ie8nNEgIk9": {
+    "title": "GCP Functions",
+    "description": "Cloud Functions are the serverless \"Function-as-a-Service\" offer of Google Cloud Platform.",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "GCP Cloud Functions Overview",
+        "url": "https://cloud.google.com/functions/docs/concepts/overview",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "GCP Cloud Functions Tutorial",
+        "url": "https://antonputra.com/google/google-cloud-functions-tutorial/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Google Cloud Platform",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/gcp?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "wNguM6-YEznduz3MgBCYo": {
+    "title": "Application Monitoring",
+    "description": "Application monitoring refers to the practice of making the status and performance of a given _application_ visible. This may include details such as stacktraces, error logs, and the line of code implicated in a given failure. When combined with Infrastructure monitoring, this can provide a complete picture of what is happening in your system, and why.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Applying Basic vs. Advanced Monitoring Techniques",
+        "url": "https://thenewstack.io/applying-basic-vs-advanced-monitoring-techniques/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Why Legacy Apps Need Your Monitoring Love, Too",
+        "url": "https://thenewstack.io/why-legacy-apps-need-your-monitoring-love-too/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Monitoring",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/monitoring?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "8rd7T5ahK2I_zh5co-IF-": {
+    "title": "Jaeger",
+    "description": "Jaeger is an open source, end-to-end distributed tracing system that enables us to monitor and troubleshoot transactions in complex distributed systems.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Jaeger Website",
+        "url": "https://www.jaegertracing.io/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Official Documentation",
+        "url": "https://www.jaegertracing.io/docs/1.37/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "pk76Us6z8LoX3f0mhnCyR": {
+    "title": "New Relic",
+    "description": "New Relic is where dev, ops, security and business teams solve software–performance problems with data.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "New Relic Website",
+        "url": "https://newrelic.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Official Documentation",
+        "url": "https://docs.newrelic.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "New Relic Developer Hub",
+        "url": "https://developer.newrelic.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about DevOps",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/devops?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "BHny2Emf96suhAlltiEro": {
+    "title": "Datadog",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "eOyu4wmKOrcMlhD8pUGGh": {
+    "title": "Prometheus",
+    "description": "Prometheus is a free software application used for event monitoring and alerting. It records real-time metrics in a time series database built using a HTTP pull model, with flexible queries and real-time alerting.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Prometheus Website",
+        "url": "https://prometheus.io/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Official Documentation",
+        "url": "https://prometheus.io/docs/introduction/overview/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Getting Started with Prometheus",
+        "url": "https://prometheus.io/docs/tutorials/getting_started/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Prometheus",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/prometheus?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "K81bmtgnB1gfhYdi3TB5a": {
+    "title": "OpenTelemetry",
+    "description": "OpenTelemetry is a collection of tools, APIs, and SDKs. Use it to instrument, generate, collect, and export telemetry data (metrics, logs, and traces) to help you analyze your software’s performance and behavior.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "OpenTelemetry Website",
+        "url": "https://opentelemetry.io/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Official Documentation",
+        "url": "https://opentelemetry.io/docs/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/public/roadmap-content/devrel.json b/public/roadmap-content/devrel.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..89b922528
--- /dev/null
+++ b/public/roadmap-content/devrel.json
@@ -0,0 +1,895 @@
+{
+  "SiYUdtYMDImRPmV2_XPkH": {
+    "title": "What is DevRel?",
+    "description": "DevRel, or Developer Relations, is a field that connects a company's technical products or services with the developer community. It encompasses community engagement, technical advocacy, feedback collection, content creation, event participation, and product evangelism.\n\nDevRel professionals build relationships with developers, educate them about company tools and APIs, gather insights for product improvement, produce technical content, represent the company at industry events, and promote technology adoption.\n\nThey typically possess both technical expertise and strong communication skills, serving as a vital link between external developers and internal engineering and product teams. DevRel aims to foster a positive ecosystem around a company's technology, driving adoption and user satisfaction.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "KP28dl1I9hxM130gIPxSZ": {
+    "title": "History and Evolution",
+    "description": "The first Developer Relations teams came about in the lates 80’s during fierce rivalry between Microsoft and Apple. Apple created a team of “Evangelists” and when Microsoft saw the large impact that this team were having on the sales and adoption of Apple products, they created a their own team of “Technical Evangelists” which later became the Microsoft Developer Relations Group.\n\nDevRel has since evolved into multiple roles within itself, including Developer Marketing, Developer Advocate and Developer Engineer.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Developer Relations History & Mission Structure",
+        "url": "https://lmcdunna.medium.com/developer-relations-history-mission-structure-5fcad869deac",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "History of Developer Evangelism",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ieiQmyrmakI",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "No-UnhdGmtLW9uFGLy-ca": {
+    "title": "Developer Experience",
+    "description": "Developer Experience (DX) refers to the overall experience developers have while using a software product, tool, or platform. A positive DX is characterized by intuitive and well-documented APIs, robust and clear documentation, seamless integration processes, and responsive support. Good DX ensures that developers can efficiently build, deploy, and manage applications, reducing frustration and increasing productivity.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is developer experience?",
+        "url": "https://swimm.io/learn/developer-experience/what-is-developer-experience-devx-pillars-and-best-practices",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Developer Experience: What is it and why should you care? GitHub",
+        "url": "https://github.blog/2023-06-08-developer-experience-what-is-it-and-why-should-you-care/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "BooGiYTMoS0N5eobwjPHY": {
+    "title": "Developer Journey",
+    "description": "The Developer Journey encompasses the entire process that a developer goes through when interacting with a product or platform, from initial discovery to long-term engagement. This journey includes various stages such as awareness, onboarding, learning, building, deploying, and scaling. Each stage requires thoughtful design and support to ensure a smooth and positive experience. By understanding and optimizing each touchpoint in the Developer Journey, companies can reduce friction, enhance satisfaction, and foster a more loyal and productive developer community.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "The Developer Journey",
+        "url": "https://www.devrel.agency/developerjourney",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Developer Relations: The Developer Journey Map",
+        "url": "https://medium.com/codex/developer-relations-the-developer-journey-map-36bd4619f5f3",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Understand the developer journey",
+        "url": "https://www.commonroom.io/resources/ultimate-guide-to-developer-experience/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "UhMk8g5MMhvi3kWLLI6B1": {
+    "title": "Developer Marketing",
+    "description": "Developer Marketing focuses on strategies and tactics to engage and attract developers to a product, platform, or service. It involves creating targeted content, such as technical blogs, tutorials, and case studies, that addresses developers' needs and pain points. Effective developer marketing also includes hosting events like hackathons, webinars, and conferences to build community and demonstrate value. By leveraging channels that developers trust, such as GitHub, Stack Overflow, and social media, companies can increase visibility and adoption of their offerings.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is developer marketing?",
+        "url": "https://appsembler.com/glossary/developer-marketing/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is developer marketing? IronHorse.io",
+        "url": "https://ironhorse.io/blog/what-is-developer-marketing/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is developer marketing (B2D)",
+        "url": "https://www.productmarketingalliance.com/what-is-developer-marketing/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "N9HXTCQq2wfC-QurSofE_": {
+    "title": "Importance of DevRel",
+    "description": "Developer Relations (DevRel) is crucial for fostering a vibrant and engaged developer community around a product or platform. It involves creating and maintaining strong relationships with developers through activities like community building, technical support, advocacy, and education. Effective DevRel ensures that developers have the resources and support they need to succeed, which in turn drives product adoption, innovation, and loyalty. By bridging the gap between a company's development teams and external developers, DevRel can also provide valuable feedback for product improvements and help in shaping the future direction of the product or platform.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is Developer Relations? The Ultimate Guide for DevTool GTM Teams",
+        "url": "https://www.doc-e.ai/post/what-is-developer-relations-the-ultimate-guide-for-devtool-gtm-teams",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "DevRel - Why is it important?",
+        "url": "https://developers.onelogin.com/blog/devrel",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "The role of developer advocacy in driving innovation",
+        "url": "https://leaddev.com/process/role-developer-advocacy-driving-innovation",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "7MCmY1bABGPfmzjErADvg": {
+    "title": "Advocacy",
+    "description": "Developer Advocacy is the practice of representing and supporting the needs and interests of developers both within a company and in the broader developer community. Developer Advocates act as liaisons between the company’s development team and external developers, ensuring that the developers have the tools, resources, and knowledge to effectively use the company's products or platforms. They create educational content, provide technical support, gather feedback, and participate in community events.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is developer advocacy?",
+        "url": "https://appsembler.com/glossary/developer-advocacy/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "The Developer Advocate Playbook: Your Go-To Guide to Turning Users into Champions 🚀",
+        "url": "https://www.doc-e.ai/post/the-developer-advocate-playbook-your-go-to-guide-to-turning-users-into-champions",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Developer Relations: New Career Path for Developers",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iA2SQ4OL4GU",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "EjqJkyojhO7f1uFHIoyGY": {
+    "title": "Education",
+    "description": "Developer Education focuses on providing developers with the knowledge and skills they need to effectively use a product, platform, or technology. This involves creating and delivering a variety of educational materials such as documentation, tutorials, courses, webinars, and interactive workshops. Effective developer education programs cater to different learning styles and levels of expertise, from beginners to advanced users.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is developer eduction?",
+        "url": "https://appsembler.com/glossary/developer-education/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is developer education - Dev.to",
+        "url": "https://dev.to/jacobandrewsky/what-is-developer-education-5a01",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Successful Developer Education: What you need to know",
+        "url": "https://www.developermarketing.io/successful-developer-education-what-you-need-to-know/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "1NFcpGzCJylRPbFYdD9bB": {
+    "title": "Community Support",
+    "description": "Community Support in the context of Developer Relations (DevRel) involves actively engaging with and assisting the developer community to foster a collaborative and supportive environment. This includes moderating forums, responding to queries, organizing community events, and facilitating peer-to-peer support. Effective community support ensures that developers feel heard and valued, and have access to timely and accurate assistance, which enhances their overall experience and productivity.",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Community and DevRel",
+        "url": "https://developerrelations.com/podcast/community-and-devrel",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "New to DevRel? Talk to your community!",
+        "url": "https://dev.to/amandamartindev/new-to-devrel-talk-to-your-community-hmf",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "DevRel & Community",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CfXkY2m_0dU",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "_3ZnPUl4kzzuM0bKQ8IAq": {
+    "title": "Content Creation",
+    "description": "Content creation in the context of Developer Relations (DevRel) involves producing a wide range of materials designed to educate, engage, and empower developers. This includes writing technical blogs, creating video tutorials, developing comprehensive documentation, and crafting code samples and demos. The goal is to provide valuable resources that help developers understand and effectively use a product or platform. High-quality content addresses common challenges, showcases best practices, and highlights new features or updates.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "The secret of content creation for DevRel",
+        "url": "https://developerrelations.com/dev-rel/the-secrets-of-content-creation-for-devrels",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Content strategy for DevRel teams",
+        "url": "https://www.stephaniemorillo.co/post/content-strategy-for-devrel-teams-a-primer",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "DevRel Content Creation with Stephanie Wong from Google Cloud",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DQE1hBXVXYA",
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+      }
+    ]
+  },
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+    "links": [
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+        "title": "Harnessing the Power of Community Feedback for Product Development",
+        "url": "https://draft.dev/learn/devrel-harnessing-the-power-of-community-feedback-for-product-development",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "The Developer Advocacy Feedback Loop",
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+    "links": [
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+        "title": "Building and Nurturing Online Developer Communities: The Ultimate Guide",
+        "url": "https://www.doc-e.ai/post/building-and-nurturing-online-developer-communities-the-ultimate-guide",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
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+    "links": []
+  },
+  "QrDqUGWC2t9r6p4aR8I5g": {
+    "title": "Media Appearances",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "ue0NaNnNpF7UhvJ8j0Yuo": {
+    "title": "Conference Speaking",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "HN2gNsYYRLVOOdy_r8FKJ": {
+    "title": "Building a Personal Brand",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "4ygpqUK70hI5r1AmmfMZq": {
+    "title": "Networking Strategies",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "HIIqlnZ4Vad_1o4F0lkv-": {
+    "title": "Meetups",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "lMbj0WdoEia_tdpO5rXph": {
+    "title": "Online Communities",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "NhQUDVA9q1hnV44EKapbU": {
+    "title": "Open-Source",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "bwwk6ESNyEJa3fCAIKPwh": {
+    "title": "Continuous Learning",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/public/roadmap-content/frontend.json b/public/roadmap-content/frontend.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fa999cf18
--- /dev/null
+++ b/public/roadmap-content/frontend.json
@@ -0,0 +1,3138 @@
+{
+  "VlNNwIEDWqQXtqkHWJYzC": {
+    "title": "Internet",
+    "description": "The Internet is a global network of computers connected to each other which communicate through a standardized set of protocols.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Learn How the Web Works",
+        "url": "https://internetfundamentals.com",
+        "type": "website"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How does the Internet Work?",
+        "url": "https://cs.fyi/guide/how-does-internet-work",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "The Internet Explained",
+        "url": "https://www.vox.com/2014/6/16/18076282/the-internet",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How Does the Internet Work?",
+        "url": "http://web.stanford.edu/class/msande91si/www-spr04/readings/week1/InternetWhitepaper.htm",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Introduction to Internet",
+        "url": "/guides/what-is-internet",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How does the Internet work?",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x3c1ih2NJEg",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How the Internet Works in 5 Minutes",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7_LPdttKXPc",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "yCnn-NfSxIybUQ2iTuUGq": {
+    "title": "How does the internet work?",
+    "description": "The Internet is a global network of computers connected to each other which communicate through a standardized set of protocols.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "How does the Internet Work?",
+        "url": "https://cs.fyi/guide/how-does-internet-work",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How Does the Internet Work? MDN Docs",
+        "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn/Common_questions/How_does_the_Internet_work",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Introduction to Internet",
+        "url": "/guides/what-is-internet",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How does the Internet work?",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TNQsmPf24go",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How the Internet Works in 5 Minutes",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7_LPdttKXPc",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "R12sArWVpbIs_PHxBqVaR": {
+    "title": "What is HTTP?",
+    "description": "HTTP is the `TCP/IP` based application layer communication protocol which standardizes how the client and server communicate with each other. HTTP follows a classical \"Client-Server model\" with a client opening a connection request, then waiting until it receives a response. HTTP is a stateless protocol, that means that the server does not keep any data (state) between two requests.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Everything you need to know about HTTP",
+        "url": "https://cs.fyi/guide/http-in-depth",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is HTTP?",
+        "url": "https://www.cloudflare.com/en-gb/learning/ddos/glossary/hypertext-transfer-protocol-http/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How HTTPS Works ...in a comic!",
+        "url": "https://howhttps.works",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "An overview of HTTP",
+        "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Overview",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "HTTP/3 From A To Z: Core Concepts",
+        "url": "https://www.smashingmagazine.com/2021/08/http3-core-concepts-part1/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "HTTP/3 Is Now a Standard: Why Use It and How to Get Started",
+        "url": "https://thenewstack.io/http-3-is-now-a-standard-why-use-it-and-how-to-get-started/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "HTTP Crash Course & Exploration",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iYM2zFP3Zn0",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "ZhSuu2VArnzPDp6dPQQSC": {
+    "title": "What is Domain Name?",
+    "description": "A domain name is a unique, easy-to-remember address used to access websites, such as ‘[google.com](http://google.com)’, and ‘[facebook.com](http://facebook.com)’. Users can connect to websites using domain names thanks to the Domain Name System (DNS).\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is a Domain Name?",
+        "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn/Common_questions/What_is_a_domain_name",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is a Domain Name? | Domain name vs. URL",
+        "url": "https://www.cloudflare.com/en-gb/learning/dns/glossary/what-is-a-domain-name/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "A Beginners Guide to How Domain Names Work",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y4cRx19nhJk",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "aqMaEY8gkKMikiqleV5EP": {
+    "title": "What is hosting?",
+    "description": "Web hosting is an online service that allows you to publish your website files onto the internet. So, anyone who has access to the internet has access to your website.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What Is Web Hosting? Explained",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=htbY9-yggB0",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Different Types of Web Hosting Explained",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AXVZYzw8geg",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Where to Host a Fullstack Project on a Budget",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kx_1NYYJS7Q",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "hkxw9jPGYphmjhTjw8766": {
+    "title": "DNS and how it works?",
+    "description": "The Domain Name System (DNS) is the phonebook of the Internet. Humans access information online through domain names, like [nytimes.com](http://nytimes.com) or [espn.com](http://espn.com). Web browsers interact through Internet Protocol (IP) addresses. DNS translates domain names to IP addresses so browsers can load Internet resources.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is DNS?",
+        "url": "https://www.cloudflare.com/en-gb/learning/dns/what-is-dns/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Mess with DNS - DNS Playground",
+        "url": "https://messwithdns.net/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How DNS works (comic)",
+        "url": "https://howdns.works/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about DNS",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/dns?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "DNS and How does it Work?",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wj0od2ag5sk",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "DNS Records",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7lxgpKh_fRY",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "When to add glue records to DNS settings",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e48AyJOA9W8",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "DNS Records for Newbies - How To Manage Website Records",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YV5tkQYcvfg",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "P82WFaTPgQEPNp5IIuZ1Y": {
+    "title": "Browsers and how they work?",
+    "description": "A web browser is a software application that enables a user to access and display web pages or other online content through its graphical user interface.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "How Browsers Work",
+        "url": "https://www.html5rocks.com/en/tutorials/internals/howbrowserswork/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Role of Rendering Engine in Browsers",
+        "url": "https://www.browserstack.com/guide/browser-rendering-engine",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Populating the Page: How Browsers Work",
+        "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/Performance/How_browsers_work",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Browsers",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/browsers?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How Do Web Browsers Work?",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WjDrMKZWCt0",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "yWG2VUkaF5IJVVut6AiSy": {
+    "title": "HTML",
+    "description": "HTML stands for HyperText Markup Language. It is used on the frontend and gives the structure to the webpage which you can style using CSS and make interactive using JavaScript.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Interactive HTML Course",
+        "url": "https://github.com/denysdovhan/learnyouhtml",
+        "type": "opensource"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "W3Schools: Learn HTML",
+        "url": "https://www.w3schools.com/html/html_intro.asp",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "htmlreference.io: All HTML elements at a glance",
+        "url": "https://htmlreference.io/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "HTML For Beginners The Easy Way",
+        "url": "https://html.com",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Web Development Basics",
+        "url": "https://internetingishard.netlify.app/html-and-css/index.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "You don't need JavaScript for that",
+        "url": "https://www.htmhell.dev/adventcalendar/2023/2/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about HTML",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/html?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "HTML Full Course for Beginners",
+        "url": "https://youtu.be/mJgBOIoGihA",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "HTML Full Course - Build a Website Tutorial",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pQN-pnXPaVg",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "HTML Tutorial for Beginners: HTML Crash Course",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qz0aGYrrlhU",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "PCirR2QiFYO89Fm-Ev3o1": {
+    "title": "Learn the basics",
+    "description": "HTML stands for HyperText Markup Language. It is used on the frontend and gives the structure to the webpage which you can style using CSS and make interactive using JavaScript.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "W3Schools: Learn HTML",
+        "url": "https://www.w3schools.com/html/html_intro.asp",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "MDN Docs: Getting Started with HTML ",
+        "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn/HTML/Introduction_to_HTML/Getting_started",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "web.dev: Learn HTML",
+        "url": "https://web.dev/learn/html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "HTML Cheatsheet",
+        "url": "https://htmlcheatsheet.com",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "HTML Full Course - Build a Website Tutorial",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pQN-pnXPaVg",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "HTML Tutorial for Beginners: HTML Crash Course",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qz0aGYrrlhU",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "z8-556o-PaHXjlytrawaF": {
+    "title": "Writing Semantic HTML",
+    "description": "Semantic element clearly describes its meaning to both the browser and the developer. In HTML, semantic element are the type of elements that can be used to define different parts of a web page such as `<form>`, `<table>`, `<article>`, `<header>`, `<footer>`, etc.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Guide to Writing Semantic HTML",
+        "url": "https://cs.fyi/guide/writing-semantic-html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "W3Schools: Semantic HTML",
+        "url": "https://www.w3schools.com/html/html5_semantic_elements.asp",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How To Write Semantic HTML",
+        "url": "https://hackernoon.com/how-to-write-semantic-html-dkq3ulo",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Semantic HTML: What It Is and How It Improves Your Site",
+        "url": "https://blog.hubspot.com/website/semantic-html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Semantic Markup",
+        "url": "https://html.com/semantic-markup",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Semantic HTML - web.dev",
+        "url": "https://web.dev/learn/html/semantic-html/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about HTML",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/html?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "V5zucKEHnIPPjwHqsMPHF": {
+    "title": "Forms and Validations",
+    "description": "Before submitting data to the server, it is important to ensure all required form controls are filled out, in the correct format. This is called client-side form validation, and helps ensure data submitted matches the requirements set forth in the various form controls.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "MDN Web Docs: Client-side form validation",
+        "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn/Forms/Form_validation",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Learn Forms by web.dev",
+        "url": "https://web.dev/learn/forms/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "W3Schools: JavaScript Form Validation",
+        "url": "https://www.w3schools.com/js/js_validation.asp",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "iJIqi7ngpGHWAqtgdjgxB": {
+    "title": "Accessibility",
+    "description": "Web accessibility means that websites, tools, and technologies are designed and developed in such a way that people with disabilities can use them easily.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Developing for Web Accessibility by W3C WAI",
+        "url": "https://www.w3.org/WAI/tips/developing/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Accessibility Tutorial",
+        "url": "https://www.w3schools.com/accessibility/index.php",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "A Complete Guide To Accessible Front-End Components",
+        "url": "https://www.smashingmagazine.com/2021/03/complete-guide-accessible-front-end-components/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "MDN Accessibility",
+        "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/Accessibility",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Accessibility for Developers by Google",
+        "url": "https://web.dev/accessibility",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Web Accessibility by Udacity",
+        "url": "https://www.udacity.com/course/web-accessibility--ud891",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Accessibility as an Essential Part of the Inclusive Developer Experience",
+        "url": "https://thenewstack.io/accessibility-as-an-essential-part-of-the-inclusive-developer-experience/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Accessibility",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/accessibility?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Complete Playlist on Accessibility",
+        "url": "https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLNYkxOF6rcICWx0C9LVWWVqvHlYJyqw7g",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "mH_qff8R7R6eLQ1tPHLgG": {
+    "title": "SEO Basics",
+    "description": "SEO or Search Engine Optimization is the technique used to optimize your website for better rankings on search engines such as Google, Bing etc.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "SEO Guide",
+        "url": "https://github.com/seo/guide",
+        "type": "opensource"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Google Search Central — SEO Docs",
+        "url": "https://developers.google.com/search/docs",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "8 Must-Know SEO Best Practices For Developers",
+        "url": "https://neilpatel.com/blog/seo-developers/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "SEO for Developers",
+        "url": "https://medium.com/welldone-software/seo-for-developers-a-quick-overview-5b5b7ce34679",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Learning SEO",
+        "url": "https://learningseo.io/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about SEO",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/seo?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Complete SEO Course for Beginners",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xsVTqzratPs",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "SEO Expert Course",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SnxeXZpZkI0",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "ZhJhf1M2OphYbEmduFq-9": {
+    "title": "CSS",
+    "description": "CSS or Cascading Style Sheets is the language used to style the frontend of any website. CSS is a cornerstone technology of the World Wide Web, alongside HTML and JavaScript.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "The Odin Project",
+        "url": "https://www.theodinproject.com//",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What The Flexbox!",
+        "url": "https://flexbox.io/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "W3Schools — Learn CSS",
+        "url": "https://www.w3schools.com/css/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "cssreference.io: All CSS properties at a glance",
+        "url": "https://cssreference.io/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Web.dev by Google — Learn CSS",
+        "url": "https://web.dev/learn/css/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Learn to Code HTML & CSS",
+        "url": "https://learn.shayhowe.com/html-css/building-your-first-web-page/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Joshw Comeaus CSS Hack Blog Posts",
+        "url": "https://www.joshwcomeau.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "100 Days CSS Challenge",
+        "url": "https://100dayscss.com",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about CSS",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/css?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "CSS Complete Course",
+        "url": "https://youtu.be/n4R2E7O-Ngo",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "CSS Crash Course For Absolute Beginners",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yfoY53QXEnI",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "HTML and CSS Tutorial",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D-h8L5hgW-w",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "CSS Masterclass - Tutorial & Course for Beginners",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FqmB-Zj2-PA",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "YFjzPKWDwzrgk2HUX952L": {
+    "title": "Learn the basics",
+    "description": "CSS or Cascading Style Sheets is the language used to style the frontend of any website. CSS is a cornerstone technology of the World Wide Web, alongside HTML and JavaScript.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "W3Schools — Learn CSS",
+        "url": "https://www.w3schools.com/css/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "web.dev — Learn CSS",
+        "url": "https://web.dev/learn/css/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Learn to Code HTML & CSS",
+        "url": "https://learn.shayhowe.com/html-css/building-your-first-web-page/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "CSS Crash Course For Absolute Beginners",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yfoY53QXEnI",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "HTML and CSS Tutorial",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D-h8L5hgW-w",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "CSS Masterclass - Tutorial & Course for Beginners",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FqmB-Zj2-PA",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "dXeYVMXv-3MRQ1ovOUuJW": {
+    "title": "Making Layouts",
+    "description": "Float, grid, flexbox, positioning, display and box model are some of the key topics that are used for making layouts. Use the resources below to learn about these topics:\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Learn CSS Grid for free",
+        "url": "https://scrimba.com/learn/cssgrid",
+        "type": "course"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Learn and Practice Flexbox",
+        "url": "https://flexboxfroggy.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Game for learning CSS Grid",
+        "url": "https://cssgridgarden.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "All about Floats",
+        "url": "https://css-tricks.com/all-about-floats/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Positioning Types: How Do They Differ?",
+        "url": "https://css-tricks.com/absolute-relative-fixed-positioining-how-do-they-differ/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "The Box Model",
+        "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/The_box_model",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "A Complete Guide to Flexbox",
+        "url": "https://css-tricks.com/snippets/css/a-guide-to-flexbox",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "A Complete Guide to Grid",
+        "url": "https://css-tricks.com/snippets/css/complete-guide-grid",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Learn CSS Grid - Course",
+        "url": "https://cssgrid.io/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Get on the Grid at Last with the CSS Grid Layout Module",
+        "url": "https://thenewstack.io/get-grid-last-css-grid-template-markup/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "TKtWmArHn7elXRJdG6lDQ": {
+    "title": "Responsive Design",
+    "description": "Responsive Web Designing is the technique to make your webpages look good on all screen sizes. There are certain techniques used to achieve that e.g. CSS media queries, percentage widths, min or max widths heights etc.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Responsive Web Design",
+        "url": "https://www.w3schools.com/css/css_rwd_intro.asp",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Learn Responsive Design",
+        "url": "https://web.dev/learn/design/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "The Beginner’s Guide to Responsive Web Design",
+        "url": "https://kinsta.com/blog/responsive-web-design/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "The guide to responsive web design in 2022",
+        "url": "https://webflow.com/blog/responsive-web-design",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "5 simple tips to making responsive layouts the easy way",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VQraviuwbzU",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Introduction To Responsive Web Design",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=srvUrASNj0s",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "ODcfFEorkfJNupoQygM53": {
+    "title": "JavaScript",
+    "description": "JavaScript allows you to add interactivity to your pages. Common examples that you may have seen on the websites are sliders, click interactions, popups and so on.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "You Dont Know JS Yet (book series) ",
+        "url": "https://github.com/getify/You-Dont-Know-JS",
+        "type": "opensource"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Learn the basics of JavaScript",
+        "url": "https://github.com/workshopper/javascripting",
+        "type": "opensource"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Visit Dedicated JavaScript Roadmap",
+        "url": "/javascript",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "W3Schools – JavaScript Tutorial",
+        "url": "https://www.w3schools.com/js/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "The Modern JavaScript Tutorial",
+        "url": "https://javascript.info/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Learn JavaScript: Covered many topics",
+        "url": "https://www.javascripttutorial.net/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Eloquent JavaScript textbook",
+        "url": "https://eloquentjavascript.net/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Build 30 Javascript projects in 30 days",
+        "url": "https://javascript30.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about JavaScript",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/javascript?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "JavaScript Crash Course for Beginners",
+        "url": "https://youtu.be/hdI2bqOjy3c?t=2",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Build a Netflix Landing Page Clone with HTML, CSS & JS",
+        "url": "https://youtu.be/P7t13SGytRk?t=22",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "A4brX0efjZ0FFPTB4r6U0": {
+    "title": "Fetch API / Ajax (XHR)",
+    "description": "Ajax is the technique that lets us send and receive the data asynchronously from the servers e.g. updating the user profile or asynchronously fetching the list of searched products without reloading the page.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Fetch API MDN Docs",
+        "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Fetch_API",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "A Simple Guide to JavaScript Fetch API",
+        "url": "https://www.javascripttutorial.net/web-apis/javascript-fetch-api/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Introduction to Fetch",
+        "url": "https://web.dev/introduction-to-fetch/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "JavaScript Fetch API",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-ZI0ea5O2oA",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "0MAogsAID9R04R5TTO2Qa": {
+    "title": "Learn DOM Manipulation",
+    "description": "The Document Object Model (DOM) is a programming interface built for HTML and XML documents. It represents the page that allows programs and scripts to dynamically update the document structure, content, and style. With DOM, we can easily access and manipulate tags, IDs, classes, attributes, etc.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "DOM Tree",
+        "url": "https://javascript.info/dom-nodes",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Eloquent JavaScript, 3rd Edition: The Document Object Model",
+        "url": "https://eloquentjavascript.net/14_dom.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "JavaScript HTML DOM",
+        "url": "https://www.w3schools.com/js/js_htmldom.asp",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "JavaScript DOM",
+        "url": "https://www.javascripttutorial.net/javascript-dom/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Learn the HTML DOM with Exercises - CodeGuage",
+        "url": "https://www.codeguage.com/courses/js/html-dom-introduction",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about DOM",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/dom?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is DOM, Shadow DOM and Virtual DOM?",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7Tok22qxPzQ",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "JavaScript DOM Crash Course",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0ik6X4DJKCc",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "wQSjQqwKHfn5RGPk34BWI": {
+    "title": "Learn the Basics",
+    "description": "JavaScript allows you to add interactivity to your pages. Common examples that you may have seen on the websites are sliders, click interactions, popups and so on.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "W3Schools – JavaScript Tutorial",
+        "url": "https://www.w3schools.com/js/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "The Modern JavaScript Tutorial",
+        "url": "https://javascript.info/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "JavaScript Crash Course for Beginners",
+        "url": "https://youtu.be/hdI2bqOjy3c?t=2",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Build a Netflix Landing Page Clone with HTML, CSS & JS",
+        "url": "https://youtu.be/P7t13SGytRk?t=22",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "MXnFhZlNB1zTsBFDyni9H": {
+    "title": "VCS Hosting",
+    "description": "There are different repository hosting services with the most famous one being GitHub, GitLab and BitBucket. I would recommend creating an account on GitHub because that is where most of the OpenSource work is done and most of the developers are.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "GitHub: Where the world builds software",
+        "url": "https://github.com",
+        "type": "opensource"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "GitLab: Iterate faster, innovate together",
+        "url": "https://gitlab.com",
+        "type": "opensource"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "BitBucket: The Git solution for professional teams",
+        "url": "https://bitbucket.com",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "NIY7c4TQEEHx0hATu-k5C": {
+    "title": "Version Control Systems",
+    "description": "Version control systems allow you to track changes to your codebase/files over time. They allow you to go back to some previous version of the codebase without any issues. Also, they help in collaborating with people working on the same code – if you’ve ever collaborated with other people on a project, you might already know the frustration of copying and merging the changes from someone else into your codebase; version control systems allow you to get rid of this issue.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Git Documentation",
+        "url": "https://git-scm.com/docs",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Learn Git by Atlassian",
+        "url": "https://www.atlassian.com/git",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Version Control System Introduction",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zbKdDsNNOhg",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Git & GitHub Crash Course For Beginners",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SWYqp7iY_Tc",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Learn Git in 20 Minutes",
+        "url": "https://youtu.be/Y9XZQO1n_7c?t=21",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "R_I4SGYqLk5zze5I1zS_E": {
+    "title": "Git",
+    "description": "[Git](https://git-scm.com/) is a free and open source distributed version control system designed to handle everything from small to very large projects with speed and efficiency.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Learn Git with Tutorials, News and Tips - Atlassian",
+        "url": "https://www.atlassian.com/git",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Git Cheat Sheet",
+        "url": "https://cs.fyi/guide/git-cheatsheet",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Tutorial: Git for Absolutely Everyone",
+        "url": "https://thenewstack.io/tutorial-git-for-absolutely-everyone/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Git",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/git?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Git & GitHub Crash Course For Beginners",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SWYqp7iY_Tc",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "IqvS1V-98cxko3e9sBQgP": {
+    "title": "Package Managers",
+    "description": "Package managers allow you to manage the dependencies (external code written by you or someone else) that your project needs to work correctly.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Modern JavaScript for Dinosaurs",
+        "url": "https://peterxjang.com/blog/modern-javascript-explained-for-dinosaurs.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "An Absolute Beginners Guide to Using npm",
+        "url": "https://nodesource.com/blog/an-absolute-beginners-guide-to-using-npm/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Yarn - Getting Started",
+        "url": "https://yarnpkg.com/en/docs/getting-started",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "NPM tutorial for Beginners",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2V1UUhBJ62Y",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "NPM Crash Course",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jHDhaSSKmB0",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Yarn Crash Course",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g9_6KmiBISk",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "qmTVMJDsEhNIkiwE_UTYu": {
+    "title": "GitHub",
+    "description": "[GitHub](https://github.com) is a provider of internet hosting for software development and version control using Git. It offers the distributed version control and source code management functionality of Git, plus its own features.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "GitHub: Quickstart",
+        "url": "https://docs.github.com/en/get-started/quickstart/hello-world",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Learn GitHub by doing",
+        "url": "https://skills.github.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about GitHub",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/github?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is GitHub?",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w3jLJU7DT5E",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Git vs. GitHub: Whats the difference?",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wpISo9TNjfU",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Git and GitHub for Beginners",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RGOj5yH7evk",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Git and GitHub - CS50 Beyond 2019",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eulnSXkhE7I",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "zIoSJMX3cuzCgDYHjgbEh": {
+    "title": "GitLab",
+    "description": "[GitLab](https://gitlab.com) is a provider of internet hosting for software development and version control using Git. It offers the distributed version control and source code management functionality of Git, plus its own features.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "GitLab Website",
+        "url": "https://gitlab.com/",
+        "type": "opensource"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "GitLab Documentation",
+        "url": "https://docs.gitlab.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Development: Connect git to GitLab for Small Projects",
+        "url": "https://thenewstack.io/development-connect-git-to-gitlab-for-small-projects/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about GitLab",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/gitlab?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "DILBiQp7WWgSZ5hhtDW6A": {
+    "title": "Bitbucket",
+    "description": "[BitBucket](https://bitbucket.com) is a provider of internet hosting for software development and version control using Git. It offers the distributed version control and source code management functionality of Git, plus its own features.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "How to use BitBucket?",
+        "url": "https://bitbucket.org/product/guides",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "BitBucket Website",
+        "url": "https://bitbucket.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Bitbucket",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/bitbucket?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "yrq3nOwFREzl-9EKnpU-e": {
+    "title": "yarn",
+    "description": "Yarn is a software packaging system developed in 2016 by Facebook for Node.js JavaScript runtime environment that provides speed, consistency, stability, and security as an alternative to npm (package manager).\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Modern JavaScript for Dinosaurs",
+        "url": "https://peterxjang.com/blog/modern-javascript-explained-for-dinosaurs.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Yarn - Getting Started",
+        "url": "https://yarnpkg.com/en/docs/getting-started",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Yarn",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/yarn?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Yarn Crash Course",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g9_6KmiBISk",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "SLxA5qJFp_28TRzr1BjxZ": {
+    "title": "pnpm",
+    "description": "PNPM is an alternative package manager for Node. js which stands for “Performant NPM”. The main purpose of PNPM is to hold all the packages at a global (centralized) store and use them if needed by other projects too by creating hard links to it.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Official Website",
+        "url": "https://pnpm.io",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Meet PNPM: The Faster, More Performant NPM",
+        "url": "https://blog.bitsrc.io/pnpm-javascript-package-manager-4b5abd59dc9",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "ib_FHinhrw8VuSet-xMF7": {
+    "title": "npm",
+    "description": "npm is a package manager for the JavaScript programming language maintained by npm, Inc. npm is the default package manager for the JavaScript runtime environment Node.js.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "How to NPM",
+        "url": "https://github.com/workshopper/how-to-npm",
+        "type": "opensource"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Modern JavaScript for Dinosaurs",
+        "url": "https://peterxjang.com/blog/modern-javascript-explained-for-dinosaurs.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "An Absolute Beginners Guide to Using npm",
+        "url": "https://nodesource.com/blog/an-absolute-beginners-guide-to-using-npm/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about NPM",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/npm?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "NPM tutorial for Beginners",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2V1UUhBJ62Y",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "NPM Crash Course",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jHDhaSSKmB0",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "eXezX7CVNyC1RuyU_I4yP": {
+    "title": "Pick a Framework",
+    "description": "Web frameworks are designed to write web applications. Frameworks are collections of libraries that aid in the development of a software product or website. Frameworks for web application development are collections of various tools. Frameworks vary in their capabilities and functions, depending on the tasks set. They define the structure, establish the rules, and provide the development tools required.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is the difference between a framework and a library?",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D_MO9vIRBcA",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Which JS Framework is best?",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cuHDQhDhvPE",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "-bHFIiXnoUQSov64WI9yo": {
+    "title": "Angular",
+    "description": "Angular is a component based front-end development framework built on TypeScript which includes a collection of well-integrated libraries that include features like routing, forms management, client-server communication, and more.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Visit Dedicated Angular Roadmap",
+        "url": "/angular",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Official - Getting started with Angular",
+        "url": "https://angular.io/start",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Angular",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/angular?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Angular for Beginners Course",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3qBXWUpoPHo",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "ERAdwL1G9M1bnx-fOm5ZA": {
+    "title": "Vue.js",
+    "description": "Vue.js is an open-source JavaScript framework for building user interfaces and single-page applications. It is mainly focused on front end development.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Visit Dedicated Vue Roadmap",
+        "url": "/vue",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Vue.js Website",
+        "url": "https://vuejs.org/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Official Getting Started",
+        "url": "https://vuejs.org/v2/guide/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Meet Vue.js, the Flexible JavaScript Framework",
+        "url": "https://thenewstack.io/meet-vue-js-flexible-javascript-framework/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Vue.js",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/vuejs?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Vue.js Course for Beginners",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FXpIoQ_rT_c",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Vue.js Crash Course",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qZXt1Aom3Cs",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "tG5v3O4lNIFc2uCnacPak": {
+    "title": "React",
+    "description": "React is the most popular front-end JavaScript library for building user interfaces. React can also render on the server using Node and power mobile apps using React Native.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Visit Dedicated React Roadmap",
+        "url": "/react",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "React Website",
+        "url": "https://react.dev",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Official Getting Started",
+        "url": "https://react.dev/learn/tutorial-tic-tac-toe",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about React",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/react?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "React JS Course for Beginners",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nTeuhbP7wdE",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "React Course - Beginners Tutorial for React JavaScript Library [2022]",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bMknfKXIFA8",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Understanding Reacts UI Rendering Process",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i793Qm6kv3U",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "ZR-qZ2Lcbu3FtqaMd3wM4": {
+    "title": "Svelte",
+    "description": "Svelte is a javascript framework that unlike Vue and React does not use vertical DOM diffing but instead knows exactly what and where to update when the state changes. It's mainly focused on frontend and building user interfaces.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Svelte Website",
+        "url": "https://svelte.dev/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Svelte Documentation",
+        "url": "https://svelte.dev/docs",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "All About Svelte, the Much-Loved, State-Driven Web Framework",
+        "url": "https://thenewstack.io/all-about-svelte-the-much-loved-state-driven-web-framework/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Svelte and the Future of Frontend Development",
+        "url": "https://thenewstack.io/svelte-and-the-future-of-front-end-development/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Svelte",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/svelte?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Svelte Course Playlist for beginners",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL4cUxeGkcC9hlbrVO_2QFVqVPhlZmz7tO",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "DxOSKnqAjZOPP-dq_U7oP": {
+    "title": "Solid JS",
+    "description": "Solid is a reactive JavaScript toolkit for building user interfaces without a virtual DOM. To ensure that only the relevant code is executed when a state update occurs, it compiles templates down to real DOM nodes once and wraps modifications into fine-grained reactions.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Official Website - SolidJS",
+        "url": "https://www.solidjs.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "SolidJS Tutorial",
+        "url": "https://www.solidjs.com/tutorial/introduction_basics",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about JavaScript",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/javascript?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "N5DCb6bDfgUnSdHPLYY4g": {
+    "title": "Qwik",
+    "description": "Qwik is a new kind of web framework that can deliver instant loading web applications at any size or complexity. Your sites and apps can boot with about 1kb of JS (regardless of application complexity), and achieve consistent performance at scale.\n\nRead more about Qwik [on the official website](https://qwik.builder.io/).",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "XDTD8el6OwuQ55wC-X4iV": {
+    "title": "Writing CSS",
+    "description": "The way we write CSS in our modern front-end applications is completely different from how we used to write CSS before. There are methods such as Styled Components, CSS Modules, Styled JSX, Emotion, etc",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "eghnfG4p7i-EDWfp3CQXC": {
+    "title": "Tailwind",
+    "description": "CSS Framework that provides atomic CSS classes to help you style components e.g. `flex`, `pt-4`, `text-center` and `rotate-90` that can be composed to build any design, directly in your markup.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Tailwind Website",
+        "url": "https://tailwindcss.com",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about CSS",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/css?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Tailwind CSS Full Course for Beginners",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lCxcTsOHrjo",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Tailwind CSS Crash Course",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UBOj6rqRUME",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Should You Use Tailwind CSS?",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hdGsFpZ0J2E",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Official Screencasts",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/c/TailwindLabs/videos",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "nPg_YWpMJtlhU2t2UD_6B": {
+    "title": "CSS Architecture",
+    "description": "CSS is notoriously difficult to manage in large, complex, rapidly-iterated systems. There are different ways of writing CSS that allows in writing more maintainable CSS.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "A Look at Some CSS Methodologies",
+        "url": "https://www.webfx.com/blog/web-design/css-methodologies/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "BEM Official Website",
+        "url": "https://en.bem.info",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "OOCSS Official Website",
+        "url": "http://oocss.org/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "SMACSS Official Website",
+        "url": "http://smacss.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Architecture",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/architecture?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "UTW1pP59dUehuf0zeHXqL": {
+    "title": "CSS Preprocessors",
+    "description": "CSS Preprocessors are scripting languages that extend the default capabilities of CSS. They enable us to use logic in our CSS code, such as variables, nesting, inheritance, mixins, functions, and mathematical operations.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about CSS",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/css?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "dRDmS072xeNLX7p_X565w": {
+    "title": "BEM",
+    "description": "The Block, Element, Modifier methodology (commonly referred to as BEM) is a popular naming convention for classes in HTML and CSS. Developed by the team at Yandex, its goal is to help developers better understand the relationship between the HTML and CSS in a given project.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "BEM Official Website",
+        "url": "https://en.bem.info",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "BEM Documentation",
+        "url": "https://en.bem.info/methodology/quick-start",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "BEM 101",
+        "url": "https://css-tricks.com/bem-101",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "BEM Tutorials",
+        "url": "https://en.bem.info/tutorials/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "kukEE5rMSPa4NeNjx21kt": {
+    "title": "Sass",
+    "description": "Sass is a preprocessor scripting language that is interpreted or compiled into Cascading Style Sheets. It lets you write maintainable CSS and provides features like variable, nesting, mixins, extension, functions, loops, conditionals and so on.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Sass Website",
+        "url": "https://sass-lang.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Official Documentation",
+        "url": "https://sass-lang.com/documentation",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Sass Tutorial for Beginners",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_a5j7KoflTs",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Sass, BEM, & Responsive Design",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jfMHA8SqUL4",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "9WlPENh9g1xOv-zA64Tfg": {
+    "title": "PostCSS",
+    "description": "PostCSS is a tool for transforming styles with JS plugins. These plugins can lint your CSS, support variables and mixins, transpile future CSS syntax, inline images, and more.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Official Website",
+        "url": "https://postcss.org/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about CSS",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/css?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "i9z0stM4uKu27Cz6NIgNX": {
+    "title": "Build Tools",
+    "description": "Task runners automatically execute commands and carry out processes behind the scenes. This helps automate your workflow by performing mundane, repetitive tasks that you would otherwise waste an egregious amount of time repeating yourself.\n\nCommon usages of task runners include numerous development tasks such as: spinning up development servers, compiling code (ex. SCSS to CSS), running linters, serving files up from a local port on your computer, and many more!\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "webpack is a static module bundler for modern JavaScript applications",
+        "url": "https://webpack.js.org/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Vite Next Generation Frontend Tooling",
+        "url": "https://vitejs.dev",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Parcel is a zero configuration build tool for the web",
+        "url": "https://parceljs.org/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Tools",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/tools?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "9VcGfDBBD8YcKatj4VcH1": {
+    "title": "Linters and Formatters",
+    "description": "A linter is a tool used to analyze code and discover bugs, syntax errors, stylistic inconsistencies, and suspicious constructs. Popular linters for JavaScript include ESLint, JSLint, and JSHint.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What Is a Linter?",
+        "url": "https://www.testim.io/blog/what-is-a-linter-heres-a-definition-and-quick-start-guide/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "hkSc_1x09m7-7BO7WzlDT": {
+    "title": "Module Bundlers",
+    "description": "A module bundler is a tool that takes pieces of JavaScript and their dependencies and bundles them into a single file, usually for use in the browser. You may have used tools such as Browserify, Webpack, Rollup or one of many others.\n\nIt usually starts with an entry file, and from there it bundles up all of the code needed for that entry file.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Module Bundlers Explained",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5IG4UmULyoA",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "NS-hwaWa5ebSmNNRoxFDp": {
+    "title": "Parcel",
+    "description": "Parcel is a web application bundler, differentiated by its developer experience. It offers blazing-fast performance utilizing multicore processing and requires zero configuration.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Official Website and Docs",
+        "url": "https://parceljs.org/plugin-system/bundler/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Web Development",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/webdev?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Using Parcel Bundler with React",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hCxvp3_o0gM",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "sCjErk7rfWAUvhl8Kfm3n": {
+    "title": "Rollup",
+    "description": "Rollup is a module bundler for JavaScript which compiles small pieces of code into something larger and more complex, such as a library or application.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Official Website and Docs",
+        "url": "https://rollupjs.org/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Web Development",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/webdev?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How to Set Up JavaScript Bundling Using Rollup",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ICYLOZuFMz8",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "twufEtHgxcRUWAUQ9bXus": {
+    "title": "Webpack",
+    "description": "Webpack is a module bundler. Its main purpose is to bundle JavaScript files for usage in a browser, yet it is also capable of transforming, bundling, or packaging just about any resource or asset.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Webpack Official Website",
+        "url": "https://webpack.js.org/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Webpack Documentation",
+        "url": "https://webpack.js.org/concepts/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "A Complete Guide to Webpack 5",
+        "url": "https://www.valentinog.com/blog/webpack",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Webpack",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/webpack?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "4W7UXfdKIUsm1bUrjdTVT": {
+    "title": "esbuild",
+    "description": "Our current build tools for the web are 10-100x slower than they could be. The main goal of the esbuild bundler project is to bring about a new era of build tool performance, and create an easy-to-use modern bundler along the way.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Esbuild Official Website",
+        "url": "https://esbuild.github.io/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Esbuild Documentation",
+        "url": "https://esbuild.github.io/api/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Web Development",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/webdev?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Why are People Obsessed with esbuild?",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9XS_RA6zyyU",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What Is ESBuild?",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZY8Vu8cbWF0",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "0Awx3zEI5_gYEIrD7IVX6": {
+    "title": "Vite",
+    "description": "Vite is a build tool that aims to provide a faster and leaner development experience for modern web projects.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Vite Website",
+        "url": "https://vitejs.dev",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Vite Documentation",
+        "url": "https://vitejs.dev/guide",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Vite",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/vite?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Vite Crash Course",
+        "url": "https://youtu.be/LQQ3CR2JTX8",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Vite Tutorial Video",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VAeRhmpcWEQ",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "zbkpu_gvQ4mgCiZKzS1xv": {
+    "title": "Prettier",
+    "description": "Prettier is an opinionated code formatter with support for JavaScript, HTML, CSS, YAML, Markdown, GraphQL Schemas. By far the biggest reason for adopting Prettier is to stop all the on-going debates over styles.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Prettier Website",
+        "url": "https://prettier.io",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Why Prettier",
+        "url": "https://prettier.io/docs/en/why-prettier.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "NFjsI712_qP0IOmjuqXar": {
+    "title": "ESLint",
+    "description": "With ESLint you can impose the coding standard using a certain set of standalone rules.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "ESLint Official Website",
+        "url": "https://eslint.org/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Introduction to ESLint",
+        "url": "https://dev.to/shivambmgupta/eslint-what-why-when-how-5f1d",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about JavaScript",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/javascript?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "ESLint Quickstart - find errors automatically",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qhuFviJn-es",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "igg4_hb3XE3vuvY8ufV-4": {
+    "title": "Testing",
+    "description": "Before delivering your application to users, you need to be sure that your app meets the requirements it was designed for, and that it doesn't do any weird, unintended things (called 'bugs'). To accomplish this, we 'test' our applications in different ways.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "A comprehensive dive into software testing.",
+        "url": "https://www.softwaretestingmaterial.com/software-testing/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "The different types of software tests",
+        "url": "https://www.atlassian.com/continuous-delivery/software-testing/types-of-software-testing",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Testing React apps with Jest",
+        "url": "https://jestjs.io/docs/tutorial-react",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Testing",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/testing?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "hVQ89f6G0LXEgHIOKHDYq": {
+    "title": "Vitest",
+    "description": "Vitest is a fast Vite-native unit test framework with out-of-box ESM, TypeScript and JSX support. Works on React, Vue, Svelte and more projects created with Vite\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Vitest Website",
+        "url": "https://vitest.dev/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "g5itUjgRXd9vs9ujHezFl": {
+    "title": "Jest",
+    "description": "Jest is a delightful JavaScript Testing Framework with a focus on simplicity. It works with projects using: Babel, TypeScript, Node, React, Angular, Vue and more!\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Jest Website",
+        "url": "https://jestjs.io/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Jest",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/jest?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "JavaScript Testing With Jest",
+        "url": "https://youtu.be/IPiUDhwnZxA?si=2_lE2bDo2fRuo2CU",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "jramLk8FGuaEH4YpHIyZT": {
+    "title": "Playwright",
+    "description": "Playwright is an open-source test automation library initially developed by Microsoft contributors. It supports programming languages such as Java, Python, C#, and NodeJS. Playwright comes with Apache 2.0 License and is most popular with NodeJS with Javascript/Typescript.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Playwright Website",
+        "url": "https://playwright.dev/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Playwright Tutorial: Learn Basics and Setup",
+        "url": "https://www.browserstack.com/guide/playwright-tutorial",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Playwright, a Time-Saving End-to-End Testing Framework",
+        "url": "https://thenewstack.io/playwright-a-time-saving-end-to-end-testing-framework/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Get started with end-to-end testing: Playwright",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLQ6Buerc008ed-F9OksF7ek37wR3y916p",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "DaynCz5RR26gjT6N6gTDL": {
+    "title": "Cypress",
+    "description": "Cypress framework is a JavaScript-based end-to-end testing framework built on top of Mocha – a feature-rich JavaScript test framework running on and in the browser, making asynchronous testing simple and convenient. It also uses a BDD/TDD assertion library and a browser to pair with any JavaScript testing framework.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Official Website",
+        "url": "https://www.cypress.io/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Official Documentation",
+        "url": "https://docs.cypress.io/guides/overview/why-cypress#Other",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Cypress",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/cypress?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Cypress End-to-End Testing",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7N63cMKosIE",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "U5mD5FmVx7VWeKxDpQxB5": {
+    "title": "Authentication Strategies",
+    "description": "Authentication strategies are methods or techniques used to verify the identity of a user or system in order to grant access to a protected resource. There are several different authentication strategies that can be used, including:\n\n*   Basic Authentication\n*   Session Based Authentication\n*   Token Based Authentication\n*   JWT Authentication\n*   OAuth\n*   SSO\n\nYou don't necessarily need to learn all of these, how to implement and the ins and outs from the get go. But it's important to know what they are and how they work. This will help you make better decisions when choosing an authentication strategy for your application.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Basic Authentication",
+        "url": "https://roadmap.sh/guides/basic-authentication",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Session Based Authentication",
+        "url": "https://roadmap.sh/guides/session-authentication",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Token Based Authentication",
+        "url": "https://roadmap.sh/guides/token-authentication",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "JWT Authentication",
+        "url": "https://roadmap.sh/guides/jwt-authentication",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "OAuth",
+        "url": "https://roadmap.sh/guides/oauth",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "SSO - Single Sign On",
+        "url": "https://roadmap.sh/guides/sso",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "RDWbG3Iui6IPgp0shvXtg": {
+    "title": "Web Security Basics",
+    "description": "Web security refers to the protective measures taken by the developers to protect the web applications from threats that could affect the business.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "OWASP Web Application Security Testing Checklist",
+        "url": "https://github.com/0xRadi/OWASP-Web-Checklist",
+        "type": "opensource"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Why HTTPS Matters",
+        "url": "https://developers.google.com/web/fundamentals/security/encrypt-in-transit/why-https",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Wikipedia - OWASP",
+        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OWASP",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "OWASP Top 10 Security Risks",
+        "url": "https://sucuri.net/guides/owasp-top-10-security-vulnerabilities-2021/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "OWASP Cheatsheets",
+        "url": "https://cheatsheetseries.owasp.org/cheatsheets/AJAX_Security_Cheat_Sheet.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Content Security Policy (CSP)",
+        "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/CSP",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Security",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/security?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "OWASP ZAP Step-by-Step Tutorial",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLH8n_ayg-60J9i3nsLybper-DR3zJw6Z5",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "AfH2zCbqzw0Nisg1yyISS": {
+    "title": "CORS",
+    "description": "Cross-Origin Resource Sharing (CORS) is an HTTP-header based mechanism that allows a server to indicate any origins (domain, scheme, or port) other than its own from which a browser should permit loading resources.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Cross-Origin Resource Sharing (CORS)",
+        "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/CORS",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Understanding CORS",
+        "url": "https://rbika.com/blog/understanding-cors",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "CORS in 100 Seconds",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4KHiSt0oLJ0",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "CORS in 6 minutes",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PNtFSVU-YTI",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "uum7vOhOUR38vLuGZy8Oa": {
+    "title": "HTTPS",
+    "description": "HTTPS is a secure way to send data between a web server and a browser.\n\nHypertext transfer protocol secure (HTTPS) is the secure version of HTTP, which is the primary protocol used to send data between a web browser and a website. HTTPS is encrypted in order to increase security of data transfer. This is particularly important when users transmit sensitive data, such as by logging into a bank account, email service, or health insurance provider\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is HTTPS?",
+        "url": "https://www.cloudflare.com/en-gb/learning/ssl/what-is-https/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Why HTTPS Matters",
+        "url": "https://developers.google.com/web/fundamentals/security/encrypt-in-transit/why-https",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Enabling HTTPS on Your Servers",
+        "url": "https://web.dev/enable-https/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How HTTPS works (comic)",
+        "url": "https://howhttps.works/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "SSL, TLS, HTTP, HTTPS Explained",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hExRDVZHhig",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "HTTPS — Stories from the field",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GoXgl9r0Kjk",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "rmcm0CZbtNVC9LZ14-H6h": {
+    "title": "Content Security Policy",
+    "description": "Content Security Policy is a computer security standard introduced to prevent cross-site scripting, clickjacking and other code injection attacks resulting from execution of malicious content in the trusted web page context.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "MDN Content Security Policy (CSP)",
+        "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/CSP",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Google Devs Content Security Policy (CSP)",
+        "url": "https://developers.google.com/web/fundamentals/security/csp",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Web.dev - Content Security Policy (CSP)",
+        "url": "https://web.dev/csp/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Security",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/security?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "JanR7I_lNnUCXhCMGLdn-": {
+    "title": "OWASP Security Risks",
+    "description": "OWASP or Open Web Application Security Project is an online community that produces freely-available articles, methodologies, documentation, tools, and technologies in the field of web application security.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "OWASP Web Application Security Testing Checklist",
+        "url": "https://github.com/0xRadi/OWASP-Web-Checklist",
+        "type": "opensource"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Wikipedia - OWASP",
+        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OWASP",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "OWASP Top 10 Security Risks",
+        "url": "https://sucuri.net/guides/owasp-top-10-security-vulnerabilities-2021/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "OWASP Cheatsheets",
+        "url": "https://cheatsheetseries.owasp.org/cheatsheets/AJAX_Security_Cheat_Sheet.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "OWASP Top 10: A Guide to the Worst Software Vulnerabilities",
+        "url": "https://thenewstack.io/owasp-top-10-a-guide-to-the-worst-software-vulnerabilities/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Security",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/security?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "ruoFa3M4bUE3Dg6GXSiUI": {
+    "title": "Web Components",
+    "description": "Web Components is a suite of different technologies allowing you to create reusable custom elements — with their functionality encapsulated away from the rest of your code — and utilize them in your web apps.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Web Components | MDN",
+        "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/Web_Components",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "WebComponents.org",
+        "url": "https://webcomponents.github.io/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Web Components",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/web-components?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Web Components Crash Course",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PCWaFLy3VUo",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "hwPOGT0-duy3KfI8QaEwF": {
+    "title": "Type Checkers",
+    "description": "Type checker helps developers write code with fewer bugs by adding types to their code, trying to catch type errors within your code, and then removing them during compile time. Flow and TypeScript are two popular static type checkers for JavaScript.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "VxiQPgcYDFAT6WgSRWpIA": {
+    "title": "Custom Elements",
+    "description": "One of the key features of the Web Components standard is the ability to create custom elements that encapsulate your functionality on an HTML page, rather than having to make do with a long, nested batch of elements that together provide a custom page feature.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Using custom elements | MDN web docs",
+        "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/Web_Components/Using_custom_elements",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Web Development",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/webdev?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "Hk8AVonOd693_y1sykPqd": {
+    "title": "HTML Templates",
+    "description": "The `<template>` HTML element is a mechanism for holding HTML that is not to be rendered immediately when a page is loaded but may be instantiated subsequently during runtime using JavaScript. Think of a template as a content fragment that is being stored for subsequent use in the document.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Using templates and slots | MDN web docs",
+        "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/Web_Components/Using_templates_and_slots",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about HTML",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/html?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "-SpsNeOZBkQfDA-rwzgPg": {
+    "title": "Shadow DOM",
+    "description": "An important aspect of web components is encapsulation — being able to keep the markup structure, style, and behavior hidden and separate from other code on the page so that different parts do not clash, and the code can be kept nice and clean. The Shadow DOM API is a key part of this, providing a way to attach a hidden separated DOM to an element.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Using shadow DOM | MDN web docs",
+        "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/Web_Components/Using_shadow_DOM",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about DOM",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/dom?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "DOM vs Virtual DOM vs Shadow DOM",
+        "url": "https://youtu.be/7Tok22qxPzQ?si=2cw36PNSgFTcNHWx",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "0asdhvwBH3gn-ercktV7A": {
+    "title": "TypeScript",
+    "description": "TypeScript is a strongly typed programming language that builds on JavaScript, giving you better tooling at any scale.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Scrimba — TypeScript Basics",
+        "url": "https://scrimba.com/learn/typescript",
+        "type": "course"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Official Website",
+        "url": "https://www.typescriptlang.org/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Official Docs for Deep Dives",
+        "url": "https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "The TypeScript Handbook",
+        "url": "https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/intro.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "TypeScript Tutorial",
+        "url": "https://www.tutorialspoint.com/typescript/index.htm",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What Is TypeScript?",
+        "url": "https://thenewstack.io/what-is-typescript/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "TypeScript Tutorial: Go beyond ‘Hello, World!’",
+        "url": "https://thenewstack.io/typescript-tutorial-go-beyond-hello-world/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "A Guide to Using the Programming Language",
+        "url": "https://thenewstack.io/typescript-tutorial-a-guide-to-using-the-programming-language/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about TypeScript",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/typescript?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "TypeScript for Beginners",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BwuLxPH8IDs",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "Cxspmb14_0i1tfw-ZLxEu": {
+    "title": "SSR",
+    "description": "Server-side rendering refers to the process that the service side completes the HTML structure splicing of the page, sends it to the browser, and then binds the status and events for it to become a fully interactive page.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "what is server side rendering",
+        "url": "https://www.educative.io/answers/what-is-server-side-rendering",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "When should I Server-Side Render?",
+        "url": "https://medium.com/@mbleigh/when-should-i-server-side-render-c2a383ff2d0f",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Server-Side Rendering (SSR)",
+        "url": "https://vuejs.org/guide/scaling-up/ssr.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Web Development",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/webdev?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "what is server side rendering?",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GQzn7XRdzxY",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is server-side rendering for web development?",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=okvg3MRAPs0",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "OL8I6nOZ8hGGWmtxg_Mv8": {
+    "title": "Svelte",
+    "description": "Svelte is a javascript framework that unlike Vue and React does not use vertical DOM diffing but instead knows exactly what and where to update when the state changes. It's mainly focused on frontend and building user interfaces.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Svelte Website",
+        "url": "https://svelte.dev/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Svelte Documentation",
+        "url": "https://svelte.dev/docs",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "All About Svelte, the Much-Loved, State-Driven Web Framework",
+        "url": "https://thenewstack.io/all-about-svelte-the-much-loved-state-driven-web-framework/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Svelte and the Future of Frontend Development",
+        "url": "https://thenewstack.io/svelte-and-the-future-of-front-end-development/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Svelte",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/svelte?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Svelte Course Playlist for beginners",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL4cUxeGkcC9hlbrVO_2QFVqVPhlZmz7tO",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "3TE_iYvbklXK0be-5f2M7": {
+    "title": "Vue.js",
+    "description": "Vue.js is an open-source JavaScript framework for building user interfaces and single-page applications. It is mainly focused on front end development.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Vue.js Website",
+        "url": "https://vuejs.org/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Official Getting Started",
+        "url": "https://vuejs.org/v2/guide/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Meet Vue.js, the Flexible JavaScript Framework",
+        "url": "https://thenewstack.io/meet-vue-js-flexible-javascript-framework/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Vue.js",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/vuejs?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Vue.js Course for Beginners",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FXpIoQ_rT_c",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Vue.js Crash Course",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qZXt1Aom3Cs",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "k6rp6Ua9qUEW_DA_fOg5u": {
+    "title": "Angular",
+    "description": "Angular is a component based front-end development framework built on TypeScript which includes a collection of well-integrated libraries that include features like routing, forms management, client-server communication, and more.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Official - Getting started with Angular",
+        "url": "https://angular.io/start",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Angular",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/angular?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "SGDf_rbfmFSHlxI-Czzlz": {
+    "title": "React",
+    "description": "React is the most popular front-end JavaScript library for building user interfaces. React can also render on the server using Node and power mobile apps using React Native.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Visit Dedicated React Roadmap",
+        "url": "/react",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "React Website",
+        "url": "https://react.dev",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Official Getting Started",
+        "url": "https://react.dev/learn/tutorial-tic-tac-toe",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about React",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/react?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "React JS Course for Beginners",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nTeuhbP7wdE",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "React Course - Beginners Tutorial for React JavaScript Library [2022]",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bMknfKXIFA8",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Understanding Reacts UI Rendering Process",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i793Qm6kv3U",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "KJRkrFZIihCUBrOf579EU": {
+    "title": "react-router",
+    "description": "There used to be Remix in this list but they announced to merge Remix into react-router after v7.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Official Website",
+        "url": "https://remix.run/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Official Docs for Getting Started",
+        "url": "https://remix.run/docs/en/v1#getting-started",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "zNFYAJaSq0YZXL5Rpx1NX": {
+    "title": "Next.js",
+    "description": "Next.js is an open-source development framework built on top of Node.js enabling React based web applications functionalities such as server-side rendering and generating static websites.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Official Website",
+        "url": "https://nextjs.org/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Official Docs for Getting Started",
+        "url": "https://nextjs.org/docs/getting-started",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Mastering Next.js",
+        "url": "https://masteringnextjs.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about JavaScript",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/javascript?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Next.js for Beginners - freeCodeCamp",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KjY94sAKLlw",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Introduction to Next.js and React by Lee Robinson",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h2BcitZPMn4",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "BBsXxkbbEG-gnbM1xXKrj": {
+    "title": "Nuxt.js",
+    "description": "Nuxt.js is a free and open source JavaScript library based on Vue.js, Node.js, Webpack and Babel.js. Nuxt is inspired by Next.js, which is a framework of similar purpose, based on React.js.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Nuxt Website",
+        "url": "https://nuxtjs.org/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Nuxt Docs",
+        "url": "https://nuxtjs.org/docs/get-started/installation",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Nuxt Tutorials",
+        "url": "https://nuxtjs.org/tutorials",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Get Started with Nuxt",
+        "url": "https://explorers.netlify.com/learn/get-started-with-nuxt",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Nuxt.js Fundamentals",
+        "url": "https://vueschool.io/courses/nuxtjs-fundamentals",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about JavaScript",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/javascript?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "P4st_telfCwKLSAU2WsQP": {
+    "title": "Svelte Kit",
+    "description": "Svelte Kit is a framework for building web applications with the Svelte JavaScript framework. It is designed to be a complete solution for building web applications, with support for server-side rendering, automatic code splitting, and optimized performance.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Svelte Kit Official Website",
+        "url": "https://kit.svelte.dev/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Official Svelte Kit Docs",
+        "url": "https://kit.svelte.dev/docs/introduction",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Svelte",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/svelte?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "L7AllJfKvClaam3y-u6DP": {
+    "title": "GraphQL",
+    "description": "GraphQL is a query language for APIs and a runtime for fulfilling those queries with your existing data. GraphQL provides a complete and understandable description of the data in your API, gives clients the power to ask for exactly what they need and nothing more, makes it easier to evolve APIs over time, and enables powerful developer tools.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Introduction to GraphQL",
+        "url": "https://graphql.org/learn/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "The Fullstack Tutorial for GraphQL",
+        "url": "https://www.howtographql.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "GraphQL Tutorials",
+        "url": "https://odyssey.apollographql.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Introduction to GraphQL",
+        "url": "https://thenewstack.io/introduction-to-graphql/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How to Execute a Simple GraphQL Query",
+        "url": "https://thenewstack.io/how-to-execute-a-simple-graphql-query/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about GraphQL",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/graphql?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "GraphQL Course for Beginners",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ed8SzALpx1Q",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "5eUbDdOTOfaOhUlZAmmXW": {
+    "title": "Apollo",
+    "description": "Apollo is a platform for building a unified graph, a communication layer that helps you manage the flow of data between your application clients (such as web and native apps) and your back-end services.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Apollo Website",
+        "url": "https://www.apollographql.com",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Official Docs",
+        "url": "https://www.apollographql.com/docs/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Apollo",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/apollo?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Official YouTube Channel",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/c/ApolloGraphQL/",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "GraphQL With React Tutorial - Apollo Client",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YyUWW04HwKY",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "0moPO23ol33WsjVXSpTGf": {
+    "title": "Relay Modern",
+    "description": "Relay is a JavaScript client used in the browser to fetch GraphQL data. It's a JavaScript framework developed by Facebook for managing and fetching data in React applications. It is built with scalability in mind in order to power complex applications like Facebook. The ultimate goal of GraphQL and Relay is to deliver instant UI-response interactions.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Official Website",
+        "url": "https://relay.dev/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Introduction to Relay modern",
+        "url": "https://relay.dev/docs/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "n0q32YhWEIAUwbGXexoqV": {
+    "title": "Static Site Generators",
+    "description": "A static site generator is a tool that generates a full static HTML website based on raw data and a set of templates. Essentially, a static site generator automates the task of coding individual HTML pages and gets those pages ready to serve to users ahead of time. Because these HTML pages are pre-built, they can load very quickly in users' browsers.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is a static site generator?",
+        "url": "https://www.cloudflare.com/learning/performance/static-site-generator/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Next.js SSG",
+        "url": "https://nextjs.org/docs/advanced-features/static-html-export",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Gatsby SSG",
+        "url": "https://www.gatsbyjs.com/docs/glossary/static-site-generator/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "SSG — An 11ty, Vite And JAM Sandwich",
+        "url": "https://www.smashingmagazine.com/2021/10/building-ssg-11ty-vite-jam-sandwich/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Get Back to Basics With Static Website Generators",
+        "url": "https://thenewstack.io/get-back-basics-static-website-generators/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Web Development",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/webdev?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "CMrss8E2W0eA6DVEqtPjT": {
+    "title": "Vuepress",
+    "description": "VuePress is composed of two parts: a minimalistic static site generator (opens new window)with a Vue-powered theming system and Plugin API, and a default theme optimized for writing technical documentation. It was created to support the documentation needs of Vue’s own sub projects.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Official Website",
+        "url": "https://vuepress.vuejs.org/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Official Docs for Getting Started",
+        "url": "https://vuepress.vuejs.org/guide/getting-started.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Vue.js",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/vuejs?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Introduction to VuePress",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lIv1ItUzktc",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "XWJxV42Dpu2D3xDK10Pn3": {
+    "title": "Nuxt.js",
+    "description": "Nuxt.js is an open-source development framework built on top of Node.js enabling Vue based web applications functionalities such as server-side rendering and generating static websites.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Official Website",
+        "url": "https://nuxtjs.org/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Official Docs for Getting Started",
+        "url": "https://nuxtjs.org/docs/get-started",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Mastering Nuxt.js",
+        "url": "https://masteringnuxt.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about JavaScript",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/javascript?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Vue.js for Beginners - Full Course at freeCodeCamp YouTube Channel",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FXpIoQ_rT_c",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "iUxXq7beg55y76dkwhM13": {
+    "title": "Astro",
+    "description": "Astro is an all-in-one web framework for building fast, content-focused websites. Astro combines the power of a modern component-based framework with the performance and flexibility of a static site generator.\n\n*   Component Islands: A new web architecture for building faster websites.\n*   Server-first API design: Move expensive hydration off of your users’ devices.\n*   Zero JS, by default: No JavaScript runtime overhead to slow you down.\n*   Edge-ready: Deploy anywhere, even a global edge runtime like Deno or Cloudflare.\n*   Customizable: Tailwind, MDX, and 100+ other integrations to choose from.\n*   UI-agnostic: Supports React, Preact, Svelte, Vue, Solid, Lit and more.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Official Astro Website",
+        "url": "https://astro.build/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Official Astro Docs",
+        "url": "https://docs.astro.build/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "io0RHJWIcVxDhcYkV9d38": {
+    "title": "Eleventy",
+    "description": "Eleventy (11ty) is a simple to use, easy to customize, highly performant and powerful static site generator with a helpful set of plugins (e.g. navigation, build-time image transformations, cache assets). Pages can be built and written with a variety of template languages (HTML, Markdown, JavaScript, Liquid, Nunjucks, Handlebars, Mustache, EJS, Haml, Pug or JS template literals). But it also offers the possibility to dynamically create pages from local data or external sources that are compiled at build time. It has zero client-side JavaScript dependencies.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Official Website",
+        "url": "https://www.11ty.dev/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "A collection of 11ty starters, projects, plugins, and resources",
+        "url": "https://11ty.rocks/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Introduction to Eleventy",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-dM6AmNmMFA",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "V70884VcuXkfrfHyLGtUg": {
+    "title": "Next.js",
+    "description": "Next.js is an open-source development framework built on top of Node.js enabling React based web applications functionalities such as server-side rendering and generating static websites.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Official Website",
+        "url": "https://nextjs.org/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Official Docs for Getting Started",
+        "url": "https://nextjs.org/docs/getting-started",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Mastering Next.js",
+        "url": "https://masteringnextjs.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about JavaScript",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/javascript?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Next.js for Beginners - Full Course at freeCodeCamp YouTube Channel",
+        "url": "https://youtu.be/1WmNXEVia8I",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "PoM77O2OtxPELxfrW1wtl": {
+    "title": "PWAs",
+    "description": "Progressive Web Apps (PWAs) are websites that are progressively enhanced to function like installed, native apps on supporting platforms, while functioning like regular websites on other browsers.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Learn PWA",
+        "url": "https://web.dev/learn/pwa/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "MDN Web Docs: Progressive Web Apps ",
+        "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/Progressive_web_apps/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Web Development",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/webdev?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Build a Progressive Web App",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sFsRylCQblw",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "VOGKiG2EZVfCBAaa7Df0W": {
+    "title": "Mobile Apps",
+    "description": "A while back, developing a mobile app using JavaScript was impossible. But now JavaScript developers can create mobile applications using their knowledge for web development. Here is the list of options to create mobile applications in JavaScript.",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "React Native",
+        "url": "https://reactnative.dev/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Flutter",
+        "url": "https://flutter.dev",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Ionic",
+        "url": "https://ionicframework.com",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "NativeScript",
+        "url": "https://nativescript.org/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Mobile Development",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/mobile?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "dsTegXTyupjS8iU6I7Xiv": {
+    "title": "React Native",
+    "description": "React Native is a popular JavaScript-based mobile app framework that allows you to build natively-rendered mobile apps for iOS and Android. The framework lets you create an application for various platforms by using the same codebase.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Official Website",
+        "url": "https://reactnative.dev/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Official Getting Started to React Native",
+        "url": "https://reactnative.dev/docs/getting-started",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about React",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/react?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Build a React Native App by Mosh",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0-S5a0eXPoc",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "dIQXjFEUAJAGxxfAYceHU": {
+    "title": "Flutter",
+    "description": "Flutter is a free and open-source mobile UI framework created by Google and released in May 2017. In a few words, it allows you to create a native mobile application with only one codebase. This means that you can use one programming language and one codebase to create two different apps (for iOS and Android).\n\nFlutter consists of two important parts:\n\n*   An SDK (Software Development Kit): A collection of tools that are going to help you develop your applications. This includes tools to compile your code into native machine code (code for iOS and Android).\n*   A Framework (UI Library based on widgets): A collection of reusable UI elements (buttons, text inputs, sliders, and so on) that you can personalize for your own needs. To develop with Flutter, you will use a programming language called Dart. The language was created by Google in October 2011, but it has improved a lot over these past years.\n\nDart focuses on front-end development, and you can use it to create mobile and web applications.\n\nIf you know a bit of programming, Dart is a typed object programming language. You can compare Dart's syntax to JavaScript.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Visit Dedicated Flutter Roadmap",
+        "url": "/flutter",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Flutter Website",
+        "url": "https://flutter.dev",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Learn Dart Programming",
+        "url": "https://www.tutorialspoint.com/dart_programming/index.htm",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "12 Ways Flutter Streamlines App Development",
+        "url": "https://thenewstack.io/12-ways-flutter-streamlines-app-development/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Flutter",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/flutter?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Flutter Tutorial for Beginners",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1ukSR1GRtMU&list=PL4cUxeGkcC9jLYyp2Aoh6hcWuxFDX6PBJ",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "xmRv6-L45m5MDpHmdHFCL": {
+    "title": "Ionic",
+    "description": "Ionic framework is an open-source UI toolkit for building performant, high-quality mobile apps, desktop apps, and progressive web apps using web technologies such as HTML, CSS, and JavaScript.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Official Website",
+        "url": "https://ionicframework.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Official Getting Started to Ionic framework",
+        "url": "https://ionicframework.com/docs/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Ionic",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/ionic?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Ionic Framework 4 - Full Tutorial",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AvbuIRg8_Jg",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "KMA7NkxFbPoUDtFnGBFnj": {
+    "title": "Desktop Apps",
+    "description": "A while back, developing a desktop app using JavaScript was impossible. But now JavaScript developers can create desktop applications using their knowledge for web development. Here is the list of options to create desktop applications in JavaScript.",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Electron",
+        "url": "https://www.electronjs.org/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "NodeGUI",
+        "url": "https://docs.nodegui.org/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "NW.js",
+        "url": "https://nwjs.io/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Meteor",
+        "url": "https://www.meteor.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "mQHpSyMR4Rra4mqAslgiS": {
+    "title": "Electron",
+    "description": "Electron allows you to build cross-platform desktop applications with HTML, CSS, and Javascript/Typescript. It uses Chromium and Node.js, so essentially it is a \"Browser\" like application that is compatible with Mac, Windows, and Linux.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Electron Website",
+        "url": "https://www.electronjs.org/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Electron Docs",
+        "url": "https://www.electronjs.org/docs/latest/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Electron",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/electron?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Create a Desktop App With JavaScript & Electron",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ML743nrkMHw",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "GJctl0tVXe4B70s35RkLT": {
+    "title": "Tauri",
+    "description": "Tauri is a toolkit that helps developers make applications for the major desktop platforms - using virtually any frontend framework in existence. The core is built with Rust, and the CLI leverages Node.js making Tauri a genuinely polyglot approach to creating and maintaining great apps.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Tauri Website",
+        "url": "https://tauri.app/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Tauri Docs",
+        "url": "https://tauri.app/v1/guides/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How Tauri Turns Web Designs into Compact Native Apps",
+        "url": "https://thenewstack.io/how-tauri-turns-web-designs-into-compact-native-apps/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "2MRvAK9G9RGM_auWytcKh": {
+    "title": "Flutter",
+    "description": "Flutter is a free and open-source multi-platform UI framework created by Google and released in May 2017. In a few words, it allows you to create a native mobile application with only one codebase. This means that you can use one programming language and one codebase to create three different apps (for iOS, Android and Desktop).\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Visit Dedicated Flutter Roadmap",
+        "url": "/flutter",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Flutter Website",
+        "url": "https://flutter.dev",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Flutter for Desktop",
+        "url": "https://flutter.dev/multi-platform/desktop",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Learn Dart Programming",
+        "url": "https://www.tutorialspoint.com/dart_programming/index.htm",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "12 Ways Flutter Streamlines App Development",
+        "url": "https://thenewstack.io/12-ways-flutter-streamlines-app-development/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Flutter",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/flutter?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Flutter Tutorial for Beginners",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1ukSR1GRtMU&list=PL4cUxeGkcC9jLYyp2Aoh6hcWuxFDX6PBJ",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "-DsETM9xLgHyGZthptj1Y": {
+    "title": "PRPL Pattern",
+    "description": "The PRPL pattern is a performance optimization pattern for web applications that focuses on minimizing the time it takes for the initial rendering of a web page. It stands for Push, Render, Pre-cache, and Lazy-load, and it involves the following steps:\n\n*   Push: Prioritize the delivery of critical resources, such as HTML, CSS, and JavaScript, to the client as early as possible.\n*   Render: Start rendering the web page as soon as the critical resources are received, even if some non-critical resources are still being downloaded.\n*   Pre-cache: Pre-cache non-critical resources in the background so that they are available when needed.\n*   Lazy-load: Defer the loading of non-critical resources until they are needed, such as when the user scrolls to them or interacts with them.\n\nThe PRPL pattern is designed to improve the perceived performance of a web page by reducing the time it takes for the page to become interactive. It is particularly useful for applications that are served over slow or unreliable networks, as it allows the page to render as quickly as possible and then gradually load the remaining resources.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "PRPL Pattern - Google Developers",
+        "url": "https://developers.google.com/web/fundamentals/performance/prpl-pattern",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "xD5WfEP7Ez0oi3890UgmH": {
+    "title": "RAIL Model",
+    "description": "The RAIL model is a performance optimization model for web applications that focuses on improving the perceived performance of a web page. It stands for Response, Animation, Idle, and Load, and it involves the following four performance goals:\n\n*   Response: The time it takes for the web page to respond to user input should be under 100 milliseconds.\n*   Animation: The time it takes for an animation to run should be under 10 milliseconds.\n*   Idle: The web page should take advantage of idle time to perform non-critical tasks.\n*   Load: The time it takes for the web page to fully load should be under 1 second.\n\nThe RAIL model is designed to provide a framework for optimizing the performance of a web page by focusing on the four key areas that impact the user's perception of performance. It is particularly useful for applications that require high levels of interactivity, such as games and social media applications.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "RAIL Model - Google Developers",
+        "url": "https://developers.google.com/web/fundamentals/performance/rail",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "X0Y3-IpPiFUCsNDK4RFxw": {
+    "title": "Performance Metrics",
+    "description": "Web performance metrics are quantitative measures of the performance of a web page or application. They are used to assess the speed and efficiency of a web page, and they can help identify areas for improvement. Some common web performance metrics include:\n\n*   Load time: The time it takes for a web page to fully load and become interactive.\n*   First contentful paint (FCP): The time it takes for the first content to appear on the page.\n*   Time to interactive (TTI): The time it takes for the page to become fully interactive.\n*   First input delay (FID): The time it takes for the page to respond to the first user input.\n*   Total blocking time (TBT): The time it takes for the page to become fully interactive, taking into account the time spent blocking the main thread.\n\nThere are many tools and techniques available for measuring web performance metrics, including browser dev tools, performance monitoring tools, and web performance APIs. By tracking these metrics and analyzing the results, web developers can identify areas for improvement and optimize the performance of their web pages.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Web Performance Metrics - Google Developers",
+        "url": "https://developers.google.com/web/fundamentals/performance/user-centric-performance-metrics",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Measuring performance and user experience - Google Developers",
+        "url": "https://web.dev/metrics/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Measuring performance and user experience - MDN",
+        "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/Guide/Performance",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Performance",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/performance?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "RIhHMHLsLLPhNl05Q9aBf": {
+    "title": "Using Lighthouse",
+    "description": "Lighthouse is an open-source tool developed by Google that is used to audit the performance, accessibility, and SEO of web pages. It is available as a browser extension and as a command-line tool, and it can be run on any web page to generate a report with recommendations for improvement.\n\nLighthouse works by simulating the load and interaction of a web page and measuring various performance metrics, such as load time, time to first paint, and time to interactive. It also checks for common issues such as incorrect image sizes, missing alt text, and broken links.\n\nLighthouse provides a comprehensive and easy-to-use tool for identifying and fixing performance and accessibility issues on web pages. It is widely used by web developers and is integrated into many popular development tools.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Lighthouse - Google Developers",
+        "url": "https://developers.google.com/web/tools/lighthouse",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Lighthouse",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/lighthouse?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Improving Load Performance - Chrome DevTools 101",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5fLW5Q5ODiE",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "3_sJHKTogkDoCjR518-OL": {
+    "title": "Using DevTools",
+    "description": "Most of the browsers have built-in developer tools that help you perform web development specific tasks on a webpage. My personal recommendation would be to use Chrome DevTools as it is the most advanced and has the most features. However, if you are using a different browser, you can still use the DevTools to debug your web application.\n\nChrome DevTools is a set of web development tools built into the Google Chrome browser. It allows web developers to debug and optimize web pages by providing a range of features for inspecting and manipulating the page's HTML, CSS, and JavaScript.\n\nSome of the features provided by Chrome DevTools include:\n\n*   **Elements panel**: Inspect and modify the page's HTML and CSS.\n*   **Console panel**: View and debug JavaScript errors and log messages.\n*   **Network panel**: Monitor network requests and responses, and analyze performance issues.\n*   **Performance panel**: Analyze the performance of the page and identify bottlenecks.\n*   **Application panel**: Inspect the page's resources, such as cookies and local storage.\n\nChrome DevTools is a powerful and essential tool for web developers, and it is widely used to debug and optimize web pages. It is constantly updated with new features and improvements, and it is available on all modern web browsers.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Chrome DevTools - Google Developers",
+        "url": "https://developers.google.com/web/tools/chrome-devtools",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about DevTools",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/devtools?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "raoa-75p_DyBAycvy3yVv": {
+    "title": "Storage",
+    "description": "The Web Storage API provides mechanisms for storing key-value pairs in a web browser. It includes two storage objects: localStorage and sessionStorage, which allow you to save data on the client side and persist it across multiple browser sessions, respectively.\n\nThe Web Storage API is designed to be simple and easy to use, and it is widely supported across modern web browsers. It is often used as an alternative to cookies, as it allows for larger amounts of data to be stored and is more efficient in terms of performance.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Web Storage API - MDN",
+        "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Web_Storage_API",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Storage",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/storage?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "NDJR8UCoa31v45TBFP7we": {
+    "title": "Web Sockets",
+    "description": "Web Sockets is a technology that allows for full-duplex communication over a single TCP connection. It enables real-time, bi-directional communication between a client and a server, and is typically used in applications that require high-speed, low-latency communication, such as online gaming and real-time data streaming.\n\nWeb Sockets utilizes a persistent connection between a client and a server, allowing for continuous data exchange without the need for the client to send additional requests to the server. This makes it more efficient and faster than other technologies, such as HTTP, which require a new request to be sent for each piece of data.\n\nWeb Sockets is supported by most modern web browsers and can be used with a variety of programming languages and frameworks.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Web Sockets - MDN",
+        "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/WebSockets_API",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "doPe92aUpo-8KWhi45lWK": {
+    "title": "Server Sent Events",
+    "description": "Server-Sent Events (SSE) is a technology that allows a web server to push data to a client in real-time. It uses an HTTP connection to send a stream of data from the server to the client, and the client can listen for these events and take action when they are received.\n\nSSE is useful for applications that require real-time updates, such as chat systems, stock tickers, and social media feeds. It is a simple and efficient way to establish a long-lived connection between a client and a server, and it is supported by most modern web browsers.\n\nTo use SSE, the client must create an EventSource object and specify the URL of the server-side script that will send the events. The server can then send events by writing them to the response stream with the proper formatting.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Server-Sent Events - MDN",
+        "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Server-sent_events",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "TldWoXiqKxM4X3JONKAR7": {
+    "title": "Service Workers",
+    "description": "Service Workers are a type of web worker that acts as a proxy between a web page and the network, allowing web developers to build offline-first and reliable applications. Service Workers can intercept network requests, access the cache, and make decisions on how to respond to a request based on the available resources.\n\nService Workers are written in JavaScript and are registered by a web page. Once registered, they can control the page and all its requests, even when the page is not open in a browser. This allows Service Workers to enable features such as push notifications, background synchronization, and offline support.\n\nService Workers are supported by most modern web browsers, and they are an essential component of progressive web applications (PWAs).\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Service Workers - MDN",
+        "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Service_Worker_API",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "YbGGYoKJEx29PlvopUBiM": {
+    "title": "Location",
+    "description": "The Geolocation API is a web API that provides access to the device's location data, such as latitude and longitude. It allows web developers to build location-based applications, such as mapping and location sharing, by using the device's GPS, Wi-Fi, and other sensors to determine the user's location.\n\nTo use the Geolocation API, a web page must first request permission from the user to access their location. If permission is granted, the page can then use the `navigator.geolocation` object to access the device's location data. The API provides several methods for getting the user's current location, watching for location changes, and calculating distances between two locations.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Geolocation API - MDN",
+        "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Geolocation_API",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "6AlcArOiJMhHXguAosDzn": {
+    "title": "Notifications",
+    "description": "The Notifications API is a web API that allows web pages to display system-level notifications to the user. These notifications can be used to alert the user of important events, such as new messages or updates, even when the web page is not open in the browser.\n\nTo use the Notifications API, a web page must first request permission from the user to display notifications. If permission is granted, the page can then use the `Notification` constructor to create a new notification and display it to the user. The notification can include a title, body text, and an icon, and it can be customized with options such as a timeout and a click action.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Notifications API - MDN",
+        "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Notifications_API",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How To Send Push Notifications With JavaScript",
+        "url": "https://youtu.be/Bm0JjR4kP8w?si=-2Nu0I2Zl9f-R1zj",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "Fd0hQh1DleM0gMzCpGou4": {
+    "title": "Device Orientation",
+    "description": "The Device Orientation API is a web API that provides access to the device's orientation and motion data, such as its pitch, roll, and yaw. It allows web developers to build applications that can respond to the device's orientation and motion, such as augmented reality and motion-controlled games.\n\nTo use the Device Orientation API, a web page must first request permission from the user to access the device's orientation data. If permission is granted, the page can then use the DeviceOrientationEvent object to access the device's orientation data and respond to changes in orientation. The API provides several properties for accessing the device's orientation and motion data, as well as events for detecting changes in orientation.\n\nThe Device Orientation API is supported by most modern web browsers and is often used in conjunction with other APIs, such as the Geolocation API, to build location-based applications.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Device Orientation API - MDN",
+        "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Device_orientation_events",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "MAM1nuVk-h4AvTUk4nvmj": {
+    "title": "Payments",
+    "description": "The Payment Request API is a web API that allows web developers to build checkout flows within their web applications. It provides a standardized, browser-based interface for collecting payment and shipping information from the user, and it supports a wide range of payment methods, including credit cards, debit cards, and digital wallets.\n\nTo use the Payment Request API, a web page must first create a `PaymentRequest` object and specify the payment and shipping options that are available to the user. The page can then invoke the Payment Request UI by calling the `show()` method on the `PaymentRequest` object. The user can then select their preferred payment and shipping options and confirm the payment, at which point the Payment Request API will return a payment response object that can be used to complete the transaction.\n\nThe Payment Request API is supported by most modern web browsers and is designed to be simple and efficient for both the developer and the user.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Payment Request API - MDN",
+        "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Payment_Request_API",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "opu2bAsmdWHqWqtsCscLC": {
+    "title": "Credentials",
+    "description": "The Credential Management API is a web API that allows web developers to integrate password-based and federated login flows into their applications. It provides a standardized, browser-based interface for storing and retrieving user credentials, such as username and password combinations and OAuth tokens.\n\nTo use the Credential Management API, a web page must first create a Credential object and specify the credentials that the user wishes to store. The page can then use the navigator.credentials object to store and retrieve the user's credentials. The API provides several methods for storing and retrieving credentials, as well as for prompting the user to sign in or sign up.\n\nThe Credential Management API is supported by most modern web browsers and is designed to improve the security and usability of login flows by allowing the user to store and reuse their credentials across multiple sites and devices.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Credential Management API - MDN",
+        "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Credential_Management_API",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "h26uS3muFCabe6ekElZcI": {
+    "title": "SWC",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "wA2fSYsbBYU02VJXAvUz8": {
+    "title": "Astro",
+    "description": "Astro is an all-in-one web framework for building fast, content-focused websites. Astro combines the power of a modern component-based framework with the performance and flexibility of a static site generator.\n\n*   Component Islands: A new web architecture for building faster websites.\n*   Server-first API design: Move expensive hydration off of your users’ devices.\n*   Zero JS, by default: No JavaScript runtime overhead to slow you down.\n*   Edge-ready: Deploy anywhere, even a global edge runtime like Deno or Cloudflare.\n*   Customizable: Tailwind, MDX, and 100+ other integrations to choose from.\n*   UI-agnostic: Supports React, Preact, Svelte, Vue, Solid, Lit and more.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Official Astro Website",
+        "url": "https://astro.build/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Official Astro Docs",
+        "url": "https://docs.astro.build/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/public/roadmap-content/full-stack.json b/public/roadmap-content/full-stack.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4f027568e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/public/roadmap-content/full-stack.json
@@ -0,0 +1,862 @@
+{
+  "B0kARTODvCBi0iOF8iiqI": {
+    "title": "HTML",
+    "description": "HTML stands for HyperText Markup Language. It is used on the frontend and gives the structure to the webpage which you can style using CSS and make interactive using JavaScript.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Interactive HTML Course",
+        "url": "https://github.com/denysdovhan/learnyouhtml",
+        "type": "opensource"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "W3Schools: Learn HTML",
+        "url": "https://www.w3schools.com/html/html_intro.asp",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about HTML",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/html?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "HTML Full Course - Build a Website Tutorial",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pQN-pnXPaVg",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "HTML Tutorial for Beginners: HTML Crash Course",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qz0aGYrrlhU",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "HTML and CSS Full Course - Beginner To Pro",
+        "url": "https://youtu.be/a_iQb1lnAEQ",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "dAJHWmGeiYdzZ1ZjrWz1S": {
+    "title": "CSS",
+    "description": "CSS or Cascading Style Sheets is the language used to style the frontend of any website. CSS is a cornerstone technology of the World Wide Web, alongside HTML and JavaScript.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "W3Schools — Learn CSS",
+        "url": "https://www.w3schools.com/css/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Learn to Code HTML & CSS",
+        "url": "https://learn.shayhowe.com/html-css/building-your-first-web-page/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What The Flexbox!",
+        "url": "https://flexbox.io/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about CSS",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/css?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "CSS Crash Course For Absolute Beginners",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yfoY53QXEnI",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "HTML and CSS Tutorial",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D-h8L5hgW-w",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "CSS Masterclass - Tutorial & Course for Beginners",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FqmB-Zj2-PA",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "T9PB6WQf-Fa9NXKKvVOy_": {
+    "title": "JavaScript",
+    "description": "JavaScript allows you to add interactivity to your pages. Common examples that you may have seen on the websites are sliders, click interactions, popups and so on.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:\n\nWe also have this [JavaScript roadmap](/javascript). You don't need to follow it right now, just learn from some courses and revisit the roadmap later in your journey.",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "W3Schools – JavaScript Tutorial",
+        "url": "https://www.w3schools.com/js/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "The Modern JavaScript Tutorial",
+        "url": "https://javascript.info/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Exploring JS: JavaScript books for programmers",
+        "url": "https://exploringjs.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about JavaScript",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/javascript?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "JavaScript Crash Course for Beginners",
+        "url": "https://youtu.be/hdI2bqOjy3c?t=2",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Build a Netflix Landing Page Clone with HTML, CSS & JS",
+        "url": "https://youtu.be/P7t13SGytRk",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "mGgx_QTEPmVKf6AijX9fi": {
+    "title": "npm",
+    "description": "npm is a package manager for the JavaScript programming language maintained by npm, Inc. npm is the default package manager for the JavaScript runtime environment Node.js.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "How to NPM",
+        "url": "https://github.com/workshopper/how-to-npm",
+        "type": "opensource"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Modern JavaScript for Dinosaurs",
+        "url": "https://peterxjang.com/blog/modern-javascript-explained-for-dinosaurs.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "An Absolute Beginners Guide to Using npm",
+        "url": "https://nodesource.com/blog/an-absolute-beginners-guide-to-using-npm/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about NPM",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/npm?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "NPM tutorial for Beginners",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2V1UUhBJ62Y",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "NPM Crash Course",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jHDhaSSKmB0",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "WsdUAEaI7FX6DKKhPXUHp": {
+    "title": "Checkpoint - Static Webpages",
+    "description": "Now that you have learnt HTML and CSS, you should be able to build static webpages. I recommend you to build as many test projects at each yellow step of the roadmap as possible to solidify what you learn.\n\nThe practice that I used to follow when I was learning was this:\n\n*   While you are watching a course or reading a book, make sure to code along with the instructor/author — pause the video at regular intervals and code what you are being taught.\n*   Search on YouTube and watch a few project based tutorials on the topic that you are learning. Apart from coding along with the instructor:\n    *   Try to build the same project at least 2 to 3 times on your own without looking at the video. If you get stuck, refer to the section of the video where the instructor builds that part of the project.\n    *   Build something else that is similar to the project that you just built. For example, if you just built a todo app, try to build a notes app or a reminder app.\n\nProject Ideas\n-------------\n\nNow that you have learnt HTML and CSS, here are a few ideas for you to build:\n\n*   Try to copy the design of a website that you like.\n    *   Here is a [simple blog design in figma](https://www.figma.com/file/nh0V05z3NB87ue9v5PcO3R/writings.dev?type=design&node-id=0%3A1&t=2iQplaIojU3ydAfW-1) that you can try to copy.\n    *   Or try to rebuild the [webpages of this website](https://cs.fyi/).\n*   Take some inspiration from [personal portfolios of others](https://astro.build/showcase/) and build your own personal portfolio",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "2DFzoIUjKdAKGjfu_SCfa": {
+    "title": "Checkpoint - Interactivity",
+    "description": "At this point you should be able to add interactivity to your web pages using JavaScript. You should make sure that you have learnt the following:\n\n*   Know about variables, loops, data types, conditionals, functions.\n*   Know about arrays and objects and different ways to access their data.\n*   Know how to select DOM elements.\n*   Add event listeners to DOM elements (e.g. click, focus, form submission).\n*   Use JavaScript to add and remove DOM elements\n*   Add and remove classes from DOM elements\n*   Use JavaScript to make HTTP requests to external APIs (i.e. `fetch`)\n*   Use JavaScript to store data in the browser's local storage\n\nHere are few ideas to practice your skills:\n\n*   Create a simple to-do list app that allows users to search, add, edit, and delete items. Use local storage to store the data.\n*   Create a simple webpage where user can put in anyone's GitHub username and see their profile information. You can use GitHub's API to fetch the data. For example, here is the [sample URL to fetch my data](https://api.github.com/users/kamranahmedse). Make sure to add validation and error handling.\n*   Create a basic calculator app that allows users to perform basic arithmetic operations.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "We2APJpOPTr-VNfowG0kI": {
+    "title": "Git",
+    "description": "[Git](https://git-scm.com/) is a free and open source distributed version control system designed to handle everything from small to very large projects with speed and efficiency.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Learn Git with Tutorials, News and Tips - Atlassian",
+        "url": "https://www.atlassian.com/git",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Git Cheat Sheet",
+        "url": "https://cs.fyi/guide/git-cheatsheet",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Git",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/git?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Git & GitHub Crash Course For Beginners",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SWYqp7iY_Tc",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Git Tutorial For Dummies",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mJ-qvsxPHpY",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "8sPXL8iClpPqje03ksses": {
+    "title": "GitHub",
+    "description": "GitHub is a provider of Internet hosting for software development and version control using Git. It offers the distributed version control and source code management functionality of Git, plus its own features.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "GitHub Website",
+        "url": "https://github.com",
+        "type": "opensource"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "GitHub Documentation",
+        "url": "https://docs.github.com/en/get-started/quickstart",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How to Use Git in a Professional Dev Team",
+        "url": "https://ooloo.io/project/github-flow",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about GitHub",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/github?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is GitHub?",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w3jLJU7DT5E",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Git vs. GitHub: Whats the difference?",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wpISo9TNjfU",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Git and GitHub for Beginners",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RGOj5yH7evk",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Git and GitHub - CS50 Beyond 2019",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eulnSXkhE7I",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "R4aeJNOrfWyVp3ea-qF4H": {
+    "title": "Checkpoint - External Packages",
+    "description": "At this point, you should be able to install and use external packages using `npm`. You probably know about [npmjs.com](https://npmjs.com/) where you can search for packages and read their documentation. You should also be familiar with the `package.json` file and how to use it to manage your project dependencies.\n\nYou don't need to get into the module bundlers and build tools just yet. Just make sure that you are able to use the dependencies installed in the `node_modules` folder using simple link and script tags in your HTML.\n\nRegarding projects, here are a few ideas that you can try:\n\n*   Create a simple webpage that shows the current time of user. You can use [dayjs](https://day.js.org/) to get the current time and display it on the page. Here is the [sample design for homepage](https://i.imgur.com/yGIMGkr.png).\n*   Install the [micromodal](https://micromodal.vercel.app/#introduction) library. Create a button on the page clicking which should open a modal and let the user select a timezone from a dropdown. Once the user selects a timezone, the modal should close and the time on the page should be updated to show the time in the selected timezone. Here is the [sample design for the modal](https://imgur.com/a/vFY6Sdl).",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "CVCqdPkq_hGQfI8EEi5RC": {
+    "title": "Tailwind CSS",
+    "description": "CSS Framework that provides atomic CSS classes to help you style components e.g. `flex`, `pt-4`, `text-center` and `rotate-90` that can be composed to build any design, directly in your markup.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Tailwind Website",
+        "url": "https://tailwindcss.com",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Tailwind CSS",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/tailwind-css?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Tailwind CSS Full Course for Beginners",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lCxcTsOHrjo",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Tailwind CSS Crash Course",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UBOj6rqRUME",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Should You Use Tailwind CSS?",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hdGsFpZ0J2E",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Official Screencasts",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/c/TailwindLabs/videos",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "khoUtTUxdf8udAzN9_CAb": {
+    "title": "React",
+    "description": "React is the most popular front-end JavaScript library for building user interfaces. React can also render on the server using Node and power mobile apps using React Native.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Visit Dedicated React Roadmap",
+        "url": "/react",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "React Website",
+        "url": "https://reactjs.org/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Official Getting Started",
+        "url": "https://reactjs.org/tutorial/tutorial.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about React",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/react?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "React JS Course for Beginners",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nTeuhbP7wdE",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "React Course - Beginners Tutorial for React",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bMknfKXIFA8",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Understanding Reacts UI Rendering Process",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i793Qm6kv3U",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "zFGWxgLPcZoW7KIzlnSV9": {
+    "title": "Checkpoint - Collaborative Work",
+    "description": "Now that you have learnt git and GitHub you should be ready to work with others. You should now setup your GitHub profile and push all the projects that you have built so far to your GitHub profile. Here are some of my recommendations for your GitHub profile:\n\n*   Keep the repository names lowercase and use hyphens to separate words e.g. `todo-app` instead of `TodoApp` or `Todo-App`.\n*   Add a `README.md` file to each repository that you create. This file should contain a description of the project. Put some effort into the readme and make sure it clearly details what the project is about and how anyone can run it locally.\n*   Add snapshots of your project to the readme file so that anyone can see what the project looks like without having to run it locally.\n*   Add a `LICENSE` file to each repository that you create. This file should contain the license that you want to use for the project. You can use [choosealicense.com](https://choosealicense.com/) to help you choose a license.\n\nYou can have a look at [my GitHub profile](https://github.com/kamranahmedse) and see how I have structured my repositories and how [some of my readme files look like](https://github.com/kamranahmedse/aws-cost-cli).",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "7JU1cVggMDoZUV-adGsf-": {
+    "title": "Checkpoint - Frontend Apps",
+    "description": "At this point you should be able to build a complete frontend application including:\n\n*   Structuring your webpages with HTML\n*   Styling your webpages with CSS\n*   Adding interactivity to your webpages with JavaScript\n*   Using the DOM API to manipulate your webpages\n*   Using the Fetch API to make HTTP requests\n*   Understand promises and use `async`/`await` syntax to write asynchronous code\n*   Installing and using external libraries with npm\n*   Version controlling your code with Git\n*   Pushing your code to GitHub\n\nIf you decided to skip React and Tailwind for now, that is fine also but you should be able to build a complete frontend application using vanilla HTML, CSS, and JavaScript. However, keep in mind that the modern frontend applications are mostly built with frameworks like React, Vue, and Angular. So, you should learn at least one of them at any point of time.\n\nThis marks the end of frontend basics that you needed, we will now be moving to the backend development. While you continue with the backend development, know that there is more to frontend development and remember to checkout the [frontend roadmap](/frontend) later in your journey.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "_aA6Hp4KkgJeptqo8oKTg": {
+    "title": "Node.js",
+    "description": "Node.js is an open-source and cross-platform JavaScript runtime environment. It is a popular tool for almost any kind of project! Node.js runs the V8 JavaScript engine, Google Chrome's core, outside the browser. This allows Node.js to be very performant. A Node.js app runs in a single process, without creating a new thread for every request. Node.js provides a set of asynchronous I/O primitives in its standard library that prevent JavaScript code from blocking and generally, libraries in Node.js are written using non-blocking paradigms, making blocking behavior the exception rather than the norm.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Official Website",
+        "url": "https://nodejs.org/en/about/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Learn Node.js Official Website",
+        "url": "https://nodejs.org/en/learn/getting-started/introduction-to-nodejs",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Node.JS Introduction",
+        "url": "https://www.w3schools.com/nodejs/nodejs_intro.asp",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Node.js",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/nodejs?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Node.js and Express.js Full Course",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Oe421EPjeBE",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "JGu0TKwAw-ieiG92BytYI": {
+    "title": "Checkpoint — CLI Apps",
+    "description": "At this point you should be able to build CLI applications using Node.js or whatever backend programming language you picked.\n\nYou should be able to build a CLI application that can:\n\n*   Read and write files\n*   Parse command line arguments\n*   Make HTTP requests\n*   Parse JSON\n*   Use a third-party library (e.g. a library for parsing CSV files)\n*   Use a third-party API\n\nHere are some ideas for CLI applications you can build:\n\n*   Create a CLI application that takes a URL and a CSS selector arguments and prints the text content of the element that matches the selector. **Hint** you can use [cheerio](https://github.com/cheeriojs/cheerio)\n*   An application that optionally takes two dates and prints the most starred GitHub projects in that date range. **Hint** you can use [GitHub's search API](https://developer.github.com/v3/search/#search-repositories)\n*   Bulk rename files in a directory. **Hint** you can use [fs](https://nodejs.org/api/fs.html) and [path](https://nodejs.org/api/path.html)\n*   Write a CLI application that takes a path as input and compresses all the images in that directory. It should accept an option for output path; if the output path is not given it should compress images in place otherwise write the compressed images to the output path. **Hint** you can use [sharp](https://github.com/lovell/sharp).",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "vmHbWdmMHF53otXIrqzRV": {
+    "title": "RESTful APIs",
+    "description": "REST, or REpresentational State Transfer, is an architectural style for providing standards between computer systems on the web, making it easier for systems to communicate with each other.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is a REST API?",
+        "url": "https://www.redhat.com/en/topics/api/what-is-a-rest-api",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Roy Fieldings dissertation chapter, Representational State Transfer (REST)",
+        "url": "https://www.ics.uci.edu/~fielding/pubs/dissertation/rest_arch_style.htm",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Learn REST: A RESTful Tutorial",
+        "url": "https://restapitutorial.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "3EtGLO6cwkLc1-o9gwFNk": {
+    "title": "Checkpoint — Simple CRUD Apps",
+    "description": "**CRUD** stands for **Create, Read, Update, and Delete**. These are the four basic operations you can perform on any data when working with web applications, databases, and APIs.\n\nNow that you know about programming language and the databases, you should be able to build a simple CLI application that interacts with database. We haven't talked about the APIs yet but you don't need an API to practice CRUD operations. Here are some of the CLI applications you can build to practice CRUD operations:\n\n*   A simple todo list application for the CLI with the following options:\n    *   `--new` to add a new todo item\n    *   `--list [all|pending|done]` to list the todo items\n    *   `--done [id]` to update a todo item\n    *   `--delete [id]` to delete a todo item\n    *   `--help` to list all the available options\n    *   `--version` to print the version of the application",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "vHojhJYjiN0IwruEqi1Dv": {
+    "title": "JWT Auth",
+    "description": "JWT stands for JSON Web Token is a token-based encryption open standard/methodology that is used to transfer information securely as a JSON object. Clients and Servers use JWT to securely share information, with the JWT containing encoded JSON objects and claims. JWT tokens are designed to be compact, safe to use within URLs, and ideal for SSO contexts.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "jwt.io Website",
+        "url": "https://jwt.io/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Introduction to JSON Web Tokens",
+        "url": "https://jwt.io/introduction",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is JWT?",
+        "url": "https://www.akana.com/blog/what-is-jwt",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about JWT",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/jwt?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What Is JWT and Why Should You Use JWT",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7Q17ubqLfaM",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is JWT? JSON Web Token Explained",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=926mknSW9Lo",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "JWT Authentication Tutorial - Node.js",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mbsmsi7l3r4",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "Onfd7Sl8LG2sjh2aQY7gb": {
+    "title": "Redis",
+    "description": "Redis is an open source (BSD licensed), in-memory **data structure store** used as a database, cache, message broker, and streaming engine. Redis provides data structures such as [strings](https://redis.io/topics/data-types-intro#strings), [hashes](https://redis.io/topics/data-types-intro#hashes), [lists](https://redis.io/topics/data-types-intro#lists), [sets](https://redis.io/topics/data-types-intro#sets), [sorted sets](https://redis.io/topics/data-types-intro#sorted-sets) with range queries, [bitmaps](https://redis.io/topics/data-types-intro#bitmaps), [hyperloglogs](https://redis.io/topics/data-types-intro#hyperloglogs), [geospatial indexes](https://redis.io/commands/geoadd), and [streams](https://redis.io/topics/streams-intro). Redis has built-in [replication](https://redis.io/topics/replication), [Lua scripting](https://redis.io/commands/eval), [LRU eviction](https://redis.io/topics/lru-cache), [transactions](https://redis.io/topics/transactions), and different levels of [on-disk persistence](https://redis.io/topics/persistence), and provides high availability via [Redis Sentinel](https://redis.io/topics/sentinel) and automatic partitioning with [Redis Cluster](https://redis.io/topics/cluster-tutorial).\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Redis Website",
+        "url": "https://redis.io/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Redis",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/redis?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Redis in 100 Seconds",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G1rOthIU-uo",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Redis Caching in Node.js",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oaJq1mQ3dFI",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "SHTSvMDqI7X1_ZT7-m--n": {
+    "title": "Linux Basics",
+    "description": "Knowledge of UNIX is a must for almost all kind of development as most of the codes that you write is most likely going to be finally deployed on a UNIX/Linux machine. Linux has been the backbone of the free and open source software movement, providing a simple and elegant operating system for almost all your needs.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Coursera - Unix Courses",
+        "url": "https://www.coursera.org/courses?query=unix",
+        "type": "course"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Linux Basics",
+        "url": "https://dev.to/rudrakshi99/linux-basics-2onj",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Unix / Linux Tutorial",
+        "url": "https://www.tutorialspoint.com/unix/index.htm",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Linux",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/linux?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Linux Operating System - Crash Course",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ROjZy1WbCIA",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "v4NF25lJElAtkU0Rm6Fob": {
+    "title": "Checkpoint — Complete App",
+    "description": "At this point, you should have everything that you need to build a complete application that:\n\n*   Has a responsive frontend that users can interact with\n*   Has a backend API that is secured with JWT authentication\n*   Has a database that stores data\n\nAt this point you should practice building as much as you can on your own to solidify your knowledge. If you need inspiration, here are some ideas:\n\n*   Build a simple blogging application where users can register, login, setup their blog and write posts.\n*   A single page site builder where users can pick a template, modify it and publish it. **Hint** you will need filesystem to store the design templates. Template files will have placeholders that you will need to replace with user data.\n*   Build a simple e-commerce application which will have two types of users i.e. **Sellers** who can: Register as Seller, Login, Setup their store, Add products, Edit products, Delete products, View Received Orders, Update Order Status (Pending, Shipped, Delivered), **Buyers** who can register, Login, Browse products by all sellers, Add products to cart, Checkout, View order history, View order status, Cancel order, View seller profile, View seller products\n\nThese are just some ideas to get you started. You can build anything you want. The goal is to practice building a complete application from scratch.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "cUOfvOlQ_0Uu1VX3i67kJ": {
+    "title": "Basic AWS Services",
+    "description": "AWS has several services but you don't need to know all of them. Some common ones that you can start with are EC2, VPN, S3, Route 53, and SES.\n\nHere are some of the resources to get you started:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Up and Running with AWS VPC",
+        "url": "https://cs.fyi/guide/up-and-running-with-aws-vpc",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Up and Running with AWS EC2",
+        "url": "https://cs.fyi/guide/up-and-running-with-aws-ec2",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "VPC Basics",
+        "url": "https://cloudcasts.io/course/vpc-basics",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "EC2 Essentials",
+        "url": "https://cloudcasts.io/course/ec2-essentials",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about AWS",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/aws?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Deploy Node App on AWS EC2",
+        "url": "https://youtu.be/oHAQ3TzUTro",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "AWS VPC & Subnets For Beginners",
+        "url": "https://youtu.be/TUTqYEZZUdc",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Sam Meech-Ward's AWS Videos",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL0X6fGhFFNTcU-_MCPe9dkH6sqmgfhy_M",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "DNS with AWS Route 53",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yRIY7BJohfo",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Upload Images to S3 from Node Back End",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NZElg91l_ms",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "S3 Bucket Hosting a Static Website",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RoY3ekCCxKc&list=PL0X6fGhFFNTcU-_MCPe9dkH6sqmgfhy_M",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "6oBIxYj8WPcUHidQ99tus": {
+    "title": "EC2",
+    "description": "Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) is a web service that provides resizable compute capacity in the form of virtual servers, known as instances. With EC2, you can quickly scale your infrastructure up or down as your computing requirements change. This service effectively reduces the time required to obtain and boot new server instances, allowing you to easily adjust capacity according to the needs of your application.",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Up and Running with AWS EC2",
+        "url": "https://cs.fyi/guide/up-and-running-with-aws-ec2",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "EC2 Essentials",
+        "url": "https://cloudcasts.io/course/ec2-essentials",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about AWS EC2",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/aws-ec2?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Deploy Node App on AWS EC2",
+        "url": "https://youtu.be/oHAQ3TzUTro",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "QtL-bLKtWIdH00K6k_PdC": {
+    "title": "VPC",
+    "description": "VPC stands for **Virtual Private Cloud** and is an essential service provided by AWS that allows you to create a private, isolated section within the AWS cloud, where you can define your own virtual network. It offers a more secure and controlled environment, enabling you to easily launch and manage your resources within your personal network.",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Up and Running with AWS VPC",
+        "url": "https://cs.fyi/guide/up-and-running-with-aws-vpc",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "VPC Basics",
+        "url": "https://cloudcasts.io/course/vpc-basics",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "AWS VPC & Subnets For Beginners",
+        "url": "https://youtu.be/TUTqYEZZUdc",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "5zyYpu9cyuTFwQCjTbHpS": {
+    "title": "Route53",
+    "description": "[Route53](https://aws.amazon.com/route53/) is AWS's Domain Name System (DNS) service that plays a critical role in connecting user requests to your web application or other resources within your infrastructure. With Route53, you can easily manage domains, redirect traffic, and configure domain-related settings. It has several advantages, including high availability, low latency, and integration with other AWS resources.",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Amazon Route 53",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RGWgfhZByAI",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "AWS Route 53 Domain Name",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jDz4j_kkyLA",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "DNS with AWS Route 53",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yRIY7BJohfo&t=2s",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "B-cphY7Imnv6JBMujVIF7": {
+    "title": "SES",
+    "description": "Amazon SES (Simple Email Service) is a scalable, flexible, and cost-effective cloud-based email service that is specifically designed for developers, marketers, and businesses to send and receive marketing, transactional, and notification emails. SES is useful, especially when you need to send a large volume of emails, as it offers high deliverability, reliability, and ease of use.",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Contact Form Submission With AWS SES",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HiHflLTqiwU",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "n2Xp_ijJ2OS8xhE7xMWxk": {
+    "title": "S3",
+    "description": "S3 is a service that allows you to store files in the cloud. It's a simple service that you can use to store files and serve them to your users.",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about AWS S3",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/aws-s3?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Upload Images to S3 from Node Back End",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NZElg91l_ms",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "S3 Bucket Hosting a Static Website",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RoY3ekCCxKc&list=PL0X6fGhFFNTcU-_MCPe9dkH6sqmgfhy_M",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "y1SFX7uvWaCy4OYBnECLu": {
+    "title": "Monit",
+    "description": "When it comes to monitoring the health of your applications, there are several different options available. My favorite monitoring stack is Prometheus and Grafana, but it can be a bit overwhelming to set up and configure. If you're looking for a simpler solution, **Monit** is a great alternative that can be utilized to monitor and manage system resources such as services, processes, files, directories, devices, and network connections, making your application more reliable and resilient to issues like crashes, unresponsiveness, or resource exhaustion.\n\nSome of the key features of Monit are:\n\n*   **Automatic Recovery:** Monit can automatically restart a service or process if it fails, making your application more resistant to unexpected issues.\n*   **Alert Notifications:** Monit can send email notifications when a problem is detected or when a certain condition is met, keeping you informed about the health of your application.\n*   **Event Logging:** All events detected by Monit are stored in a log for easy troubleshooting and analysis.\n*   **Resource Limit Monitoring:** Monit can monitor the resource utilization (CPU, memory, network, etc.) of a process or service and take action if a specific limit is exceeded.\n*   **Flexible Configuration:** Monit uses a simple, human-readable configuration syntax that allows you to tailor its behavior to your needs.\n*   **Web Interface:** Monit provides a built-in web interface for remotely monitoring your application's status and manage services.\n\nHave a look at the following resources to learn more about Monit:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Monit documentation",
+        "url": "https://mmonit.com/monit/documentation/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Monit - Opensource Self Healing Server Monitoring",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3cA5lNje1Ow",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "HGhnbMg6jh6cAmUH4DtOx": {
+    "title": "PostgreSQL",
+    "description": "PostgreSQL, also known as Postgres, is a free and open-source relational database management system emphasizing extensibility and SQL compliance.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Visit Dedicated PostgreSQL DBA Roadmap",
+        "url": "/postgresql-dba",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Official Website",
+        "url": "https://www.postgresql.org/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Learn PostgreSQL - Full Tutorial for Beginners",
+        "url": "https://www.postgresqltutorial.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about PostgreSQL",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/postgresql?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Learn PostgreSQL Tutorial - Full Course for Beginners",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qw--VYLpxG4",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Postgres tutorial for Beginners",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eMIxuk0nOkU",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "J2_IWAb1s9zZcxOY3NXm2": {
+    "title": "Checkpoint — Deployment",
+    "description": "Now that you know the basics of AWS, you should be able to deploy your application to AWS. You don't need to use all the AWS services, here is what you can probably get started with:\n\n*   Setup an EC2 instance using any AMI (e.g. latest version of Ubuntu)\n*   SSH into the EC2 instance using the key pair you created\n*   Install Node.js on the EC2 instance\n*   Install Git on the EC2 instance\n*   Clone your application from GitHub\n*   Install and configure database on the EC2 instance (e.g. PostgreSQL)\n*   Make sure that the security group of the EC2 instance allows HTTP and HTTPS traffic\n*   Try to access your application using the public IP address of the EC2 instance\n*   Purchase or setup a domain name using Route53 (or any other domain name provider) and point it to the public IP address of the EC2 instance\n*   Setup HTTPs using [certbot](https://roadmap.sh/guides/setup-and-auto-renew-ssl-certificates)\n*   And voilla! You have deployed your application to AWS!\n\nIf you get stuck, here is a video that shows how to deploy a Node.js application to AWS EC2:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about CI/CD",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/cicd?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Deploy Node App on AWS EC2",
+        "url": "https://youtu.be/oHAQ3TzUTro",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "863KMXcFJzInvTp_-Ldmz": {
+    "title": "GitHub Actions",
+    "description": "GitHub Actions is a workflow automation tool provided by GitHub that can be used to automate various tasks in the app development process.",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Github Actions",
+        "url": "https://github.com/features/actions",
+        "type": "opensource"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Github Actions Documentation",
+        "url": "https://docs.github.com/en/actions",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about GitHub",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/github?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "5 Ways to DevOps-ify your App",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eB0nUzAI7M8",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "DevOps CI/CD Explained in 100 Seconds",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=scEDHsr3APg",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "NQmEl27eBPYhivcXdOEz3": {
+    "title": "Checkpoint — Monitoring",
+    "description": "You should now implement monitoring and autorestarts for your application using monit. Regarding autorestarts, you can also use [pm2](https://pm2.keymetrics.io/).\n\nHere are some of the monitors you should implement for the application.\n\n*   CPU Usage\n*   Memory Usage\n*   Disk Usage\n*   Network Usage\n*   Service Availability\n*   Process Availability\n\nMonit comes with existing configurations for many services. You can find them in `/etc/monit/conf-available`. You can copy them (and modify if required) to `/etc/monit/conf-enabled` to enable them.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "rFXupYpUFfp7vZO8zh614": {
+    "title": "Ansible",
+    "description": "Ansible is an open-source configuration management, application deployment and provisioning tool that uses its own declarative language in YAML. Ansible is agentless, meaning you only need remote connections via SSH or Windows Remote Management via Powershell in order to function\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Ansible Website",
+        "url": "https://www.ansible.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Official Documentation",
+        "url": "https://docs.ansible.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Ansible Getting Started Guide",
+        "url": "https://www.ansible.com/resources/get-started",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Ansible",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/ansible?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Ansible Full Course for Beginners",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9Ua2b06oAr4",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "liaY1GnlOateB_ZKBjNpY": {
+    "title": "Checkpoint — CI / CD",
+    "description": "Now that you have the infrastructure setup, it's time to automate the deployment process. This is where CI / CD comes in. If you don't know what CI/CD are, you should watch [DevOps CI/CD Explained in 100 Seconds](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=scEDHsr3APg).\n\nThe next step at this point is to implement CI/CD for your application using GitHub actions. Setup a GitHub action that, whenever you push to master, will automatically:\n\n*   Run your tests (ignore this step if you haven't learnt it yet)\n*   Deploy your application to AWS\n\nRegarding the deployment to AWS you can use `rsync` to copy the files to the server. Here's a [sample GitHub workflow](https://gist.github.com/kamranahmedse/1e94b412006040f38e24b9443b2da41a) using `rsync`.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "2kKHuQZScu7hCDgQWxl5u": {
+    "title": "Terraform",
+    "description": "Terraform is an extremely popular open source Infrastructure as Code (IaC) tool that can be used with many different cloud and service provider APIs. Terraform focuses on an immutable approach to infrastructure, with a terraform state file center to tracking the status of your real world infrastructure.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Terraform Website",
+        "url": "https://www.terraform.io/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Terraform Documentation",
+        "url": "https://www.terraform.io/docs",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Terraform Tutorials",
+        "url": "https://learn.hashicorp.com/terraform",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Terraform CDK Website",
+        "url": "https://www.terraform.io/cdktf",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is the CDKTF?",
+        "url": "https://www.terraform.io/cdktf/concepts/cdktf-architecture",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "CDKTF Getting Started Guide",
+        "url": "https://learn.hashicorp.com/tutorials/terraform/cdktf-install?in=terraform/cdktf",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "CDKTF Examples",
+        "url": "https://www.terraform.io/cdktf/examples",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How to Scale Your Terraform Infrastructure",
+        "url": "https://thenewstack.io/how-to-scale-your-terraform-infrastructure/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Terraform",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/terraform?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Intro to Terraform Video",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h970ZBgKINg&ab_channel=HashiCorp",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "sO_9-l4FECbaqiaFnyeXO": {
+    "title": "Checkpoint — Automation",
+    "description": "Now that you have learnt ansible, you can use it to automate the deployment of your application.\n\nA task for you at this point would be to automate the steps that you manually performed earlier when setting up the EC2 instance i.e. SSH into the server, install Node.js, Git, PostgreSQL, Running the application etc. Write an ansible playbook that automates these and see if you can spin up a new EC2 instance without SSHing into it and manually installing all the dependencies.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "YVMyHFSCVF-GgXydq-SFJ": {
+    "title": "Checkpoint — Infrastructure",
+    "description": "If you remember, earlier in the roadmap, you manually logged into the AWS console and had to setup the services. Now that you know terraform, go ahead and automate the process of creating the infrastructure for your application using terraform and with that your deployments will be fully automated i.e., you should have:\n\n*   Infrastructure setup using terraform\n*   Provisioning using Ansible\n*   CI/CD using GitHub Actions\n*   Monitoring using Monit\n\nAnd that is it! You have successfully completed the roadmap and are now a full-stack developer. Congratulations! 🎉\n\nWhat's next?\n------------\n\nGo ahead and build something cool! Share your learnings with the community and help others learn as well. If you have any questions, feel free to join our [discord server](https://discord.gg/ZrSpJ8zH) and ask away!",
+    "links": []
+  }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/public/roadmap-content/game-developer.json b/public/roadmap-content/game-developer.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..333db55e4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/public/roadmap-content/game-developer.json
@@ -0,0 +1,767 @@
+{
+  "rQArtuVKGVgLn_fw9yO3b": {
+    "title": "Client Side Development",
+    "description": "In game development, the term \"Client Side\" refers to all the operations and activities that occur on the player's machine, which could be a console, computer, or even a phone. The client side is responsible for rendering graphics, handling input from the user and sometimes processing game logic. This is in contrast to the server-side operations, which involve handling multiplayer connections and synchronizing game states among multiple clients. On the client side, developers need to ensure performance optimization, smooth UI/UX, quick load times, and security to provide an engaging, lag-free gaming experience. Security is also crucial to prevent cheating in multiplayer games, which can be tackled through measures like Data obfuscation and encryption.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "m1wX27XBWKXZcTMH2U1xp": {
+    "title": "Game Mathematics",
+    "description": "\"Game Mathematics\" is a critical aspect of game development that deals with the use of mathematical concepts to create and control game mechanics. This involves areas such as geometry for 3D modelling, logic for game rules, algebra for scoring systems, and trigonometry for movements or trajectories. Understanding game mathematics enables developers to implement features like physics simulation, AI behaviours, and procedural generation. Advanced topics include complex calculations for graphics (e.g., shaders, lighting) and calculus for continuous animation or advanced physics. The mathematical complexity depends on the game's demands, but a solid foundation is crucial for any game developer.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "grRf-MmaXimDB4iODOV47": {
+    "title": "Linear Algebra",
+    "description": "Linear Algebra is a vital field in Mathematics that is extensively used in game development. It revolves around vector spaces and the mathematical structures used therein, including matrices, determinants, vectors, eigenvalues, and eigenvectors, among others. In the context of game development, linear algebra is used mainly for computer graphics, physics, AI, and many more. It allows developers to work with spatial transformations, helping them manipulate and critically interact with the 3D space of the game. On a broader context, it is important in computer programming for algorithms, parallax shifting, polygonal modeling, collision detection, etc. From object movements, positional calculations, game physics, to creating dynamism in games, linear algebra is key.",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Math",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/math?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Linear Algebra full course by Kimberly Brehm",
+        "url": "https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLl-gb0E4MII03hiCrZa7YqxUMEeEPmZqK&si=_r0WDwh94NKJbs_R",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "yLEyh5XJ3sl8eHD-PoSvJ": {
+    "title": "Vector",
+    "description": "`Vector` in game development is a mathematical concept and an integral part of game physics. It represents a quantity that has both magnitude and direction. A vector can be used to represent different elements in a game like positions, velocities, accelerations, or directions. In 3D games, it's commonly used to define 3D coordinates (x, y, z). For example, if you have a character in a game and you want to move it up, you'd apply a vector that points upward. Hence, understanding how to manipulate vectors is a fundamental skill in game development.",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Introduction to Vectors (By Sebastian Lague)",
+        "url": "https://youtu.be/m7VY1T6f8Ak?feature=shared",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "Kg6Mg9ieUUGXWX9Lai7B0": {
+    "title": "Matrix",
+    "description": "In game development, a **matrix** is a fundamental part of game mathematics. It's a grid of numbers arranged into rows and columns that's particularly important in 3D game development. These matrices are typically 4x4, meaning they contain 16 floating point numbers, and they're used extensively for transformations. They allow for the scaling, rotation, and translation (moving) of 3D vertices in space. With matrices, these transformations can be combined, and transformed vertices can be used to draw the replicas of 3D models into 2D screen space for rendering.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "XWxW2ZBw3LcQ4DRk4tgAG": {
+    "title": "Geometry",
+    "description": "Geometry in game development refers to the mathematical study used to define the spatial elements within a game. This is vital in determining how objects interact within a game's environment. Particularly, geometry is employed in various aspects like object rendering, collision detection, character movement, and the calculation of angles and distance. It allows developers to create the spatial parameters for a game, including object dimensions and orientations. Understanding the basics such as 2D vs 3D, polygons, vertices, meshes and more advanced topics such as vectors, matrices, quaternions etc. is crucial to this field.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "XABzEU9owCx9-zw1id9xU": {
+    "title": "Linear Transformation",
+    "description": "`Linear transformations` or `linear maps` are an important concept in mathematics, particularly in the fields of linear algebra and functional analysis. A linear transformation can be thought of as a transformation that preserves the operations of addition and scalar multiplication. In other words, a transformation T is linear if for every pair of vectors `x` and `y`, the equation T(x + y) = T(x) + T(y) holds true. Similarly, for any scalar `c` and any vector `x`, the equation T(cx)=cT(x) should also hold true. This property makes them very useful when dealing with systems of linear equations, matrices, and in many areas of computer graphics, including game development.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "r5TcXQsU9s4NlAQIPvZ3U": {
+    "title": "Affine Space",
+    "description": "In the context of game mathematics, an **Affine Space** is a fundamental concept you should understand. It is a geometric structure with properties related to both geometry and algebra. The significant aspect of an affine space is that it allows you to work more comfortably with points and vectors. While a vector space on its own focuses on vectors which have both magnitude and direction, it does not involve points. An affine space makes it easy to add vectors to points or subtract points from each other to get vectors. This concept proves extremely useful in the field of game development, particularly when dealing with graphical models, animations, and motion control.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "SkCreb6g4i-OFtJWhRYqO": {
+    "title": "Affine Transformation",
+    "description": "An **affine transformation**, in the context of game mathematics, is a function between affine spaces which preserves points, straight lines and planes. Also, sets of parallel lines remain parallel after an affine transformation. In video games, it's typically used for manipulating an object's position in 3D space. This operation allows game developers to perform multiple transformations such as translation (moving an object from one place to another), scaling (changing the size of an object), and rotation (spinning the object around a point). An important feature of affine transformation is that it preserves points uniqueness; if two points are distinct to start with, they remain distinct after transformation. It's important to note that these transformations are applied relative to an object's own coordinate system, not the world coordinate system.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "iIWEjpkNFBj4R5wQ0mcWY": {
+    "title": "Orientation",
+    "description": "In the context of game development, **Orientation** refers to the aspect or direction in which an object is pointed in a 3D space. To determine an object's orientation in 3D space, we typically use three angles namely: pitch, yaw, and roll collectively known as Euler's angles. **Pitch** is the rotation around the X-axis, **Yaw** around the Y-axis and **Roll** around the Z-axis. Alternatively, orientation can also be represented using a Quaternion. Quaternions have the advantage of avoiding a problem known as Gimbal lock (a loss of one degree of freedom in 3D space), present when using Euler's angles.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "zPs_LlDvkfxvvCrk5fXB2": {
+    "title": "Quaternion",
+    "description": "The **quaternion** is a complex number system that extends the concept of rotations in three dimensions. It involves four components: one real and three imaginary parts. Quaternions are used in game development for efficient and accurate calculations of rotations and orientation. They are particularly useful over other methods, such as Euler angles, due to their resistance to problems like Gimbal lock. Despite their complex nature, understanding and implementing quaternions can greatly enhance a game's 3D rotational mechanics and accuracy.",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Understanding Quaternions",
+        "url": "https://www.3dgep.com/understanding-quaternions/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Unity docs - Quaternions",
+        "url": "https://docs.unity3d.com/ScriptReference/Quaternion.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Quaternions and 3d rotation,explained interactively",
+        "url": "https://youtu.be/zjMuIxRvygQ?si=ANmFr5k8JMUzBCUC",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "L0J2kvveJNsmN9ueXhqKf": {
+    "title": "Euler Angle",
+    "description": "The **Euler angle** is a concept in mathematics and physics used to describe the orientation of a rigid body or a coordinate system in 3D space. It uses three angles, typically named as alpha (α), beta (β), and gamma (γ), and represents three sequential rotations around the axes of the original coordinate system. Euler angles can represent any rotation as a sequence of three elementary rotations. Keep in mind, however, that Euler angles are not unique, and different sequences of rotations can represent identical total effects. It's also noteworthy that Euler angles are prone to a problem known as gimbal lock, where the first and third axis align, causing a loss of a degree of freedom, and unpredictable behavior in particular orientations.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "YTkOF_33oL1ZkA-loc_DP": {
+    "title": "Curve",
+    "description": "Curve\n-----",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "nTiHZXRh2j3_FsBotmlGf": {
+    "title": "Spline",
+    "description": "`Spline` is a mathematical function widely used in computer graphics for generating curves and surfaces. It connects two or more points through a smooth curve, often used in games for defining pathways, movement paths, object shapes, and flow control. Splines are not confined to two dimensions and can be extended to 3D or higher dimensions. Types of splines include `Linear`, `Cubic`, and `Bezier` splines. While linear splines generate straight lines between points, cubic and bezier splines provide more control and complexity with the addition of control points and handles. Developing a good understanding of splines and their usage can vastly improve the fluidity and visual aesthetics of a game.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "@Video@In-depth video about Splines by Freya Holmér",
+        "url": "https://youtu.be/jvPPXbo87ds?si=JX_G-gS81tOwQwjf",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "m4AuHjEBnHS0wyATG-I1Z": {
+    "title": "Hermite",
+    "description": "Hermite refers to Hermite interpolation, a fundamental technique in game development for executing smooth transitions. Essentially, Hermite interpolation is an application of polynomial mathematics, with two points applied as start/end (they're usually 3D positional vectors), and the tangents at these points controlling the curve's shape. The technique's name is derived from its inventor, Charles Hermite, a French mathematician. Hermite interpolation can be useful in different aspects of game development, such as creating smooth animations, camera paths, or motion patterns. Note, however, that while Hermite interpolation offers control over the start and end points of a sequence, it might not precisely predict the curve's full behavior.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "DUEEm9sAaZqSI-W-PFZ8f": {
+    "title": "Bezier",
+    "description": "`Bezier curves` are named after Pierre Bezier, a French engineer working at Renault, who used them in the 1960s for designing car bodies. A Bezier curve is defined by a set of control points with a minimum of two but no upper limit. The curve is calculated between the first and the last control point and does not pass through the controlling points, which only influence the direction of the curve. There are linear, quadratic, and cubic Bezier curves, but curves with more control points are also possible. They are widely used in computer graphics, animations, and are extensively used in vector images and tools to create shapes, texts, and objects.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "N9GoA3YvOaKwYjljj6NZv": {
+    "title": "Catmull-Rom",
+    "description": "The **Catmull-Rom** spline is a form of interpolation used in 2D and 3D graphics. Named after Edwin Catmull and Raphael Rom, it offers a simple way to smoothly move objects along a set of points or, in terms of graphics, to smoothly draw a curve connecting several points. It's a cubic interpolating spline, meaning it uses the cubic polynomial to compute coordinates. This makes Catmull-Rom ideal for creating smooth and natural curves in graphics and animation. It also has a feature called C1 continuity, ensuring the curve doesn't have any abrupt changes in direction. However, if not managed properly, it can create loops between points.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "5qfoD77wU4ETI7rUSy4Nc": {
+    "title": "Projection",
+    "description": "`Projection` in game mathematics often refers to the method by which three-dimensional images are transferred to a two-dimensional plane, typically a computer screen. There are two main types of projection in game development; `Orthographic Projection` and `Perspective Projection`. In the Orthographic Projection, objects maintain their size regardless of their distance from the camera. This is often used in 2D games or 3D games where perspective is not important. On the other hand, Perspective Projection mimics human eye perspective, where distant objects appear smaller. This method provides a more realistic rendering for 3D games. It's crucial to understand projection in game development because it governs how virtual 3D spaces and objects are displayed on 2D viewing platforms.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "LEJymJ2EaAW5FM5LgKW38": {
+    "title": "Perspective",
+    "description": "In game development, **Perspective** plays a significant role in creating a three-dimensional world on a two-dimensional space. It mimics the way our eyes perceive distance and depth, with objects appearing smaller as they go farther away. Essentially, this is achieved by projecting 3D co-ordinates on a virtual screen. Perspective projection is done in two types - one-point where only one axis displays a change in size with depth and two-point where both axis display a change. It creates more realistic views, enhancing game visualization and immersion. An important aspect is the player's viewpoint, which is the vanishing point where parallel lines converge in the distance.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "d6C1qFv-Tad3AtMBDLI6r": {
+    "title": "Orthogonal",
+    "description": "Orthogonal projection, or orthographic projection, is a type of parallelogram projection in game development where the lines of projection are perpendicular to the projection plane. This creates a view that is straight-on, essentially removing any form of perspective. Unlike perspective projection where objects further from the viewer appear smaller, objects in orthogonal projection remain the same size regardless of distance. The lack of perspective in orthogonal projection can be useful for specific types of games like platformers or strategy games. It is commonly used in CAD (Computer-Aided Design) and technical drawings as well.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "UTBnrQiZ6Bf96yJYIUf3b": {
+    "title": "Game Physics",
+    "description": "_Game physics_ is an integral part of game development that simulates the laws of physics in a virtual environment. This simulation brings realism into the game by defining how objects move, interact, and react to collisions and forces. Game physics ranges from how a character jumps or moves in a 2D or 3D space, to more complex mechanics such as fluid dynamics or ragdoll physics. Two main types of game physics are 'arcade physics', which are simpler and more abstract; and 'realistic physics', attempting to fully recreate real-life physics interactions. Implementing game physics requires a combination of mathematical knowledge and programming skills to integrate physics engines like Unity's PhysX and Unreal Engine's built-in physics tool.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "0D7KQlF-9ylmILTBBVxot": {
+    "title": "Dynamics",
+    "description": "**Dynamics** in game physics refers to the calculation and simulation of the movement and interaction of objects over time, taking into account properties such as mass, force, and velocity. Its purpose is to ensure the motion of game elements matches expectations in the real-world, or the specific conditions defined by the game designers. This typically includes topics like kinematics (velocity and acceleration), Newton's laws of motion, forces (like gravity or friction), and conservation laws (such as momentum or energy). This also involves solving equations of motions for the game objects, detecting collisions and resolving them. Dynamics, together with Statics (dealing with how forces balance on rigid bodies at rest), makes up the core of game physics simulation.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "HWtU4q-YPXxSi64t43VNF": {
+    "title": "Center of Mass",
+    "description": "The **center of mass** is a position defined relative to an object or system of objects. Typically denoted by the symbol (COM), it refers to the average position of all the parts of the system, weighted according to their masses. For instance, if you have a uniformly dense object, the center of mass would be in the geometric center of that object. In gaming, the center of mass of an object can have a significant impact on how the object behaves when forces are applied to it. This includes how the object moves in response to these forces, and can affect the realism of the physics simulations in a game.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "6E2mkXuAzoYnrT1SEIA16": {
+    "title": "Moment of Inertia",
+    "description": "The **moment of inertia**, also known as rotational inertia, is a measure of an object's resistance to changes to its rotation. In simpler terms, it's essentially how difficult it is to start or stop an object from spinning. It is determined by both the mass of an object and its distribution of mass around the axis of rotation. In the context of game development, the moment of inertia is crucial for creating realistic movements of characters, objects or vehicles within the game. This is particularly relevant in scenarios where the motion involves spinning or revolving entities. Calculating and applying these physics ensures a more immersive and believable gaming experience.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "ejZMnxZ0QrN-jBqo9Vrj8": {
+    "title": "Acceleration",
+    "description": "**Acceleration** refers to the rate of change in velocity per unit time. This physical concept is translated into game dynamics where it impacts the movement and speed of game characters or objects. For example, when a character starts moving, there is usually a slight delay before they reach their top speed, which then continues as long as the move button is held down. This is caused by acceleration. Conversely, when the button is released, the character doesn't stop instantly but slows down gradually - this is due to deceleration, which is negative acceleration. By mastering acceleration and deceleration, game developers can create more realistic and interesting movements for their characters.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "m2_wUW2VHMCXHnn5B91qr": {
+    "title": "Joints",
+    "description": "Joints in game development primarily refer to the connections between two objects, often used in the context of physics simulations and character animations. These might simulate the physics of real-world joints like hinges or springs. Developers can control various characteristics of joints such as their constraints, forces, and reactions. The different types come with various properties suitable for specific needs. For example, Fixed joints keep objects together, Hinge joints allow rotation around an axis, and Spring joints apply a force to keep objects apart.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "qduFRhmrzJ2sn0g7L-tza": {
+    "title": "Force",
+    "description": "**Force** is a vital concept in game development, especially when crafting physics in games. In the context of game physics, 'Force' is an influence that causes an object to undergo a certain change, either concerning its movement, direction, or geometrical construction. It's typically implemented in game engines, with part of the physics simulation that computes forces like gravity, friction, or custom forces defined by the developer. Incorporating forces gives a realistic feel to the game, allowing objects to interact naturally following the laws of physics. This is central in genres like racing games, sports games, and any game featuring physical interactions between objects. Remember that `F = ma`, the acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the force applied and inversely proportional to its mass. The balance and manipulation of these forces are integral to dynamic, immersive gameplay.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "egOcxFTQP7vPIGrxcieuk": {
+    "title": "Restitution",
+    "description": "In game development, **Restitution** is a property closely related to the physics of objects. Essentially, restitution represents the \"bounciness\" of an object or, in more scientific terms, the ratio of the final relative velocity to the initial relative velocity of two objects after a collision. In the context of game physics, when objects collide, restitution is used to calculate how much each object should bounce back or recoil. Restitution values typically fall between 0 and 1 where a value of 0 means an object will not bounce at all and a value of 1 refers to a perfectly elastic collision with no energy lost. Therefore, the higher the restitution value, the higher the bounce back of the object after a collision.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "Y7HYY5eq7OG42V9yQz0Q1": {
+    "title": "Angular Velocity",
+    "description": "Angular velocity, denoted by the symbol 'ω', is a measure of the rate of change of an angle per unit of time. In simpler terms, it corresponds to how quickly an object moves around a circle or rotates around a central point. Angular velocity is typically measured in radians per second (rad/s). If you think of an object moving in a circular path, the angular velocity would be the speed at which the angle changes as the object travels along the circumference of the object. Angular velocity is a vector quantity, implying it has both magnitude and direction. The direction of the angular velocity vector is perpendicular to the plane of rotation, following the right-hand rule. It plays a crucial role in game development, especially in physics simulation and character control.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "WzcmdW_fKHv3gwdBnvI0_": {
+    "title": "Buoyancy",
+    "description": "**Buoyancy** refers to a specific interaction in physics where an object submerged in fluid (such as a game character in water) experiences an upward force that counteracts the force of gravity. This makes the object either float or appear lighter. In game development, implementing buoyancy can enhance realism particularly in games that involve water-based activities or environments. Buoyancy can be manipulated through adjustments in density and volume to create various effects - from making heavy objects float to sinking light ones. Calculating it typically requires approximating the object to a sphere or another simple geometric shape, and using this in Archimedes' Principle. This principle states that buoyant force equals the weight of the fluid that the object displaces. In the realm of video games, programming buoyancy can involve complex physics equations and careful testing to achieve a balance between realism and playability.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "Z_U6abGV_wVkTGZ2LVkFK": {
+    "title": "Linear Velocity",
+    "description": "**Linear Velocity** is a fundamental concept in physics that is extensively used in game development. It refers to the rate of change of an object's position with respect to a frame of reference. It's calculated by dividing the change in position by the change in time, often represented with the vector 'v'. In game development, an object's linear velocity can be manipulated to control its speed and direction. This is especially important in the development of physics simulations or movement-dependent gameplay elements. For instance, it can be used to make a character run or drive, or to throw an object at different speeds and directions.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "Hz9R4YGYtD0jAur8rYist": {
+    "title": "Friction",
+    "description": "`Friction` is a crucial concept in game dynamics. In the context of games, it's typically used to slow down or impede movement, providing a realistic feel to characters or objects movement. For example, when a player's character runs on a smooth surface as compared to a rough one, friction influences the speed and control of that character. It can be seen in how cars skid on icy surfaces, how walking speed changes depending on the terrain, or how a ball rolls and eventually slows. The equation to compute friction is usually `f = μN`, where `f` is the force of friction, `μ` is the coefficient of friction (which depends on the two surfaces interacting), and `N` is the normal force (which is generally the weight of the object). You can adjust the coefficient of friction in a game to have different effects depending upon the desired outcome.",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Friction",
+        "url": "https://youtu.be/t1HWIoDUWXg?si=FmFsIGTSHpLS72vp",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "AdOfOJtLtNgDwuABb6orE": {
+    "title": "Collision Detection",
+    "description": "**Collision Detection** is a critical aspect in game physics that handles the computer’s ability to calculate and respond when two or more objects come into contact in a game environment. This is vital to ensure objects interact realistically, don't pass through each other, and impact the game world in intended ways. Techniques for collision detection can vary based on the complexity required by the game. Simple methods may involve bounding boxes or spheres that encapsulate objects. When these spheres or boxes overlap, a collision is assumed. More complex methods consider the object's shape and volume for precise detection. Several libraries and game engines offer built-in support for collision detection, making it easier for developers to implement in their games.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "SuemqQuiePab0Qpm2EGy9": {
+    "title": "Narrow Phase",
+    "description": "The **Narrow Phase** of collision detection is a process that dives deeply into detailed collision checks for pairs of objects that are already found to be potentially colliding during the broad phase. Narrow phase is essentially a fine-tuning process. Upon positive detection from the broad phase, it identifies the precise points of collision between the two objects, and it may involve more detailed shape representations and more expensive algorithms. It might also calculate additional information necessary for the physics simulation (like the exact time of impact and contact normals). The usual methods used for this phase involve bounding box, bounding sphere or separating axis theorem. However, the method can vary depending on the complexity of shapes of objects and the specific needs of the game.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "AKd2UpITqBZV7cZszSRps": {
+    "title": "Broad Phase",
+    "description": "**Broad Phase Collision Detection** is the first step in the collision detection process. Its primary function is to identify which pairs of objects might potentially collide. Rather than examining the entire body of every object for possible collision, it wraps up each one in a simpler shape like a bounding box or sphere, aiming to reduce the number of calculations. The output of this phase is a list of 'candidate pairs' which are passed onto the next phase, often referred to as the narrow phase, for in-depth overlap checks.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "YLusnwCba7BIdKOYUoY6F": {
+    "title": "Convexity",
+    "description": "Convexity is a significant concept used in game development, particularly in the narrow phase of collision detection. A shape is considered convex if, for every pair of points inside the shape, the complete line segment between them is also inside the shape. Essentially, a convex shape has no angles pointing inwards. Convex shapes can be of great benefit in game development because they're simpler to handle computationally. For instance, in collision detection algorithms such as separating axis theorem (SAT) and Gilbert–Johnson–Keerthi (GJK), the input shapes are often convex. Non-convex shapes or concave shapes usually require more complex methods for collision detection, often involving partitioning the shape into smaller convex parts.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "pG_V12qhS4HevoP_KHTvh": {
+    "title": "Convex",
+    "description": "The term \"convex\" in game development relates primarily to shapes and collision detection within the gaming environment. A shape is convex if all line segments between any two points in the shape lie entirely within the shape. This is an essential concept when programming collision detection and physics engines in games since the mathematical calculations can be more straightforward and efficient when the objects are convex. In addition to this, many rendering algorithms also operate optimally on convex objects, thereby helping improve the game’s graphical performance.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "jslk7Gy58VspO1uXGDgBp": {
+    "title": "Concave",
+    "description": "In game development, a shape is said to be \"concave\" if it has an interior angle greater than 180 degrees. In simpler terms, if the shape has a portion \"inwards curved\" or a \"cave-like\" indentation, it's concave. Unlike convex shapes, a straight line drawn within a concave shape may not entirely lie within the boundaries of the shape. Concave shapes add complexity in game physics, especially in collision detection, as there are more points and angles to consider compared to convex shapes. These shapes are commonly seen in game elements like terrains, mazes, game level boundaries and gaming characters. Let's remember that the practical application of concave shapes largely depends on the gameplay requirements and the level of realism needed in the game.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "jixffcPBELkhoG0e7Te8g": {
+    "title": "Convex Hull",
+    "description": "The **Convex Hull** is a foundational concept used in various areas of game development, particularly in the creation of physics engines and collision detection. Essentially, it is the smallest convex polygon that can enclose a set of points in a two-dimensional space, or the smallest convex polyhedron for a set of points in a three-dimensional space. It can be thought of as the shape that a rubber band would take if it was stretched around the points and then released. In computational geometry, various algorithms like Graham's Scan and QuickHull have been developed to compute Convex Hulls rapidly. Using Convex Hulls in game engines can drastically improve the performance of collision detection routines as fewer points need to be checked for overlap, which in turn helps in creating smoother gameplay.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "bgP9NpD0DJGqN4VCt65xP": {
+    "title": "Convex Decomposition",
+    "description": "`Convex Decomposition` represents a process within game development that involves breaking down complex, concave shapes into simpler, convex shapes. This technique considerably simplifies the computation involved in collision detection, a critical aspect of any game development project that involves physical simulations. In concrete terms, a concave shape has one or more parts that 'cave in' or have recesses, while a convex shape has no such depressions - in simplistic terms, it 'bulges out' with no interior angles exceeding 180 degrees. So, Convex decomposition is essentially a process of breaking down a shape with 'caves' or 'recesses' into simpler shapes that only 'bulge out'.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "vmRYaXNVCe0N73xG8bsEK": {
+    "title": "Intersection",
+    "description": "`Intersection` is a concept in the narrow phase of game development where the exact point or points of collision are determined between two potentially colliding objects. This process takes place once a potential collision is determined in the broad phase. Algorithms such as Axis-Aligned Bounding Boxes (AABB), Separating Axis Theorem (SAT), Spherical or Capsule bounding, and many others are used for different intersection tests based on the shape of the objects. The intersection provides valuable data such as the point of contact, direction and depth of penetration, which are used to calculate the accurate physical response in the collision.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "kSMz7mZ243qMKtT_YD3AD": {
+    "title": "SAT",
+    "description": "`Sat`, or separating axis theorem, is frequently used in collision detection in game development. Its primary benefit is for simple and fast detection of whether two convex polygons intersect. The theorem is somewhat complex—it works by projecting all points of both polygons onto numerous axes around the shapes, then checking for overlaps. However, it can be relatively time-consuming when dealing with more complex models or numerous objects as it has to calculate the projections, so often it is used in a broad-phase detection system. A deep explanation of how `sat` works might involve some mathematical concepts or visual aids, but this is the foundation of its use in game development.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "lwd3Gz9bJEKCIwhXD6m-v": {
+    "title": "GJK",
+    "description": "The **GJK algorithm** (Gilbert–Johnson–Keerthi) is a computational geometry algorithm that is widely used to detect collisions between convex objects in video games and simulations. The primary role of this algorithm is to assess the intersection between two convex shapes. What makes it unique and widely used is its efficiency and accuracy even when dealing with complex three-dimensional shapes. It uses the concept of \"Minkowski Difference\" to simplify its calculations and determine if two shapes are intersecting.\n\nThe algorithm works iteratively, beginning with a single point (the origin) and progressing by adding vertices from the Minkowski Difference, each time refining a simple 'guess' about the direction of the nearest point to the origin until it either concludes that the shapes intersect (the origin is inside the Minkowski difference), or until it can't progress further, in which case the shapes are confirmed not to intersect. This makes it an incredibly powerful and useful tool for game developers.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "vWLKYK2KUzV1fO-vQunzW": {
+    "title": "EPA",
+    "description": "The **EPA**, also known as the _Environmental Protection Agency_, is not typically related to game development or the concept of intersection within this context. However, in game development, EPA might refer to an 'Event-driven Process chain Architecture' or some other game-specific acronym. In this domain, different terminologies and acronyms are often used to express complex architectures, designs, or functionalities. If you have encountered EPA in a game development context, it might be best to refer to the specific documentation or guide where it was described for a better understanding. Understanding the context is key to untangle the meaning of such abbreviations.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "PLR_4yoRifoTzkOR4c7ym": {
+    "title": "Bounding Volume",
+    "description": "`Bounding Volume` is a simple shape that fully encompasses a more complex game model. It is less expensive to check for the intersection of bounding volumes when compared to checking for intersection of the actual models. Some commonly used types of bounding volume in game development include Axis-Aligned Bounding Boxes (AABBs), Bounding Spheres, and Oriented Bounding Boxes (OBBs). AABBs and Bounding Spheres are simple to implement and work well with static objects, while OBBs are slightly more complex and are often used with dynamic objects that need to rotate.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "aTeYGd4JlPr5txNPyBezn": {
+    "title": "AABB",
+    "description": "`AABB`, short for Axis-Aligned Bounding Box, is a commonly used form of bounding volume in game development. It is a box that directly aligns with the axes of the coordinate system and encapsulates a game object. The sides of an AABB are aligned with the axes, which is helpful when carrying out certain calculations, as non-axis-aligned boxes would require more complex math. AABBs are primarily used for broad-phase collision detection, which means checking whether two objects might be in the process of colliding. Although AABBs are relatively conservative and can have more bounding volume than oriented bounding boxes (OBBs), they are simpler and faster to use in collision detection.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "7nGtvbxoEAheiF4IPMfPf": {
+    "title": "OBB",
+    "description": "`Oriented Bounding Box (OBB)` is a type of bounding volume used in computer graphics and computational geometry. It is often used to simplify complex geometric objects by correlating them as a box much closer in size and orientation to the actual object. Unlike the `Axis-Aligned Bounding Box (AABB)`, the `OBB` is not constrained to align with the axis, so the box can be rotated. This orientation is usually chosen based on the object's local coordinate system, so the `OBB` maintains its rotation. Properties of an `OBB` include its center, dimensions, and orientation. However, it is worth noting that `OBBs` can be more computationally intensive than `AABBs` due to mathematical complexity.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "9Fk3XSINBr2NNdbMtwsIK": {
+    "title": "Spatial Partitioning",
+    "description": "\"Spatial partitioning\" is a technique used in computational geometry, intended to make calculations involving objects in space more efficient. It involves dividing a large virtual space into a series of smaller spaces, or \"partitions\". These partitions can be used to quickly eliminate areas that are irrelevant to a particular calculation or query, thus lowering the overall computational cost. This technique is widely used in game development in contexts such as collision detection, rendering, pathfinding, and more. Various methods exist for spatial partitioning, including grid-based, tree-based (like Quadtree and Octree), and space-filling curve (like Z-order or Hilbert curve) approaches.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "STdvFYM9V0a36IkPXjvrB": {
+    "title": "Sort & Sweep",
+    "description": "**Sort and Sweep** is an algorithm used in collision detection in game development which optimizes the process of identifying potential intersecting objects. Here's how it works: first, all objects in the game are sorted along a specific axis (typically the 'x' axis). Then a line (known as the 'sweep line') is moved along this axis. As the line sweeps over the scene, any objects that cross this line are added to an 'active' list. When an object no longer intersects with the sweep line, it's removed from this list. The only objects checked for intersection are those within this 'active' list reducing the number of checks required. This makes sort and sweep an efficient spatial partitioning strategy.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "FCc5xwb_G3VsDRXOcg3hV": {
+    "title": "BVH",
+    "description": "BVH, or Bounding Volume Hierarchy, is an algorithm used in 3D computer graphics to speed up the rendering process. It organizes the geometry in a hierarchical structure where each node in the tree represents a bounding volume (a volume enclosing or containing one or more geometric objects). The root node of the BVH contains all other nodes or geometric objects, its child nodes represent a partition of the space, and the leaf nodes are often individual geometric objects. The main objective of using BVH is to quickly exclude large portions of the scene from the rendering process, to reduce the computational load of evaluating every single object in the scene individually.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "XHFV4d6Ab4kWQ3-XcZTyT": {
+    "title": "DBVT",
+    "description": "`DBVT` or `Dynamic Bounding Volume Tree` is an acceleration data structure that's primarily used in physics simulations like collision detection. It's a type of BVH (`Bounding Volume Hierarchy`), but the unique aspect of a DBVT is its handling of dynamic objects. As the name suggests, it's specifically designed to efficiently handle changing scenarios, such as objects moving or environments evolving, better than a typical BVH. Unlike a static BVH, a DBVT dynamically updates the tree as objects move, maintaining efficiency of collision queries. It primarily does this through tree rotations and refitting bounding volumes rather than fully rebuilding the tree. This makes DBVT a highly appealing option for scenarios with considerable dynamics.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "1yK8TH4Pn7Ag8VQoug54i": {
+    "title": "CCD",
+    "description": "**CCD (Continuous Collision Detection)** is a sophisticated technique used in detecting collisions within games, more advanced than the traditional discrete collision. Rather than checking for collisions at designated time frames, CCD checks for any possible collisions that may happen during the entire time period or motion path of the moving object. This can prevent instances of \"tunneling\", where an object moves so fast that it passes through walls or obstacles undetected by discrete collision detection due to being at different points in one frame to another. Although more computationally heavy than discrete detection, CCD offers an increased accuracy in collision detection, making it vital in games where precise movements are needed.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "fv5tivGad2P9GRZOodfn2": {
+    "title": "Game Engine",
+    "description": "A _Game Engine_ is a software framework designed to facilitate the creation and development of video games. Developers use them to create games for consoles, mobile devices, and personal computers. The core functionality typically provided by a game engine includes a rendering engine (\"renderer\") for 2D or 3D graphics, a physics engine or collision detection (and collision response), sound, scripting, animation, artificial intelligence, networking, streaming, memory management, and a scene graph. Game Engines can save a significant amount of development time by providing these reusable components. However, they aren't one-size-fits-all solutions, as developers must still customize much of the code to fit their games' unique needs. Some popular game engines are Unity, Unreal Engine, and Godot.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "7OffO2mBmfBKqPBTZ9ngI": {
+    "title": "Godot",
+    "description": "Godot is an open-source, multi-platform game engine that is known for being feature-rich and user-friendly. It is developed by hundreds of contributors from around the world and supports the creation of both 2D and 3D games. Godot uses its own scripting language, GDScript, which is similar to Python, but it also supports C# and visual scripting. It is equipped with a unique scene system and comes with a multitude of tools that can expedite the development process. Godot's design philosophy centers around flexibility, extensibility, and ease of use, providing a handy tool for both beginners and pros in game development.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "a6H-cZtp3A_fB8jnfMxBR": {
+    "title": "Unreal Engine",
+    "description": "The **Unreal Engine** is a powerful game development engine created by Epic Games. Used by game developers worldwide, it supports the creation of high-quality games across multiple platforms such as iOS, Android, Windows, Mac, Xbox, and PlayStation. Unreal Engine is renowned for its photo-realistic rendering, dynamic physics and effects, robust multiplayer framework, and its flexible scripting system called Blueprint. The engine is also fully equipped with dedicated tools and functionalities for animation, AI, lighting, cinematography, and post-processing effects. The most recent version, Unreal Engine 5, introduces real-time Global Illumination and makes film-quality real-time graphics achievable.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "CeAUEN233L4IoFSZtIvvl": {
+    "title": "Native",
+    "description": "You don't necessarily have to use tools like Unreal, Unity3d, or Godot to make games. You can also use native languages like C++ or Rust to make games. However, you will have to do a lot of work yourself, and you will have to learn a lot of things that are already done for you in game engines.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "rNeOti8DDyWTMP9FB9kJ_": {
+    "title": "Unity 3D",
+    "description": "**Unity 3D** is a versatile, cross-platform game engine that supports the development of both 2D and 3D games. This game engine allows users to create a wide variety of games including AR, VR, Mobile, Consoles, and Computers in C#. It provides a host of powerful features and tools, such as scripting, asset bundling, scene building, and simulation, to assist developers in creating interactive content. Unity 3D also boasts a large, active community that regularly contributes tutorials, scripts, assets, and more, making it a robust platform for all levels of game developers.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "4YgbrXLXf5mfaL2tlYkzk": {
+    "title": "Programming Languages",
+    "description": "Programming languages are very crucial to game development as they are the backbone of game design and functionality. A variety of languages can be used, but some are more commonly preferred in the industry due to their robustness and efficiency. The most popular ones include C++, C#, and Java. **C++**, a high-level language primarily used for developing video games, is known for its speed and efficiency. **C#**, which was developed by Microsoft, is extensively used with the Unity game engine to develop multi-platform games. **Java** is well-established in the sector as well, and it often utilized in the development of Android games. It's pivotal for a game developer to select a language that aligns with the project's requirements and nature. Despite the programming language you choose, a deep understanding of its constructs, logic, and capabilities is required for successful game development.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "jsq0UXnIIC0Z_nbK2w48f": {
+    "title": "C/C++",
+    "description": "**C** and **C++ (commonly known as CPP)** are two of the most foundational high-level programming languages in computer science. **C** was developed in the 1970s and it is a procedural language, meaning it follows a step-by-step approach. Its fundamental principles include structured programming and lexical variable scope.\n\nOn the other hand, **C++** follows the paradigm of both procedural and object-oriented programming. It was developed as an extension to C to add the concept of \"classes\" - a core feature of object-oriented programming. C++ enhances C by introducing new features like function overloading, exception handling, and templates.\n\nBoth of these languages heavily influence modern game development, where they often serve as the backend for major game engines like Unreal. Game developers use these languages for tasks related to rendering graphics, compiling game logic, and optimizing performance.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "Ph3ZqmSnwwzUBUC-6dgf-": {
+    "title": "C#",
+    "description": "**CSharp (C#)** is a modern, object-oriented programming language developed and maintained by Microsoft. It's primarily used for developing desktop applications and, more prominently, for Windows applications within the [Microsoft.Net](http://Microsoft.Net) framework. However, the language is versatile and has a wide range of uses in web services, websites, enterprise software, and even mobile app development. C# is known for its simplicity, type-safety, and support for component-oriented software development. It's also been adopted by Unity, a widely used game engine, thus making it one of the preferred languages for game development.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "AaRZiItRcn8fYb5R62vfT": {
+    "title": "Assembly",
+    "description": "**Assembly** is a low-level programming language, often used for direct hardware manipulation, real-time systems, and to write performance-critical code. It provides a strong correspondence between its instructions and the architecture's machine-code instructions, since it directly represents the specific commands of the computer's CPU structure. However, it's closer to machine language (binary code) than to human language, which makes it difficult to read and understand. The syntax varies greatly, which depends upon the CPU architecture for which it's designed, thus Assembly language written for one type of processor can't be used on another. Despite its complexity, time-intensive coding process and machine-specific nature, Assembly language is still utilized for speed optimization and hardware manipulation where high-level languages may not be sufficient.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "ts9pWxUimvFqfNJYCmNNw": {
+    "title": "Rust",
+    "description": "**Rust** is a modern, open-source, multi-paradigm programming language designed for performance and safety, especially safe concurrency. It was initially designed by Mozilla Research as a language that can provide memory safety without garbage collection. Since then, it has gained popularity due to its features and performance that often compare favorably to languages like C++. Its rich type system and ownership model guarantee memory-safety and thread-safety while maintaining a high level of abstraction. Rust supports a mixture of imperative procedural, concurrent actor, object-oriented and pure functional styles.\n\n[Learn Rust full tutorial](https://youtu.be/BpPEoZW5IiY?si=lyBbBPLXQ0HWdJNr)",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "AJp_QRLgSG5ETXDIjUjmm": {
+    "title": "Python",
+    "description": "Python is a popular high-level programming language that was designed by Guido van Rossum and published in 1991. It is preferred for its simplicity in learning and usage, making it a great choice for beginners. Python's design philosophy emphasizes code readability with its use of significant indentation. Its language constructs and object-oriented approach aim to help developers write clear, logical code for small and large-scale projects. Python is dynamically-typed and garbage-collected. Moreover, it supports multiple programming paradigms, including procedural, object-oriented, and functional programming. Python is often used for web development, software development, database operations, and machine learning. Although not typically used for game development, some game developers utilize Python for scripting and automating tasks.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "lIb5MeDoqVj6HycveOgTS": {
+    "title": "Computer Graphics",
+    "description": "Computer Graphics is a subfield of computer science that studies methods for digitally synthesizing and manipulating visual content. It involves creating and manipulating visual content using specialized computer software and hardware. This field is primarily used in the creation of digital and video games, CGI in films, and also in visual effects for commercials. The field is divided into two major categories: **Raster graphics** and **Vector graphics**. Raster graphics, also known as bitmap, involve the representation of images through a dot matrix data structure, while Vector graphics involve the use of polygons to represent images in computer graphics. Both of these methods have their unique usage scenarios. Other concepts integral to the study of computer graphics include rendering (including both real-time rendering and offline rendering), animation, and 3D modeling. Generally, computer graphics skills are essential for game developers and animation experts.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "JW5c_0JEtO-OiBoXUia6A": {
+    "title": "Ray Tracing",
+    "description": "Ray tracing is a rendering technique in computer graphics that simulates the physical behavior of light. It generates images with a high degree of visual realism, as it captures shadows, reflections, and refracts light. Ray tracing follows the path of light backwards from the camera (eye) to the source (light object), calculating the color of each pixel in the image on the way. The color value calculation considers the object from which the ray has reflected or refracted, and the nature of the light source i.e. whether it's ambient, point or spot. Ray tracing algorithm handles effects that rasterization algorithms like scanline rendering and 'Z-buffer' find complex to handle.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "vYNj9nzu90e9xlrzHULnP": {
+    "title": "Rasterization",
+    "description": "In the realm of computer graphics, **Rasterization** refers to the process of converting the image data into a bitmap form, i.e., pixels or dots. It is predominantly used in 3D rendering where three-dimensional polygonal shapes are transformed into a two-dimensional image, possessing height, width, and color data. It is a scan-conversion process where vertices and primitives, upon being processed through the graphics pipeline, are mathematically converted into fragments. Every fragment finds its position in a raster grid. The process culminates in fragments becoming pixels in the frame buffer, the final rendered image you see on the screen. However, it's essential to note that rasterization does limit the image's resolution to the resolution of the device on which it is displayed.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "shSRnMf4NONuZ3TGPAoQc": {
+    "title": "Graphics Pipeline",
+    "description": "The **Graphics Pipeline**, also often referred to as the rendering pipeline, is a sequence of steps that a graphics system follows to convert a 3D model into a 2D image or view that can be displayed onto a screen. These steps typically include transformation, clipping, lighting, rasterization, shading, and other processes. Each step in the pipeline represents an operation that prepares or manipulates data to be used in downstream stages. The pipeline begins with a high-level description of a scene and ends with the final image rendered onto the screen. It is a primary concept in computer graphics that developers should learn as it can help in efficient rendering and high-quality visualization.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "rmtxybcavWV6A53R4ZWgc": {
+    "title": "Sampling",
+    "description": "**Sampling** in computer graphics is a method used to convert a continuous mathematical function (image, signal, light and sound), into a discrete digital representation. The process is done by taking snapshots at regular intervals which are also known as samples, and it's this that gives us the concept of 'sampling'. Some common types of sampling techniques include: uniform sampling (evenly spaced samples), random sampling (samples taken at random intervals), and jittered sampling (a compromise between uniform and random sampling). The higher the sampling rate, the more accurately the original function can be reconstructed from the discrete samples. Effective sampling is a significant aspect of achieving realistic computer graphics.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "qIrePusMuvcUva9LMDmDx": {
+    "title": "Shader",
+    "description": "Shaders are a type of software used in 3D computer graphics. They are utilized to render quality visual effects by making calculations and transformations on image data. Also, a shader is responsible for determining the final color of an object. There are several types of shaders: vertex shaders, geometry shaders, pixel shaders, and compute shaders. Each of these is programmed to manipulate specific attributes of an image, such as its vertices, pixels, and overall geometry. They are essential tools for game developers aiming to produce realistic and engaging visual experiences.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "WVgozaQPFbYthZLWMbNUg": {
+    "title": "Rendering Equation",
+    "description": "The **Render Equation**, also known as the **Rendering Equation**, is a fundamental principle in computer graphics that serves as the basis for most advanced lighting algorithms today. First introduced by James Kajiya in 1986, it defines how light interacts with physical objects in a given environment. The equation tries to simulate light's behavior, taking into account aspects such as transmission, absorption, scattering, and emission. The equation can be computationally intensive to solve accurately. It's worth mentioning, however, that many methods have been developed to approximate and solve it, allowing the production of highly realistic images in computer graphics.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "eI2jym4AAz3ani-lreSKE": {
+    "title": "Reflection",
+    "description": "Reflection in game development, specifically in shaders, is a phenomena that simulates the bouncing off of light from objects similar to the way it happens in the real world. Shaders replicate this effect by emitting rays from the lighting source against the object's surface. When the ray strikes the surface, it will calculate the light’s color and angle to define how light should reflect off that surface. Reflection in shaders can further be classified into two types: Specular Reflection and Diffuse Reflection. Specular Reflection is the mirror-like reflection of light from a surface, where each incident ray is reflected with the light ray reflected at an equal but opposite angle. Diffuse Reflection, on the other hand, is the reflection of light into many directions, giving a softer effect. These reflections are quantified in computer graphics often using a reflection model such as the Phong reflection model or the Lambertian reflectance model.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "0g1z5G2dsF4PTIfFAG984": {
+    "title": "Diffuse",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "odfZWKtPbb-lC35oeTCNV": {
+    "title": "Specular",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "THMmnx8p_P0X-dSPoHvst": {
+    "title": "Mapping",
+    "description": "\"Mapping\" in game development, especially in the context of shaders, predominantly refers to Texture Mapping and Normal Mapping.\n\n*   **Texture Mapping**: This is the application of a texture (an image or colour data) onto a 3D model's surface. It's a process of defining how a 2D surface wraps around a 3D model or the way that a flat image is stretched across a model's surface to paint its appearance. This could be anything from the colour of objects to their roughness or reflectivity.\n    \n*   **Normal Mapping**: This is a technique used to create the illusion of complexity in the surface of a 3D model without adding any additional geometry. A Normal Map is a special kind of texture that allows the addition of surface details, such as bumps, grooves, and scratches which catch the light as if they are represented by real geometry, making a low-polygon model appear as a much more complex shape.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "iBZ1JsEWI0xuLgUvfWfl-": {
+    "title": "Texture",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "r4UkMd5QURbvJ3Jlr_H9H": {
+    "title": "Bump",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "YGeGleEN203nokiZIYJN8": {
+    "title": "Parallax",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "9cBOfj58I4hBlxlQIyV9g": {
+    "title": "Horizon",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "1RdyzTI_TXqmct2bIbNh9": {
+    "title": "Computer Animation",
+    "description": "Computer Animation\n------------------\n\nComputer animation refers to the art of creating moving images via the use of computers. Increasingly, it's becoming a critical component in the game development industry. Essentially, it's divided into two categories, 2D animation and 3D animation. 2D animation, also referred to as vector animation, involves creation of images in a two-dimensional environment, including morphing, twining, and onion skinning. On the other hand, 3D animation, also known as CGI, involves moving objects and characters in a three-dimensional space. The animation process typically involves the creation of a mathematical representation of a three-dimensional object. This object is then manipulated within a virtual space by an animator to create the final animation. Software like Unity, Maya, and Blender are commonly used for computer animation in game development.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "WK6fLWJq9Vh2ySVrSqd-U": {
+    "title": "Color",
+    "description": "In the realm of computer graphics, color plays an integral role. It can be defined in various color models such as RGB (Red, Green, Blue), CYMK (Cyan, Yellow, Magenta, Black), and others. RGB is a color model that combines the primary colors (red, green, blue) in different amounts to produce a spectrum of colors. This model is often used in digital displays. In contrast, CMYK is a color model used in color printing. It uses cyan, magyenta, yellow, and black as the primary colors. HSL (Hue, Saturation, Lightness) and HSV (Hue, Saturation, Value) are other useful models that represent colors based on human perceptions. Another important element of color in computer graphics is the color depth, also known as bit depth, which determines the number of colors that can be displayed at once.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "1S1qPogijW2SQCiF7KLZe": {
+    "title": "Visual Perception",
+    "description": "Visual Perception is a fundamental aspect of game development, widely explored within the field of computer graphics. It involves the ability to interpret and understand the visual information that our eyes receive, essential to create immersive and dynamic visual experiences in games. The study involves the understanding of light, color, shape, form, depth, and motion, among others, which are key elements to create aesthetically pleasing and engaging graphics. Making full use of visual perception allows the game developers to control and manipulate how the gamers interact with and experience the game world, significantly enhancing not only the visual appeal but also the overall gameplay.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "RgC9TOc0wbr2QSuvrpIDV": {
+    "title": "Tone Reproduction",
+    "description": "`Tone Reproduction` or `Tone Mapping` is the technique used in computer graphics to simulate the appearance of high-dynamic-range images in media with a more limited dynamic range. Print-outs, CRT, LCD monitors, and other displays can only reproduce a reduced dynamic range. This technique is widely used in gaming development, where developers employ it to improve the visual experience. The process involves taking light from a scene and mapping it to a smaller range of tones while preserving the visual appearance—i.e., regarding brightness, saturation, and hue. There are various tone mapping algorithms available, each with unique attributes suitable for different imaging tasks.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "DDN3mn0LTueBhjRzXFcbU": {
+    "title": "Lighting and Shadow",
+    "description": "**Lighting and Shadows** are paramount elements in computer graphics, significantly contributing to the visual realism of a game. They create depth and a sense of a three-dimensional space in a two-dimensional display. **Lighting** in game development mimics real-world light properties. It involves calculating how light interacts with different objects and surfaces based on their material characteristics and the light's intensity, direction, and color. Various algorithms, like Ray Tracing or Rasterization, are used to simulate these interactions. On the other hand, **shadows** are the areas unlit due to the blockage of light by an object. Producing realistic shadows involves complex computations, factoring in the light's position, the blocking object's shape and size, and the affected area's distance. Shadow Mapping and Shadow Volume are common techniques for creating shadows in game development. Special attention to these aspects can dramatically increase the perceived realism and immersion in the game environment.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "ygtru6fqQ3gpFZRN_I8rP": {
+    "title": "Shadow Map",
+    "description": "Shadow mapping is a technique used in computer graphics to add shadows to a scene. This process involves two steps - generating the shadow map and then rendering the scene.\n\nIn the shadow map generating step, the scene is rendered from the perspective of the light source capturing depth information. This results in a texture that stores the distance from the light to the nearest surface along each light direction, a “shadow map”.\n\nIn the scene rendering step, the scene is rendered from the camera’s perspective. For each visible surface point, its distance from the light is calculated and compared to the corresponding stored distance in the shadow map. If the point's distance is greater than the stored distance, the point is in shadow; otherwise, it's lit. This information is used to adjust the color of the point, producing the shadow effect.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "Wq8siopWTD7sylNi0575X": {
+    "title": "2D",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "cv1-AwewuqJsZDBI3h84G": {
+    "title": "Cube",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "Lu38SfZ38y89BffLRMmGk": {
+    "title": "Cascaded",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "VLrcBE1vb6N5fw5YESCge": {
+    "title": "Light Source",
+    "description": "In game development, a **light source** is a critical component that impacts the visual appeal and realism of the scene. It represents any object in the game scene that emits light, such as the sun, a lamp, or a torch. Light sources can be categorized as static or dynamic. Static light sources do not move or change throughout the game, while dynamic light sources can move and their properties can change in real-time. The properties of light sources that can be manipulated include intensity (how bright the light is), color, range (how far the light extends), direction, and type (point, directional, or spot). The lighting and shading effects are then computed based on these light source properties and how they interact with various objects in the game scene.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "foD8K7V0yIxgeXwl687Bv": {
+    "title": "Directional",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "aNhyXWW2b7yKTv8y14zk9": {
+    "title": "Point",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "FetbhcK1RDt4izZ6NEUEP": {
+    "title": "Spot",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "sC3omOmL2DOyTSvET5cDa": {
+    "title": "Infinite",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "OcxesFnB5wO6VXrHYnhz-": {
+    "title": "Visibility and Occlusion",
+    "description": "\"Visibility and occlusion\" in computer graphics refers to the process of determining which parts of a particular object are visible from a certain viewpoint and which are hidden. \"Occlusion\" describes the phenomenon where an object is blocked from view by another object. Understanding these concepts is important for creating realistic renderings in game design. Real-time engines typically use data structures like BSP-trees, Quad-trees or Octrees to quickly identify occlusion. Advanced techniques such as Occlusion culling and Z-buffering are used to further optimize the representation of visible and hidden parts of 3D objects. Understanding the depths and dimensions related to visibility and occlusion empowers the game developer to enhance presentation and performance.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "MlLYqO_8JDNOwKRvaM-bf": {
+    "title": "Occluder",
+    "description": "An **Occluder** in game development is basically a tool or method used to hide other objects in the game environment. When a certain object, which is known as the occluder, blocks the line of sight to another object from the camera's perspective, the hidden or blocked object does not need to be rendered. This object could be anything from a building to a terrain feature. The process of managing these occluders is known as occlusion culling. The purpose of using occluders is to optimize the game and improve its performance by reducing unnecessary rendering workload. However, it's important to note that setting up occluders requires careful planning to ensure that it does not impact the gameplay or visual quality.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "1gdDeUPBRco10LpOxug4k": {
+    "title": "Culling",
+    "description": "**Culling** is a performance optimization strategy employed in game development to improve efficiency and speed. _Culling_ helps in reducing the rendering workload by eliminating the elements that are not visible to the player or are outside the viewport of the game. There are several types of culling, two main being; **frustum culling** and **occlusion culling**. Frustum culling involves eliminating objects that are outside of the camera's field of view. On the other hand, Occlusion culling discards objects that are hidden or blocked by other objects. Culling ensures that only the elements that are necessary or add value to the player's experience are processed.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "xP_VDMu1z9jiVnZaBFKJQ": {
+    "title": "Clipping",
+    "description": "`Clipping` is a fundamental technique in computer graphics primarily used for efficiently rendering a three-dimensional scene. This process involves eliminating certain parts of objects in the scene that are out-of-view or obstructed by other objects. Clipping can occur in various ways, one of the most common methods being `View-frustum culling` where objects completely outside of the camera view are discarded. The aim of clipping is to optimize the graphic rendering pipeline by reducing the number of polygons that the graphic hardware needs to process. Consequently, this helps in improving the speed and overall performance of the rendering process.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "2ocwC0P1-ZFmjA9EmA1lV": {
+    "title": "Fog",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "UcLGWYu41Ok2NYdLNIY5C": {
+    "title": "Frustum",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "_1LkU258hzizSIgXipE0b": {
+    "title": "Light",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "lqfW8hkuN3vWtacrqBBtI": {
+    "title": "Shadow",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "-r15srXTBLnUGokpXKclH": {
+    "title": "Polygon",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "GHfLMtgmc36OCvjQvW_Su": {
+    "title": "Polyhedron",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "AEAVc8Ih4fctSGGVJG0Np": {
+    "title": "Stencil Shadow",
+    "description": "`Stencil shadows` are a technique used in 3D computer graphics for creating shadows. The stencil shadow algorithm operates by treating a shadow as a 3D volume of space, known as a shadow volume. Any part of the scene that lies inside this shadow volume will be in shadow. If it lies outside the shadow volume, it will be in light. The shadow volume is created by extruding the polygonal silhouette of a 3D object into space along the lines of sight from the light source. For equivalent complex objects, the number of edges or vertices to fill the stencil buffer will generally be less than the number of pixels needed to compute shadow maps, making stencil shadows more efficient in that regard. However, the shadows produced by this technique can look blocky or unrealistic if not further refined.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "Kx7O7RLp7aPGtOvK8e314": {
+    "title": "Graphics API",
+    "description": "A Graphics API (Application Programming Interface) is a collection of commands, functions, protocols, and tools that game developers use to build games. It forms an interface between the game and the hardware of the device, usually a computer or console, and assists in rendering 2D and 3D graphics performance. Complex tasks such as drawing polygons, texturing, or lighting are encapsulated in a more manageable, higher-level process by the API. Common examples are Vulkan, DirectX, OpenGL, and Metal. Each one varies in availability and performance across different platforms and devices and has unique features that can be utilized for game development.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "bgWFV09AtDv1yJS5t0EaB": {
+    "title": "DirectX",
+    "description": "**DirectX** is a collection of Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) developed by Microsoft to handle tasks related to multimedia, especially game programming and video, on Microsoft platforms. It was first introduced in 1995 and has become a crucial component for PC gaming. DirectX serves as an intermediary between a hardware and a software, managing the state of the hardware and giving commands to it. Some technologies under DirectX includes Direct3D for 3D graphics, DirectDraw for 2D graphics, DirectSound for sound, and DirectInput for interfacing with input devices such as keyboard and mouse.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "ffa5-YxRhE3zhWg7KXQ4r": {
+    "title": "OpenGL",
+    "description": "Open GL, also known as Open Graphics Library, is a cross-language, cross-platform API designed to render 2D and 3D vector graphics. As a software interface for graphics hardware, Open GL provides programmers the ability to create complex graphics visuals in detail. It was first developed by Silicon Graphics Inc. in 1992 and quickly became a highly popular tool in the graphics rendering industry. Open GL is widely used in CAD, virtual reality, scientific visualization, information visualization, and flight simulation. It is also used in video games production where real-time rendering is a requirement. The API is designed to work with a broad range of hardware from different manufacturers. Being open-source, Open GL's code capabilities can be extended by anyone in the software community.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "CeydBMwckqKll-2AgOlyd": {
+    "title": "WebGL",
+    "description": "`WebGL` (Web Graphics Library) is a JavaScript API that is used to render interactive 2D and 3D graphics within any compatible web browser without the use of plug-ins. It leverages the power of the Graphics Processing Unit (GPU), which provides high-efficiency rendering. WebGL programs consist of control code written in JavaScript and shader code that's written in OpenGL Shading Language (GLSL), allowing developers to control the fine details of graphics rendering. Besides its compatibility with HTML5 and its ability to render on any platform that supports the web, WebGL is entirely integrated into all web standards, facilitating GPU-accelerated image processing and effects.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "wYUDJb-q1rtM4w2QV3Wr1": {
+    "title": "HLSL",
+    "description": "**HLSL** stands for High-Level Shader Language, and it is the proprietary shading language developed by Microsoft for use with the Microsoft Direct3D API. Just like its counterpart from OpenGL - GLSL, it opens up the power of programmable GPUs for developers by providing capability for creating customized rendering effects or performing operations that are computationally expensive in CPU. HLSL resembles the C programming language, thereby making it easier for developers coming from traditional programming backgrounds. It is often considered an integral part of the Direct X ecosystem and is used for developing complex and visually impressive graphics for games.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "j8mWMFMQCEIPUzegDDsm1": {
+    "title": "GLSL",
+    "description": "GLSL (Graphics Library Shader Language) is a high-level shading language inspired by C, based on the syntax of the OpenGL Shading Language. It is used in graphics programming for defining how the graphical content should look. GLSL allows developers to harness the power of modern GPUs (Graphics Processing Units), enabling direct, unconstrained control over graphics rendering. A key aspect of the language is its ability to create shaders, which are small programs that run on the GPU. Shaders are used for various graphical effects like vertex manipulation, pixel color calculations, or post-processing effects.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "EVOiWAeZsIvjLTt3EYu-6": {
+    "title": "OpenGL ES",
+    "description": "OpenGL ES (Open Graphics Library for Embedded Systems) is a simplified version of OpenGL, designed for use on systems with lower computational power, such as mobile devices and embedded systems. Despite its semantic simplifications, OpenGL ES still retains high versatility and capability, allowing for high-performance 2D and 3D graphics on these smaller, less powerful systems. OpenGL ES has become particularly popular in mobile game development, with major platforms like Android and iOS providing full support for it. The API is divided into several versions, the latest of which, OpenGL ES 3.2, was released in 2016.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "oEznLciLxZJaulMlBGgg4": {
+    "title": "Metal",
+    "description": "Metal is a low-level, high-performance, application programming interface (API) developed by Apple. It debuted in iOS 8 and is dedicated to graphics and data-parallel computations. Essentially, it's designed to exploit modern GPU architecture on Apple devices, optimizing performance and power efficiency. This API applies to various platforms, including iOS, macOS, and tvOS. In contrast to high-level APIs like OpenGL, Metal offers a much lower overhead, allowing more direct control over the GPU. For developers, it means that they can squeeze better performance out of the hardware compared to higher-level APIs. With Metal, developers have a much more detailed view and control on the GPU which results in better graphical output and smoother performance.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "yPfhJSTFS7a72UcqF1ROK": {
+    "title": "Vulkan",
+    "description": "Vulkan is a high-performance, cross-platform API for graphics and computation tasks published by the Khronos Group. Unlike other graphics APIs, Vulkan provides developers with direct control over the GPU and aims to take full advantage of multicore processors, enabling significant performance gains in 3D applications. It supports Windows, Linux, Android, iOS, and MacOS platforms. It's built from ground-up to ensure minimal overhead on the CPU side, providing a more balanced CPU/GPU usage, hence not limiting the game to a single core. Vulkan can be seen as the successor to OpenGL, as it offers lower-level functionality and more efficient multi-threading capabilities.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "DvV32n3NoXNEej8Fsqqs2": {
+    "title": "SPIR-V",
+    "description": "`SPIR-V` is a binary intermediate language for graphics and computation kernels, which is defined by the Khronos Group. This programming language has been largely adopted and used by Vulkan, a low-overhead, cross-platform 3D graphics and computing API. Vulkan consumes `SPIR-V` directly, serving as the final shader stage before the GPU. The `SPIR-V` binary format is designed for portability and flexibility, allowing it to be a powerful tool for developers because of its extensibility through the addition of new instructions, without the need to rebuild toolchains or shaders. This makes `SPIR-V` an essential part of Vulkan, especially for game developers creating large, diverse worldscapes and intricate graphics.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "Hpf_CPmLpCSP8Qo07Kq1X": {
+    "title": "Game AI",
+    "description": "Game AI is a subfield of artificial intelligence (AI) that is used to create video game characters that act and react like real human players. Game AI is used in a variety of video games, from simple puzzle games to complex strategy games. Game AI can be used to create non-player characters (NPCs) that interact with the player, as well as to create intelligent opponents that challenge the player.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "Ky-95ipdgyPZGAIdqwMCk": {
+    "title": "Decision Making",
+    "description": "In game development, decision making often refers to the logic or processes that determine the behavior of non-playable characters or game environments. Three main types of decision making are used: deterministic, stochastic, and strategic. Deterministic decision making is based on predefined rules. With stochastic decision making, outcomes are probability-based, providing an element of randomness. Strategic decision making involves planning a sequence of actions to achieve a specified goal. Decisions can also be guided using various API tools such as **pathfinding algorithms** (which determine the shortest path between two points) or **decision trees** (which facilitate the selection of an action based on certain conditions). The choice of decision-making method depends largely on the desired complexity and behavior of your game elements.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "rwGivalwv2ozdSlVMSc4U": {
+    "title": "Decision Tree",
+    "description": "A **Decision Tree** is a graphical representation used in game development which helps to visualize the possible outcomes or paths a game could take depending on certain choices made by a gamer. Each branch of the tree represents a possible decision, outcome, or reaction and each node on the tree represents a game situation or event. Decision Trees help game developers in making strategic designs, create complex enemy AI, and overall assists in predicting the interaction or course of the game. It allows game developers to layout the decision points, possible choices and their outcomes, thus making it easier to trace the direction in which the game progresses.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "aJa_2xkZuSjQ5bt6Kj5oe": {
+    "title": "State Machine",
+    "description": "A **State Machine** is a conceptual model that is frequently used in game development to manage game states, or conditions. It consists of a number of different 'states', or modes, and the transitions between them. For instance, a mobile game could have states such as 'Start Screen', 'Playing', 'Paused' and 'Game Over'. Each one of these states will have specific commands associated and rules for transitioning to other states. This will govern the flow and behavior of the game. It can be used in AI character behaviors, UI systems, or game-level states. State Machines keep the code organised and manageable, making it easier for developers to implement complex game logic.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "ztoW8fBY73Es624A_tjd7": {
+    "title": "Behavior Tree",
+    "description": "The **Behavior Tree** is a decision-making system used in game development, primarily for AI character behavior. These trees help define the actions an AI character will take, based on predefined tasks and conditions. The tree structure starts from a single root, branching out to nodes that represent these decisions or tasks. The tasks can be simple, such as moving from one point to another, or can be complex decisions like whether to attack or retreat. This kind of structure is advantageous because it is easy to add, remove, or modify tasks without breaking the tree or affecting other tasks. This makes it highly flexible and easy to manage, irrespective of the complexity of the tasks.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "4ZCVUpYrCT14d_JULulLe": {
+    "title": "Fuzzy Logic",
+    "description": "Fuzzy Logic is a mathematical logic method that resolves problem-solving and system control. Unlike traditional binary sets (true or false), fuzzy logic variables have a truth value that ranges in degree between 0 and 1. This allows them to handle the concept of partial truth, where the truth value may range between completely true and completely false. In game development, fuzzy logic is often used in artificial intelligence to make the game more realistic. For instance, it can be used to program non-player characters (NPCs) who respond to situational changes dynamically, making the gameplay more engaging and interactive.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "c6j-30p84vk3MZEF1R2hN": {
+    "title": "Markov System",
+    "description": "A **Markov System** or **Markov Chain** represents a statistical model that is used in decision-making scenarios within game development. This model is based on the notion of \"memorylessness\" where a certain event's probability depends solely on the state attained in the previous event. It employs a sequence of possible events where the probability of each event hinges on the state achieved in the previous event. A common usage of a Markov System is in designing AI behavior within games, where each state symbolizes a different behavior, and transitions between them are governed by the Markov chain probabilities.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "Cuc0xvCAkVyUtwOxO_Uua": {
+    "title": "Goal Oriented Behavior",
+    "description": "Goal oriented behavior in game development refers to the artificial intelligence algorithms employed that give non-player characters (NPCs) the ability to make decisions based on certain objectives or tasks. These NPCs analyze the circumstances in the game environment, formulate a plan to achieve specific goals, and then execute it. The degree of sophistication in these algorithms can range from simple pathways to complex problem-solving solutions. As the behavior models are not hard-coded, it provides NPCs with greater adaptability and autonomy.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "mUyzX-DXnIKDl-r9o8d38": {
+    "title": "Movement",
+    "description": "In the context of game development and game API (Application Programming Interface), movement refers to the process of changing the position or orientation of game objects. This involves using programming functions to control objects' movement like walk, run, jump, fly, or any such physical action in the game world. Movement is at the core to creating the dynamics of a game and is critical to both game physics and game logic. Different game engines offer different ways for handling movement. In some APIs, this process could be as simple as setting a new position directly, such as `object.position = new Vector3(5, 10, 0)`. Meanwhile, in others, more complex methods involving real-world physics are required, such as applying forces or altering velocity.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "eoK70YRCz73GmzbNhh5kg": {
+    "title": "Board Game",
+    "description": "**Board Games** represent a type of tabletop game that involves counters or pieces moved or placed on a pre-marked surface or \"board\", according to a set of rules. Some games are based on pure strategy, but many contain an element of chance, and others are purely chance, with no element of skill. Games usually have a goal that a player aims to achieve. Early board games represented a battle between two armies, and most modern board games are still based on defeating opponents in terms of counters, winning position, or accruement of points. With the digitalization of board games, developers use various **Game APIs** to create engaging and interactive board game experiences. An API defines a set of rules and protocols for building and interacting with different software applications. Game APIs allow developers to integrate with game-specific features like game mechanics, player statistics, achievements, and more.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "oOjGqicW3eqRwWyIwJdBA": {
+    "title": "Minimax",
+    "description": "`Minimax` is an artificial intelligence (AI) decision-making algorithm mainly used in decision making and game theory, particularly for two player zero-sum games. It formulates a strategy by simulating all possible game scenarios and assuming that the opponent is playing an optimal game. Minimax operates by the player minimizing the possible loss for a worst case scenario and thus making the 'maximum of the minimum' possible scenarios. This algorithm is often combined with `alpha-beta pruning` technique to increase its efficiency.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "KYCi4d475zZfNwlj6HZVD": {
+    "title": "AB Pruning",
+    "description": "`Alpha-Beta pruning` is an optimization technique for the minimax algorithm used in artificial intelligence (AI) programming, such as game development. It cuts off branches in the game tree that don't need to be searched because there's already a better move available. It uses two parameters, alpha and beta, which represent the minimum score that the maximizing player is assured of and the maximum score that the minimizing player is assured of, respectively. During the traversal of the game tree, branches of the tree that cannot possibly influence the final decision are not explored. This process 'prunes' the minimax tree, saving computational time and resources.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "QD9TfZn3yhGPVwiyJ6d0V": {
+    "title": "MCTS",
+    "description": "\"MCTS\", or Monte Carlo Tree Search, is a search algorithm that utilizes methods of decision-making to solve complex problems, commonly implemented in a range of applications, including board games. It essentially operates through building a search tree, node by node, for probable states of a game and then using Monte Carlo simulations to provide a statistical analysis of potential outcomes. It randomly generates moves using the game's determined rules, then makes decisions based on the results of these simulations. In board games, it's often used to determine AI decisions by simulating possible game scenarios, hence contributing to making the AI system more robust and challenging.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "Hpk8eOaOepERMmOvUgkxa": {
+    "title": "Game AI",
+    "description": "Game AI is a subfield of artificial intelligence (AI) that is used to create video game characters that act and react like real human players. Game AI is used in a variety of video games, from simple puzzle games to complex strategy games. Game AI can be used to create non-player characters (NPCs) that interact with the player, as well as to create intelligent opponents that challenge the player.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "ul5XnVwQCwr4ZaL4kBNpd": {
+    "title": "Decision Learning",
+    "description": "In the realm of game development, **Decision Learning** refers to information systems that recognize and analyze patterns to help in making decisions. It’s particularly used in AI game development where decision-making algorithms or artificial intelligence are programmed to learn from and make decisions based on past experiences or an established decision tree. These decisions can be about game behaviors, player interactions, environment changes and so on. Various methods such as reinforcement learning, Bayesian methods, Decision trees, Neural networks are used to facilitate decision learning in game development.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "aw1BAGqrdBBmUwB6vMF_A": {
+    "title": "Naive Bayes Classifier",
+    "description": "The Naive Bayes Classifier is a type of probabalistic machine learning model that is utilized for classification tasks. These tasks can range from email filtering to sentiment analysis or even document categorization. This model is termed 'naive' because it operates under the assumption that each input feature is independent from one another. This simplifying assumption allows for the computation of the probabilities involved to be severely less complicated. It follows the Bayes' Theorem equation to predict the class of the given data point. While this classifier might seem simplistic, it holds its own quite well in complex real-world situations. Due to its simplicity and high efficiency, the Naive Bayes Classifier is one of the most reliable and practical methods in machine learning applications.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "sz1047M8_kScjth84yPwU": {
+    "title": "Decision Tree Learning",
+    "description": "`Decision Tree Learning` is an important concept in game development, particularly in the development of artificial intelligence for game characters. It is a kind of machine learning method that is based on using decision tree models to predict or classify information. A decision tree is a flowchart-like model, where each internal node denotes a test on an attribute, each branch represents an outcome of that test, and each leaf node holds a class label (decision made after testing all attributes). By applying decision tree learning models, computer-controlled characters can make decisions based on different conditions or states. They play a key role in creating complex and interactive gameplay experiences, by enabling game characters to adapt to the player's actions and the ever-changing game environment.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "ltkEyfuDxExs7knqs79ya": {
+    "title": "Deep Learning",
+    "description": "Deep Learning is a sub-field of machine learning, inspired by the structure and function of the human brain, specifically designed to process complex input/output transformations. It uses artificial neural networks with many layers (hence the term 'deep' learning) to model complex, non-linear hypotheses and discover hidden patterns within large datasets. Deep learning techniques are crucial in game development, primarily in creating intelligent behaviors and features in gaming agents, procedural content generation, and player profiling. You might have heard about the uses of deep learning technologies in popular, cutting-edge games like Google DeepMind's AlphaGo. Coding languages like Python, R, and frameworks like TensorFlow, Keras, and PyTorch are commonly used for deep learning tasks. Learning Deep Learning can be a prominent game-changer in your game development journey.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "AoH2r4EOHyZd8YaV24rBk": {
+    "title": "Artificial Neural Network",
+    "description": "Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) are a branch of machine learning that draw inspiration from biological neural networks. ANNs are capable of 'learning' from observational data, thereby enhancing game development in numerous ways. They consist of interconnected layers of nodes, or artificial neurons, that process information through their interconnected network. Each node's connection has numerical weight that gets adjusted during learning, which helps in optimizing problem solving. ANNs are utilized in various aspects of game development, such as improving AI behavior, procedural content generation, and game testing. They can also be used for image recognition tasks, such as identifying objects or actions in a game environment.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "rGEHTfdNeBAX3_XqC-vvI": {
+    "title": "Reinforcements Learning",
+    "description": "`Reinforcement Learning` is a type of Machine Learning which is geared towards making decisions. It involves an agent that learns to behave in an environment, by performing certain actions and observing the results or rewards/results it gets. The main principle of reinforcement learning is to reward good behavior and penalize bad behavior. The agent learns from the consequences of its actions, rather than from being taught explicitly. In the context of game development, reinforcement learning could be used to develop an AI (Artificial Intelligence) which can improve its performance in a game based on reward-driven behavior. The AI gradually learns the optimal strategy, known as policy, to achieve the best result.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "9_OcZ9rzedDFfwEYxAghh": {
+    "title": "Learning",
+    "description": "Machine Learning is a field of study that gives computers the ability to learn without being explicitly programmed. It is a branch of artificial intelligence based on the idea that systems can learn from data, identify patterns and make decisions with minimal human intervention. In terms of game development, machine learning can be used to create NPCs that can learn from the player's actions and adapt to them.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "CDYszS1U4v95GozB_drbt": {
+    "title": "Advanced Rendering",
+    "description": "**Advanced rendering** is a sophisticated technique used in game development that involves translating a 3D model or scene into a 2D image or animation. Advanced rendering techniques can involve various complex methods such as physically-based rendering, ray tracing, global illumination, subsurface scattering, caustics, and volumetric rendering. The use of advanced rendering can result in highly realistic graphics, as it uses complex calculations to depict how light behaves in the real world. Advanced rendering often requires powerful hardware resources and specialized software tools in order to achieve the desired images and animations.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "_i7BXZq-iLxQc3QZRMees": {
+    "title": "Real-time Ray Tracing",
+    "description": "**Real-time Ray Tracing** is a notable advancement in rendering technology. It aims to mimic the way light works in the real world by simulating how each ray of light interacts with different surfaces. In real-time ray tracing, rays of light are generated from the viewer's perspective and sent into the scene. They can reflect off surfaces, refract through materials, or scatter in different directions. These rays can also be absorbed, producing shadows and shaping the visibility of objects. What makes real-time ray tracing special is its ability to calculate all these interactions in real-time, which allows graphics to be much more dynamic and interactive. The complexity of real-time ray tracing involves extensive computational power and it has been a groundbreaking feature in newer hardware and software releases.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "qoIkw9o8iMx7MzUyVYoR2": {
+    "title": "DirectX Ray Tracing",
+    "description": "DirectX Ray Tracing (DXR) is an advanced Windows API introduced with DirectX 12. It delivers real-time, cinema-quality rendering to contend development in gaming and professional visualization. It provides highly efficient and straightforward access to RT Core hardware. DXR adds four new concepts to DirectX 12: The acceleration structure, The Raytracing pipeline state object, Shader tables, and the Command list method (DispatchRays). It represents a significant step forward by Microsoft in embracing Ray Tracing as a new standard in real-time rendering pipelines. For developers, DirectX Ray tracing is straightforward to integrate into existing engines given its easy compatibility with existing DirectX 12 programming models. However, to truly maximize DXR's potential, a deep understanding of both graphics workloads and tracing algorithms is necessary.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "tDGnV8dGIFr_diz4HcEjr": {
+    "title": "Vulkan Ray Tracing",
+    "description": "`Vulkan Ray Tracing` is an extension of the Vulkan API (Application Programming Interface), which is an open-source, cross-platform API developed by the Khronos Group. Its main goal is to provide developers with greater control over the GPU, enabling better performance and more efficient multisystem and multicore use. The Vulkan Ray Tracing extension provides a standardized ray tracing interface similar to DirectX Raytracing, enabling real-time ray tracing applications to be built on Vulkan. This extension includes a number of functionalities such as acceleration structure building and management, ray tracing shader stages and pipelines, and indirect ray tracing dispatch.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "GDLysy3__cbYidEaOmFze": {
+    "title": "OptiX",
+    "description": "`OptiX` is an application framework developed by NVIDIA for achieving high performance ray tracing in graphics processing unit (GPU) programming. It's mainly intended for use in real-time graphics application, scientific simulations, and other visual computing applications. `OptiX` provides key functionalities such as hierarchical object acceleration, programmable ray generation, material shading, and dynamic scene management to achieve fast and state-of-the-art rendering. This highly efficient, scalable and flexible API supports the coding of applications, not just for graphic rendering but also for collision detection and physics simulation. Please note that access to `OptiX` currently requires NVIDIA GeForce, Quadro and Tesla products with Kepler, Maxwell, Pascal, Volta, Turing and later generation GPUs.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "XvFtMHrYsBREmuerE7CGc": {
+    "title": "Physically-Based Rendering",
+    "description": "Physically Based Rendering (PBR) is a technique in computer graphics that aims to mimic the interaction of light with surfaces in the real world. It models how light behaves, from reflection to refraction, in a way that accurately represents reality. The PBR model factors in physical properties of materials, such as roughness or metallicity, making the rendering output more consistent and predictable under different lighting conditions. It uses complex shading algorithms and light calculations to generate a high level of realism. In order to achieve this, many PBR systems use a combination of two important components: the Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF), which defines how light is reflected off an object, and the Bidirectional Surface Scattering Reflectance Distribution Function (BSSRDF), which handles how light scatters under the surface of an object.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "PuhXaRZ-Ql5PCqzMyz3en": {
+    "title": "Translucency & Transparency",
+    "description": "In the realm of physically-based rendering, **translucency** and **transparency** act as key aspects in creating visually authentic and compelling images. Transparency refers to the property of an object that allows light to pass through it unhindered, hence making the object clear or invisible. This is commonly seen in materials such as glass, clear plastic, and water. On the other hand, translucency describes how light interacts with a semi-transparent object. Instead of passing directly through, light enters the object, travels within for some distance and then exits at a different location. Common examples of such surfaces include human skin, marble, milk, or wax, which exhibit a soft, diffused lighting effect when light rays pass through them. The technique to achieve this effect in graphics involves subsurface scattering, where incoming light is scattered beneath the object's surface, illuminated it in a way that showcases the material's internal structure.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "H3hkafXO9zqEnWuwHa38P": {
+    "title": "Conservation of Energy",
+    "description": "In the realm of physically-based rendering, **translucency** and **transparency** act as key aspects in creating visually authentic and compelling images. Transparency refers to the property of an object that allows light to pass through it unhindered, hence making the object clear or invisible. This is commonly seen in materials such as glass, clear plastic, and water. On the other hand, translucency describes how light interacts with a semi-transparent object. Instead of passing directly through, light enters the object, travels within for some distance and then exits at a different location. Common examples of such surfaces include human skin, marble, milk, or wax, which exhibit a soft, diffused lighting effect when light rays pass through them. The technique to achieve this effect in graphics involves subsurface scattering, where incoming light is scattered beneath the object's surface, illuminated it in a way that showcases the material's internal structure.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "olY1ibR7kw1yJ58TfU-37": {
+    "title": "Metallicity",
+    "description": "In Physically Based Rendering (PBR), **Metallicity** is a critical property of a material, which influences how it interacts with light. It's a binary property, indicating whether the material is a 'metal' or 'non-metal'. Metals have a high metallicity value (often 1), non-metals (such as wood, plastic, etc.) have a low metallicity value (often 0). Interestingly, with PBR, there exists no 'partially metal' materials ― it's an all or nothing characteristic. This property significantly impacts color handling, too, as metals derive their color from specular reflection while non-metals derive from subsurface scattering (diffuse).",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "YrQgfjsdLCIUxrwflpEHO": {
+    "title": "Microsurface Scattering",
+    "description": "Microsurface scattering, also known as sub-surface scattering, is an important phenomenon in Physically Based Rendering (PBR). This process involves the penetration of light into the surface of a material, where it is scattered by interacting with the material. In other words, when light strikes an object, rather than simply bouncing off the surface, some of it goes into the object and gets scattered around inside before getting re-emitted. It is key to achieving more realistic rendering of translucent materials like skin, marble, milk, and more. Consider it essential for replicating how light interacts with real-world materials in a convincing manner in your game.",
+    "links": []
+  }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/public/roadmap-content/git-github.json b/public/roadmap-content/git-github.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c791f3b30
--- /dev/null
+++ b/public/roadmap-content/git-github.json
@@ -0,0 +1,2360 @@
+{
+  "HlUUGj3dOZ68t4gIjerXh": {
+    "title": "Learn the Basics",
+    "description": "A Version Control System (VCS) is a tool that helps developers manage changes to their code over time. It allows multiple versions of a project to exist simultaneously, making it easier to collaborate with others and maintain a record of all modifications.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is version control?",
+        "url": "https://www.atlassian.com/git/tutorials/what-is-version-control",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is Git? - The Complete Guide to Git",
+        "url": "https://www.datacamp.com/blog/all-about-git",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "GUI Clients",
+        "url": "https://git-scm.com/downloads/guis",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Getting Started - Installing Git",
+        "url": "https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Getting-Started-Installing-Git",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Creating an account on GitHub",
+        "url": "https://docs.github.com/en/get-started/start-your-journey/creating-an-account-on-github",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is Git? Explained in 2 Minutes!",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2ReR1YJrNOM",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "bY6b1GV2XQQ52NOx8gWFj": {
+    "title": "What is Version Control?",
+    "description": "Version control is a system that manages and tracks changes to files over time, allowing multiple people to collaborate on a project while maintaining a history of all modifications. It records changes to files, such as code, documents, or configuration files, and stores them in a repository. With version control, developers can revert to previous versions, compare differences between versions, and understand the evolution of a project. It supports features like branching, where different lines of development can occur independently, and merging, which combines changes from different branches. Overall, version control ensures that changes are organized, recoverable, and easily managed, making it a critical tool in software development and collaborative projects.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is version control?",
+        "url": "https://www.atlassian.com/git/tutorials/what-is-version-control",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is Git? Explained in 2 minutes",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2ReR1YJrNOM",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "dhIx1GnynvbSUriqYLUt0": {
+    "title": "Why use Version Control?",
+    "description": "Using version control is essential for managing changes in software development, as it enables tracking of modifications, collaboration, and maintaining a history of your project. It allows multiple developers to work on the same codebase simultaneously without overwriting each other's work, providing a clear record of who made changes and why. Version control systems facilitate rollback to previous versions if issues arise, and they support branching and merging, which are crucial for experimenting with new features and managing different stages of development. Overall, version control ensures code quality, accountability, and efficient collaboration in projects.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Benefits of using version control",
+        "url": "https://www.techrepublic.com/article/version-control-benefits/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is version control and why is it important?",
+        "url": "https://start.docuware.com/blog/document-management/what-is-version-control-why-is-it-important",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "_jSTrYN9G8EsGHkbusKPU": {
+    "title": "Git vs Other VCS",
+    "description": "Git has become the de facto standard for source control in software development, but it's not the only version control system (VCS) available. Here are some key differences between Git and other popular VCS:\n\n*   Mercurial: Mercurial is a distributed VCS that uses a similar architecture to Git. However, it has a more centralized approach and doesn't use hashes for tracking changes.\n*   Subversion: Subversion is a centralized VCS that's often compared to Git. While both systems support branching and merging, Subversion requires a central server to manage the repository.\n*   Perforce: Perforce is a commercial VCS that's designed for large-scale development projects. It uses a centralized approach and has features like build automation and issue tracking.\n*   CVS: CVS is an older version control system that's still in use today. However, it lacks many modern features and is often considered outdated.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Git vs. Other VCS: A Comparative Analysis",
+        "url": "https://medium.com/@pascalchinedu2000/git-vs-other-vcs-a-comparative-analysis-5cb03ad58e0e",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "v7hCNbgPByi3YiLSs46BK": {
+    "title": "Installing Git Locally",
+    "description": "To use Git on your local machine, you need to install it first. The installation process varies depending on your operating system:\n\n*   On Windows: Download the binary from the official Git or GitHub release page and follow the installation instructions.\n*   On macOS (using Homebrew): Run `brew install git` in your terminal.\n*   On Linux: Run `sudo apt-get install git` or `sudo yum install git` depending on your distribution.\n\nOnce installed, you can verify the Git version by running `git --version` in your terminal. This will display the currently installed Git version.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Git - Downloads",
+        "url": "https://git-scm.com/downloads",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Install Git",
+        "url": "https://github.com/git-guides/install-git",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "PtU5Qwfzn3N1i3oRlCGoR": {
+    "title": "What is a Repository",
+    "description": "A repository is a storage location for your project's code, documentation, and other files. It serves as a central hub for collaboration, version control, and code management. It allows multiple people to work on the same project without overwriting each other's work.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "About repositories",
+        "url": "hhttps://docs.github.com/en/repositories/creating-and-managing-repositories/about-repositories",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is a repository?",
+        "url": "https://www.gitkraken.com/learn/git/tutorials/what-is-a-git-repository",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "1iOkbO5juk2LO-WZHx_W6": {
+    "title": "git init",
+    "description": "The `git init` command creates a new Git repository. It can be used to convert an existing, unversioned project to a Git repository or initialize a new, empty repository. Most other Git commands are not available outside of an initialized repository, so this is usually the first command you'll run in a new project.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Git - git-init Documentation",
+        "url": "https://git-scm.com/docs/git-init",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "git init | Atlassian Git Tutorial",
+        "url": "https://www.atlassian.com/git/tutorials/setting-up-a-repository/git-init#:~:text=The%20git%20init%20command%20creates,run%20in%20a%20new%20project.",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "NMCWgzhhfUvFOMO5GbF_u": {
+    "title": "git config",
+    "description": "The `git config` command is a convenience function that is used to set Git configuration values on a global or local project level. These configuration levels correspond to .gitconfig text files. Executing `git config` will modify a configuration text file.\n\nThe most basic use case for `git config` is to invoke it with a configuration name, which will display the set value at that name. Configuration names are dot delimited strings composed of a 'section' and a 'key' based on their hierarchy. For example: `user.email`\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Git - git-config Documentation",
+        "url": "https://git-scm.com/docs/git-config",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "git config | Atlassian Git Tutorial",
+        "url": "https://www.atlassian.com/git/tutorials/setting-up-a-repository/git-config",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Setting your username in Git",
+        "url": "https://docs.github.com/en/get-started/getting-started-with-git/setting-your-username-in-git",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Git config commands | Git tutorial",
+        "url": "https://nulab.com/learn/software-development/git-tutorial/git-commands-settings/git-config-commands/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "tVvxC5JQgUb_B8kOqYpD8": {
+    "title": "Local vs Global Config",
+    "description": "To manage local and global configuration settings, you can use the git config command with the --local and --global options.\n\n*   Local configuration: Run `git config --local [key] [value]` to set a local configuration setting for the current repository.\n*   Global configuration: Use `git config --global [key] [value]` to set a global configuration setting that applies to all repositories on your system.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Customizing Git - Git Configuration",
+        "url": "https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Customizing-Git-Git-Configuration",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "A step-by-step guide to setting up global Git config properties",
+        "url": "https://medium.com/geekculture/a-step-by-step-guide-to-setting-up-git-config-global-properties-db6dbce30fa8",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "Sv36oxTZwlUv-i1K28NeP": {
+    "title": "Working Directory",
+    "description": "A working directory in Git is the local environment where files are stored and modified as part of a project. It reflects the current state of the project's files, allowing developers to edit, add, or delete files. Changes made in the working directory can be staged for commit, which means they're prepared for inclusion in the next commit. The working directory is connected to the Git repository, and it helps manage the differences between the committed history and the current state of the files. It plays a central role in tracking changes, testing, and developing new features.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Git vs Working Directory",
+        "url": "https://codesweetly.com/git-vs-working-directory/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "h71Tx3nkfUrnhaqcHlDkQ": {
+    "title": "Staging Area",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "2_z3R7seCvQVj-Na4H1SV": {
+    "title": "Committing Changes",
+    "description": "Committing changes in Git is a crucial part of version control, allowing you to save your progress and record a snapshot of your project's current state.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "How git commit works",
+        "url": "https://github.com/git-guides/git-commit",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Git commit",
+        "url": "https://www.atlassian.com/git/tutorials/saving-changes/git-commit",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "oz2oRAhaEQb0Fm3aRJQG8": {
+    "title": ".gitignore",
+    "description": "Ignored files are tracked in a special file named `.gitignore` that is checked in at the root of your repository. There is no explicit git ignore command: instead the `.gitignore` file must be edited and committed by hand when you have new files that you wish to ignore. `.gitignore` files contain patterns that are matched against file names in your repository to determine whether or not they should be ignored.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "gitignore Documentation",
+        "url": "https://git-scm.com/docs/gitignore/en",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": ".gitignore file - ignoring files in Git | Atlassian Git Tutorial",
+        "url": "https://www.atlassian.com/git/tutorials/saving-changes/gitignore",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Ignoring files - GitHub Docs",
+        "url": "https://docs.github.com/en/get-started/getting-started-with-git/ignoring-files",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "IfUm5D_zNaUKMd4HX4Fi4": {
+    "title": "Viewing Commit History",
+    "description": "Viewing commit history is a crucial aspect of Git, allowing users to examine the chronological record of repository changes. This feature is essential for understanding project evolution, tracking modifications, and facilitating effective team collaboration. Git provides various commands like `git log` and its options (e.g., `--oneline`, `--graph`, `--patch`, `--stat`) to display commit history in different formats. Users can filter commits by author, date range, and other criteria. By regularly reviewing commit history and following best practices such as writing clear commit messages and using tags, developers can gain valuable insights into their project's development and make informed decisions about future changes.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Git Basics - Viewing the Commit History",
+        "url": "https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Git-Basics-Viewing-the-Commit-History",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How to Use Git Log to View Commit History",
+        "url": "https://www.freecodecamp.org/news/git-log-command/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "bXfCUG3h1TIFPgD4WUDph": {
+    "title": "Branching Basics",
+    "description": "Branches in Git serve as separate lines of development that allow multiple features or changes to be worked on simultaneously without affecting the main codebase. With branches, you can create isolated environments for different tasks, collaborate with others, and manage complex workflows.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Git Branching - Basic Branching and Merging",
+        "url": "https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Git-Branching-Basic-Branching-and-Merging",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Git Branches Tutorial",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e2IbNHi4uCI",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "OegitQ5Ngjvd3ZfMpfrkM": {
+    "title": "Creating Branch",
+    "description": "Creating a branch in Git is a fundamental part of working with version control, allowing you to work on different features or fixes without affecting the main codebase. You can create branches either through the terminal or github interface\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Git branch documentation",
+        "url": "https://git-scm.com/docs/git-branch",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Git branch",
+        "url": "https://www.atlassian.com/git/tutorials/using-branches",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "_dPOVUbxApx0pfKPH8fgr": {
+    "title": "Renaming Branch",
+    "description": "Renaming a branch in Git means changing the name of a branch to something different while preserving its history and the commits it contains. The branch itself remains the same in terms of the code and history it tracks, but the reference (the name by which you refer to it) is updated\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Renaming a branch - GitHub Docs",
+        "url": "https://docs.github.com/github/administering-a-repository/renaming-a-branch",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Git Rename Branch – How to Change a Local Branch Name",
+        "url": "https://www.freecodecamp.org/news/git-rename-branch-how-to-change-a-local-branch-name/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "1uDenoQ6zu7CT69FR2iQB": {
+    "title": "Deleting Branch",
+    "description": "Deleting a Git branch means removing a line of development from your Git repository. A branch in Git is essentially a pointer to a specific commit, representing an independent line of development. When you delete a branch, you’re removing this pointer, making that line of development no longer accessible through the branch name.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Creating and deleting branches within your repository",
+        "url": "https://docs.github.com/articles/creating-and-deleting-branches-within-your-repository",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How to Delete a Git Branch Both Locally and Remotely",
+        "url": "https://www.freecodecamp.org/news/how-to-delete-a-git-branch-both-locally-and-remotely/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "PtRo-wGiNAagZ6CykfvMr": {
+    "title": "Checkout Branch",
+    "description": "In Git, to \"checkout\" from a branch means to switch your working directory to that branch, making it the active branch. This updates your files to match the state of that branch and allows you to work on it.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "git-checkout",
+        "url": "https://git-scm.com/docs/git-checkout",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "git-commands-checkout",
+        "url": "https://www.git-tower.com/learn/git/commands/git-checkout",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Git Checkout. Different ways of using the checkout command in the Git Project",
+        "url": "https://youtu.be/h_PIHOFUYuw?si=tebKCCb5U3ues0Io",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "sNuy6NMjLOEkJlqdEjFPq": {
+    "title": "Merging Basics",
+    "description": "A merge in Git is the process of combining changes from one branch into another. When you want to integrate updates from one branch (the source) into another branch (the target), you need to perform a merge. This involves resolving conflicts between the two branches, if any exist. The goal of merging is to create a new commit that represents the combined changes from both branches, resulting in a single, cohesive history for your project.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Git Branching - Basic Merging",
+        "url": "https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Git-Branching-Basic-Branching-and-Merging#:~:text=into%20master%20later.-,Basic%20Merging,-Suppose%20you%E2%80%99ve%20decided",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Git merge",
+        "url": "https://www.atlassian.com/git/tutorials/using-branches/git-merge",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "NeSvgS2yA5x8qbcJHrV__": {
+    "title": "GitHub Essentials",
+    "description": "GitHub Essentials refers to the core features and functionalities that form the foundation of GitHub's version control and collaboration platform. These essentials include repositories for storing and managing code, branches for parallel development, pull requests for code review and merging, issues for tracking tasks and bugs, and collaborative tools like project boards and wikis. Understanding and mastering these fundamental components allows developers to effectively manage their projects, collaborate with team members, and contribute to open-source initiatives, making GitHub an indispensable tool in modern software development workflows.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "i7fIIHcBEk473te8bniJ5": {
+    "title": "Creating Account",
+    "description": "To get started with GitHub, you'll need to create a free personal account on [GitHub.com](http://GitHub.com) and verify your email address. Every person who uses [GitHub.com](http://GitHub.com) signs in to a personal account. Your personal account is your identity on [GitHub.com](http://GitHub.com) and has a username and profile.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Creating an account on GitHub",
+        "url": "https://docs.github.com/en/get-started/start-your-journey/creating-an-account-on-github",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "qZFtRABvlBbVvsy6T00J2": {
+    "title": "GitHub Interface",
+    "description": "The GitHub interface is a web-based platform that provides a user-friendly environment for managing and collaborating on software projects. It offers a comprehensive set of tools and features accessible through an intuitive layout, including repository management, code browsing, issue tracking, pull requests, and project boards. The interface is designed to streamline workflows, facilitate team communication, and enhance productivity for developers of all skill levels. With its clean and organized structure, users can easily navigate between different sections of their projects, review code changes, manage tasks, and interact with team members, making it an essential tool for modern software development and version control.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "GitHub Desktop App",
+        "url": "https://github.com/apps/desktop",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Getting Started with GitHub",
+        "url": "https://digital.gov/resources/an-introduction-github/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "GS3f1FKFVKT0-GJQrgCm8": {
+    "title": "Setting up Profile",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "c_FO6xMixrrMo6iisfsvl": {
+    "title": "Creating Repositories",
+    "description": "Creating a Git repository means setting up a system to track changes in your project's files over time. This is crucial for version control, allowing you to manage, review, and collaborate on code efficiently.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Quickstart for repositories - GitHub Docs",
+        "url": "https://docs.github.com/en/repositories/creating-and-managing-repositories/quickstart-for-repositories",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "KbVvFVQ4k77R2_ddsc7WT": {
+    "title": "Profile Readme",
+    "description": "A GitHub Profile README is a special repository that allows users to showcase their skills, projects, and personality directly on their GitHub profile. To create one, you need to make a new repository with the same name as your GitHub username. This repository should contain a [README.md](http://README.md) file, which GitHub will automatically display on your profile page. The README can be customized with Markdown formatting, allowing you to add text, images, links, and even dynamic content like GitHub stats or recent blog posts. This feature provides a unique opportunity to make your GitHub profile more engaging and informative for visitors, effectively serving as a personalized landing page for your GitHub presence.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Managing your profile README",
+        "url": "https://docs.github.com/en/account-and-profile/setting-up-and-managing-your-github-profile/customizing-your-profile/managing-your-profile-readme",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "GitHub Profile README",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KhGWbt1dAKQ",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "HEqBbw_A4ZbJI5zEy8ViN": {
+    "title": "Private vs Public",
+    "description": "GitHub offers both private and public repositories, each serving different purposes in software development. Public repositories are visible to everyone on the internet, making them ideal for open-source projects, collaboration, and showcasing work to a wider audience. They encourage community contributions and can help developers build their portfolios. Private repositories, on the other hand, are only accessible to the repository owner and designated collaborators. These are suitable for proprietary code, sensitive projects, or work that's not ready for public consumption. Private repositories offer greater control over access and visibility, making them essential for businesses and individuals who need to keep their code confidential.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "About project visibility",
+        "url": "https://docs.github.com/en/repositories/creating-and-managing-repositories/about-repositories#about-repository-visibility",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "aWx9WHUrgofcTr8B-fQYe": {
+    "title": "Git Remotes",
+    "description": "In Git, a remote is a reference to a repository that exists on another server or system. Remotes allow you to access and interact with a copy of your repository that is stored elsewhere, making it possible to collaborate with others, share your work, and maintain multiple copies of your repository for backup and disaster recovery purposes. When you add a remote to your local repository, Git creates a reference to the remote repository, enabling you to push changes from your local repository to the remote one, pull changes from the remote to your local one, or fetch changes from the remote without updating your local copy. This enables distributed development and helps maintain a centralized version of your project's history, making it easier to track changes, manage conflicts, and ensure that everyone has access to the most up-to-date code.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "About remote repositories",
+        "url": "https://docs.github.com/en/get-started/getting-started-with-git/about-remote-repositories",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is a Remote Repository? [Beginner Git Tutorial]",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lb4yvfrX_7I",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "sBQOInoFBU9XfkPZ-JlyT": {
+    "title": "Managing Remotes",
+    "description": "In Git, a remote repository refers to a copy of a project's source code stored on a server or other machine.\n\n*   Adding remotes: Use `git remote add [name] [url]` to add a new remote repository. This allows you to track changes and push/pull updates from the remote.\n*   Listing remotes: Run `git remote -v` to list all configured remotes with their URLs.\n*   Renaming remotes: Update the name of an existing remote using `git remote rename [old-name] [new-name]`.\n*   Deleting remotes: Remove a remote repository with `git remote remove [name]`.\n\nManaging remotes is essential for collaborating on projects or tracking changes from upstream sources.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Managing remote repositories",
+        "url": "https://docs.github.com/en/get-started/getting-started-with-git/managing-remote-repositories",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "ZVMCh9om37ee1qsecFa-N": {
+    "title": "Pushing / Pulling Changes",
+    "description": "When you pull changes in Git, you're fetching and integrating changes from a remote repository into your local repository. This operation updates your local branch with the latest changes from the remote branch. Whereas When you push changes in Git, you're sending your local commits to a remote repository, such as GitHub, GitLab, or Bitbucket. This operation updates the remote repository with your latest changes.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Pushing commits to a remote repository",
+        "url": "https://docs.github.com/en/get-started/using-git/pushing-commits-to-a-remote-repository",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "A Comprehensive Guide to git pull and git push",
+        "url": "https://dev.to/alexmercedcoder/mastering-git-a-comprehensive-guide-to-git-pull-and-git-push-2eo3",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "GIT Push and Pull Tutorial",
+        "url": "https://www.datacamp.com/tutorial/git-push-pull",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "Gybnekbd1rJKTOf4hJ4Sh": {
+    "title": "Fetch without Merge",
+    "description": "Running `git fetch` retrieves changes from a remote repository into your local clone, but does not automatically merge any of these changes into your local working directory. This is different from `git pull`, which both fetches and merges remote changes. By using fetch without merge, you can ensure that your local clone is up-to-date with the latest information from the remote repository, while leaving your working directory unchanged. You can then choose to apply these changes by using merge or rebase. This approach helps maintain a clean and consistent local state, making it easier to manage and commit changes.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Git Fetch",
+        "url": "https://git-scm.com/docs/git-fetch",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Git fetch",
+        "url": "https://www.atlassian.com/git/tutorials/syncing/git-fetch",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Git Fetch | What is Git Fetch and How to Use it | Learn Git",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uEEcw1s_wWk",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "d_GNnB6PBINz1jxGNWAE-": {
+    "title": "Collaboration on GitHub",
+    "description": "Collaboration on GitHub is a powerful way for multiple people to work together on the same project, using Git as the version control system. GitHub provides various tools and workflows that make collaboration efficient and organized.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "How to collaborate in a GitHub project",
+        "url": "https://gist.github.com/neklaf/9002d3acccf6b6e448db5c4c4e8764c0",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Best Practices for collaborating in github",
+        "url": "https://www.gitkraken.com/blog/collaborate-on-github",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Working with GitHub in VS Code",
+        "url": "https://code.visualstudio.com/docs/sourcecontrol/github",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "l1Wf7Pe_ah8ycCgslfSK4": {
+    "title": "Forking vs Cloning",
+    "description": "Forking and cloning are two fundamental concepts in Git, particularly when working with repositories hosted on platforms like GitHub, GitLab, or Bitbucket. While both actions involve copying a repository, they serve different purposes and have distinct workflows. Cloning a repository means creating a local copy of a repository that exists on a remote server (e.g., GitHub) on your local machine. This allows you to work on the project locally, make changes, and then push those changes back to the remote repository if you have the necessary permissions. Forking a repository is specific to platforms like GitHub, GitLab, and Bitbucket. When you fork a repository, you create a copy of someone else’s repository in your own account. This forked repository is independent of the original and can be modified without affecting the original project.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "The difference between forking and cloning a repository",
+        "url": "https://github.com/orgs/community/discussions/35849",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Git fork vs. clone: What's the difference?",
+        "url": "https://www.theserverside.com/answer/Git-fork-vs-clone-Whats-the-difference",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Git Fork vs. Git Clone: What's the Difference?",
+        "url": "https://youtu.be/6YQxkxw8nhE?si=mJNvcaB4lQccsU57",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "GitHub Forking vs Cloning: Key Differences Explained",
+        "url": "https://youtu.be/yQSjqYs2UBE?si=3BKYtWmkLIMWvA6G",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "crdllx5cH_seIpgVPvHg_": {
+    "title": "Issues",
+    "description": "On GitHub, an issue is a way to track and report bugs, feature requests, or other problems with a repository. Here are some key aspects of issues:\n\n*   Creating issues: Users can create new issues by submitting a form on the repository's Issues page.\n*   Issue titles and descriptions: Each issue has a title and body (description), which provide context for the problem or request.\n*   Assignees: Issues can be assigned to specific users, who are then responsible for addressing the issue.\n*   Labels: Labels are used to categorize issues by topic, priority, or other criteria. This helps filter and organize issues within a repository.\n*   States: Issues have states that reflect their status, such as \"Open\", \"Closed\", or \"Pending\".\n*   Comments: Users can comment on existing issues to discuss or provide additional context.\n*   Labels and milestones: Issues can be associated with labels (topics) and milestones (deadlines), which help filter and prioritize them.\n\nIssues are a core feature of GitHub repositories, enabling teams to collaborate effectively on resolving problems and implementing new features.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "About Issues",
+        "url": "https://docs.github.com/en/issues/tracking-your-work-with-issues/about-issues",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is GitHub Issues?",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6HWw7rhwvtY",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "1Koej79yTv-OAswVZwgGq": {
+    "title": "Cloning Repositories",
+    "description": "Cloning a repository in Git and GitHub involves creating a local copy of a remote repository on your computer. This allows you to work on the project locally, commit changes, and later push those changes back to the remote repository.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Git clone",
+        "url": "https://git-scm.com/docs/git-clone/en",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Cloning a repository",
+        "url": "https://docs.github.com/en/repositories/creating-and-managing-repositories/cloning-a-repository",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Clone a git respository",
+        "url": "https://www.atlassian.com/git/tutorials/setting-up-a-repository/git-clone",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Cloning remote respository into local machine",
+        "url": "https://youtu.be/xeQih8LVtZM?si=djlyTDpLNS0oyqQH",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "x6eILrLCQrVpz4j8uOuy6": {
+    "title": "Pull Requests",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "8lXXVFkgK6n5IHaYkYe3l": {
+    "title": "PR from a Fork",
+    "description": "Creating a pull request from a fork on GitHub is a common workflow for contributing to open-source projects or collaborating on repositories you don't have direct write access to. After forking the original repository to your GitHub account, you can make changes in your fork, commit them, and then create a pull request to propose these changes to the original repository. This process allows project maintainers to review your contributions, discuss any necessary modifications, and ultimately merge your changes into the main project if they're approved. It's an essential feature that facilitates collaboration and code review in distributed development environments.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Creating a pull request from a fork",
+        "url": "https://docs.github.com/en/pull-requests/collaborating-with-pull-requests/proposing-changes-to-your-work-with-pull-requests/creating-a-pull-request-from-a-fork",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How to Create a Pull Request from a Fork on GitHub",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a_FLqX3vGR4",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "r-u1vTpUyuvsB0revOU0C": {
+    "title": "Collaborators",
+    "description": "Collaborators in GitHub are users who have been granted direct access to a repository by the repository owner or organization administrators. Collaborators can perform actions like pushing commits, creating branches, and managing issues or pull requests, depending on the permissions granted to them. They are typically added to private repositories or to public repositories where more control over contributions is needed.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "How to add collaborators to your personal projects",
+        "url": "https://docs.github.com/en/account-and-profile/setting-up-and-managing-your-personal-account-on-github/managing-access-to-your-personal-repositories/inviting-collaborators-to-a-personal-repository",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Adding outside collaborators to repositories in your organization",
+        "url": "https://docs.github.com/en/organizations/managing-user-access-to-your-organizations-repositories/managing-outside-collaborators/adding-outside-collaborators-to-repositories-in-your-organization",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What are github collaborators",
+        "url": "https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/what-are-github-collaborators/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How to Add Collaborators to Your GitHub Repository",
+        "url": "https://www.blinkops.com/blog/how-to-add-collaborators-to-your-github-repository",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Using Github for Team collaboration",
+        "url": "https://youtu.be/4nyIS58ORWw?si=yK5LCONNVm9OIUK5",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "y4DkB5NvTh41IeT0G2gr-": {
+    "title": "Labelling Issues / PRs",
+    "description": "On GitHub, labels are a way to categorize issues and pull requests (PRs) by topic, priority, or other criteria. Some common labels used are:\n\n*   `Bug`\n*   `Duplicate`\n*   `Enhancement`\n*   `Feature request`\n*   `High priority`\n*   `Needs feedback`\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Managing labels",
+        "url": "https://docs.github.com/en/issues/using-labels-and-milestones-to-track-work/managing-labels",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "dQS1V0zZxeKhHhUo3STBK": {
+    "title": "Saved Replies",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "oWMaOWU06juoIuzXNe-wt": {
+    "title": "Mentions",
+    "description": "Mentions on GitHub allow you to notify specific users or teams about comments, issues, pull requests, or other activities. This feature improves collaboration by encouraging participation and discussion among team members, increasing visibility of important topics, and streamlining communication within your repository. To use mentions, simply type `@username` or `@teamname` in a comment, and GitHub will auto-complete the mention as you type, automatically linking their username to the comment and notifying them about the discussion.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "XstmIysIi_lWo6RzszLBt": {
+    "title": "Reactions",
+    "description": "Reactions in GitHub are a way for users to express their feelings or opinions about issues, pull requests, comments, and other discussions without adding additional comments. They are similar to \"likes\" or \"emojis\" on social media platforms, providing a quick and non-verbal way to engage with content.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Add Reactions to Pull Requests, Issues, and Comments",
+        "url": "https://github.blog/news-insights/product-news/add-reactions-to-pull-requests-issues-and-comments/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "0rHDUbAdXqH9zQW2VfJ8v": {
+    "title": "Merge Strategies",
+    "description": "When combining changes from one branch into another, Git provides various merge strategies to choose from. These methods allow for flexibility and customization in integrating code updates into your main branch. The available options include:\n\n*   Fast Forward (FF)\n*   Non-Fast Forward\n*   Rebase\n*   Squash\n*   Cherry Picking",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "agtPWS8j6i6wQPk10cy8E": {
+    "title": "Fast-Forward vs Non-FF",
+    "description": "In Git, when you merge branches, there are two primary types of merges: Fast-Forward and Non-Fast-Forward (No-FF). These terms describe how Git handles the history and pointers when merging branches. Understanding the difference between these two types of merges is crucial for managing your project's commit history effectively.\n\nA Fast-Forward merge occurs when the branch you are merging into (often main or master) has not diverged from the branch you are merging (often a feature branch). In other words, the commit history of the target branch is a strict subset of the branch being merged. In a Fast-Forward merge, Git simply moves the pointer of the target branch forward to the latest commit on the branch being merged. No new merge commit is created; the history is linear.\n\nA Non-Fast-Forward (No-FF) merge happens when the target branch has diverged from the branch being merged or when you explicitly choose to create a merge commit. In this case, Git creates a new commit that represents the merging of the two branches. Git creates a new merge commit that has two parent commits: one from the target branch and one from the branch being merged. The merge commit is a snapshot of the merged work, preserving the history of both branches.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Git Fast-Forward VS Non-Fast-Forward",
+        "url": "https://leimao.github.io/blog/Git-Fast-Forward-VS-Non-Fast-Forward/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Git Merge: To Squash Or Fast-Forward?",
+        "url": "https://dev.to/trpricesoftware/git-merge-to-squash-or-fast-forward-3791",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Difference between a git fast forward and no fast forward",
+        "url": "https://gist.github.com/moraisaugusto/1fa02c49b6d9833fcdf665505595ac2e",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "GIT Fast Forward Visualized",
+        "url": "https://youtu.be/DN1fNYoJgDw?si=_TZKACj4SCOuESGm",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "git merge no fast forward",
+        "url": "https://youtu.be/X_8atqzsO8U?si=e9hMQg_aWLRMWf4O",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "9Dt4Gyiiq5jteWSKxsRMK": {
+    "title": "Handling Conflicts",
+    "description": "When multiple developers work on the same project simultaneously, conflicts can arise during the merging process. This occurs when changes made by different individuals overlap or contradict each other in a specific code file. In such situations, Git's conflict resolution mechanism comes into play, allowing users to manually resolve these issues and merge the conflicting changes.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Resolving a merge conflict using the command line",
+        "url": "https://docs.github.com/en/pull-requests/collaborating-with-pull-requests/addressing-merge-conflicts/resolving-a-merge-conflict-using-the-command-line",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Resolve merge conflicts in Visual Studio",
+        "url": "https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/visualstudio/version-control/git-resolve-conflicts?view=vs-2022",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Resolve Git MERGE CONFLICTS: The Definitive Guide",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sqsz1-o7nXk",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "99FVJ3Zs8n6lr8L95mG6g": {
+    "title": "Rebase",
+    "description": "Rebasing in Git is a powerful and potentially complex feature used to reorganize or modify a series of commits. The primary purpose of rebasing is to create a cleaner, more linear project history by moving or combining changes from one branch onto another.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Rebasing",
+        "url": "https://git-scm.com/book/en/Git-Branching-Rebasing",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "Z-srOhYFGVEKDexlJ6cjt": {
+    "title": "Squash",
+    "description": "Squashing in Git, refers to the process of combining multiple commits into a single commit. This is often done to create a cleaner and more concise commit history, especially before merging a feature branch into the main branch.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Git Squash Commits",
+        "url": "https://www.freecodecamp.org/news/git-squash-commits/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How to Squash Commits in Git",
+        "url": "https://medium.com/iosnesia/how-to-squash-commits-in-git-e73a41248211",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "GIT Tutorial - How to Squash Commits",
+        "url": "https://youtu.be/viY1BbKZhSI?si=kORsEzQvCRFGauQa",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "eFf2fesrs-1aVM5tH3ORQ": {
+    "title": "Cherry Picking Commits",
+    "description": "Cherry-picking in Git allows you to apply a specific commit from one branch to another, without merging the entire branch. This is useful when you want to bring in a specific feature or fix from one branch to another without incorporating all the changes from the source branch.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "git-cherry-pick-docs",
+        "url": "https://git-scm.com/docs/git-cherry-pick",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Git cherry pick",
+        "url": "https://www.atlassian.com/git/tutorials/cherry-pick",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Git-CHERRY-PICK-Tutorial",
+        "url": "https://youtu.be/i657Bg_HAWI?si=3jjn2X8Hi1na--F4",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "7lRUYWNSpHvJ-QyIE8RMa": {
+    "title": "Commit Messages",
+    "description": "A Git commit message is a brief explanation of the changes introduced in a particular commit. It helps others (and your future self) understand the purpose of the changes and the context behind them. Writing clear and informative commit messages is an important practice for maintaining a well-organized and easily navigable project history.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "How to Write Better Git Commit Messages",
+        "url": "https://www.freecodecamp.org/news/how-to-write-better-git-commit-messages/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Writing good commit messages",
+        "url": "https://www.theodinproject.com/lessons/foundations-commit-messages",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How to Write Good Git Commit Messages like a pro",
+        "url": "https://medium.com/front-end-weekly/how-to-write-good-git-commit-messages-like-a-pro-2c12f01569d9",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Write git commit messages like a PRO with Conventional Commits",
+        "url": "https://youtu.be/OJqUWvmf4gg?si=Fgl3isZpP13jYXHP",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How to Make Actually Good Commits in Git",
+        "url": "https://youtu.be/Dy5t_H2PRrk?si=0V-JEbqphpJX5OLl",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "ks1Pip-RM-UWD6zuF2j4n": {
+    "title": "Branch Naming",
+    "description": "A well-defined branch naming convention is essential for maintaining a clean and organized Git workflow. It's recommended to use descriptive and meaningful names that clearly indicate the purpose of each branch. For example, using prefixes like `feature/`, `fix/`, or `docs/` can help identify whether a branch is related to new feature development, bug fixes, or documentation updates. Additionally, including the issue or task ID (e.g., `issue/123`) can provide context and make it easier for team members to find relevant information. By following a consistent naming convention, you can improve collaboration, reduce confusion, and increase the overall efficiency of your Git workflow.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Naming conventions for Git Branches — a Cheatsheet",
+        "url": "https://medium.com/@abhay.pixolo/naming-conventions-for-git-branches-a-cheatsheet-8549feca2534",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Git Branching Naming Convention: Best Practices to Follow",
+        "url": "https://phoenixnap.com/kb/git-branch-name-convention",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "GwDNk2HBjASr_NWIL4G3-": {
+    "title": "PR Guidelines",
+    "description": "Pull Request (PR) guidelines are essential for maintaining a smooth and efficient code review process in collaborative development environments. These guidelines typically outline best practices for creating, formatting, and submitting PRs, ensuring that changes are well-documented, easy to review, and align with the project's standards. They may cover aspects such as PR size, commit message formatting, documentation requirements, and testing expectations. By establishing clear PR guidelines, teams can streamline their workflow, improve code quality, and facilitate effective communication among contributors.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Best practices for pull requests",
+        "url": "https://docs.github.com/en/pull-requests/collaborating-with-pull-requests/getting-started/best-practices-for-pull-requests",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Pull Request Guidelines",
+        "url": "https://opensource.creativecommons.org/contributing-code/pr-guidelines/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "xLB2fhsOm0Vu3xg_PusJB": {
+    "title": "Code Reviews",
+    "description": "The purpose of a code review in software development is to help ensure that the code meets the organization’s standards and requirements, is of high quality, and is maintainable. In addition to identifying errors and bugs, code reviews also promote a culture of learning and collaboration among the development team.\n\nSome of the benefits of code reviews include:\n\n*   Increase code quality by identifying defects in the code and issues such as security vulnerabilities and performance problems—before developers merge the code into an upstream branch.\n*   Ensure compliance with organizational standards, regulations, and the team’s code style.\n*   Save time and money by detecting issues earlier in the software development process before they become more complex and expensive to fix.\n*   Boost collaboration, communication, and knowledge sharing among developers by providing a forum to discuss code and ask questions, share ideas and best practices, and learn from each other.\n*   Ensure that the code is maintainable by identifying any software maintenance issues and suggesting improvements.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "A practical guide for better, faster code reviews",
+        "url": "https://github.com/mawrkus/pull-request-review-guide",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How to improve code with code reviews",
+        "url": "https://github.com/resources/articles/software-development/how-to-improve-code-with-code-reviews",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "pJ-najh7dXhhYA_0bDiR5": {
+    "title": "Contribution Guidelines",
+    "description": "Contribution guidelines are essential for collaborative projects on GitHub as they help streamline collaboration, set expectations for contributions, and maintain the project's quality and consistency.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Setting guidelines for respository contributors",
+        "url": "https://docs.github.com/articles/setting-guidelines-for-repository-contributors",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Contributing Guidelines",
+        "url": "https://github.blog/news-insights/contributing-guidelines/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Contributing Guides: A Template",
+        "url": "https://github.com/nayafia/contributing-template",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How to Build a CONTRIBUTING.md",
+        "url": "https://mozillascience.github.io/working-open-workshop/contributing/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "D2WIExwfSnkAPIa5O-Hp5": {
+    "title": "Documentation",
+    "description": "A well-maintained repository should include documentation that helps others understand the project, its context, and how to contribute to it. This is essential for fostering a community around your project and making it easier for newcomers to join in.\n\nHere are some key sections of documentation that you should consider including in each repository:\n\n*   [README.md](http://README.md): A brief introduction to the project, explaining what it's about, why it exists, and how to get started.\n*   [CONTRIBUTING.md](http://CONTRIBUTING.md): Guidelines on how others can contribute to the project, including steps for reporting issues, submitting pull requests, or suggesting new features.\n*   LICENSE: Information about the license under which the repository is released, ensuring users understand their rights and responsibilities when using your code.\n*   CHANGELOG: A history of changes made to the project over time, highlighting significant updates, bug fixes, or feature additions.\n\nThese documents help ensure a smooth onboarding process for contributors, making it easier for them to collaborate effectively and enhance the overall project.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "How to Manage Documentation in a GitHub Repository: A Guide for Junior Developers",
+        "url": "https://dev.to/mochafreddo/how-to-manage-documentation-in-a-github-repository-a-guide-for-junior-developers-pgo",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "1Ulxl4VUvRSfyCPpi-iv8": {
+    "title": "Markdown",
+    "description": "Markdown is a simple way to add formatting to text without using HTML tags or other complex syntax. It's easy to read and write, making it suitable for documentation, README files, and more. Some basic GitHub Markdown features include:\n\n*   Basic syntax: Use headers (`# Heading`), bold/italic text (**bold**, _italic_), and lists (- item) to format text.\n*   Links: Create links with `[text](url)` or `[text][ref]`.\n*   Images: Embed images with `[![alt-text](image-url)]`.\n\nBy using Markdown, you can easily format text within your GitHub repository, making it easier to read and understand for yourself and others.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Basic writing and formatting syntax",
+        "url": "https://docs.github.com/en/get-started/writing-on-github/getting-started-with-writing-and-formatting-on-github/basic-writing-and-formatting-syntax",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Markdown Cheatsheet",
+        "url": "https://github.com/adam-p/markdown-here/wiki/Markdown-Cheatsheet",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "WIVr7JxO1AJTNObW8mtY3": {
+    "title": "Project Readme",
+    "description": "A GitHub project README is a crucial document that serves as the front page of a repository, providing essential information about the project. It typically includes a brief description of the project's purpose, installation instructions, usage guidelines, and contribution procedures. A well-crafted README helps visitors quickly understand the project's goals, how to get started, and how they can participate. It often contains badges indicating build status, code coverage, and other metrics, as well as links to documentation, issue trackers, and community channels. By effectively communicating the project's value and guiding new users and potential contributors, a good README significantly enhances a project's visibility, adoption, and collaboration potential on GitHub.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "About READMEs",
+        "url": "https://docs.github.com/en/repositories/managing-your-repositorys-settings-and-features/customizing-your-repository/about-readmes",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How to write a good README",
+        "url": "https://bulldogjob.com/readme/how-to-write-a-good-readme-for-your-github-project",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "github-wikis@lONqOqD-4slxa9B5i9ADX.md": {
+    "title": "GitHub Wikis",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "i3AbARgzQtxtlB-1AS8zv": {
+    "title": "Clean Git History",
+    "description": "Cleaning up Git history can make your commit history more readable, concise, and organized. Here are some of the reasons why you'd want to clean your git history:\n\n*   makes it easy to decipher the order of the commits in your repository\n*   It facilitates finding commits that might have introduced bugs and enable rollback if necessary\n*   To be able to deploy any commit on your development branch using your CI/CD system\n*   If you are handling mobile app releases and you are responsible for figuring out what feature is in which release.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Clean GIT history — a Step by Step Guide",
+        "url": "https://medium.com/@catalinaturlea/clean-git-history-a-step-by-step-guide-eefc0ad8696d",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Git best practice tip: clean commit history",
+        "url": "https://youtu.be/bZpiVijzd2g?si=8lJTlR3LfY9ZUd77",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "yMx3LdadPz4g25CL3N8da": {
+    "title": "Working in a Team",
+    "description": "Working in a team on GitHub involves collaborative development using Git's distributed version control system. Team members can work on separate branches, create pull requests for code reviews, and merge changes into the main codebase. GitHub's features like issues, projects, and discussions facilitate communication and project management. Effective teamwork on GitHub requires clear communication, adherence to agreed-upon workflows, and proper use of Git commands to manage code changes and resolve conflicts. This collaborative approach enables teams to work efficiently on complex projects, maintain code quality, and track progress effectively.\n\nGitHub also offers an organization and team management interface, allowing teams to manage projects, members, and collaboration settings.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "RMrxQLhrINO5g4Mhxh5qS": {
+    "title": "GitHub Organizations",
+    "description": "GitHub Organizations are shared accounts that provide centralized management and collaboration for multiple projects and teams. They offer enhanced administrative controls, allowing owners to create teams with specific access permissions, manage member roles, and oversee repositories at scale. Organizations facilitate better project coordination, resource sharing, and team communication, making them ideal for businesses, open-source projects, and large-scale collaborations. With features like team discussions, project boards, and audit logs, GitHub Organizations streamline workflow management and foster a more structured and secure development environment.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "About Organizations",
+        "url": "https://docs.github.com/en/organizations/collaborating-with-groups-in-organizations/about-organizations",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Set up a GitHub Organization",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XowSSIhJFuk",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "_ft-uvXt6s_xrcMT3fbSF": {
+    "title": "Collaborators / Members",
+    "description": "In GitHub, collaborators and members refer to individuals who contribute to or have access to your repository. Collaborators are users who have been granted permission to contribute code, make changes, and push updates to your repository, whereas members are the owners of a repository, including organization owners who have full control over their team's repositories. Members can be either individual collaborators or part of an organization team, with varying levels of access and permissions based on their role within the team.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Inviting collaborators to a personal repository",
+        "url": "https://docs.github.com/en/account-and-profile/setting-up-and-managing-your-personal-account-on-github/managing-access-to-your-personal-repositories/inviting-collaborators-to-a-personal-repository",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "REST API endpoints for collaborators",
+        "url": "https://docs.github.com/en/rest/collaborators/collaborators?apiVersion=2022-11-28",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "wydgCxR5VnieBpRolXt8i": {
+    "title": "Teams within Organization",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "DzFJDdqnSy5GeGHWOpcVo": {
+    "title": "GitHub Projects",
+    "description": "GitHub Projects is a flexible project management tool integrated directly into GitHub repositories. It allows teams to create customizable project boards, track issues and pull requests, and manage workflows using Kanban-style columns or table views. With features like automated workflows, custom fields, and various visualization options, GitHub Projects helps teams organize, prioritize, and track work across multiple repositories. This tool enhances collaboration, increases transparency, and streamlines project management processes, making it easier for developers and stakeholders to stay aligned on project goals and progress.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "About Projects",
+        "url": "https://docs.github.com/en/issues/planning-and-tracking-with-projects/learning-about-projects/about-projects",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How to use Projects Roadmap",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D80u__nYYWw",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "q0zy_hXav5iXw8LpGVJVd": {
+    "title": "Project Planning",
+    "description": "Project planning on GitHub is a comprehensive process that leverages the platform's built-in tools to organize, track, and manage software development projects efficiently. It typically involves using features such as Issues for task tracking, Projects for kanban-style boards, Milestones for grouping related issues and pull requests, and Labels for categorization. These tools, combined with GitHub's collaborative features like pull requests and code reviews, enable teams to create structured workflows, set priorities, assign tasks, and monitor progress throughout the development lifecycle. By centralizing project management within the same platform used for version control, GitHub streamlines communication and enhances productivity for development teams of all sizes.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Project planning for developers",
+        "url": "https://github.com/features/issues",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "GitHub Project Management",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oPQgFxHcjAw",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "RFJgfuxoVxt22QlwLI5mW": {
+    "title": "Kanban Boards",
+    "description": "On GitHub, Kanban boards provide a visual representation of issues as they move through the development process.\n\nA Kanban board typically has columns representing different stages or states, such as \"To-Do\", \"In-Progress\", and \"Done\". Each issue is represented by a card on the board, which can be moved between columns as its state changes. Users can drag and drop issue cards to move them from one column to another, reflecting progress or completion.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Projects - Boards - Changing the layout of a view",
+        "url": "https://docs.github.com/en/issues/planning-and-tracking-with-projects/customizing-views-in-your-project/changing-the-layout-of-a-view",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "GitHub Project Management - Create GitHub Project Board & Automations",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oPQgFxHcjAw",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "sxvT2hGko2PDRBoBrCGWD": {
+    "title": "Roadmaps",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "TNBz5755PhI6iKxTQTqcS": {
+    "title": "Automations",
+    "description": "To add automation to your GitHub project, use built-in workflows that can trigger actions such as setting fields on item changes or archiving items meeting specific criteria, and also configure automatic item addition from repositories based on matching criteria.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Automating your project",
+        "url": "https://docs.github.com/en/issues/planning-and-tracking-with-projects/automating-your-project",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "GitHub Project Management - Create GitHub Project Board & Automations",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oPQgFxHcjAw&t=600s",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "snWQHCQECZyUXHdn6ppIk": {
+    "title": "GitHub Discussions",
+    "description": "GitHub Discussions is a collaborative communication feature within GitHub repositories that provides a dedicated space for community conversations, questions, and knowledge sharing. It allows team members, contributors, and users to engage in threaded discussions, share ideas, ask for help, and make announcements outside of specific code changes or issues. This feature enhances project collaboration by centralizing important conversations, reducing noise in the issue tracker, and fostering a sense of community around open-source projects or team initiatives.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "official GitHub Discussions Docs",
+        "url": "https://docs.github.com/en/discussions",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is GitHub Discussions?",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bErGYN3Ljz8",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "X9K3PBpGsMoXkJsKdJPI7": {
+    "title": "Git Stash Basics",
+    "description": "Git stash allows you to temporarily save your changes, or \"stashes\", when they're not yet ready for commit. This feature is useful when you need to work on multiple tasks, and want to switch between them without committing changes that are not complete. By using `git stash`, you can quickly stash uncommitted changes, reset the working directory to a clean state, and then apply the stashed changes later when they're ready for commit. This helps avoid cluttering the commit history with incomplete work, and allows you to maintain a clean and organized repository by separating your progress on different tasks.\n\nTo apply a stash in Git, you can use the following commands:\n\n*   `git stash apply`: This command applies the topmost stash (the most recent one) by default. It will merge the stashed changes into your current working directory.\n*   `git stash apply <stash_name>`: If you want to specify a particular stash, you can use its name instead of default. For example, if you've stored multiple stashes and want to apply an earlier one, you can use <stash\\_name>.\n*   `git stash pop`: This command is similar to apply, but it also automatically deletes the applied stash from the stash list. If you need more control over which stash to apply, using pop might be a better option.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Git stash",
+        "url": "https://www.atlassian.com/git/tutorials/saving-changes/git-stash",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "A practical guide to using the git stash command",
+        "url": "https://opensource.com/article/21/4/git-stash",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "zen3RRdK9_nPAYgicRoHk": {
+    "title": "History",
+    "description": "The history of a Git repository is a record of all commits made over time, including changes to files, commit messages, and metadata. This history is stored as a series of snapshots, with each commit representing a new version of the codebase.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Git Basics - Viewing the Commit History",
+        "url": "https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Git-Basics-Viewing-the-Commit-History",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "lXC07j6dOa3rQixY1P-Ob": {
+    "title": "Linear vs Non-Linear",
+    "description": "In Git, linear and non-linear history refer to different ways of managing commit history.\n\n*   Linear history: A repository with a linear history has commits that are applied in a single, sequential order.\n*   Non-linear history: A repository with a non-linear history allows multiple branches or lines of development, which can be merged back into the main branch at different points.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Linear vs Non-Linear History",
+        "url": "https://idiv-biodiversity.github.io/git-knowledge-base/linear-vs-nonlinear.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Linear git history - Part I",
+        "url": "https://jun-sheng.medium.com/linear-git-history-part-i-b97184dde252#:~:text=The%20benefit%20of%20having%20a%20linear%20git%20history&text=It%20is%20easier%20to%20understand,bisect%20to%20track%20a%20bug.",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "V8nLIvddyOKTzEjOJX5GW": {
+    "title": "HEAD",
+    "description": "The `HEAD` file is at the core of how Git knows the SHA-1 of the last commit when running commands like `git branch <branch>`. It serves as a symbolic reference, pointing to the current branch. However, in rare cases, HEAD can contain the actual SHA-1 value of a Git object, such as when checking out a tag, commit, or remote branch, which puts your repository in a \"detached HEAD\" state.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Git Internals - Git References - The HEAD",
+        "url": "https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Git-Internals-Git-References#:~:text=want%20to%20create.-,The%20HEAD,-The%20question%20now",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Learn Git Essentials: Head & Detached Head",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HvDjbAa9ZsY",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "0cLf7FiI9CX--UX45sm2f": {
+    "title": "Detached HEAD",
+    "description": "In Git, a detached head occurs when you check out a commit directly using its hash instead of a branch name. This leaves your repository's HEAD pointer pointing directly at that commit, rather than being linked to a specific branch. To view the history and changes made in a detached head, use `git log` or `git show`. If you want to see the differences between the current detached head and another branch, use `git diff <branch>`. A detached head can be a useful temporary state for exploring specific commits or features, but it's essential to merge those changes back into a branch before sharing them with others.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "How to resolve detached HEAD state in Git",
+        "url": "https://graphite.dev/guides/how-to-resolve-detached-head-state-in-git",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Head & Detached Head",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HvDjbAa9ZsY",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "qFEonbCMLri8iA0yONwuf": {
+    "title": "git log options",
+    "description": "`git log` is a command in Git that shows the commit history of your repository. It provides a detailed view of all commits, including their hashes, authors, dates, and messages.\n\nHere are some common git log options:\n\n*   \\-2: Only show the last two commits.\n*   \\--all: Show all branches in the repository.\n*   \\--graph: Display the commit history as a graph.\n*   \\--no-color: Disable colorized output.\n*   \\--stat: Show a statistical summary of changes.\n*   \\*\\*-S\\`: Only show commits with modified files.\n\nYou can combine these options to tailor your log output to suit your needs.\n\nFor example, `git log -2 --graph` will display the last two commits in graph form.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Git Log",
+        "url": "https://git-scm.com/docs/git-log",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Git Log Cheatsheet",
+        "url": "https://elijahmanor.com/blog/git-log",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "0Yi4cryT2v2SGBjouOas3": {
+    "title": "Undoing Changes",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "dLr55Om7IOvI53c1DgTKc": {
+    "title": "git revert",
+    "description": "Git revert is a command that allows you to \"undo\" or revert specific commits in your Git repository. It creates a new commit that reverses the changes made by the specified commit(s), effectively rolling back your code to a previous state.\n\nHere are some key things to know about `git revert`:\n\n*   Reverts changes, not moves HEAD: Unlike `git reset`, which can move your current branch's head to a different point in history, `git revert` creates new commits that reverse the changes made by specific commit(s).\n*   Creates new commits: Each time you use `git revert`, it creates a new commit that undoes the specified change. This means your Git history will still contain all previous commits.\n*   Can be used with multiple commits: If you want to revert multiple commits, simply specify their hashes or references (e.g., branch names) separated by commas.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Git Revert",
+        "url": "https://medium.com/@meghasharmaa704/git-revert-84727b543c17",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Git Revert - Visualised",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XJqQPNudPSY",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "igrR7LguU1jemg_mf_AD6": {
+    "title": "git reset",
+    "description": "Git reset is a command that allows you to \"undo\" or reset your current branch to a previous state by moving its HEAD pointer, effectively discarding changes made since then. When using git reset, it's essential to specify one of the three modes: soft, hard, or mixed. The mode you choose will determine how Git interacts with files in your working directory and staging area.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Git reset",
+        "url": "https://www.atlassian.com/git/tutorials/undoing-changes/git-reset",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Git Reset | How to Use Git Reset | Learn Git",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s1idhUiCk38",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "Uc7FyfAKpDFRGRNHwztFo": {
+    "title": "--soft",
+    "description": "In this mode, only the HEAD pointer is moved to the specified commit. The files in your working directory are not modified, but they remain as they were when you started the reset.",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "--soft documentation",
+        "url": "https://git-scm.com/docs/git-reset#Documentation/git-reset.txt---hard",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "V_joZNpQsS9G9PI-o-GmC": {
+    "title": "--hard",
+    "description": "With this option, both the HEAD pointer and the working directory's contents are updated to match the specified commit. Any changes made since then will be lost.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "--hard documentation",
+        "url": "https://git-scm.com/docs/git-reset#Documentation/git-reset.txt---hard",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "qis7Z5VRxMcOmbesQlegZ": {
+    "title": "--mixed",
+    "description": "When using mixed mode, the HEAD pointer is moved to the specified commit. However, files in your working directory remain as they were before the reset. The staging area (index) is updated to match the specified commit.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "--mixed documentation",
+        "url": "https://git-scm.com/docs/git-reset#Documentation/git-reset.txt---hard",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "-0zQvCHG8jS_ghSjmTeIx": {
+    "title": "Viewing Diffs",
+    "description": "Viewing diffs in Git is crucial for understanding the changes made to your code. This is especially important when collaborating with others or reviewing your own work over time. Diffs show you exactly what lines have been added, modified, or removed between different versions of your files. This feature helps in code review processes, troubleshooting issues, and maintaining a clear history of your project's evolution. Git provides various commands and tools to view these differences, making it easier to track and manage changes effectively.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "Rwpeltygwzcf6hnuZNURE": {
+    "title": "Between Commits",
+    "description": "To compare two specific commits in your Git history, use git diff followed by the hashes of the commits. This will show you the changes made between those two points, including added, modified, and deleted lines.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Comparing changes with Git diff",
+        "url": "https://refine.dev/blog/git-diff-command/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Git Diff 2 Different Commits, Tags or Branches",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uq5VWPDCtFo",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "O-zoAWkDvyn7B8_TmY257": {
+    "title": "Between Branches",
+    "description": "When comparing the differences between two branches, such as a feature branch and its upstream parent branch, use `git diff <branch1>..<branch2>`. This command displays the changes made on the feature branch relative to the parent branch. It's useful for reviewing the impact of new features or changes before merging them into your mainline.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "How to compare branches in Git diff",
+        "url": "https://scribehow.com/shared/How_to_Compare_Branches_in_GitHub__xsotezV-S1O-GL0PquqJwQ",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How can I see the differences between two branches?",
+        "url": "https://stackoverflow.com/questions/9834689/how-can-i-see-the-differences-between-two-branches",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "mzjtCdpke1ayHcEuS-YUS": {
+    "title": "Staged Changes",
+    "description": "To view the changes you've staged with `git add`, but not yet committed, use `git diff --cached`. This command compares the staged files against their original versions in the repository. It's a quick way to review what you're about to commit before finalizing it.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "uxqJzQFRcALqatNRIWR0w": {
+    "title": "Unstaged Changes",
+    "description": "For changes that are not yet staged with `git add`, such as untracked new files or modified existing ones, use `git diff --unified`. This command compares your working directory against the latest committed version of each file. It's a useful tool for reviewing any local modifications before deciding whether to stage them for future commits.",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What are unstaged changes in GitHub?",
+        "url": "https://stackoverflow.com/questions/10954329/whats-the-unstaged-changes-in-github",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How to unstage files in Git",
+        "url": "https://www.git-tower.com/learn/git/faq/git-unstage",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "sOoC-XxEoIvwKct00oKlX": {
+    "title": "Rewriting History",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "NjPnEXLf1Lt9qzgxccogv": {
+    "title": "git commit --amend",
+    "description": "`git commit --amend` is a command used to modify the most recent commit in your repository's history by updating its message, adding or removing files, or changing the commit's metadata. This allows you to correct mistakes or improve the commit's description after it has been made. When using --amend, Git will replace the existing commit with a new one that includes any changes made since the last commit, effectively \"amending\" the previous commit.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Changing a commit message",
+        "url": "https://docs.github.com/en/enterprise-cloud@latest/pull-requests/committing-changes-to-your-project/creating-and-editing-commits/changing-a-commit-message",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Rewriting history",
+        "url": "https://www.atlassian.com/git/tutorials/rewriting-history",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Git Amend Tutorial: Rewrite Git History",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q53umU5vMkk",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "HMEfUFNu_Wp_Pac7VWHr-": {
+    "title": "git rebase",
+    "description": "Git rebase is a powerful command in Git that allows you to integrate changes from one branch into another. Unlike git merge, which creates a new commit to combine the histories of two branches, git rebase moves or applies commits from one branch on top of another, effectively re-writing the commit history.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Git - git-rebase Documentation",
+        "url": "https://git-scm.com/docs/git-rebase",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "git rebase ",
+        "url": "https://www.atlassian.com/git/tutorials/rewriting-history/git-rebase",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "git rebase - Why, When & How to fix conflicts",
+        "url": "https://youtu.be/DkWDHzmMvyg?si=59jauQgkL-sMewzo",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Git Rebase --interactive: EXPLAINED",
+        "url": "https://youtu.be/H7RFt0Pxxp8?si=gLhfkVW_PmWHBQSs",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "BKVA6Q7DXemAYjyQOA0nh": {
+    "title": "git filter-branch",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "OQOmxg9mCfcjt80hpvXkA": {
+    "title": "git push --force",
+    "description": "`git push --force` is a command that allows you to overwrite or \"force\" an existing commit on a remote repository with a new commit from your local repository. This can be useful in certain situations, such as when you need to update the remote branch with changes that were previously rejected or when you want to remove commits that are no longer relevant. However, it's essential to exercise caution when using git push --force because it can overwrite changes made by others or even your own previous work. Always verify that there are no conflicting changes on the remote repository before using this command.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Git Push Force",
+        "url": "https://www.gitkraken.com/learn/git/problems/git-push-force",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How to force push to GitHub?",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wgXbfLn-zkI",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "iFJBF-EEnLjQVsFSXjo_i": {
+    "title": "Tagging",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "NeU38WPbEphJuJ_AMkH82": {
+    "title": "Managing Tags",
+    "description": "In Git, a tag is a named reference to a specific commit in the project's history.\n\n*   Creating tags: Use `git tag [name] [commit-hash]` to create a new tag. You can also use `git tag -a [name] -m \"[message]\" [commit-hash]` for annotated tags.\n*   Listing tags: Run `git tag` to display all existing tags.\n*   Deleting tags: Remove an existing tag with `git tag -d [tag-name]`.\n\nTags can be used for marking releases, milestones, or other significant events in a project's history.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Git Basics - Tagging",
+        "url": "https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Git-Basics-Tagging",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Git — Use Tags for Versioning and Release Management",
+        "url": "https://medium.com/@KeyurRamoliya/git-use-tags-for-versioning-and-release-management-09aca9631eee",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "E3HAGNM-kXLL4Oci5JzpQ": {
+    "title": "Pushing Tags",
+    "description": "Pushing tags in Git is the process of sharing your local tags with a remote repository. Tags in Git are used to mark specific points in the repository's history, typically to signify a release or a milestone.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Tagging in git",
+        "url": "https://git-scm.com/book/en/Git-Basics-Tagging",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How to Push Git Tags to Remote",
+        "url": "https://kodekloud.com/blog/how-to-push-git-tags-to-remote/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Git Push Tag to Remote Guide",
+        "url": "https://phoenixnap.com/kb/git-push-tag",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "62E1tDMXB6K74OEN0WsS0": {
+    "title": "Checkout Tags",
+    "description": "Tags in Git are typically used to mark specific points in history, such as a release version. Checking out a tag means switching your working directory to the state of the repository at the point in time when that tag was created.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "How To Checkout Git Tags",
+        "url": "https://devconnected.com/how-to-checkout-git-tags/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is git tag, How to create tags & How to checkout git remote tag(s)",
+        "url": "https://stackoverflow.com/questions/35979642/what-is-git-tag-how-to-create-tags-how-to-checkout-git-remote-tags",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Git Tag Tutorial | Create, Checkout, and Delete Git Tags | Learn Git",
+        "url": "https://youtu.be/spkUevg1NqM?si=UXRwJEOI6bpN30nM",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "YmnTrjJtqHPXbEVrP8vd7": {
+    "title": "GitHub Releases",
+    "description": "GitHub Releases is a feature that allows developers to package and distribute software versions to users. It provides a way to create tagged points in a repository's history, attach binary files (such as compiled executables or packaged code), and include release notes. This feature makes it easy to track and manage different versions of a project, share pre-compiled binaries with users who may not want to build from source, and communicate changes and updates to the community. GitHub Releases integrates seamlessly with Git tags and can be automated as part of a continuous integration and deployment pipeline.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "About Releases",
+        "url": "https://docs.github.com/en/repositories/releasing-projects-on-github/about-releases",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "REST API endpoints for releases",
+        "url": "https://docs.github.com/en/rest/releases/releases?apiVersion=2022-11-28",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "pqBV7BMAs0z6qpfZeW2XP": {
+    "title": "Git hooks",
+    "description": "Git hooks are scripts that run automatically at specific points during the Git workflow, such as when you commit, push, or pull changes from a repository. These scripts can be used to perform various tasks, like validating code, formatting files, or even sending notifications.\n\nThere are two types of Git hooks:\n\n*   Client-side hooks: Run on your local machine before committing changes.\n*   Server-side hooks: Run on the remote server when you push changes.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Customizing Git - Git Hooks",
+        "url": "https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Customizing-Git-Git-Hooks",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Git hooks",
+        "url": "https://www.atlassian.com/git/tutorials/git-hooks",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What are GitHooks? Explained in 5 minutes",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1OFiiPretCM",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "v7uabKuMQPOD_hBIaHOVT": {
+    "title": "What and Why?",
+    "description": "Git hooks are customizable scripts that Git executes automatically before or after specific events, such as committing, pushing, or merging. These hooks allow developers to automate tasks, enforce coding standards, run tests, or perform other actions at crucial points in the Git workflow. By leveraging git hooks, teams can enhance their development process, maintain code quality, and ensure consistency across projects. Hooks can be implemented locally or shared among team members, providing a powerful mechanism for streamlining workflows and enforcing best practices throughout the development lifecycle.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Git Hooks",
+        "url": "https://www.atlassian.com/git/tutorials/git-hooks",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What are Git Hooks?",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1OFiiPretCM",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "zsU6R2zvJKnYNU2ac4o4p": {
+    "title": "Client vs Server Hooks",
+    "description": "Like many other Version Control Systems, Git has a way to fire off custom scripts when certain important actions occur. There are two groups of these hooks: client-side and server-side. Client-side hooks are triggered by operations such as committing and merging, while server-side hooks run on network operations such as receiving pushed commits.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Git Hooks",
+        "url": "https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Customizing-Git-Git-Hooks#:~:text=There%20are%20two%20groups%20of,for%20all%20sorts%20of%20reasons.",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Git Hooks: The Powerful Tool You're Probably Not Using",
+        "url": "https://dev.to/algodame/git-hooks-the-powerful-tool-youre-probably-not-using-but-should-be-1lec",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Client vs Server Hooks",
+        "url": "https://youtu.be/egfuwOe8nXc?si=IkbLCr-3eGE9x6cY",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "jzYjHx-gIKSP8dQUTqWVw": {
+    "title": "commit-msg",
+    "description": "The commit-msg hook is a client-side hook that runs after you've committed changes to your repository. It's typically used to validate or modify the commit message before it's recorded in the Git history.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "A Git-Hook for Commit Messages Validation - No Husky, Just JS",
+        "url": "https://dev.to/mbarzeev/a-git-hook-for-commit-messages-validation-no-husky-just-js-1hni",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Git Hooks Made Easy: Create a Custom 'commit-msg' Hook Script",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yH1lBm5t97s",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "SANEQI2rgOtsMQyn4qUCq": {
+    "title": "post-checkout",
+    "description": "Git post-checkout hooks are scripts that run automatically after a successful `git checkout` operation. These hooks provide a way to customize Git's behavior and perform specific actions when switching branches or updating the working directory. Post-checkout hooks can be used for tasks such as updating dependencies, regenerating files, or adjusting project settings based on the newly checked-out branch. They offer developers a powerful tool to automate workflows and maintain consistency across different branches in a Git repository.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Post-checkout hooks",
+        "url": "https://git-scm.com/docs/githooks#_post_checkout",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "buxb5TpzQ-xxn0vqtGdS3": {
+    "title": "post-update",
+    "description": "Git post-update hooks are scripts that run automatically after a successful push to a repository. These hooks are executed on the remote repository and are typically used for server-side tasks such as updating other services, triggering continuous integration processes, or notifying team members about changes. Post-update hooks provide a powerful mechanism for automating workflows and maintaining consistency across different parts of a project's infrastructure, making them an essential tool for streamlining development processes and enhancing collaboration in Git-based projects.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Post-update hooks",
+        "url": "https://git-scm.com/docs/githooks#post-update",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "HhpAIzYMlMiQ9msrYZyDB": {
+    "title": "pre-commit",
+    "description": "Git pre-commit hooks are scripts that run automatically before a commit is created, allowing developers to enforce code quality standards and catch issues early in the development process. These hooks can perform tasks such as linting, formatting, running tests, or checking for sensitive information, ensuring that only clean and compliant code is committed to the repository. By intercepting the commit process, pre-commit hooks help maintain code consistency, reduce errors, and streamline the overall development workflow, making them a valuable tool for enforcing best practices and improving code quality across a project.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "pre-commit/pre-commit",
+        "url": "https://github.com/pre-commit/pre-commit",
+        "type": "opensource"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Git Hooks",
+        "url": "https://www.atlassian.com/git/tutorials/git-hooks",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "j5kWEUKwBFg5EMm8-61K9": {
+    "title": "pre-push",
+    "description": "Git pre-push hooks are scripts that run automatically before a push operation is executed, providing a final checkpoint to validate changes before they are shared with a remote repository. These hooks allow developers to perform last-minute checks, such as running tests, linting code, or verifying commit messages, to ensure that only high-quality and compliant code is pushed. By intercepting the push process, pre-push hooks help maintain code integrity, prevent accidental pushes of incomplete or broken code, and enforce project-specific rules, making them a valuable tool for maintaining code quality and consistency across distributed development teams.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "pre-push hooks",
+        "url": "https://dev.to/jameson/pre-push-hooks-42g5",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Detect secrets with a pre-commit git hook",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8bDKn3y7Br4",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "fjAFNjNNbPOzme9Uk_fDV": {
+    "title": "Submodules",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "x4bnsPVTiX2xOCSyrgWpF": {
+    "title": "Adding / Updating",
+    "description": "To add a submodule to a repository, use `git submodule add https://github.com/user/submodule-repo.git`, which is the typical format for specifying the URL of the submodule repository. This creates a new folder for the submodule and checks it out at the specified revision. To update an existing submodule to its latest commit, run `git submodule update`. If you want to pull in changes from upstream while keeping your submodule's history intact, use `git submodule sync` followed by `git submodule update`.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Git submodules",
+        "url": "https://www.atlassian.com/git/tutorials/git-submodule",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Working with submodules",
+        "url": "https://github.blog/open-source/git/working-with-submodules/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "d0-u_-_vtPK8tnUpnj_NB": {
+    "title": "What and Why use?",
+    "description": "Git submodules are a feature that allows you to include one Git repository within another. They are useful for managing external dependencies or shared components across projects.\n\nKey points:\n\n1.  Separate repositories with independent histories\n2.  Parent repository tracks specific submodule commits\n3.  Enables code reuse and modular project structure\n4.  Helps manage dependencies and keep main repository focused\n5.  Facilitates collaboration on complex projects\n\nBenefits:\n\n*   Including third-party libraries\n*   Sharing common code\n*   Managing multi-component projects\n*   Keeping main repository lightweight\n\nNote: While powerful, submodules can add complexity to your workflow, so careful consideration is needed before implementation.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Git Submodules: Core Concept, Workflows, and Tips",
+        "url": "https://www.atlassian.com/git/tutorials/git-submodule",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Git Submodules Tutorial",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gSlXo2iLBro",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "h9cf_dh_pwjialOXOlNW-": {
+    "title": "GitHub CLI",
+    "description": "GitHub CLI is a command-line interface tool that brings GitHub functionality to your terminal. It allows developers to interact with GitHub directly from the command line, enabling them to manage repositories, create issues, pull requests, and perform various GitHub operations without leaving their terminal environment. This powerful tool streamlines workflows, enhances productivity, and provides a seamless integration between local development and GitHub's collaborative features, making it easier for developers to incorporate GitHub into their daily coding routines.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "official GitHub CLI Docs",
+        "url": "https://cli.github.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is the GitHub CLI?",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uy_PEGgUF4U",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "vHfpoVbOW0DHNtiy0VN4X": {
+    "title": "Installation and Setup",
+    "description": "The GitHub CLI can be installed on Windows, macOS, and Linux operating systems. Installation options include downloading binaries directly from the release page or using package managers (such as homebrew, pip, etc).\n\nOnce installed, setting up the GitHub CLI typically involves authenticating with your GitHub account by running `gh auth login` in your terminal. This step is essential for linking your GitHub credentials to the CLI, allowing you to interact with your repositories and perform various actions.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "GitHub CLI - Installation",
+        "url": "https://github.com/cli/cli?tab=readme-ov-file#installation",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "GitHub CLI - Release",
+        "url": "https://github.com/cli/cli/releases/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "GitHub CLI quickstart",
+        "url": "https://docs.github.com/en/github-cli/github-cli/quickstart",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "lw4zHuhtxIO4kDvbyiVfq": {
+    "title": "Repository management",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "kGnZifvXbHBf5zXIsfAQw": {
+    "title": "Issue Management",
+    "description": "The GitHub CLI provides a range of features for managing issues within your repository. Here are some key actions you can perform:\n\n*   Listing issues: Run `gh issue list` to view a list of all open and closed issues.\n*   Creating issues: Use `gh issue create --title \"Issue Title\" --body \"Issue body\"` to create a new issue with the specified title and body.\n*   Assigning issues: Run `gh issue assign <issue-number> <username>` to assign an issue to a specific user.\n*   Labelling issues: Use `gh issue label <issue-number> <label-name>` to add a label to an existing issue.\n*   Closing issues: Run `gh issue close <issue-number>` to mark an issue as closed.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "gh issue",
+        "url": "https://cli.github.com/manual/gh_issue",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Manage GitHub Issues From The Command Line Using GitHub CLI",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nuCQiP41jU0",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "s3MzDYFPMASqiS8UnvWzW": {
+    "title": "Pull Requests",
+    "description": "A pull request is a proposal to merge a set of changes from one branch into another. In a pull request, collaborators can review and discuss the proposed set of changes before they integrate the changes into the main codebase. Pull requests display the differences, or diffs, between the content in the source branch and the content in the target branch.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Creating a pull request",
+        "url": "https://docs.github.com/articles/creating-a-pull-request",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Pull Requests",
+        "url": "https://www.atlassian.com/git/tutorials/making-a-pull-request#:~:text=In%20their%20simplest%20form%2C%20pull,request%20via%20their%20Bitbucket%20account.",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "GitHub Pull Request in 100 Seconds ",
+        "url": "https://youtu.be/8lGpZkjnkt4?si=qbCQ8Uvzn9GN2koL",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "AmetdCURXXob5TUsikAab": {
+    "title": "GitHub Actions",
+    "description": "GitHub Actions is a very useful tool for automation, allowing developers to automate tasks within the software development lifecycle directly on GitHub.\n\nOne of the best ways to learn about GitHub Actions is through the course offered by Microsoft Learn. This course is well-structured and provides practical examples that are concise and easy to understand.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Microsoft Learn: Introduction to GitHub Actions",
+        "url": "https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/collections/n5p4a5z7keznp5",
+        "type": "course"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "YouTube: GitHub Actions Playlist",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-hVG9z0fCac&list=PLArH6NjfKsUhvGHrpag7SuPumMzQRhUKY&pp=iAQB",
+        "type": "course"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "p6rq3lQ9YRrTqwcc31O23": {
+    "title": "YAML Syntax",
+    "description": "YAML (YAML Ain't Markup Language) is a human-readable data serialization standard for all programming languages. It is designed to be easily readable by humans while also being machine-parsable. Key features of YAML include:\n\n1.  Simplicity: YAML uses a minimalist syntax with significant whitespace and indentation.\n    \n2.  Versatility: It can represent various data types, including scalars, lists, and associative arrays.\n    \n3.  Readability: Its clear, concise format makes it easy for both humans and machines to understand.\n    \n4.  Language-independent: YAML can be used with any programming language that has a YAML parser.\n    \n\nYAML is commonly used for:\n\n*   Configuration files: Many applications and tools use YAML for their configuration settings.\n*   Data exchange: It serves as a lightweight alternative to XML or JSON for data transfer between systems.\n*   Data storage: YAML can be used to store structured data in a human-readable format.\n*   DevOps and CI/CD: It's widely used in tools like Docker, Kubernetes, and various CI/CD platforms for defining workflows and configurations.\n\nUnderstanding YAML syntax is crucial for working with modern development tools, especially in the realms of DevOps, cloud computing, and containerization.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is YAML?",
+        "url": "https://circleci.com/blog/what-is-yaml-a-beginner-s-guide/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "YAML Tutorial : A Complete Language Guide with Examples",
+        "url": "https://spacelift.io/blog/yaml",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "55uHPFNwYPVZx8Cy3c985": {
+    "title": "Workflow Triggers",
+    "description": "Workflow triggers are events that initiate a GitHub Actions workflow. They can be scheduled, triggered by code changes, or manually initiated. This allows for automation of tasks based on specific conditions.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "GitHub Actions Documentation",
+        "url": "https://docs.github.com/en/actions",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "GitHub Actions Triggers",
+        "url": "https://docs.github.com/en/actions/reference/events-that-trigger-workflows",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "uS1H9KoKGNONvETCuFBbz": {
+    "title": "Scheduled Worfklows",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "6QwlY3dEvjfAOPALcWKXQ": {
+    "title": "Workflow Runners",
+    "description": "Workflow runners are the environments where GitHub Actions workflows are executed. They are hosted on GitHub-hosted virtual machines (GHVMs) or self-hosted runners. Each runner has a specific configuration and capabilities, depending on its type.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "GitHub Actions Runners",
+        "url": "https://docs.github.com/en/actions/hosting-your-own-runners/about-self-hosted-runners",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "GitHub Actions Self-hosted runners",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aLHyPZO0Fy0",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "BnPiTu1Jw2kIW560a2A5T": {
+    "title": "Workflow Context",
+    "description": "Workflow context in GitHub Actions refers to the environment and variables that are available to a workflow. It includes information about the workflow's execution, such as the event that triggered it, the repository, and the workflow itself.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "GitHub Actions Contexts",
+        "url": "https://docs.github.com/en/actions/writing-workflows/choosing-what-your-workflow-does/contexts",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Working with contexts in GitHub Actions",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=16WT_r0zjYE",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "aflP7oWsQzAr4YPo2LLiQ": {
+    "title": "Secrets and Env Vars",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "HMNhzzV6ApTKj4I_FOmUB": {
+    "title": "Caching Dependencies",
+    "description": "GitHub Actions provides a caching feature that allows you to store and reuse dependencies between workflows, reducing the time it takes to run your actions. By caching dependencies, you can:\n\n*   Reuse compiled code\n*   Store database connections\n*   Reduce network traffic\n\nIt is highly recommended to not store any sensitive information in the cache. For example, sensitive information can include access tokens or login credentials stored in a file in the cache path.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Caching dependencies to speed up workflows",
+        "url": "https://docs.github.com/en/actions/writing-workflows/choosing-what-your-workflow-does/caching-dependencies-to-speed-up-workflows",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Cache Management with GitHub actions",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7PVUjRXUY0o",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "alysXC4b1hGi9ZdQ5-40y": {
+    "title": "Storing Artifacts",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "jc4R1zhd1YeCEbVuxwJWy": {
+    "title": "Workflow Status",
+    "description": "Workflow status in GitHub Actions refers to the current state of a workflow run. It can be one of the following:\n\n*   Pending: The workflow is waiting for an event to trigger it.\n*   In Progress: The workflow is currently running.\n*   Completed: The workflow has finished running.\n*   Failed: The workflow has failed due to an error.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Adding a workflow status badge to your repository",
+        "url": "https://docs.github.com/en/actions/monitoring-and-troubleshooting-workflows/monitoring-workflows/adding-a-workflow-status-badge",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "SsogoCgJIbeTD6tk8UhTe": {
+    "title": "Marketplace Actions",
+    "description": "The GitHub Marketplace offers a wide range of pre-built actions that can be used to automate tasks and workflows within your repository.\n\n*   Automate tasks: Use marketplace actions to automate tasks such as testing, deployment, or security.\n*   Customize workflows: Create custom workflows using marketplace actions to tailor the build process to specific needs.\n*   Streamline development: By automating repetitive tasks, developers can focus on code quality and collaboration.\n\nThese actions are created by the GitHub community and can be easily added to your workflow to enhance productivity and efficiency.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "GitHub MarketPlace - Actions",
+        "url": "https://github.com/marketplace?type=actions",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "PUnYNBrAZWoZiopjtNgnA": {
+    "title": "Usecases",
+    "description": "GitHub Actions offer a wide range of automation possibilities for your development workflow. Here are some common use cases:\n\n1.  Continuous Integration (CI): Automatically build and test your code on every push or pull request.\n2.  Continuous Deployment (CD): Automatically deploy your application to various environments after successful builds.\n3.  Code Quality Checks: Run linters, formatters, and other code quality tools automatically.\n4.  Dependency Updates: Automatically create pull requests for outdated dependencies.\n5.  Issue and PR Management: Automatically label, assign, or close issues and pull requests based on certain conditions.\n6.  Scheduled Tasks: Run periodic maintenance tasks, backups, or data processing jobs.\n7.  Security Scanning: Perform automated security checks on your codebase and dependencies.\n8.  Documentation Generation: Automatically generate and publish documentation for your project.\n9.  Cross-platform Testing: Test your code on multiple operating systems and environments simultaneously.\n10.  Release Management: Automate the creation of release notes and asset uploads for new versions.\n\nThese use cases demonstrate how GitHub Actions can streamline your development process, improve code quality, and increase productivity.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "GitHub Actions Documentation",
+        "url": "https://docs.github.com/en/actions",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How GitHub Actions 10x my productivity",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yfBtjLxn_6k",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "Ni3HKVLanFvSrJ3u8i5I1": {
+    "title": "What are these?",
+    "description": "GitHub Actions is a powerful automation and continuous integration/continuous deployment (CI/CD) platform provided by GitHub. It allows developers to create custom workflows that automatically build, test, and deploy their code directly from their GitHub repositories. These workflows are triggered by specific events, such as push requests, pull requests, or scheduled tasks. GitHub Actions enables teams to streamline their development processes, improve code quality, and accelerate software delivery by automating repetitive tasks and integrating various tools and services seamlessly within their development pipeline.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Understanding GitHub Actions",
+        "url": "https://docs.github.com/en/actions/learn-github-actions/understanding-github-actions",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "GitHub Actions Tutorial - Basic Concepts and CI/CD Pipeline with Docker",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R8_veQiYBjI",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "Y0EWgPsS4kZxH3y53jNxY": {
+    "title": "Use in Automation",
+    "description": "GitHub CLI is a powerful tool for automating GitHub-related tasks directly from the command line. It enables developers to streamline workflows and integrate GitHub processes into scripts and automated systems.\n\nKey uses in automation:\n\n1.  CI/CD: Automate PR creation, review, merging, and release management\n2.  Issue and Project Management: Create, update, and close issues; manage project boards\n3.  Repository Management: Clone repos, create forks, manage settings and collaborators\n4.  GitHub Actions Integration: Trigger and monitor workflows, manage secrets\n5.  Scripting and Batch Operations: Perform bulk actions across multiple repositories\n\nTo use GitHub CLI in automation:\n\n1.  Install GitHub CLI\n2.  Authenticate with your GitHub account\n3.  Learn basic commands and syntax\n4.  Integrate CLI commands into scripts or automation tools\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "GitHub CLI documentation",
+        "url": "https://cli.github.com/manual/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Automating your workflow with GitHub CLI",
+        "url": "https://github.blog/2021-03-11-scripting-with-github-cli/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "sFf1PdFfmEdQxsEntfeFq": {
+    "title": "Git Patch",
+    "description": "In Git, a patch is a file that contains a set of changes made to a project's codebase. It's essentially a diff (difference) file that shows the modifications between two versions of a commit or a branch. However, despite its usefulness in certain contexts, the use of Git patches has declined somewhat with the advent of more modern and efficient ways to manage code changes.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Git Patch",
+        "url": "https://www.gitkraken.com/learn/git/git-patch",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How to generate and apply patches with git?",
+        "url": "https://gist.github.com/nepsilon/22bc62a23f785716705c",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "hru0sL1-D4bJSQI1efEyU": {
+    "title": "Git Reflog",
+    "description": "Git reflog is a powerful tool in Git that keeps a record of all the changes made to the branches and commits in your repository, including actions that are not part of the regular commit history, such as resetting branches or checking out commits. It's particularly useful for recovering lost commits or understanding the history of changes in your repository, even if those changes are not reflected in the normal commit history.Reflog stands for \"reference log.\" It records when the tip of branches or other references (like HEAD) is updated in your repository.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Git - git-reflog Documentation",
+        "url": "https://git-scm.com/docs/git-reflog",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is the Git Reflog? | Learn Version Control with Git",
+        "url": "https://www.git-tower.com/learn/git/faq/what-is-git-reflog",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Learn Git Essentials 12: Git Reflog",
+        "url": "https://youtu.be/RVu8lpS7JFY?si=eNGBpsYfHtlyPClj",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Git Reflog Command. Get all log details of the reference using git reflog show command",
+        "url": "https://youtu.be/I4f4pddD16g?si=0Ny7xOJgiPgdfuh6",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "ExXuwTQSI_lg4SRGW3Iu1": {
+    "title": "Git Bisect",
+    "description": "Git Bisect is an interactive tool used to identify which commit in your project's history introduced a bug or regression. You start by identifying two commits: one where the issue isn't present (the \"good\" commit) and another where it is (the \"bad\" commit). Then, run `git bisect start`, followed by `git bisect good` for the good commit and `git bisect bad` for the bad commit. Git Bisect will guide you through a binary search process, asking you to test the midpoint of your current range until it identifies the exact commit that introduced the bug or regression.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Git Bisect",
+        "url": "https://git-scm.com/docs/git-bisect",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Using git bisect to find the faulty commit",
+        "url": "https://dev.to/alvesjessica/using-git-bisect-to-find-the-faulty-commit-25gf",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Git Bisect | How to use Git Bisect | Learn Git",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z-AkSXDqodc",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "4dxVN81rXWn6VZqK99yq0": {
+    "title": "Git Worktree",
+    "description": "A Git worktree allows you to create multiple working directories for a single repository, each with its own checkout and index. Unlike a regular checkout, which creates a new working directory for a specific branch and updates your IDE's configuration settings, a Git worktree does not require you to switch between branches using git checkout. This means you can have multiple branches checked out at the same time without affecting each other or requiring changes to your IDE configurations. By creating a separate worktree for each branch, you can stage changes independently and maintain distinct working directories without impacting the main repository or its working directory.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Git Worktree",
+        "url": "https://www.gitkraken.com/learn/git/git-worktree",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Manage Branches easily using Git Worktree",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cRunWRC8ye0",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "CGj_UX5JMOOCKinedsNRc": {
+    "title": "Git Attributes",
+    "description": "Git attributes are settings stored in the .gitattributes file, controlling how Git handles files in your repository. They can influence filtering (e.g., ignoring specific files), conversion (formatting or transforming files during Git operations), and formatting (applying consistent styles). These settings can be applied to specific file types (like \\*.txt) or filter files based on content patterns. Attributes also define smudge patterns (highlighting differences) and ignore patterns, helping maintain a clean repository by automatically applying intended settings for certain file types.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "gitattributes/gitattributes",
+        "url": "https://github.com/gitattributes/gitattributes",
+        "type": "opensource"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Customizing Git - Git Attributes",
+        "url": "https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Customizing-Git-Git-Attributes",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "The benefits of git attributes and how to set them up",
+        "url": "https://medium.com/@cloudwala/the-benefits-of-git-attributes-and-how-to-set-them-up-87f90251b8e0",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "zdunaucVe8J1tKf_z-NQo": {
+    "title": "Git LFS",
+    "description": "Git Large File Storage (LFS) is an extension that helps manage large files by tracking metadata, not storing entire files. It allows storing and tracking binary assets like images, videos, audio files separately from your regular Git repository. By storing only metadata in your Git repository, you improve clone and push times, reducing storage usage. This approach is particularly useful for media repositories, large dataset storage, and binary asset management in game development. Note that Git LFS requires a separate server or storage system to store actual file content.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Learning About Git Large File System (LFS)",
+        "url": "https://medium.com/swlh/learning-about-git-large-file-system-lfs-72e0c86cfbaf",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Git LFS (Large File Storage) | Learn Git",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jXsvFfksvd0",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "NV2HAXLEN7tskfgyFrbaf": {
+    "title": "GitHub API",
+    "description": "The GitHub API is a powerful tool that allows developers to interact with the GitHub platform programmatically. It provides access to various GitHub features, such as user data, repository information, and commit history, through both REST and GraphQL interfaces. The API supports authentication, implements rate limiting, and offers webhooks for real-time notifications, enabling developers to automate tasks, create custom integrations, and build applications that leverage GitHub's functionality.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "official API Docs",
+        "url": "https://docs.github.com/en/rest?apiVersion=2022-11-28",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Getting started",
+        "url": "https://docs.github.com/en/rest/using-the-rest-api/getting-started-with-the-rest-api?apiVersion=2022-11-28",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "lSCnKhmRr6xrKVYxO8idD": {
+    "title": "REST API",
+    "description": "The GitHub REST API is a set of APIs that provide access to various GitHub features, such as user data, repository information, and commit history. It allows developers to interact with the GitHub platform programmatically.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "GitHub REST API documentation",
+        "url": "https://docs.github.com/en/rest?apiVersion=2022-11-28",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Quickstart for GitHub REST API",
+        "url": "https://docs.github.com/en/rest/quickstart?apiVersion=2022-11-28",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "[Tutorial] - How to use GitHub REST API for Beginners",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OvfLavRD1Os",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "KlXPt-K6br8PtpLgELaCj": {
+    "title": "GraphQL API",
+    "description": "The GitHub GraphQL API is a set of APIs that provides access to various GitHub features, such as user data, repository information, and commit history. It allows developers to interact with the GitHub platform programmatically using GraphQL queries.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "GitHub GraphQL API documentation",
+        "url": "https://docs.github.com/en/graphql",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Forming calls with GraphQL",
+        "url": "https://docs.github.com/en/graphql/guides/forming-calls-with-graphql",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "5Oax1p7zIZ9HD2hmENPof": {
+    "title": "Creating Apps",
+    "description": "GitHub Apps are a way to integrate with the GitHub platform programmatically, using either the REST API or GraphQL API. They allow developers to create custom integrations that can automate tasks, provide real-time notifications, and build custom workflows.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Creating GitHub Apps",
+        "url": "https://docs.github.com/en/apps/creating-github-apps",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "560GJXFTt7DPdJjKtSDOo": {
+    "title": "GitHub Apps",
+    "description": "A GitHub App is a way to integrate with the GitHub platform programmatically, using either the REST API or GraphQL API. It allows developers to create custom integrations that can automate tasks, provide real-time notifications, and build custom workflows.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "GitHub Apps Documentation",
+        "url": "https://docs.github.com/en/apps",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "qrdOARfqGPF9xhF6snbAn": {
+    "title": "OAuth Apps",
+    "description": "GitHub OAuth Apps are a way to integrate with the GitHub platform using OAuth authentication. They allow developers to create custom integrations that can automate tasks, provide real-time notifications, and build custom workflows.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Creating an OAuth app",
+        "url": "https://docs.github.com/en/apps/oauth-apps/building-oauth-apps/creating-an-oauth-app",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "GitHub Login With React (GitHub APIs, GitHub OAuth 2.0 Authentication)",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rRn2EisxPl4",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "MoG7D9kqPuA6o52-z_WDN": {
+    "title": "Webhooks",
+    "description": "GitHub Webhooks allow developers to receive real-time notifications about events happening within their repository, such as commits, pull requests, and issues. These webhooks enable users to automate tasks, integrate with other services, and build custom workflows.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "About webhooks",
+        "url": "https://docs.github.com/en/webhooks/about-webhooks",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Webhooks documentation",
+        "url": "https://docs.github.com/en/webhooks",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How to use GitHub Webhooks with Discord",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-gyEHj0CVx0&",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "vhdGUhMAyre_Xya6IxZ-t": {
+    "title": "GitHub Sponsors",
+    "description": "A GitHub Sponsor is a way to support and fund open-source projects on GitHub. It allows maintainers of public repositories to receive financial support from users who value their work. Sponsors can contribute funds to help with expenses, development time, or other project-related costs. In return, sponsors are recognized as supporters in the repository's README file and on the project's website. This feature promotes transparency, accountability, and appreciation within open-source communities, making it easier for maintainers to focus on their projects.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Sponsoring an open source contributor through GitHub",
+        "url": "https://docs.github.com/en/sponsors/sponsoring-open-source-contributors/sponsoring-an-open-source-contributor-through-github",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Receiving sponsorships through GitHub Sponsors",
+        "url": "https://docs.github.com/en/sponsors/receiving-sponsorships-through-github-sponsors",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "bnai6R6pOq_L5CPdbVwMW": {
+    "title": "GitHub Pages",
+    "description": "GitHub Pages is a feature that allows users to host and publish web content directly from their GitHub repositories. It provides a simple way to create and deploy websites, blogs, or projects without the need for manual configuration or maintenance. Users can upload custom themes, add plugins, and use various tools to customize their pages.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "About GitHub Pages",
+        "url": "https://docs.github.com/en/pages/getting-started-with-github-pages/about-github-pages",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Ceating a GitHub Pages site",
+        "url": "https://docs.github.com/en/pages/getting-started-with-github-pages/creating-a-github-pages-site",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "GitHub Pages examples",
+        "url": "https://github.com/collections/github-pages-examples",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "M2_hBvXou7cCNqsMnexCt": {
+    "title": "GitHub Gists",
+    "description": "A GitHub Gist is a small code or text snippet that can be shared with others. It is a simple way to share code, configuration files, or other snippets of text without creating a full-fledged repository. Gists are useful for sharing examples, demos, or tutorials, and they can also serve as a starting point for larger projects. Each gist has a unique URL that can be shared with others, allowing them to view and edit the content. Gists support various file types, including code files, text files, and even images. They also provide features like syntax highlighting, line numbers, and commit history.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Creating gists",
+        "url": "https://docs.github.com/en/get-started/writing-on-github/editing-and-sharing-content-with-gists/creating-gists",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "REST API endpoints for gists",
+        "url": "https://docs.github.com/en/rest/gists/gists?apiVersion=2022-11-28",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "rqPCHh25xX_ROMr-ULpaw": {
+    "title": "GitHub Packages",
+    "description": "GitHub Packages is a package repository service that allows developers to store and share packages, containers, and other software artifacts. It provides a central location for sharing packages with teams, organizations, or the wider developer community. GitHub Packages supports popular package managers like npm, Maven, and Gradle, as well as container registries like Docker Hub. This feature enables seamless integration of packages into development workflows, making it easier to share dependencies, libraries, and frameworks within and across projects. By using GitHub Packages, developers can simplify dependency management, reduce errors, and improve overall collaboration.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Introduction to GitHub Packages",
+        "url": "https://docs.github.com/en/packages/learn-github-packages/introduction-to-github-packages",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "GitHub Packages documentation",
+        "url": "https://docs.github.com/en/packages",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "ZHplGidvhxEIC3HN8KqRa": {
+    "title": "Deploying Static Websites",
+    "description": "Deploying static websites on GitHub Pages involves uploading and serving website content that is generated beforehand, without dynamic functionality. This approach allows for fast deployment, low maintenance, and improved security.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "How to Deploy a Static Website for Free Using Github Pages",
+        "url": "https://medium.com/flycode/how-to-deploy-a-static-website-for-free-using-github-pages-8eddc194853b",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How to Host a Website on GitHub Pages Free (Custom Domain Setup Included)",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e5AwNU3Y2es",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "VdoxEWaU56-QCbHFRw649": {
+    "title": "Custom Domains",
+    "description": "On GitHub Pages, users can customize their site's URL by connecting a custom domain to their repository. This feature allows users to use their own domain name instead of the default [GitHub.io](http://GitHub.io) subdomain, giving their site a more professional and personalized look.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Configuring a custom domain for your GitHub Pages site",
+        "url": "https://docs.github.com/en/pages/configuring-a-custom-domain-for-your-github-pages-site",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How to Host a Website on GitHub Pages Free (Custom Domain Setup Included)",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e5AwNU3Y2es&t=156s",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "iwfNYDlAgbA_rpWYcoHCC": {
+    "title": "Static Site Generators",
+    "description": "GitHub offers a set of static site generators (SSGs) that allow users to create and deploy websites directly from their GitHub repositories. These SSGs include `Jekyll`, `Hugo`, and `Middleman`, among others. They provide a simple way to build websites without the need for manual configuration or maintenance.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Static Site Generators",
+        "url": "https://github.com/collections/static-site-generators",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "About GitHub Pages and Jekyll",
+        "url": "https://docs.github.com/en/pages/setting-up-a-github-pages-site-with-jekyll/about-github-pages-and-jekyll",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "NdfwgwMOewiyEAFyC2l7U": {
+    "title": "GitHub Codespaces",
+    "description": "GitHub Codespaces is a cloud-based development environment that allows developers to create, access, and use pre-configured, ready-to-use environments for coding. It provides a seamless way to develop, test, and debug applications in a virtual machine or container, eliminating the need for local setup and configuration. With GitHub Codespaces, users can spin up a new environment with their desired configuration, tools, and dependencies in just a few clicks. This feature streamlines development workflows, reduces friction, and increases productivity by providing instant access to a tailored coding environment for each project.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "GitHub Codespaces Overview",
+        "url": "https://docs.github.com/en/codespaces/overview",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How to Deploy a GitHub Codespace",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_01iCF9sO1c",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "pFyMiyNQ16-kP7jKaKKEU": {
+    "title": "GitHub Education",
+    "description": "GitHub Education is a program that provides free and discounted access to GitHub's developer tools, services, and resources for students, teachers, and researchers. This program aims to support education and research in software development, by making it easier for students and educators to learn, collaborate, and build projects on GitHub. By using GitHub Education, students can gain hands-on experience with real-world coding challenges, while educators can create a more engaging and interactive learning environment.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "official GitHub Education Docs",
+        "url": "https://education.github.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "GitHub GitHub Education: free programs, technology, and opportunities available for Students",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HIVFdN9VGgw",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "XRSVRl6iHncMmgSXoB7Lq": {
+    "title": "Student Developer Pack",
+    "description": "The GitHub Student Developer Pack is a collection of developer tools and resources that are offered free or at a discounted price to students through the GitHub Education program. This pack includes access to GitHub, GitHub Desktop, GitHub Classroom, GitHub Student Developer Kit, and other benefits. By using the Student Developer Pack, students can gain hands-on experience with professional developer tools, while also getting access to a wide range of educational resources.\n\nVisit the following resource to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Apply to GitHub Education as a student",
+        "url": "https://docs.github.com/en/education/explore-the-benefits-of-teaching-and-learning-with-github-education/github-education-for-students/apply-to-github-education-as-a-student",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "Pg6G4fzYb_RUhANeRKlRX": {
+    "title": "GitHub Classroom",
+    "description": "GitHub Classroom is an integrated feature within GitHub that allows educators to create and assign homework assignments, projects, or quizzes directly to students. This feature streamlines the process of teaching and learning by making it easy for instructors to share code, provide feedback, and track student progress all in one place. By using GitHub Classroom, teachers can focus on high-level instruction and student engagement, while also promoting collaboration and hands-on learning experiences.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "About GitHub Classroom",
+        "url": "https://docs.github.com/en/education/manage-coursework-with-github-classroom/get-started-with-github-classroom/about-github-classroom",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "GitHub Classroom - Getting Started Guide",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xVVeqIDgCvM&list=PLIRjfNq867bewk3ZGV6Z7a16YDNRCpK3u",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "B1KiSOt2b8t8FYD7Jxw2A": {
+    "title": "Campus Program",
+    "description": "The GitHub Campus Program offers GitHub Enterprise Cloud and GitHub Enterprise Server free-of-charge for schools that want to make the most of GitHub for their community. This program provides access to a comprehensive set of developer tools, as well as resources and support to help students and educators build projects, collaborate, and develop skills in software development.\n\nVisit the following resource to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "About GitHub Campus Program",
+        "url": "https://docs.github.com/en/education/explore-the-benefits-of-teaching-and-learning-with-github-education/use-github-at-your-educational-institution/about-github-campus-program",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "R20LXLLEzNn-SpyFDMRXj": {
+    "title": "GitHub Marketplace",
+    "description": "GitHub Marketplace is a platform that allows developers to discover, install, and manage third-party tools and services directly within their GitHub environment. These tools can provide a range of features, such as code analysis, project management, or collaboration, making it easier for developers to work efficiently and effectively. By using the GitHub Marketplace, developers can streamline their workflow, reduce friction, and focus on writing code.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "GitHub Marketplace",
+        "url": "https://github.com/marketplace",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "About GitHub Marketplace for apps",
+        "url": "https://docs.github.com/en/apps/github-marketplace/github-marketplace-overview/about-github-marketplace-for-apps",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "f2PG4t6iVtfIH8BVe5H7f": {
+    "title": "GitHub Security",
+    "description": "GitHub Security is a suite of features and tools that help developers identify, fix, and prevent security vulnerabilities in their code. It provides a comprehensive approach to secure coding practices by integrating with the developer's workflow. The main components of GitHub Security include: `Code Scanning`, which uses AI-powered analysis to detect potential vulnerabilities; `Dependabot`, which automates dependency updates to prevent attacks via vulnerable dependencies; `Secret scanning`, which detects and flags secrets like API keys or credentials; and `GitHub Advanced Security`, which offers more advanced security features for larger teams. By using these tools, developers can ensure their code is secure, and identify potential issues before they become serious problems.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "GitHub security features",
+        "url": "https://docs.github.com/en/code-security/getting-started/github-security-features",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Dependabot quickstart guide",
+        "url": "https://docs.github.com/en/code-security/getting-started/dependabot-quickstart-guide",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "About user alerts",
+        "url": "https://docs.github.com/en/code-security/secret-scanning/managing-alerts-from-secret-scanning/about-alerts#about-user-alerts",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "4slyjdk2Eeg5VYY6gCDG6": {
+    "title": "GitHub Models",
+    "description": "GitHub Models is a feature that allows developers to search, explore, and use pre-trained AI models from various sources. This platform provides a way to discover and experiment with these models, making it easier to integrate AI capabilities into software projects. By using GitHub Models, developers can quickly find and try out different models, without having to train them from scratch.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Prototyping with AI models",
+        "url": "https://docs.github.com/en/github-models/prototyping-with-ai-models",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "GitHub Models DEMO | AI models for developers on GitHub",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WiBB8Lsgl7I",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "iWn3zDMOfLLjSp6f1jQoE": {
+    "title": "GitHub Copilot",
+    "description": "GitHub Copilot is an AI-powered code-completion tool that helps developers write code faster and with less errors. It uses a combination of machine learning algorithms and access to GitHub's vast repository of open-source code to provide context-aware suggestions for coding tasks. Copilot can generate entire functions, methods, or even entire classes based on the context of the code being written. This feature aims to reduce the time spent on coding by providing immediate and relevant suggestions, allowing developers to focus more on high-level design and problem-solving.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Quickstart for GitHub Copilot",
+        "url": "https://docs.github.com/en/copilot/quickstart",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Intro to GitHob Copilot in Visual Studio",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z1ycDvspv8U",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "GitHub Copilot in VSCode: Top 10 Features Explained",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2nPoiUJpDaU",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "Ddkss13_qDJTquDHbVTVs": {
+    "title": "CITATION files",
+    "description": "You can add a CITATION.cff file to the root of a repository to let others know how you would like them to cite your work. The citation file format is plain text with human- and machine-readable citation information.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "CITATION Files Documentation",
+        "url": "https://docs.github.com/en/repositories/managing-your-repositorys-settings-and-features/customizing-your-repository/about-citation-files",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/public/roadmap-content/ios.json b/public/roadmap-content/ios.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..79596763e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/public/roadmap-content/ios.json
@@ -0,0 +1,2941 @@
+{
+  "KJ7fM-V0_azY_lzmhjJAN": {
+    "title": "Swift (Recommended)",
+    "description": "Swift is a powerful and intuitive programming language developed by Apple for building iOS, macOS, watchOS, and tvOS applications. It combines modern language features like type safety, concise syntax, and performance optimizations, making it easy to write and maintain.\n\nSwift is designed to be safe, fast, and interactive, offering a more productive coding experience compared to Objective-C.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Swift Documentation",
+        "url": "https://www.swift.org/documentation/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Swift",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/swift?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Swift in 100 Seconds",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nAchMctX4YA",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "z4-1Gc95JKYAn2RPFc7hw": {
+    "title": "History and Why Swift?",
+    "description": "**History**\n\nSwift was introduced by Apple in 2014 as a modern replacement for Objective-C.\n\nIt was developed to address the limitations and complexities of Objective-C, providing a more powerful and user-friendly programming language.\n\n**Why Swift?**\n\nSwift offers improved performance, safety, and readability. It reduces common programming errors with features like optionals and type inference.\n\nSwift’s concise syntax and modern language constructs enhance developer productivity, making it easier to write and maintain code. Its open-source nature also allows a wider community to contribute and improve the language.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "About Swift",
+        "url": "https://www.swift.org/about/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Swift",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/swift?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "A Brief History",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4P_ZsOqELBo",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "ZkNulHQAqhiFTO3CRC_mW": {
+    "title": "Benefits over Objective-C",
+    "description": "**Safety and Reliability:** Swift includes features like optionals and type inference that reduce common programming errors and crashes.\n\n**Modern Syntax:** Swift’s concise and clean syntax improves readability and maintainability.\n\n**Performance:** Swift is designed for speed and efficiency, often outperforming Objective-C in benchmarks.\n\n**Interoperability:** Swift can easily coexist with Objective-C, allowing for a gradual transition of codebases.\n\n**Memory Management:** Automatic Reference Counting (ARC) in Swift handles memory management across both procedural and object-oriented code, reducing memory leaks.\n\n**Playgrounds:** Swift's interactive playgrounds provide a dynamic environment for testing and learning Swift code.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Swift vs Objective-C",
+        "url": "https://www.waldo.com/blog/swift-vs-objective-c",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about C Programming",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/c?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "fboebSmquyJyozsMRJDtK": {
+    "title": "Swift Basics",
+    "description": "Swift is a powerful and intuitive programming language for macOS, iOS, watchOS, and tvOS. Writing Swift code is interactive and fun, the syntax is concise yet expressive, and Swift includes modern features developers love. Swift code is safe by design, yet also produces software that runs lightning-fast.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Tour of Swift",
+        "url": "https://docs.swift.org/swift-book/documentation/the-swift-programming-language/guidedtour",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "oOaMz9A5DZvrjxovMztXz": {
+    "title": "Objective-C",
+    "description": "Objective-C is a general-purpose, object-oriented programming language that adds Smalltalk-style messaging to the C programming language.\n\nIt was the primary language used by Apple for macOS and iOS development before the introduction of Swift.\n\nObjective-C enables the creation of dynamic and flexible applications by allowing objects to send messages to each other. It is known for its runtime capabilities and is often used in conjunction with Apple's Cocoa and Cocoa Touch frameworks.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Programming with Objective-C",
+        "url": "https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/documentation/Cocoa/Conceptual/ProgrammingWithObjectiveC/Introduction/Introduction.html#//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP40011210",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about C Programming",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/c?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "0BSX80W1TJ_Ia_Zh2zKyK": {
+    "title": "Objective-C Basics",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "IAPzuN51xvrZJ5TFB23Q9": {
+    "title": "Interoperability with Swift",
+    "description": "Swift is designed to work seamlessly with Objective-C, allowing developers to integrate and use both languages within the same project. This interoperability enables:\n\n**Gradual Migration:** Developers can incrementally migrate their codebase from Objective-C to Swift without needing a complete rewrite.\n\n**Mixed-Language Projects:** Swift and Objective-C files can coexist, and developers can call Objective-C code from Swift and vice versa.\n\n**Access to Existing Libraries:** Swift code can leverage existing Objective-C libraries and frameworks, ensuring continued use of valuable resources and tools.\n\n**Bridging Header:** A bridging header file allows Swift to interface with Objective-C code, facilitating communication between the two languages.\n\n**Compatibility:** Swift supports dynamic libraries, ensuring compatibility with existing Objective-C runtime and APIs.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Swift and Objective-C Interoperability",
+        "url": "https://developer.apple.com/videos/play/wwdc2015/401/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Swift",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/swift?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Bridging Swift And Objective C",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wp_-8tE85hE",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "IduGSdUa2Fi7VFMLKgmsS": {
+    "title": "iOS Architecture",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "IdGdLNgJI3WmONEFsMq-d": {
+    "title": "Core OS",
+    "description": "The Core OS layer in iOS is the foundation upon which the entire operating system is built, providing essential low-level services that ensure the system’s security, performance, and efficiency. This layer includes the kernel, which manages system resources and hardware abstraction, and device drivers that facilitate communication between the OS and hardware. Core OS also encompasses security frameworks, such as the Secure Enclave for handling encryption keys and biometric data, and Keychain Services for secure storage of sensitive information.\n\nCore OS supports essential functionalities like the Apple File System (APFS), which offers features like encryption and snapshotting, efficient memory management, and robust networking capabilities. It also includes power management features to extend battery life, inter-process communication (IPC) mechanisms for multitasking, and core system libraries like libdispatch for concurrency. By providing these foundational services, Core OS ensures that higher-level software can operate efficiently and securely on iOS devices.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Kernel API",
+        "url": "https://developer.apple.com/documentation/kernel",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "System Configuration",
+        "url": "https://developer.apple.com/documentation/systemconfiguration",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Apple File System Guide",
+        "url": "https://developer.apple.com/documentation/foundation/file_system/about_apple_file_system",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Keychain Services",
+        "url": "https://developer.apple.com/documentation/security/keychain_services",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "LibDispatch",
+        "url": "https://developer.apple.com/documentation/dispatch",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "LibXPC",
+        "url": "https://developer.apple.com/documentation/xpc",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "LHM7gNgTtfn_QDW-oQskD": {
+    "title": "Core Services",
+    "description": "The Core Services layer in iOS provides essential system services that support app development by offering a wide range of fundamental frameworks and capabilities. These services are crucial for enabling basic app functionality such as data management, networking, location services, motion sensing, and web content integration. By leveraging these core frameworks, you can efficiently handle tasks like data storage and persistence, network communication, and user location tracking, ensuring their apps are robust, responsive, and capable of interacting with various hardware and software components.\n\nCore Services are responsible for managing fundamental utilities and services that underpin iOS applications. This includes providing efficient data management solutions, robust networking capabilities, precise location data, and motion sensing features. Additionally, they facilitate seamless integration and manipulation of web content within apps.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Core Services Layer Overview",
+        "url": "https://developer.apple.com/documentation/coreservices",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Core Foundation",
+        "url": "https://developer.apple.com/documentation/corefoundation",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Core Data",
+        "url": "https://developer.apple.com/documentation/coredata",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Core Location",
+        "url": "https://developer.apple.com/documentation/corelocation",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "CFNetwork",
+        "url": "https://developer.apple.com/documentation/cfnetwork",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Core Motion",
+        "url": "https://developer.apple.com/documentation/coremotion",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Foundation",
+        "url": "https://developer.apple.com/documentation/foundation",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "WebKit",
+        "url": "https://developer.apple.com/documentation/webkit",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "nGCG74_Xp_Ngt0u7PZnZl": {
+    "title": "Media",
+    "description": "The iOS Media Layer is a collection of frameworks and technologies that enable developers to incorporate rich multimedia experiences into their apps. It includes tools for handling audio, video, and graphics. Key components are AVFoundation for working with time-based audiovisual media, Core Audio for low-level audio processing, Core Animation for fluid animations and visual effects, and Metal for high-performance graphics rendering. This layer also provides support for camera operations, audio recording, and media playback.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "kRE9xT3mT9Si4NwJr9yGi": {
+    "title": "Core Graphics",
+    "description": "Core Graphics, also known as Quartz, is a powerful 2D graphics rendering framework in iOS. It provides essential functions for drawing shapes, images, and text, handling low-level graphic operations with precision and efficiency. Core Graphics supports advanced features like color management, path-based drawing, and anti-aliasing, enabling developers to create detailed and visually appealing graphics within their applications.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Core Graphics Documentation",
+        "url": "https://developer.apple.com/documentation/coregraphics",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Introduction to Core Graphics",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=won0gA05ce0",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "_mRs6ctH0IsSSi-cwV2b8": {
+    "title": "Core Animation",
+    "description": "Core Animation is a powerful framework in iOS that allows developers to create rich and interactive animations. It works by compositing layers, each representing a view, and uses hardware acceleration to ensure smooth animations. Core Animation simplifies the process of animating properties such as position, scale, and opacity, providing implicit and explicit animation techniques. It enhances the user interface experience by enabling complex visual effects, transitions, and animations with minimal impact on performance, making it essential for crafting visually appealing iOS applications.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Core Animation Documentation",
+        "url": "https://developer.apple.com/documentation/quartzcore",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "UKgiSQvR9cryQT50t7riZ": {
+    "title": "AVFoundation",
+    "description": "AVFoundation is a comprehensive framework for working with time-based audiovisual media on iOS-based platforms. It enables developers to play, create, and edit QuickTime movies and MPEG-4 files, as well as handle HLS streams. AVFoundation offers robust tools for audio and video capture, editing, and playback, allowing for advanced media functionalities like precise control over audio sessions, media composition, and real-time processing. It ensures high performance and flexibility for building rich multimedia experiences in apps.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "AVFoundation Documentation",
+        "url": "https://developer.apple.com/av-foundation/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Learning AVFoundation",
+        "url": "https://medium.com/@divya.nayak/learning-avfoundation-part-1-c761aad183ad",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "6zE_M0_oVpwW0B9qFSRgP": {
+    "title": "Core Image",
+    "description": "Core Image is a powerful framework in iOS for image processing and analysis. It provides a wide array of built-in filters for tasks such as enhancing photos, applying artistic effects, and performing face detection. Core Image leverages GPU acceleration to ensure high performance and real-time processing capabilities. With support for custom filters and flexible integration with other graphics technologies, Core Image enables developers to create complex visual effects and perform sophisticated image manipulations within their applications.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Core Image Tutorial",
+        "url": "https://www.kodeco.com/30195423-core-image-tutorial-getting-started",
+        "type": "course"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Core Image Documentation",
+        "url": "https://developer.apple.com/documentation/coreimage",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "4bAABCfTvxchS5C5NlAro": {
+    "title": "Core Audio",
+    "description": "Core Audio is a low-level framework in iOS designed for handling audio. It provides developers with advanced capabilities for recording, processing, playing back, and streaming audio. Core Audio supports various audio formats and offers precise control over audio data, enabling tasks such as real-time audio manipulation, audio mixing, and effects processing. With its high-performance and low-latency features, Core Audio is ideal for professional audio applications and complex audio signal processing tasks.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Core Audio Documentation",
+        "url": "https://developer.apple.com/documentation/coreaudio",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Working with Core Audio",
+        "url": "https://medium.com/@ios_guru/core-audio-for-working-with-audio-7c293382ffca",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "5VguZoP4h40rTWkxWxaxU": {
+    "title": "Metal",
+    "description": "Metal is a high-performance graphics and compute framework for iOS, macOS, and tvOS, designed by Apple. It enables developers to harness the full power of the GPU for advanced 3D graphics, complex visual effects, and data-parallel computation. Metal provides low-level, low-overhead access to the GPU, allowing for fine-tuned performance optimizations in applications and games.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Metal Tutorial",
+        "url": "https://metaltutorial.com/",
+        "type": "course"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Metal Documentation",
+        "url": "https://developer.apple.com/metal/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "leozxW-5fAOfkKbQM4FD1": {
+    "title": "Cocoa Touch",
+    "description": "The Cocoa Touch layer in iOS provides the key frameworks needed to create apps for iOS devices. It offers extensive support for various user interface elements, gestures, animations, and event handling, making it central to developing interactive and visually appealing applications. Key components include UIKit for managing the graphical user interface, Foundation for essential data and network access, and Core Motion for handling device motion data. Additionally, frameworks like GameKit, MapKit, MessageUI, EventKit, and AVFoundation extend functionality for gaming, mapping, communication, event management, and multimedia.\n\nCocoa Touch is responsible for the seamless integration of user interfaces and multimedia, supporting touch-based input, complex animations, and gesture recognizers through UIKit. AVFoundation provides robust tools for handling audio and video, essential for media-rich applications. GameKit offers features for game development, while MapKit integrates mapping services. MessageUI enables in-app communication via email and messages, and EventKit manages calendar events and reminders. These frameworks collectively empower developers to create rich, interactive, and high-performing iOS applications.\n\nYou can learn more in depth information on the elements of the Cocoa Touch layer further down the roadmap in the UI Design & Framework sections.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "mk02yV7_XHkgp2xdNIxaU": {
+    "title": "Core Programming Concepts",
+    "description": "Core programming concepts for iOS development encompass fundamental principles essential for creating efficient and robust applications. These include understanding variables, data types, control structures (like loops and conditionals), functions, and object-oriented programming principles. iOS developers should also be familiar with memory management, error handling, and basic algorithms.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Programming Fundamentals",
+        "url": "https://www.theknowledgeacademy.com/blog/programming-fundamentals/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What are the basic fundementals of programming?",
+        "url": "https://www.educative.io/answers/what-are-the-basic-fundamental-concepts-of-programming",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "FoqlB7xBIrV4yUp4ReBkw": {
+    "title": "OOP",
+    "description": "Object-Oriented Programming **(OOP)** is a style where code is organized around \"objects,\" which are instances of classes combining data and methods. It emphasizes encapsulation, abstraction, inheritance, and polymorphism, enabling modular, reusable, and maintainable code. OOP allows developers to model real-world entities and their interactions, making complex software design more intuitive and efficient.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Object-oriented Programming in 7 minutes",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pTB0EiLXUC8",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "Pj-hqRZUmwx1WhmTbLoFD": {
+    "title": "Functional Programming",
+    "description": "Functional programming is a style of programming where code is written using pure functions, avoiding changing state and mutable data. It emphasizes the use of mathematical functions to process data, which leads to more predictable and bug-resistant code. This approach helps in writing concise, readable, and testable code.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Functional Programming",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/functional-programming?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Functional programming - A general introduction",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8z_bUIl_uPo",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Intro to Swift for Functional Programmers",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rYC-TnKoi40",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "tqbg8mBJfjuXacdMlIB_L": {
+    "title": "Memory Management",
+    "description": "Memory management involves allocating memory for objects and freeing it after use. Manual Retain-Release (MRR) requires developers to explicitly manage memory using reference counting, provided by the Foundation class NSObject. Automatic Reference Counting (ARC) automates this process by inserting memory management method calls during compilation, though it still uses reference counting. In contrast, Garbage Collection (GC) automatically tracks object ownership and releases unreferenced objects, using a different mechanism than MRR and ARC, and is supported only in the macOS X runtime environment, not on iOS.\n\n> Beginning May 1, 2015, new Mac apps and app updates submitted to the Mac App Store may no longer use garbage collection, which was deprecated in OS X Mountain Lion. Instead, migrate your apps to Automatic Reference Counting, using the migration assistant in Xcode to help with this transition. Apps may continue to use retain/release for manual memory management. For more information, read the [Transitioning to ARC Release Notes](https://developer.apple.com/library/ios/releasenotes/ObjectiveC/RN-TransitioningToARC/Introduction/Introduction.html).\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "WWDC2021: ARC in Swift: Basics and beyond",
+        "url": "https://developer.apple.com/videos/play/wwdc2021/10216/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "ARC(Automatic Reference Counting)",
+        "url": "https://docs.swift.org/swift-book/documentation/the-swift-programming-language/automaticreferencecounting/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "About Memory Management",
+        "url": "https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/documentation/Cocoa/Conceptual/MemoryMgmt/Articles/MemoryMgmt.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Mac Apps That Use Garbage Collection Must Move to ARC",
+        "url": "https://developer.apple.com/news/?id=02202015a",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "MemoryLayout",
+        "url": "https://developer.apple.com/documentation/swift/memorylayout",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Detect and diagnose memory issues",
+        "url": "https://developer.apple.com/videos/play/wwdc2021/10180/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "WWDC24: Analyze heap memory",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X_JYRz-Hd0o",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "DZaY060-5D6PbfryOZH9H": {
+    "title": "ViewController Lifecycle",
+    "description": "The ViewController lifecycle in iOS refers to the sequence of methods called as a view controller transitions between states. It begins with initialization, followed by loading the view, appearing on screen, disappearing, and potentially being deallocated. Key methods include `viewDidLoad()`, `viewWillAppear()`, `viewDidAppear()`, `viewWillDisappear()`, and `viewDidDisappear()`. Understanding this lifecycle is crucial for managing resources, updating UI, and handling state changes efficiently in iOS apps.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "ViewController Life Cycle",
+        "url": "https://guides.codepath.com/ios/View-Controller-Lifecycle",
+        "type": "opensource"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "ViewController Life Cycle in iOS",
+        "url": "https://medium.com/@knoo/viewcontroller-life-cycle-in-ios-29f7da4acfc7",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "N5ojp6bqgH074MPKYjCHV": {
+    "title": "Error Handling",
+    "description": "Error handling is a crucial programming concept for managing unexpected situations or failures during code execution. It involves anticipating potential issues, detecting when they occur, and responding appropriately. Common techniques include try-catch blocks, throwing and catching exceptions, and using error codes or result objects. Effective error handling improves program robustness, prevents crashes, aids in debugging, and enhances user experience by providing meaningful feedback. It allows developers to gracefully manage issues like invalid inputs, resource unavailability, or network failures, ensuring the program can recover or fail safely when problems arise.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "General Error Handling Rules - Google",
+        "url": "https://developers.google.com/tech-writing/error-messages/error-handling",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Error Handling Patterns",
+        "url": "https://andreabergia.com/blog/2023/05/error-handling-patterns/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Error Handling by Timoth Cain",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yhJEJKG-aK8",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "aALIiAxKz4f7B_EYyhBCi": {
+    "title": "Concurrency (GCD, async/await)",
+    "description": "Concurrency in iOS development refers to executing multiple tasks simultaneously, improving app performance and responsiveness. Grand Central Dispatch (GCD) is a low-level API that manages concurrent operations through queues, while async/await is a modern Swift feature that simplifies asynchronous code. These tools allow developers to perform time-consuming tasks (like network requests or complex calculations) in the background without freezing the UI. By leveraging concurrency, iOS apps can efficiently utilize device resources, handle multiple operations simultaneously, and maintain a smooth user experience even during intensive processing tasks.\n\niOS specific concurrency is covered later in the roadmap.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "MrdIb9F-wSEbUz7KRnH3t": {
+    "title": "Pick a Language",
+    "description": "Apple used to use Objective C for the development of apps for iOS and macOS, but since 2014 [Swift](https://www.swift.org/documentation/) has become the primary language for app development. After more than 10 years of growing strong and mature, now it is worth starting your iOS Developer journey by learning the language.\n\nSwift is a multi-paradigm language that has object-oriented, functional, and protocol-oriented flavors to it. For someone with a coding background in C++ and Java, the strange concepts would be Optionals, Closures, and the very fact you can skip writing semicolons when you end your statements.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Swift Programming Tutorial | FULL COURSE | Absolute Beginner",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CwA1VWP0Ldw",
+        "type": "course"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Swift Programming For Beginners - No Programming Experience",
+        "url": "https://www.udemy.com/course/swift-programming-for-beginners-no-experience/",
+        "type": "course"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Swift Programming Tutorial – Full Course for Beginners",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8Xg7E9shq0U",
+        "type": "course"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Learn Swift Fast (2020) - Full Course For Beginners",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FcsY1YPBwzQ",
+        "type": "course"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "sGnDm2xuJxqfU3pwmlY7H": {
+    "title": "Version Control",
+    "description": "Version control is a system that tracks changes to files over time, allowing multiple developers to collaborate on projects efficiently. It enables users to review project history, revert to previous states, manage different versions, and merge changes from multiple sources. Git is the most popular version control system, offering features like branching, merging, and distributed development. Version control is essential for software development, providing backup, facilitating collaboration, and allowing experimentation without risking project stability. It helps teams maintain code quality, resolve conflicts, and streamline the development process across various platforms and projects.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is version control?",
+        "url": "https://www.atlassian.com/git/tutorials/what-is-version-control",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Git - About version control",
+        "url": "https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Getting-Started-About-Version-Control",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is version control and why you should always use it",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IeXhYROClZk",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "QifWR7WSJJTcTK2IfczxG": {
+    "title": "Git",
+    "description": "Git is a distributed version control system **(VCS)** used to track changes in source code during software development. It allows multiple developers to collaborate on a project by managing different versions of the code, enabling them to work on separate branches, merge changes, and keep a complete history of modifications.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Git Documentation",
+        "url": "https://www.git-scm.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Git",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/git?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Git in 100 Seconds",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hwP7WQkmECE",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "U_xXGSFF5iibQ4VkzPAWf": {
+    "title": "GitHub",
+    "description": "GitHub is a web-based platform that uses Git for version control and collaboration. It provides a centralized repository for hosting and managing Git repositories, allowing developers to share their code, collaborate on projects, and track issues.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "GitHub Docs",
+        "url": "https://docs.github.com/en",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is GitHub",
+        "url": "https://blog.hubspot.com/website/what-is-github-used-for",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about GitHub",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/github?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How to Use GitHub",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v_1iqtOnUMg",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "la5M4VoH79bhnN8qj5Izp": {
+    "title": "Xcode",
+    "description": "Xcode is Apple’s integrated development environment (IDE) for macOS, used to develop software for iOS, macOS, watchOS, and tvOS. It includes a suite of tools for designing user interfaces, writing and testing code, and debugging applications. Xcode supports multiple programming languages such as Swift and Objective-C and offers features like a source editor, version control, performance analysis, and extensive documentation, making it a comprehensive platform for developing Apple ecosystem apps.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Xcode Documentation",
+        "url": "https://developer.apple.com/xcode/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "WWDC24: What’s new in Xcode 16",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BAQ9EhAm2eM",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "WWDC24: Xcode essentials",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EN7-6Oj7cL0",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Xcode",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/xcode?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Xcode 15 Tutorial for Beginners (2024)",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8Xcq4yRQ0pU&pp=ygUTeGNvZGUgdHV0b3JpYWwgMjAyNA%3D%3D",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "R8LdFpfyS0MFYJuMLk8RG": {
+    "title": "Installing",
+    "description": "The Xcode Integrated Development Environment (IDE) can only be installed on MacOS given it's nature as an iOS IDE. It can be installed simply like any application on the Mac, via the iStore using an Apple ID.\n\nIf you wish to do any development using the Command Line Interface (CLI) you will need to install Xcode Command Line Tools via the `Xcode-select --install`. Popular CLI tools such as `clang`, `gcc` & `git` will require the installation of Xcode Command Line Tools.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Xcode Command Line Tools Installation",
+        "url": "https://mac.install.guide/commandlinetools/4",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How to Install Xcode on Mac",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F6QZ2atZrDw",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "SeGfULWFR7ufdv4U9Db3F": {
+    "title": "Preferences",
+    "description": "Xcode preferences allow you to customize your development environment to suit your workflow. They offer various settings across multiple tabs, including General, Accounts, Behaviors, Text Editing, Key Bindings, and more. These preferences let you manage your Apple developer accounts, configure source control, adjust editor and theme settings, and set up custom key bindings, helping streamline your development process.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Configuring Source Control Preferences",
+        "url": "https://developer.apple.com/documentation/xcode/configuring-source-control-preferences-in-xcode",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Customize Xcode",
+        "url": "https://help.apple.com/xcode/mac/current/#/dev9d00ebc70",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "BJgoAgH85U6S3RtXq7hHV": {
+    "title": "New Project",
+    "description": "To create an Xcode project for your app, select a platform template such as iOS, macOS, watchOS, or tvOS, and choose the type of app you want to develop, like a single view, game, or document-based app. Xcode templates provide essential configuration and files, allowing you to quickly start developing your app. This setup helps streamline the initial stages of app development.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Creating an Xcode project for an app",
+        "url": "https://developer.apple.com/documentation/xcode/creating-an-xcode-project-for-an-app",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Build Your First iOS App For Beginners",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nqTcAzPS3oc",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "FwwqAchMC6qdnXbqg45he": {
+    "title": "Interface overview",
+    "description": "Xcode's interface is designed for efficient iOS, macOS, watchOS, and tvOS development. The main window is divided into several key areas:\n\n1.  Toolbar: Contains run buttons, scheme selector, and status display.\n2.  Navigator Area (left): Includes file navigator, search, issue navigator, and test navigator.\n3.  Editor Area (center): The main coding space, supporting multiple editors and Interface Builder.\n4.  Utility Area (right): Shows file inspectors, Quick Help, and Interface Builder libraries.\n5.  Debug Area (bottom): Displays console output and variables during debugging.\n6.  Assistant Editor: Allows viewing related files side-by-side.\n7.  Version Editor: For managing and comparing different versions of code.\n\nThe interface is highly customizable, allowing developers to adjust layouts and show/hide areas as needed for their workflow. This integrated environment provides tools for coding, UI design, testing, and debugging all in one application.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "AxQ5gCjk136kXsbBFTUNp": {
+    "title": "Toolbar",
+    "description": "The Xcode toolbar is a central control panel located at the top of the Xcode window, providing quick access to key development functions. It includes:\n\n1.  Run and Stop buttons for building and executing the app\n2.  Scheme menu for selecting the active scheme and target device\n3.  Status display showing build progress and errors\n4.  Editor segmented control for switching between standard, assistant, and version editors\n5.  Workspace configuration buttons for showing/hiding different interface areas\n6.  Organizer button for accessing project and device management tools\n7.  Activity viewer for background tasks like indexing\n\nThe toolbar's layout can be customized to suit individual developer preferences, allowing for the addition or removal of specific items.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "odKZx4SUULF1y4gmiJZdu": {
+    "title": "Navigators",
+    "description": "Xcode navigators are a set of tools located in the Navigator Area on the left side of the Xcode window. They provide different views and organizational structures for managing various aspects of your project:\n\n1.  Project Navigator: Displays project files and groups\n2.  Source Control Navigator: Shows version control information\n3.  Symbol Navigator: Lists symbols (classes, methods, variables) in your project\n4.  Find Navigator: Displays search results across the project\n5.  Issue Navigator: Lists warnings, errors, and analysis results\n6.  Test Navigator: Organizes and runs unit tests\n7.  Debug Navigator: Shows running processes and debug information\n8.  Breakpoint Navigator: Manages breakpoints throughout your code\n9.  Report Navigator: Displays build and run reports",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "-4q7MFXaTmpR_39PTeWD8": {
+    "title": "Editors",
+    "description": "Xcode editors are the central workspace for code creation and modification. The main types include:\n\n1.  Source Editor: For writing and editing code, featuring syntax highlighting, code completion, and inline documentation.\n2.  Interface Builder: A visual editor for designing user interfaces, supporting both Storyboards and XIB files.\n3.  Assistant Editor: Allows viewing related files side-by-side, useful for simultaneously editing header and implementation files.\n4.  Version Editor: For comparing and merging different versions of a file.\n5.  Property List Editor: A specialized editor for working with .plist files.\n6.  Core Data Model Editor: For designing and managing Core Data models.\n\nThe Editor area supports multiple tabs and split views, enabling developers to work on multiple files simultaneously.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Creating a source editor extension",
+        "url": "https://developer.apple.com/documentation/xcodekit/creating-a-source-editor-extension",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Source Editor",
+        "url": "https://developer.apple.com/documentation/xcode/source-editor",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Creating a Core Data Model",
+        "url": "https://developer.apple.com/documentation/coredata/creating_a_core_data_model",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "YytdlQl41yrHSwlV-G3Pd": {
+    "title": "Project Files",
+    "description": "Xcode project files organize and manage the various components of an iOS, macOS, watchOS, or tvOS application. Key elements include:\n\n1.  .xcodeproj file: The main project file containing project settings, build configurations, and file references.\n2.  Source files: .swift, .h, and .m files containing the application's code.\n3.  Resource files: Assets like images, sounds, and data files used by the app.\n4.  Interface files: .storyboard and .xib files for designing the user interface.\n5.  Info.plist: A property list file containing essential app configuration information.\n6.  Entitlements file: Specifies app capabilities and security settings.\n7.  Frameworks and libraries: References to system and third-party dependencies.\n8.  Build phases and build rules: Scripts and settings that define how the project is compiled.\n9.  Scheme files: .xcscheme files defining build, run, and test configurations.\n\nThese files are typically managed through Xcode's Project Navigator, providing a structured environment for developing and organizing complex applications.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": ".XCODEPROJ File Extension",
+        "url": "https://fileinfo.com/extension/xcodeproj",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Entitlements",
+        "url": "https://developer.apple.com/documentation/bundleresources/entitlements",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Managing Your App’s Information Property List",
+        "url": "https://developer.apple.com/documentation/bundleresources/information_property_list/managing_your_app_s_information_property_list",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "42sfiLKrVCcnMMjR7TFn1": {
+    "title": "Groups",
+    "description": "Xcode groups are organizational tools used to structure and manage files within a project. They provide a logical hierarchy for arranging source code, resources, and other project files without affecting the actual file system structure. Key aspects of Xcode groups include:\n\n1.  Visual organization: Groups appear as folders in the Project Navigator, helping developers categorize and locate files easily.\n2.  Flexible structure: Files can be organized into groups based on functionality, feature, or any other logical division.\n3.  No impact on build: Grouping doesn't affect how Xcode compiles or packages the application.\n4.  Color coding: Groups can be color-coded for quick visual identification.\n5.  Nested groups: Support for subgroups allows for more detailed organization.\n6.  References vs. folders: Groups can be created as simple references or as folder references that mirror the file system.\n7.  Drag-and-drop management: Easy reorganization of files and groups within the Project Navigator.\n\nUsing groups effectively helps maintain clean, organized projects, especially as they grow in size and complexity.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Managing files and folders in your Xcode project",
+        "url": "https://developer.apple.com/documentation/xcode/managing-files-and-folders-in-your-xcode-project",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "X0QavvwPVJU6sulafPVUK": {
+    "title": "Breakpoints",
+    "description": "Xcode debugger breakpoints are powerful tools for pausing program execution at specific points, allowing developers to inspect the application state and diagnose issues. Key features include:\n\n1.  Line breakpoints: Set on specific code lines to pause execution.\n2.  Symbolic breakpoints: Trigger on function or method names.\n3.  Exception breakpoints: Pause when exceptions occur.\n4.  Conditional breakpoints: Only activate when certain conditions are met.\n5.  Action breakpoints: Perform custom actions when hit, like logging or running scripts.\n6.  Breakpoint navigator: Centralized management of all breakpoints.\n7.  Enable/disable options: Easily toggle breakpoints without removing them.\n8.  Breakpoint groups: Organize and manage sets of related breakpoints.\n\nBreakpoints can be set by clicking in the gutter of the source editor or through the Breakpoint Navigator.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Setting breakpoints to pause your running app",
+        "url": "https://developer.apple.com/documentation/xcode/setting-breakpoints-to-pause-your-running-app",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How to add and use a breakpoint in XCode",
+        "url": "https://www.delasign.com/blog/xcode-add-use-breakpoint/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Debugging Apps with Xcode 15: Debugging with Breakpoints",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wYldJF-8fWA",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "VuWUsg05WmOoP_RJ5AXJO": {
+    "title": "Debug Navigator",
+    "description": "The Xcode Debug Navigator is a powerful tool in the Navigator pane that provides detailed information about the running application during debugging sessions. Key features include:\n\n1.  Process hierarchy: Displays all running processes and threads.\n2.  CPU and memory usage: Shows real-time performance metrics.\n3.  Disk activity: Monitors file system operations.\n4.  Network activity: Tracks network requests and responses.\n5.  Energy impact: Measures the app's energy consumption.\n6.  GPU usage: Monitors graphics processing utilization.\n7.  iCloud activity: Tracks iCloud-related operations.\n8.  Thread states: Visualizes the state of each thread (running, blocked, etc.).\n9.  Stacktrace view: Allows navigation through the call stack of selected threads.\n\nThe Debug Navigator helps developers identify performance bottlenecks, memory leaks, and other runtime issues. It's particularly useful for optimizing app performance and troubleshooting complex multi-threaded scenarios.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Debugging",
+        "url": "https://developer.apple.com/documentation/xcode/debugging",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Exploring Xcode's Debugging Tools",
+        "url": "https://cocoacasts.com/debugging-applications-with-xcode-exploring-xcode-debugging-tools",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "hUHxlNa6iJJbDGdFNhynB": {
+    "title": "Stepping",
+    "description": "Xcode debugger stepping allows developers to execute code line by line, providing detailed control over program flow during debugging. Key stepping commands include:\n\n1.  Step Over: Executes the current line and moves to the next, without entering functions.\n2.  Step Into: Enters into the function call on the current line.\n3.  Step Out: Completes the current function and returns to the calling line.\n4.  Continue: Resumes normal execution until the next breakpoint.\n5.  Step Into Instruction: Moves to the next machine instruction (for low-level debugging).\n6.  Step Over Instruction: Executes the current machine instruction without entering calls.\n\nThese controls are accessible via the debug toolbar, keyboard shortcuts, or the Debug menu.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Stepping through code and inspecting variables to isolate bugs",
+        "url": "https://developer.apple.com/documentation/xcode/stepping-through-code-and-inspecting-variables-to-isolate-bugs",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Stepping through code",
+        "url": "https://www.jetbrains.com/help/rider/Stepping_Through_the_Program.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Debugging Apps with Xcode 15: Stepping through Code With Breakpoints",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u2GoZl7iotg",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "iMzYd8KUFnk6zqr4KecgX": {
+    "title": "Interface Builder",
+    "description": "Xcode Interface Builder is a visual design tool for creating user interfaces in iOS, macOS, watchOS, and tvOS applications. Key features include:\n\n1.  Drag-and-drop UI design: Easily add and arrange UI elements on the canvas.\n2.  Storyboards: Create and manage multiple screens and their connections.\n3.  Auto Layout: Set up adaptive layouts using constraints.\n4.  Size classes: Design interfaces for different device sizes and orientations.\n5.  Custom controls: Integrate custom UI components alongside system-provided ones.\n6.  IBOutlets and IBActions: Connect UI elements to code.\n7.  Preview: Visualize designs on different devices and orientations.\n8.  Accessibility inspector: Ensure UI elements are accessible.\n9.  Localization: Manage multiple language versions of the interface.\n\nInterface Builder integrates seamlessly with Xcode's coding environment, allowing developers to switch between visual design and code implementation. It supports both .xib files for individual view controllers and .storyboard files for more complex, multi-screen interfaces.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "iOS Storyboards: Getting Started",
+        "url": "https://www.kodeco.com/5055364-ios-storyboards-getting-started",
+        "type": "course"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "A bit about Interface Builder",
+        "url": "https://medium.com/swlh/a-bit-about-interface-builder-ceffaf484580",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Swift Interface Builder Xcode",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wf1MfPdBdNE",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "tuUuLInq0p-nhehe2AqPg": {
+    "title": "IBOutlets",
+    "description": "An outlet is a property of an object that references another object. The reference is archived through Interface Builder. The connections between the containing object and its outlets are reestablished every time the containing object is unarchived from its nib file. The containing object holds an outlet declared as a property with the type qualifier of IBOutlet and a weak option.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Outlets",
+        "url": "https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/documentation/General/Conceptual/CocoaEncyclopedia/Outlets/Outlets.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "FspN4yiBF9aEN7_SlXUe1": {
+    "title": "IBActions",
+    "description": "Xcode IBActions are methods that connect user interface elements to code, allowing the app to respond to user interactions. Key features include:\n\n1.  Definition: Declared as methods in view controller classes.\n2.  Connection: Made by ctrl-dragging from UI elements to code in Interface Builder.\n3.  Purpose: Handle user interactions like button taps, slider changes, etc.\n4.  Method signature: Can include a sender parameter of the interacting UI element's type.\n5.  Multiple connections: One IBAction can be connected to multiple UI elements.\n6.  Event types: Can be set to respond to specific events (e.g., touch up inside, value changed).\n7.  Naming convention: Often prefixed with 'ib' for clarity.\n8.  Refactoring support: Xcode updates connections when renaming.\n\nIBActions provide a clean way to separate UI logic from business logic, enhancing code organization. They allow developers to centralize the handling of user interactions, making it easier to manage and modify app behavior in response to user input.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "From outlets to actions: creating an IBAction",
+        "url": "https://www.hackingwithswift.com/read/2/5/from-outlets-to-actions-creating-an-ibaction",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "IBOutlet & IBAction",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ztPpThdBHT0",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "j2BL0sf3WjnJZZWa7cCjy": {
+    "title": "Auto layout",
+    "description": "Auto Layout dynamically calculates the size and position of all the views in your view hierarchy, based on constraints placed on those views. For example, you can constrain a button so that it is horizontally centered with an Image view and so that the button’s top edge always remains 8 points below the image’s bottom. If the image view’s size or position changes, the button’s position automatically adjusts to match.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:\n\n[@official@Understanding Auto Layout](https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/documentation/UserExperience/Conceptual/AutolayoutPG/index.html)",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "-7OW2IgiMk1eot1PaYd7m": {
+    "title": "UIKit",
+    "description": "UIKit is a fundamental framework for building user interfaces in iOS applications. It provides a comprehensive set of tools and pre-built components for creating and managing graphical interfaces, handling user interactions, and implementing app navigation. UIKit includes essential UI elements like buttons, labels, text fields, and table views, as well as controllers for managing view hierarchies and app structure. It also offers support for touch and gesture recognition, animation, and accessibility features. While SwiftUI is gaining popularity, UIKit remains crucial for iOS development due to its maturity, extensive documentation, and wide range of capabilities for creating polished, responsive user interfaces across Apple's mobile platforms.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "UIKit Documentation",
+        "url": "https://developer.apple.com/documentation/uikit",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Build Your First iOS App with UIKit",
+        "url": "https://daily.dev/blog/build-your-first-ios-app-with-uikit-beginners-guide",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Introduction to Programmatic UI - UIKit",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_U6_l58Cv4E",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "A1TFKVjGU5RbeTF_zxJlu": {
+    "title": "Components",
+    "description": "UIKit components are the building blocks of iOS user interfaces, offering a wide range of pre-designed elements for creating functional and visually appealing apps. These include basic controls like `UIButton`, `UILabel`, and `UITextField` for user input and display; container views such as `UITableView` and `UICollectionView` for organizing content; `UINavigationController` and `UITabBarController` for app navigation; and `UIAlertController` for displaying alerts and action sheets. UIKit also provides components for more specialized functions, like `UIImageView` for displaying images, `UIScrollView` for scrollable content, and `UIPickerView` for selection interfaces.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "UIKit Component Styling",
+        "url": "https://medium.com/@greenSyntax/uikit-component-styling-in-ios-ae218ae4823e",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Customizable UI Components on iOS Using UIKit",
+        "url": "https://pspdfkit.com/blog/2023/customizable-ui-components/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "se9w7mT1XJLGlmWUhH4Uv": {
+    "title": "Views",
+    "description": "UIKit views are the core visual elements in iOS interfaces, serving as the canvas for all user interface components. At its most basic, a view is an instance of UIView, representing a rectangular area on the screen. Views handle rendering content, laying out subviews, and responding to touch events. They can be nested to create complex layouts, with each view responsible for drawing and managing its own area. While some views display content directly, others act as containers for other views.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Views and Controls",
+        "url": "https://developer.apple.com/documentation/uikit/views_and_controls",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Performing iOS Animations On Views With UIKit And UIView",
+        "url": "https://www.smashingmagazine.com/2019/11/performing-ios-animations-views-uikit-uiview",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Intro to UIKit and UIViews",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w58ncTHKiK4",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "mfWdkUm1RhjygtMyInXiD": {
+    "title": "View Controllers",
+    "description": "UIKit View Controllers are central to iOS app architecture, managing a view hierarchy and coordinating the flow of data between the app's data model and its views. They handle the presentation and dismissal of content, respond to user interactions, and manage the lifecycle of their associated views. Key types include `UIViewController` for basic screen management, `UINavigationController` for hierarchical navigation, `UITabBarController` for tab-based interfaces, and `UITableViewController` for table-based content. View controllers are responsible for loading and unloading views, handling device rotation, and managing memory efficiently.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "View Controllers",
+        "url": "https://developer.apple.com/documentation/uikit/view_controllers",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "UIKit View Controllers",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WuSesaZcaMQ",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "GKuxilB0AwjcTgCSk3FeU": {
+    "title": "User Interactions",
+    "description": "UIKit User Interactions encompass the various ways users can engage with an iOS app's interface. This includes touch events (taps, swipes, pinches), gesture recognizers for complex interactions, and control events for UI elements like buttons and sliders. UIKit provides a robust event handling system, allowing developers to respond to user actions through target-action patterns, delegate methods, or closure-based callbacks. It also supports accessibility features, enabling interactions via VoiceOver and switch control.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Interactions",
+        "url": "https://developer.apple.com/documentation/uikit/uiview/2891054-interactions",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How do I handle user interactions in iOS apps?",
+        "url": "https://clouddevs.com/ios/user-interactions/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "0o3V_zveN1xCIt7rayrCF": {
+    "title": "Basic Interfaces",
+    "description": "UIKit Basic Interfaces refer to the fundamental user interface elements provided by the UIKit framework for creating standard iOS app layouts. These include navigation bars (UINavigationBar) for hierarchical navigation, tab bars (UITabBar) for switching between app sections, toolbars (UIToolbar) for displaying action buttons, and status bars for system information. Basic interfaces also encompass common screen layouts like list views (UITableView), grid layouts (UICollectionView), and scroll views (UIScrollView) for handling content that exceeds screen size. Mastering these basic interfaces ensures developers can create consistent, platform-native app experiences that users find familiar and intuitive, while providing a solid foundation for more complex UI designs.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "UINavigationBar",
+        "url": "https://developer.apple.com/documentation/uikit/uinavigationbar",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "UITabBar",
+        "url": "https://developer.apple.com/documentation/uikit/uitabbar",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "UIToolBar",
+        "url": "https://developer.apple.com/documentation/uikit/uitoolbar",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "UITableView",
+        "url": "https://developer.apple.com/documentation/uikit/uitableview",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "UICollectionView",
+        "url": "https://developer.apple.com/documentation/uikit/uicollectionview",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "a2CqrCJSxGfHq6_Y9f_re": {
+    "title": "Storyboards",
+    "description": "A storyboard is a visual representation of the user interface of an iOS application, showing screens of content and the connections between those screens. A storyboard is composed of a sequence of scenes, each of which represents a view controller and its views; scenes are connected by segue objects, which represent a transition between two view controllers.\n\nXcode provides a visual editor for storyboards, where you can lay out and design the user interface of your application by adding views such as buttons, table views, and text views onto scenes. In addition, a storyboard enables you to connect a view to its controller object, and to manage the transfer of data between view controllers. Using storyboards is the recommended way to design the user interface of your application because they enable you to visualize the appearance and flow of your user interface on one canvas.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Storyboard",
+        "url": "https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/documentation/General/Conceptual/Devpedia-CocoaApp/Storyboard.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "RwvC4Pi18_1phcrJL-9iu": {
+    "title": "Xibs",
+    "description": "UIKit Xibs (XML Interface Builder files) are resource files used to design individual view hierarchies or custom views in iOS development. Unlike Storyboards, which can represent an entire app's interface, Xibs typically focus on smaller, reusable UI components or single view controllers. They offer a visual way to create and layout UI elements, set up constraints, and configure properties without writing code. Xibs are particularly useful for creating custom table view cells, reusable views, or view controllers that need to be instantiated programmatically.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Building a Custom Component with XIB (iOS)",
+        "url": "https://medium.com/@fsamuelsmartins/building-a-custom-component-with-xib-ios-f712840b651c",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Working with XIBs and Storyboards",
+        "url": "https://entangleddev.com/posts/uikit/workingwithxibstoryboards/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "UITableView Tutorial with Custom Cells, XIB",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OOc-RhNQnLc",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "FXUrfyvuIIOH7VDnT_E0z": {
+    "title": "Navigation",
+    "description": "Navigation helps users easily find their way around an app and locate the information they need, minimizing confusion. Utilizing familiar navigation patterns can simplify complex interactions while preserving the app's unique character. Learn best practices and common pitfalls when working with tab bars, modals, and other navigation elements.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "WWDC2022: Explore navigation design for iOS",
+        "url": "https://developer.apple.com/videos/play/wwdc2022/10001/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "cwVcNDTBBulBY2m4Wzn4G": {
+    "title": "View Transitions",
+    "description": "UIKit View Transitions provide mechanisms for animating changes between different views or view states within an iOS app. These transitions can be used for presenting or dismissing view controllers, switching between views in a container, or updating the content of a single view. UIKit offers built-in transition styles like push, fade, and flip, as well as the ability to create custom transitions using animation controllers. Developers can use `UIView.transition(with:duration:options:animations:completion:)` for simple view changes or implement `UIViewControllerAnimatedTransitioning` for more complex, custom transitions between view controllers.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Kodeco - UIKit Transitions",
+        "url": "https://www.kodeco.com/books/ios-animations-by-tutorials/v6.0/chapters/5-transitions",
+        "type": "course"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "View Controller Transitions",
+        "url": "https://developer.apple.com/documentation/uikit/animation_and_haptics/view_controller_transitions",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "kAIKsDcDzwI1E0wSnC_uo": {
+    "title": "SwiftUI",
+    "description": "SwiftUI is Apple's modern declarative framework for building user interfaces across all Apple platforms. Introduced in 2019, it allows developers to create UIs using Swift code, describing the desired layout and behavior rather than implementing them imperatively. SwiftUI offers a more concise and intuitive approach to UI development, with features like automatic support for Dark Mode, dynamic type, and localization. It uses a state-driven approach, automatically updating the UI when underlying data changes. While newer than UIKit, SwiftUI is rapidly evolving and gaining adoption, offering seamless integration with UIKit when needed.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "SwiftUI Documentation",
+        "url": "https://developer.apple.com/xcode/swiftui/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Apple - SwiftUI Documentation",
+        "url": "https://developer.apple.com/documentation/SwiftUI?changes=latest_minor",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Build an iOS app with SwiftUI",
+        "url": "https://www.swift.org/getting-started/swiftui/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "WWDC24: SwiftUI essentials | Apple ",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HyQgpxX__-A",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "QVg4_8EXeQBJbleryy8c1": {
+    "title": "Declarative Syntax",
+    "description": "SwiftUI's declarative syntax allows developers to describe the desired UI state rather than the step-by-step process to achieve it. This approach uses Swift code to define what views should appear and how they should behave, with SwiftUI handling the underlying implementation details. Developers create views by combining and modifying smaller view components, using modifiers to adjust appearance and behavior. State management is integrated into this syntax, with UI automatically updating when state changes.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Declarative and Imperative Programming using SwiftUI and UIKit",
+        "url": "https://medium.com/@rmeji1/declarative-and-imperative-programming-using-swiftui-and-uikit-c91f1f104252",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Apple's SwiftUI Declarative Framework",
+        "url": "https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/apples-swiftui-declarative-framework-vivek-singh/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Imperative vs Declarative Programming",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yOBBkIJBEL8",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "xkH7Llut6uP2-8iTMw76F": {
+    "title": "Components",
+    "description": "Components are built by composing primitive views like Text, Image, and Button, along with container views such as VStack and HStack. They can accept parameters for customization and use `@State` and `@Binding` for internal state management and data flow. SwiftUI's modifiers allow for styling and behavior adjustments. Components can be extracted into separate files for reusability across the app. This approach encourages a modular design, improving code organization and maintainability.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Building Reusable SwiftUI Components",
+        "url": "https://peterfriese.github.io/Building-SwiftUI-Components-Tutorial/tutorials/tutorial-table-of-contents/",
+        "type": "course"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "SwiftUI Components",
+        "url": "https://designcode.io/swiftui-handbook-components",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Building SwiftUI Components",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLsnLd2esiGRTfzn8pq4ZMYyDsL8GEMZO8",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "RvyOkQelc-GChQGJyEx72": {
+    "title": "State Management",
+    "description": "SwiftUI state management revolves around property wrappers that handle different types of app state. `@State` is used for local view state, `@Binding` for sharing state between views, `@ObservedObject` for external reference type state, `@EnvironmentObject` for dependency injection across the view hierarchy, and `@StateObject` for creating and managing the lifecycle of observed objects. These tools, combined with SwiftUI's declarative syntax, enable reactive UI updates based on state changes. For more complex state management, developers often use architectural patterns like MVVM or libraries such as Combine.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Managing user interface state",
+        "url": "https://developer.apple.com/documentation/swiftui/managing-user-interface-state",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Apple Tutorials: State Management - Making classes observable",
+        "url": "https://developer.apple.com/tutorials/app-dev-training/making-classes-observable",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Apple Tutorials: State Management - Responding to events",
+        "url": "https://developer.apple.com/tutorials/app-dev-training/responding-to-events",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Apple Tutorials: State Management - Managing state and life cycle",
+        "url": "https://developer.apple.com/tutorials/app-dev-training/managing-state-and-life-cycle",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Apple Tutorials: State Management - Updating app data",
+        "url": "https://developer.apple.com/tutorials/app-dev-training/updating-app-data",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Advanced: SwiftUI State Management",
+        "url": "https://medium.com/@canakyildz/advanced-swiftui-state-management-3816d804477e",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "A Guide to Managing State in SwiftUI",
+        "url": "https://www.waldo.com/blog/manage-swiftui-state",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "yR94uHs0SiSScU4gPBzfr": {
+    "title": "Data binding",
+    "description": "SwiftUI data binding is a mechanism that creates a two-way connection between a piece of data and a UI element. It uses the `@Binding` property wrapper to allow child views to share and modify data owned by parent views. Bindings ensure that changes in data are immediately reflected in the UI and vice versa. They are typically created using the `$` prefix on a `@State` property. This approach facilitates the flow of data through an app's view hierarchy, enabling reactive UI updates and maintaining a single source of truth.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Binding",
+        "url": "https://developer.apple.com/documentation/swiftui/binding",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Apple Tutorials: Passing data with bindings",
+        "url": "https://developer.apple.com/tutorials/app-dev-training/passing-data-with-bindings",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How to use @Binding property wrapper in SwiftUI",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=btDMzB5x2Gs",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "SwiftUI - @Binding Property Wrapper Explained",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lgtB3WLEOYg",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "YvuYJceeNNfLBpq2-3iiL": {
+    "title": "Building Interfaces",
+    "description": "SwiftUI is Apple's modern framework for building user interfaces across all Apple platforms using Swift. It employs a declarative syntax where UI is described using Swift code, defining what should appear rather than how to create it. Xcode provides real-time previews of the UI as you code, enhancing the development experience. SwiftUI uses property wrappers like `@State` for managing UI state, and offers a flexible layout system with VStack, HStack, and ZStack. Complex UIs are built by composing smaller, reusable views, and data flow between views is managed using `@Binding` and `@ObservedObject`. The framework provides chainable modifiers for customizing view appearance and behavior, easy-to-implement declarative animations, and built-in support for common gestures. SwiftUI simplifies UI development by reducing boilerplate code and offering a more intuitive way to create responsive, adaptive interfaces that can target iOS, macOS, watchOS, and tvOS from a single codebase.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "ZStack",
+        "url": "https://developer.apple.com/documentation/swiftui/zstack",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "VStack",
+        "url": "https://developer.apple.com/documentation/swiftui/vstack",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "HStack",
+        "url": "https://developer.apple.com/documentation/swiftui/hstack",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "mgUCYztUpKINqIZikT4Bh": {
+    "title": "Views and Modifiers",
+    "description": "SwiftUI views and modifiers form the core of UI development in the framework. Views are structs conforming to the View protocol, representing visual elements of the interface. They are lightweight, value types that describe the content and layout. Modifiers are methods called on views to adjust their appearance or behavior, such as changing colors, adding padding, or attaching gestures. These modifiers return new view instances, allowing for a chain of modifications. SwiftUI uses a declarative approach where views and modifiers are composed to create complex UI elements. The system efficiently manages view updates and redraws based on state changes. Custom views can be easily created by combining existing views and modifiers, promoting code reuse and maintainability.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Views and modifiers: Documentation",
+        "url": "https://developer.apple.com/documentation/swiftui/viewmodifier",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Apple Tutorials: Views - Using stacks to arrange views",
+        "url": "https://developer.apple.com/tutorials/app-dev-training/using-stacks-to-arrange-views",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Apple Tutorials: Views - Creating a card view",
+        "url": "https://developer.apple.com/tutorials/app-dev-training/creating-a-card-view",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Apple Tutorials: Views - Displaying data in a list",
+        "url": "https://developer.apple.com/tutorials/app-dev-training/displaying-data-in-a-list",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Views and modifiers: Introduction",
+        "url": "https://www.hackingwithswift.com/books/ios-swiftui/views-and-modifiers-introduction",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "02VAK4GMkN6nDHf1zqwPA": {
+    "title": "Navigation",
+    "description": "SwiftUI navigation offers a declarative approach to managing app structure and flow, primarily utilizing NavigationView for creating hierarchies and NavigationLink for inter-view navigation. The framework supports both push-based navigation for hierarchical content and modal presentations for overlays, with programmatic navigation achieved through state management for dynamic, logic-driven navigation. SwiftUI automatically handles navigation bars, back buttons, and view transitions, while supporting customization of navigation bar appearances and titles. For tab-based interfaces, TabView facilitates the creation of multi-tab applications. This navigation system integrates seamlessly with SwiftUI's state management, ensuring consistent UI updates as navigation states change, thereby simplifying the implementation of complex navigation patterns while maintaining an intuitive user experience across Apple platforms.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "pointfreeco/swiftui-navigation",
+        "url": "https://github.com/pointfreeco/swiftui-navigation",
+        "type": "opensource"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Apple Tutorials: Navigation and modal presentation - Creating a navigation hierarchy",
+        "url": "https://developer.apple.com/tutorials/app-dev-training/creating-a-navigation-hierarchy",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Apple Tutorials: Navigation and modal presentation - Managing data flow between views",
+        "url": "https://developer.apple.com/tutorials/app-dev-training/managing-data-flow-between-views",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Apple Tutorials: Navigation and modal presentation - Creating the edit view",
+        "url": "https://developer.apple.com/tutorials/app-dev-training/creating-the-edit-view",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "The complete guide to NavigationView in SwiftUI",
+        "url": "https://www.hackingwithswift.com/articles/216/complete-guide-to-navigationview-in-swiftui",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "2tmR1yE5daz2HB4IV5qwI": {
+    "title": "View Transitions",
+    "description": "SwiftUI view transitions provide a fluid and intuitive way to animate changes in the user interface, enhancing the overall user experience. These transitions can be applied to individual views or entire view hierarchies, allowing developers to create smooth animations for appearance, disappearance, and modification of UI elements. SwiftUI offers a range of built-in transition effects, such as fade, move, and scale, which can be easily customized and combined to create more complex animations. By leveraging the `.transition()` modifier, developers can specify how views enter and exit the screen, while the `animation()` modifier controls the timing and style of these transitions.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Animating views and transitions ",
+        "url": "https://developer.apple.com/tutorials/swiftui/animating-views-and-transitions",
+        "type": "course"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How to add and remove views with a transition",
+        "url": "https://www.hackingwithswift.com/quick-start/swiftui/how-to-add-and-remove-views-with-a-transition",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "4fPgpGwNXmVoZoruBRb_B": {
+    "title": "UI Design",
+    "description": "UI Design in iOS development focuses on creating visually appealing and functional user interfaces that adhere to Apple's Human Interface Guidelines. It involves designing layouts, choosing appropriate color schemes, typography, and interactive elements that provide a seamless user experience. iOS designers use tools like Sketch, Figma, or Adobe XD to create mockups and prototypes. Key considerations include maintaining consistency with iOS design patterns, ensuring accessibility, supporting different device sizes and orientations, and implementing intuitive navigation. Effective iOS UI design balances aesthetic appeal with usability, leveraging native UI components and custom designs to create engaging, user-friendly applications that feel at home on Apple devices.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Design Patterns in iOS",
+        "url": "https://shreethaanur.medium.com/design-patterns-in-ios-55d00c2eef4c",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Sketch",
+        "url": "https://www.sketch.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Figma",
+        "url": "https://www.figma.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "1I5eFKqFVBxWLAXfpgNXO": {
+    "title": "HIG",
+    "description": "Human Interface Guidelines (HIG) by Apple are a set of recommendations and best practices for creating user interfaces on Apple devices. These guidelines help developers and designers create applications and interfaces that provide a high-quality experience and consistency with the Apple ecosystem.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Human Interface Guidelines",
+        "url": "https://developer.apple.com/design/human-interface-guidelines",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "pNEE5C1E1wAjH_nTlzH6N": {
+    "title": "UIKit",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "XX5rCd_yTHvOfYif4Kpbl": {
+    "title": "Views, View Controllers",
+    "description": "UIKit Views and View Controllers are fundamental components in iOS app development.\n\nViews (UIView) are the basic building blocks of user interfaces, representing rectangular areas that can display content and respond to user interactions. They can be customized, combined, and nested to create complex layouts. Common subclasses include UILabel, UIButton, and UIImageView.\n\nView Controllers (UIViewController) manage a set of views and coordinate the flow of data between the app's data model and the views. They handle view lifecycle, respond to user actions, and manage transitions between different parts of the user interface. View controllers are crucial for organizing app structure and maintaining separation of concerns in UIKit-based applications.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "UIView Documentation",
+        "url": "https://developer.apple.com/documentation/uikit/uiview",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "UIkit View Controllers",
+        "url": "https://developer.apple.com/documentation/uikit/view_controllers",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Intro to UIKit and UIViews",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w58ncTHKiK4",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "tUbMr1pGlw4JwMuW311JJ": {
+    "title": "Navigation Controllers, Segues",
+    "description": "UIKit Navigation Controllers and Segues are key components for managing app navigation:\n\nNavigation Controllers (`UINavigationController`) manage a stack of view controllers, providing a hierarchical interface for navigating content. They handle push and pop transitions between screens, maintain a navigation bar, and support back-navigation functionality.\n\nSegues are visual connections between view controllers in storyboards, defining transitions between scenes. They can be triggered programmatically or through user interactions. Types include push, modal, and custom segues. Segues simplify the process of passing data between view controllers during transitions.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "UINavigationController",
+        "url": "https://developer.apple.com/documentation/uikit/uinavigationcontroller",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How to Nav Bar Programmatically",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wcN3-E1_ZxU",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "mUMDZsgzCB6cs_K6pfUY1": {
+    "title": "Navigation Stacks",
+    "description": "UIKit Navigation Stacks, managed by UINavigationController, provide a hierarchical way to organize content in iOS apps. The stack operates on a last-in-first-out basis, where view controllers are pushed onto or popped from the top. The root view controller remains at the bottom, while subsequent screens are added above it. This structure allows for intuitive drill-down interfaces and easy back-navigation. Navigation stacks automatically handle transitions between view controllers, maintain a navigation bar with titles and back buttons, and can be customized for specific navigation patterns. They are fundamental to creating depth in app navigation, enabling users to traverse complex information hierarchies efficiently.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "gqd6zjxP_qFj4Ru-6LARo": {
+    "title": "Pushing Presenting",
+    "description": "Pushing adds a new view controller to the top of the navigation stack, ideal for hierarchical navigation. It's done using navigationController?.pushViewController(\\_:animated:), which slides the new view in from the right and adds a back button.\n\nPresenting displays a view controller modally, often covering the entire screen or as a sheet. It's achieved using present(\\_:animated:completion:), suitable for temporary or standalone content.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "presentViewController vs pushViewController",
+        "url": "https://github.com/russell-archer/ModalStylesDemo",
+        "type": "opensource"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Pushing, Popping, Presenting, & Dismissing ViewControllers",
+        "url": "https://medium.com/@felicity.johnson.mail/pushing-popping-dismissing-viewcontrollers-a30e98731df5",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "UINavigationController.PushViewController",
+        "url": "https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/api/uikit.uinavigationcontroller.pushviewcontroller?view=xamarin-ios-sdk-12",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "jb89kQxDhZND3vQo0EH7r": {
+    "title": "Modals and Navigation",
+    "description": "UIKit navigation stacks support both modal presentations and hierarchical navigation:\n\nModal presentations temporarily overlay new content using present(\\_:animated:completion:). They're suitable for self-contained tasks or information that doesn't fit the main navigation hierarchy.\n\nHierarchical navigation uses push and pop operations on the navigation stack. pushViewController(\\_:animated:) adds a new screen, while popViewController(animated:) returns to the previous one.\n\nThese can be combined: a modal can contain its own navigation stack, or a screen in the main navigation can present a modal. This flexibility allows developers to create complex navigation patterns that maintain clarity and context for users, adapting to various app structures and user flow requirements.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "animate(withDuration:animations:completion:)",
+        "url": "https://developer.apple.com/documentation/uikit/uiview/1622515-animate",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "@officialpushViewController",
+        "url": "https://developer.apple.com/documentation/uikit/uinavigationcontroller/1621887-pushviewcontroller",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "UIKit Programmatic Navigation",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c0YSGtFmik8",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "PvFp6aY7EUrYHn87RZAGj": {
+    "title": "SwiftUI",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "TLm70PlTI0K3Odn1iYxWX": {
+    "title": "Navigation Stacks",
+    "description": "iOS 16 introduced a new concept of navigating through SiwftUI apps: NavigationStack. NavigationStack is data-driven, meaning that you specify navigationDestinations for each data type (models) that your app supports. These destinations are defined once for each NavigationStack and are valid throughout the app. Navigation itself is handled through the NavigationLink View, which allows setting a label and a value (your model).\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "NavigationStack",
+        "url": "https://developer.apple.com/documentation/swiftui/navigationstack",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "NavigationStack",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DMsALlhObNk",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "IBr2P7dknWTnZ2a-fFCqN": {
+    "title": "Navigation View",
+    "description": "A view for presenting a stack of views that represents a visible path in a navigation hierarchy. Use a NavigationView to create a navigation-based app in which the user can traverse a collection of views. Users navigate to a destination view by selecting a NavigationLink that you provide. On iPadOS and macOS, the destination content appears in the next column. Other platforms push a new view onto the stack, and enable removing items from the stack with platform-specific controls, like a Back button or a swipe gesture.\n\n> \\[!WARNING\\] Deprecated. Use NavigationStack and NavigationSplitView instead. For more information, see Migrating to new navigation types.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Navigation View",
+        "url": "https://developer.apple.com/documentation/swiftui/navigationview",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "my77jLU2qxU7bQ7_Fx2iH": {
+    "title": "NavigationLink",
+    "description": "NavigationLink is a SwiftUI component used to create navigation hierarchies within an app. It enables developers to define navigation paths between views, typically within a NavigationView. When tapped, a NavigationLink pushes a new view onto the navigation stack. It can be configured with a destination view and optional label, allowing for customizable navigation buttons or entire rows in lists to become navigable. NavigationLink supports programmatic navigation through bindings, enabling dynamic navigation based on app state.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "NavigationLink Documentation",
+        "url": "https://developer.apple.com/documentation/swiftui/navigationlink",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Displaying a detail screen with NavigationLink",
+        "url": "https://www.hackingwithswift.com/quick-start/swiftui/displaying-a-detail-screen-with-navigationlink",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Displaying a detail screen with NavigationLink",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yGqmf8hnC8U",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "4pmjLa7WvwV7D3RZlM6Hp": {
+    "title": "Presenting / Dismissing views",
+    "description": "SwiftUI offers several methods for presenting and dismissing views, providing flexible options for modal presentations and navigation. Sheets can be presented using the .sheet() modifier, allowing full or partial screen overlays. For alerts and action sheets, .alert() and .actionSheet() modifiers are used. Popovers are created with the .popover() modifier, typically for iPad interfaces. Full-screen covers use the .fullScreenCover() modifier.\n\nTo dismiss these presented views, SwiftUI uses the @Environment(.presentationMode) property wrapper, allowing views to dismiss themselves. For navigation-based presentations, NavigationLink handles showing new views, while the .navigationBarItems() modifier can add dismiss functionality. These tools enable developers to create diverse and interactive user interfaces with smooth transitions between different view states.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "dismiss Documentation",
+        "url": "https://developer.apple.com/documentation/swiftui/environmentvalues/dismiss",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "https://developer.apple.com/documentation/swiftui/view/sheet(ispresented:ondismiss:content:)",
+        "url": "https://developer.apple.com/documentation/swiftui/view/sheet(ispresented:ondismiss:content:)",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How to present a new view using sheets",
+        "url": "https://www.hackingwithswift.com/quick-start/swiftui/how-to-present-a-new-view-using-sheets",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How to make a view dismiss itself",
+        "url": "https://www.hackingwithswift.com/quick-start/swiftui/how-to-make-a-view-dismiss-itself",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "KpcmuLWX0xAjz6ty4ebtB": {
+    "title": "Core Animation",
+    "description": "Core Animation is a robust animation framework in iOS that enables developers to create smooth and visually engaging animations. It provides a simple yet powerful API for animating views and other visual elements, allowing for complex motion effects with minimal code. Core Animation handles the rendering and compositing of animated content efficiently, ensuring high performance and fluid user experiences in applications.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Core Animation Documentation",
+        "url": "https://developer.apple.com/documentation/quartzcore",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Introduction to Core Animation",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=93bfh3GK79s",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "w0i5Dxp40XS2HnF5nXeZI": {
+    "title": "Basics / Creating Animations",
+    "description": "Creating animations with Core Animation involves manipulating `CALayer` properties over time. Developers can use `CABasicAnimation` for simple property changes, or `CAKeyframeAnimation` for more complex, multi-step animations. Animations are added to layers using the `addAnimation(_:forKey:)` method. Common properties animated include position, bounds, transform, and opacity. Core Animation provides timing functions to control the pace of animations, and allows for grouping multiple animations using `CAAnimationGroup`. For view-level animations, UIView's animate methods serve as a convenient wrapper around Core Animation.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "CALayer Documentation",
+        "url": "https://developer.apple.com/documentation/quartzcore/calayer",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "CAKeyframeAnimation Documentation",
+        "url": "https://developer.apple.com/documentation/quartzcore/cakeyframeanimation",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "https://developer.apple.com/documentation/quartzcore/cabasicanimation",
+        "url": "https://developer.apple.com/documentation/quartzcore/cabasicanimation",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is CALayer?",
+        "url": "https://www.hackingwithswift.com/example-code/calayer/what-is-calayer",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "i-T6GTqS0FZ_Llt5v4SvR": {
+    "title": "Lottie",
+    "description": "Lottie is a cross-platform library for iOS, macOS, tvOS, visionOS, Android, and Web that natively renders vector-based animations and art in realtime with minimal code. Lottie loads and renders animations and vectors exported in the bodymovin JSON format. Bodymovin JSON can be created and exported from After Effects with bodymovin, Sketch with Lottie Sketch Export, and from Haiku.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Lottie for iOS",
+        "url": "https://github.com/airbnb/lottie-ios",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How to Add Lottie Animations in iOS Apps",
+        "url": "https://lottiefiles.com/blog/working-with-lottie-animations/how-to-add-lottie-animation-ios-app-swift",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Lottie, with official support for SwiftUI",
+        "url": "https://github.com/airbnb/lottie-ios/discussions/2189",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "a-QDI7Ei-B5BRHbicFcfG": {
+    "title": "MVC",
+    "description": "The Model-View-Controller (MVC) design pattern assigns objects in an application one of three roles: model, view, or controller. The pattern defines not only the roles objects play in the application, it defines the way objects communicate with each other. Each of the three types of objects is separated from the others by abstract boundaries and communicates with objects of the other types across those boundaries. The collection of objects of a certain MVC type in an application is sometimes referred to as a layer—for example, model layer.\n\nMVC is central to a good design for a Cocoa application. The benefits of adopting this pattern are numerous. Many objects in these applications tend to be more reusable, and their interfaces tend to be better defined. Applications having an MVC design are also more easily extensible than other applications. Moreover, many Cocoa technologies and architectures are based on MVC and require that your custom objects play one of the MVC roles\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Model-View-Controller",
+        "url": "https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/documentation/General/Conceptual/DevPedia-CocoaCore/MVC.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Model-View-Controller",
+        "url": "https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/documentation/General/Conceptual/CocoaEncyclopedia/Model-View-Controller/Model-View-Controller.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "MVC in iOS – A Modern Approach",
+        "url": "https://www.kodeco.com/1000705-model-view-controller-mvc-in-ios-a-modern-approach",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "lVNrnUK6p4eifKRVSnOje": {
+    "title": "MVP",
+    "description": "The Model-View-Presenter (MVP) architectural pattern is a derivative of the Model-View-Controller (MVC) pattern, designed to improve separation of concerns and testability in iOS applications.\n\nIn MVP:\n\n**Model**: Represents the data and business logic.\n\n**View**: Responsible for displaying data and capturing user inputs. It's typically passive and doesn't contain business logic.\n\n**Presenter**: Acts as an intermediary between Model and View. It retrieves data from the Model, formats it for the View, and reacts to user inputs from the View.\n\nMVP reduces the responsibilities of the View compared to MVC, making the UI layer thinner and more easily testable. The Presenter contains the presentation logic and is usually paired with a specific View, facilitating unit testing of the user interface logic without needing to interact with the UI components directly.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "MVP Wikipedia",
+        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Model%E2%80%93view%E2%80%93presenter",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Discover the MVP architecture in less than 90 seconds",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DUX0nr5rvnU",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "taTxZw2c3xS18JOwgkNHM": {
+    "title": "MVVM",
+    "description": "The Model-View-ViewModel (MVVM) architectural pattern is a design approach that separates an application's user interface logic from its business logic. In iOS development:\n\n**Model**: Represents data and business logic, independent of the UI.\n\n**View**: Displays information and captures user input. In iOS, this is typically a UIView or UIViewController.\n\n**ViewModel**: Acts as an intermediary between Model and View, containing the presentation logic and state. It exposes data and commands for the View to bind to.\n\nMVVM promotes a clear separation of concerns, enhances testability, and facilitates data binding. The ViewModel transforms Model information for View consumption and handles View-related logic, making the View as passive as possible.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-xTqfilaYow",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-xTqfilaYow",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Understanding MVVM: Model-View-ViewModel Architecture Explained",
+        "url": "https://www.ramotion.com/blog/what-is-mvvm/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "MVVM - Wikipedia",
+        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Model%E2%80%93view%E2%80%93viewmodel",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "MVVM - Microsoft",
+        "url": "https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/architecture/maui/mvvm",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "iLT2jAkQg-Ex0zSLquNfl": {
+    "title": "MVVM-C",
+    "description": "MVVM-C (Model-View-ViewModel-Coordinator) is an extension of the MVVM architectural pattern that adds a Coordinator component to manage navigation flow and app structure. In this pattern:\n\nModel, View, and ViewModel retain their roles from MVVM.\n\n**Coordinator**: Handles navigation logic and flow between different screens or modules of the app.\n\nThe Coordinator pattern decouples view controllers from each other, centralizing navigation logic. This approach simplifies view controllers, improves modularity, and makes it easier to change or reuse flows within the app. Coordinators can be nested for complex navigation hierarchies.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "iOS Architecture: MVVM-C, Introduction",
+        "url": "https://medium.com/sudo-by-icalia-labs/ios-architecture-mvvm-c-introduction-1-6-815204248518",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Everything you need to know about client arthitecture patterns",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I5c7fBgvkNY",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "mTdnDPGYSDupM9VBNdXRg": {
+    "title": "VIPER",
+    "description": "VIPER (View, Interactor, Presenter, Entity, Router) is an architectural pattern for iOS applications that adheres to clean architecture principles. It breaks down app components into five distinct roles:\n\n**View**: Displays information and sends user actions to the Presenter.\n\n**Interactor**: Contains business logic and data manipulation.\n\n**Presenter**: Mediates between View and Interactor, formats data for display.\n\n**Entity**: Represents basic model objects used by the Interactor.\n\n**Router**: Handles navigation logic between modules.\n\nVIPER aims to create a clear separation of concerns, improving testability and maintainability. It's particularly useful for large, complex applications where scalability is crucial.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Understanding VIPER Architecture",
+        "url": "https://medium.com/@pinarkocak/understanding-viper-pattern-619fa9a0b1f1",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Getting Started with the VIPER Architecture Pattern for iOS Application Development",
+        "url": "https://dev.to/marwan8/getting-started-with-the-viper-architecture-pattern-for-ios-application-development-2oee",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Swift: VIPER Design Pattern",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hFLdbWEE3_Y",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "NhC0SBZgUFGjMLNICvbTI": {
+    "title": "TCA",
+    "description": "The Composable Architecture (TCA) is a library and architectural pattern for building iOS applications, developed by Point-Free. It emphasizes:\n\n**State management**: All app state is centralized and clearly defined.\n\n**Composability**: Complex features are built from smaller, reusable components.\n\n**Side effect management**: Effects like network calls are handled predictably and testably.\n\n**Testing**: The architecture facilitates comprehensive unit and integration testing.\n\nTCA uses a unidirectional data flow, where state changes trigger actions, which may produce effects and lead to new states. It relies on Swift's value types and function composition to create a predictable and maintainable app structure.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "The Composable architecture",
+        "url": "https://github.com/pointfreeco/swift-composable-architecture",
+        "type": "opensource"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "The Composable Architecture: Swift guide to TCA",
+        "url": "https://medium.com/@dmitrylupich/the-composable-architecture-swift-guide-to-tca-c3bf9b2e86ef",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Shai Mishali - A Newbie's Guide to The Composable Architecture",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XWZmgbylTpc",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "ajPGMwoaFb1UFWTtpi5kd": {
+    "title": "Architectural Patterns",
+    "description": "iOS development architectural patterns are structured approaches to organizing code for better maintainability, testability, and scalability. Each pattern has its strengths, and the choice often depends on project size, complexity, and team preferences. Understanding these patterns helps developers create more organized, maintainable iOS applications.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "28HMXXBJWd3n-ZPgeQRDa": {
+    "title": "Reactive Programming",
+    "description": "Reactive Programming is a declarative programming paradigm focused on data streams and the propagation of change. It emphasizes the automatic distribution of changes through data flows. Key concepts include observable streams of data, operators to transform and combine streams, and subscribers that react to stream changes. This approach allows for handling asynchronous data flows, managing complex event sequences, and building responsive user interfaces. In iOS development, frameworks like Combine (Apple's native solution) and RxSwift implement reactive principles.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is reactive programming?",
+        "url": "https://www.baeldung.com/cs/reactive-programming#:~:text=Reactive%20programming%20is%20a%20declarative,or%20reactive%20systems%20in%20general.",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is reactive programming?",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X-DeG_uGFUU",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "UzpdLLPs226N00c6weWRv": {
+    "title": "Combine",
+    "description": "Combine is Apple's built-in framework for reactive programming, using the same publisher-subscriber pattern as most modern approaches to this issue. Combine introduces the concept of a `Cancellable` (i.e. a subscription) and many different operators to use on these Cancellables. When writing Combine code, developers will notice complex generic types. For this reason, type-erasure can be done through `AnyCancellable`.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Combine",
+        "url": "https://developer.apple.com/documentation/combine",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Understanding Combine",
+        "url": "https://youtu.be/rz0yx0Qz2jE",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "noBaDV_PvCTzqPyw9eO4H": {
+    "title": "Publishers / Subscribers",
+    "description": "The Combine framework in iOS uses Publishers and Subscribers as core components for reactive programming. Publishers are types that can emit a sequence of values over time, representing sources of asynchronous events or data. Subscribers receive and process these values, defining how to handle the published data. Publishers can emit multiple values, complete successfully, or terminate with an error. Subscribers can receive and react to these events, often updating UI or triggering further operations.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Combine Publishers & Subscribers",
+        "url": "https://www.kodeco.com/books/combine-asynchronous-programming-with-swift/v2.0/chapters/2-publishers-subscribers",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Processing Published Elements with Subscribers",
+        "url": "https://developer.apple.com/documentation/combine/processing-published-elements-with-subscribers",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Combine - Publishers and Subscribers Lifecycles and Error Handling",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4WQskqNHxhQ",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "GAn12SsVR_mPxOaOVckdz": {
+    "title": "Operators & Pipelines",
+    "description": "The Combine framework uses operators and pipelines to process and transform data streams. Operators are methods that perform operations on publishers, such as filtering, mapping, or combining data. Pipelines are chains of these operators that process data from its source to its final destination. Common operators include `map`, `filter`, `reduce`, and `merge`. Pipelines allow developers to declaratively describe complex asynchronous operations, handling tasks like data transformation, error management, and combining multiple data sources. This approach simplifies handling of asynchronous events and state changes, enabling more robust and maintainable code in iOS applications.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Swift Combine — Combine Operators & Filtering Operators",
+        "url": "https://nikunj-joshi.medium.com/swift-combine-introduction-to-combine-operators-filtering-operators-510d962b95f2",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Custom Operators in Swift Combine",
+        "url": "https://bignerdranch.com/blog/custom-operators-in-swift-combine/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How to master Combine like a Pro – The Operators",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-NDFLP7Aqeg",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "pY_zaMcFpeFDLgVk2W0Vy": {
+    "title": "Combine and MVVM",
+    "description": "Combine and MVVM (Model-View-ViewModel) form a powerful combination in iOS development. Combine's reactive approach complements MVVM's separation of concerns. In this pairing, ViewModels use Combine publishers to expose data streams to Views, which subscribe to these streams for reactive UI updates. Models can publish changes through Combine, which ViewModels then process and transform. This setup allows for clean, declarative bindings between Views and ViewModels, reducing boilerplate code and improving testability. Combine's operators facilitate complex data transformations within ViewModels, while its handling of asynchronous operations simplifies tasks like network requests.\n\nLearn more from the following resoureces:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "MVVM Design Pattern with Combine Framework",
+        "url": "https://medium.com/@mshcheglov/mvvm-design-pattern-with-combine-framework-on-ios-5ff911011b0b",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "MVVM and Combine",
+        "url": "https://betterprogramming.pub/uikit-mvvm-combine-912c80c02262",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "MVVM Combine Swift (2022)",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KK6ryBmTKHg",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "0xwoWj9jek36p1AwU3WkK": {
+    "title": "RxSwift",
+    "description": "RxSwift is a reactive programming library for iOS development, implementing ReactiveX (Rx) principles in Swift. It provides a framework for composing asynchronous and event-based programs using observable sequences. RxSwift facilitates the handling of asynchronous data streams, simplifying tasks like network requests, user interface events, and data binding. It offers a rich set of operators for transforming, combining, and filtering data streams. The library promotes a declarative programming style, reducing complexities in managing state and dependencies. While similar to Apple's Combine framework, RxSwift has broader platform support and a larger ecosystem.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "RxSwift Documentation",
+        "url": "https://github.com/ReactiveX/RxSwift",
+        "type": "opensource"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "ReactiveX Documentation",
+        "url": "https://reactivex.io/intro.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "RxSwift Basics",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ES5RuLSv61g",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "k232wKg7XCb_ngjZ5Mwsy": {
+    "title": "Observables & observers",
+    "description": "RxSwift Observables and Observers form the core of its reactive paradigm. Observables represent sequences of data or events over time, emitting items to subscribed Observers. Observers react to these emissions, handling new values, errors, or completion signals. This pattern allows for decoupling of data production from consumption, facilitating asynchronous programming. Observables can represent various data sources like UI events, network responses, or timer ticks. Observers can be chained with operators to transform or filter data streams. This approach simplifies complex asynchronous operations, making code more readable and maintainable.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "RxSwift Documentation - Observables",
+        "url": "https://github.com/ReactiveX/RxSwift/blob/main/Documentation/GettingStarted.md#observables-aka-sequences",
+        "type": "opensource"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "RxSwift - Observables",
+        "url": "https://medium.com/@priya_talreja/rxswift-observables-7809b474aab",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Creating Observables",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h59te-_rVYg",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "1xYZdnlI6JSJzNvmz4-0v": {
+    "title": "Subjects",
+    "description": "RxSwift Subjects are a special type of Observable that act as both an observer and an observable. They can receive and emit values, serving as a bridge between the imperative and reactive programming paradigms. Subjects allow multiple observers to react to the same source of emitted items. RxSwift provides several types of Subjects, including PublishSubject (emits only new elements), BehaviorSubject (emits the latest element to new subscribers), ReplaySubject (buffers and re-emits a specified number of elements), and Variable (a deprecated wrapper around BehaviorSubject).\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "RxSwift Subjects Reference",
+        "url": "https://docs.rxswift.org/rxswift/subjects",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "RxSwift Subjects",
+        "url": "https://medium.com/@jhalekhnish/rxswift-subjects-45f65649aee6",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "ReactiveX Subject Documentation",
+        "url": "https://reactivex.io/documentation/subject.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "g_1f5a6tIB5V_36NjgtL5": {
+    "title": "RxSwift with MVVM",
+    "description": "RxSwift integrates seamlessly with the MVVM (Model-View-ViewModel) architecture in iOS development. In this combination, ViewModels expose Observable properties that Views can bind to, creating a reactive data flow. Models emit data changes through Observables, which ViewModels transform and expose to Views. This setup allows for clean, declarative bindings between Views and ViewModels, reducing boilerplate code and improving testability. RxSwift's operators facilitate complex data transformations within ViewModels, while its Subjects can handle user inputs.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "MVVM with RxSwift",
+        "url": "https://github.com/yokurin/RxSwift-MVVM-iOS",
+        "type": "opensource"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How to use RxSwift with MVVM Pattern",
+        "url": "https://www.vincit.com/blog/how-to-use-rxswift-with-mvvm-pattern",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Implementing MVVM With RxSwift",
+        "url": "https://betterprogramming.pub/ios-mvvm-with-rxswift-part-1-ff9f8102a3c9",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "t7IYTY8tVjC_xzM1n8wts": {
+    "title": "Operators",
+    "description": "RxSwift operators are functions that process, transform, or combine observable sequences. They allow developers to manipulate data streams in powerful ways. Common operators include map (transform elements), filter (select elements based on criteria), flatMap (transform elements into new observables), merge (combine multiple observables), and debounce (limit emission rate). Operators can be chained to create complex data processing pipelines. They handle tasks like error management, retrying failed operations, and combining asynchronous operations.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Interactive diagrams of Rx Observables",
+        "url": "https://rxmarbles.com/",
+        "type": "course"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Mastering RxSwift Operators",
+        "url": "https://medium.com/@mumensh/mastering-rxswift-operators-e66bd8ef5933",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "UqA01PT86_w_JzN6KZBku": {
+    "title": "Schedulers",
+    "description": "RxSwift Schedulers manage the execution context of observable sequences and observers. They determine when and on which thread observables emit items and observers receive them. Key schedulers include MainScheduler (for UI operations), SerialDispatchQueueScheduler (for background serial work), and ConcurrentDispatchQueueScheduler (for concurrent background tasks). Schedulers enable fine-grained control over concurrency, allowing developers to optimize performance and maintain thread safety. They're crucial for operations like offloading heavy computations from the main thread or ensuring UI updates occur on the main thread.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "RxSwift Scheduler Documentation",
+        "url": "https://github.com/ReactiveX/RxSwift/blob/main/Documentation/Schedulers.md",
+        "type": "opensource"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "ReactiveX Scheduler Documentation",
+        "url": "https://reactivex.io/documentation/scheduler.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "RxSwift Schedulers",
+        "url": "https://docs.rxswift.org/rxswift/schedulers",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "BtPYKd7RedHOLRATDKkpg": {
+    "title": "Delegate Pattern",
+    "description": "The delegate pattern is a widely used design pattern in iOS development that facilitates communication between objects in a flexible and decoupled manner. It allows one object to delegate certain responsibilities or decisions to another object, typically through a protocol. This pattern is particularly useful for handling events or customizing behavior without creating tight dependencies between classes. In implementation, a delegate protocol defines methods that the delegating object can call, while the delegate object conforms to this protocol and provides specific implementations. This approach promotes loose coupling, enhances reusability, and allows for easy customization of component behavior. The delegate pattern is extensively used in UIKit for handling user interactions, data source management, and event callbacks, making it a fundamental concept in iOS app architecture and design.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Mastering Swift Delegates",
+        "url": "https://www.dhiwise.com/post/mastering-swift-delegates-a-comprehensive-guide",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "A Step-by-Step Guide to the Delegate Pattern in Swift",
+        "url": "https://medium.com/@afonso.script.sol/a-step-by-step-guide-to-the-delegate-pattern-in-swift-91a28de1baf8",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Swift Delegate Protocol Pattern Tutorial 2023",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qiOKO8ta1n4",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "z3AUN9u7EEqeKOqvLxf7D": {
+    "title": "Implementing Delegates",
+    "description": "Implementing delegates in Swift involves creating a protocol that defines the methods the delegate should implement, and then using this protocol to establish a communication channel between objects. The process typically begins with defining a protocol that outlines the required and optional methods. Next, a weak delegate property is declared in the delegating class to avoid retain cycles. The delegating class then calls the delegate methods at appropriate times, often in response to specific events or state changes. On the delegate side, the class conforms to the protocol and implements the required methods, providing custom behavior as needed. This implementation allows for flexible and reusable code, as the delegating object doesn't need to know the specific type of its delegate, only that it conforms to the protocol.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Delegates in Swift",
+        "url": "https://medium.com/@muhammad.cse11/delegates-in-swift-ios-application-6dfb37897f9b",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is a delegate in Swift",
+        "url": "https://www.hackingwithswift.com/example-code/language/what-is-a-delegate-in-ios",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Delegate protocol - Swift example",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z9eSUE-lzig",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "qJEd7KU52xL_GRG3IQqhM": {
+    "title": "Callbacks",
+    "description": "Callbacks in Swift provide a mechanism for asynchronous communication between different parts of an application. They allow a function to pass control back to the caller once a task is completed, making them particularly useful for handling time-consuming operations or events that occur at unpredictable times. In Swift, callbacks are often implemented using closures, which are self-contained blocks of functionality that can be passed around and executed later. This approach is commonly used in network operations, user interface events, and any scenario where the result of an operation isn't immediately available.\n\nWhile simple to implement for basic use cases, callbacks can lead to complex nested structures (often referred to as \"callback hell\") in more intricate scenarios. To mitigate this, Swift offers more advanced patterns like completion handlers, promises, and async/await syntax, which provide cleaner ways to handle asynchronous operations while maintaining the core concept of passing control back to the caller upon completion.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Use callback in swift (UIKit)",
+        "url": "https://medium.com/@ravenst/use-callback-in-swift-uikit-7d5a85d37c9e",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "M9UlalPL47GoqhcyGsAPV": {
+    "title": "Closures",
+    "description": "Callback closures in Swift are a powerful and flexible way to handle asynchronous operations and event-driven programming. These closures are functions passed as arguments to other functions, which can be executed once a specific task or operation is completed. They allow for non-blocking execution of code, enabling the program to continue running while waiting for long-running tasks to finish. Callback closures are particularly useful in scenarios like network requests, file I/O operations, or user interface events. Swift's syntax for closures makes them concise and easy to use, with features like trailing closure syntax and capture lists for managing memory. While callback closures offer great flexibility, they can lead to nested code structures in complex scenarios, which has led to the development of more advanced patterns like promises and async/await to manage asynchronous code more elegantly.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "5V7nxQKmmHWSMSBCRxkaF": {
+    "title": "Understanding and using Closures",
+    "description": "Closures in Swift are self-contained blocks of functionality that can be passed around and used in your code. They capture and store references to variables and constants from the surrounding context in which they're defined. Closures can be thought of as anonymous functions, capable of being assigned to variables, passed as arguments to functions, or returned from functions. They are particularly useful for writing compact, inline code for event handlers, completion handlers, and higher-order functions like map, filter, and reduce. Swift's closure syntax is flexible, allowing for shorthand argument names, implicit returns, and trailing closure syntax, which can significantly reduce boilerplate code. Understanding closures is crucial for effective Swift programming, as they are extensively used in iOS SDK and SwiftUI for handling asynchronous operations, callbacks, and reactive programming patterns.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Swift Closures",
+        "url": "https://www.programiz.com/swift-programming/closures",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "A guide to closures in Swift",
+        "url": "https://medium.com/swiftable/a-guide-to-closures-in-swift-368e6aca6d71",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Introduction to Swift Closures",
+        "url": "https://codewithchris.com/introduction-to-swift-closures-in-2023/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "S-D-PnHA7COd2Dp6U2XO4": {
+    "title": "Capturing Values & Memory Mgmt.",
+    "description": "Capturing values in closures is a powerful feature in Swift that allows closures to access and retain variables from their surrounding context. When a closure captures a value, it creates a strong reference to that value, potentially extending its lifetime beyond its original scope. This behavior is crucial for maintaining state in asynchronous operations but can lead to memory management challenges if not handled carefully. Swift provides capture lists to explicitly define how values should be captured, allowing developers to specify weak or unowned references to avoid retain cycles. Proper management of captured values is essential for preventing memory leaks, especially in scenarios involving self-referential closures or delegate patterns. Understanding the implications of value capture and employing appropriate memory management techniques ensures efficient and leak-free use of closures in Swift applications, particularly in complex asynchronous and event-driven programming scenarios.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Capture lists in Swift",
+        "url": "https://www.hackingwithswift.com/articles/179/capture-lists-in-swift-whats-the-difference-between-weak-strong-and-unowned-references",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Swift’s closure capturing mechanics",
+        "url": "https://www.swiftbysundell.com/articles/swifts-closure-capturing-mechanics/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "WhOpzFvv21QQV3aS6XbXr": {
+    "title": "Callback Hell",
+    "description": "Callback hell, also known as the pyramid of doom, is a common issue in asynchronous programming where multiple nested callbacks create code that is difficult to read, understand, and maintain. This problem typically arises when dealing with multiple asynchronous operations that depend on each other's results. As callbacks are nested within callbacks, the code structure becomes deeply indented, resembling a pyramid shape. This nesting not only hampers code readability but also makes error handling and flow control more complex. To mitigate callback hell, developers often employ techniques such as modularizing code, using named functions instead of anonymous closures, or adopting more advanced asynchronous patterns. Modern Swift development addresses this issue through the use of promises, futures, completion handlers, and most recently, the async/await pattern, which provides a more linear and readable approach to handling asynchronous operations.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Avoiding callback hell in Swift",
+        "url": "https://swiftrocks.com/avoiding-callback-hell-in-swift",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Say Goodbye to Callback Hell: A Beginner’s Guide to Async/Await in Swift",
+        "url": "https://medium.com/@asumahbanda3/say-goodbye-to-callback-hell-a-beginners-guide-to-async-await-in-swift-4c3230183218",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is JavaScript Callback Hell?",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NOlOw03qBfw",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "ysaBCl_TtWqelirptQp7P": {
+    "title": "Async / Await",
+    "description": "Async/await in Swift is a modern approach to handling asynchronous operations, introduced to simplify complex asynchronous code and mitigate the challenges of callback-based programming. This feature allows developers to write asynchronous code that looks and behaves like synchronous code, improving readability and maintainability. The 'async' keyword marks functions that can be suspended and resumed, while 'await' is used to call these functions and wait for their completion without blocking the entire thread. This pattern integrates seamlessly with Swift's error handling mechanism, allowing for more natural try-catch blocks in asynchronous contexts. Async/await works with Swift's structured concurrency system, including tasks and actors, to manage complex asynchronous operations more easily.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Async await in Swift explained with code examples",
+        "url": "https://www.avanderlee.com/swift/async-await/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Swift async await",
+        "url": "https://www.hackingwithswift.com/swift/5.5/async-await",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Meet async/await in Swift",
+        "url": "https://developer.apple.com/videos/play/wwdc2021/10132/",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "-aLGB3cDXZHIhVU3t-Ve4": {
+    "title": "Concurrency",
+    "description": "Swift's concurrency model centers on async/await syntax, allowing asynchronous code to be written in a clear, sequential manner. It employs actors to manage shared mutable state safely, and the Task API for handling concurrent work. Structured concurrency ensures proper task lifecycle management. The language also offers async sequences and streams for working with asynchronous data, and the Sendable protocol to guarantee thread-safe data sharing. This comprehensive approach enables developers to write efficient, safe concurrent code while minimizing common issues like race conditions and deadlocks.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Swift Documentation (How to interact)",
+        "url": "https://docs.swift.org/swift-book/documentation/the-swift-programming-language/concurrency/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Apple Documentation (Signatures for interaction)",
+        "url": "https://developer.apple.com/documentation/swift/concurrency",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Concurrency bu Example",
+        "url": "https://www.hackingwithswift.com/quick-start/concurrency",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "6gfqFy3H6SLt06oJ1kt5A": {
+    "title": "Data Persistence",
+    "description": "Data persistence in iOS applications involves storing and retrieving data beyond the app's current runtime, ensuring information remains available across app launches and device restarts. Swift and iOS offer several mechanisms for data persistence, each suited to different needs and data complexities. Core Data provides a robust framework for managing and persisting large, structured datasets, offering features like data modeling, querying, and synchronization. For simpler data storage, UserDefaults is ideal for storing small amounts of key-value data. File system storage allows direct saving and loading of data to and from files in the app's sandbox. Keychain Services offer secure storage for sensitive information like passwords and tokens. SQLite databases can be used for more complex relational data storage needs. Additionally, CloudKit enables data synchronization across devices via iCloud. Choosing the appropriate persistence method depends on factors such as data structure, size, security requirements, and the need for synchronization across devices or with remote servers.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Apple Dev Training - Persisting Data",
+        "url": "https://developer.apple.com/tutorials/app-dev-training/persisting-data",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "H4-Dp2WTA6HAZiFRQdLjx": {
+    "title": "Core Data",
+    "description": "Use Core Data to save your application’s permanent data for offline use, to cache temporary data, and to add undo functionality to your app on a single device. To sync data across multiple devices in a single iCloud account, Core Data automatically mirrors your schema to a CloudKit container.\n\nThrough Core Data’s Data Model editor, you define your data’s types and relationships, and generate respective class definitions. Core Data can then manage object instances at runtime to provide the following features.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "CoreData",
+        "url": "https://developer.apple.com/documentation/coredata/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "iOS Core Data Quick Start",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O7u9nYWjvKk",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "ImS1FqVicQImMw-y1ze7y": {
+    "title": "User Defaults",
+    "description": "User Defaults in iOS provides a convenient way to store small amounts of key-value data persistently across app launches. It's primarily used for saving user preferences, app settings, and other lightweight data. The `UserDefaults` class offers a standardized interface to interact with the defaults system, allowing easy storage and retrieval of basic data types like strings, numbers, dates, and even more complex objects that conform to the Codable protocol. Data stored in User Defaults is automatically persisted to disk, making it readily available in subsequent app launches. While User Defaults is easy to use and efficient for small datasets, it's not suitable for storing large amounts of data or sensitive information. It's important to use User Defaults judiciously, as overuse can impact app launch times and performance. For more complex data structures or larger datasets, other persistence mechanisms like Core Data or file-based storage are more appropriate.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "UserDefaults",
+        "url": "https://developer.apple.com/documentation/foundation/userdefaults",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Reading and Writing basics: UserDefaults",
+        "url": "https://www.hackingwithswift.com/read/12/2/reading-and-writing-basics-userdefaults",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Reading and Writing basics: UserDefaults",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WHKLXI8baJk&t=1s",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "8v_eP0j85TnB33XyYAzrT": {
+    "title": "Keychain",
+    "description": "The Keychain in iOS provides a secure, encrypted storage system for sensitive data such as passwords, authentication tokens, and other confidential information. It offers a higher level of security compared to other local storage options, as the data is encrypted and protected by the device's security features. The Keychain Services API allows apps to store, retrieve, and manage small chunks of data in a way that's significantly more secure than alternatives like User Defaults. Data stored in the Keychain persists across app reinstalls and can be shared between apps from the same developer. While powerful, working with the Keychain API can be complex, leading many developers to use wrapper libraries that simplify its usage. It's crucial to manage Keychain items carefully, considering aspects like accessibility settings and access groups, to ensure data remains secure while still being available when needed by the app.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Keychain Services",
+        "url": "https://developer.apple.com/documentation/security/keychain_services",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Local storage in iOS: Keychain",
+        "url": "https://medium.com/@omar.saibaa/local-storage-in-ios-keychain-668240e2670d",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "_bkRbqVXKNCnRvEFCM6mN": {
+    "title": "File System",
+    "description": "The iOS file system provides a structured way for apps to store and access data directly on the device. Each app operates within its own sandbox, a dedicated directory structure that isolates the app's data for security and privacy. Within this sandbox, apps can create, read, write, and organize files and directories. The system offers several key directories, including Documents for user-generated content, Library for app-specific data, and tmp for temporary files. File management in iOS is primarily handled through the FileManager class, which provides a comprehensive API for file and directory operations. When working with files, developers must consider factors such as data persistence across app updates, iCloud backup settings, and efficient management of storage space. The file system is particularly useful for storing larger datasets, binary files, or data that doesn't fit well into structured storage systems like Core Data or User Defaults.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "File System Basics",
+        "url": "https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/documentation/FileManagement/Conceptual/FileSystemProgrammingGuide/FileSystemOverview/FileSystemOverview.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "About File System",
+        "url": "https://developer.apple.com/documentation/foundation/file_system/about_apple_file_system/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "FileManager",
+        "url": "https://developer.apple.com/documentation/foundation/filemanager",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "3qjQbrCUchJn1bJTBWrQF": {
+    "title": "SQLite",
+    "description": "SQLite in iOS offers a lightweight, serverless, and self-contained relational database engine that's embedded directly into applications. It provides a robust solution for storing and managing structured data without the overhead of a separate database server. SQLite is particularly useful for apps that need to handle complex queries or manage large datasets efficiently. iOS includes built-in support for SQLite, allowing developers to create, read, update, and delete data using SQL queries. While powerful, working directly with SQLite can be verbose and error-prone, leading many developers to use wrapper libraries or higher-level abstractions like Core Data, which uses SQLite as its default persistent store. SQLite excels in scenarios requiring local data storage with relational capabilities, offering a balance between performance and flexibility. However, it requires careful management of database schemas and queries, making it more complex to use than simpler storage options like User Defaults or property lists.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "SQlite with Swift tutorial",
+        "url": "https://www.kodeco.com/6620276-sqlite-with-swift-tutorial-getting-started",
+        "type": "course"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "stephencelis/SQLite.swift",
+        "url": "https://github.com/stephencelis/SQLite.swift",
+        "type": "opensource"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "SQLite website",
+        "url": "https://www.sqlite.org/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "WYV4YG_sLvC4S5ptFFdrF": {
+    "title": "JSON / XML",
+    "description": "JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) and XML (eXtensible Markup Language) are widely used data interchange formats in iOS development, each with its own strengths and use cases. JSON has become increasingly popular due to its lightweight nature and ease of use, particularly in web services and APIs. Swift provides built-in support for JSON encoding and decoding through the Codable protocol, simplifying the process of converting between JSON data and Swift objects. XML, while less common in modern APIs, is still used in certain scenarios, especially for complex, hierarchical data structures. iOS provides the XMLParser class for parsing XML data, though it requires more manual handling compared to JSON. Both formats support data serialization and deserialization, allowing for easy storage and transmission of structured data. When working with external APIs or services, the choice between JSON and XML is often dictated by the service provider, but for internal data storage or custom APIs, JSON is generally preferred for its simplicity and performance in mobile environments.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "UTVh1RHRWb5eA-S7ayLp8": {
+    "title": "Parsing",
+    "description": "JSON and XML parsing in iOS involves converting structured data formats into native Swift objects for use within an application. For JSON parsing, Swift's Codable protocol provides a streamlined approach, allowing automatic encoding and decoding of JSON data to and from Swift structs or classes. This system leverages Swift's type inference to create a seamless conversion process, handling most common data structures with minimal code. For more complex JSON structures, custom coding keys and decoding strategies can be implemented. XML parsing, while less common, is typically handled using NSXMLParser or third-party libraries. These parsers often use a delegate-based approach, calling methods as it encounters different elements in the XML structure. Both JSON and XML parsing require careful error handling to manage malformed data or network issues. When dealing with large datasets, considerations for memory management and performance optimization become crucial, often leading to the use of streaming parsers for more efficient processing of extensive data structures.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "JSON Parsing in Swift explained with code examples",
+        "url": "https://www.avanderlee.com/swift/json-parsing-decoding/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Parsing XML using Swift",
+        "url": "https://medium.com/cracking-swift/parsing-remote-xml-using-swift-bfa9701fff84",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "XMLParser",
+        "url": "https://developer.apple.com/documentation/foundation/xmlparser",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "8rYjSCgRiJMHTNxOU6vgG": {
+    "title": "Serializing",
+    "description": "Serialization in iOS development involves converting complex data structures or objects into a format that can be easily stored or transmitted, and later reconstructed. This process is crucial for data persistence, network communication, and inter-process data exchange. In Swift, the Codable protocol simplifies serialization, particularly for JSON and property lists. It automatically generates encoding and decoding methods for conforming types, streamlining the process of converting between Swift objects and serialized formats. For custom serialization needs, developers can implement the Encodable and Decodable protocols manually. Beyond JSON, iOS supports serialization to various formats including property lists, binary data, and custom formats. When serializing, it's important to consider data integrity, backwards compatibility for stored data, and performance implications, especially for large datasets. Proper serialization practices ensure efficient data storage and transfer while maintaining the structure and relationships of complex objects in iOS applications.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Encoding, Decoding and Serialization",
+        "url": "https://developer.apple.com/documentation/swift/encoding-decoding-and-serialization",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Codable",
+        "url": "https://developer.apple.com/documentation/swift/codable",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Codable Cheat Sheet",
+        "url": "https://www.hackingwithswift.com/articles/119/codable-cheat-sheet",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "JoNoM-utp8MaL1H0oXDta": {
+    "title": "Networking",
+    "description": "Networking in iOS development involves the exchange of data between an app and remote servers or services over the internet. At the core of iOS networking is URLSession, a powerful class within the Foundation framework that handles HTTP/HTTPS communications. URLSession supports a wide range of operations, from simple data fetching to complex, concurrent downloads and uploads. Developers use it to create data tasks for basic requests, download tasks for file transfers, and upload tasks for sending data to servers. URLSession manages connections, authentication, and caching automatically. iOS networking often revolves around interacting with RESTful APIs, typically using JSON for data interchange. Robust networking code requires careful error handling, efficient response parsing, and effective management of network reachability. Modern Swift features like the Combine framework and async/await syntax complement URLSession by providing more elegant ways to handle asynchronous network operations, enhancing code readability and maintainability in complex scenarios.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "GjY5qCU1rjB0D58qHQtAR": {
+    "title": "HTTP / HTTPs",
+    "description": "HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) and HTTPS (HTTP Secure) are fundamental protocols for data communication on the internet, extensively used in iOS app networking. HTTP facilitates request-response interactions between clients and servers, defining how messages are formatted and transmitted. HTTPS extends HTTP by encrypting the data exchange using SSL/TLS protocols, ensuring secure communication. In iOS development, URLSession handles both HTTP and HTTPS requests seamlessly, automatically managing the encryption for HTTPS connections. Developers typically use HTTPS for all network communications to protect user data and maintain privacy. iOS enforces App Transport Security (ATS) by default, requiring secure connections for network requests. When working with web APIs, iOS apps use these protocols to fetch data, submit forms, upload files, and perform various other network operations. Understanding HTTP methods (GET, POST, PUT, DELETE, etc.), status codes, and headers is crucial for effective API integration and troubleshooting in iOS app development.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "URLSession",
+        "url": "https://developer.apple.com/documentation/foundation/urlsession",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Mastering URLSession in Swift",
+        "url": "https://elamir.medium.com/mastering-urlsession-in-swift-a-comprehensive-guide-d3a3aa740f6e",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "3Qw-qmy5iAE61mPbIY4Q2": {
+    "title": "REST",
+    "description": "REST (Representational State Transfer) is an architectural style for designing networked applications, widely adopted in iOS development for creating and consuming web services. RESTful APIs use standard HTTP methods to perform operations on resources, typically represented as URLs. In iOS, developers interact with REST APIs using URLSession or higher-level networking libraries. These APIs usually exchange data in JSON format, which integrates well with Swift's Codable protocol for easy serialization and deserialization. REST's stateless nature and use of standard HTTP methods (GET for retrieval, POST for creation, PUT for updates, DELETE for removal) make it intuitive and scalable. When implementing RESTful services in iOS apps, developers focus on endpoint design, proper use of HTTP status codes, and efficient data mapping between API responses and Swift objects. Understanding REST principles helps in creating more maintainable, scalable, and interoperable iOS applications that effectively communicate with backend services.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "REST API Calls in Swift: iOS Networking Architecture",
+        "url": "https://matteomanferdini.com/swift-rest-api/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Sending and recieving Codable data with URLSession and SwiftUI",
+        "url": "https://www.hackingwithswift.com/books/ios-swiftui/sending-and-receiving-codable-data-with-urlsession-and-swiftui",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "9o7d3aN0YFfNNUeVoJrhs": {
+    "title": "GraphQL",
+    "description": "GraphQL is a query language and runtime for APIs, offering an alternative to traditional REST APIs in iOS development. It allows clients to request specific data structures, reducing over-fetching and under-fetching of data common in REST. In iOS apps, GraphQL enables more efficient network usage by allowing precise data requests tailored to UI needs. Developers typically use libraries like Apollo iOS to integrate GraphQL, which handles query execution, caching, and data normalization. GraphQL's strong typing system aligns well with Swift, facilitating type-safe API interactions. It supports real-time data with subscriptions, useful for live updates in iOS apps. While GraphQL offers flexibility and performance benefits, it requires a mindset shift from REST, including different approaches to error handling and caching. Implementing GraphQL in iOS involves crafting queries, managing the schema, and often requires coordination with backend teams to design effective GraphQL APIs that cater to mobile app needs.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "GraphQL Website",
+        "url": "https://graphql.org/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "https://roadmap.sh/graphql",
+        "url": "https://roadmap.sh/graphql",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "WPJACNeI6jX9GGB1roeTp": {
+    "title": "URLSession",
+    "description": "URLSession is a powerful and flexible API in iOS for handling HTTP and HTTPS network requests. It serves as the foundation for networking tasks in iOS applications, providing a rich set of features for data transfer over the internet. URLSession supports various types of tasks including data tasks for simple requests and responses, download tasks for file transfers, and upload tasks for sending data to servers. It offers both synchronous and asynchronous programming models, with the latter being particularly useful for maintaining responsive UIs during network operations. URLSession handles connection management, authentication, and caching automatically, simplifying complex networking scenarios. It integrates well with Swift's modern concurrency features like async/await, making asynchronous code more readable and maintainable. Developers can configure session behaviors, set up background transfers, and implement robust error handling and retry mechanisms using URLSession, making it a versatile tool for a wide range of networking needs in iOS development.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Fetching website data into memory",
+        "url": "https://developer.apple.com/documentation/foundation/url_loading_system/fetching_website_data_into_memory",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "URLSession in Swift",
+        "url": "https://janviarora.medium.com/urlsession-in-swift-f0f7348e37d5",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Networking in iOS with URLSession",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zvfViYmETuc",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "nJeBisdKtN43ntkXnPCVF": {
+    "title": "Alamofire",
+    "description": "Alamofire is a popular third-party networking library for iOS, built on top of Apple's URLSession. It offers a more elegant and simplified interface for common networking tasks, making it easier to write concise and readable networking code. Alamofire provides a chainable request/response API, automated JSON parsing, authentication handling, and convenient methods for common HTTP operations. It supports features like request/response interceptors, network reachability monitoring, and robust error handling. The library is particularly useful for working with RESTful APIs, offering easy integration with JSON and Swift's Codable protocol. Alamofire's modular architecture allows for easy extension and customization, making it adaptable to various project needs. While it adds an external dependency to projects, many developers find that Alamofire's convenience and feature set outweigh this consideration, especially in complex networking scenarios where it can significantly reduce boilerplate code and simplify network request management.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Alamofire/Alamofire",
+        "url": "https://github.com/Alamofire/Alamofire",
+        "type": "opensource"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Alamofire Tutorial with Swift (Quickstart)",
+        "url": "https://codewithchris.com/alamofire/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How to Use Alamofire in Swift: A Guide",
+        "url": "https://www.waldo.com/blog/how-to-use-alamofire",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "fbloF-u4XwdHLmBS9flZm": {
+    "title": "Concurrency and Multithreading",
+    "description": "Concurrency and multithreading in iOS development enable applications to perform multiple operations simultaneously, improving responsiveness and performance. iOS provides several mechanisms for managing concurrent tasks, including Grand Central Dispatch (GCD) and Operation queues. GCD offers a low-level API for dispatching tasks to concurrent queues, while Operation queues provide a higher-level, object-oriented approach. Swift's modern concurrency features, including async/await and actors, offer a more intuitive way to write asynchronous code, reducing complexity and potential threading issues. These tools allow developers to offload time-consuming tasks from the main thread, ensuring a smooth user interface. Proper use of concurrency involves careful management of shared resources to avoid race conditions and deadlocks. Understanding thread safety, queue priorities, and synchronization techniques is crucial for developing efficient and responsive iOS applications that can effectively utilize modern multi-core devices.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "aROcI1RucAyu-gHn-tVnj": {
+    "title": "GCD",
+    "description": "Grand Central Dispatch (GCD) is a powerful concurrency framework in iOS that simplifies the execution of parallel code. It abstracts the complexities of thread management, allowing developers to focus on the tasks to be performed rather than the underlying threading details. GCD uses a queue-based model where tasks are submitted to dispatch queues and executed by a managed pool of threads. It offers both serial and concurrent queues, enabling fine-grained control over task execution order and parallelism. The framework provides global queues with different quality of service levels, allowing prioritization of tasks based on their importance. GCD's dispatch groups facilitate the coordination of multiple asynchronous operations, while dispatch semaphores help manage access to shared resources. By leveraging GCD, iOS developers can efficiently distribute work across multiple cores, improve app responsiveness, and avoid common pitfalls associated with manual thread management, making it an essential tool for building high-performance, concurrent applications.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Dispatch@",
+        "url": "https://developer.apple.com/documentation/DISPATCH",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Grand Central Dispatch (GCD) in iOS: The Developer's Guide",
+        "url": "https://hackernoon.com/grand-central-dispatch-gcd-in-ios-the-developers-guide",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Grand Central Dispatch in iOS",
+        "url": "https://medium.com/@knoo/gcd-grand-central-dispatch-in-ios-b2dd665cabd5",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "mdAV4JlF08q-ZQpb5C3q6": {
+    "title": "Operation Queues",
+    "description": "Operation Queues in iOS provide a high-level, object-oriented approach to managing concurrent tasks. Built on top of Grand Central Dispatch, they offer more flexibility and control over task execution compared to raw GCD. Operation Queues work with Operation objects, which encapsulate work to be performed and can include dependencies, cancellation, and prioritization. These queues allow for easy management of task dependencies, ensuring that operations are executed in the correct order. They support both synchronous and asynchronous operations, making them suitable for a wide range of concurrency scenarios. Operation Queues provide built-in support for maximum concurrent operation limits, helping to prevent system overload. Developers can subclass NSOperation to create custom, complex operations with intricate logic and state management. This abstraction layer simplifies the implementation of advanced concurrency patterns, making Operation Queues particularly useful for managing complex, interdependent background tasks in iOS applications.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "OperationQueue",
+        "url": "https://developer.apple.com/documentation/foundation/operationqueue",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Getting started with Operations and OperationQueues in Swift",
+        "url": "https://www.avanderlee.com/swift/operations/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Working with Operation Queue in Swift: Managing Multithreading and Cancelling Operations",
+        "url": "https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/working-operation-queue-swift-managing-multithreading-igor-rukaleev-2t1ye/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "Tv8-WUcKiZMLHuunQwise": {
+    "title": "Dependency Manager",
+    "description": "Dependency managers in iOS development are tools that automate the process of adding, updating, and managing third-party libraries and frameworks in Swift and Objective-C projects. These tools simplify the integration of external code, ensuring version compatibility and reducing manual setup errors. The most popular dependency managers for iOS are CocoaPods, Carthage, and Swift Package Manager (SPM). CocoaPods, the oldest and most widely used, integrates directly with Xcode projects and offers a vast library of pods. Carthage provides a more decentralized approach, building frameworks separately from the main project. Swift Package Manager, integrated into Xcode, is Apple's official solution, offering seamless integration with Swift projects. Each manager has its strengths, with developers choosing based on project needs, team preferences, and specific library support. Effective use of dependency managers streamlines development workflows, promotes code reuse, and helps maintain up-to-date, efficient codebases in iOS applications.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "epr1sOEZIAOwlgb8bre7r": {
+    "title": "CocoaPods",
+    "description": "CocoaPods is a dependency manager for Swift and Objective-C Cocoa projects. It has over 100 thousand libraries and is used in over 3 million apps. CocoaPods can help you scale your projects elegantly.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "CocoaPods",
+        "url": "https://cocoapods.org/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How to install Cocoapods on Mac M1",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0EbUBgO681w",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How to Fix Cocoapods Install Errors on an Apple Silicon Macs",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uZD2EQbBqPg",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "tIHjjNTXJWcNgkO6TB9ea": {
+    "title": "Carthage",
+    "description": "Carthage is a decentralized dependency manager for iOS and macOS development, offering a lightweight alternative to CocoaPods. It focuses on building frameworks rather than integrating directly into projects, giving developers more control over their project structure. Carthage fetches and builds dependencies as specified in a Cartfile, creating standalone frameworks that can be easily integrated into Xcode projects. This approach keeps the project's structure intact and allows for easier version control. Carthage supports both Swift and Objective-C libraries and works well with dynamic frameworks. It's particularly favored for its simplicity and non-invasive nature, as it doesn't modify project files or create workspaces. While Carthage requires manual framework linking, which can be more time-consuming initially, it offers faster build times and more flexibility in managing dependencies. This tool is often preferred by developers who desire more control over their dependency integration process and project structure.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Carthage - Getting Started",
+        "url": "https://www.kodeco.com/7649117-carthage-tutorial-getting-started",
+        "type": "course"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "carthage/carthage",
+        "url": "https://github.com/Carthage/Carthage",
+        "type": "opensource"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "KFkX8_Hv9SCFeCtZMZIQM": {
+    "title": "Swift Package Manager",
+    "description": "The Swift Package Manager (SwiftPM) is a tool for managing the distribution of Swift code. It’s integrated with the Swift build system to automate the process of downloading, compiling, and linking dependencies. The Package Manager is included in Swift 3.0 and above.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Swift Package Manager",
+        "url": "https://www.swift.org/documentation/package-manager/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "pZVPsgvCpP3zUgBM4i0CF": {
+    "title": "Frameworks & Library",
+    "description": "Frameworks and libraries in iOS development are collections of reusable code that provide specific functionality, enhancing development efficiency and maintaining code consistency. Frameworks are more structured than libraries, offering a hierarchical directory that bundles code, resources, and documentation. They can include dynamic or static libraries, header files, and additional resources like images or localization files. iOS provides numerous built-in frameworks like UIKit, Foundation, and CoreData, which form the backbone of app development. Third-party frameworks expand functionality further, often distributed via dependency managers. Libraries, typically in the form of static or dynamic libraries, contain compiled code that can be linked into an app. They're generally simpler than frameworks but less self-contained. The choice between using a framework or a library often depends on the complexity of the functionality needed and how it integrates with the existing project structure. Effective use of frameworks and libraries can significantly reduce development time and improve code quality in iOS applications.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "MaHtZSIPxDzrnB33_9OdV": {
+    "title": "XCFramework",
+    "description": "XCFramework is an advanced packaging format introduced by Apple for distributing binary frameworks in iOS, macOS, tvOS, and watchOS development. It addresses limitations of traditional .framework bundles by supporting multiple architectures and platforms within a single package. XCFrameworks can contain binary code for different platforms and architectures, including simulators and devices, making them ideal for distributing cross-platform libraries. They simplify the integration process, eliminating the need for manual management of different framework versions for various platforms. XCFrameworks support both static and dynamic libraries and can include resources like headers, assets, and documentation. This format is particularly beneficial for library developers, as it allows them to distribute a single package that works across different Apple platforms and architectures. For app developers, XCFrameworks offer smoother integration of third-party dependencies, reducing compatibility issues and simplifying the build process in Xcode projects.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Creating a multiplatform binary framework bundle",
+        "url": "https://developer.apple.com/documentation/xcode/creating-a-multi-platform-binary-framework-bundle",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Distributing binary frameworks as Swift packages",
+        "url": "https://developer.apple.com/documentation/xcode/distributing-binary-frameworks-as-swift-packages",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Creating an XCFramework",
+        "url": "https://rhonabwy.com/2023/02/10/creating-an-xcframework/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "RuXuHQhMt2nywk43LgGeJ": {
+    "title": "Static Library",
+    "description": "Static libraries in iOS development are collections of compiled code that are linked directly into an app's executable at build time. They contain object code that becomes part of the final application binary, increasing its size but potentially improving load time performance. Static libraries are typically distributed as .a files, often accompanied by header files that define their public interfaces. When using static libraries, the entire library code is included in the app, even if only a portion is used, which can lead to larger app sizes. However, this approach ensures that all necessary code is available within the app, eliminating runtime dependencies. Static libraries are particularly useful for distributing closed-source code or when aiming to minimize runtime overhead. They offer simplicity in distribution and version management but may require recompilation of the entire app when the library is updated. In iOS development, static libraries are gradually being replaced by more flexible options like dynamic frameworks and XCFrameworks, especially for larger or frequently updated libraries.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Static Library in iOS",
+        "url": "https://swiftpublished.com/article/static-library-in-ios-part1",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": " How to Create an XCFramework - Frameworks and Static Libraries ",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=40EmwraG4-k",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "Lrb4HZYrZU7SJlbedZp7U": {
+    "title": "Dynamic Library",
+    "description": "Dynamic libraries in iOS development are code modules that are loaded into an app's memory at runtime rather than being compiled into the app's executable. They are typically distributed as .dylib files or packaged within frameworks. Unlike static libraries, dynamic libraries remain separate from the app's main binary, allowing for more efficient memory usage and smaller app sizes. Multiple apps can share a single copy of a dynamic library in memory, reducing overall system resource consumption. This approach facilitates easier updates to the library without requiring a full app recompilation. In iOS, dynamic libraries are primarily used within frameworks, as Apple restricts the use of standalone dynamic libraries in App Store submissions. Dynamic frameworks offer benefits like code modularity, easier sharing of code between apps, and potential performance improvements through reduced launch times. However, they introduce a slight runtime overhead for library loading. The use of dynamic libraries in iOS is subject to Apple's guidelines and is generally recommended for larger, frequently updated codebases or when sharing code across multiple apps.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Overview of Dynamic Libraries",
+        "url": "https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/documentation/DeveloperTools/Conceptual/DynamicLibraries/100-Articles/OverviewOfDynamicLibraries.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Static Library vs Dynamic Library in iOS",
+        "url": "https://pratheeshbennet.medium.com/static-library-vs-dynamic-library-in-ios-55478ed53a03",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "1DZYPqvgY6GtwMCS7N2y-": {
+    "title": "Accessibility",
+    "description": "With built-in accessibility features, accessibility APIs, and developer tools, Apple operating systems provide extraordinary opportunities to deliver high-quality experiences to everyone, including people with disabilities. Take advantage of VoiceOver — the revolutionary screen reader for blind and low-vision users — Music Haptics, Switch Control, Guided Access, Text to Speech, closed‑captioned or audio‑described video, and more.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Accessibility",
+        "url": "https://developer.apple.com/accessibility/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "h34LaYQ3JYN2AZPMDqpmO": {
+    "title": "Accessibility Inspector",
+    "description": "The Accessibility Inspector is a powerful tool in Xcode that helps developers ensure their iOS applications are accessible to users with disabilities. It provides a comprehensive view of an app's accessibility features, allowing developers to inspect and test various accessibility attributes of UI elements. The inspector displays information such as accessibility labels, hints, and traits for each element on the screen. It enables real-time simulation of different accessibility settings, such as VoiceOver, to test how the app behaves under various accessibility conditions. Developers can use the Accessibility Inspector to identify and fix issues related to screen reader compatibility, color contrast, and touch target sizes. This tool is crucial for creating inclusive apps that comply with accessibility guidelines and standards, ensuring that apps are usable by people with visual, auditory, motor, or cognitive impairments. Regular use of the Accessibility Inspector throughout the development process helps in building more universally accessible and user-friendly iOS applications.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Accessibility Inspector",
+        "url": "https://developer.apple.com/documentation/accessibility/accessibility-inspector",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Inspecting the accessibility of the screens in your app",
+        "url": "https://developer.apple.com/documentation/accessibility/inspecting-the-accessibility-of-screens",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Perform accessibility audits for your app",
+        "url": "https://developer.apple.com/videos/play/wwdc2023/10035/",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "trAMZVA4tDB7b_qAgiWNW": {
+    "title": "Voice Over",
+    "description": "VoiceOver is an assistive technology that enables people to experience the interface on their devices without having to see the screen. People who are blind or have low vision depend on VoiceOver to provide auditory feedback while using their devices, but VoiceOver can be useful to people in a wide variety of contexts. For example, someone prone to motion sickness might choose to turn VoiceOver on while they’re in a moving vehicle.\n\nVoiceOver is a screen reader that enables people to experience an app’s interface without having to see the screen. With touch gestures on iOS and iPadOS, keyboard buttons on macOS, and remote buttons on tvOS, VoiceOver users can move through your app’s UI in reading order, from the top of the screen to the bottom, and receive descriptions in over 60 languages and locales of UI controls, text, and images audibly or in braille.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "VoiceOver",
+        "url": "https://developer.apple.com/documentation/accessibility/voiceover/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Supporting VoiceOver in your app",
+        "url": "https://developer.apple.com/documentation/uikit/accessibility_for_uikit/supporting_voiceover_in_your_app",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "0nei6iwP4Pgi_j4vVi_Qt": {
+    "title": "Dynamic Type",
+    "description": "The Dynamic Type feature allows users to choose the size of textual content displayed on the screen. It helps users who need larger text for better readability. It also accomodates those who can read smaller text, allowing more information to appear on the screen. Apps that support Dynamic Type also provide a more consistent reading experience.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Dynamic Type",
+        "url": "https://developer.apple.com/documentation/uikit/uifont/scaling_fonts_automatically/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "WWDC24: Get started with Dynamic Type",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZqDZjW9TpFw",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "PdzCQXZIivw3zCYPtokJV": {
+    "title": "Frameworks",
+    "description": "Frameworks in iOS development are modular, reusable packages of code and resources that provide specific functionality to applications. They offer a hierarchical structure containing compiled code, header files, resources like images and localization files, and often documentation. iOS provides numerous built-in frameworks such as UIKit for user interface elements, Foundation for fundamental data types and collections, and Core Data for data management. These frameworks form the backbone of iOS app development, offering standardized and optimized implementations of common functionalities. Third-party frameworks extend this ecosystem, providing additional features and tools. Frameworks can be static or dynamic, with dynamic frameworks offering more flexibility in terms of memory usage and updates. The use of frameworks promotes code reuse, maintains consistency across projects, and often improves development efficiency. Effective utilization of both system and third-party frameworks is crucial for building robust, feature-rich iOS applications while minimizing development time and effort.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "k3uHcF0CsyHr6PK95UwR1": {
+    "title": "ARKit",
+    "description": "ARKit is Apple’s framework for creating `augmented reality (AR) experiences` on iOS devices.\n\n`Augmented reality (AR)` describes user experiences that add 2D or 3D elements to the live view from a device’s sensors in a way that makes those elements appear to inhabit the real world.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "ARKit",
+        "url": "https://developer.apple.com/documentation/arkit",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Setting up access to ARKit data",
+        "url": "https://developer.apple.com/documentation/visionos/setting-up-access-to-arkit-data",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Everything you need to know about Apple's augmented reality platform",
+        "url": "https://www.pocket-lint.com/ar-vr/news/apple/141615-apple-ar-kit-explained/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "Jsu5f6QASpuvpky_W5q-O": {
+    "title": "HealthKit",
+    "description": "HealthKit is a powerful framework that allows developers to create health and fitness applications that can interact seamlessly with the iOS `Health app`.\n\nHealthKit provides a central repository for health and fitness data on iPhone and Apple Watch. With the user’s permission, apps communicate with the HealthKit store to access and share this data.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "HealthKit",
+        "url": "https://developer.apple.com/documentation/healthkit",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Creating a Mobility Health App",
+        "url": "https://developer.apple.com/documentation/healthkit/creating_a_mobility_health_app",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How I use Apple's Health app to track my fitness",
+        "url": "https://www.pocket-lint.com/apps/news/apple/131130-apple-healthkit-and-health-app-how-they-work-and-the-medical-records-you-need/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "H5F9P5xeQiHhWhS6jEzp5": {
+    "title": "GameKit",
+    "description": "GameKit is a framework provided by Apple for iOS, macOS, and tvOS that facilitates the implementation of social gaming features. It offers a set of tools and APIs for integrating multiplayer functionality, leaderboards, achievements, and player authentication in games. GameKit simplifies the process of adding real-time multiplayer capabilities, allowing developers to create peer-to-peer connections or use Apple's Game Center servers for matchmaking. The framework provides APIs for managing leaderboards, enabling players to compare scores globally or among friends. It also supports a system for creating and tracking in-game achievements, enhancing player engagement. GameKit handles player authentication through Game Center, offering a unified gaming identity across Apple platforms. While primarily designed for games, some of GameKit's features, like peer-to-peer connectivity, can be useful in non-gaming apps as well. By leveraging GameKit, developers can create more interactive and socially engaging gaming experiences on Apple platforms without having to implement complex networking and social features from scratch.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "GameKit",
+        "url": "https://developer.apple.com/documentation/gamekit",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How to integrate GameKit",
+        "url": "https://medium.com/swlh/how-to-integrate-gamekit-ios-794061428197",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "XOXsjaQ-YyuAMpVCqH8KG": {
+    "title": "MapKit",
+    "description": "MapKit is a powerful framework provided by Apple for integrating interactive maps and location-based services into iOS, macOS, and tvOS applications. It offers a rich set of tools for displaying maps, adding annotations and overlays, handling user interactions, and performing geocoding and reverse geocoding. The framework provides customizable map views that support various map types, including standard, satellite, and hybrid views. Developers can easily add pins, custom annotations, and polylines to highlight specific locations or routes. MapKit integrates seamlessly with Core Location for handling real-time user positioning and region monitoring. It also supports features like 3D map views, flyover mode, and turn-by-turn navigation. The framework handles map rendering and data management efficiently, optimizing performance even when dealing with large numbers of map elements. By leveraging MapKit, developers can create sophisticated location-aware applications, from simple map displays to complex navigation and geospatial analysis tools, enhancing user experience with visual and interactive geographical data.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "MapKit",
+        "url": "https://developer.apple.com/documentation/mapkit/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Implement MapKit APIs",
+        "url": "https://medium.com/simform-engineering/mapkit-swiftui-in-ios-17-1fec82c3bf00",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Meet MapKit for SwiftUI",
+        "url": "https://developer.apple.com/videos/play/wwdc2023/10043/",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "7s9Elv80TbZX_-NZpyutj": {
+    "title": "Core ML",
+    "description": "Use `Core ML` to integrate machine learning models into your app. Core ML provides a unified representation for all models. Your app uses Core ML APIs and user data to make predictions, and to train or fine-tune models, all on a person’s device.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Core ML",
+        "url": "https://developer.apple.com/documentation/coreml/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Create machine learning models for use in your app.",
+        "url": "https://developer.apple.com/machine-learning/create-ml/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "DVe8S6TjKcQ8LT5G-aMVa": {
+    "title": "Code Quality Tools",
+    "description": "Code quality tools in iOS development are essential for maintaining high standards of code cleanliness, efficiency, and maintainability. These tools automate the process of identifying potential issues, enforcing coding standards, and improving overall code quality. Popular options include SwiftLint, which checks Swift code for style and conventions; SonarQube, which provides comprehensive code analysis for bugs, vulnerabilities, and code smells; and Codebeat, offering automated code reviews. Static analysis tools like Clang Static Analyzer help detect bugs and security issues. Continuous integration platforms often integrate these tools, running checks automatically with each commit. Code coverage tools measure the extent of test coverage, while performance profilers like Instruments help optimize app efficiency. By incorporating these tools into the development workflow, teams can catch issues early, maintain consistent coding standards, and produce more robust, maintainable iOS applications. Regular use of code quality tools contributes significantly to reducing technical debt and improving long-term project health.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "NnTC3R8goZQTXHmfHKHbM": {
+    "title": "SwiftLint",
+    "description": "SwiftLint is an open-source tool developed by Realm, that facilitates maintaining standardized code development by enabling the definition and enforcement of project-specific conventions and guidelines. It ensures developers adhere to these standards, thereby promoting organized code practices.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "SwiftLint Documentation",
+        "url": "https://github.com/realm/SwiftLint",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Mastering SwiftLint for Code Readability",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4YQ6DJ-xovY",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "F5796wzm5Ar6sQt-1y8vH": {
+    "title": "Tailor",
+    "description": "Tailor is a cross-platform static analysis and lint tool specifically designed for Swift code. It aims to enforce Swift style and conventions, helping developers maintain consistent and clean codebases. Tailor analyzes Swift source files and reports on various style, performance, and maintainability issues. It can detect problems like unused variables, overly complex functions, and violations of naming conventions. The tool is highly configurable, allowing teams to customize rules to match their specific coding standards. Tailor can be integrated into continuous integration pipelines, providing automated code quality checks with each commit. While less popular than some other linting tools like SwiftLint, Tailor offers a straightforward, cross-platform solution for Swift code analysis. Its use can help teams catch potential issues early in the development process, promote best practices, and maintain a more uniform code style across projects.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "sleekbyte/tailor",
+        "url": "https://github.com/sleekbyte/tailor",
+        "type": "opensource"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Tailor Website",
+        "url": "https://sleekbyte.github.io/tailor/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Tailor",
+        "url": "https://docs.codeclimate.com/docs/tailor",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "TMFvfwG45Z00PzrzZIVhT": {
+    "title": "SwiftFormat",
+    "description": "SwiftFormat is a powerful command-line tool and Xcode extension designed to automatically format Swift code according to a set of predefined or custom rules. It helps maintain consistent code style across projects and teams by automatically adjusting whitespace, braces, and other formatting details. SwiftFormat can be easily integrated into development workflows, either as a pre-commit hook, as part of a continuous integration process, or directly within Xcode. It supports a wide range of formatting rules, from basic indentation and line wrapping to more complex transformations like organizing import statements and standardizing access control modifiers. The tool is highly configurable, allowing developers to create custom rule sets that align with their team's coding standards. By automating the formatting process, SwiftFormat saves time, reduces code review discussions about style, and helps maintain a clean, readable codebase. Its ability to format entire projects quickly makes it particularly valuable for large-scale Swift applications and teams focused on code quality and consistency.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "nicklockwood/SwiftFormat",
+        "url": "https://github.com/nicklockwood/SwiftFormat",
+        "type": "opensource"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "SwiftFormat Automation for iOS Apps",
+        "url": "https://medium.com/@pranav.kasetti/swiftformat-automation-for-ios-apps-42c91000a9af",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": " How to Setup Swift Format on XCode 14 ",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S7e_rp_ZRKY",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "OZZ3UnWN2gFflbM_WaJ8H": {
+    "title": "Debugging Techniques",
+    "description": "Debugging techniques in iOS development include using Xcode’s integrated debugger, which allows developers to set breakpoints, inspect variables, and step through code to identify issues. Utilizing the LLDB (Low-Level Debugger) commands in the console helps examine program state and perform complex operations. Instruments, another powerful tool within Xcode, is used for profiling and identifying performance bottlenecks, memory leaks, and energy usage. Logging with NSLog or print statements can also provide insight into runtime behavior. Additionally, employing unit tests and running the application on real devices can help uncover device-specific issues and ensure code reliability.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "WxshXCloVDkVkQV0JvI1w": {
+    "title": "Xcode Debugger",
+    "description": "The Xcode Debugger is an essential tool for iOS developers, providing capabilities to diagnose and resolve issues within the code. It allows setting breakpoints to pause the execution at specific lines, enabling the inspection of variable states and program flow. Developers can step over, into, or out of functions to closely examine the logic. The LLDB (Low-Level Debugger) console supports powerful commands for deeper inspection and manipulation of the app’s state. The debugger also includes features like view debugging to analyze the UI hierarchy and memory graph debugging to detect memory leaks and retain cycles, making it a comprehensive tool for troubleshooting and optimizing iOS applications.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Xcode Debug Console Tour: Exploring All Options",
+        "url": "https://www.avanderlee.com/xcode/xcode-debug-console/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Debugging in Xcode",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZAqnJQn7xp4",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "Y24WWPej0C7-FiBeXpvl3": {
+    "title": "Profiling Instruments",
+    "description": "Profiling Instruments is a suite of powerful performance analysis tools integrated into Xcode, designed to help iOS developers identify and address performance issues within their applications. Instruments can track various metrics such as CPU usage, memory allocation, disk activity, network usage, and energy consumption in real-time. It offers a visual timeline and detailed data graphs, making it easier to pinpoint bottlenecks, memory leaks, and inefficient code paths. Common instruments include Time Profiler, Allocations, Leaks, and Energy Log. By running these instruments on a simulator or real device, developers gain deep insights into their app's performance, allowing for targeted optimizations and improvements.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "5 Simple Steps to Find Slow Code Using Xcode Time Profiler",
+        "url": "https://swiftsenpai.com/xcode/using-time-profiler/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "An overview of the time profiler in Instruments",
+        "url": "https://augmentedcode.io/2021/05/24/an-overview-of-the-time-profiler-in-instruments/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Getting Started with Instruments",
+        "url": "https://developer.apple.com/videos/play/wwdc2019/411/",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "5589B1DKaCd-9l9DfKH3o": {
+    "title": "Unit & UI Testing",
+    "description": "Unit and UI testing are critical components of ensuring the reliability and quality of iOS applications. Unit testing involves writing tests for individual components or functions to verify that they produce the expected results under various conditions, typically using the XCTest framework. These tests are automated, fast, and help catch bugs early in the development cycle. UI testing, on the other hand, involves verifying the app's user interface and user interactions. This can be done using Xcode's UI testing framework, which allows developers to record and write automated tests that simulate user actions like taps, swipes, and text input. Together, unit and UI testing ensure that both the internal logic and the user experience of an app are robust and function correctly as changes are made to the codebase.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "xZmBJVq5FHNdm1BDuZbbS": {
+    "title": "XCTest",
+    "description": "XCTest is Apple's framework for writing and running unit tests, performance tests, and UI tests in iOS, macOS, watchOS, and tvOS applications. It allows developers to create test cases and test methods to verify the correctness of their code, ensuring that individual components function as expected. XCTest supports assertions to check for expected outcomes, and it can run tests in parallel to speed up the testing process. For UI testing, XCTest provides capabilities to record user interactions and generate corresponding test scripts, which can be replayed to simulate user behavior. Additionally, XCTest integrates seamlessly with Xcode's testing infrastructure, providing detailed reports and continuous integration support to maintain code quality and performance throughout the development lifecycle.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "XCTest",
+        "url": "https://developer.apple.com/documentation/xctest",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "ZQSUKPbXZl5yKra2ap8JR": {
+    "title": "XCUITest",
+    "description": "XCUITest is a robust framework within XCTest designed specifically for automated UI testing of iOS applications. It allows developers to create tests that simulate user interactions with the app's interface, ensuring that the UI behaves correctly under various conditions. Using XCUITest, developers can write tests in Swift or Objective-C to tap buttons, enter text, swipe, and perform other gestures. The framework provides a recording feature to capture user actions and generate corresponding test code, simplifying the creation of test scripts. XCUITest integrates seamlessly with Xcode, enabling easy setup, execution, and debugging of UI tests. It supports running tests on multiple devices and simulators, providing detailed logs and screenshots to help diagnose issues, thus ensuring a consistent and reliable user experience.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Getting Started with XCUITest",
+        "url": "https://www.browserstack.com/guide/getting-started-xcuitest-framework",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Learn the Fundamentals of XCUITest Framework",
+        "url": "https://www.headspin.io/blog/a-step-by-step-guide-to-xcuitest-framework",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Saucelabs - Getting Started with XCUITest",
+        "url": "https://saucelabs.com/resources/blog/getting-started-with-xcuitest",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "uczkyc30K_qqcarZCGTdF": {
+    "title": "Test Plan & Coverage",
+    "description": "A Test Plan in iOS development is a comprehensive document that outlines the strategy, scope, resources, and schedule for testing activities. It defines the objectives, test criteria, deliverables, and the roles and responsibilities of the team members involved. Test Plans ensure systematic testing and help in tracking progress, identifying risks, and managing test activities efficiently.\n\nCoverage refers to the measure of how much of the codebase is exercised by the tests. Xcode provides code coverage tools that highlight the portions of code executed during tests, offering insights into untested parts. Higher code coverage typically indicates more comprehensive testing, but it’s essential to focus on meaningful coverage that validates critical functionality rather than aiming for 100% coverage without ensuring test quality. Balancing extensive unit tests, integration tests, and UI tests helps achieve effective coverage and robust application quality.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "iZAXQKLe2LaIIifVFtFOL": {
+    "title": "App Store Distribution",
+    "description": "App Store distribution is the process of preparing and submitting an iOS application for release on Apple's App Store. This involves several key steps:\n\n1.  App Store Connect Setup: Registering your app in App Store Connect, including adding app metadata, screenshots, and descriptions.\n2.  Certificates and Provisioning Profiles: Creating the necessary certificates and provisioning profiles in the Apple Developer portal to sign your app for distribution.\n3.  Build and Archive: Using Xcode to build and archive your app, ensuring it meets Apple’s guidelines and standards.\n4.  Submission: Submitting the app for review through App Store Connect, where Apple’s review team evaluates it for compliance with their guidelines.\n5.  Release and Updates: Once approved, the app is published to the App Store. Developers can manage updates, monitor app performance, and respond to user feedback through App Store Connect.\n\nThis process ensures that apps are of high quality, secure, and provide a good user experience before reaching the end users.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Distribute on App Store",
+        "url": "https://developer.apple.com/distribute/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Distributing Custom Apps",
+        "url": "https://developer.apple.com/custom-apps/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Creating the iOS Provisioning Profiles",
+        "url": "https://support.staffbase.com/hc/en-us/articles/115003598691-Creating-the-iOS-Provisioning-Profiles",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Submit App to App Store (Upload iOS App)",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bz_KJdXylh0",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "KCJgCjMJGxIcf13XSEclO": {
+    "title": "TestFlight",
+    "description": "TestFlight is Apple's beta testing service for iOS applications, allowing developers to distribute their apps to internal and external testers before the official release on the App Store. Through TestFlight, developers can invite users via email or a public link to test the app and provide feedback. Testers can then download the app directly to their devices using the TestFlight app. Developers can distribute up to 100 internal testers (using iTunes Connect user roles) and up to 10,000 external testers per app. TestFlight provides valuable insights by collecting feedback and crash reports, helping identify issues and improve app quality. It supports testing of multiple builds simultaneously and manages app versioning and expiration, streamlining the beta testing process significantly.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Beta testing made simple with TestFlight",
+        "url": "https://developer.apple.com/testflight/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is TestFlight and how to use it",
+        "url": "https://vikramios.medium.com/what-is-testflight-how-to-use-it-44dba5d2f263",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Get started with TestFlight",
+        "url": "https://developer.apple.com/videos/play/tech-talks/110343/",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "_W3vb0b14FrWB2fH7DHC7": {
+    "title": "FastLane",
+    "description": "Fastlane is an open-source platform designed to simplify and automate the deployment process of iOS (and Android) applications. It provides a suite of tools to streamline various tasks such as building, testing, and releasing apps. Key features of Fastlane include:\n\n1.  Automated Build and Distribution: Automate the creation and distribution of beta builds through services like TestFlight or Google Play.\n2.  Continuous Integration: Integrate with CI/CD systems to ensure continuous testing and deployment.\n3.  Code Signing Management: Simplify and automate the management of certificates and provisioning profiles.\n4.  App Metadata Management: Automatically update app metadata, screenshots, and other related information on App Store Connect.\n5.  Error Reporting: Receive detailed logs and error reports to debug issues quickly.\n\nFastlane uses a configuration file (Fastfile) where developers can define lanes for different workflows, making the deployment process more efficient and less error-prone. This tool is highly valuable for teams looking to maintain consistency and save time in their release processes.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "fastlane/fastlane",
+        "url": "https://github.com/fastlane/fastlane",
+        "type": "opensource"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "FastLane Website",
+        "url": "https://fastlane.tools",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How to Submit an app to the AppStore using Fastlane",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zuoQS-ZFXW0&t=197s",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "U4xE1enkZxUME0j0gutae": {
+    "title": "CI / CD",
+    "description": "Continuous Integration (CI) and Continuous Deployment (CD) are practices aimed at improving software development efficiency and quality by automating the integration and delivery processes.\n\nContinuous Integration (CI) involves automatically integrating code changes from multiple contributors into a shared repository several times a day. Each integration is verified by an automated build, allowing teams to detect and address issues early. CI tools like Jenkins, GitHub Actions, and Travis CI run automated tests and ensure that new code commits do not break the existing functionality.\n\nContinuous Deployment (CD) extends CI by automating the release of validated changes to production. Every change that passes the automated tests is automatically deployed to the production environment, ensuring that the software is always in a release-ready state. This practice reduces the time between development and release, allowing for faster delivery of features and updates.\n\nTogether, CI/CD practices help teams achieve rapid, reliable, and repeatable software delivery, fostering a culture of continuous improvement and agility.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "TrblGyy81Oep2CBxoZkaf": {
+    "title": "Jenkins",
+    "description": "Jenkins is an open-source automation server widely used for continuous integration (CI) and continuous deployment (CD). It automates the process of building, testing, and deploying software, enhancing productivity and consistency in development workflows. Jenkins supports an extensive range of plugins, enabling seamless integration with various version control systems, build tools, and deployment environments. One of its key features is the Pipeline as Code functionality, which allows developers to define complex build and deployment pipelines using a domain-specific language (DSL) in Groovy. This enables version control and easier maintenance of pipelines. Jenkins is highly extensible, with over 1,500 plugins available for integration with tools such as Git, Maven, Docker, and Kubernetes. It also supports distributed builds, allowing the load to be spread across multiple machines for improved performance. Automated testing is another crucial aspect, as Jenkins can run unit, integration, and UI tests as part of the CI process, helping to catch issues early. Jenkins' flexibility and extensive plugin ecosystem make it a popular choice for automating complex CI/CD workflows.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Jenkins Website",
+        "url": "https://www.jenkins.io/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is Jenkins?",
+        "url": "https://www.spiceworks.com/tech/devops/articles/what-is-jenkins/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How to use Jenkins to build your iOS app",
+        "url": "https://sabapathy7.medium.com/how-to-use-jenkins-to-build-your-ios-app-55a8d147e3b2",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "tWxuFh0xDugdplnHt_G0e": {
+    "title": "CircleCI",
+    "description": "CircleCI is a cloud-based continuous integration and continuous deployment (CI/CD) platform that automates the software development process, allowing teams to build, test, and deploy code efficiently. It offers both cloud and on-premises solutions, providing flexibility for different project requirements and security needs. CircleCI supports the definition and management of complex workflows with multiple jobs and dependencies, enabling parallel execution to optimize build times. It integrates seamlessly with Docker, allowing developers to use containers to ensure consistent environments across builds. Configuration is managed through YAML files, which define build processes and make them easily maintainable and version-controlled. The platform also offers extensive integrations with various version control systems, deployment services, and notification tools. CircleCI automatically scales to handle multiple concurrent builds, making it suitable for growing teams and larger projects. Its robust feature set and ease of use make it an excellent choice for streamlining CI/CD processes and improving software delivery performance.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "CircleCI Website",
+        "url": "https://circleci.com",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Deploy iOS applications",
+        "url": "https://circleci.com/docs/deploy-ios-applications/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Automate building and testing your iPhone application with CircleCI Cloud - iOS Conf SG 2023",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MyQ-e7Ae8y8",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "LltERZaHsI-R_3O_3twpk": {
+    "title": "GitHub Actions",
+    "description": "GitHub Actions is a CI/CD tool integrated directly into GitHub, allowing developers to automate workflows, such as building, testing, and deploying code directly from their repositories. It uses YAML files to define workflows, which can be triggered by various events like pushes, pull requests, or on a schedule. GitHub Actions supports a wide range of actions and integrations, making it highly customizable for different project needs. It provides a marketplace with reusable workflows and actions contributed by the community. With its seamless integration with GitHub, developers can take advantage of features like matrix builds, secrets management, and environment-specific configurations to streamline and enhance their development and deployment processes.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "GitHub Actions Documentation",
+        "url": "https://docs.github.com/en/actions",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How to build an iOS app with GitHub Actions",
+        "url": "https://www.andrewhoog.com/post/how-to-build-an-ios-app-with-github-actions-2023/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How to build an iOS app with GitHub Actions",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sd7YhlxZrJw",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "VylaBSDAVFzveVfytI1Fz": {
+    "title": "GitLab",
+    "description": "GitLab is a comprehensive DevOps platform that provides source code management, CI/CD, and project management tools in a single application. It enables teams to manage their entire software development lifecycle, from planning and coding to testing, deployment, and monitoring. GitLab's built-in CI/CD capabilities allow developers to automate the build, test, and deployment processes using pipelines defined in YAML files. It integrates with various version control systems and supports Docker, Kubernetes, and other deployment environments. GitLab's features include issue tracking, code review, and merge request workflows, which enhance collaboration and code quality. The platform also offers robust security features, such as vulnerability management and dependency scanning, to ensure the safety and integrity of the codebase. GitLab can be hosted on-premises or used as a cloud-based service, providing flexibility and scalability for different project needs. Its all-in-one nature simplifies the development process, making it a popular choice for teams seeking to streamline their workflows and improve productivity.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Gitlab Website",
+        "url": "https://about.gitlab.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Tutorial: iOS CI/CD with GitLab",
+        "url": "https://about.gitlab.com/blog/2023/06/07/ios-cicd-with-gitlab/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Mobile DevOps - Apple App Store Integration Demo",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CwzAWVgJeK8",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "r3fNx1Hk_TGlQSDtRnXqF": {
+    "title": "Azure DevOps",
+    "description": "Azure DevOps is a suite of development tools and services offered by Microsoft to support the entire software development lifecycle. It includes Azure Repos for source code management with Git repositories, Azure Pipelines for continuous integration and continuous deployment (CI/CD), Azure Boards for agile project management and tracking, Azure Artifacts for managing and sharing packages, and Azure Test Plans for manual and exploratory testing. Azure DevOps integrates seamlessly with a variety of third-party tools and services, offering flexibility and extensibility. It provides robust security features, comprehensive reporting, and scalable infrastructure, making it suitable for teams of all sizes. By using Azure DevOps, development teams can collaborate more effectively, automate their workflows, and deliver high-quality software more quickly and efficiently.",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Azure DevOps Website",
+        "url": "https://azure.microsoft.com/en-gb/products/devops",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Build, test, and deploy Xcode apps",
+        "url": "https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/devops/pipelines/ecosystems/xcode?view=azure-devops",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Azure DevOps Tutorial for Beginners",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4BibQ69MD8c",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "jZpH-T2hW-XBdprVqemGi": {
+    "title": "App Store Optimization (ASO)",
+    "description": "App Store Optimization (ASO) is the process of improving the visibility and ranking of a mobile app within app stores like Apple's App Store and Google Play. The goal of ASO is to increase app downloads and user engagement. Key strategies include optimizing the app title and description with relevant keywords, creating compelling and clear app icons, and using high-quality screenshots and videos to showcase the app's features. Additionally, gathering positive user reviews and ratings, regularly updating the app to fix bugs and add new features, and encouraging user engagement can significantly enhance an app’s ranking. ASO also involves monitoring and analyzing performance metrics to continually refine and improve the app’s visibility and attractiveness to potential users. Effective ASO leads to higher organic downloads and better overall app performance.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is App Store Optimization (ASO)?",
+        "url": "https://appradar.com/academy/what-is-app-store-optimization-aso",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "5 Essential ASO Strategies to Boost Your App Store Ranking in 2024",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bqM9x-oRZOA",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Advanced App Store Optimization Strategies for 2024",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d8TOuMnMv74",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "fOOQurIL1w3PwH5Mep9x1": {
+    "title": "Keeping Updated with WWDC",
+    "description": "WWDC (Worldwide Developers Conference) is an annual conference held by Apple for software developers. The main objectives of the conference are:\n\n1.  **Presenting New Products**: Apple uses WWDC to announce new versions of its operating systems, such as iOS, macOS, watchOS, and tvOS, as well as new products and technologies.\n2.  **Developer Training**: The conference includes numerous technical sessions, labs, and workshops where developers can receive tips and guidance from Apple engineers on using the latest tools and technologies.\n3.  **Networking**: Developers from around the world gather at WWDC to share experiences and establish valuable connections.\n\nWWDC typically takes place in June and kicks off with a keynote presentation where Tim Cook and other Apple executives introduce major updates and new products.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Worldwide Developers Conference",
+        "url": "https://developer.apple.com/wwdc",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Apple Developer YouTube channel",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/@AppleDeveloper",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "WWDC videos collection by year",
+        "url": "https://developer.apple.com/videos/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "e7qVpQeu2iQL0c9MOMCVe": {
+    "title": "Latest Swift Version",
+    "description": "The latest Swift version can be found in the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Official Swift Website",
+        "url": "https://www.swift.org/download/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Swiftversion.net",
+        "url": "https://swiftversion.net/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "SBlLNfyWzzhdFNtNtkLet": {
+    "title": "Latest iOS SDK",
+    "description": "The latest iOS SDK can be found in the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Apple Developer Website",
+        "url": "https://developer.apple.com/develop/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "0dbdUmWvTIJ0fkUuLp9gR": {
+    "title": "New Feature Announcements",
+    "description": "The latest feature announcements can be found in the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Apple Developer Whats New",
+        "url": "https://developer.apple.com/whats-new/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Apple WDDC Community",
+        "url": "https://developer.apple.com/wwdc24/community/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/public/roadmap-content/javascript.json b/public/roadmap-content/javascript.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0e55582d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/public/roadmap-content/javascript.json
@@ -0,0 +1,2315 @@
+{
+  "6khAD6mzZ9S96JJuC5_j6": {
+    "title": "Introduction to JavaScript",
+    "description": "JavaScript, often abbreviated JS, is a programming language that is one of the core technologies of the World Wide Web, alongside HTML and CSS. It lets us add interactivity to pages e.g. you might have seen sliders, alerts, click interactions, popups, etc on different websites -- all of that is built using JavaScript. Apart from being used in the browser, it is also used in other non-browser environments as well such as Node.js for writing server-side code in JavaScript, Electron for writing desktop applications, React Native for mobile applications, and so on.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "You Dont Know JS Yet (book series)",
+        "url": "https://github.com/getify/You-Dont-Know-JS",
+        "type": "opensource"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "JavaScript MDN Docs",
+        "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "W3Schools – JavaScript Tutorial",
+        "url": "https://www.w3schools.com/js/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "The Modern JavaScript Tutorial",
+        "url": "https://javascript.info/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Exploring JS: JavaScript books for programmers",
+        "url": "https://exploringjs.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Eloquent JavaScript textbook",
+        "url": "https://eloquentjavascript.net/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about JavaScript",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/javascript?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "JavaScript Crash Course for Beginners",
+        "url": "https://youtu.be/hdI2bqOjy3c?t=2",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Build a Netflix Landing Page Clone with HTML, CSS & JS",
+        "url": "https://youtu.be/P7t13SGytRk?t=22",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "UBB-8hUcwo4Mfd0cmEcdA": {
+    "title": "What is JavaScript",
+    "description": "JavaScript, often abbreviated JS, is a programming language that is one of the core technologies of the World Wide Web, alongside HTML and CSS. It lets us add interactivity to pages e.g. you might have seen sliders, alerts, click interactions, popups, etc on different websites -- all of that is built using JavaScript. Apart from being used in the browser, it is also used in other non-browser environments as well such as Node.js for writing server-side code in JavaScript, Electron for writing desktop applications, React Native for mobile applications, and so on.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "JavaScript MDN Docs",
+        "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "W3Schools – JavaScript Tutorial",
+        "url": "https://www.w3schools.com/js/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "The Modern JavaScript Tutorial",
+        "url": "https://javascript.info/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "A Comprehensive Course on JavaScript with Quizzes and Exercises - CodeGuage",
+        "url": "https://www.codeguage.com/courses/js/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Exploring JS: JavaScript books for programmers",
+        "url": "https://exploringjs.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about JavaScript",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/javascript?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "JavaScript Crash Course for Beginners",
+        "url": "https://youtu.be/hdI2bqOjy3c?t=2",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Build a Netflix Landing Page Clone with HTML, CSS & JS",
+        "url": "https://youtu.be/P7t13SGytRk?t=22",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Learn JavaScript - Full Course for Beginners",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PkZNo7MFNFg",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "l-GKzcsBNA0r6Jax8hwnP": {
+    "title": "History of JavaScript",
+    "description": "JavaScript was initially created by Brendan Eich of NetScape and was first announced in a press release by Netscape in 1995. It has a bizarre history of naming; initially, it was named Mocha by the creator, which was later renamed LiveScript. In 1996, about a year later after the release, NetScape decided to rename it to JavaScript with hopes of capitalizing on the Java community (although JavaScript did not have any relationship with Java) and released Netscape 2.0 with the official support of JavaScript.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Brief History of JavaScript",
+        "url": "https://roadmap.sh/guides/history-of-javascript",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "The Weird History of JavaScript",
+        "url": "https://dev.to/codediodeio/the-weird-history-of-javascript-2bnb",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about JavaScript",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/javascript?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "SFPsWnVpZBAw3_re7op4h": {
+    "title": "JavaScript Versions",
+    "description": "JavaScript, invented by Brendan Eich, achieved the status of an ECMA standard in 1997 and adopted the official name ECMAScript. This language has evolved through several versions, namely ES1, ES2, ES3, ES5, and the transformative ES6. These updates have played a crucial role in improving and standardizing JavaScript, making it widely used and valuable in the ever-changing field of web development.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "JavaScript Versions: How JavaScript has changed over the years",
+        "url": "https://www.educative.io/blog/javascript-versions-history",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Brief History of JavaScript",
+        "url": "https://roadmap.sh/guides/history-of-javascript",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "JavaScript Version",
+        "url": "https://www.w3schools.com/js/js_versions.asp",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about JavaScript",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/javascript?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "uXsWIUUxtc4H_iRx3uZv0": {
+    "title": "How to run JavaScript",
+    "description": "JavaScript can be run in the browser by including the external script file using the `script` tag, writing it within the HTML page using the `script` tag again, running it in the browser console or you can also use [REPL](https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-use-the-node-js-repl).\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "How To Add JavaScript to HTML",
+        "url": "https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-add-javascript-to-html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How To Write Your First JavaScript Program",
+        "url": "https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-write-your-first-javascript-program",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How To Use the JavaScript Developer Console",
+        "url": "https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-use-the-javascript-developer-console",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about JavaScript",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/javascript?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "BqbAWt--Guqex-rrb4ZUv": {
+    "title": "Variable Declarations",
+    "description": "To use variables in JavaScript, we first need to create it i.e. declare a variable. To declare variables, we use one of the `var`, `let`, or `const` keywords.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Storing the information you need — Variables",
+        "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/First_steps/Variables",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "JavaScript Variables - CodeGuage",
+        "url": "https://www.codeguage.com/courses/js/variables",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "Lb5jLF91WO5V5CWpifciW": {
+    "title": "Hoisting",
+    "description": "JavaScript Hoisting refers to the process whereby the interpreter appears to move the declaration of functions, variables, or classes to the top of their scope, prior to execution of the code.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is Hoisting - MDN Docs",
+        "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Glossary/Hoisting",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Understanding hoisting ",
+        "url": "https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/understanding-hoisting-in-javascript",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Learn JavaScript Hoisting In 5 Minutes",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EvfRXyKa_GI",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "HfieG3v3wnmpZDfNwEJvZ": {
+    "title": "Variable Naming Rules",
+    "description": "A variable name should accurately identify your variable. When you create good variable names, your JavaScript code becomes easier to understand and easier to work with. Properly naming variables is really important. JavaScript also has some rules when it comes to naming variables; read about these rules through the links below.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "JavaScript Variable Naming Tips - CodeGuage",
+        "url": "https://www.codeguage.com/courses/js/variables#Tips_for_naming_variables",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Understanding Variables in JavaScript",
+        "url": "https://www.informit.com/articles/article.aspx?p=131025&seqNum=3",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Naming JavaScript Variables",
+        "url": "https://www.dummies.com/article/technology/programming-web-design/javascript/naming-javascript-variables-142522/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "JavaScript Naming Conventions",
+        "url": "https://www.robinwieruch.de/javascript-naming-conventions/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Google JavaScript Style Guide",
+        "url": "https://google.github.io/styleguide/jsguide.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "7iMJuaB7yKlSIbT4dBe5L": {
+    "title": "Variable Scopes",
+    "description": "In JavaScript, scope refers to the visibility of a variable or how it can be used after it is declared. The scope of a variable depends on the keyword that was used to declare it.\n\nThe three types of Scope are Global Scope, Function Scope, and Block Scope. Before ES6 (2015), JavaScript had only Global Scope and Function Scope with the `var` keyword. ES6 introduced `let` and `const` which allow Block Scope in JavaScript.\n\nGlobal Scope: Variables declared outside any function or curly braces '{}' have Global Scope, and can be accessed from anywhere within the same Javascript code. `var`, `let` and `const` all provide this Scope.\n\nFunction Scope: Variables declared within a function can only be used within that same function. Outside that function, they are undefined. `var`, `let` and `const` all provide this Scope.\n\nBlock Scope: A block is any part of JavaScript code bounded by '{}'. Variables declared within a block can not be accessed outside that block. This Scope is only provided by the `let` and `const` keywords. If you declare a variable within a block using the `var` keyword, it will NOT have Block Scope.\n\nLocal Scope: Local variables are only recognized inside their functions, variables with the same name can be used in different functions. Local variables are created when a function starts, and deleted when the function is completed. `var`, `let` and `const` all provide this Scope.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "JavaScript Scope",
+        "url": "https://www.w3schools.com/js/js_scope.asp",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "javascript scope",
+        "url": "https://wesbos.com/javascript/03-the-tricky-bits/scope",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Understanding Global Local Function Block Scope",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_E96W6ivHng",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "JSjeM8qnBg4onXq9mn5gB": {
+    "title": "var",
+    "description": "The var statement declares a function-scoped or globally-scoped variable, optionally initializing it to a value.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "var keyword - MDN",
+        "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Statements/var",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "JavaScript Variables",
+        "url": "https://javascript.info/variables",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "JavaScript Variables - W3Schools",
+        "url": "https://www.w3schools.com/js/js_variables.asp",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Declaring Variables without Var, Let, Const - What Would Happen?",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6UAKBYpUC-Y",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "kDRa9G3pMp0Cb0mqYUawM": {
+    "title": "let",
+    "description": "The `let` declaration declares a block-scoped local variable, optionally initializing it to a value.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "let keyword - MDN Docs",
+        "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Statements/let",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "JavaScript Variables",
+        "url": "https://javascript.info/variables",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "q85z6x1Lc-yLWepwtIT2_": {
+    "title": "const",
+    "description": "Constants are block-scoped, much like variables declared using the `let` keyword. The value of a constant can't be changed through reassignment (i.e. by using the assignment operator), and it can't be redeclared (i.e. through a variable declaration). However, if a constant is an object or array its properties or items can be updated or removed.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "JavaScript Constants - CodeGuage",
+        "url": "https://www.codeguage.com/courses/js/constants",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "const keyword - MDN Docs",
+        "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Statements/const",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "JavaScript Variables",
+        "url": "https://javascript.info/variables",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "uqEzHYx13Y2EpvTTRzykn": {
+    "title": "Block",
+    "description": "This scope restricts the variable that is declared inside a specific block, from access by the outside of the block. The let & const keyword facilitates the variables to be block scoped. In order to access the variables of that specific block, we need to create an object for it. Variables declared with the var keyword, do not have block scope.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "JavaScript Scope",
+        "url": "https://www.w3schools.com/js/js_scope.asp",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Block Scoping in JavaScript",
+        "url": "https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/javascript-es2015-block-scoping",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "YMT7O6lrMSMtNo0EnmsnQ": {
+    "title": "Function",
+    "description": "When a variable is declared inside a function, it is only accessible within that function and cannot be used outside that function.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "JavaScript Scope",
+        "url": "https://www.w3schools.com/js/js_scope.asp",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Function Scope & Block Scope in JS",
+        "url": "https://medium.com/nerd-for-tech/function-scope-block-scope-in-js-d29c8e7cd216",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "oC4o6GLEES_nUgCJu9Q6I": {
+    "title": "Global",
+    "description": "Variables declared Globally (outside any function) have Global Scope. Global variables can be accessed from anywhere in a JavaScript program. Variables declared with `var`, `let` and `const` are quite similar when declared outside a block.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "JavaScript Scope",
+        "url": "https://www.w3schools.com/js/js_scope.asp",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "kvActjpU4FUJdrmuFoFEe": {
+    "title": "All about Variables",
+    "description": "Most of the time, a JavaScript application needs to work with information. To store and represent this information in the JavaScript codebase, we use variables. A variable is a container for a value.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "JavaScript Variables",
+        "url": "https://javascript.info/variables",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Storing the information you need — Variables",
+        "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/First_steps/Variables",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about JavaScript",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/javascript?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "-jbPPuEXacBR0d0CWPHgd": {
+    "title": "Data Types",
+    "description": "Data type refers to the type of data that a JavaScript variable can hold. There are seven primitive data types in JavaScript (Number, BigInt, String, Boolean, Null, Undefined and Symbol). Objects are non-primitives.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "JavaScript Data Types - CodeGuage",
+        "url": "https://www.codeguage.com/courses/js/data-types",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "JavaScript data types and data structures",
+        "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "JavaScript Data Types",
+        "url": "https://www.w3schools.com/js/js_datatypes.asp",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "JavaScript Data Types",
+        "url": "https://javascript.info/types",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about JavaScript",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/javascript?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "1RcwBHU3jzx0YxxUGZic4": {
+    "title": "string",
+    "description": "String is a primitive type that holds a sequence of characters. String in Javascript is written within a pair of single quotation marks '' or double quotation marks \"\". Both quotes can be used to contain a string but only if the starting quote is the same as the end quote.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "String",
+        "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/String",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "ZLs0NKM0lrnOy5ATDhlk0": {
+    "title": "undefined",
+    "description": "undefined is a Primitive data type in Javascript.\n\nWhenever a variable is declared but not initialized or assigned a value, then it is stored as undefined. A function returns undefined if a value was not returned. A method or statement also returns undefined if the variable that is being evaluated does not have an assigned value.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "undefined in JS",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B7iF6G3EyIk&list=PLlasXeu85E9cQ32gLCvAvr9vNaUccPVNP&index=8",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "GZ_SXsWmP7AsXRTc4WUMw": {
+    "title": "number",
+    "description": "The `Number` data type in JavaScript represents floating-point numbers, such as 37 or -9.25. The `Number` constructor provides constants and methods to work with numbers, and values of other types can be converted to numbers using the `Number()` function.\n\n### Example\n\n    let num1 = 255; // integer\n    let num2 = 255.0; // floating-point number with no fractional part\n    let num3 = 0xff; // hexadecimal notation\n    let num4 = 0b11111111; // binary notation\n    let num5 = 0.255e3; // exponential notation\n    \n    console.log(num1 === num2); // true\n    console.log(num1 === num3); // true\n    console.log(num1 === num4); // true\n    console.log(num1 === num5); // true\n    \n\nIn this example:\n\n*   `255` and `255.0` are equivalent, as JavaScript treats both as the same number.\n*   `0xff` represents `255` in hexadecimal notation.\n*   `0b11111111` represents `255` in binary notation.\n*   `0.255e3` is `255` in exponential notation.\n*   All these different representations are equal to `255` in JavaScript.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "6lUF0neW1piiP1RsaVxEX": {
+    "title": "bigint",
+    "description": "BigInt is a built-in JavaScript object that allows you to work with integers of arbitrary size.\n\nUnlike the Number type, which can accurately represent integers only within the range of ±2^53 , BigInt can handle integers far beyond this limit. This makes it particularly useful for applications requiring high precision with very large numbers, such as cryptography or scientific computations.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "BigInt",
+        "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/BigInt",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "The Whys and Hows Of BigInt",
+        "url": "https://youtu.be/6I650PQfhMg?si=XyVGrmp4KWLRcHVj",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "b1HvkoWA2t4kt8mS6FySm": {
+    "title": "boolean",
+    "description": "In JavaScript, a `boolean` is a simple data type that can hold one of two values: `true` or `false`. These values are used to represent logical states and are essential in controlling the flow of a program.\n\nBooleans are commonly used in conditional statements (`if`, `else`, `while`, etc.) to determine whether a block of code should execute.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "JavaScript Boolean",
+        "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Boolean",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Booleans in JavaScript",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B4ZCFdrBmbE",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "CxyNyFMuTLS3owtRMgClD": {
+    "title": "null",
+    "description": "The `null` value in JavaScript signifies the deliberate absence of any object value. It is considered as one of JavaScript's primitive values and a `falsy` value.\n\n_Deliberate absence_ emphasises the intentional use of `null` to indicate that a variable does not point to any object. This explicit declaration conveys the purposeful nature of null, showing that the variable is meant to be empty or non-existent at execution time.\n\nIn essence, `null` is a way to reset a variable, signalling that it should not reference any object.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is null in JavaScript",
+        "url": "https://www.altcademy.com/blog/what-is-null-in-javascript/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "null in JavaScript",
+        "url": "https://masteringjs.io/tutorials/fundamentals/null",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "R6ICrk6vjoBxx5nRGo4Jg": {
+    "title": "Symbol",
+    "description": "Symbols are a unique and immutable primitive data type in JavaScript, introduced in ECMAScript 6 (ES6). They are often used to create unique property keys for objects, ensuring that no property key collisions occur. Each Symbol value is unique, even if created with the same description. Symbols can be created using the Symbol() function, and their primary use case is to add hidden or special properties to objects that won’t interfere with other properties or methods.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Symbol data type in JavaScript",
+        "url": "https://www.javascripttutorial.net/symbol/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Symbol type",
+        "url": "https://javascript.info/symbol",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "xe8HZ8Mt1fK8yJMcDPYHJ": {
+    "title": "Object",
+    "description": "JavaScript object is a data structure that allows us to have key-value pairs; so we can have distinct keys and each key is mapped to a value that can be of any JavaScript data type. Comparing it to a real-world object, a pen is an object with several properties such as color, design, the material it is made of, etc. In the same way, JavaScript objects can have properties that define their characteristics.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Objects",
+        "url": "https://javascript.info/object",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Working with Objects",
+        "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Working_with_Objects",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "JavaScript Object Definition",
+        "url": "https://www.w3schools.com/js/js_object_definition.asp",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "0I6dJE0ygXPGjeRAe8AtT": {
+    "title": "Object Prototype",
+    "description": "JavaScript is an object-oriented language built around a prototype model. In JavaScript, every object inherits properties from its prototype, if there are any. A prototype is simply an object from which another object inherits properties. To create complex programs using JavaScript, one has to be proficient in working with prototypes — they form the very core of OOP in the language.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Prototypes in JavaScript - A Comprehensive Guide",
+        "url": "https://www.codeguage.com/courses/js/objects-prototypes",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Prototypes, Inheritance",
+        "url": "https://javascript.info/prototypes",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Object prototypes - MDN",
+        "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Objects/Object_prototypes",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Prototype in Javascript - Object Prototype",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=583MGxjypgU",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "Xge6eru1hRGobnOEHLZqv": {
+    "title": "Prototypal Inheritance",
+    "description": "The Prototypal Inheritance is a feature in javascript used to add methods and properties in objects. It is a method by which an object can inherit the properties and methods of another object. Traditionally, in order to get and set the Prototype of an object, we use Object.getPrototypeOf and Object.setPrototypeOf.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "JavaScript MDN Docs",
+        "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Inheritance_and_the_prototype_chain",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Prototype Inheritance",
+        "url": "https://javascript.info/prototype-inheritance",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "RRACLQ6-aopkxImIp3Toc": {
+    "title": "typeof operator",
+    "description": "You can use the typeOf operator to find the data type of a JavaScript variable. It returns a string indicating the type of provided operand's value.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Typeof Reference",
+        "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/typeof",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Typeof Live Examples",
+        "url": "https://www.w3schools.com/js/tryit.asp?filename=tryjs_typeof_all",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "D95ndkkwmT5X_HqboEn6E": {
+    "title": "Built-in Objects",
+    "description": "Built-in objects, or \"global objects\", are those built into the language specification itself. There are numerous built-in objects with the JavaScript language, all of which are accessible at the global scope. Some examples are:\n\n*   `Number`\n*   `Math`\n*   `Date`\n*   `String`\n*   `Error`\n*   `Function`\n*   `Boolean`\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Standard built-in objects",
+        "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "JavaScript Built-in Objects",
+        "url": "https://www.tutorialride.com/javascript/javascript-built-in-objects.htm",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "XPmBieVCXvL3WbWkYRoKr": {
+    "title": "Type Casting",
+    "description": "Type conversion (or typecasting) means the transfer of data from one data type to another. Implicit conversion happens when the compiler (for compiled languages) or runtime (for script languages like [JavaScript](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Glossary/JavaScript)) automatically converts data types. The source code can also explicitly require a conversion to take place.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Type Conversions",
+        "url": "https://javascript.info/type-conversions",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "JavaScript Type Conversion",
+        "url": "https://www.w3schools.com/js/js_type_conversion.asp",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Type Casting in JavaScript",
+        "url": "https://www.tutorialspoint.com/type-casting-in-javascript",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about JavaScript",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/javascript?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "_Bo2YZqZ_gY35SLPML4T6": {
+    "title": "Type Conversion vs Coercion",
+    "description": "Type coercion is the automatic or implicit conversion of values from one data type to another (such as strings to numbers). Type conversion is similar to type coercion because they convert values from one data type to another with one key difference — type coercion is implicit. In contrast, type conversion can be either implicit or explicit.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Type Conversion - MDN",
+        "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Glossary/Type_Conversion",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Type Coercion - MDN",
+        "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Glossary/Type_coercion",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Type Conversion and Coercion video",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jfQyMPzPTjY",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "1xhjrRN-Rfekei2JwwU7Y": {
+    "title": "Explicit Type Casting",
+    "description": "Type casting means transferring data from one data type to another by explicitly specifying the type to convert the given data to. Explicit type casting is normally done to make data compatible with other variables. Examples of typecasting methods are `parseInt()`, `parseFloat()`, `toString()`.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Type Conversion",
+        "url": "https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/article/type-conversions-in-javascript/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Type conversion",
+        "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Glossary/Type_Conversion",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is typecasting in JavaScript",
+        "url": "https://www.tutorialspoint.com/explain-typecasting-in-javascript",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Data Type Conversion",
+        "url": "https://youtu.be/VQLYiFqetZM",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "pP42K_eH4RCdUdUS8BJlP": {
+    "title": "Implicit Type Casting",
+    "description": "Implicit type conversion happens when the compiler or runtime automatically converts data types. JavaScript is loosely typed language and most of the time operators automatically convert a value to the right type.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "W3Schools - JavaScript Tutorials",
+        "url": "https://www.w3schools.com/js/js_type_conversion.asp",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "TutorialsPoint - JavaScript Tutorials",
+        "url": "https://www.tutorialspoint.com/explain-typecasting-in-javascript",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What you need to know about Javascripts Implicit Coercion",
+        "url": "https://dev.to/promisetochi/what-you-need-to-know-about-javascripts-implicit-coercion-e23",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "ADarwihuI2nBq1C3U7-Zr": {
+    "title": "Data Structures",
+    "description": "A Data structure is a format to organize, manage and store data in a way that allows efficient access and modification. JavaScript has primitive (built-in) and non-primitive (not built-in) data structures. Primitive data structures come by default with the programming language and you can implement them out of the box (like arrays and objects). Non-primitive data structures don't come by default and you have to code them up if you want to use them.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about JavaScript",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/javascript?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Introduction to the Stack Data Structure",
+        "url": "https://youtu.be/4F-BnR2XwqU",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Introduction to the Queue Data Structure",
+        "url": "https://youtu.be/GRA_3Ppl2ZI",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Intro to Recursion: Anatomy of a Recursive Solution",
+        "url": "https://youtu.be/yBWlPte6FhA",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Binary Tree Algorithms for Technical Interviews - Full Course",
+        "url": "https://youtu.be/fAAZixBzIAI",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Graph Algorithms for Technical Interviews - Full Course",
+        "url": "https://youtu.be/tWVWeAqZ0WU",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Dynamic Programming - Learn to Solve Algorithmic Problems & Coding Challenges",
+        "url": "https://youtu.be/oBt53YbR9Kk",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "rhJrrqkRqy2Qw_he4SPGz": {
+    "title": "Keyed Collections",
+    "description": "Keyed collections are data collections that are ordered by key not index. They are associative in nature. Map and set objects are keyed collections and are iterable in the order of insertion.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Keyed collections",
+        "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Keyed_collections",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "ES6 keyed collections- Maps and sets",
+        "url": "https://blog.logrocket.com/es6-keyed-collections-maps-and-sets/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Creating keyed collection",
+        "url": "https://youtu.be/4UqSqF4foy4",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "Xc0jL4rafpI-ixIaAxo9O": {
+    "title": "Map",
+    "description": "[Map](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Map) is a collection of keyed data items, just like an `Object`. But the main difference is that `Map` allows keys of any type.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Map - Keyed Collections",
+        "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Map",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Map Data Type",
+        "url": "https://javascript.info/map-set#map",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "6icsjC4aisDgPWasVuCOt": {
+    "title": "Weak Map",
+    "description": "[WeakMap](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/WeakMap) is a Map-like collection of key/value pairs whose keys must be objects, it removes them once they become inaccessible by other means\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "WeakMap",
+        "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/WeakMap",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "WeakMap and WeakSet",
+        "url": "https://javascript.info/weakmap-weakset",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "sciU68E13mcfL577y6Vim": {
+    "title": "Set",
+    "description": "The `Set` object lets you store unique values of any type, whether [primitive](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Glossary/Primitive) values or object references. A value in the `Set` may only occur once; it is unique in the `Set`'s collection.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Set - JavaScript",
+        "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Set",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Set - ExploringJS",
+        "url": "https://exploringjs.com/impatient-js/ch_sets.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "DSFzj61N9ojz29mjExhVa": {
+    "title": "Weak Set",
+    "description": "`WeakSet` objects are collections of objects. Just as with `Sets`, each object in a `WeakSet` may occur only once; all objects in a `WeakSet`'s collection are unique.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "WeakSet",
+        "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/WeakSet",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "WeakMap and WeakSet",
+        "url": "https://javascript.info/weakmap-weakset",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "lBOGoHZrmnIRatvryDwTm": {
+    "title": "Indexed Collections",
+    "description": "Indexed Collections are collections that have numeric indices i.e. the collections of data that are ordered by an index value. In JavaScript, an array is an indexed collection. An array is an ordered set of values that has a numeric index.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is Indexed collections?",
+        "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Indexed_collections",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Indexed collections in JavaScript",
+        "url": "https://www.tutorialspoint.com/indexed-collections-in-javascript",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Javascript Arrays",
+        "url": "https://youtu.be/XYq9QpgAx8g",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "8X1mdQ3NDBVOZZWBbAFRE": {
+    "title": "Typed Arrays",
+    "description": "In Javascript, a typed array is an array-like buffer of binary data. There is no JavaScript property or object named TypedArray, but properties and methods can be used with typed array objects.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "JavaScript typed arrays",
+        "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Typed_arrays",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Intro to Typed Arrays in JavaScript",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UYkJaW3pmj0",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "NZedBxG9B9TRVOf2QE2yL": {
+    "title": "Arrays",
+    "description": "Arrays are objects that store a collection of items and can be assigned to a variable. They have their methods that can perform operations on the array.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Working with Arrays in JavaScript",
+        "url": "https://javascript.info/array",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "JavaScript Arrays",
+        "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Array",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "JavaScript Arrays",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oigfaZ5ApsM",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "JwLGAuSOTyZ5BHSqeBDU6": {
+    "title": "Structured Data",
+    "description": "Structured data is used by search-engines, like Google, to understand the content of the page, as well as to gather information about the web and the world in general.\n\nIt is also coded using in-page markup on the page that the information applies to.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Google Developers docs",
+        "url": "https://developers.google.com/search/docs/appearance/structured-data/intro-structured-data",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "bFNvtHp97OzKnPJgr7WaH": {
+    "title": "JSON",
+    "description": "JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) is a standard text-based format for representing structured data based on JavaScript object syntax. It is commonly used for transmitting data in web applications (e.g., sending some data from the server to the client, so it can be displayed on a web page, or vice versa).\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Working with JSON",
+        "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Objects/JSON",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "JSON Tutorial for Beginners",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iiADhChRriM",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "23Xa6q5VvRVlzc6Dx8vST": {
+    "title": "Equality Comparisons",
+    "description": "Comparison operators are used in logical statements to determine equality or difference between variables or values. Comparison operators can be used in conditional statements to compare values and take action depending on the result.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "JavaScript Comparisons",
+        "url": "https://www.w3schools.com/js/js_comparisons.asp",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "JavaScript Equality Operators",
+        "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators#equality_operators",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about JavaScript",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/javascript?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "RonBj1htt6jnBt3W7zoTA": {
+    "title": "==",
+    "description": "In javascript, the `==` operator does the type conversion of the operands before comparison, whereas the `===` operator compares the values and the data types of the operands. The `Object.is()` method determines whether two values are the same value: `Object.is(value1, value2)`.\n\n`Object.is()` is not equivalent to the `==` operator. The `==` operator applies various coercions to both sides (if they are not the same type) before testing for equality (resulting in such behavior as `\"\" == false` being `true`), but `Object.is()` doesn't coerce either value.\n\n`Object.is()` is also not equivalent to the `===` operator. The only difference between `Object.is()` and `===` is in their treatment of signed zeros and `NaN` values. The `===` operator (and the `==` operator) treats the number values `-0` and `+0` as equal but treats `NaN` as not equal to each other.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Equality comparisons and sameness - MDN",
+        "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Equality_comparisons_and_sameness#same-value_equality_using_object.is",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "lJwcc6JoUIQoiQ6FkV2KW": {
+    "title": "===",
+    "description": "In JavaScript, the strict equality operator `===` compares both the value and the type of two operands. This means that it will only return true if both the value and the type are identical.\n\n    \"5\" === \"5\"   // true\n    \n\nIn this case, both the value and the type are the same, so the result is true.\n\n    \"5\" === 5   // false\n    \n\nHere, although the values might appear similar, the types are different (string and number), so the result is false. The strict equality operator does not perform type coercion; both the value and the type must be identical.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Strict equality - MDN",
+        "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/Strict_equality",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "ATma3bLKdmWY_WTsPIKxh": {
+    "title": "Object.is",
+    "description": "The [Object.is](http://Object.is)() static method determines whether two values are the same value.\n\n    console.log(Object.is('1', 1));\n    // Expected output: false\n    \n    console.log(Object.is(NaN, NaN));\n    // Expected output: true\n    \n    console.log(Object.is(-0, 0));\n    // Expected output: false\n    \n    const obj = {};\n    console.log(Object.is(obj, {}));\n    // Expected output: false\n    \n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Object.is() - MDN",
+        "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object/is",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "PLallt_T33W6bUEn0Hc3W": {
+    "title": "isLooselyEqual",
+    "description": "[isLooselyEqual](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/Equality) checks whether its two operands are equal, returning a `Boolean` result. It attempts to convert and compare operands that are of different types.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Loosely Equality (==) Operator",
+        "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/Equality",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Comparison - javascript.info",
+        "url": "https://javascript.info/comparison",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "pcILon_Jjm2_XS10iUJ0E": {
+    "title": "isStrictlyEqual",
+    "description": "[isStrictlyEqual](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/Strict_equality) checks whether its two operands are equal, returning a `Boolean` result. It always considers operands of different types to be different.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Strictly Equality (===) Operator",
+        "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/Strict_equality",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Comparison - javascript.info",
+        "url": "https://javascript.info/comparison",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "fL3B2hkTgMb0oEwMiWJtK": {
+    "title": "SameValueZero",
+    "description": "[SameValueZero](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Equality_comparisons_and_sameness#same-value-zero_equality) equality determines whether two values are functionally identical in all contexts with +0 and -0 are also considered equal.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Same-value-zero equality",
+        "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Equality_comparisons_and_sameness#same-value-zero_equality",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "YD-2l_amfqqqCdtc_Zdzo": {
+    "title": "Loops and Iterations",
+    "description": "Loops offer a quick and easy way to do something repeatedly.\n\nYou can think of a loop as a computerized version of the game where you tell someone to take X steps in one direction, then Y steps in another. For example, the idea \"Go five steps to the east\" could be expressed this way as a loop:\n\n    for (let step = 0; step < 5; step++) {\n      // Runs 5 times, with values of step 0 through 4.\n      console.log('Walking east one step');\n    }\n    \n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Loops and iteration",
+        "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Loops_and_iteration",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about JavaScript",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/javascript?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "2M211rcaPSWbZ-sPoSEVR": {
+    "title": "for",
+    "description": "The `for` loop is a standard control-flow construct in many programming languages, including JavaScript. It's commonly used to iterate over given sequences or iterate a known number of times and execute a piece of code for each iteration.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "JavaScript for Loop - CodeGuage",
+        "url": "https://www.codeguage.com/courses/js/loops-for-loop",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "The for Loop - MDN",
+        "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Statements/for",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "57lO_3uxJaWsFXS-0J1AK": {
+    "title": "do...while",
+    "description": "The `do...while` statement creates a loop that executes a specified statement until the test condition evaluates to `false`. The condition is evaluated after executing the statement, resulting in the specified statement executing at least once.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "do...while - MDN",
+        "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Statements/do...while",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "JavaScript do...while Loop - W3Schools",
+        "url": "https://www.w3schools.com/jsref/jsref_dowhile.asp",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "9-MpHmzK_IiCi6IcvAlGM": {
+    "title": "while",
+    "description": "The `while` statement creates a loop that executes a specified statement as long as the test condition evaluates to `true`. The condition is evaluated before executing the statement.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "While Statement - MDN",
+        "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Statements/while",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "The while Loop - CodeGuage",
+        "url": "https://www.codeguage.com/courses/js/loops-while-loop",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "cq3vvFZoNnAAZJ6oEBUwb": {
+    "title": "for...in loop",
+    "description": "The for...in statement iterates over all enumerable properties of an object that are keyed by strings (ignoring ones keyed by Symbols), including inherited enumerable properties.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "for...in statement - MDN",
+        "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Statements/for...in",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "The for..in loop with examples",
+        "url": "https://javascript.info/object#forin",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "FBz6h_AmTJBXoBN-a38a5": {
+    "title": "for...of loop",
+    "description": "The for...of statement executes a loop that operates on a sequence of values sourced from an iterable object. Iterable objects include instances of built-ins such as Array, String, TypedArray, Map, Set, NodeList (and other DOM collections), and the arguments object, generators produced by generator functions, and user-defined iterables.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "for...of statement - MDN",
+        "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Statements/for...of",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "4oHFzn7R7xLxfuLpsJjr-": {
+    "title": "break / continue",
+    "description": "`break` statement, without a label reference, can only be used to jump out of a loop or a switch block.\n\n`continue` statement, with or without a label reference, can only be used to skip one loop iteration.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "JavaScript MDN Docs - continue statement",
+        "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Statements/continue",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "JavaScript MDN Docs - break statement",
+        "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Statements/break",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "W3Schools – JavaScript Tutorial",
+        "url": "https://www.w3schools.com/js/js_break.asp",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "3tckJ2Sci7z-sNx9jx9eF": {
+    "title": "Control Flow",
+    "description": "In JavaScript, the `Control flow` is a way of how your computer runs code from top to bottom. It starts from the first line and ends at the last line unless it hits any statement that changes the control flow of the program such as loops, conditionals, etc.\n\nWe can control the flow of the program through any of these control structures:\n\n*   Sequential (default mode)\n*   Conditional Statements\n*   Exception Handling\n*   Loops and Iterations\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Control Flow - MDN",
+        "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Glossary/Control_flow",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about JavaScript",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/javascript?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "34TKGxV9YziOWMh9rT_KE": {
+    "title": "Exceptional Handling",
+    "description": "In JavaScript, all exceptions are simply objects. While the majority of exceptions are implementations of the global Error class, any old object can be thrown. With this in mind, there are two ways to throw an exception: directly via an Error object, and through a custom object. (excerpt from Rollbar)\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Throwing Exceptions in JavaScript",
+        "url": "https://rollbar.com/guides/javascript/how-to-throw-exceptions-in-javascript",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "try, catch, finally, throw (video)",
+        "url": "https://youtu.be/cFTFtuEQ-10",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "ttCsd2_H2SuRivCjGv1OX": {
+    "title": "Conditional Statements",
+    "description": "When you write code, you often want to perform different actions for different decisions. You can use conditional statements in your code to do this. In JavaScript, we have three conditional statements: `if`, `if...else`, and `switch`.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Making decisions in your code — conditionals",
+        "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Building_blocks/conditionals",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Conditional branching: if, ?",
+        "url": "https://javascript.info/ifelse",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "ndbDXAx6bL4lZmpXv16Y_": {
+    "title": "if...else",
+    "description": "The `if` statement executes a statement if a specified condition is `truthy`. If the condition is `falsy`, another statement in the optional `else` clause will be executed.\n\nExample\n-------\n\n    if (condition) {\n      statement1;\n    } else {\n      statement2;\n    }\n    \n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "if...else - MDN docs",
+        "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Statements/if...else",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Conditional branching: if, ? - javascript.info",
+        "url": "https://javascript.info/ifelse",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "H_QlcUlavKKfcNK8CYAvb": {
+    "title": "Switch",
+    "description": "The `switch` statement evaluates an expression, matching the expression's value against a series of `case` clauses, and executes statements after the first `case` clause with a matching value, until a `break` statement is encountered. The `default` clause of a `switch` statement will be jumped to if no `case` matches the expression's value.\n\nExample\n-------\n\n    switch (expression) {\n      case value1:\n        //Statements executed when the result of expression matches value1\n        break;\n      case value2:\n        //Statements executed when the result of expression matches value2\n        break;\n      ...\n      case valueN:\n        //Statements executed when the result of expression matches valueN\n        break;\n      default:\n        //Statements executed when none of the values match the value of the expression\n        break;\n    }\n    \n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "switch - MDN",
+        "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Statements/switch",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "The switch Statement: Why, What and How - CodeGuage",
+        "url": "https://www.codeguage.com/courses/js/conditions-switch",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "The switch statement - javascript.info",
+        "url": "https://javascript.info/switch",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "ReGIniyLYl5hGExchrJd2": {
+    "title": "throw statement",
+    "description": "The throw statement throws a user-defined exception. Execution of the current function will stop (the statements after throw won't be executed), and control will be passed to the first catch block in the call stack. If no catch block exists among caller functions, the program will terminate. (excerpt from MDN)\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "throw statement - w3schools",
+        "url": "https://www.w3schools.com/jsref/jsref_throw.asp",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "JavaScript MDN Docs",
+        "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-us/docs/web/javascript/reference/statements/throw",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Error Handling",
+        "url": "https://javascript.info/error-handling",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "\"Throw\" operator",
+        "url": "https://javascript.info/try-catch#throw-operator",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "rbjEZe5vxCJ8reI1oZ-jf": {
+    "title": "try/catch/finally",
+    "description": "These are ways of handling errors in your JavaScript code. Inside the try code block we have the code to run, inside the catch block we handle the errors, and inside the finally block we have code that runs after the execution of the previous code blocks, regardless of the result.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "JavaScript Errors",
+        "url": "https://www.w3schools.com/js/js_errors.asp",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "-z-4VTaC3tOThqChgyoMs": {
+    "title": "Error Objects",
+    "description": "When a runtime error occurs, a new `Error` object is created and thrown. With this `Error` object, we can determine the type of the Error and handle it according to its type.\n\nTypes of Errors:\n----------------\n\nBesides error constructors, Javascript also has other core Error constructors.\n\n*   [@article@AggregateError](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/AggregateError)\n*   [@article@EvalError](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/EvalError)\n*   [@article@InternalError](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/InternalError)\n*   [@article@RangeError](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/RangeError)\n*   [@article@ReferenceError](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/ReferenceError)\n*   [@article@SyntaxError](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/SyntaxError)\n\nExample\n-------\n\n    try {\n      willGiveErrorSometime();\n    } catch (error) {\n      if (error instanceof RangeError) {\n        rangeErrorHandler(error);\n      } else if (error instanceof ReferenceError) {\n        referenceErrorHandle(error);\n      } else {\n        errorHandler(error);\n      }\n    }\n    \n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Error Object - MDN",
+        "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Error",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Control flow & Error handling - MDN",
+        "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Control_flow_and_error_handling",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "_6vZa43gWjxO2OcD1iCCQ": {
+    "title": "Expressions & Operators",
+    "description": "At a high level, an expression is a valid unit of code that resolves to a value. There are two types of expressions: those that have side effects (such as assigning values) and those that purely evaluate. The expression `x = 7` is an example of the first type. This expression uses the `=` operator to assign the value seven to the variable x. The expression itself evaluates to 7. The expression `3 + 4` is an example of the second type. This expression uses the `+` operator to add `3` and `4` together and produces a value, `7`. However, if it's not eventually part of a bigger construct (for example, a variable declaration like `const z = 3 + 4`), its result will be immediately discarded `—` this is usually a programmer mistake because the evaluation doesn't produce any effects. As the examples above also illustrate, all complex expressions are joined by operators, such as `=` and `+`.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Expressions and operators",
+        "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Expressions_and_Operators",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about JavaScript",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/javascript?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "IvBtUzIGnkgGXrJjqmjf4": {
+    "title": "Assignment Operators",
+    "description": "An assignment operator assigns a value to its left operand based on the value of its right operand. The simple assignment operator is equal (`=`), which assigns the value of its right operand to its left operand. That is, `x = f()` is an assignment expression that assigns the value of `f()` to `x`.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Assignment Operators",
+        "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Expressions_and_Operators#assignment_operators",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Basic Operators",
+        "url": "https://javascript.info/operators#assignment",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "-v4_V4UuoZSgUk2sqOCim": {
+    "title": "Comparison Operators",
+    "description": "Comparison operators are the operators that compare values and return true or false. The operators include: `>`, `<`, `>=`, `<=`, `==`, `===`, `!=` and `!==`\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "W3Schools - JavaScript Tutorials",
+        "url": "https://www.w3schools.com/js/js_comparisons.asp",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "JavaScript MDN Docs",
+        "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Expressions_and_Operators#comparison_operators",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Comparison operators",
+        "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Expressions_and_Operators#comparison_operators",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "0PK1NwlgkNe2Vf-We4uLH": {
+    "title": "Arithmetic Operators",
+    "description": "The Arithmetic operators perform addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, exponentiation, and remainder operations.\n\nArithmetic operators in JavaScript are as follows:\n\n*   `+` (Addition)\n*   `-` (Subtraction)\n*   `*` (Multiplication)\n*   `**` (Exponentiation)\n*   `/` (Division)\n*   `%` (Modulus i.e. Remainder)\n*   `++` (Increment)\n*   `--` (Decrement)\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Arithmetic Operators - MDN",
+        "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators#arithmetic_operators",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Arithmetic Operators - JavaScript.info",
+        "url": "https://javascript.info/operators#maths",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "JavaScript Arithmetic Operators",
+        "url": "https://www.w3schools.com/js/js_arithmetic.asp",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "ghjNJW67Wj5L5QK46xwL-": {
+    "title": "Bitwise Operators",
+    "description": "Bitwise operators treat arguments as 32-bits (zeros & ones) and work on the level of their binary representation. Ex. Decimal number `9` has a binary representation of `1001`. Bitwise operators perform their operations on such binary representations, but they return standard JavaScript numerical values.\n\nBitwise operators in JavaScript are as follows:\n\n*   `&` (AND)\n*   `|` (OR)\n*   `^` (XOR)\n*   `~` (NOT)\n*   `<<` (Left SHIFT)\n*   `>>` (Right SHIFT)\n*   `>>>` (Zero-Fill Right SHIFT)\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Bitwise Operators - MDN",
+        "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Expressions_and_Operators#bitwise_operators",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Bitwise Operators - JavaScript.info",
+        "url": "https://javascript.info/operators#bitwise-operators",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "bo4SvzU4BrPl3c99zW7Y5": {
+    "title": "Logical Operators",
+    "description": "There are four logical operators in JavaScript: `||` (OR), `&&` (AND), `!` (NOT), `??` (Nullish Coalescing).\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Logical Operators - MDN",
+        "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators#binary_logical_operators",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "udoz0DZi7f-vm30dSnYKu": {
+    "title": "BigInt Operators",
+    "description": "Most operators that can be used with the `Number` data type will also work with `BigInt` values (e.g. arithmetic, comparison, etc.). However, the unsigned right shift `>>>` operator is an exception and is not supported. Similarly, some operators may have slight differences in behaviour (for example, division with `BigInt` will round towards zero).\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "BigInt Operators",
+        "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Expressions_and_Operators#bigint_operators",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "c38b6t5f17Zg2O2yg3eFP": {
+    "title": "String Operators",
+    "description": "In addition to the comparison operators, which can be used on string values, the concatenation operator (`+`) concatenates two string values together, returning another string that is the union of the two operand strings.\n\nThe shorthand assignment operator `+=` can also be used to concatenate strings.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "JavaScript MDN Tutorials",
+        "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Expressions_and_Operators#string_operators",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "String Concatenation - JavaScript.info",
+        "url": "https://javascript.info/operators#string-concatenation-with-binary",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "640mk-m5mB90Mme-7jcXV": {
+    "title": "Conditional Operators",
+    "description": "Conditional operator also known as Ternary operator is the only JS operator that takes three operands.\n\nThe operator can have one of two values based on a condition.\n\nSyntax:\n\n`condition ? val_for_true : val_for_false`\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "JavaScript MDN Docs",
+        "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Expressions_and_Operators#conditional_operator",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "W3Schools - JavaScript Tutorials",
+        "url": "https://www.w3schools.com/js/js_comparisons.asp",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "6_8EwyZY2jBkZr7xnfRY3": {
+    "title": "Comma Operators",
+    "description": "The comma operator (`,`) evaluates each of its operands (from left to right) and returns the value of the last operand. This lets you create a compound expression in which multiple expressions are evaluated, with the compound expression's final value being the value of the rightmost of its member expressions. This is commonly used to provide multiple parameters to a `for` loop.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Comma operator",
+        "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/Comma_Operator",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "k9rSR-YQ8B_iRcXNm2btP": {
+    "title": "Unary Opeartors",
+    "description": "JavaScript Unary Operators are the special operators that consider a single operand and perform all the types of operations on that single operand. These operators include unary plus, unary minus, prefix increments, postfix increments, prefix decrements, and postfix decrements.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Unary Operators in JavaScript",
+        "url": "https://www.educba.com/unary-operators-in-javascript/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Unary Operators - MDN",
+        "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators#unary_operators",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "BbrrliATuH9beTypRaFey": {
+    "title": "Relational Operators",
+    "description": "Relational operators are also known as comparison operators. They are used to find the relationship between two values or compare the relationship between them; on the comparison, they yield the result true or false.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Relational Operators - MDN",
+        "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators#relational_operators",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "k8bJH9qydZm8I9rhH7rXw": {
+    "title": "Functions",
+    "description": "Functions exist so we can reuse code. They are blocks of code that execute whenever they are invoked. Each function is typically written to perform a particular task, like an addition function used to find the sum of two or more numbers. When numbers need to be added anywhere within your code, the addition function can be invoked as many times as necessary.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Functions - MDN Docs",
+        "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Functions",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "JavaScript Functions in Detail - CodeGuage",
+        "url": "https://www.codeguage.com/courses/js/functions-basics",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about JavaScript",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/javascript?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "JavaScript Functions - Programming with Mosh",
+        "url": "https://youtu.be/N8ap4k_1QEQ",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "R1D4fsZliHv7wIo8Tj-kp": {
+    "title": "Function Parameters",
+    "description": "The parameter is the name given to the variable declared inside the definition of a function. There are two special kinds of syntax: default and rest parameters.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Function Parameters",
+        "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Functions#function_parameters",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Unlimited function parameters using Rest",
+        "url": "https://www.amitmerchant.com/unlimited-function-parameters-with-using-rest-in-java-script/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "fr0NChxMXLpJizyMhXcXS": {
+    "title": "Arrow Functions",
+    "description": "Arrow Function is a new way of creating functions with the '=>' operator with a shorter syntax.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "MDN - Arrow Function Expressions",
+        "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Functions/Arrow_functions",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "JavaScript Arrow Function",
+        "url": "https://www.w3schools.com/js/js_arrow_function.asp",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "YZlCoPvZuX5MmpLOTj5d4": {
+    "title": "IIFEs",
+    "description": "Immediately-Invoked Function Expression is a function that is executed immediately after it is created.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "IIFE — MDN Docs",
+        "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Glossary/IIFE",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "JavaScript in Plain English - IIFE",
+        "url": "https://javascript.plainenglish.io/https-medium-com-javascript-in-plain-english-stop-feeling-iffy-about-using-an-iife-7b0292aba174",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "QLC7bW-qHskLH2HOA-Sko": {
+    "title": "arguments object",
+    "description": "The arguments object is an Array-like object accessible inside functions that contains the values of the arguments passed to that function, available within all non-arrow functions. You can refer to a function's arguments inside that function by using its arguments object. It has entries for each argument the function was called with, with the first entry's index at 0. But, in modern code, rest parameters should be preferred.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "The arguments object - MDN Docs",
+        "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Functions/arguments",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "ISNzEYtrWe2v0R7Xfl5k-": {
+    "title": "Scope & Function Stack",
+    "description": "Scope\n-----\n\nA space or environment in which a particular variable or function can be accessed or used. Accessibility of this variable or function depends on where it is defined.\n\nJavaScript has the following kinds of scopes:\n\n*   **Global scope**: The default scope for all code running in script mode.\n*   **Module scope**: The scope for code running in module mode.\n*   **Function scope**: The scope created with a function.\n*   **Block scope**: The scope created with a pair of curly braces (a block).\n\nFunction Stack (Call stack)\n---------------------------\n\nThe function stack is how the interpreter keeps track of its place in a script that calls multiple functions, like which function is currently executing and which functions within that function are being called.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Function stack (call stack) - MDN",
+        "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Glossary/Call_stack",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Kinds of Scope - MDN",
+        "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Glossary/Scope",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "s8wUJivWmetysJ8bt9FBC": {
+    "title": "Built-in Functions",
+    "description": "*   A JavaScript **method** is a property containing a **function definition** . In other words, when the data stored on an object is a function we call that a method.\n*   To differentiate between properties and methods, we can think of it this way: **A property is what an object has, while a method is what an object does.**\n*   Since JavaScript methods are actions that can be performed on objects, we first need to have objects to start with. There are several objects built into JavaScript which we can use.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "JavaScript Built-in Functions",
+        "url": "https://www.tutorialspoint.com/javascript/javascript_builtin_functions.htm",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Built-in Methods in Javascript",
+        "url": "https://dev.to/elpepebenitez/built-in-methods-in-javascript-4bll",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Built-in Functions:",
+        "url": "https://www.tutorialride.com/javascript/javascript-built-in-functions.htm",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "8X8mRl-puL0Lp43dO5mha": {
+    "title": "Default Params",
+    "description": "Default function parameters allow named parameters to be initialized with default values if no value or `undefined` is passed.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Default Parameters - MDN Docs",
+        "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Functions/Default_parameters",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "-_6q0bIjQrvAaCWrVkASO": {
+    "title": "Rest",
+    "description": "The rest parameter syntax allows a function to accept an indefinite number of arguments as an array, providing a way to represent [variadic functions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variadic_function) in JavaScript.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Rest Parameters - MDN Docs",
+        "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Functions/rest_parameters",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about REST API",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/rest-api?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "YJGhhFuWmFvhRKOg6nwON": {
+    "title": "Recursion",
+    "description": "One of the most powerful and elegant concept of functions, recursion is when a function invokes itself. Such a function is called a **_recursive function_**. As recursion happens, the underlying code of the recursive function gets executed again and again until a terminating condition, called the _base case_, gets fulfilled. As you dive into the world of algorithms, you'll come across recursion in many many instances.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Recursion and Stack",
+        "url": "https://javascript.info/recursion",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "JavaScript Function Recursions - CodeGuage",
+        "url": "https://www.codeguage.com/courses/js/functions-recursions",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Recursion - MDN",
+        "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Glossary/Recursion",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Recursion",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/recursion?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "q7b5iMJ1Lfka5A-K-YcaN": {
+    "title": "Lexical Scoping",
+    "description": "Before one can make an intuition of closures in JavaScript, it's important to first get the hang of the term '**_lexical environment_**'. In simple words, the lexical environment for a function `f` simply refers to the environment enclosing that function's definition in the source code.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is a lexical environment? - JavaScript - CodeGuage",
+        "url": "https://www.codeguage.com/courses/js/functions-closures#What_is_a_lexical_environment",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Lexical scoping - JavaScript - MDN",
+        "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Closures#lexical_scoping",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "itS6B12I8I1KNCPvc0KCQ": {
+    "title": "Closures",
+    "description": "Function closures are one of the most powerful, yet most misunderstood, concepts of JavaScript that are actually really simple to understand. A closure refers to a function along with its lexical environment. It is essentially what allows us to return a function `A`, from another function `B`, that remembers the local variables defined in `B`, even after `B` exits. The idea of closures is employed in nearly every other JavaScript program, hence, it's paramount for a JavaScript developer to know it really well.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "JavaScript Closures - The Simplest Explanation",
+        "url": "https://www.codeguage.com/courses/js/functions-closures",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "JavaScript Closures Explained in 3 Minutes",
+        "url": "https://medium.com/learning-new-stuff/javascript-closures-explained-in-3-minutes-5aae8dce2014",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "Xw8lb0xCWKmNs4KZfhBUy": {
+    "title": "Strict Mode",
+    "description": "JavaScript's strict mode is a way to opt-in to a restricted variant of JavaScript, thereby implicitly opting out of \"sloppy mode\". Strict mode isn't just a subset: it intentionally has different semantics from regular code. Browsers not supporting strict mode will run strict mode code with different behavior from browsers that do, so don't rely on strict mode without feature-testing for support for the relevant aspects of strict mode. Strict mode code and non-strict mode code can coexist so that scripts can opt into strict mode incrementally.\n\nStrict mode makes several changes to normal JavaScript semantics:\n\n*   Eliminates some JavaScript silent errors by changing them to throw errors.\n*   Fixes mistakes that make it difficult for JavaScript engines to perform optimizations: strict mode code can sometimes run faster than identical code that's not strict mode.\n*   Prohibits some syntax likely to be defined in future versions of ECMAScript.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Strict mode",
+        "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Strict_mode",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Strict mode in JavaScript",
+        "url": "https://javascript.info/strict-mode",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about JavaScript",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/javascript?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "fm2CuL1IZp3hnrLrPUX7U": {
+    "title": "Using (this) keyword",
+    "description": "In JavaScript, the `this` keyword is a little different compared to other languages. It refers to an object, but it depends on how or where it is being invoked. It also has some differences between strict mode and non-strict mode.\n\n*   In an object method, `this` refers to the object\n*   Alone, `this` refers to the global object\n*   In a function, `this` refers to the global object\n*   In a function, in strict mode, `this` is undefined\n*   In an event, `this` refers to the element that received the event\n*   Methods like call(), apply(), and bind() can refer `this` to any object\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "The JavaScript this Keyword",
+        "url": "https://www.w3schools.com/js/js_this.asp",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "This Keyword",
+        "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/this",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about JavaScript",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/javascript?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "3E5MuxPvEJU-dwgTrbQAR": {
+    "title": "in a method",
+    "description": "Methods are properties of an object which are functions. The value of this inside a method is equal to the calling object. In simple words, this value is the object “before dot”, the one used to call the method.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "this in methods",
+        "url": "https://javascript.info/object-methods#this-in-methods",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Short and clear post about the this keyword",
+        "url": "https://www.w3schools.com/js/js_this.asp",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "azsXq6Y5iCvQDgTWZpWQ3": {
+    "title": "in a function",
+    "description": "The keyword `this` when used in a function refers to the global object.\n\n_Note: in a browser window the global object is the `window` object._\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "this in a function",
+        "url": "https://www.w3schools.com/js/js_this.asp",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "qps2Mdm-lwa4Wr0IxKm0C": {
+    "title": "using it alone",
+    "description": "The keyword `this` when used alone refers to the global object.\n\n_Note: in a browser window the global object is the `window` object._\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "this Alone",
+        "url": "https://www.w3schools.com/js/js_this.asp",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "JVbEBtVrTTFnTF3_yUIAC": {
+    "title": "in event handlers",
+    "description": "The keyword `this` when used in an event handler refers to the element that received the event.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "this in Event handlers",
+        "url": "https://www.w3schools.com/js/js_this.asp",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "P0190rTm2wLQmCzWOKour": {
+    "title": "in arrow functions",
+    "description": "The keyword `this` when used in an arrow function refers to the parent object.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "this keyword and arrow function",
+        "url": "https://stackoverflow.com/questions/66518020/javascript-this-keyword-and-arrow-function",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "EAN6DCiCfSq04R4vKgZ0q": {
+    "title": "Function Borrowing",
+    "description": "Function borrowing allows us to use the methods of one object on a different object without having to make a copy of that method and maintain it in two separate places. It is accomplished through the use of `.call()`, `.apply()`, or `.bind()`, all of which exist to explicitly set this on the method we are borrowing.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Function borrowing",
+        "url": "https://medium.com/@ensallee/function-borrowing-in-javascript-4bd671e9d7b4",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "When would I use function borrowing",
+        "url": "https://stackoverflow.com/questions/69892281/when-would-i-use-function-borrowing",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "p2NhSwPYMtRiPRHjPaqmX": {
+    "title": "Explicit Binding",
+    "description": "Explicit binding is when you use the `call` or `apply` methods to explicitly set the value of `this` in a function. Explicit Binding can be applied using `call()`, `apply()`, and `bind()`.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Explicit Binding",
+        "url": "https://medium.com/swlh/javascript-this-ac28f8e0f65d",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explicit Binding rule for this keyword",
+        "url": "https://medium.com/@msinha2801/explicit-binding-rule-for-this-keyword-in-js-712405b0a11",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "gsyY3Oa3Jf0W5K_lyqBYO": {
+    "title": "call",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "-BtF34cEzI6J8sZCDRlRE": {
+    "title": "apply",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "dbercnxXVTJXMpYSDNGb2": {
+    "title": "bind",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "sFOqx6_7poVIVuXhJVY0E": {
+    "title": "Asynchronous JavaScript",
+    "description": "Asynchronous programming is a technique that enables your program to start a potentially long-running task and still be able to be responsive to other events while that task runs, rather than having to wait until that task has finished. Once that task has finished, your program is presented with the result.\n\nMany functions provided by browsers, especially the most interesting ones, can potentially take a long time, and therefore, are asynchronous. For example:\n\n*   Making HTTP requests using `fetch()`\n*   Accessing a user's camera or microphone using `getUserMedia()`\n*   Asking a user to select files using `showOpenFilePicker()`\n\nSo even though you may not have to implement your own asynchronous functions very often, you are very likely to need to use them correctly.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Asynchronous JavaScript - MDN",
+        "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Asynchronous/Introducing",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about JavaScript",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/javascript?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What The Hack is Event Loop and Asynchronous JavaScript - JSConf",
+        "url": "https://youtu.be/8aGhZQkoFbQ",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Asynchronous JavaScript - JavaScript Visualized",
+        "url": "https://youtu.be/eiC58R16hb8",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "_bs5NNHVdHLWGBmpYwHMi": {
+    "title": "Event Loop",
+    "description": "The Event Loop is one of the most important aspects to understand about Node.js. Why is this so important? Because it explains how Node.js can be asynchronous and have non-blocking I/O, it explains the \"killer feature\" of Node.js, which made it this successful.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "The Node.Js Event Loop",
+        "url": "https://nodejs.org/en/docs/guides/event-loop-timers-and-nexttick/#what-is-the-event-loop",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "JavaScript Visualized: Event Loop",
+        "url": "https://dev.to/lydiahallie/javascript-visualized-event-loop-3dif",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What the heck is the event loop anyway?",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8aGhZQkoFbQ",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "In the loop: JS conf 2018",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cCOL7MC4Pl0",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "wXypuqEmFLIubx-QQvDIr": {
+    "title": "setTimeout",
+    "description": "The setTimeout runs a function after the specified period expires. Times are declared in milliseconds.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "JavaScript MDN Docs",
+        "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/setTimeout",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "W3Schools – JavaScript - setTimeOut",
+        "url": "https://www.w3schools.com/jsref/met_win_settimeout.asp",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "setInterval and setTimeout: timing events",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kOcFZV3c75I",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Learn JavaScript setTimeout() in 6 minutes!",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=shWr5DNVeCI",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "jaC3XXudd7OBKwwCpoPFf": {
+    "title": "setInterval",
+    "description": "The `setInterval()` method helps us to repeatedly execute a function after a fixed delay. It returns a unique interval ID which can later be used by the `clearInterval()` method, which stops further repeated execution of the function.\n\n`setInterval()` is similar to setTimeout, with a difference. Instead of running the callback function once, it will run it forever, at the specific time interval you specify (in milliseconds):\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Scheduling: setTimeout and setInterval",
+        "url": "https://javascript.info/settimeout-setinterval",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "D8oGY7pdviRByaz6c9sU6": {
+    "title": "Callbacks",
+    "description": "A callback function is a function passed into another function as an argument, which is then invoked inside the outer function to complete some kind of routine or action.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Callbacks in JavaScript",
+        "url": "https://javascript.info/callbacks",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Callback Functions",
+        "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Glossary/Callback_function",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "W3School CallBack Function",
+        "url": "https://www.w3schools.com/js/js_callback.asp",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "yXSF5gGST7l2X-4z1g0d_": {
+    "title": "Promises",
+    "description": "Promises are a much better way to work with asynchronous code in JavaScript than the old and error-prone callback approach. They were introduced into JavaScript with ECMAScript 6. Using promises, we can manage extremely complex asynchronous code with rigorous error-handling setup, write code in a more or less synchronous style, and keep ourselves from running into the so-called callback hell.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "A Detailed Introduction to Promises",
+        "url": "https://www.codeguage.com/courses/advanced-js/promises-introduction",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "JavaScript Promises - Basics",
+        "url": "https://www.codeguage.com/courses/advanced-js/promises-basics",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "JavaScript Promises - Chaining",
+        "url": "https://www.codeguage.com/courses/advanced-js/promises-chaining",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "JavaScript Promises - Error Handling",
+        "url": "https://www.codeguage.com/courses/advanced-js/promises-error-handling",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "JavaScript Promises - Visualized",
+        "url": "https://youtu.be/Xs1EMmBLpn4",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "PJSdqvh5OBwPCNpn3q_S5": {
+    "title": "Callback Hell",
+    "description": "The callback hell is when we try to write asynchronous JavaScript in a way where execution happens visually from top to bottom, creating a code that has a pyramid shape with many }) at the end.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Callbacks in Callbacks - Pyramid of Doom",
+        "url": "https://javascript.info/callbacks#pyramid-of-doom",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "Dn872mgexmxoLtbkIgIgz": {
+    "title": "async/await",
+    "description": "`async/await` is a special syntax to work with promises in a more comfortable fashion. We use `async` keyword to declare a async function that return a Promise, and the `await` keyword makes a function wait for a Promise.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Async/await",
+        "url": "https://javascript.info/async-await",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "async function",
+        "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Statements/async_function",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "JavaScript Promises - Chaining",
+        "url": "https://www.codeguage.com/courses/advanced-js/promises-chaining",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "q6vciQb_Jk-Up16Pk5NeE": {
+    "title": "Working with APIs",
+    "description": "When working with remote APIs, you need a way to interact with those APIs. Modern JavaScript provides two native ways to send HTTP requests to remote servers, `XMLHttpRequest` and `Fetch`.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Fetching data from the server",
+        "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Client-side_web_APIs/Fetching_data",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "XMLHttpRequest",
+        "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/XMLHttpRequest",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Fetch API",
+        "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Fetch_API",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Is fetch API better than XMLHTTPRequest",
+        "url": "https://medium.com/beginners-guide-to-mobile-web-development/the-fetch-api-2c962591f5c",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Ajax Battle: XMLHttpRequest vs the Fetch API",
+        "url": "https://blog.openreplay.com/ajax-battle-xmlhttprequest-vs-fetch/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "kL5rfWxXe4J44ENru1uJS": {
+    "title": "Fetch",
+    "description": "The fetch() method in JavaScript is used to request to the server and load the information on the webpages. The request can be of any APIs that return the data of the format JSON or XML. This method returns a promise.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Fetch MDN Docs",
+        "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Fetch_API/Using_Fetch",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Fetch W3school Docs",
+        "url": "https://www.w3schools.com/jsref/api_fetch.asp",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Network request - Fetch",
+        "url": "https://javascript.info/fetch",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "LiuhBE7dIlkoWkthSoCsa": {
+    "title": "XMLHTTPRequest",
+    "description": "`XMLHttpRequest` (XHR) is a built-in browser object that can be used to interact with server. XHR allows you to update data without having to reload a web page. Despite the word XML in its name, XHR not only used to retrieve data with XML format, we can use it with any type of data, like JSON, file(s), and much more.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Using XMLHttpRequest",
+        "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/XMLHttpRequest/Using_XMLHttpRequest",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Network request - XMLHttpRequest",
+        "url": "https://javascript.info/xmlhttprequest",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "W3Schools",
+        "url": "https://www.w3schools.com/xml/xml_http.asp",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "F_Lrj0F7UXriqJ0mhwxCy": {
+    "title": "Classes",
+    "description": "Classes are a template for creating objects. They encapsulate data with code to work on that data. Classes in JS are built on prototypes but have some syntax and semantics that are not shared with ES5 class-like semantics.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Classes in JavaScript",
+        "url": "https://javascript.info/classes",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "JavaScript Classes",
+        "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Classes",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about JavaScript",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/javascript?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "TZ8XGdykSJjKBjX6Nivwo": {
+    "title": "Iterators and Generators",
+    "description": "Iterators and generators, introduced into JavaScript with ECMAScript 6, represent an extremely useful concept related to iteration in the language. Iterators are objects, abiding by the iterator protocol, that allows us to easily iterate over a given sequence in various ways, such as using the `for...of` loop. Generators, on the other hand, allow us to use functions and the `yield` keyword to easily define iterable sequences that are iterators as well.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Introduction to Iterators - Advanced JavaScript",
+        "url": "https://www.codeguage.com/courses/advanced-js/iteration-introduction",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "A Detailed Discussion on Iterators - Advanced JavaScript",
+        "url": "https://www.codeguage.com/courses/advanced-js/iteration-iterators",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What Exactly Are Generators? - Advanced JavaScript",
+        "url": "https://www.codeguage.com/courses/advanced-js/iteration-generators",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about JavaScript",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/javascript?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "hLnJlwnECFbVMeFpH0M5Q": {
+    "title": "Modules in JavaScript",
+    "description": "Modules encapsulate all sorts of code like functions and variables and expose all this to other files. Generally, we use it to break our code into separate files to make it more maintainable. They were introduced into JavaScript with ECMAScript 6.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Modules, introduction",
+        "url": "https://javascript.info/modules-intro",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Export and Import",
+        "url": "https://javascript.info/import-export",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Dynamic imports",
+        "url": "https://javascript.info/modules-dynamic-imports",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about JavaScript",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/javascript?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "4EXeGkOpfAViB9Uo4zL6O": {
+    "title": "CommonJS",
+    "description": "CommonJS modules are the original way to package JavaScript code for Node.js. Node.js also supports the ESModules standard used by browsers and other JavaScript runtimes, but CJS is still widely used in backend Node.js applications. Sometimes these modules will be written with a .cjs extension.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "How the CJS Module System Works",
+        "url": "https://blog.risingstack.com/node-js-at-scale-module-system-commonjs-require/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Node.js",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/nodejs?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How to Import and Export Modules in CJS",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XTND4rjATXA",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "jLNmYeo20Mbu4WRvVgvwU": {
+    "title": "ESM",
+    "description": "ESModules is a standard that was introduced with ES6 (2015). The idea was to standardize how JS modules work and implement these features in browsers. This standard is widely used with frontend frameworks such as react and can also be used in the backend with Node.js. Sometimes these modules will be written with a .mjs extension.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Full ESM module overview from MDN",
+        "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Modules",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Full ESM module overview from js.info",
+        "url": "https://javascript.info/modules",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Node.js documentation for ESModules",
+        "url": "https://nodejs.org/api/esm.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "JavaScript ES6 Modules Simplified",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cRHQNNcYf6s",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "MatU4SthAAhByJ40XdZQn": {
+    "title": "Memory Management",
+    "description": "Low-level languages like C, have manual memory management primitives such as `malloc()` and `free()`. In contrast, JavaScript automatically allocates memory when objects are created and frees it when they are not used anymore (garbage collection). This automaticity is a potential source of confusion: it can give developers the false impression that they don't need to worry about memory management.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "JavaScript Garbage Collection",
+        "url": "https://javascript.info/garbage-collection",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Memory Management in JavaScript",
+        "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Memory_Management",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about JavaScript",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/javascript?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "ZR2WfH1cerA-V_kaPwRvm": {
+    "title": "Memory Lifecycle",
+    "description": "Regardless of the programming language, the memory life cycle is pretty much always the same:\n\n*   Allocate the memory you need\n*   Use the allocated memory (read, write)\n*   Release the allocated memory when it is not needed anymore\n\nThe second part is explicit in all languages. The first and last parts are explicit in low-level languages but are mostly implicit in high-level languages like JavaScript.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "MDN docs - Memory Management",
+        "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Memory_Management",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Lifecycle in Memory Management",
+        "url": "https://medium.com/swlh/the-lifecycle-of-memory-in-javascript-5b5bffc5ff4c",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "bhuGtcyqPFKu-900aESYz": {
+    "title": "DOM APIs",
+    "description": "With HTML DOM, JavaScript can access and change all the elements of an HTML document such as its attributes, CSS styles, remove elements, add and create new elements on the page. Web API means application programming inteface for the web. All browsers have a set og built-in Web APIs to support complex operations, and to help accessing data. Like Geolocation API, Web Storage, Web History and others.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "DOM- MDN Docs",
+        "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document_Object_Model",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Web APIs- W3schools",
+        "url": "https://www.w3schools.com/js/js_api_intro.asp",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "KKyX8N4lTgN0w-Khm6Ztq": {
+    "title": "Garbage Collection",
+    "description": "Memory management in JavaScript is performed automatically and invisibly to us. We create primitives, objects, functions… All that takes memory. The main concept of memory management in JavaScript is reachability.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "JavaScript Garbage Collection",
+        "url": "https://javascript.info/garbage-collection",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Memory Management in JavaScript",
+        "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Memory_Management",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "rc5WzBBOm2cus-rQl8EOE": {
+    "title": "Using Browser DevTools",
+    "description": "These are a set of tools built into the browser to aid frontend developers diagnose and solve various issues in their applications — such as JavaScript and logical bugs, CSS styling issues or even just making quick temporary alterations to the DOM.\n\nTo enter the dev tools, right click and click **Inspect** (or press `ctrl+shift+c`/`cmd+opt+c`) to enter the Elements panel. Here you can debug CSS and HTML issues. If you want to see logged messages or interact with javascript, enter the **Console** tab from the tabs above (or press `ctrl+shift+j` or `F12` /`cmd+opt+j` to enter it directly). Another very useful feature in the Chrome dev tools is the Lighthouse (for checking performance).\n\nNOTE: This isn't a chrome-specific feature, and most browsers (Chromium based or otherwise) will have their own, largely-similar set of devtools.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Official Docs",
+        "url": "https://developer.chrome.com/docs/devtools/overview/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about JavaScript",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/javascript?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "dhEtcgv7G9fNV-AUNJdWk": {
+    "title": "Debugging Issues",
+    "description": "When you're just starting out with JavaScript development, you might use a lot of `console.log()` statement in your code to log and check values of variables while debugging. The results of these would show up in the **Console** panel, along with a reference to the line and file of code which originated it.\n\nHowever, for quicker, more complex and easier to handler debugging (which also doesn't litter your codebase with `console.log()`s), breakpoints and the sources panel is your friend.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Debugging JavaScript in the sources panel",
+        "url": "https://developer.chrome.com/docs/devtools/javascript/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "BA_ArmZMnVMaL_zl3W3Pt": {
+    "title": "Debugging Memory Leaks",
+    "description": "In JavaScript, memory leaks commonly occur within heap allocated memory, where short lived objects are attached to long lived ones and the Garbage Collector cannot safely de-allocate that memory as it is still referenced from the root set (the global object).\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Catching memory leaks with Chrome DevTools",
+        "url": "https://medium.com/coding-blocks/catching-memory-leaks-with-chrome-devtools-57b03acb6bb9",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Effective Javascript Debugging ",
+        "url": "https://medium.com/swlh/effective-javascript-debugging-memory-leaks-75059b2436f6",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Debugging JavaScript memory leaks",
+        "url": "https://www.debugbear.com/blog/debugging-javascript-memory-leaks",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Debugging Memory Leaks In Production JavaScript Applications",
+        "url": "https://www.jackhoy.com/web-applications/2020/10/21/debugging-memory-leaks-in-nodejs.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "JavaScript Memory Leaks Visualized and How To Fix Them",
+        "url": "https://youtu.be/IkoGmbNJolo",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "ECxISKUAU7js_JsfSHzud": {
+    "title": "Debugging Performance",
+    "description": "Enter the dev tools and check out the Lighthouse tab. This is essentially a series of tests which analyses the currently open website on a bunch of metrics related to performance, page speed, accessibility, etc. Feel free to run the tests by clicking the **Analyse Page Load** button (you might want to do this in an incognito tab to avoid errors arising from extensions you're using). Once you have the results, take your time and read through them (and do click through to the reference pages mentioned alongside each test result to know more about it!)\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Analyze runtime performance",
+        "url": "https://developer.chrome.com/docs/devtools/performance",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "nfMrC0eoXZl72H4o3VFEP": {
+    "title": "SameValue",
+    "description": "[SameValue](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Equality_comparisons_and_sameness#same-value_equality_using_object.is) equality determines whether two values are functionally identical in all contexts.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Same-value equality using Object.is()",
+        "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Equality_comparisons_and_sameness#same-value_equality_using_object.is",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/public/roadmap-content/mlops.json b/public/roadmap-content/mlops.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..37a22cbbf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/public/roadmap-content/mlops.json
@@ -0,0 +1,492 @@
+{
+  "_7uvOebQUI4xaSwtMjpEd": {
+    "title": "Programming Fundamentals",
+    "description": "Programming is the key requirement for MLOps. You need to be proficient in atleast one programming language. Python is the most popular language for MLOps.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "Vh81GnOUOZvDOlOyI5PwT": {
+    "title": "Python",
+    "description": "Python is an interpreted high-level general-purpose programming language. Its design philosophy emphasizes code readability with its significant use of indentation. Its language constructs as well as its object-oriented approach aim to help programmers write clear, logical code for small and large-scale projects. Python is dynamically-typed and garbage-collected. It supports multiple programming paradigms, including structured (particularly, procedural), object-oriented and functional programming. Python is often described as a \"batteries included\" language due to its comprehensive standard library.\n\nTo start learning Python, here are some useful resources:\n\nRemember, practice is key, and the more you work with Python, the more you'll appreciate its utility in the world of cyber security.",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Python.org",
+        "url": "https://www.python.org/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Real Python",
+        "url": "https://realpython.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Automate the Boring Stuff with Python",
+        "url": "https://automatetheboringstuff.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Python",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/python?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "vdVq3RQvQF3mF8PQc6DMg": {
+    "title": "Go",
+    "description": "Go is an open source programming language supported by Google. Go can be used to write cloud services, CLI tools, used for API development, and much more.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Visit Dedicated Go Roadmap",
+        "url": "/golang",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "A Tour of Go – Go Basics",
+        "url": "https://go.dev/tour/welcome/1",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Go Reference Documentation",
+        "url": "https://go.dev/doc/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Go by Example - annotated example programs",
+        "url": "https://gobyexample.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "W3Schools Go Tutorial ",
+        "url": "https://www.w3schools.com/go/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Making a RESTful JSON API in Go",
+        "url": "https://thenewstack.io/make-a-restful-json-api-go/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Go, the Programming Language of the Cloud",
+        "url": "https://thenewstack.io/go-the-programming-language-of-the-cloud/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Golang",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/golang?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Go Class by Matt",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLoILbKo9rG3skRCj37Kn5Zj803hhiuRK6",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "mMzqJF2KQ49TDEk5F3VAI": {
+    "title": "Bash",
+    "description": "Understanding bash is essential for MLOps tasks.\n\n*   **Book Suggestion:** _The Linux Command Line, 2nd Edition_ by William E. Shotts",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "oUhlUoWQQ1txx_sepD5ev": {
+    "title": "Version Control Systems",
+    "description": "Version control/source control systems allow developers to track and control changes to code over time. These services often include the ability to make atomic revisions to code, branch/fork off of specific points, and to compare versions of code. They are useful in determining the who, what, when, and why code changes were made.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Git",
+        "url": "https://git-scm.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is Version Control?",
+        "url": "https://www.atlassian.com/git/tutorials/what-is-version-control",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "06T5CbZAGJU6fJhCmqCC8": {
+    "title": "Git",
+    "description": "[Git](https://git-scm.com/) is a free and open source distributed version control system designed to handle everything from small to very large projects with speed and efficiency.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Learn Git with Tutorials, News and Tips - Atlassian",
+        "url": "https://www.atlassian.com/git",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Git Cheat Sheet",
+        "url": "https://cs.fyi/guide/git-cheatsheet",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Git",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/git?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Git & GitHub Crash Course For Beginners",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SWYqp7iY_Tc",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "7t7jSb3YgyWlhgCe8Se1I": {
+    "title": "GitHub",
+    "description": "GitHub is a provider of Internet hosting for software development and version control using Git. It offers the distributed version control and source code management functionality of Git, plus its own features.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "GitHub Website",
+        "url": "https://github.com",
+        "type": "opensource"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "GitHub Documentation",
+        "url": "https://docs.github.com/en/get-started/quickstart",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How to Use Git in a Professional Dev Team",
+        "url": "https://ooloo.io/project/github-flow",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Learn Git Branching",
+        "url": "https://learngitbranching.js.org/?locale=en_us",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about GitHub",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/github?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is GitHub?",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w3jLJU7DT5E",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Git vs. GitHub: Whats the difference?",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wpISo9TNjfU",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Git and GitHub for Beginners",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RGOj5yH7evk",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Git and GitHub - CS50 Beyond 2019",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eulnSXkhE7I",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "00GZcwe25QYi7rDzaOoMt": {
+    "title": "Cloud Computing",
+    "description": "**Cloud Computing** refers to the delivery of computing services over the internet rather than using local servers or personal devices. These services include servers, storage, databases, networking, software, analytics, and intelligence. Cloud Computing enables faster innovation, flexible resources, and economies of scale. There are various types of cloud computing such as public clouds, private clouds, and hybrids clouds. Furthermore, it's divided into different services like Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), and Software as a Service (SaaS). These services differ mainly in the level of control an organization has over their data and infrastructures.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "u3E7FGW4Iwdsu61KYFxCX": {
+    "title": "AWS / Azure / GCP",
+    "description": "AWS (Amazon Web Services) Azure and GCP (Google Cloud Platform) are three leading providers of cloud computing services. AWS by Amazon is the oldest and the most established among the three, providing a breadth and depth of solutions ranging from infrastructure services like compute, storage, and databases to the machine and deep learning. Azure, by Microsoft, has integrated tools for DevOps, supports a large number of programming languages, and offers seamless integration with on-prem servers and Microsoft’s software. Google's GCP has strength in cost-effectiveness, live migration of virtual machines, and flexible computing options. All three have introduced various MLOps tools and services to boost capabilities for machine learning development and operations.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more about AWS, Azure, and GCP:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "AWS Roadmap",
+        "url": "https://roadmap.sh/aws",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Azure Tutorials",
+        "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/learn/azure/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "GCP Learning Resources",
+        "url": "https://cloud.google.com/training",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about AWS",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/aws?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "kbfucfIO5KCsuv3jKbHTa": {
+    "title": "Cloud-native ML Services",
+    "description": "Most of the cloud providers offer managed services for machine learning. These services are designed to help data scientists and machine learning engineers to build, train, and deploy machine learning models at scale. These services are designed to be cloud-native, meaning they are designed to work with other cloud services and are optimized for the cloud environment.\n\nHere are the services offered by the major cloud providers:\n\n*   **Amazon Web Services (AWS)**: SageMaker\n*   **Google Cloud Platform (GCP)**: AI Platform\n*   **Microsoft Azure**: Azure Machine Learning",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "tKeejLv8Q7QX40UtOjpav": {
+    "title": "Containerization",
+    "description": "Containers are a construct in which [cgroups](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cgroups), [namespaces](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux_namespaces), and [chroot](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chroot) are used to fully encapsulate and isolate a process. This encapsulated process, called a container image, shares the kernel of the host with other containers, allowing containers to be significantly smaller and faster than virtual machines.\n\nThese images are designed for portability, allowing for full local testing of a static image, and easy deployment to a container management platform.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What are Containers?",
+        "url": "https://cloud.google.com/learn/what-are-containers",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is a Container?",
+        "url": "https://www.docker.com/resources/what-container/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Articles about Containers - The New Stack",
+        "url": "https://thenewstack.io/category/containers/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Containers",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/containers?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What are Containers?",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLawsLZMfND4nz-WDBZIj8-nbzGFD4S9oz",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "XIdCvT-4HyyglHJLRrHlz": {
+    "title": "Docker",
+    "description": "Docker is a platform for working with containerized applications. Among its features are a daemon and client for managing and interacting with containers, registries for storing images, and a desktop application to package all these features together.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Docker Documentation",
+        "url": "https://docs.docker.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Docker",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/docker?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Docker Tutorial",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RqTEHSBrYFw",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Docker simplified in 55 seconds",
+        "url": "https://youtu.be/vP_4DlOH1G4",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "XQoK9l-xtN2J8ZV8dw53X": {
+    "title": "Kubernetes",
+    "description": "Kubernetes is an [open source](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes) container management platform, and the dominant product in this space. Using Kubernetes, teams can deploy images across multiple underlying hosts, defining their desired availability, deployment logic, and scaling logic in YAML. Kubernetes evolved from Borg, an internal Google platform used to provision and allocate compute resources (similar to the Autopilot and Aquaman systems of Microsoft Azure).\n\nThe popularity of Kubernetes has made it an increasingly important skill for the DevOps Engineer and has triggered the creation of Platform teams across the industry. These Platform engineering teams often exist with the sole purpose of making Kubernetes approachable and usable for their product development colleagues.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Kubernetes Website",
+        "url": "https://kubernetes.io/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Kubernetes Documentation",
+        "url": "https://kubernetes.io/docs/home/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Primer: How Kubernetes Came to Be, What It Is, and Why You Should Care",
+        "url": "https://thenewstack.io/primer-how-kubernetes-came-to-be-what-it-is-and-why-you-should-care/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Kubernetes: An Overview",
+        "url": "https://thenewstack.io/kubernetes-an-overview/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Kubernetes",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/kubernetes?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Kubernetes Crash Course for Absolute Beginners",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s_o8dwzRlu4",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "ulka7VEVjz6ls5SnI6a6z": {
+    "title": "Machine Learning Fundamentals",
+    "description": "An MLOps engineer should have a basic understanding of machine learning models.\n\n*   **Courses:** [MLCourse.ai](https://mlcourse.ai/), [Fast.ai](https://course.fast.ai)\n*   **Book Suggestion:** _Applied Machine Learning and AI for Engineers_ by Jeff Prosise",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "VykbCu7LWIx8fQpqKzoA7": {
+    "title": "Data Engineering Fundamentals",
+    "description": "Data Engineering is essentially dealing with the collection, validation, storage, transformation, and processing of data. The objective is to provide reliable, efficient, and scalable data pipelines and infrastructure that allow data scientists to convert data into actionable insights. It involves steps like data ingestion, data storage, data processing, and data provisioning. Important concepts include designing, building, and maintaining data architecture, databases, processing systems, and large-scale processing systems. It is crucial to have extensive technical knowledge in various tools and programming languages like SQL, Python, Hadoop, and more.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "cOg3ejZRYE-u-M0c89IjM": {
+    "title": "Data Pipelines",
+    "description": "Data pipelines refer to a set of processes that involve moving data from one system to another, for purposes such as data integration, data migration, data transformation, or data synchronization. These processes can involve a variety of data sources and destinations, and may often require data to be cleaned, enriched, or otherwise transformed along the way. It's a key concept in data engineering to ensure that data is appropriately processed from its source to the location where it will be used, typically a data warehouse, data mart, or a data lake. As such, data pipelines play a crucial part in building an effective and efficient data analytics setup, enabling the flow of data to be processed for insights.\n\nIt is important to understand the difference between ELT and ETL pipelines. ELT stands for Extract, Load, Transform, and refers to a process where data is first extracted from source systems, then loaded into a target system, and finally transformed within the target system. ETL, on the other hand, stands for Extract, Transform, Load, and refers to a process where data is first extracted from source systems, then transformed, and finally loaded into a target system. The choice between ELT and ETL pipelines depends on the specific requirements of the data processing tasks at hand, and the capabilities of the systems involved.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "wOogVDV4FIDLXVPwFqJ8C": {
+    "title": "Data Lakes & Warehouses",
+    "description": "\"**Data Lakes** are large-scale data repository systems that store raw, untransformed data, in various formats, from multiple sources. They're often used for big data and real-time analytics requirements. Data lakes preserve the original data format and schema which can be modified as necessary. On the other hand, **Data Warehouses** are data storage systems which are designed for analyzing, reporting and integrating with transactional systems. The data in a warehouse is clean, consistent, and often transformed to meet wide-range of business requirements. Hence, data warehouses provide structured data but require more processing and management compared to data lakes.\"",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "Berd78HvnulNEGOsHCf8n": {
+    "title": "Data Ingestion Architecture",
+    "description": "Data ingestion is the process of collecting, transferring, and loading data from various sources to a destination where it can be stored and analyzed. There are several data ingestion architectures that can be used to collect data from different sources and load it into a data warehouse, data lake, or other storage systems. These architectures can be broadly classified into two categories: batch processing and real-time processing. How you choose to ingest data will depend on the volume, velocity, and variety of data you are working with, as well as the latency requirements of your use case.\n\nLambda and Kappa architectures are two popular data ingestion architectures that combine batch and real-time processing to handle large volumes of data efficiently.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "pVSlVHXIap0unFxLGM-lQ": {
+    "title": "Airflow",
+    "description": "Airflow is a platform to programmatically author, schedule and monitor workflows. Use airflow to author workflows as directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) of tasks. The airflow scheduler executes your tasks on an array of workers while following the specified dependencies. Rich command line utilities make performing complex surgeries on DAGs a snap. The rich user interface makes it easy to visualize pipelines running in production, monitor progress, and troubleshoot issues when needed. When workflows are defined as code, they become more maintainable, versionable, testable, and collaborative.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Airflow website",
+        "url": "https://airflow.apache.org/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Apache Airflow",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/apache-airflow?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "UljuqA89_SlCSDWWMD_C_": {
+    "title": "Spark",
+    "description": "Apache Spark is an open-source distributed computing system used for big data processing and analytics. It provides an interface for programming entire clusters with implicit data parallelism and fault tolerance.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Spark By Examples",
+        "url": "https://sparkbyexamples.com",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Apache Spark",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/spark?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "fMNwzhgLgHlAZJ9NvKikR": {
+    "title": "Kafka",
+    "description": "Apache Kafka is an open-source distributed event streaming platform used by thousands of companies for high-performance data pipelines, streaming analytics, data integration, and mission-critical applications.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Apache Kafka quickstart",
+        "url": "https://kafka.apache.org/quickstart",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Kafka",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/kafka?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Apache Kafka Fundamentals",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B5j3uNBH8X4",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "o6GQ3-8DgDtHzdX6yeg1w": {
+    "title": "Flink",
+    "description": "Apache Flink is a distributed stream processing framework that is used to process large amounts of data in real-time. It is designed to be highly scalable and fault-tolerant. Flink is built on top of the Apache Kafka messaging system and is used to process data streams in real-time.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Apache Flink Documentation",
+        "url": "https://flink.apache.org/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Apache Flink",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/apache-flink?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "iTsEHVCo6KGq7H2HMgy5S": {
+    "title": "MLOps Principles",
+    "description": "Awareness of MLOps principles and maturity factors is required.\n\n*   **Books:**\n    *   _Designing Machine Learning Systems_ by Chip Huyen\n    *   _Introducing MLOps_ by Mark Treveil and Dataiku\n*   **Assessment:** [MLOps maturity assessment](https://marvelousmlops.substack.com/p/mlops-maturity-assessment)\n*   **Great resource on MLOps:** [ml-ops.org](https://ml-ops.org)",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "l1xasxQy2vAY34NWaqKEe": {
+    "title": "MLOps Components",
+    "description": "MLOps components can be broadly classified into three major categories: Development, Operations and Governance. The **Development** components include everything involved in the creation of machine learning models, such as data extraction, data analysis, feature engineering, and machine learning model training. The **Operations** category includes components involved in deploying, monitoring, and maintaining machine learning models in production. This may include release management, model serving, and performance monitoring. Lastly, the **Governance** category encompasses the policies and regulations related to machine learning models. This includes model audit and tracking, model explainability, and security & compliance regulations.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "kHDSwlSq8WkLey4EJIQSR": {
+    "title": "Version Control",
+    "description": "Version control/source control systems allow developers to track and control changes to code over time. These services often include the ability to make atomic revisions to code, branch/fork off of specific points, and to compare versions of code. They are useful in determining the who, what, when, and why code changes were made.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Git",
+        "url": "https://git-scm.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is Version Control?",
+        "url": "https://www.atlassian.com/git/tutorials/what-is-version-control",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Version Control",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/version-control?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "a6vawajw7BpL6plH_nuAz": {
+    "title": "CI/CD",
+    "description": "Critical for traceable and reproducible ML model deployments.\n\n*   **Books:**\n    *   _Learning GitHub Actions_ by Brent Laster\n    *   _Learning Git_ by Anna Skoulikari\n*   **Tutorials & Courses:** [Git & GitHub for beginners](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RGOj5yH7evk), [Python to Production guide](https://www.udemy.com/course/setting-up-the-linux-terminal-for-software-development/), [Version Control Missing Semester](https://missing.csail.mit.edu/2020/version-control/), [https://learngitbranching.js.org/](https://learngitbranching.js.org/)\n*   **Tool:** [Pre-commit hooks](https://marvelousmlops.substack.com/p/welcome-to-pre-commit-heaven)",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "fes7M--Y8i08_zeP98tVV": {
+    "title": "Orchestration",
+    "description": "Systems like Airflow and Mage are important in ML engineering.\n\n*   **Course:** [Introduction to Airflow in Python](https://app.datacamp.com/learn/courses/introduction-to-airflow-in-python)\n*   **Note:** Airflow is also featured in the _ML Engineering with Python_ book and [_The Full Stack 7-Steps MLOps Framework_](https://www.pauliusztin.me/courses/the-full-stack-7-steps-mlops-framework).",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "fGGWKmAJ50Ke6wWJBEgby": {
+    "title": "Experiment Tracking & Model Registry",
+    "description": "**Experiment Tracking** is an essential part of MLOps, providing a system to monitor and record the different experiments conducted during the machine learning model development process. This involves capturing, organizing and visualizing the metadata associated with each experiment, such as hyperparameters used, models produced, metrics like accuracy or loss, and other information about the computational environment. This tracking allows for reproducibility of experiments, comparison across different experiment runs, and helps in identifying the best models.\n\nLogging metadata, parameters, and artifacts of training runs.\n\n*   **Tool:** MLflow\n*   **Courses:** [MLflow Udemy course](https://www.udemy.com/course/mlflow-course/), [End-to-end machine learning (MLflow piece)](https://www.udemy.com/course/sustainable-and-scalable-machine-learning-project-development/)",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "6XgP_2NLuiw654zvTyueT": {
+    "title": "Data Lineage & Feature Stores",
+    "description": "**Data Lineage** refers to the life-cycle of data, including its origins, movements, characteristics and quality. It's a critical component in MLOps for tracking the journey of data through every process in a pipeline, from raw input to model output. Data lineage helps in maintaining transparency, ensuring compliance, and facilitating data debugging or tracing data related bugs. It provides a clear representation of data sources, transformations, and dependencies thereby aiding in audits, governance, or reproduction of machine learning models.\n\nFeature stores are a crucial component of MLOps infrastructure.\n\n*   **Tutorial:** Creating a feature store with Feast [Part 1](https://kedion.medium.com/creating-a-feature-store-with-feast-part-1-37c380223e2f) [Part 2](https://kedion.medium.com/feature-storage-for-ml-with-feast-part-2-34df1971a8d3) [Part 3](https://kedion.medium.com/feature-storage-for-ml-with-feast-a061899fc4a2)\n*   **Tool:** DVC for data tracking\n*   **Course:** [End-to-end machine learning (DVC piece)](https://www.udemy.com/course/sustainable-and-scalable-machine-learning-project-development/)",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "zsW1NRb0dMgS-KzWsI0QU": {
+    "title": "Model Training & Serving",
+    "description": "\"Model Training\" refers to the phase in the Machine Learning (ML) pipeline where we teach a machine learning model how to make predictions by providing it with data. This process begins with feeding the model a training dataset, which it uses to learn and understand patterns or perform computations. The model's performance is then evaluated by comparing its prediction outputs with the actual results. Various algorithms can be used in the model training process. The choice of algorithm usually depends on the task, the data available, and the requirements of the project. It is worth noting that the model training stage can be computationally expensive particularly when dealing with large datasets or complex models.\n\nDecisions depend on the organization's infrastructure.\n\n*   **Repository Suggestion:** [ML Deployment k8s Fast API](https://github.com/sayakpaul/ml-deployment-k8s-fastapi/tree/main)\n*   **Tutorial Suggestions:** [ML deployment with k8s FastAPI, Building an ML app with FastAPI](https://dev.to/bravinsimiyu/beginner-guide-on-how-to-build-a-machine-learning-app-with-fastapi-part-ii-deploying-the-fastapi-application-to-kubernetes-4j6g), [Basic Kubeflow pipeline](https://towardsdatascience.com/tutorial-basic-kubeflow-pipeline-from-scratch-5f0350dc1905), [Building and deploying ML pipelines](https://www.datacamp.com/tutorial/kubeflow-tutorial-building-and-deploying-machine-learning-pipelines?utm_source=google&utm_medium=paid_search&utm_campaignid=19589720818&utm_adgroupid=157156373991&utm_device=c&utm_keyword=&utm_matchtype=&utm_network=g&utm_adpostion=&utm_creative=683184494153&utm_targetid=dsa-2218886984380&utm_loc_interest_ms=&utm_loc_physical_ms=9064564&utm_content=&utm_campaign=230119_1-sea~dsa~tofu_2-b2c_3-eu_4-prc_5-na_6-na_7-le_8-pdsh-go_9-na_10-na_11-na-dec23&gad_source=1&gclid=Cj0KCQiA4Y-sBhC6ARIsAGXF1g7iSih9h2RGL27LwWY6dlPLhEss-e5Af8pnaBvdDynRh7IHIKi8sGgaApD-EALw_wcB), [KServe tutorial](https://towardsdatascience.com/kserve-highly-scalable-machine-learning-deployment-with-kubernetes-aa7af0b71202)",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "r4fbUwD83uYumEO1X8f09": {
+    "title": "Monitoring & Observability",
+    "description": "**Monitoring** in MLOps primarily involves tracking the performance of machine learning (ML) models in production to ensure that they continually deliver accurate and reliable results. Such monitoring is necessary because the real-world data that these models handle may change over time, a scenario known as data drift. These changes can adversely affect model performance. Monitoring helps to detect any anomalies in the model’s behaviour or performance and such alerts can trigger the retraining of models with new data. From a broader perspective, monitoring also involves tracking resources and workflows to detect and rectify any operational issues in the MLOps pipeline.",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "ML Monitoring vs Observability article",
+        "url": "https://marvelousmlops.substack.com/p/ml-monitoring-vs-ml-observability",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Machine learning monitoring concepts",
+        "url": "https://app.datacamp.com/learn/courses/machine-learning-monitoring-concepts",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Monitoring ML in Python",
+        "url": "https://app.datacamp.com/learn/courses/monitoring-machine-learning-in-python",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Prometheus, Grafana",
+        "url": "https://www.udemy.com/course/mastering-prometheus-and-grafana/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "sf67bSL7HAx6iN7S6MYKs": {
+    "title": "Infrastructure as Code",
+    "description": "Essential for a reproducible MLOps framework.\n\n*   **Course:** [Terraform course for beginners](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SLB_c_ayRMo)\n*   **Video:** [8 Terraform best practices by Techworld by Nana](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gxPykhPxRW0)\n*   **Book Suggestion:** _Terraform: Up and Running, 3rd Edition_ by Yevgeniy Brikman",
+    "links": []
+  }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/public/roadmap-content/nodejs.json b/public/roadmap-content/nodejs.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ffcb9c865
--- /dev/null
+++ b/public/roadmap-content/nodejs.json
@@ -0,0 +1,1946 @@
+{
+  "KDd40JOAvZ8O1mfhTYB3K": {
+    "title": "Introduction to Node.js",
+    "description": "Node.js is an open source, cross-platform runtime environment and library that is used for running web applications outside the client’s browser.\n\nIt is used for server-side programming, and primarily deployed for non-blocking, event-driven servers, such as traditional web sites and back-end API services, but was originally designed with real-time, push-based architectures in mind. Every browser has its own version of a JS engine, and node.js is built on Google Chrome’s V8 JavaScript engine.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Official Website",
+        "url": "https://nodejs.org/en/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Official Documentation",
+        "url": "https://nodejs.org/en/docs/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Node.js",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/nodejs?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "Mp056kNnwsRWeEXuhGPy-": {
+    "title": "What is Node.js?",
+    "description": "Node.js is an open-source and cross-platform JavaScript runtime environment. It is a popular tool for almost any kind of project! Node.js runs the V8 JavaScript engine, Google Chrome's core, outside the browser. This allows Node.js to be very performant. A Node.js app runs in a single process, without creating a new thread for every request. Node.js provides a set of asynchronous I/O primitives in its standard library that prevent JavaScript code from blocking and generally, libraries in Node.js are written using non-blocking paradigms, making blocking behavior the exception rather than the norm.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Official Website",
+        "url": "https://nodejs.org/en/about/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Node.JS Introduction",
+        "url": "https://www.w3schools.com/nodejs/nodejs_intro.asp",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Official Website",
+        "url": "https://nodejs.org/en/learn/getting-started/introduction-to-nodejs",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Node.js",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/nodejs?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is Node.js?",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uVwtVBpw7RQ",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How Node.js Works?",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jOupHNvDIq8",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "ex8FOKrUlbu4MuEq2czyW": {
+    "title": "Why use Node.js?",
+    "description": "Node.js is a cross-platform runtime, perfect for a wide range of use cases. Its huge community makes it easy to get started. It uses the V8 engine to compile JavaScript and runs at lightning-fast speeds. Node.js applications are very scalable and maintainable. Cross-platform support allows the creation of all kinds of applications - desktop apps, software as a service, and even mobile applications. Node.js is perfect for data-intensive and real-time applications since it uses an event-driven, non-blocking I/O model, making it lightweight and efficient. With such a huge community, a vast collection of Node.js packages is available to simplify and boost development.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Learn Node.js",
+        "url": "https://nodejs.org/en/learn/getting-started/introduction-to-nodejs",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Why Choose Node.js?",
+        "url": "https://medium.com/selleo/why-choose-node-js-b0091ad6c3fc",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "5 Reasons to Choose Node.js",
+        "url": "https://www.bitovi.com/blog/5-reasons-to-choose-nodejs",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Node.js",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/nodejs?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "Vrcv5px-3fqmyJnQv3WBK": {
+    "title": "History of Node.js",
+    "description": "Node.js was written initially by Ryan Dahl in 2009, about thirteen years after the introduction of the first server-side JavaScript environment, Netscape's LiveWire Pro Web. The initial release supported only Linux and macOS X. Its development and maintenance were led by Dahl and later sponsored by Joyent.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Rising Stack - History of Node.js on a Timeline",
+        "url": "https://blog.risingstack.com/history-of-node-js/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "SAP Press - How Did Node.js Come About?",
+        "url": "https://blog.sap-press.com/how-did-node.js-come-about",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Node.js",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/nodejs?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Node.js: The Documentary | An origin story",
+        "url": "https://youtu.be/LB8KwiiUGy0",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "ebVb0anYmbD1Y9ZTFXKFp": {
+    "title": "Node.js vs Browser",
+    "description": "Both the browser and Node.js use JavaScript as their programming language. Building apps that run in the browser is entirely different than building a Node.js application. Even though it's always JavaScript, some key differences make the experience radically different.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Differences between Node.js and the Browser",
+        "url": "https://nodejs.org/en/learn/getting-started/differences-between-nodejs-and-the-browser/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Node.js",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/nodejs?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "uPJqdMQQJRkTMMhNORDeH": {
+    "title": "Running Node.js Code",
+    "description": "The usual way to run a Node.js program is to run the globally available `node` command (once you install Node.js) and pass the name of the file you want to execute.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Run Node.js from Command Line",
+        "url": "https://nodejs.org/en/learn/command-line/run-nodejs-scripts-from-the-command-line/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Node.js",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/nodejs?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "mbGFT6S7mL3bHHEZv0_s2": {
+    "title": "Modules",
+    "description": "We split our code into different files to maintain, organize and reuse code whenever possible. A module system allows us to split and include code and import code written by other developers whenever required. In simple terms, a module is nothing but a JavaScript file. Node.js has many built-in modules that are part of the platform and comes with Node.js installation, for example, HTTP, fs, path, and more.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Modules: CommonJS modules",
+        "url": "https://nodejs.org/api/modules.html#modules-commonjs-modules",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "CommonJS vs. ES modules in Node.js",
+        "url": "https://blog.logrocket.com/commonjs-vs-es-modules-node-js/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Node.js",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/nodejs?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Modules in Node.js",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9Amxzvq5LY8&",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "mhjswf17nhq075NTYV5gE": {
+    "title": "CommonJS",
+    "description": "CommonJS and ES (EcmaScript) are module systems used in Node. CommonJS is the default module system. However, a new module system was recently added to NodeJS - ES modules. CommonJS modules use the require() statement for module imports and module.exports for module exports while it's import and export for ES.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "CommonJS vs ESM",
+        "url": "https://blog.logrocket.com/commonjs-vs-es-modules-node-js/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Using CommonJS",
+        "url": "https://www.javascripttutorial.net/nodejs-tutorial/nodejs-modules/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Using ES Modules",
+        "url": "https://blog.logrocket.com/es-modules-in-node-today/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "CommonJS vs. ES Modules: Modules and Imports in NodeJS",
+        "url": "https://reflectoring.io/nodejs-modules-imports/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Node.js",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/nodejs?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Using Modules",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pP4kjXykbio",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "mKccfWOhC1Aj4VnaOqryA": {
+    "title": "ESM",
+    "description": "ESM (ECMAScript Modules) is a standardized module system in JavaScript that allows for the organized, maintainable, and reusable structuring of code. It uses import and export statements for including and sharing functions, objects, or primitives between files. ESM supports static analysis, enabling better optimization and tooling, and is always in strict mode to reduce common JavaScript issues. Node.js fully supports ESM, which can be used with .mjs file extensions or configured in the package.json for .js files, making it easier to write modular and efficient JavaScript applications.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "esm documentation on nodejs org",
+        "url": "https://nodejs.org/api/esm.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "EEnmOcDKPZzY_O1NwP_5j": {
+    "title": "Creating & Importing",
+    "description": "Modules are the collection of JavaScript codes in a separate logical file that can be used in external applications based on their related functionality. There are two ways to create modules in Node.js i.e. either via CommonJS or ESM.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "CommonJS vs ESM in Node.js",
+        "url": "https://blog.logrocket.com/commonjs-vs-es-modules-node-js/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Modules and Imports in Node.js",
+        "url": "https://reflectoring.io/nodejs-modules-imports/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Creating a Module in Node.js",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cxo4UKpHv5s",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "PEGHvFT2Eg-1OyfhxYu22": {
+    "title": "[global] keyword",
+    "description": "In browsers, the top-level scope is the global scope, and its global object is called the `window` object. Within the browser, `var something` will define a new global variable inside the `window` object. In Node.js, this is different. The top-level scope is **not** the global scope; `var something` inside a Node.js module will be local to that module.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "global Keyword in Node.js",
+        "url": "https://nodejs.org/api/globals.html#global",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is the 'global' object in NodeJS",
+        "url": "https://stackoverflow.com/questions/43627622/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is Global Object?",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jn8PZNBmKm0",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Global Object in Node",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PY-AycMkEAg",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "jQJ9aOKtg-O-GhWk5OgCK": {
+    "title": "npm",
+    "description": "npm is the standard package manager for Node.js.\n\nIt is two things: first and foremost, it is an online repository for the publishing of open-source Node.js projects; second, it is a command-line utility for interacting with said repository that aids in package installation, version management, and dependency management. A plethora of Node.js libraries and applications are published on npm, and many more are added every day\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is npm?",
+        "url": "https://nodejs.org/en/learn/getting-started/an-introduction-to-the-npm-package-manager",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "An introduction to the npm package manager",
+        "url": "https://nodejs.org/en/learn/getting-started/an-introduction-to-the-npm-package-manager",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Official Website",
+        "url": "https://www.npmjs.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Official Documentation",
+        "url": "https://docs.npmjs.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Node.js",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/nodejs?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "NPM Crash Course",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jHDhaSSKmB0",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "l24OMkPAEDnEDAVAMrMuG": {
+    "title": "Global Installation",
+    "description": "NodeJS and NPM allow two methods of installing dependencies/packages: Local and Global. This is mainly used when adding a package or dependency as part of a specific project you're working on. The package would be installed (with its dependencies) in `node_modules` folder **under your project**. In addition, in `package.json` file there will be a new line added for the installed dependency under the label `dependencies`. At this point - you can start using the package in your NodeJS code by importing the package. Unlike the local install, you can install packages and dependencies **globally**. This would install it in a system path, and these packages would be available to any program which runs on **this specific** computer. This method is often used for installing command line tools (for example, even `npm` program is a Globally installed npm package).\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Downloading and installing packages locally",
+        "url": "https://docs.npmjs.com/downloading-and-installing-packages-locally",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Downloading and installing packages globally",
+        "url": "https://docs.npmjs.com/downloading-and-installing-packages-globally",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "NPM Install Docs",
+        "url": "https://docs.npmjs.com/cli/commands/npm-install",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "oYeux7PbveYaVwXRzAg5x": {
+    "title": "Local Installation",
+    "description": "Locally installed packages are available only to the project where the packages are installed, while the globally installed packages can be used any where without installing them into a project. Another usecase of the global packages is when using CLI tools.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Downloading and installing packages locally",
+        "url": "https://docs.npmjs.com/downloading-and-installing-packages-locally",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Downloading and installing packages globally",
+        "url": "https://docs.npmjs.com/downloading-and-installing-packages-globally",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "bYBz12FUiJ1qLgdQSGyGK": {
+    "title": "Updating Packages",
+    "description": "npm provides various features to help install and maintain the project's dependencies. Dependencies get updates with new features and fixes, so upgrading to a newer version is recommended. We use `npm update` commands for this.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Updating packages downloaded from the registry",
+        "url": "https://docs.npmjs.com/updating-packages-downloaded-from-the-registry",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How to Update All NPM Dependencies At Once",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ghdfdq17JAY",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "64pgc7rcgboFcNYuOlX8e": {
+    "title": "Running Scripts",
+    "description": "In Node.js, npm scripts are used for the purpose of initiating a server, starting the build of a project, and also for running the tests. We can define this scripts in the package.json file of the folder. Also, we can split the huge scripts into many smaller parts if it is needed.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Example of Running Scripts",
+        "url": "https://riptutorial.com/node-js/example/4592/running-scripts",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Running Scripts",
+        "url": "https://docs.npmjs.com/cli/using-npm/scripts",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "WvxCGVKLvTUVEHeOcUQPg": {
+    "title": "npm workspaces",
+    "description": "Workspace is a generic term that refers to the set of npm CLI features that support managing multiple packages from your local file system from within a singular top-level root package.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "npm workspaces",
+        "url": "https://docs.npmjs.com/cli/using-npm/workspaces",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Getting Started with Npm Workspaces ",
+        "url": "https://ruanmartinelli.com/posts/npm-7-workspaces-1",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about NPM",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/npm?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "Uh9hmEy7o1EJLg4E--ku2": {
+    "title": "Creating Packages",
+    "description": "npm packages allow you to bundle some specific functionality into a reusable package which can then be uploaded to some package registry such as npm or GitHub packages and then be installed and reused in projects using npm.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Best practices for creating a modern npm package",
+        "url": "https://snyk.io/blog/best-practices-create-modern-npm-package/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "dOlzIXBfAPmbY542lNOe6": {
+    "title": "Semantic Versioning",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "t_kfKdNSKVBPYQ9zF9VqQ": {
+    "title": "Error Handling",
+    "description": "Error handling is a way to find bugs and solve them as quickly as humanly possible. The errors in Node.js can be either operation or programmer errors. Read the articles linked below to understand how to handle different types of errors in Node.js\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Node.js Error Handling Best Practices",
+        "url": "https://sematext.com/blog/node-js-error-handling",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Error handling in Node.js",
+        "url": "https://blog.logrocket.com/error-handling-node-js/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Node.js",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/nodejs?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "Wg7KSpAPxjeFMxC6PBnHO": {
+    "title": "JavaScript Errors",
+    "description": "JavaScript Errors are used by JavaScript to inform developers about various issue in the script being executed. These issues can be syntax error where the developer/programmer has used the wrong syntax, it can be due to some wrong user input or some other problem.\n\nJavaScript has six types of errors that may occur during the execution of the script:\n\n*   EvalError\n*   RangeError\n*   ReferenceError\n*   SyntaxError\n*   TypeError\n*   URIError\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Error Types in JavaScript",
+        "url": "https://blog.bitsrc.io/types-of-native-errors-in-javascript-you-must-know-b8238d40e492",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about JavaScript",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/javascript?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "05YY-AhLKzn4Ypr4eow5E": {
+    "title": "System Errors",
+    "description": "Node.js generates system errors when exceptions occur within its runtime environment. These usually occur when an application violates an operating system constraint. For example, a system error will occur if an application attempts to read a file that does not exist.\n\nBelow are the system errors commonly encountered when writing a Node.js program\n\n1.  EACCES - Permission denied\n2.  EADDRINUSE - Address already in use\n3.  ECONNRESET - Connection reset by peer\n4.  EEXIST - File exists\n5.  EISDIR - Is a directory\n6.  EMFILE - Too many open files in system\n7.  ENOENT - No such file or directory\n8.  ENOTDIR - Not a directory\n9.  ENOTEMPTY - Directory not empty\n10.  ENOTFOUND - DNS lookup failed\n11.  EPERM - Operation not permitted\n12.  EPIPE - Broken Pipe\n13.  ETIMEDOUT - Operation timed out\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Node.js Errors - Official Docs",
+        "url": "https://nodejs.org/api/errors.html#errors_class_systemerror",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "wQ4i6_a1EFk9HHc6Sll-3": {
+    "title": "User Specified Errors",
+    "description": "User specified errors can be created by extending the base Error object, a built-in error class. When creating errors in this manner, you should pass a message string that describes the error. This message can be accessed through the message property on the object. The Error object also contains a name and a stack property that indicate the name of the error and the point in the code at which it is created.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "A Comprehensive Guide To Error Handling In Node.js",
+        "url": "https://www.honeybadger.io/blog/errors-nodejs/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "do-tdCUfDtiZHBg4ZO3dC": {
+    "title": "Assertion Errors",
+    "description": "An `AssertionError` in Node.js is an error that is thrown when the `assert` module determines that a given expression is not truthy. The `assert` module is a built-in Node.js module that provides a simple set of assertion tests that can be used to test the behavior of your code.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Node.js Assert",
+        "url": "https://nodejs.org/api/assert.html#new-assertassertionerroroptions",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Node.js Error Handling - AssertionError",
+        "url": "https://blog.airbrake.io/blog/nodejs-error-handling/assertionerror-nodejs",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "uzOmaTZrHhBxx5plb345Z": {
+    "title": "Uncaught Exceptions",
+    "description": "When a JavaScript error is not properly handled, an uncaughtException is emitted. These suggest the programmer has made an error, and they should be treated with the utmost priority.\n\nThe correct use of `uncaughtException` is to perform synchronous cleanup of allocated resources (e.g. file descriptors, handles, etc) before shutting down the process. It is not safe to resume normal operation after `uncaughtException` because system becomes corrupted. The best way is to let the application crash, log the error and then restart the process automatically using nodemon or pm2.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Uncaught Exception Error Events",
+        "url": "https://nodejs.org/api/process.html#event-uncaughtexception",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Let It Crash: Best Practices for Handling Node.js Errors on Shutdown",
+        "url": "https://blog.heroku.com/best-practices-nodejs-errors",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Uncaught Exceptions in Node.js",
+        "url": "https://shapeshed.com/uncaught-exceptions-in-node/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "3MpxV23lNpuKg0--e_9m7": {
+    "title": "Handling Async Errors",
+    "description": "Errors must always be handled. If you are using synchronous programming you could use a try catch. But this does not work if you work asynchronous! Async errors will only be handled inside the callback function!\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Async Errors",
+        "url": "https://www.mariokandut.com/handling-errors-in-asynchronous-functions-node-js/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "wIieXdFtoZWJ-ht8qqWbp": {
+    "title": "Callstack / Stack Trace",
+    "description": "The stack trace is used to trace the active stack frames at a particular instance during the execution of a program. The stack trace is useful while debugging code as it shows the exact point that has caused an error.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Multiple ways to log the stack trace in node.js",
+        "url": "https://www.cloudhadoop.com/nodejs-print-stack-trace-error/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "XEGTeGWw05xWYOfUo3POE": {
+    "title": "Using Debugger",
+    "description": "Node.js includes a command-line debugging utility. The Node.js debugger client is not a full-featured debugger, but simple stepping and inspection are possible. To use it, start Node.js with the inspect argument followed by the path to the script to debug.\n\nExample - `$ node inspect myscript.js`\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Official Website",
+        "url": "https://nodejs.org/api/debugger.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "YdpJ-DUo8Q5ATRmF4s4YS": {
+    "title": "npx",
+    "description": "npx is a very powerful command that's been available in npm starting version 5.2, released in July 2017. If you don't want to install npm, you can install npx as a standalone package. npx lets you run code built with Node.js and published through the npm registry, without needing to install the package itself. This is particularly useful for trying out new tools, running one-time commands, or using packages in shared environments where global installations are undesirable. npx takes care of downloading the package on-the-fly, running the desired command, and then cleaning up the temporary installation. This keeps your project's dependencies lean and avoids version conflicts.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Introduction to the npx Node.js Package Runner",
+        "url": "https://medium.com/@maybekatz/introducing-npx-an-npm-package-runner-55f7d4bd282b",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Official Documentation",
+        "url": "https://docs.npmjs.com/cli/commands/npx/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "uE7fvHSTSdebMf5RsNyaY": {
+    "title": "Async Programming",
+    "description": "Asynchronous code means that things can happen independently of the main program flow, async functions in JavaScript are processed in the background without blocking other requests. It ensures non-blocking code execution. Asynchronous code executes without having any dependency and no order. This improves the system efficiency and throughput. Making web apps requires knowledge of asynchronous concepts since we will be dealing with actions that require some time to get processed.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Introduction to Async JS",
+        "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Asynchronous/Introducing/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Node.js",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/nodejs?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Asynchronous Vs Synchronous Programming",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kpn2ajSa92c",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "QcOqhuKWOUUUBSiu5Oelv": {
+    "title": "Promises",
+    "description": "A promise is commonly defined as a proxy for a value that will eventually become available. Asynchronous functions use promise behind the scenes, so understanding how promises work is fundamental to understanding how \"async\" and \"await\" works. Once a promise has been called, it will start in a pending state. This means that the calling function continues executing, while the promise is pending until it resolves, giving the calling function whatever data was being requested.\n\nCreating a Promise: The Promise API exposes a Promise constructor, which you initialize using new Promise().\n\nUsing resolve() and reject(), we can communicate back to the caller what the resulting Promise state was, and what to do with it.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Promise Methods",
+        "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Promise",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Promises",
+        "url": "https://www.promisejs.org/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Asynchronous JavaScript - Promises",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a_8nrslImo4/",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "a26qNCyMcT5GsVzxeNCLk": {
+    "title": "async/await",
+    "description": "Async/Await is a special syntax to work with promises in a more comfortable fashion. It's easy to understand and use. Adding the keyword async before a function ensures that the function returns a promise and the keyword await makes JavaScript wait until that promise settles and returns the result.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Async/Await Documentation",
+        "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Statements/async_function",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "More on async await",
+        "url": "https://javascript.info/async-await",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "W3Docs Async/Await",
+        "url": "https://www.w3docs.com/learn-javascript/async-await.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Using async await",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V_Kr9OSfDeU",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "GwInWcbQn18PnzKGXzmln": {
+    "title": "Callbacks",
+    "description": "Node.js, being an asynchronous platform, doesn't wait around for things like file I/O to finish - Node.js uses callbacks. A callback is a function called at the completion of a given task; this prevents any blocking, and allows other code to be run in the meantime.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What are callbacks?",
+        "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Glossary/Callback_function",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Asynchronicity in Programming Languages",
+        "url": "https://nodejs.org/en/learn/asynchronous-work/javascript-asynchronous-programming-and-callbacks",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "W2Dbj4Y78Bgdx7og5xkrg": {
+    "title": "setTimeout",
+    "description": "The setTimeout runs a function after the specified period expires. Times are declared in milliseconds.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "JavaScript MDN Docs",
+        "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/setTimeout",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "W3Schools – JavaScript - setTimeOut",
+        "url": "https://www.w3schools.com/jsref/met_win_settimeout.asp",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "setInterval and setTimeout: timing events",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kOcFZV3c75I",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Learn JavaScript setTimeout() in 6 minutes!",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=shWr5DNVeCI",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "T5I-mFKK6bKzXrzkECI0P": {
+    "title": "setInterval",
+    "description": "The `setInterval()` method helps us to repeatedly execute a function after a fixed delay. It returns a unique interval ID which can later be used by the `clearInterval()` method, which stops further repeated execution of the function.\n\n`setInterval()` is similar to setTimeout, with a difference. Instead of running the callback function once, it will run it forever, at the specific time interval you specify (in milliseconds):\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Scheduling: setTimeout and setInterval",
+        "url": "https://javascript.info/settimeout-setinterval",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "YvTPpoIiSqjDYi0Q10kWh": {
+    "title": "setImmediate",
+    "description": "The `setImmediate` function delays the execution of a function to be called after the current event loops finish all their execution. It's very similar to calling `setTimeout` with 0 ms delay.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Understanding setImmediate",
+        "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/setImmediate",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Understanding setImmediate",
+        "url": "https://nodejs.org/en/learn/asynchronous-work/understanding-setimmediate",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "ATu9-29yJWcDOik5FTOgf": {
+    "title": "process.nextTick",
+    "description": "Every time the event loop takes a full trip, we call it a tick. When we pass a function to `process.nextTick()`, we instruct the engine to invoke this function at the end of the current operation before the next event loop tick starts.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Understanding Process.NextTick()",
+        "url": "https://nodejs.org/en/learn/asynchronous-work/understanding-processnexttick",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "The Node.js process.nextTick()",
+        "url": "https://nodejs.org/en/docs/guides/event-loop-timers-and-nexttick/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "The process.nextTick Function",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-niA5XOlCWI",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "bgEHTBYzRDJqZ6gLqLbsz": {
+    "title": "Event Emitter",
+    "description": "In Node.js, an event can be described simply as a string with a corresponding callback. An event can be \"emitted\" (or, in other words, the corresponding callback be called) multiple times or you can choose to only listen for the first time it is emitted.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What are Event Emitters?",
+        "url": "https://nodejs.org/en/learn/asynchronous-work/the-nodejs-event-emitter",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Using Event Emitters in Node.js",
+        "url": "https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/using-event-emitters-in-node-js",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "b679H8gEBuvrHQ8ik7e96": {
+    "title": "Event Loop",
+    "description": "The Event Loop is one of the most critical aspects of Node.js. Why is this so important? Because it explains how Node.js can be asynchronous and have non-blocking I/O, it explains the \"killer feature\" of Node.js, which made it this successful.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "The Node.js Event Loop",
+        "url": "https://www.coursera.org/lecture/secure-full-stack-mean-developer/the-node-js-event-loop-j5fbT",
+        "type": "course"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "The Node.JS Event Loop",
+        "url": "https://nodejs.org/en/docs/guides/event-loop-timers-and-nexttick/#what-is-the-event-loop",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "JavaScript Visualized: Event Loop",
+        "url": "https://dev.to/lydiahallie/javascript-visualized-event-loop-3dif",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "The NodeJS Event loop",
+        "url": "https://nodejs.org/en/guides/event-loop-timers-and-nexttick",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Don't Block the Event Loop",
+        "url": "https://nodejs.org/en/guides/dont-block-the-event-loop",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Event Loop in Node.js - Mixu's Node book",
+        "url": "https://book.mixu.net/node/ch2.html#the-event-loop-understanding-how-node-executes-javascript-code",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "wEK77A6MPQBCBUSJKMiaY": {
+    "title": "Working with Files",
+    "description": "You can programmatically manipulate files in Node.js with the built-in `fs` module. The name is short for “file system,” and the module contains all the functions you need to read, write, and delete files on the local machine.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "How To Work with Files using the fs Module in Node.js",
+        "url": "https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-work-with-files-using-the-fs-module-in-node-js",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Node.js",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/nodejs?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "QT2QE2FLkyUDpwMKYkFQL": {
+    "title": "process.cwd()",
+    "description": "The `process.cwd()` method returns the current working directory of the Node.js process.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Official Website",
+        "url": "https://nodejs.org/api/process.html#processcwd",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Whats the difference between process.cwd() vs __dirname?",
+        "url": "https://stackoverflow.com/questions/9874382/whats-the-difference-between-process-cwd-vs-dirname",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "Blzb-fdQZMu6Xq5JDJW0_": {
+    "title": "path module",
+    "description": "The `path` module provides utilities for working with file and directory paths. It's built-in to Node.js core and can simply be used by requiring it.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Path Documentations",
+        "url": "https://nodejs.org/api/path.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Learn Node.js File Paths",
+        "url": "https://nodejs.org/en/learn/manipulating-files/nodejs-file-paths",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Path Module in Node.js",
+        "url": "https://youtu.be/j95Lwxvi9JY",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "b1r1X3XCoPSayQjDBcy54": {
+    "title": "fs module",
+    "description": "File System or fs module is a built in module in Node that enables interacting with the file system using JavaScript. All file system operations have synchronous, callback, and promise-based forms, and are accessible using both CommonJS syntax and ES6 Modules.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Official Documentation",
+        "url": "https://nodejs.org/api/fs.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "More about fs module",
+        "url": "https://www.w3schools.com/nodejs/nodejs_filesystem.asp",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Using fs",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZySsdm576wE",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "1AaGG660rvZlNYMOA35qO": {
+    "title": "__dirname",
+    "description": "The `__dirname` in a node script returns the path of the folder where the current JavaScript file resides. `__filename` and `__dirname` are used to get the filename and directory name of the currently executing file.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Official Website",
+        "url": "https://nodejs.org/docs/latest/api/modules.html#__dirname",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How to use __dirname",
+        "url": "https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/nodejs-how-to-use__dirname",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "P2gdwx1qCxvg1Ppfw0aqQ": {
+    "title": "__filename",
+    "description": "The `__filename` in Node.js returns the filename of the executed code. It gives the absolute path of the code file. The following approach covers implementing `__filename` in the Node.js project.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Official Docs",
+        "url": "https://nodejs.org/docs/latest/api/modules.html#__filename",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "CWH0ZsxJ8beLvwMYJyH52": {
+    "title": "glob",
+    "description": "The glob pattern is most commonly used to specify filenames, called wildcard characters, and strings, called wildcard matching.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "NPM Glob",
+        "url": "https://www.npmjs.com/package/glob",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "HYTw74rrd7kkOemCxfT9I": {
+    "title": "globby",
+    "description": "_User-friendly glob matching_\n\nBased on fast-glob but adds a bunch of useful features.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Github Globby",
+        "url": "https://github.com/sindresorhus/globby",
+        "type": "opensource"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "NPM Globby",
+        "url": "https://www.npmjs.com/package/globby",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "zDmWGRrgwq3Gjfkyk6crK": {
+    "title": "fs-extra",
+    "description": "fs-extra adds file system methods that aren't included in the native fs module and adds promise support to the fs methods. It also uses graceful-fs to prevent EMFILE errors. It should be a drop in replacement for fs.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Official Website",
+        "url": "https://www.npmjs.com/package/fs-extra",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "fs-extra vs fs",
+        "url": "https://ar.al/2021/03/07/fs-extra-to-fs/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "een1zhvgN_33Cu6OiWtyX": {
+    "title": "chokidar",
+    "description": "Chokidar is a fast open-source file watcher for node. js. You give it a bunch of files, it watches them for changes and notifies you every time an old file is edited; or a new file is created.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "NPM Docs",
+        "url": "https://www.npmjs.com/package/chokidar",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "Ce-dP-OXu0mEm30rzp2hW": {
+    "title": "Command Line Apps",
+    "description": "Command Line Applications are applications that can be run from the command line. They are also called CLI (Command Line Interface) applications. Users can interact with clients entirely by terminal commands. They are very useful for automation and building tools.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Build a Command Line Application with Node.js",
+        "url": "https://developer.okta.com/blog/2019/06/18/command-line-app-with-nodejs",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Node.js",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/nodejs?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "5-Minute Node.js CLI Project",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_oHByo8tiEY",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "fE9C7Resn4EcL-hYHbsaZ": {
+    "title": "dotenv package",
+    "description": "dotenv is a zero-dependency module that loads environment variables from a `.env` file into `process.env`. Storing configuration in the environment separate from code is based on The Twelve-Factor App methodology.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "dotenv Docs",
+        "url": "https://github.com/motdotla/dotenv#readme",
+        "type": "opensource"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "The Twelve-Factor App Methodology",
+        "url": "https://12factor.net/config",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "process.env Documentation",
+        "url": "https://nodejs.org/docs/latest/api/process.html#process_process_env",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Dotenv package",
+        "url": "https://www.npmjs.com/package/dotenv",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Dotenv tutorial",
+        "url": "https://zetcode.com/javascript/dotenv/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about General Programming",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/general-programming?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "wthXp2YGg3eTMbxsek77C": {
+    "title": "process.env",
+    "description": "In Node. js, process. env is a global variable that is injected during runtime. It is a view of the state of the system environment variables. When we set an environment variable, it is loaded into process.env during runtime and can later be accessed.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Node.js Learn environment variables",
+        "url": "https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/nodejs-command-line-arguments-node-scripts",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Process.env Node",
+        "url": "https://www.knowledgehut.com/blog/web-development/node-environment-variables",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "XteNExIZN3_g95_dPCopY": {
+    "title": "Exitting / Exit Codes",
+    "description": "`Exiting` is a way of terminating a Node.js process by using node.js process module.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Node.js Docs on exit",
+        "url": "https://nodejs.org/docs/latest/api/process.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How to Exit a Process in Node.js",
+        "url": "https://www.knowledgehut.com/blog/web-development/node-js-process-exit",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "betuntelnEMSHdatO6VPl": {
+    "title": "process.stdin",
+    "description": "The `process.stdin` is a standard Readable stream which listens for user input and is accessible via the process module. It uses `on()` function to listen for input events.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Official Documentation",
+        "url": "https://nodejs.org/api/process.html#processstdin",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "xgsKrUdfB0g0DMQCLK3aY": {
+    "title": "prompts package",
+    "description": "Prompts is a higher level and user friendly interface built on top of Node.js's inbuilt `Readline` module. It supports different type of prompts such as text, password, autocomplete, date, etc. It is an interactive module and comes with inbuilt validation support.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Official Documentation",
+        "url": "https://www.npmjs.com/package/prompts",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "WFJJtIqVoBIhK10XY-d7l": {
+    "title": "Inquirer Package",
+    "description": "Inquirer.js is a collection of common interactive command line interfaces for taking inputs from user. It is promise based and supports chaining series of prompt questions together, receiving text input, checkboxes, lists of choices and much more.\n\nYou can use it to empower your terminal applications that need user input or to build your own CLI.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Official Docs",
+        "url": "https://github.com/SBoudrias/Inquirer.js#readme",
+        "type": "opensource"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How To Create Interactive Command-line Prompts with Inquirer.js",
+        "url": "https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/nodejs-interactive-command-line-prompts",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How to make a CLI in Node.js with Inquirer",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0xjfkl9nODQ",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "N2vR1_NyDn4rYLXJzxWBZ": {
+    "title": "stdout / stderr",
+    "description": "The `process.stdout` property is an inbuilt application programming interface of the process module which is used to send data out of our program. A Writable Stream to stdout. It implements a `write()` method. `console.log()` prints to the `process.stdout.write()` with formatted output or new line.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "process.stdout",
+        "url": "https://nodejs.org/api/process.html#processstdout",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "process.stdout vs console.log",
+        "url": "https://stackoverflow.com/questions/4976466/difference-between-process-stdout-write-and-console-log-in-node-js/4984464#4984464",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "V4OWIC1cnw8EFyu26Y_dA": {
+    "title": "chalk package",
+    "description": "Chalk is a clean and focused library used to do string styling in your terminal applications. With it, you can print different styled messages to your console such as changing font colors, font boldness, font opacity, and the background of any message printed on your console.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Chalk Docs",
+        "url": "https://github.com/chalk/chalk#readme",
+        "type": "opensource"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Style Command Line Output with Chalk Package in Node.js",
+        "url": "https://www.positronx.io/style-command-line-output-with-chalk-library-in-node-js/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "PHLdJylzNZDJBGi8FFsfO": {
+    "title": "figlet package",
+    "description": "This package aims to fully implement the FIGfont spec in JavaScript, which represents the graphical arrangement of characters representing larger characters. It works in the browser and with Node.js.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "GitHub Repository",
+        "url": "https://github.com/patorjk/figlet.js",
+        "type": "opensource"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "iW9je5Pq7bjxWZDERv_p5": {
+    "title": "cli-progress",
+    "description": "CLI-Progress is a package that provides a custom progress bar for CLI applications.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "CLI-Progress Documentation",
+        "url": "https://www.npmjs.com/package/cli-progress",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about CLI",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/cli?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "lT2DDRtbFfEjb_cmsQx8i": {
+    "title": "process.argv",
+    "description": "`process.argv` is an array of parameters that are sent when you run a Node.js file or Node.js process.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Node.js Docs on process.argv",
+        "url": "https://nodejs.org/docs/latest/api/process.html#processargv",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Command Line Arguments - Cave of Programming",
+        "url": "https://youtu.be/nr7i2HOAjeE",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "BxxLQUI7JcQgF6TK3L5uU": {
+    "title": "commander",
+    "description": "Commander is a light-weight, expressive, and powerful command-line framework for node.js. with Commander.js you can create your own command-line interface (CLI).\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Official Documentation",
+        "url": "https://www.npmjs.com/package/commander",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about JavaScript",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/javascript?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "fFVCb6aZWRHdNDFt5C09R": {
+    "title": "Building & Consuming APIs",
+    "description": "API is the acronym for Application Programming Interface, which is a software intermediary that allows two applications to talk to each other.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is an API?",
+        "url": "https://aws.amazon.com/what-is/api/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Node.js",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/nodejs?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "1vq_KcYR_pkfp1MtXaL75": {
+    "title": "Express.js",
+    "description": "Express is a node js web application framework that provides broad features for building web and mobile applications. It is used to build a single page, multipage, and hybrid web application.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Express.js Official Website",
+        "url": "https://expressjs.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Official Getting Started Guide",
+        "url": "https://expressjs.com/en/starter/installing.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Express Full Guide",
+        "url": "https://www.tutorialspoint.com/nodejs/nodejs_express_framework.htm",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Sample Project",
+        "url": "https://auth0.com/blog/create-a-simple-and-stylish-node-express-app/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Express.js",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/express?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "WkU_rI4i-UmNSxb5F9TI-": {
+    "title": "fastify",
+    "description": "Fastify is a web framework highly focused on providing the best developer experience with the least overhead and a powerful plugin architecture, inspired by Hapi and Express.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Fastify Website",
+        "url": "https://www.fastify.io/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Fastify Official Documentations",
+        "url": "https://www.fastify.io/docs/latest/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Fastify",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/fastify?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Beginner Fastify Tutorial",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lk-uVEVGxOA",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "tGD8XLHnfspfv8CbguGwV": {
+    "title": "NestJS",
+    "description": "NestJS is a progressive Node.js framework for creating efficient and scalable server-side applications.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "NestJS Website",
+        "url": "https://nestjs.com",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "NestJS Official Documentations",
+        "url": "https://docs.nestjs.com",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about JavaScript",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/javascript?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Beginner NestJS Tutorial",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GHTA143_b-s",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "Xa-lA1wbZ9JZ_XpXfhhw5": {
+    "title": "Hono",
+    "description": "Hono is a lightweight, simple, and fast web framework for Cloudflare Workers, Deno, Bun, and other applications. It is a modern web application that is both fast and flexible. It offers inbuilt support for TypeScript, and easy development in a local environment. Using Hono, It is easy to create publishable web applications with Deno, Bun, and Cloudflare Workers.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Hono Official Documentations",
+        "url": "https://hono.dev/docs/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Build a web application with Hono",
+        "url": "https://blog.logrocket.com/build-web-application-hono/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "Sjc1YDtbzXyLQH711_3nj": {
+    "title": "http module",
+    "description": "You can make API calls using the `http` module in Node.js as well. Here are the two methods that you can use:\n\n*   `http.get()` - Make http GET requests.\n*   `http.request()` - Similar to `http.get()` but enables sending other types of http requests (GET requests inclusive).\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Node.js http.get() documentaion",
+        "url": "https://nodejs.org/docs/latest-v16.x/api/http.html#httpgeturl-options-callback",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Node http.request() documentaion",
+        "url": "https://nodejs.org/docs/latest-v16.x/api/http.html#httprequesturl-options-callback",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How To Create an HTTP Client with Core HTTP in Node.js",
+        "url": "https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-create-an-http-client-with-core-http-in-node-js",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "BOLiZg8YDKADMwP01U5ph": {
+    "title": "axios",
+    "description": "Axios is a promise-based HTTP Client for node.js and the browser. Used for making requests to web servers. On the server-side it uses the native node.js http module, while on the client (browser) it uses XMLHttpRequests.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Axios Official Documentations",
+        "url": "https://axios-http.com/docs/intro",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Axios",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/axios?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Axios Tutorial",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6LyagkoRWYA",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "-_2letLUta5Ymc5eEOKhn": {
+    "title": "ky",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "B_3rTGQxJneMREXoi2gQn": {
+    "title": "fetch",
+    "description": "The `fetch()` method in JavaScript is used to request to the server and load the information on the webpages. The request can be of any APIs that return the data of the format JSON or XML. This method returns a promise.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "MDN - Using the Fetch API",
+        "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Fetch_API/Using_Fetch",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "NodeJS globals: fetch",
+        "url": "https://nodejs.org/api/globals.html#fetch",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "MDN - Promise",
+        "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Promise",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "freeCodeCamp on avoiding callback hell",
+        "url": "https://www.freecodecamp.org/news/how-to-deal-with-nested-callbacks-and-avoid-callback-hell-1bc8dc4a2012/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "6stiDKubT6XVAOGiJ6wsx": {
+    "title": "got package",
+    "description": "Got is a lighter, human-friendly, and powerful HTTP request library explicitly designed to work with Node.js. It supports pagination, RFC compliant caching, makes an API request again if it fails, supports cookies out of the box, etc.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Official Documentation",
+        "url": "https://www.npmjs.com/package/got",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How to consume APIs using GOT in Node.js?",
+        "url": "https://rapidapi.com/guides/call-apis-got",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "7u2WMxjLx3mMtn0cha4M7": {
+    "title": "jsonwebtoken",
+    "description": "JWT, or JSON-Web-Token, is an open standard for sharing security information between two parties — a client and a server. Each JWT contains encoded JSON objects, including a set of claims. JWTs are signed using a cryptographic algorithm to ensure that the claims cannot be altered after the token is issued.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Package Documentation",
+        "url": "https://www.npmjs.com/package/jsonwebtoken",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is JWT",
+        "url": "https://www.akana.com/blog/what-is-jwt",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "JWT Implementation",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mbsmsi7l3r4",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "mIyv6S9a5dCHkk-JhhjKV": {
+    "title": "passport.js",
+    "description": "Passport.js is authentication middleware for Node.js. It makes implementing authentication in express apps really easy and fast. It is extremely flexible and modular. It uses \"strategies\" to support authentication using a username and password, Facebook, Twitter, and a lot of other sites.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "PassportJS Website",
+        "url": "https://www.passportjs.org/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "PassportJS Official Documentation",
+        "url": "https://www.passportjs.org/docs/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about JavaScript",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/javascript?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Implementation of OAuth using passportjs",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sakQbeRjgwg&list=PL4cUxeGkcC9jdm7QX143aMLAqyM-jTZ2x",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "swp4wBgA7z-sd64VDkMrw": {
+    "title": "Monitor Changes (Dev)",
+    "description": "In Node.js, you need to restart the process to make changes take effect. This adds an extra step to your workflow. You can eliminate this extra step by using `nodemon` to restart the process automatically.\n\nSince Node.js 18.11.0, you can run Node with the `--watch` flag to reload your app everytime a file is changed. So you don't need to use `nodemon` anymore. [Node.js 18.11.0 Changelog](https://github.com/nodejs/node/blob/main/doc/changelogs/CHANGELOG_V18.md#18.11.0).",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "812bVEzxwTsYzLG_PmLqN": {
+    "title": "--watch",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "2Ym2jMvov0lZ79aJFaw29": {
+    "title": "nodemon",
+    "description": "In Node.js, you need to restart the process to make changes take effect. This adds an extra step to your workflow. You can eliminate this extra step by using [nodemon](https://nodemon.io/) or [PM2](https://pm2.keymetrics.io/docs/usage/quick-start/) to restart the process automatically.\n\n`nodemon` is a command-line interface (CLI) utility developed by [@rem](https://twitter.com/rem) that wraps your Node app, watches the file system, and automatically restarts the process.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "How To Restart Your Node.js Apps Automatically with nodemon",
+        "url": "https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/workflow-nodemon",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Node.js",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/nodejs?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "J0ErCAZT5B97ZMogU2JHd": {
+    "title": "Template Engines",
+    "description": "Template engine helps us to create an HTML template with minimal code. Also, it can inject data into HTML template at client side and produce the final HTML.\n\nSome examples of template engines in Node.js are:\n\n*   Nunjucks\n*   Jade\n*   Vash\n*   EJS\n*   Handlebars\n*   HAML",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "L-_N7OxxuHCXsdWYBgZGu": {
+    "title": "ejs",
+    "description": "EJS is a templating language or engine that allows you to generate HTML markup with pure JavaScript. And this is what makes it perfect for Nodejs applications. In simple words, the EJS template engine helps to easily embed JavaScript into your HTML template.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Ejs website",
+        "url": "https://ejs.co/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Ejs Official Documentations",
+        "url": "https://ejs.co/#docs",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Ejs Official Package",
+        "url": "https://www.npmjs.com/package/ejs",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Try EJS Online",
+        "url": "https://ionicabizau.github.io/ejs-playground/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How to use EJS",
+        "url": "https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-use-ejs-to-template-your-node-application",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Step-by-Step EJS Guide",
+        "url": "https://codeforgeek.com/ejs-template-engine-in-nodejs/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "O67e2qyhxP5joR5LGyZ2N": {
+    "title": "pug",
+    "description": "Pug is a JavaScript template engine. It is a high-performance template engine heavily influenced by Haml and implemented with JavaScript for Node.js and browsers. Pug was formerly called Jade.\n\nPug is a high-performance template engine heavily influenced by Haml and implemented with JavaScript for Node.js and browsers\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Getting started with PugJs",
+        "url": "https://pugjs.org/api/getting-started.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How to Build a Node Application Using a Pug Template",
+        "url": "https://blog.bitsrc.io/how-to-build-a-node-application-using-a-pug-template-7319ab1bba69?gi=40b338891148",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Pug.js tutorial",
+        "url": "https://zetcode.com/javascript/pugjs/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Node.js + Express - Tutorial - PugJS Templating Engine",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DSp9ExFw3Ig",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "f2DyjBIglAZ6NoHaRnlzt": {
+    "title": "marko",
+    "description": "Marko is a fast and lightweight HTML-based templating engine that compiles templates to CommonJS modules and supports streaming, async rendering, and custom tags. It is HTML re-imagined as a language for building dynamic and reactive user interfaces.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Marko Documentation",
+        "url": "https://markojs.com/docs/guides-overview/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "5l-lZ8gwVLqqAF_n99vIO": {
+    "title": "Working with Databases",
+    "description": "A database is an organized collection of structured information, or data, typically stored electronically in a computer system. A database is usually controlled by a database management system (DBMS).",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "NDf-o-WECK02mVnZ8IFxy": {
+    "title": "Mongoose",
+    "description": "Mongoose is an Object Data Modeling (ODM) library for MongoDB and Node.js. Mongoose provides a straight-forward, schema-based solution to model your application data. It includes built-in type casting, validation, query building, business logic hooks and more, out of the box.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Mongoose Website",
+        "url": "https://mongoosejs.com",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Getting Started with MongoDB and Mongoose",
+        "url": "https://www.mongodb.com/developer/languages/javascript/getting-started-with-mongodb-and-mongoose/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Mongoose",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/mongoose?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "3Qxtf8n6gJYdnRsuqa52Q": {
+    "title": "Prisma",
+    "description": "Prisma provides an open source next-generation ORM in the TypeScript ecosystem. It offers a dedicated API for relation filters. It provides an abstraction layer that makes you more productive compared to writing SQL. Prisma currently supports `PostgreSQL`, `MySQL`, `SQL Server`, `SQLite`, `MongoDB` and `CockroachDB`.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Prisma Website",
+        "url": "https://www.prisma.io/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Prisma",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/prisma?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Prisma & MongoDB Youtube Tutorial",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-7r4whMKt1s",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "5WqLm53CHDT5uBoMH-iPl": {
+    "title": "Native Drivers",
+    "description": "Another way to connect to different databases in Node.js is to use the official native drivers provided by the database. For example, here is the [list of drivers by MongoDB](https://www.mongodb.com/docs/drivers/)",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "HDDnt79_PCB5JU-KnHKUh": {
+    "title": "Knex",
+    "description": "Knex.js is a \"batteries included\" SQL query builder for PostgreSQL, CockroachDB, MSSQL, MySQL, MariaDB, SQLite3, Better-SQLite3, Oracle, and Amazon Redshift designed to be flexible, portable, and fun to use.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Knex.js Docs",
+        "url": "https://knexjs.org",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Node.js",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/nodejs?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "JXQF9H4_N0rM7ZDKcCZNn": {
+    "title": "Drizzle",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "rk5FtAPDi1TpvWd0yBbtl": {
+    "title": "TypeORM",
+    "description": "TypeORM is an ORM that can run in NodeJS, Browser, Cordova, PhoneGap, Ionic, React Native, NativeScript, Expo, and Electron platforms and can be used with TypeScript and JavaScript (ES5, ES6, ES7, ES8). Its goal is to always support the latest JavaScript features and provide additional features that help you to develop any kind of application that uses databases - from small applications with a few tables to large scale enterprise applications with multiple databases.\n\nTypeORM supports both [Active Record](https://typeorm.io/active-record-data-mapper#what-is-the-active-record-pattern) and [Data Mapper](https://typeorm.io/active-record-data-mapper#what-is-the-data-mapper-pattern) patterns, unlike all other JavaScript ORMs currently in existence, which means you can write high quality, loosely coupled, scalable, maintainable applications the most productive way.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "TypeORM Docs",
+        "url": "https://typeorm.io",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "TypeORM Crash Course",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JaTbzPcyiOE",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "fOm-ktIaLqrmA0zln0Bga": {
+    "title": "Sequelize",
+    "description": "Sequelize is an easy-to-use and promise-based Node.js ORM tool for Postgres, MySQL, MariaDB, SQLite, DB2, Microsoft SQL Server, and Snowflake. It features solid transaction support, relations, eager and lazy loading, read replication and more.\n\nWhat is an ORM ?\n----------------\n\nAn ORM is known as Object Relational Mapper. This is a tool or a level of abstraction which maps(converts) data in a relational database into programmatic objects that can be manipulated by a programmer using a programming language(usually an OOP language). ORMs solely exist to map the details between two data sources which due to a mismatch cannot coexist together.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Sequelize Website",
+        "url": "https://sequelize.org/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Sequelize - NPM Package",
+        "url": "https://www.npmjs.com/package/sequelize",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Official Sequelize Docs",
+        "url": "https://sequelize.org/docs/v6/getting-started/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Getting started with Sequelize",
+        "url": "https://levelup.gitconnected.com/the-ultimate-guide-to-get-started-with-sequelize-orm-238588d3516e",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Node.js",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/nodejs?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "O7Cy2g_GPxKU6vPfEmNyi": {
+    "title": "Prisma",
+    "description": "Prisma is an ORM that helps app developers build faster and make fewer errors. Combined with its Data Platform developers gain reliability and visibility when working with databases.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Prisma Website",
+        "url": "https://www.prisma.io/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Prisma Official Documentations",
+        "url": "https://www.prisma.io/docs/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Prisma",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/prisma?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "KpC-QYKalUp7VUvnMKBoW": {
+    "title": "Native Drivers",
+    "description": "NativeDriver is an implementation of the WebDriver API which drives the UI of a native application rather than a web application. It extends the WebDriver API in a few key places, and re-interprets the existing API for native applications.\n\n*   MySQL:\n    *   [mysql](https://www.npmjs.com/package/mysql)\n    *   [mysql2](https://www.npmjs.com/package/mysql2)\n*   MariaDB:\n    *   [mariadb](https://www.npmjs.com/package/mariadb)\n*   PostgreSQL:\n    *   [pg](https://www.npmjs.com/package/pg)\n*   Microsoft SQL Server:\n    *   [tedious](https://www.npmjs.com/package/tedious)\n    *   [mssql](https://www.npmjs.com/package/mssql)\n*   Oracle:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "oracledb",
+        "url": "https://www.npmjs.com/package/oracledb",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "90NIFfbWjTbyKZKwyJlfI": {
+    "title": "Testing",
+    "description": "Software testing is the process of verifying that what we create is doing exactly what we expect it to do. The tests are created to prevent bugs and improve code quality.\n\nThe two most common testing approaches are unit testing and end-to-end testing. In the first, we examine small snippets of code, in the second, we test an entire user flow.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "qjToBaMenW3SDtEfoCbQ6": {
+    "title": "Vitest",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "oSLpy31XEcA2nRq9ks_LJ": {
+    "title": "node:test",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "5xrbKv2stKPJRv7Vzf9nM": {
+    "title": "Jest",
+    "description": "Jest is a delightful JavaScript Testing Framework with a focus on simplicity. It works with projects using: Babel, TypeScript, Node, React, Angular, Vue and more!\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Jest Website",
+        "url": "https://jestjs.io",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Jest Documentation",
+        "url": "https://jestjs.io/docs/getting-started",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Jest",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/jest?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "Ix-g9pgJjEI04bSfROvlq": {
+    "title": "Playwright",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "3Fh3-V1kCZtlUTvEoloIO": {
+    "title": "Cypress",
+    "description": "Cypress is a new front end testing tool built for the modern web. It enables you to write faster, easier and more reliable tests.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Cypress Website",
+        "url": "https://www.cypress.io/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Cypress Documentation",
+        "url": "https://docs.cypress.io/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Cypress",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/cypress?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "b7ZAEqo0ZU6TNf18Bo0mI": {
+    "title": "Logging",
+    "description": "**Logging** is an essential part of understanding the complete application life cycle of the `Node.js` application. We can much more easily and quickly fix errors by looking at logs throughout the development process, from creating to debugging to designing new features. **Error**, **warn**, **info**, and **debug** are the four basic logging levels in `Node.js`. Logging involves persistently collecting information about an application's runtime behaviour.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Node.js Logging",
+        "url": "https://stackify.com/node-js-logging/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Logging best practices",
+        "url": "https://blog.appsignal.com/2021/09/01/best-practices-for-logging-in-nodejs.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Logging",
+        "url": "https://stackify.com/node-js-logging/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Logging",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/logging?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "Oe9cQCz2lwSaot7miZOta": {
+    "title": "Winston",
+    "description": "winston is designed to be a simple and universal logging library with support for multiple transports. A transport is essentially a storage device for your logs. Each winston logger can have multiple transports configured at different levels. For example, one may want error logs to be stored in a persistent remote location (like a database), but all logs output to the console or a local file.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "winston Website",
+        "url": "https://github.com/winstonjs/winston",
+        "type": "opensource"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "CTHFGgtXFpke4aPhh5vRY": {
+    "title": "Morgan",
+    "description": "Morgan is a NodeJS and express.js middleware to log the HTTP request and error, simplifying the debugging process. It provides flexibility in defining the format of log messages and helps override the output destination for your logs.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Official Website",
+        "url": "https://www.npmjs.com/package/morgan",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How to use Morgan|DigitalOcean",
+        "url": "https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/nodejs-getting-started-morgan",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "af7n-J7VvbdpZh9lwA773": {
+    "title": "Keep app Running",
+    "description": "PM2 lets you run your nodejs scripts forever. In the event that your application crashes, PM2 will also restart it for you.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Keep a node application constantly running",
+        "url": "https://devtut.github.io/nodejs/keep-a-node-application-constantly-running.html#use-pm2-as-a-process-manager",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Node.js",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/nodejs?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "7WAuMMyelUbgwEHtnMmJv": {
+    "title": "pm2 ",
+    "description": "PM2 is a production process manager for Node.js applications with a built-in load balancer. It allows you to keep applications alive forever, to reload them without downtime and to facilitate common system admin tasks.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Pm2 Website",
+        "url": "https://pm2.keymetrics.io/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Pm2 Official Documentations",
+        "url": "https://pm2.keymetrics.io/docs/usage/quick-start/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "KzUmXkwrmU_ssVBjSHAiY": {
+    "title": "Threads",
+    "description": "Node.js is a single-threaded language and gives us ways to work parallelly to our main process. Taking note of nowadays multicore system single threading is very memory efficient.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Single Thread vs Child Process vs Worker Threads vs Cluster in Node.js",
+        "url": "https://alvinlal.netlify.app/blog/single-thread-vs-child-process-vs-worker-threads-vs-cluster-in-nodejs",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Node.js",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/nodejs?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "lzPrWD3pxQmpbqgYPL-zW": {
+    "title": "Child Process",
+    "description": "The child\\_process module gives the node the ability to run the child process, established through IPC (inter-process communication) by accessing operating system commands.\n\nThe three main methods inside this module are : `child_process.spawn()` `child_process.fork()` `child_process.exec()`\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Child Process Docs",
+        "url": "https://nodejs.org/api/child_process.html#child-process",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "PkQ_sQ0YFPCZGx4BRgG0t": {
+    "title": "Cluster",
+    "description": "The Cluster module allows you to easily create child processes that each runs simultaneously on their own single thread, to handle workloads among their application threads.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Cluster Docs",
+        "url": "https://nodejs.org/api/cluster.html#cluster",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "bH2Iv3BX0ZiWD3lOmC_m_": {
+    "title": "Worker Threads",
+    "description": "Worker thread is a continuous parallel thread that runs and accepts messages until it is explicitly closed or terminated. With worker threads, we can achieve a much efficient application without creating a deadlock situation. Workers, unlike children's processes, can exchange memory.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Worker Threads Docs",
+        "url": "https://nodejs.org/api/worker_threads.html#worker-threads",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "WrnjjUDXQwwMXQjmgK72U": {
+    "title": "Streams",
+    "description": "Streams are a type of data handling methods and are used to read, write or transform chunks of data piece by piece without keeping it in memory all at once. There are four types of streams in Node.js.\n\n*   **Readable**: streams from which data can be read.\n*   **Writable**: streams to which we can write data.\n*   **Duplex**: streams that are both Readable and Writable.\n*   **Transform**: streams that can modify or transform the data as it is written and read.\n\nMultiple streams can be chained together using `pipe()` method.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Stream API Official Documentation",
+        "url": "https://nodejs.org/api/stream.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Understanding Streams in Node.js",
+        "url": "https://nodesource.com/blog/understanding-streams-in-nodejs",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Node.js",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/nodejs?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Node.js Streams tutorial",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GlybFFMXXmQ",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "ZLNUuDKhJ03Kw7xMVc7IR": {
+    "title": "Debugging",
+    "description": "Debugging is a concept to identify and remove errors from software applications. Here, we will learn about the technique to debug a Node.js application.\n\nWhy not to use console.log() for debugging?\n-------------------------------------------\n\nUsing `console.log` to debug the code generally dives into an infinite loop of “stopping the app and adding a console.log, and start the app again” operations. Besides slowing down the development of the app, it also makes the writing dirty and creates unnecessary code. Finally, trying to log out variables alongside with the noise of other potential logging operations, may make the process of debugging difficult when attempting to find the values you are debugging.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "oU9I7KBZoTSXXFmYscEIq": {
+    "title": "Memory Leaks",
+    "description": "Memory leaks are caused when your Node.js app’s CPU and memory usage increases over time for no apparent reason. In simple terms, a Node.js memory leak is an orphan block of memory on the Heap that is no longer used by your app because it has not been released by the garbage collector. It’s a useless block of memory. These blocks can grow over time and lead to your app crashing because it runs out of memory.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Memory leaks in Node.js",
+        "url": "https://sematext.com/blog/nodejs-memory-leaks/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Memory leaks causes",
+        "url": "https://sematext.com/blog/nodejs-memory-leaks/#what-causes-them-common-node-js-memory-leaks",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Memory leaks detectors",
+        "url": "https://sematext.com/blog/nodejs-memory-leaks/#node-js-memory-leak-detectors",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about General Programming",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/general-programming?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "DcmGcVlEHL4IV7yPMDpVa": {
+    "title": "node --inspect",
+    "description": "Node.js provides a built-in DevTools-based debugger to allow debugging Node.js applications.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Debugging Node.js with Chrome DevTools",
+        "url": "https://medium.com/@paul_irish/debugging-node-js-nightlies-with-chrome-devtools-7c4a1b95ae27",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "CvkjlOpT34lOHgzQHL40s": {
+    "title": "Using APM",
+    "description": "As much fun as it is to intercept your container requests with inspect and step through your code, you won’t have this option in production. This is why it makes a lot of sense to try and debug your application locally in the same way as you would in production.\n\nIn production, one of your tools would be to login to your remote server to view the console logs, just as you would on local. But this can be a tedious approach. Luckily, there are tools out there that perform what is called log aggregation, such as Stackify.\n\nThese tools send your logs from your running application into a single location. They often come with high-powered search and query utilities so that you can easily parse your logs and visualize them.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Debugging using APM ",
+        "url": "https://stackify.com/node-js-debugging-tips/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about APM",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/apm?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "SJ01N7vMZkNiIuMYQhdpj": {
+    "title": "Garbage Collection",
+    "description": "Memory management in JavaScript is performed automatically and invisibly to us. We create primitives, objects, functions… All that takes memory. The main concept of memory management in JavaScript is reachability.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "JavaScript Garbage Collection",
+        "url": "https://javascript.info/garbage-collection",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Memory Management in JavaScript",
+        "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Memory_Management",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "M62lAWBOrTe99TfpFOQ-Y": {
+    "title": "Common Built-in Modules",
+    "description": "These are the common modules that come with `Node.js` out of the box. This module provides tools or APIs for performing out certain standard `Node.js` operations. like interacting with the file system, url parsing, or logging information to the console.",
+    "links": []
+  }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/public/roadmap-content/postgresql-dba.json b/public/roadmap-content/postgresql-dba.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a85792ce8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/public/roadmap-content/postgresql-dba.json
@@ -0,0 +1,2633 @@
+{
+  "lDIy56RyC1XM7IfORsSLD": {
+    "title": "Introduction",
+    "description": "PostgreSQL is a powerful, open-source Object-Relational Database Management System (ORDBMS) that is known for its robustness, extensibility, and SQL compliance. It was initially developed at the University of California, Berkeley, in the 1980s and has since become one of the most popular open-source databases in the world.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "soar-NBWCr4xVKj7ttfnc": {
+    "title": "What are Relational Databases?",
+    "description": "Relational databases are a type of database management system (DBMS) that stores and organizes data in a structured format called tables. These tables are made up of rows, also known as records or tuples, and columns, which are also called attributes or fields. The term \"relational\" comes from the fact that these tables can be related to one another through keys and relationships.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Relational Databases: concept and history",
+        "url": "https://www.ibm.com/topics/relational-databases",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Backend Development",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/backend?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "p3AmRr_y_ZBKzAU5eh7OU": {
+    "title": "RDBMS Benefits and Limitations",
+    "description": "Relational Database Management Systems (RDBMS) offer several benefits, including robust data integrity through ACID (Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability) compliance, powerful querying capabilities with SQL, and strong support for data relationships via foreign keys and joins. They are highly scalable vertically and can handle complex transactions reliably. However, RDBMS also have limitations such as difficulties in horizontal scaling, which can limit performance in highly distributed systems. They can be less flexible with schema changes, often requiring significant effort to modify existing structures, and may not be the best fit for unstructured data or large-scale, high-velocity data environments typical of some NoSQL solutions.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "15 Advantages and Disadvantages of RDBMS",
+        "url": "https://trainings.internshala.com/blog/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-rdbms/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Top 11 Advantages and Disadvantages of RDBMS You Should Know",
+        "url": "https://webandcrafts.com/blog/advantages-disadvantages-rdbms",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Limitations of Relational Databases",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t62DXEfIFy4",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "IAKERTzTpTds5kZLMCapM": {
+    "title": "PostgreSQL vs Other RDBMS",
+    "description": "PostgreSQL stands out among other RDBMS options due to its open-source nature, advanced features, and robust performance. Unlike proprietary systems like Oracle or Microsoft SQL Server, PostgreSQL is free to use and highly extensible, allowing users to add custom functions, data types, and operators. It supports a wide range of indexing techniques and provides advanced features such as full-text search, JSON support, and geographic information system (GIS) capabilities through PostGIS. Additionally, PostgreSQL's strong adherence to SQL standards ensures compatibility and ease of migration. While systems like MySQL are also popular and known for their speed in read-heavy environments, PostgreSQL often surpasses them in terms of functionality and compliance with ACID properties, making it a versatile choice for complex, transactional applications.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "PostgreSQL vs MySQL: The Critical Differences",
+        "url": "https://www.integrate.io/blog/postgresql-vs-mysql-which-one-is-better-for-your-use-case/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Whats the difference between PostgreSQL and MySQL?",
+        "url": "https://aws.amazon.com/compare/the-difference-between-mysql-vs-postgresql/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "D0doJTtLu-1MmFOfavCXN": {
+    "title": "PostgreSQL vs NoSQL Databases",
+    "description": "PostgreSQL, a powerful open-source relational database system, excels in handling complex queries, ensuring data integrity, and supporting ACID transactions, making it ideal for applications requiring intricate data relationships and strong consistency. It offers advanced features like JSON support for semi-structured data, full-text search, and extensive indexing capabilities. In contrast, NoSQL databases, such as MongoDB or Cassandra, prioritize scalability and flexibility, often supporting schema-less designs that make them suitable for handling unstructured or semi-structured data and high-velocity workloads. These databases are typically used in scenarios requiring rapid development, horizontal scaling, and high availability, often at the cost of reduced consistency guarantees compared to PostgreSQL.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What’s the Difference Between MongoDB and PostgreSQL?",
+        "url": "https://aws.amazon.com/compare/the-difference-between-mongodb-and-postgresql/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "MongoDB vs PostgreSQL: 15 Critical Differences",
+        "url": "https://kinsta.com/blog/mongodb-vs-postgresql/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "-M9EFgiDSSAzj9ISk-aeh": {
+    "title": "Basic RDBMS Concepts",
+    "description": "Relational Database Management Systems (RDBMS) are a type of database management system which stores and organizes data in tables, making it easy to manipulate, query, and manage the information. They follow the relational model defined by E.F. Codd in 1970, which means that data is represented as tables with rows and columns.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "RoYP1tYw5dvhmkVTo1HS-": {
+    "title": "Object Model",
+    "description": "PostgreSQL is an object-relational database management system (ORDBMS). That means it combines features of both relational (RDBMS) and object-oriented databases (OODBMS). The object model in PostgreSQL provides features like user-defined data types, inheritance, and polymorphism, which enhances its capabilities beyond a typical SQL-based RDBMS.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "xVocG4LuFdtphwoOxiJTa": {
+    "title": "Queries",
+    "description": "Queries are the primary way to interact with a PostgreSQL database and retrieve or manipulate data stored within its tables. In this section, we will cover the fundamentals of querying in PostgreSQL - from basic `SELECT` statements to more advanced techniques like joins, subqueries, and aggregate functions.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Querying a Table",
+        "url": "https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/tutorial-select.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "4Pw7udOMIsiaKr7w9CRxc": {
+    "title": "Data Types",
+    "description": "PostgreSQL offers a rich and diverse set of data types, catering to a wide range of applications and ensuring data integrity and performance. These include standard numeric types such as integers, floating-point numbers, and serial types for auto-incrementing fields. Character types like VARCHAR and TEXT handle varying lengths of text, while DATE, TIME, and TIMESTAMP support a variety of temporal data requirements. PostgreSQL also supports a comprehensive set of Boolean, enumerated (ENUM), and composite types, enabling more complex data structures. Additionally, it excels with its support for JSON and JSONB data types, allowing for efficient storage and querying of semi-structured data. The inclusion of array types, geometric data types, and the PostGIS extension for geographic data further extends PostgreSQL's versatility, making it a powerful tool for a broad spectrum of data management needs.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "",
+        "url": "https://www.instaclustr.com/blog/postgresql-data-types-mappings-to-sql-jdbc-and-java-data-types/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Data Types",
+        "url": "https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/datatype.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "An introduction to PostgreSQL data types",
+        "url": "https://www.prisma.io/dataguide/postgresql/introduction-to-data-types",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "Rd3RLpyLMGQZzrxQrxDGo": {
+    "title": "Rows",
+    "description": "A row in PostgreSQL represents a single, uniquely identifiable record with a specific set of fields in a table. Each row in a table is made up of one or more columns, where each column can store a specific type of data (e.g., integer, character, date, etc.). The structure of a table determines the schema of its rows, and each row in a table must adhere to this schema.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Concepts",
+        "url": "https://www.postgresql.org/docs/7.1/query-concepts.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "cty2IjgS1BWltbYmuxxuV": {
+    "title": "Columns",
+    "description": "Columns are a fundamental component of PostgreSQL's object model. They are used to store the actual data within a table and define their attributes such as data type, constraints, and other properties.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Columns",
+        "url": "https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/infoschema-columns.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "PostgreSQL ADD COLUMN",
+        "url": "https://www.w3schools.com/postgresql/postgresql_add_column.php",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "W8NhR4SqteMLfso8AD6H8": {
+    "title": "Tables",
+    "description": "A table is one of the primary data storage objects in PostgreSQL. In simple terms, a table is a collection of rows or records, organized into columns. Each column has a unique name and contains data of a specific data type.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Table Basics",
+        "url": "https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/ddl-basics.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "mF6qAlo2ULJ3lECG2m0h7": {
+    "title": "Schemas",
+    "description": "Schemas are an essential part of PostgreSQL's object model, and they help provide structure, organization, and namespacing for your database objects. A schema is a collection of database objects, such as tables, views, indexes, and functions, that are organized within a specific namespace.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is a schema in PostgreSQL",
+        "url": "https://hasura.io/learn/database/postgresql/core-concepts/1-postgresql-schema/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Schemas",
+        "url": "https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/ddl-schemas.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "DU-D3-j9h6i9Nj5ci8hlX": {
+    "title": "Databases",
+    "description": "In PostgreSQL, a database is a named collection of tables, indexes, views, stored procedures, and other database objects. Each PostgreSQL server can manage multiple databases, enabling the separation and organization of data sets for various applications, projects, or users.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Managing Databases",
+        "url": "https://www.postgresql.org/docs/8.1/managing-databases.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Managing a Database",
+        "url": "https://www.postgresql.org/docs/7.1/start-manage-db.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "mDVbjdVN0spY7dI_8k1YW": {
+    "title": "Relational Model",
+    "description": "The relational model is an approach to organizing and structuring data using tables, also referred to as \"relations\". It was first introduced by Edgar F. Codd in 1970 and has since become the foundation for most database management systems (DBMS), including PostgreSQL. This model organizes data into tables with rows and columns, where each row represents a single record and each column represents an attribute or field of the record.\n\nThe core concepts of the relational model include:\n\n*   **Attributes:** An attribute is a column within a table that represents a specific characteristic or property of an entity, such as \"name\", \"age\", \"email\", etc.\n    \n*   **Tuples:** A tuple is a single row within a table that represents a specific instance of an entity with its corresponding attribute values.\n    \n*   **Relations:** A relation is a table that consists of a set of tuples with the same attributes. It represents the relationship between entities and their attributes.\n    \n*   **Primary Key:** A primary key is a unique identifier for each tuple within a table. It enforces the uniqueness of records and is used to establish relationships between tables.\n    \n*   **Foreign Key:** A foreign key is an attribute within a table that references the primary key of another table. It is used to establish and enforce connections between relations.\n    \n*   **Normalization:** Normalization is a process of organizing data in a way to minimize redundancy and improve data integrity. It involves decomposing complex tables into simpler tables, ensuring unique records, and properly defining foreign keys.\n    \n*   **Data Manipulation Language (DML):** DML is a subset of SQL used to perform operations on data stored within the relational database, such as INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, and SELECT.\n    \n*   **Data Definition Language (DDL):** DDL is another subset of SQL used to define, modify, or delete database structures, such as CREATE, ALTER, and DROP.\n    \n\nBy understanding and implementing the relational model, databases can achieve high-level data integrity, reduce data redundancy, and simplify the process of querying and manipulating data. PostgreSQL, as an RDBMS (Relational Database Management System), fully supports the relational model, enabling users to efficiently and effectively manage their data in a well-structured and organized manner.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "-LuxJvI5IaOx6NqzK0d8S": {
+    "title": "Domains",
+    "description": "Domains in PostgreSQL are essentially user-defined data types that can be created using the `CREATE DOMAIN` command. These custom data types allow you to apply constraints and validation rules to columns in your tables by defining a set of values that are valid for a particular attribute or field. This ensures consistency and data integrity within your relational database.\n\nTo create a custom domain, you need to define a name for your domain, specify its underlying data type, and set any constraints or default values you want to apply. Domains in PostgreSQL are a great way to enforce data integrity and consistency in your relational database. They allow you to create custom data types based on existing data types with added constraints, default values, and validation rules. By using domains, you can streamline your database schema and ensure that your data complies with your business rules or requirements.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "CREATE DOMAIN",
+        "url": "https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/sql-createdomain.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Domain Types",
+        "url": "https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/domains.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "XvZMSveMWqmAlXOxwWzdk": {
+    "title": "Attributes",
+    "description": "Attributes in the relational model are the columns of a table, representing the properties or characteristics of the entity described by the table. Each attribute has a domain, defining the possible values it can take, such as integer, text, or date. Attributes play a crucial role in defining the schema of a relation (table) and are used to store and manipulate data. They are fundamental in maintaining data integrity, enforcing constraints, and enabling the relational operations that form the basis of SQL queries.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is a relational Model?",
+        "url": "https://www.guru99.com/relational-data-model-dbms.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Relational Model in DBMS",
+        "url": "https://www.scaler.com/topics/dbms/relational-model-in-dbms/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "vJhvgGwNV3JB-wWn_0gMb": {
+    "title": "Tuples",
+    "description": "In the relational model, a **tuple** is a fundamental concept that represents a single record or row in a table. In PostgreSQL, a tuple is composed of a set of attribute values, each corresponding to a specific column or field in the table. A tuple is defined as an ordered set of attribute values, meaning that each value in a tuple corresponds to a specific attribute or column in the table. The values can be of different data types, such as integers, strings, or dates, depending on the schema of the table.\n\nFor example, consider a `users` table with columns `id`, `name`, and `email`. A sample tuple in this table could be `(1, 'John Smith', 'john.smith@example.com')`, where each value corresponds to its respective column. PostgreSQL provides a variety of operations that can be performed on tuples, which can be classified into three main categories:\n\n*   **Projection**: This operation involves selecting one or more attributes from a tuple and creating a new tuple with only the selected attributes. For example, projecting the `name` and `email` attributes from the previously mentioned tuple would result in `('John Smith', 'john.smith@example.com')`.\n    \n*   **Selection**: Selection involves filtering tuples based on a specific condition. For example, you may want to select all tuples from the `users` table where the `email` attribute ends with \"@example.com\".\n    \n*   **Join**: The join operation combines tuples from two or more tables based on a common attribute or condition. For example, if we have another table called `orders` with a `user_id` column, we could use a join operation to retrieve all records from both tables where the `users.id` attribute matches the `orders.user_id`.\n    \n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Whats the difference between and tuple and a row?",
+        "url": "https://stackoverflow.com/questions/19799282/whats-the-difference-between-a-tuple-and-a-row-in-postgres",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How PostgreSQL freezes tuples",
+        "url": "https://medium.com/@hnasr/how-postgres-freezes-tuples-4a9931261fc",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "2hM2IPAnNYq-LlEbcFp2Z": {
+    "title": "Relations",
+    "description": "In the relational model, a relation is essentially a table composed of rows and columns, where each row represents a unique record (or tuple) and each column represents an attribute of the data. The structure of a relation is defined by its schema, which specifies the relation's name and the names and data types of its attributes. Relations are governed by integrity constraints, such as domain constraints, key constraints, and referential integrity constraints, to ensure data accuracy and consistency. Operations like selection, projection, join, and others can be performed on relations to retrieve and manipulate data efficiently.",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Relationships",
+        "url": "https://hasura.io/learn/database/postgresql/core-concepts/6-postgresql-relationships/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "domain_contraints",
+        "url": "https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/infoschema-domain-constraints.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "j9ikSpCD3yM5pTRFuJjZs": {
+    "title": "Constraints",
+    "description": "Constraints are an essential part of the relational model, as they define rules that the data within the database must follow. They ensure that the data is consistent, accurate, and reliable.\n\n**Primary Key** - A primary key constraint is a column or a set of columns that uniquely identifies each row in a table. There can only be one primary key per table, and its value must be unique and non-null for each row.\n\n**Foreign Key** - A foreign key constraint ensures that a column or columns in a table refer to an existing row in another table. It helps maintain referential integrity between tables.\n\n**Unique** - A unique constraint ensures that the values in a column or set of columns are unique across all rows in a table. In other words, it prevents duplicate entries in the specified column(s).\n\n**Check** - A check constraint verifies that the values entered into a column meet a specific condition. It helps to maintain data integrity by restricting the values that can be inserted into a column.\n\n**Not Null** - A NOT NULL constraint enforces that a column cannot contain a NULL value. This ensures that a value must be provided for the specified column when inserting or updating data in the table.\n\n**Exclusion** - An exclusion constraint is a more advanced form of constraint that allows you to specify conditions that should not exist when comparing multiple rows in a table. It helps maintain data integrity by preventing conflicts in data.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Contraints",
+        "url": "https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/ddl-constraints.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "PostgreSQL - Contraints",
+        "url": "https://www.tutorialspoint.com/postgresql/postgresql_constraints.htm",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "91eOGK8mtJulWRlhKyv0F": {
+    "title": "NULL",
+    "description": "In the relational model used by PostgreSQL, null values represent missing or unknown information within a database. Unlike zero, empty strings, or other default values, null signifies the absence of a value and is treated uniquely in operations and queries. For example, any arithmetic operation involving a null results in a null, and comparisons with null using standard operators return unknown rather than true or false. To handle null values, PostgreSQL provides specific functions and constructs such as `IS NULL`, `IS NOT NULL`, and the `COALESCE` function, which returns the first non-null value in its arguments. Understanding and correctly handling null values is crucial for accurate data retrieval and integrity in relational databases.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "_BSR2mo1lyXEFXbKYb1ZG": {
+    "title": "High Level Database Concepts",
+    "description": "High-level database concepts encompass fundamental principles that underpin the design, implementation, and management of database systems. These concepts form the foundation of effective database management, enabling the design of robust, efficient, and scalable systems.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "9u7DPbfybqmldisiePq0m": {
+    "title": "ACID",
+    "description": "ACID are the four properties of relational database systems that help in making sure that we are able to perform the transactions in a reliable manner. It's an acronym which refers to the presence of four properties: atomicity, consistency, isolation and durability\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is ACID Compliant Database?",
+        "url": "https://retool.com/blog/whats-an-acid-compliant-database/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is ACID Compliance?: Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation",
+        "url": "https://fauna.com/blog/what-is-acid-compliance-atomicity-consistency-isolation",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "ACID Explained: Atomic, Consistent, Isolated & Durable",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yaQ5YMWkxq4",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "-_ADJsTVGAgXq7_-8bdIO": {
+    "title": "MVCC",
+    "description": "Multi-Version Concurrency Control (MVCC) is a technique used by PostgreSQL to allow multiple transactions to access the same data concurrently without conflicts or delays. It ensures that each transaction has a consistent snapshot of the database and can operate on its own version of the data.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "",
+        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiversion_concurrency_control",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is MVVC?",
+        "url": "https://www.theserverside.com/blog/Coffee-Talk-Java-News-Stories-and-Opinions/What-is-MVCC-How-does-Multiversion-Concurrencty-Control-work",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "yFG_hVD3dB_qK8yphrRY5": {
+    "title": "Transactions",
+    "description": "Transactions are a fundamental concept in database management systems, allowing multiple statements to be executed within a single transaction context. In PostgreSQL, transactions provide ACID (Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, and Durability) properties, which ensure that your data remains in a consistent state even during concurrent access or system crashes. By leveraging transaction control, savepoints, concurrency control, and locking, you can build robust and reliable applications that work seamlessly with PostgreSQL.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Transactions",
+        "url": "https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/tutorial-transactions.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How to implement transactions",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DvJq4L41ru0",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "9sadNsbHLqejbRPHWhx-w": {
+    "title": "Write-ahead Log",
+    "description": "The Write Ahead Log, also known as the WAL, is a crucial part of PostgreSQL's data consistency strategy. The WAL records all changes made to the database in a sequential log before they are written to the actual data files. In case of a crash, PostgreSQL can use the WAL to bring the database back to a consistent state without losing any crucial data. This provides durability and crash recovery capabilities for your database.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Write Ahead Logging",
+        "url": "https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/wal-intro.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Working With Postgres WAL Made Easy 101",
+        "url": "https://hevodata.com/learn/working-with-postgres-wal/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Write Ahead Logging",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yV_Zp0Mi3xs",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "Qk14b9WyeCp9RV9WAwojt": {
+    "title": "Query Processing",
+    "description": "In this section, we will discuss the concept of query processing in PostgreSQL. Query processing is an important aspect of a database system, as it is responsible for managing data retrieval and modification using Structured Query Language (SQL) queries. Efficient query processing is crucial for ensuring optimal database performance.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Understand PostgreSQL query processing - Microsoft",
+        "url": "https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/training/modules/understand-postgresql-query-process/",
+        "type": "course"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Query Processing in PostgreSQL",
+        "url": "https://medium.com/agedb/query-processing-in-postgresql-1309fa93f69f",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "5MjJIAcn5zABCK6JsFf4k": {
+    "title": "Using Docker",
+    "description": "Docker is an excellent tool for simplifying the installation and management of applications, including PostgreSQL. By using Docker, you can effectively isolate PostgreSQL from your system and avoid potential conflicts with other installations or configurations.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "How to Use the Postgres Docker Official Image",
+        "url": "https://www.docker.com/blog/how-to-use-the-postgres-docker-official-image/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How to Set Up a PostgreSQL Database with Docker",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RdPYA-wDhTA",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "pEtQy1nuW98YUwrbfs7Np": {
+    "title": "Package Managers",
+    "description": "Package managers are essential tools that help you install, update, and manage software packages on your system. They keep track of dependencies, handle configuration files and ensure that the installation process is seamless for the end-user.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Install PostgreSQL with APT",
+        "url": "https://www.postgresql.org/download/linux/ubuntu/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Install PostgreSQL with YUM & DNF",
+        "url": "https://www.postgresql.org/download/linux/redhat/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Install PostgreSQL with Homebrew",
+        "url": "https://wiki.postgresql.org/wiki/Homebrew",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "mMf2Mq9atIKk37IMWuoJs": {
+    "title": "Connect using `psql`",
+    "description": "`psql` is an interactive command-line utility that enables you to interact with a PostgreSQL database server. Using `psql`, you can perform various SQL operations on your database.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "psql",
+        "url": "https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/app-psql.html#:~:text=psql%20is%20a%20terminal%2Dbased,and%20see%20the%20query%20results.",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "psql guide",
+        "url": "https://www.postgresguide.com/utilities/psql/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "6SCcxpkpLmmRe0rS8WAPZ": {
+    "title": "Deployment in Cloud",
+    "description": "In this section, we will discuss deploying PostgreSQL in the cloud. Deploying your PostgreSQL database in the cloud offers significant advantages such as scalability, flexibility, high availability, and cost reduction. There are several cloud providers that offer PostgreSQL as a service, which means you can quickly set up and manage your databases without having to worry about underlying infrastructure, backups, and security measures.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Postgres On Kubernetes",
+        "url": "https://cloudnative-pg.io/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Cloud",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/cloud?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "P1Hm6ZlrhCRxbxOJkBHlL": {
+    "title": "Using `systemd`",
+    "description": "Using systemd to manage PostgreSQL involves utilizing the system and service manager to control the PostgreSQL service. This allows you to start, stop, and manage PostgreSQL automatically with the boot process.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is systemd?",
+        "url": "https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/what-is-systemd",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Systemd postgresql start script",
+        "url": "https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/220362/systemd-postgresql-start-script",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "systemd on Linux",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N1vgvhiyq0E",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "a4j0Rs8Tl6-k9WP5zjaep": {
+    "title": "Using `pg_ctl`",
+    "description": "`pg_ctl` is a command-line utility that enables you to manage a PostgreSQL database server. With `pg_ctl`, you can start, stop, and restart the PostgreSQL service, among other tasks.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "pg_ctl",
+        "url": "https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/app-pg-ctl.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "pg_ctl Tips and Tricks",
+        "url": "https://pgdash.io/blog/pgctl-tips-tricks.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "v3SoKmeCh6uxKW5GAAMje": {
+    "title": "Using `pg_ctlcluster`",
+    "description": "`pg_ctlcluster` is a command-line utility provided by PostgreSQL to manage database clusters. It is especially helpful for users who have multiple PostgreSQL clusters running on the same system.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "PostgreSQL documentation",
+        "url": "https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/pgctlcluster.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "FtPiBWMFhjakyXsmSL_CI": {
+    "title": "Installation and Setup",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "ANUgfkADLI_du7iRvnUdi": {
+    "title": "Learn SQL",
+    "description": "SQL stands for Structured Query Language. It is a standardized programming language designed to manage and interact with relational database management systems (RDBMS). SQL allows you to create, read, edit, and delete data stored in database tables by writing specific queries.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "KMdF9efNGULualk5o1W0_": {
+    "title": "For Schemas",
+    "description": "A schema is a logical collection of database objects within a PostgreSQL database. It behaves like a namespace that allows you to group and isolate your database objects separately from other schemas. The primary goal of a schema is to organize your database structure, making it easier to manage and maintain.\n\nBy default, every PostgreSQL database has a `public` schema, which is the default search path for any unqualified table or other database object.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "PostgreSQL Schema",
+        "url": "https://hasura.io/learn/database/postgresql/core-concepts/1-postgresql-schema/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Schemas",
+        "url": "https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/ddl-schemas.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "ga8ZiuPc42XvZ3-iVh8T1": {
+    "title": "ForTables",
+    "description": "The primary DDL statements for creating and managing tables in PostgreSQL include `CREATE TABLE`, `ALTER TABLE`, and `DROP TABLE`, these DDL commands allow you to create, modify, and delete tables and their structures, providing a robust framework for database schema management in PostgreSQL.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "CREATE TABLE",
+        "url": "https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/sql-createtable.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "DROP TABLE",
+        "url": "https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/sql-droptable.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "ALTER TABLE",
+        "url": "https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/sql-altertable.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "fvEgtFP7xvkq_D4hYw3gz": {
+    "title": "Data Types",
+    "description": "PostgreSQL offers a comprehensive set of data types to cater to diverse data needs, including numeric types like `INTEGER`, `FLOAT`, and `SERIAL` for auto-incrementing fields; character types such as `VARCHAR` and `TEXT` for variable-length text; and temporal types like `DATE`, `TIME`, and `TIMESTAMP` for handling date and time data. Additionally, PostgreSQL supports `BOOLEAN` for true/false values, `ENUM` for enumerated lists, and composite types for complex structures. It also excels with `JSON` and `JSONB` for storing and querying semi-structured data, arrays for storing multiple values in a single field, and geometric types for spatial data. These data types ensure flexibility and robust data management for various applications.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "",
+        "url": "https://www.instaclustr.com/blog/postgresql-data-types-mappings-to-sql-jdbc-and-java-data-types/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Data Types",
+        "url": "https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/datatype.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "BEJyz0ohCglDucxfyuAy4": {
+    "title": "Querying Data",
+    "description": "Querying data with Data Manipulation Language (DML) in PostgreSQL involves using SQL statements to retrieve and manipulate data within the database. The primary DML statements for querying and modifying data are `SELECT`, `INSERT`, `UPDATE`, and `DELETE`.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "SELECT",
+        "url": "https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/sql-select.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "INSERT",
+        "url": "https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/sql-insert.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "UPDATE",
+        "url": "https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/sql-update.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "DELETE",
+        "url": "https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/sql-delete.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "dd2lTNsNzYdfB7rRFMNmC": {
+    "title": "Filtering Data",
+    "description": "Filtering data is an essential feature in any database management system, and PostgreSQL is no exception. When we refer to filtering data, we're talking about selecting a particular subset of data that fulfills specific criteria or conditions. In PostgreSQL, we use the **WHERE** clause to filter data in a query based on specific conditions.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "How to filter query results in PostgreSQL",
+        "url": "https://www.prisma.io/dataguide/postgresql/reading-and-querying-data/filtering-data",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Using PostgreSQL FILTER",
+        "url": "https://www.crunchydata.com/blog/using-postgres-filter",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "PostgreSQL - WHERE",
+        "url": "https://www.w3schools.com/postgresql/postgresql_where.php",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "G2NKhjlZqAY9l32H0LPNQ": {
+    "title": "Modifying Data",
+    "description": "Modifying data in PostgreSQL is an essential skill when working with databases. The primary DML queries used to modify data are `INSERT`, `UPDATE`, and `DELETE`.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "INSERT",
+        "url": "https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/sql-insert.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "UPDATE",
+        "url": "https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/sql-update.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "DELETE",
+        "url": "https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/sql-delete.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "Hura0LImG9pyPxaEIDo3X": {
+    "title": "Joining Tables",
+    "description": "Joining tables is a fundamental operation in the world of databases. It allows you to combine information from multiple tables based on common columns. PostgreSQL provides various types of joins, such as Inner Join, Left Join, Right Join, and Full Outer Join.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Joins between tables",
+        "url": "https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/tutorial-join.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "PostgreSQL - Joins",
+        "url": "https://www.w3schools.com/postgresql/postgresql_joins.php",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "umNNMpJh4Al1dEpT6YkrA": {
+    "title": "Import / Export Using `COPY`",
+    "description": "In PostgreSQL, one of the fastest and most efficient ways to import and export data is by using the `COPY` command. The `COPY` command allows you to import data from a file, or to export data to a file from a table or a query result.\n\nIf you can't use the `COPY` command due to lack of privileges, consider using the `\\copy` command in the `psql` client instead, which works similarly, but runs as the current user rather than the PostgreSQL server.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "COPY",
+        "url": "https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/sql-copy.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Copying data between tables in PostgreSQL",
+        "url": "https://www.atlassian.com/data/sql/copying-data-between-tables",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "ghgyAXJ72dZmF2JpDvu9U": {
+    "title": "Transactions",
+    "description": "Transactions are a fundamental concept in database management systems, allowing multiple statements to be executed within a single transaction context. In PostgreSQL, transactions provide ACID (Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, and Durability) properties, which ensure that your data remains in a consistent state even during concurrent access or system crashes. By leveraging transaction control, savepoints, concurrency control, and locking, you can build robust and reliable applications that work seamlessly with PostgreSQL.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Transactions",
+        "url": "https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/tutorial-transactions.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How to implement transactions",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DvJq4L41ru0",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "_Y-omKcWZOxto-xJka7su": {
+    "title": "Subqueries",
+    "description": "A subquery is a query nested inside another query, often referred to as the outer query. Subqueries are invaluable tools for retrieving information from multiple tables, performing complex calculations, or applying filter criteria based on the results of other queries. They can be found in various parts of SQL statements, such as `SELECT`, `FROM`, `WHERE`, and `HAVING` clauses.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "PostgreSQL Subquery",
+        "url": "https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/functions-subquery.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "PostgreSQL Subquery",
+        "url": "https://www.postgresqltutorial.com/postgresql-tutorial/postgresql-subquery/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "PostgreSQL Subqueries",
+        "url": "https://www.w3resource.com/PostgreSQL/postgresql-subqueries.php",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "uwd_CaeHQQ3ZWojbmtbPh": {
+    "title": "Grouping",
+    "description": "Grouping is a powerful technique in SQL that allows you to organize and aggregate data based on common values in one or more columns. The `GROUP BY` clause is used to create groups, and the `HAVING` clause is used to filter the group based on certain conditions.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "PostgreSQL GROUP BY",
+        "url": "https://www.postgresqltutorial.com/postgresql-tutorial/postgresql-group-by/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "PostgreSQL - GROUP BY",
+        "url": "https://www.tutorialspoint.com/postgresql/postgresql_group_by.htm",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "PostgreSQL - HAVING",
+        "url": "https://www.postgresqltutorial.com/postgresql-tutorial/postgresql-having/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "fsZvmH210bC_3dBD_X8-z": {
+    "title": "CTE",
+    "description": "A Common Table Expression, also known as CTE, is a named temporary result set that can be referenced within a `SELECT`, `INSERT`, `UPDATE`, or `DELETE` statement. CTEs are particularly helpful when dealing with complex queries, as they enable you to break down the query into smaller, more readable chunks. Recursive CTEs are helpful when working with hierarchical or tree-structured data.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Common Table Expressions",
+        "url": "https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/queries-with.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "PostgreSQL CTEs",
+        "url": "https://www.postgresqltutorial.com/postgresql-tutorial/postgresql-cte/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "fTsoMSLcXU1mgd5-vekbT": {
+    "title": "Lateral Join",
+    "description": "Lateral join allows you to reference columns from preceding tables in a query, making it possible to perform complex operations that involve correlated subqueries and the application of functions on tables in a cleaner and more effective way. The `LATERAL` keyword in PostgreSQL is used in conjunction with a subquery in the `FROM` clause of a query. It helps you to write more concise and powerful queries, as it allows the subquery to reference columns from preceding tables in the query.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "LATERAL Subqueries",
+        "url": "https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/queries-table-expressions.html#QUERIES-LATERAL",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How to use lateral join in PostgreSQL",
+        "url": "https://popsql.com/learn-sql/postgresql/how-to-use-lateral-joins-in-postgresql",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "kOwhnSZBwIhIbIsoAXQ50": {
+    "title": "Set Operations",
+    "description": "Set operations are useful when you need to perform actions on whole sets of data, such as merging or comparing them. Set operations include UNION, INTERSECT, and EXCEPT, and they can be vital tools in querying complex datasets.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Combining Queries",
+        "url": "https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/queries-union.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "PostgreSQL UNION Operator",
+        "url": "https://www.postgresqltutorial.com/postgresql-tutorial/postgresql-union/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "PostgreSQL INTERSECT Operator",
+        "url": "https://www.postgresqltutorial.com/postgresql-tutorial/postgresql-intersect/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "T819BZ-CZgUX_BY7Gna0J": {
+    "title": "Configuring",
+    "description": "Configuring PostgreSQL involves modifying several key configuration files to optimize performance, security, and functionality. The primary configuration files are postgresql.conf, pg\\_hba.conf, and pg\\_ident.conf, typically located in the PostgreSQL data directory. By properly configuring these files, you can tailor PostgreSQL to better fit your specific needs and environment.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "yl3gxfQs4nOE0N7uGqR0d": {
+    "title": "Resource Usage",
+    "description": "Configuring PostgreSQL for optimal resource usage involves adjusting settings in the `postgresql.conf` file to balance memory, CPU, and disk usage.\n\nKey parameters include `shared_buffers`, typically set to 25-40% of total RAM, to optimize caching; `work_mem`, which should be adjusted based on the complexity and number of concurrent queries, often starting at 1-2MB per connection; `maintenance_work_mem`, set higher (e.g., 64MB) to speed up maintenance tasks; `effective_cache_size`, usually set to about 50-75% of total RAM to inform the planner about available cache; and `max_connections`, which should be carefully set based on available resources to avoid overcommitting memory. Additionally, `autovacuum` settings should be fine-tuned to ensure regular cleanup without overloading the system. Adjusting these parameters helps PostgreSQL efficiently utilize available hardware, improving performance and stability.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Resource Consumption Documentation",
+        "url": "https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/runtime-config-resource.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-RESOURCE-MEMORY",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "effective_cache_size",
+        "url": "https://docs.aws.amazon.com/prescriptive-guidance/latest/tuning-postgresql-parameters/effective-cache-size.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "9VmQ-vN3nPyf1pTFIcj40": {
+    "title": "Write-ahead Log",
+    "description": "The Write Ahead Log, also known as the WAL, is a crucial part of PostgreSQL's data consistency strategy. The WAL records all changes made to the database in a sequential log before they are written to the actual data files. In case of a crash, PostgreSQL can use the WAL to bring the database back to a consistent state without losing any crucial data. This provides durability and crash recovery capabilities for your database.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Write Ahead Logging",
+        "url": "https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/wal-intro.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Working With Postgres WAL Made Easy 101",
+        "url": "https://hevodata.com/learn/working-with-postgres-wal/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Write Ahead Logging",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yV_Zp0Mi3xs",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "zoaqBP0Jbf0HpTH8Q3LkJ": {
+    "title": "Vacuums",
+    "description": "Vacuuming is an essential component in PostgreSQL maintenance tasks. By reclaiming storage, optimizing performance, and keeping the database lean, vacuuming helps maintain the health of your PostgreSQL system. During the normal operation of PostgreSQL, database tuples (rows) are updated, deleted and added. This can lead to fragmentation, wasted space, and decreased efficiency. Vacuuming is used to:\n\n*   Reclaim storage space used by dead rows.\n*   Update statistics for the query planner.\n*   Make unused space available for return to the operating system.\n*   Maintain the visibility map in indexed relations.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "VACUUM",
+        "url": "https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/sql-vacuum.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Routine Vacuuming",
+        "url": "https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/routine-vacuuming.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "PostgreSQL Vacuuming Command to Optimize Database Performance",
+        "url": "https://www.percona.com/blog/postgresql-vacuuming-to-optimize-database-performance-and-reclaim-space/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "A3YTrZSUxNBq77iIrNdZ4": {
+    "title": "Replication",
+    "description": "Replication, in simple terms, is the process of copying data from one database server to another. It helps in maintaining a level of redundancy and improving the performance of databases. Replication ensures that your database remains highly available, fault-tolerant, and scalable.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Replication",
+        "url": "https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/runtime-config-replication.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "PostgreSQL Replication",
+        "url": "https://kinsta.com/blog/postgresql-replication/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "hOPwVdIzesselbsI_rRxt": {
+    "title": "Query Planner",
+    "description": "The PostgreSQL query planner is an essential component of the system that's responsible for optimizing the execution of SQL queries. It finds the most efficient way to join tables, establish subquery relationships, and determine the order of operations based on available data, query structure, and the current PostgreSQL configuration settings.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Planner/Optimizer",
+        "url": "https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/planner-optimizer.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Query Planning@",
+        "url": "https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/runtime-config-query.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "3pLn1mhRnekG537ejHUYA": {
+    "title": "Checkpoints / Background Writer",
+    "description": "In PostgreSQL, checkpoints and the background writer are essential for maintaining data integrity and optimizing performance. Checkpoints periodically write all modified data (dirty pages) from the shared buffers to the disk, ensuring that the database can recover to a consistent state after a crash. This process is controlled by settings such as `checkpoint_timeout`, `checkpoint_completion_target`, and `max_wal_size`, balancing between write performance and recovery time. The background writer continuously flushes dirty pages to disk in the background, smoothing out the I/O workload and reducing the amount of work needed during checkpoints. This helps to maintain steady performance and avoid spikes in disk activity. Proper configuration of these mechanisms is crucial for ensuring efficient disk I/O management and overall database stability.\n\nCheckpoints periodically write all modified data (dirty pages) from the shared buffer cache to the disk, ensuring that the database can recover to a consistent state after a crash. The frequency of checkpoints is controlled by parameters like `checkpoint_timeout`, `checkpoint_completion_target`, and `checkpoint_segments`, balancing the trade-off between I/O load and recovery time.\n\nThe background writer, on the other hand, continuously flushes dirty pages to disk, smoothing out the I/O workload and reducing the amount of work needed during a checkpoint. Parameters such as `bgwriter_delay`, `bgwriter_lru_maxpages`, and `bgwriter_lru_multiplier` control its behavior, optimizing the balance between database performance and the frequency of disk writes. Proper configuration of both components ensures efficient disk I/O management, minimizes performance bottlenecks, and enhances overall system stability.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Checkpoints",
+        "url": "https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/sql-checkpoint.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is a checkpoint?",
+        "url": "https://www.cybertec-postgresql.com/en/postgresql-what-is-a-checkpoint/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What are the difference between background writer and checkpoint in postgresql?",
+        "url": "https://stackoverflow.com/questions/71534378/what-are-the-difference-between-background-writer-and-checkpoint-in-postgresql",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "507TY35b8iExakbBMrHgZ": {
+    "title": "Reporting Logging & Statistics",
+    "description": "When working with PostgreSQL, it is often useful to analyze the performance of your queries and system as a whole. This can help you optimize your database and spot potential bottlenecks. One way to achieve this is by reporting logging statistics. PostgreSQL provides configuration settings for generating essential logging statistics on query and system performance.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Error reporting and logging",
+        "url": "https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/runtime-config-logging.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "PostgreSQL Logging: Everything You Need to Know",
+        "url": "https://betterstack.com/community/guides/logging/how-to-start-logging-with-postgresql/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "VAf9VzPx70hUf4H6i3Z2t": {
+    "title": "Adding Extra Extensions",
+    "description": "PostgreSQL provides various extensions to enhance its features and functionalities. Extensions are optional packages that can be loaded into your PostgreSQL database to provide additional functionality like new data types or functions. Using extensions can be a powerful way to add new features to your PostgreSQL database and customize your database's functionality according to your needs.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "PostgreSQL extensions",
+        "url": "https://www.postgresql.org/download/products/6-postgresql-extensions/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Create Extension",
+        "url": "https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/sql-createextension.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "2Zg8R5gs9LMQOcOMZtoPk": {
+    "title": "Security",
+    "description": "Securing PostgreSQL involves multiple layers of considerations to protect data and ensure only authorized access.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "S20aJB-VuSpXYyd0-0S8c": {
+    "title": "Object Priviliges",
+    "description": "Object privileges in PostgreSQL are the permissions given to different user roles to access or modify database objects like tables, views, sequences, and functions. Ensuring proper object privileges is crucial for maintaining a secure and well-functioning database.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "PostgreSQL roles and privileges explained",
+        "url": "https://www.aviator.co/blog/postgresql-roles-and-privileges-explained/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What are object privileges?",
+        "url": "https://www.prisma.io/dataguide/postgresql/authentication-and-authorization/managing-privileges#what-are-postgresql-object-privileges",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "o1WSsw-ZIaAb8JF3P0mfR": {
+    "title": "Grant / Revoke",
+    "description": "One of the most important aspects of database management is providing appropriate access permissions to users. In PostgreSQL, this can be achieved with the `GRANT` and `REVOKE` commands, which allow you to manage the privileges of database objects such as tables, sequences, functions, and schemas.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "GRANT",
+        "url": "https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/sql-grant.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "REVOKE",
+        "url": "https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/sql-revoke.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "PostgreSQL GRANT statement",
+        "url": "https://www.postgresqltutorial.com/postgresql-administration/postgresql-grant/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "PostgreSQL REVOKE statement",
+        "url": "https://www.postgresqltutorial.com/postgresql-administration/postgresql-revoke/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "t18XjeHP4uRyERdqhHpl5": {
+    "title": "Default Priviliges",
+    "description": "PostgreSQL allows you to define object privileges for various types of database objects. These privileges determine if a user can access and manipulate objects like tables, views, sequences, or functions. In this section, we will focus on understanding default privileges in PostgreSQL.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES",
+        "url": "https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/sql-alterdefaultprivileges.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Privileges",
+        "url": "https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/ddl-priv.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "09QX_zjCUajxUqcNZKy0x": {
+    "title": "Advanced Topics",
+    "description": "In addition to basic PostgreSQL security concepts, such as user authentication, privilege management, and encryption, there are several advanced topics that you should be aware of to enhance the security of your PostgreSQL databases.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "bokFf6VNrLcilI9Hid386": {
+    "title": "Row-Level Security",
+    "description": "Row Level Security (RLS) is a feature introduced in PostgreSQL 9.5 that allows you to control access to rows in a table based on a user or role's permissions. This level of granularity in data access provides an extra layer of security for protecting sensitive information from unauthorized access.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Row Security Policies",
+        "url": "https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/ddl-rowsecurity.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How to Setup Row Level Security (RLS) in PostgreSQL",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j53NoW9cPtY",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "GvpIJF-eaGELwcpWq5_3r": {
+    "title": "SELinux",
+    "description": "SELinux, or Security-Enhanced Linux, is a Linux kernel security module that brings heightened access control and security policies to your system. It is specifically designed to protect your system from unauthorized access and data leaks by enforcing a strict security policy, preventing processes from accessing resources they shouldn't, which is a significant tool for database administrators to help secure PostgreSQL instances.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is SELinux?",
+        "url": "https://www.redhat.com/en/topics/linux/what-is-selinux",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Introduction to SELinux",
+        "url": "https://github.blog/developer-skills/programming-languages-and-frameworks/introduction-to-selinux/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "gb75xOcAr-q8TcA6_l1GZ": {
+    "title": "Authentication Models",
+    "description": "PostgreSQL supports various authentication models to control access, including trust (no password, for secure environments), password-based (md5 and scram-sha-256 for hashed passwords), GSSAPI and SSPI (Kerberos for secure single sign-on), LDAP (centralized user management), certificate-based (SSL certificates for strong authentication), PAM (leveraging OS-managed authentication), Ident (verifying OS user names), and RADIUS (centralized authentication via RADIUS servers). These methods are configured in the `pg_hba.conf` file, specifying the appropriate authentication method for different combinations of databases, users, and client addresses, ensuring flexible and secure access control.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Authentication methods",
+        "url": "https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/auth-methods.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "An introduction to authorization and authentication in PostgreSQL",
+        "url": "https://www.prisma.io/dataguide/postgresql/authentication-and-authorization/intro-to-authn-and-authz",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "l0lpaPy12JFCJ-RRYVSqz": {
+    "title": "Roles",
+    "description": "In PostgreSQL, roles are entities that manage database access permissions, combining user and group functionalities. Roles can own database objects and have privileges, such as the ability to create databases or tables. A role can be configured with login capabilities (login role), or it can be used purely for privilege management (group role). Roles can inherit permissions from other roles, simplifying the management of complex permission hierarchies. Key role attributes include `SUPERUSER` (full access), `CREATEDB` (ability to create databases), `CREATEROLE` (ability to create and manage other roles), and `REPLICATION` (replication-related privileges). Roles are created and managed using SQL commands such as `CREATE ROLE`, `ALTER ROLE`, and `DROP ROLE`.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Database Roles",
+        "url": "https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/user-manag.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Predefined Roles",
+        "url": "https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/predefined-roles.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "For Your Eyes Only: Roles, Privileges, and Security in PostgreSQL",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mtPM3iZFE04",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "Y2W29M4piaQsTn2cpyR7Q": {
+    "title": "pg_hba.conf",
+    "description": "When securing your PostgreSQL database, one of the most important components to configure is the `pg_hba.conf` (short for PostgreSQL Host-Based Authentication Configuration) file. This file is a part of PostgreSQL's Host-Based Authentication (HBA) system and is responsible for controlling how clients authenticate and connect to your database.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "The pg_hba.conf file",
+        "url": "https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/auth-pg-hba-conf.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "EKwO6edtFnUw8cPCcVwKJ": {
+    "title": "SSL Settings",
+    "description": "Securing the communication channels is a crucial aspect of protecting your PostgreSQL database from different types of attacks. One way to achieve this security is by using SSL (Secure Socket Layer) connections. By enabling and configuring SSL, you add an extra layer of security to your PostgreSQL database, ensuring the data transferred between the client and server is encrypted and protected.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "SSL Support",
+        "url": "https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/libpq-ssl.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How to Configure SSL on PostgreSQL",
+        "url": "https://www.cherryservers.com/blog/how-to-configure-ssl-on-postgresql",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How to use SSL in PostgreSQL The Right Way",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y1lsbF9NWW0",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "zlqSX0tl7HD9C1yEGkvoM": {
+    "title": "Infrastructure Skills",
+    "description": "PostgreSQL is an advanced, enterprise-class open-source relational database system that offers excellent performance and reliability. As a database administrator (DBA) or a developer working with PostgreSQL, it is essential to have a strong understanding of the various infrastructure skills required to manage and maintain a PostgreSQL environment effectively.\n\nHaving a solid grasp of these PostgreSQL infrastructure skills will significantly benefit you in your professional endeavors and empower you to manage PostgreSQL environments effectively, be it as a developer or a DBA.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "cJYlZJ9f3kdptNrTlpMNU": {
+    "title": "Using `pg_upgrade`",
+    "description": "`pg_upgrade` is a PostgreSQL utility that facilitates the in-place upgrade of a PostgreSQL database cluster to a new major version. It allows users to upgrade their database without needing to dump and restore the database, significantly reducing downtime. Here are the key steps involved in using `pg_upgrade`:\n\n1.  **Preparation**: Before starting the upgrade, ensure both the old and new versions of PostgreSQL are installed. Backup the existing database cluster and ensure no connections are active.\n    \n2.  **Initialize the New Cluster**: Initialize a new PostgreSQL cluster with the target version using `initdb`.\n    \n3.  **Run `pg_upgrade`**: Execute the `pg_upgrade` command, specifying the data directories of the old and new clusters, and the paths to the old and new `pg_ctl` binaries.\n    \n4.  **Analyze and Optimize**: After the upgrade, run the `analyze_new_cluster.sh` script generated by `pg_upgrade` to update optimizer statistics. This step is crucial for performance.\n    \n5.  **Finalize**: If everything works correctly, you can start the new cluster and remove the old cluster to free up space.\n    \n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "pg_upgrade",
+        "url": "https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/pgupgrade.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Examining Postgres Upgrades with pg_upgrade",
+        "url": "https://www.crunchydata.com/blog/examining-postgres-upgrades-with-pg_upgrade",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Upgrade PostgreSQL with pg_upgrade",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DXHEk4fohcI",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "MVVWAf9Hk3Fom-wBhO64R": {
+    "title": "Using Logical Replication",
+    "description": "Logical replication is an asynchronous feature that allows data modification to be transferred from a source (publisher) to a target system (subscriber) across different PostgreSQL database versions. It provides more granular control over the data copied and is useful during an upgrade.\n\n**Advantages of Logical Replication**\n\n*   It allows you to replicate only specific tables, rather than the entire database.\n*   You can create replicas with different database schemas by using a transformation layer between publisher and subscriber.\n*   It allows you to perform a live upgrade, avoiding the downtime of your database.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Logical Replication",
+        "url": "https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/logical-replication.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "PostgreSQL Logical Replication Guide",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OvSzLjkMmQo",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "rNp3ZC6axkcKtAWYCPvdR": {
+    "title": "Simple Stateful Setup",
+    "description": "Here are the key components and steps involved in setting up a simple stateful `PostgreSQL` deployment on `Kubernetes`:\n\n*   **Create a Storage Class**: Define a `StorageClass` resource in `Kubernetes`, specifying the type of storage to be used and the access mode (read-write, read-only, etc.).\n    \n*   **Create a Persistent Volume Claim**: Define a `PersistentVolumeClaim` (PVC) to request a specific amount of storage from the storage class for your `PostgreSQL` database.\n    \n*   **Create a ConfigMap**: Define a `ConfigMap` to store your database configuration settings (e.g., usernames, passwords, etc.), separate from your application code.\n    \n*   **Create a Secret**: Store sensitive data (e.g., database passwords) securely in a `Secret` object. The `Secret` will be mounted as a volume in the pod and the environment variables will be set.\n    \n*   **Create a StatefulSet**: Define a `StatefulSet` that manages the deployment of your `PostgreSQL` pods. Specify the container image, port, volumes (PVC and ConfigMap), and a startup script. It ensures the unique identifier for each pod and guarantees the order of pod creation/deletion.\n    \n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "How to Deploy Postgres to Kubernetes Cluster",
+        "url": "https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-deploy-postgres-to-kubernetes-cluster",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Deploy PostgreSQL on K8's",
+        "url": "https://refine.dev/blog/postgres-on-kubernetes/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "QHbdwiMQ8otxnVIUVV2NT": {
+    "title": "Helm",
+    "description": "Helm is a popular package manager for Kubernetes that allows you to easily deploy, manage, and upgrade applications on your Kubernetes cluster. In the Kubernetes world, Helm plays a similar role as \"apt\" or \"yum\" in the Linux ecosystem.\n\nHelm streamlines the installation process by providing ready-to-use packages called \"charts\". A Helm chart is a collection of YAML files, templates, and manifests, that describe an application's required resources and configurations.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "helm/helm",
+        "url": "https://github.com/helm/helm",
+        "type": "opensource"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Helm Website",
+        "url": "https://helm.sh/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "nRJKfjW2UrmKmVUrGIfCC": {
+    "title": "Operators",
+    "description": "Operators in Kubernetes are software extensions that use custom resources to manage applications and their components. They encapsulate operational knowledge and automate complex tasks such as deployments, backups, and scaling. Using Custom Resource Definitions (CRDs) and custom controllers, Operators continuously monitor the state of the application and reconcile it with the desired state, ensuring the system is self-healing and resilient. Popular frameworks for building Operators include the Operator SDK, Kubebuilder, and Metacontroller, which simplify the process and enhance Kubernetes' capability to manage stateful and complex applications efficiently.",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Kubernetes Roadmap",
+        "url": "https://roadmap.sh/kubernetes",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Kubernetes Website",
+        "url": "https://kubernetes.io/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Kubernetes Operators",
+        "url": "https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/extend-kubernetes/operator/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "Z2PuOmgOqScGFbhvrvrA1": {
+    "title": "PostgreSQL Anonymizer",
+    "description": "PostgreSQL Anonymizer is an extension designed to mask or anonymize sensitive data within PostgreSQL databases. It provides various anonymization techniques, including randomization, generalization, and pseudonymization, to protect personal and sensitive information in compliance with data privacy regulations like GDPR. This extension can be configured to apply these techniques to specific columns or datasets, ensuring that the anonymized data remains useful for development, testing, or analysis without exposing actual sensitive information.",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "dalibo/postgresql_anonymizer",
+        "url": "https://github.com/dalibo/postgresql_anonymizer",
+        "type": "opensource"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "PostgreSQL Anonymizer Website",
+        "url": "https://postgresql-anonymizer.readthedocs.io/en/stable/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "V8_zJRwOX9664bUvAGgff": {
+    "title": "HAProxy",
+    "description": "HAProxy, short for High Availability Proxy, is a popular open-source software used to provide high availability, load balancing, and proxying features for TCP and HTTP-based applications. It is commonly used to improve the performance, security, and reliability of web applications, databases, and other services. When it comes to load balancing in PostgreSQL, HAProxy is a popular choice due to its flexibility and efficient performance. By distributing incoming database connections across multiple instances of your PostgreSQL cluster, HAProxy can help you achieve better performance, high availability, and fault tolerance.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "HAProxy Website",
+        "url": "https://www.haproxy.org/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "An Introduction to HAProxy and Load Balancing Concepts",
+        "url": "https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/an-introduction-to-haproxy-and-load-balancing-concepts",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "IkB28gO0LK1q1-KjdI9Oz": {
+    "title": "Consul",
+    "description": "Consul is a distributed, highly-available, and multi-datacenter aware service discovery and configuration tool developed by HashiCorp. It can be used to implement load balancing in a PostgreSQL cluster to distribute client connections and queries evenly across multiple backend nodes.\n\nConsul uses a consensus protocol for leader election and ensures that only one server acts as a leader at any given time. This leader automatically takes over upon leader failure or shutdown, making the system resilient to outages. It provides a range of services like service discovery, health checking, key-value storage, and DNS services.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "hashicorp/consul",
+        "url": "https://github.com/hashicorp/consul",
+        "type": "opensource"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Consul by Hashicorp",
+        "url": "https://www.consul.io/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is Consul?",
+        "url": "https://developer.hashicorp.com/consul/docs/intro",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "xk2G-HUS-dviNW3BAMmJv": {
+    "title": "KeepAlived",
+    "description": "Keepalived is a robust and widely-used open-source solution for load balancing and high availability. It helps to maintain a stable and perfect working environment even in the presence of failures such as server crashes or connectivity issues.\n\nKeepalived achieves this by utilizing the Linux Virtual Server (LVS) module and the Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol (VRRP).\n\nFor PostgreSQL database systems, Keepalived can be an advantageous addition to your infrastructure by offering fault tolerance and load balancing. With minimal configuration, it distributes read-only queries among multiple replicated PostgreSQL servers or divides transaction processing across various nodes – ensuring an efficient and resilient system.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "acassen/keepalived",
+        "url": "https://github.com/acassen/keepalived",
+        "type": "opensource"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Keepalived Website",
+        "url": "https://www.keepalived.org/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "kCw6oEVGdKokCz4wYizIT": {
+    "title": "Etcd",
+    "description": "Etcd is a distributed key-value store that provides an efficient and reliable means for storing crucial data across clustered environments. It has become popular as a fundamental component for storing configuration data and service discovery in distributed systems.\n\nEtcd can be utilized in conjunction with _connection poolers_ such as PgBouncer or HAProxy to improve PostgreSQL load balancing. By maintaining a list of active PostgreSQL servers' IP addresses and ports as keys in the store, connection poolers can fetch this information periodically to route client connections to the right servers. Additionally, transactional operations on the store can simplify the process of adding or removing nodes from the load balancer configuration while maintaining consistency.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "etcd vs PostgreSQL",
+        "url": "https://api7.ai/blog/etcd-vs-postgresql",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "PostgreSQL High Availability",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J0ErkLo2b1E",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "XmBeM01NAy-_nfyNdk9ZV": {
+    "title": "Prometheus",
+    "description": "Prometheus is an open-source systems monitoring and alerting toolkit designed for reliability and scalability. Originally developed at SoundCloud, it is now a part of the Cloud Native Computing Foundation. Prometheus collects metrics from configured targets at specified intervals, evaluates rule expressions, displays results, and can trigger alerts if certain conditions are met. It features a powerful query language called PromQL, a multi-dimensional data model based on time-series data identified by metric names and key/value pairs, and an efficient storage system. Prometheus is highly adaptable, supporting service discovery mechanisms and static configurations, making it a robust choice for monitoring dynamic cloud environments and microservices architectures.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Prometheus Website",
+        "url": "https://prometheus.io/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Prometheus Monitoring",
+        "url": "https://www.tigera.io/learn/guides/prometheus-monitoring/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "z3VD68R2uyu1s-3giRxKr": {
+    "title": "Zabbix",
+    "description": "Zabbix is an open-source monitoring software for networks, servers, virtual machines, and cloud services. It provides real-time monitoring, alerting, and visualization of metrics collected from various IT infrastructure components. Zabbix supports multiple data collection methods, including SNMP, IPMI, JMX, and custom scripts, making it versatile for different environments. It features a web-based interface for configuration and monitoring, allowing users to set thresholds, generate alerts, and create detailed performance reports and dashboards. Zabbix also supports distributed monitoring, auto-discovery, and scaling capabilities, making it suitable for both small and large-scale deployments. It is widely used for its robustness, flexibility, and comprehensive monitoring capabilities.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "zabbix/zabbix",
+        "url": "https://github.com/zabbix/zabbix",
+        "type": "opensource"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Zabbix Website",
+        "url": "https://www.zabbix.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Using Zabbix to monitor your home network",
+        "url": "https://jswheeler.medium.com/using-zabbix-to-monitor-your-home-network-71ed2b1181ae",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "WiOgUt5teG9UVRa6zo4h3": {
+    "title": "check_pgactivity",
+    "description": "`check_pgactivity` is a PostgreSQL monitoring tool that provides detailed health and performance statistics for PostgreSQL databases. Designed to be used with the Nagios monitoring framework, it checks various aspects of PostgreSQL activity, including connection status, replication status, lock activity, and query performance. By collecting and presenting key metrics, `check_pgactivity` helps database administrators detect and troubleshoot performance issues, ensuring the database operates efficiently and reliably. The tool supports custom thresholds and alerting, making it a flexible solution for proactive database monitoring.",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "OPMDG/check_pgactivity",
+        "url": "https://github.com/OPMDG/check_pgactivity",
+        "type": "opensource"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "aXG68inOu3trBWOmg9Yqx": {
+    "title": "temBoard",
+    "description": "temBoard is an open-source monitoring and management tool for PostgreSQL databases developed by Dalibo. It provides a web-based interface that helps database administrators (DBAs) manage and monitor multiple PostgreSQL instances efficiently. Key features of temBoard include:\n\n1.  Real-Time Monitoring: Offers real-time insights into database performance metrics such as CPU usage, memory usage, disk I/O, and query performance. This helps DBAs quickly identify and address potential issues.\n2.  Agent-Based Architecture: Uses a lightweight agent installed on each PostgreSQL instance to collect metrics and perform management tasks. This architecture ensures minimal performance impact on the monitored databases.\n3.  Alerting and Notifications: Configurable alerts and notifications allow DBAs to receive timely updates on critical database events and performance issues, enabling proactive management and quicker response times.\n4.  Performance Analysis: Provides detailed performance analysis tools, including query statistics and historical performance data. This allows DBAs to analyze trends, identify bottlenecks, and optimize database performance.\n5.  User Management and Security: Supports user authentication and role-based access control, ensuring secure management of PostgreSQL instances. It also provides an audit log for tracking user activities.\n6.  Plugin System: Extensible through plugins, allowing customization and addition of new features as needed.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "dalibo/temboard",
+        "url": "https://github.com/dalibo/temboard",
+        "type": "opensource"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "temBoard Documentation",
+        "url": "https://temboard.readthedocs.io/en/v8/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "DDPuDDUFxubWZmWXCmF7L": {
+    "title": "check_pgbackrest",
+    "description": "Monitoring `pgBackRest` helps ensure that your PostgreSQL backups are consistent, up-to-date, and free from any potential issues. By regularly checking your backups, you'll be able to maintain a reliable and efficient backup-restore process for your PostgreSQL database.\n\n`pgBackRest` provides a built-in command called `check` which performs various checks to validate your repository and configuration settings. The command is executed as follows:\n\n    pgbackrest --stanza=<stanza_name> check\n    \n\n`<stanza_name>` should be replaced with the name of the stanza for which you want to verify the repository and configuration settings.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "pgBackRest Website",
+        "url": "https://pgbackrest.org/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "-XhONB0FBA6UslbDWoTDv": {
+    "title": "barman",
+    "description": "Barman (Backup and Recovery Manager) is a robust tool designed for managing PostgreSQL backups and disaster recovery. It supports various backup types, including full and incremental backups, and provides features for remote backups, backup retention policies, and compression to optimize storage. Barman also offers point-in-time recovery (PITR) capabilities and integrates with PostgreSQL's WAL archiving to ensure data integrity. With its extensive monitoring and reporting capabilities, Barman helps database administrators automate and streamline backup processes, ensuring reliable and efficient recovery options in case of data loss or corruption.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "EnterpriseDB/barman",
+        "url": "https://github.com/EnterpriseDB/barman",
+        "type": "opensource"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "pgBarman Website",
+        "url": "https://www.pgbarman.org/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "4gQSzH-WKFAvmkwlX_oyR": {
+    "title": "WAL-G",
+    "description": "WAL-G is an open-source archival and restoration tool for PostgreSQL and MySQL/MariaDB, designed for managing Write-Ahead Logs (WAL) and performing continuous archiving. It extends the capabilities of the traditional `pg_basebackup` by supporting features like delta backups, compression, and encryption. WAL-G is optimized for cloud storage, integrating seamlessly with services like Amazon S3, Google Cloud Storage, and Azure Blob Storage. It ensures efficient backup storage by deduplicating data and providing incremental backup capabilities. Additionally, WAL-G supports point-in-time recovery, allowing databases to be restored to any specific time, enhancing disaster recovery processes.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "wal-g/wal-g",
+        "url": "https://github.com/wal-g/wal-g",
+        "type": "opensource"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Continuous PostgreSQL Backups using WAL-G",
+        "url": "https://supabase.com/blog/continuous-postgresql-backup-walg",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "5LLYxCj22RE6Nf0fVm8GO": {
+    "title": "pgbackrest",
+    "description": "pgBackRest is a robust backup and restore solution for PostgreSQL, designed for high performance and reliability. It supports full, differential, and incremental backups, and provides features like parallel processing, backup validation, and compression to optimize storage and speed. pgBackRest also includes support for point-in-time recovery (PITR), encryption, and remote operations. Its configuration flexibility and extensive documentation make it suitable for various PostgreSQL deployment scenarios, ensuring efficient data protection and disaster recovery.",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "pgbackrest/pgbackrest",
+        "url": "https://github.com/pgbackrest/pgbackrest",
+        "type": "opensource"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "pgBackRest documentation",
+        "url": "https://pgbackrest.org",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "Id_17Ya-NUvoXxijAZvmW": {
+    "title": "pg_probackup",
+    "description": "`pg_probackup` is a backup and recovery manager for PostgreSQL, designed to handle periodic backups of PostgreSQL clusters. It supports incremental backups, merge strategies to avoid frequent full backups, validation, and parallelization for efficiency. It also offers features like backup from standby servers, remote operations, and compression. With support for PostgreSQL versions 11 through 16, it enables comprehensive management of backups and WAL archives, ensuring data integrity and efficient recovery processes.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "postgrespro/pg_probackup",
+        "url": "https://github.com/postgrespro/pg_probackup",
+        "type": "opensource"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "PostgresPro Website",
+        "url": "https://postgrespro.com/products/extensions/pg_probackup",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "XZ922juBJ8Om0WyGtSYT5": {
+    "title": "pg_dump",
+    "description": "`pg_dump` is a utility for backing up a PostgreSQL database by exporting its data and schema. Unlike `pg_basebackup`, which takes a physical backup of the entire cluster, `pg_dump` produces a logical backup of a single database. It can output data in various formats, including plain SQL, custom, directory, and tar, allowing for flexible restore options. `pg_dump` can be used to selectively backup specific tables, schemas, or data, making it suitable for tasks like migrating databases or creating development copies. The utility ensures the backup is consistent by using the database's built-in mechanisms to capture a snapshot of the data at the time of the dump.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "pg_dump",
+        "url": "https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/app-pgdump.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "pg_dump - VMWare",
+        "url": "https://docs.vmware.com/en/VMware-Greenplum/5/greenplum-database/utility_guide-client_utilities-pg_dump.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "QmV-J6fPYQ5CcdGUkBs7y": {
+    "title": "pg_dumpall",
+    "description": "`pg_dumpall` is a utility for backing up all databases in a PostgreSQL cluster, including cluster-wide data such as roles and tablespaces. It creates a plain text SQL script file that contains the commands to recreate the cluster's databases and their contents, as well as the global objects. This utility is useful for comprehensive backups where both database data and cluster-wide settings need to be preserved. Unlike `pg_dump`, which targets individual databases, `pg_dumpall` ensures that the entire PostgreSQL cluster can be restored from the backup, making it essential for complete disaster recovery scenarios.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "pg_dumpall",
+        "url": "https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/app-pg-dumpall.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "pg_dump & pg_dumpall",
+        "url": "https://www.postgresqltutorial.com/postgresql-administration/postgresql-backup-database/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "YSprRhPHkzV8SzDYpIVmp": {
+    "title": "pg_restore",
+    "description": "`pg_restore` is a utility for restoring PostgreSQL database backups created by `pg_dump` in non-plain-text formats (custom, directory, or tar). It allows for selective restoration of database objects such as tables, schemas, or indexes, providing flexibility to restore specific parts of the database. `pg_restore` can also be used to reorder data load operations, create indexes and constraints after data load, and parallelize the restore process to speed up recovery. This utility ensures efficient and customizable restoration from logical backups.",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "pg_restore",
+        "url": "https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/app-pgrestore.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "A guide to pg_restore",
+        "url": "https://www.timescale.com/learn/a-guide-to-pg_restore-and-pg_restore-example",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "XYaVsj5_48CSnoTSGXBbN": {
+    "title": "pg_basebackup",
+    "description": "`pg_basebackup` is a utility for creating a physical backup of a PostgreSQL database cluster. It generates a consistent backup of the entire database cluster by copying data files while ensuring write operations do not interfere. Typically used for setting up streaming replication or disaster recovery, `pg_basebackup` can be run in parallel mode to speed up the process and can output backups in tar format or as a plain directory. It ensures minimal disruption to database operations during the backup process.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "pg_basebackup",
+        "url": "https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/app-pgbasebackup.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Understanding the new pg_basebackup options",
+        "url": "https://www.postgresql.fastware.com/blog/understanding-the-new-pg_basebackup-options",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "te4PZaqt6-5Qu8rU0w6a1": {
+    "title": "Backup Validation Procedures",
+    "description": "It's not enough to just take backups; you must also ensure that your backups are valid and restorable. A corrupt or incomplete backup can lead to data loss or downtime during a crisis. Therefore, it's essential to follow best practices and validate your PostgreSQL backups periodically.\n\nKey Validation Procedures\n-------------------------\n\nHere are the critical backup validation procedures you should follow:\n\n*   **Restore Test**: Regularly perform a restore test using your backups to ensure that the backup files can be used for a successful restoration of your PostgreSQL database. This process can be automated using scripts and scheduled tasks.\n    \n*   **Checksum Verification**: Use checksums during the backup process to validate the backed-up data. Checksums can help detect errors caused by corruption or data tampering. PostgreSQL provides built-in checksum support, which can be enabled at the database level.\n    \n*   **File-Level Validation**: Compare the files in your backup with the source files in your PostgreSQL database. This will ensure that your backup contains all the necessary files and that their content matches the original data.\n    \n*   **Backup Logs Monitoring**: Monitor and analyze the logs generated during your PostgreSQL backup process. Pay close attention to any warnings, errors, or unusual messages. Investigate and resolve any issues to maintain the integrity of your backups.\n    \n*   **Automated Testing**: Set up automated tests to simulate a disaster recovery scenario and see if your backup can restore the database fully. This will not only validate your backups but also test the overall reliability of your recovery plan.\n    \n\nPost-validation Actions\n-----------------------\n\nAfter validating your backups, it's essential to document the results and address any issues encountered during the validation process. This may involve refining your backup and recovery strategies, fixing any errors or updating your scripts and tools.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "pg_verifybackup",
+        "url": "https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/app-pgverifybackup.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "PostgreSQL Backup and Restore Validation",
+        "url": "https://portal.nutanix.com/page/documents/solutions/details?targetId=NVD-2155-Nutanix-Databases:postgresql-backup-and-restore-validation.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "aKQI7aX4bT_39bZgjmfoW": {
+    "title": "PgBouncer",
+    "description": "PgBouncer is a lightweight connection pooler for PostgreSQL, designed to reduce the overhead associated with establishing new database connections. It sits between the client and the PostgreSQL server, maintaining a pool of active connections that clients can reuse, thus improving performance and resource utilization. PgBouncer supports multiple pooling modes, including session pooling, transaction pooling, and statement pooling, catering to different use cases and workloads. It is highly configurable, allowing for fine-tuning of connection limits, authentication methods, and other parameters to optimize database access and performance.",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "pgbounder/pgbouncer",
+        "url": "https://github.com/pgbouncer/pgbouncer",
+        "type": "opensource"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "PgBounder Website",
+        "url": "https://www.pgbouncer.org/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "3V1PPIeB0i9qNUsT8-4O-": {
+    "title": "PgBouncer Alternatives",
+    "description": "Pgpool-II\n---------\n\nPgpool-II is another widely-used connection pooler for PostgreSQL. It provides several advanced features, such as load balancing, replication, and limiting connections.\n\n*   **Load Balancing** - Pgpool-II can distribute read queries among multiple PostgreSQL servers to balance the read load, helping to improve overall performance.\n*   **Replication** - In addition to connection pooling, Pgpool-II can act as a replication tool for creating real-time data backups.\n*   **Limiting Connections** - You can set connection limits for clients to control the maximum number of allowed connections for specific users or databases.\n\nHAProxy\n-------\n\nHAProxy is a high-performance and highly-available load balancer for TCP and HTTP-based applications, including PostgreSQL. It is particularly well-suited for distributing connections across multiple PostgreSQL servers for high availability and load balancing.\n\n*   **Connection Distribution** - HAProxy uses load balancing algorithms to ensure connections are evenly distributed across the available servers, which can help prevent connection overloading.\n*   **Health Checking** - HAProxy can perform periodic health checks on your PostgreSQL servers, which can help to ensure that client connections are redirected to healthy servers.\n*   **SSL Support** - HAProxy provides SSL/TLS support, enabling secure connections between clients and PostgreSQL servers.\n\nOdyssey\n-------\n\nOdyssey is an open-source, multithreaded connection pooler for PostgreSQL developed by Yandex. It is designed for high-performance and large-scale deployments and supports features like transparent SSL, load balancing, and advanced routing.\n\n*   **High Performance** - Odyssey uses a multithreaded architecture to process its connections, which can help significantly increase its performance compared to single-threaded connection poolers.\n*   **Advanced Routing** - Odyssey allows you to configure routing rules and load balancing based on client, server, user, and even specific SQL queries.\n*   **Transparent SSL** - Odyssey supports transparent SSL connections between clients and PostgreSQL servers, ensuring secure communication.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "yandex/odyssey",
+        "url": "https://github.com/yandex/odyssey",
+        "type": "opensource"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "HAProxy Website",
+        "url": "http://www.haproxy.org/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "PGPool Website",
+        "url": "https://www.pgpool.net/mediawiki/index.php/Main_Page",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "rmsIw9CQa1qcQ_REw76NK": {
+    "title": "Logical Replication",
+    "description": "Logical replication in PostgreSQL allows the selective replication of data between databases, providing flexibility in synchronizing data across different systems. Unlike physical replication, which copies entire databases or clusters, logical replication operates at a finer granularity, allowing the replication of individual tables or specific subsets of data. This is achieved through the use of replication slots and publications/subscriptions. A publication defines a set of changes (INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE) to be replicated, and a subscription subscribes to these changes from a publisher database to a subscriber database. Logical replication supports diverse use cases such as real-time data warehousing, database migration, and multi-master replication, where different nodes can handle both reads and writes. Configuration involves creating publications on the source database and corresponding subscriptions on the target database, ensuring continuous, asynchronous data flow with minimal impact on performance.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Logical Replication",
+        "url": "https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/logical-replication.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Logical Replication in PostgreSQL Explained",
+        "url": "https://www.enterprisedb.com/postgres-tutorials/logical-replication-postgresql-explained",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How to start Logical Replication for PostgreSQL",
+        "url": "https://www.percona.com/blog/how-to-start-logical-replication-in-postgresql-for-specific-tables-based-on-a-pg_dump/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "MwLlVbqceQ-GTgPJlgoQY": {
+    "title": "Streaming Replication",
+    "description": "Streaming Replication is a powerful feature in PostgreSQL that allows efficient real-time replication of data across multiple servers. It is a type of asynchronous replication, meaning that the replication process occurs continuously in the background without waiting for transactions to be committed. The primary purpose of streaming replication is to ensure high availability and fault tolerance, as well as to facilitate load balancing for read-heavy workloads. In the context of PostgreSQL, streaming replication involves a _primary_ server and one or more _standby_ servers. The primary server processes write operations and then streams the changes (or write-ahead logs, also known as WAL) to the standby servers, which apply the changes to their local copies of the database. The replication is unidirectional – data flows only from the primary server to the standby servers.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Streaming Replication",
+        "url": "https://wiki.postgresql.org/wiki/Streaming_Replication",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Postgres Streaming Replication on Centos",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nnnAmq34STc",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "mm0K_8TFicrYdZQvWFkH4": {
+    "title": "Patroni",
+    "description": "Patroni is an open-source tool that automates the setup, management, and failover of PostgreSQL clusters, ensuring high availability. It leverages distributed configuration stores like Etcd, Consul, or ZooKeeper to maintain cluster state and manage leader election. Patroni continuously monitors the health of PostgreSQL instances, automatically promoting a replica to primary if the primary fails, minimizing downtime. It simplifies the complexity of managing PostgreSQL high availability by providing built-in mechanisms for replication, failover, and recovery, making it a robust solution for maintaining PostgreSQL clusters in production environments.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "zalando/patroni",
+        "url": "https://github.com/zalando/patroni",
+        "type": "opensource"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "TZvZ_jNjWnM535ZktyhQN": {
+    "title": "Patroni Alternatives",
+    "description": "While Patroni is a popular choice for managing PostgreSQL clusters, there are several other tools and frameworks available that you might consider as alternatives to Patroni. Each of these has its unique set of features and benefits, and some may be better suited to your specific requirements or use-cases.\n\nStolon - Stolon is a cloud-native PostgreSQL manager that automatically ensures high availability and, if required, can seamlessly scale instances. It was developed by the team at Sorint.lab and is written in Go. Some of the main features that differentiate Stolon from other solutions are:\n\nPgpool-II - Pgpool-II is an advanced and powerful PostgreSQL management and load balancing solution, developed by the Pgpool Global Development Group. Pgpool-II not only provides high availability and connection pooling, but also offers a myriad of other features, such as:\n\nRepmgr - Repmgr is an open-source replication management tool for PostgreSQL that has been fully integrated and supported by 2ndQuadrant. It simplifies administration and daily management, providing a robust and easy-to-use solution. The main features of Repmgr include:\n\nPAF (PostgreSQL Automatic Failover) - PAF is an HA (high-availability) resource agent for the Pacemaker and Corosync cluster manager, designed for the PostgreSQL's built-in streaming replication. It was developed by the team at Dalibo and is quite lightweight compared to other alternatives. Key features of PAF include:\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "dalibo/PAF",
+        "url": "https://github.com/dalibo/PAF",
+        "type": "opensource"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "sorintlab/stolen",
+        "url": "https://github.com/sorintlab/stolon",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "pgPool Website",
+        "url": "https://www.pgpool.net/mediawiki/index.php/Main_Page",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "RepMgr Website",
+        "url": "https://repmgr.org/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "SNnc8CIKuHUAEZaJ_qEar": {
+    "title": "Resource Usage / Provisioning / Capacity Planning",
+    "description": "Capacity planning and resource management are essential skills for professionals working with PostgreSQL. A well-designed infrastructure balances resource usage among the server, I/O, and storage systems to maintain smooth database operations. In this context, resource usage refers to the consumption of computational resources like CPU, memory, storage, and network resources. Planning for provisioning and capacity can help administrators run an efficient and scalable PostgreSQL infrastructure.\n\nResource Usage\n--------------\n\nWhen monitoring your PostgreSQL database's performance, some factors to look out for include CPU, memory, disk I/O, and network usage.\n\n*   **CPU**: High CPU usage may indicate that queries are taking longer than expected, causing increased resource consumption by the system. It is crucial to monitor the CPU usage and optimize queries and indexes to avoid performance bottlenecks.\n*   **Memory**: A well-managed memory system can significantly speed up database operations. Monitor memory usage, as low memory utilization rates can lead to slow query responses and reduced performance.\n*   **Disk I/O**: Monitor disk read and write performance to avoid bottlenecks and maintain efficient database operations. Excessive write activities, heavy workload, or slow storage can affect the PostgreSQL's transaction processing.\n*   **Network**: Network problems might lead to slow response times or connectivity issues. Monitoring the network traffic can help identify any problems with the database, client connections, or replication.\n\nProvisioning\n------------\n\nProper resource provisioning is critical to ensure the system can handle the workload, while also being cost-effective. When dealing with PostgreSQL, there are three main aspects to consider:\n\n*   **Instance Size**: Resource allocation includes determining the appropriate instance size for your PostgreSQL server. Consider the expected workload for your database application and choose the right balance of CPU power, memory, and storage for your requirements.\n*   **Scaling**: Plan for the ability to scale your PostgreSQL database horizontally (by adding more nodes) or vertically (by increasing resources) to maintain system performance as your needs grow. This will help you accommodate fluctuating workloads, new applications, or changes in usage patterns.\n*   **High Availability**: Provision multiple PostgreSQL instances to form a high-availability (HA) setup, protecting against hardware failures and providing minimal downtime. In addition, PostgreSQL supports replication to ensure data durability and consistency across multiple nodes.\n\nCapacity Planning\n-----------------\n\nCapacity planning is a dynamic process that includes forecasting the infrastructure requirements based on business assumptions and actual usage patterns. System requirements might change as new applications or users are added, or as the database grows in size. Consider the following factors when planning your PostgreSQL infrastructure:\n\n*   **Workload**: Understand the expected workload for your PostgreSQL database to determine database size, indexing, and caching requirements.\n*   **Data Storage**: Anticipate the growth of your data volume through regular database maintenance, monitoring, and by having storage expansion plans in place.\n*   **Performance Metrics**: Establish key performance indicators (KPIs) to measure performance, detect possible issues, and act accordingly to minimize service degradation.\n*   **Testing**: Simulate test scenarios and perform stress tests to identify bottlenecks and inconsistencies to adjust your infrastructure as needed.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Resource Consumption",
+        "url": "https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/runtime-config-resource.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "5 ways to host PostgreSQL databases",
+        "url": "https://www.prisma.io/dataguide/postgresql/5-ways-to-host-postgresql",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "e5s7-JRqNy-OhfnjTScZI": {
+    "title": "Learn to Automate",
+    "description": "When working with PostgreSQL, automating repetitive and time-consuming tasks is crucial for increasing efficiency and reliability in your database operations.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "-clI2RmfhK8F8beHULaIB": {
+    "title": "Shell Scripts",
+    "description": "Shell scripts are a powerful tool used to automate repetitive tasks and perform complex operations. They are essentially text files containing a sequence of commands to be executed by the shell (such as Bash or Zsh). By leveraging shell scripts with tools such as `cron`, you can efficiently automate tasks related to PostgreSQL and streamline your database administration processes.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Shell scripting tutorial",
+        "url": "https://www.tutorialspoint.com/unix/shell_scripting.htm",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Shell Scripting for Beginners",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cQepf9fY6cE&list=PLS1QulWo1RIYmaxcEqw5JhK3b-6rgdWO_",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "j5YeixkCKRv0sfq_gFVr9": {
+    "title": "Any Programming Language",
+    "description": "PostgreSQL supports various languages for providing server-side scripting and developing custom functions, triggers, and stored procedures. When choosing a language, consider factors such as the complexity of the task, the need for a database connection, and the trade-off between learning a new language and leveraging existing skills.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Procedural Languages",
+        "url": "https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/external-pl.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "RqSfBR_RuvHrwHfPn1jwZ": {
+    "title": "Ansible",
+    "description": "Ansible is a widely used open-source configuration management and provisioning tool that helps automate many tasks for managing servers, databases, and applications. It uses a simple, human-readable language called YAML to define automation scripts, known as “playbooks”. By using Ansible playbooks and PostgreSQL modules, you can automate repetitive tasks, ensure consistent configurations, and reduce human error.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "ansible/ansible",
+        "url": "https://github.com/ansible/ansible",
+        "type": "opensource"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Ansible Website",
+        "url": "https://www.ansible.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Ansible Tutorial for Beginners: Ultimate Playbook & Examples",
+        "url": "https://spacelift.io/blog/ansible-tutorial",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "Q_B9dlXNMXZIRYQC74uIf": {
+    "title": "Salt",
+    "description": "Salt (SaltStack) is an open-source configuration management, remote execution, and automation tool that helps you manage, automate, and orchestrate your PostgreSQL infrastructure. Salt is an excellent choice for managing your PostgreSQL infrastructure, providing a powerful, flexible, and extensible solution to help you maintain consistency and automate common tasks seamlessly.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "saltstack/salt",
+        "url": "https://github.com/saltstack/salt",
+        "type": "opensource"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Saltstack Website",
+        "url": "https://saltproject.io/index.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "7EHZ9YsNjCyTAN-LDWYMS": {
+    "title": "Chef",
+    "description": "Chef is a powerful and widely-used configuration management tool that provides a simple yet customizable way to manage your infrastructure, including PostgreSQL installations. Chef is an open-source automation platform written in Ruby that helps users manage their infrastructure by creating reusable and programmable code, called \"cookbooks\" and \"recipes\", to define the desired state of your systems. It uses a client-server model and employs these cookbooks to ensure that your infrastructure is always in the desired state.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "chef/chef",
+        "url": "https://github.com/chef/chef",
+        "type": "opensource"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Chef Website",
+        "url": "https://www.chef.io/products/chef-infra",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "e39bceamU-lq3F2pmLz6v": {
+    "title": "Puppet",
+    "description": "Puppet is an open-source software configuration management tool that enables system administrators to automate the provisioning, configuration, and management of a server infrastructure. It helps minimize human errors, ensures consistency across multiple systems, and simplifies the process of managing PostgreSQL installations.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Puppet documentation",
+        "url": "https://puppet.com/docs/puppet/latest/index.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Puppet PostgreSQL module documentation",
+        "url": "https://forge.puppet.com/modules/puppetlabs/postgresql/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "AtZcMhy2Idmgonp5O8RSQ": {
+    "title": "Practical Patterns / Antipatterns",
+    "description": "Practical patterns for PostgreSQL migrations include using version control tools like Liquibase or Flyway to manage schema changes, applying incremental updates to minimize risk, maintaining backward compatibility during transitions, and employing zero-downtime techniques like rolling updates. Data migration scripts should be thoroughly tested in staging environments to ensure accuracy. Employing transactional DDL statements helps ensure atomic changes, while monitoring and having rollback plans in place can quickly address any issues. These strategies ensure smooth, reliable migrations with minimal application disruption.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Liquibase Website",
+        "url": "https://www.liquibase.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Flyway Website",
+        "url": "https://flywaydb.org/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "3Lcy7kBKeV6hx9Ctp_20M": {
+    "title": "Migration Related Tools",
+    "description": "Migrations are crucial in the lifecycle of database applications. As the application evolves, changes to the database schema and sometimes data itself become necessary.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Liquibase Website",
+        "url": "https://www.liquibase.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Sqitch Website",
+        "url": "https://sqitch.org/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Bytebase Website",
+        "url": "https://www.bytebase.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "cc4S7ugIphyBZr-f6X0qi": {
+    "title": "Bulk Loading / Processing Data",
+    "description": "Bulk load process data involves transferring large volumes of data from external files into the PostgreSQL database. This is an efficient way to insert massive amounts of data into your tables quickly, and it's ideal for initial data population or data migration tasks. Leveraging the `COPY` command or `pg_bulkload` utility in combination with best practices should help you load large datasets swiftly and securely.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "7 Best Practice Tips for PostgreSQL Bulk Data Loading",
+        "url": "https://www.enterprisedb.com/blog/7-best-practice-tips-postgresql-bulk-data-loading",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Populating a Database",
+        "url": "https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/populate.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "OiGRtLsc28Tv35vIut6B6": {
+    "title": "Data Partitioning",
+    "description": "Data partitioning is a technique that divides a large table into smaller, more manageable pieces called partitions. Each partition is a smaller table that stores a subset of the data, usually based on specific criteria such as ranges, lists, or hashes. Partitioning can improve query performance, simplifies data maintenance tasks, and optimizes resource utilization.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Table Partitioning",
+        "url": "https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/ddl-partitioning.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How to use table partitioning to scale PostgreSQL",
+        "url": "https://www.enterprisedb.com/postgres-tutorials/how-use-table-partitioning-scale-postgresql",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "r6Blr7Q4wOnvJ-m6NvPyP": {
+    "title": "Sharding Patterns",
+    "description": "Sharding is a technique that splits a large dataset across multiple database instances or servers, called shards. Each shard is an independent and self-contained unit that holds a portion of the overall data, and shards can be distributed across different geographical locations or infrastructures.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Exploring Effective Sharding Strategies with PostgreSQL",
+        "url": "https://medium.com/@gustavo.vallerp26/exploring-effective-sharding-strategies-with-postgresql-for-scalable-data-management-2c9ae7ef1759",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Mastering PostgreSQL Scaling: A Tale of Sharding and Partitioning",
+        "url": "https://doronsegal.medium.com/scaling-postgres-dfd9c5e175e6",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "Fcl7AD2M6WrMbxdvnl-ub": {
+    "title": "Normalization / Normal Forms",
+    "description": "Data normalization in PostgreSQL involves organizing tables to minimize redundancy and ensure data integrity through a series of normal forms: First Normal Form (1NF) ensures each column contains atomic values and records are unique; Second Normal Form (2NF) requires that all non-key attributes are fully dependent on the primary key; Third Normal Form (3NF) eliminates transitive dependencies so non-key attributes depend only on the primary key; Boyce-Codd Normal Form (BCNF) further ensures that every determinant is a candidate key; Fourth Normal Form (4NF) removes multi-valued dependencies; and Fifth Normal Form (5NF) addresses join dependencies, ensuring tables are decomposed without loss of data integrity. These forms create a robust framework for efficient, consistent, and reliable database schema design.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "A Guide to Data Normalization in PostgreSQL ",
+        "url": "https://www.cybertec-postgresql.com/en/data-normalization-in-postgresql/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "First normal form",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PCdZGzaxwXk",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Second normal form",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_NHkY6Yvh64",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Third normal form",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IN2m7VtYbEU",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "rnXcM62rgq3p6FQ9AWW1R": {
+    "title": "Patterns / Antipatterns",
+    "description": "Practical patterns for implementing queues in PostgreSQL include using a dedicated table to store queue items, leveraging the `FOR` `UPDATE` `SKIP` `LOCKED` clause to safely dequeue items without conflicts, and partitioning tables to manage large volumes of data efficiently. Employing batch processing can also enhance performance by processing multiple queue items in a single transaction. Antipatterns to avoid include using high-frequency polling, which can lead to excessive database load, and not handling concurrency properly, which can result in data races and deadlocks. Additionally, storing large payloads directly in the queue table can degrade performance; instead, store references to the payloads. By following these patterns and avoiding antipatterns, you can build efficient and reliable queuing systems in PostgreSQL.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Postgres as Queue",
+        "url": "https://leontrolski.github.io/postgres-as-queue.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Can PostgreSQL Replace Your Messaging Queue?",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IDb2rKhzzt8",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "WCBWPubUS84r3tOXpnZT3": {
+    "title": "PgQ",
+    "description": "Skytools is a set of tools developed by Skype to assist with using PostgreSQL databases. One of the key components of Skytools is PGQ, a queuing system built on top of PostgreSQL that provides efficient and reliable data processing.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "PgQ — Generic Queue for PostgreSQL",
+        "url": "https://github.com/pgq",
+        "type": "opensource"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "v2J6PZT0fHvqA7GwlqBU7": {
+    "title": "Processes & Memory Architecture",
+    "description": "PostgreSQL’s process memory architecture is designed to efficiently manage resources and ensure performance. It consists of several key components:\n\n*   Shared Memory: This is used for data that needs to be accessed by all server processes, such as the shared buffer pool (shared\\_buffers), which caches frequently accessed data pages, and the Write-Ahead Log (WAL) buffers (wal\\_buffers), which store transaction log data before it is written to disk.\n*   Local Memory: Each PostgreSQL backend process (one per connection) has its own local memory for handling query execution. Key components include the work memory (work\\_mem) for sorting operations and hash tables, and the maintenance work memory (maintenance\\_work\\_mem) for maintenance tasks like vacuuming and index creation.\n*   Process-specific Memory: Each process allocates memory dynamically as needed for tasks like query parsing, planning, and execution. Memory contexts within each process ensure efficient memory usage and cleanup.\n*   Temporary Files: For operations that exceed available memory, such as large sorts or hash joins, PostgreSQL spills data to temporary files on disk.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Understanding PostgreSQL Shared Memory",
+        "url": "https://stackoverflow.com/questions/32930787/understanding-postgresql-shared-memory",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Understanding The Process and Memory Architecture of PostgreSQL",
+        "url": "https://dev.to/titoausten/understanding-the-process-and-memory-architecture-of-postgresql-5hhp",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "dJzJP1uo4kVFThWgglPfk": {
+    "title": "Vacuum Processing",
+    "description": "Vacuum processing is an essential aspect of maintaining the performance and stability of a PostgreSQL database. PostgreSQL uses a storage technique called Multi-Version Concurrency Control (MVCC), which allows multiple transactions to access different versions of a database object simultaneously. This results in the creation of multiple \"dead\" rows whenever a row is updated or deleted. Vacuum processing helps in cleaning up these dead rows and reclaiming storage space, preventing the database from becoming bloated and inefficient.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "PostgreSQL VACUUM Guide and Best Practices",
+        "url": "https://www.enterprisedb.com/blog/postgresql-vacuum-and-analyze-best-practice-tips",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How to run VACUUM ANALYZE explicitly?",
+        "url": "https://medium.com/@dmitry.romanoff/postgresql-how-to-run-vacuum-analyze-explicitly-5879ec39da47",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "KeBUzfrkorgFWpR8A-xmJ": {
+    "title": "Buffer Management",
+    "description": "PostgreSQL uses a buffer pool to efficiently cache frequently accessed data pages in memory. The buffer pool is a fixed-size, shared memory area where database blocks are stored while they are being used, modified or read by the server. Buffer management is the process of efficiently handling these data pages to optimize performance.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Buffer Manager",
+        "url": "https://dev.to/vkt1271/summary-of-chapter-8-buffer-manager-from-the-book-the-internals-of-postgresql-part-2-4f6o",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "pg_buffercache",
+        "url": "https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/pgbuffercache.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Write Ahead Logging",
+        "url": "https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/wal-intro.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "pOkafV7nDHme4jk-hA8Cn": {
+    "title": "Lock Management",
+    "description": "Lock management in PostgreSQL is implemented using a lightweight mechanism that allows database objects, such as tables, rows, and transactions, to be locked in certain modes. The primary purpose of locking is to prevent conflicts that could result from concurrent access to the same data or resources.\n\nThere are various types of lock modes available, such as `AccessShareLock`, `RowExclusiveLock`, `ShareUpdateExclusiveLock`, etc. Each lock mode determines the level of compatibility with other lock modes, allowing or preventing specific operations on the locked object.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Lock Management",
+        "url": "https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/runtime-config-locks.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Understanding Postgres Locks and Managing Concurrent Transactions",
+        "url": "https://medium.com/@sonishubham65/understanding-postgres-locks-and-managing-concurrent-transactions-1ededce53d59",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "gweDHAB58gKswdwfpnRQT": {
+    "title": "Physical Storage and File Layout",
+    "description": "PostgreSQL's physical storage and file layout optimize data management and performance through a structured organization within the data directory, which includes subdirectories like `base` for individual databases, `global` for cluster-wide tables, `pg_wal` for Write-Ahead Logs ensuring durability, and `pg_tblspc` for tablespaces allowing flexible storage management. Key configuration files like `postgresql.conf`, `pg_hba.conf`, and `pg_ident.conf` are also located here. This layout facilitates efficient data handling, recovery, and maintenance, ensuring robust database operations.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is $PGDATA in PostgreSQL?",
+        "url": "https://stackoverflow.com/questions/26851709/what-is-pgdata-in-postgresql",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "TOAST",
+        "url": "https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/storage-toast.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "lDuBFA7cEMnd7Cl9MDgnf": {
+    "title": "System Catalog",
+    "description": "The PostgreSQL system catalog is a set of tables and views that store metadata about the database objects, providing critical information for database management and querying. Key system catalog tables include `pg_database` (information about databases), `pg_tables` (details of tables), `pg_indexes` (index information), `pg_class` (general information about tables, indexes, and sequences), `pg_attribute` (column details for each table), and `pg_roles` (user and role information). These catalogs enable the database engine and users to efficiently manage schema, security, and query optimization, ensuring effective database operations and maintenance.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "System Catalogs",
+        "url": "https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/catalogs.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Exploring the PostgreSQL System Catalogs",
+        "url": "https://www.openlogic.com/blog/postgresql-system-catalog-overview",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "msm4QCAA-MRVI1psf6tt3": {
+    "title": "Per-User, Per-Database Setting",
+    "description": "In PostgreSQL, per-user and per-database settings allow administrators to customize configurations for specific users or databases, enhancing performance and management. These settings are managed using the ALTER ROLE and ALTER DATABASE commands.\n\nThese commands store the settings in the system catalog and apply them whenever the user connects to the database or the database is accessed. Commonly customized parameters include search\\_path, work\\_mem, and maintenance\\_work\\_mem, allowing fine-tuned control over query performance and resource usage tailored to specific needs.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "ALTER ROLE",
+        "url": "https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/sql-alterrole.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "ALTER DATABASE",
+        "url": "https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/sql-alterdatabase.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "4VrT_K9cZZ0qE1EheSQy0": {
+    "title": "Storage Parameters",
+    "description": "Storage parameters help optimize the database's performance by allowing you to configure settings related to memory usage, storage behavior, and buffer management for specific tables and indexes. PostgreSQL provides several configuration options to tailor the behavior of storage and I/O on a per-table or per-index basis. These options are set using the `ALTER TABLE` or `ALTER INDEX` commands, and they affect the overall performance of your database.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "ALTER INDEX",
+        "url": "https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/sql-alterindex.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "PostgreSQL Storage Parameters",
+        "url": "https://pgpedia.info/s/storage-parameters.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "SQL ALTER TABLE Statement",
+        "url": "https://www.w3schools.com/sql/sql_alter.asp",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "VekAMpcrugHGuvSbyPZVv": {
+    "title": "OLTP",
+    "description": "Online Transaction Processing (OLTP) in PostgreSQL refers to a class of systems designed to manage transaction-oriented applications, typically for data entry and retrieval transactions in database systems. OLTP systems are characterized by a large number of short online transactions (INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE), where the emphasis is on speed, efficiency, and maintaining data integrity in multi-access environments. PostgreSQL supports OLTP workloads through features like ACID compliance (Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability), MVCC (Multi-Version Concurrency Control) for high concurrency, efficient indexing, and robust transaction management. These features ensure reliable, fast, and consistent processing of high-volume, high-frequency transactions critical to OLTP applications.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is OLTP?",
+        "url": "https://www.oracle.com/uk/database/what-is-oltp/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "OLTP vs OLAP",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iw-5kFzIdgY",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "WI3-7hFAnJw5f7GIn-5kp": {
+    "title": "OLAP",
+    "description": "Online Analytical Processing (OLAP) in PostgreSQL refers to a class of systems designed for query-intensive tasks, typically used for data analysis and business intelligence. OLAP systems handle complex queries that aggregate large volumes of data, often from multiple sources, to support decision-making processes. PostgreSQL supports OLAP workloads through features such as advanced indexing, table partitioning, and the ability to create materialized views for faster query performance. Additionally, PostgreSQL's support for parallel query execution and extensions like Foreign Data Wrappers (FDW) and PostGIS enhance its capability to handle large datasets and spatial data, making it a robust platform for analytical applications.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Transforming Postgres into a Fast OLAP Database",
+        "url": "https://blog.paradedb.com/pages/introducing_analytics",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Online Analytical Processing",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NuVAgAgemGI",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "rHDlm78yroRrrAAcabEAl": {
+    "title": "HTAP",
+    "description": "Hybrid Transactional/Analytical Processing (HTAP) in PostgreSQL refers to a database system's ability to efficiently handle both Online Transaction Processing (OLTP) and Online Analytical Processing (OLAP) workloads simultaneously. PostgreSQL achieves this through its robust architecture, which supports ACID transactions for OLTP and advanced analytical capabilities for OLAP. Key features include Multi-Version Concurrency Control (MVCC) for high concurrency, partitioning and parallel query execution for performance optimization, and extensions like PL/pgSQL for complex analytics. PostgreSQL's ability to manage transactional and analytical tasks in a unified system reduces data latency and improves real-time decision-making, making it an effective platform for HTAP applications.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "HTAP: Hybrid Transactional and Analytical Processing",
+        "url": "https://www.snowflake.com/guides/htap-hybrid-transactional-and-analytical-processing/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is HTAP?",
+        "url": "https://planetscale.com/blog/what-is-htap",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "Ur23UVs_nXaltytF1WJD8": {
+    "title": "PL/pgSQL",
+    "description": "`PL/pgSQL` is a procedural language for the PostgreSQL database system that enables you to create stored procedures and functions using conditionals, loops, and other control structures, similar to a traditional programming language. Using PL/pgSQL, you can perform complex operations on the server-side, reducing the need to transfer data between the server and client. This can significantly improve performance, and it enables you to encapsulate and modularize your logic within the database.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "PL/pgSQL — SQL Procedural Language",
+        "url": "https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/plpgsql.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "PostgreSQL PL/pgSQL",
+        "url": "https://www.postgresqltutorial.com/postgresql-plpgsql/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "LiF2Yh818D-zEF58v5Fgr": {
+    "title": "Procedures and Functions",
+    "description": "In PostgreSQL, functions and procedures encapsulate reusable logic within the database to enhance performance and maintain organization. Functions return a value or a table, take input parameters, and are used in SQL queries, defined with `CREATE FUNCTION`. Procedures, introduced in PostgreSQL 11, do not return values but can perform actions and include transaction control commands like `COMMIT` and `ROLLBACK`, defined with `CREATE PROCEDURE` and called using the `CALL` statement. Key differences include functions' mandatory return value and integration in SQL queries, while procedures focus on performing operations and managing transactions.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "CREATE PROCEDURE",
+        "url": "https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/sql-createprocedure.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "CREATE FUNCTION",
+        "url": "https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/sql-createfunction.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "PostgreSQL CREATE PROCEDURE",
+        "url": "https://www.postgresqltutorial.com/postgresql-plpgsql/postgresql-create-procedure/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "ps2KK88QA1n5udn2ochIn": {
+    "title": "Triggers",
+    "description": "Triggers are special user-defined functions that get invoked automatically when an event (like `INSERT`, `UPDATE`, `DELETE`, or `TRUNCATE`) occurs on a specified table or view. They allow you to perform additional actions when data is modified in the database, helping to maintain the integrity and consistency of your data.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Triggers",
+        "url": "https://www.postgresql.org/docs/8.1/triggers.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Using PostgreSQL triggers to automate processes with Supabase",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0N6M5BBe9AE",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "A1LGOqqaka0ILcYwybclP": {
+    "title": "Recursive CTE",
+    "description": "Recursive CTEs are a powerful feature in SQL that allow you to build complex hierarchical queries, retrieve data stored in hierarchical structures or even perform graph traversal. In simple terms, a recursive CTE is a CTE that refers to itself in its own definition, creating a loop that iterates through the data until a termination condition is met.\n\nNote that recursive CTEs can be complex, and it's important to ensure a proper termination condition to avoid infinite recursion. Also, be careful with the use of `UNION ALL` or `UNION`, as it may impact the results and the performance of your query.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "PostgreSQL Recursive Query",
+        "url": "https://www.postgresqltutorial.com/postgresql-tutorial/postgresql-recursive-query/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "PostgreSQL recursive query explained",
+        "url": "https://elvisciotti.medium.com/postgresql-recursive-query-the-simplest-example-explained-f9b85e0a371b",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "iQqEC1CnVAoM7x455jO_S": {
+    "title": "Aggregate and Window functions",
+    "description": "Aggregate functions in PostgreSQL perform calculations on a set of rows and return a single value, such as `SUM()`, `AVG()`, `COUNT()`, `MAX()`, and `MIN()`. Window functions, on the other hand, calculate values across a set of table rows related to the current row while preserving the row structure. Common window functions include `ROW_NUMBER()`, `RANK()`, `DENSE_RANK()`, `NTILE()`, `LAG()`, and `LEAD()`. These functions are crucial for data analysis, enabling complex queries and insights by summarizing and comparing data effectively.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Data Processing With PostgreSQL Window Functions",
+        "url": "https://www.timescale.com/learn/postgresql-window-functions",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Why & How to Use Window Functions to Aggregate Data in Postgres",
+        "url": "https://coderpad.io/blog/development/window-functions-aggregate-data-postgres/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "pvj33qDiG3sSjtiW6sUra": {
+    "title": "top",
+    "description": "`top` is a command-line utility that comes pre-installed on most Unix-based operating systems such as Linux, macOS, and BSD. It provides a dynamic, real-time view of the processes running on a system, displaying valuable information like process ID, user, CPU usage, memory usage, and more.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "How to use the top command in Linux",
+        "url": "https://phoenixnap.com/kb/top-command-in-linux",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "top man page",
+        "url": "https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man1/top.1.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Demystifying the Top Command in Linux",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WsR11EGF9PA",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "0hRQtRsteGDnKO5XgLF1R": {
+    "title": "sysstat",
+    "description": "Sysstat is a collection of performance monitoring tools for Linux. It collects various system statistics, such as CPU usage, memory usage, disk activity, network traffic, and more. System administrators can use these tools to monitor the performance of their servers and identify potential bottlenecks and areas for improvement.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "sysstat/sysstat",
+        "url": "https://github.com/sysstat/sysstat",
+        "type": "opensource"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Sysstat – All-in-One System Performance and Usage Activity Monitoring Tool For Linux",
+        "url": "https://www.tecmint.com/install-sysstat-in-linux/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "n8oHT7YwhHhFdU5_7DZ_F": {
+    "title": "iotop",
+    "description": "`iotop` is an essential command-line utility that provides real-time insights into the input/output (I/O) activities of processes running on your system. This tool is particularly useful when monitoring and managing your PostgreSQL database's performance, as it helps system administrators or database developers to identify processes with high I/O, leading to potential bottlenecks or server optimization opportunities.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Linux iotop Check What’s Stressing & Increasing Load On Hard Disks",
+        "url": "https://www.cyberciti.biz/hardware/linux-iotop-simple-top-like-io-monitor/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "iotop man page",
+        "url": "https://linux.die.net/man/1/iotop",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "yIdUhfE2ZTQhDAdQsXrnH": {
+    "title": "gdb",
+    "description": "GDB, the GNU Debugger, is a powerful debugging tool that provides inspection and modification features for applications written in various programming languages, including C, C++, and Fortran. GDB can be used alongside PostgreSQL for investigating backend processes and identifying potential issues that might not be apparent at the application level.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "GDB",
+        "url": "https://sourceware.org/gdb/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Learn how to use GDB",
+        "url": "https://opensource.com/article/21/3/debug-code-gdb",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "C_cUfEufYeUlAdVfdUvsK": {
+    "title": "strace",
+    "description": "`strace` is a powerful command-line tool used to diagnose and debug programs on Linux systems. It allows you to trace the system calls made by the process you're analyzing, allowing you to observe its interaction with the operating system.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "strace man page",
+        "url": "https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man1/strace.1.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Understand system calls with strace",
+        "url": "https://opensource.com/article/19/10/strace",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "QarPFu_wU6-F9P5YHo6CO": {
+    "title": "ebpf",
+    "description": "eBPF is a powerful Linux kernel technology used for tracing and profiling various system components such as processes, filesystems, network connections, and more. It has gained enormous popularity among developers and administrators because of its ability to offer deep insights into the system's behavior, performance, and resource usage at runtime. In the context of profiling PostgreSQL, eBPF can provide valuable information about query execution, system calls, and resource consumption patterns.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is eBPF? (Extended Berkeley Packet Filter)",
+        "url": "https://www.kentik.com/kentipedia/what-is-ebpf-extended-berkeley-packet-filter/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is Extended Berkeley Packet Filter (eBPF)",
+        "url": "https://www.sentinelone.com/cybersecurity-101/what-is-extended-berkeley-packet-filter-ebpf/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Introduction to eBPF",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qXFi-G_7IuU",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "wH447bS-csqmGbk-jaGqp": {
+    "title": "perf-tools",
+    "description": "Perf tools is a suite of performance analysis tools that comes as part of the Linux kernel. It enables you to monitor various performance-related events happening in your system, such as CPU cycles, instructions executed, cache misses, and other hardware-related metrics. These tools can be helpful in understanding the bottlenecks and performance issues in your PostgreSQL instance and can be used to discover areas of improvement.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Profiling with Linux perf tool",
+        "url": "https://mariadb.com/kb/en/profiling-with-linux-perf-tool/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "perf: Linux profiling with performance counters ",
+        "url": "https://perf.wiki.kernel.org/index.php/Main_Page",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "-CIezYPHTcXJF_p4T55-c": {
+    "title": "Core Dumps",
+    "description": "A core dump is a file that contains the memory image of a running process and its process status. It's typically generated when a program crashes or encounters an unrecoverable error, allowing developers to analyze the state of the program at the time of the crash. In the context of PostgreSQL, core dumps can help diagnose and fix issues with the database system.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Core Dump",
+        "url": "https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Core_dump",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Enabling Core Dumps",
+        "url": "https://wiki.postgresql.org/wiki/Getting_a_stack_trace_of_a_running_PostgreSQL_backend_on_Linux/BSD#Enabling_core_dumps",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "V2iW8tJQXwsRknnZXoHGd": {
+    "title": "pgBadger",
+    "description": "PgBadger is a fast, efficient PostgreSQL log analyzer and report generator. It parses PostgreSQL log files to generate detailed reports on database performance, query statistics, connection information, and more. PgBadger supports various log formats and provides insights into slow queries, index usage, and overall database activity. Its reports, typically in HTML format, include visual charts and graphs for easy interpretation. PgBadger is valuable for database administrators looking to optimize performance and troubleshoot issues based on log data.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "darold/pgbadger",
+        "url": "https://github.com/darold/pgbadger",
+        "type": "opensource"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "PGBadger - Postgresql log analysis made easy",
+        "url": "https://dev.to/full_stack_adi/pgbadger-postgresql-log-analysis-made-easy-54ki",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "ISuU1lWH_zVDlCHnWXbf9": {
+    "title": "pgCluu",
+    "description": "PgCluu is a powerful and easy-to-use PostgreSQL performance monitoring and tuning tool. This open-source program collects statistics and provides various metrics in order to analyze PostgreSQL databases, helping you discover performance bottlenecks and optimize your cluster's performance. Apart from PostgreSQL-specific settings, you can also tweak other options, such as the RRDtool's data file format (JPG or SVG), time range for graphs, and more.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "darold/pgcluu",
+        "url": "https://github.com/darold/pgcluu",
+        "type": "opensource"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "pgCluu Website",
+        "url": "https://pgcluu.darold.net/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "HJCRntic0aGVvdmCN45aP": {
+    "title": "awk",
+    "description": "Awk is a versatile text processing tool that is widely used for various data manipulation, log analysis, and text reporting tasks. It is especially suitable for working with structured text data, such as data in columns. Awk can easily extract specific fields or perform calculations on them, making it an ideal choice for log analysis.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Awk",
+        "url": "https://www.grymoire.com/Unix/Awk.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Awk command in Linux/Unix",
+        "url": "https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/awk-command-linux-unix",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "cFtrSgboZRJ3Q63eaqEBf": {
+    "title": "grep",
+    "description": "Grep is a powerful command-line tool used for searching plain-text data sets against specific patterns. It was originally developed for the Unix operating system and has since become available on almost every platform. When analyzing PostgreSQL logs, you may find the `grep` command an incredibly useful resource for quickly finding specific entries or messages.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "grep command in Linux/Unix",
+        "url": "https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/grep-command-in-linux-unix",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Use the Grep Command",
+        "url": "https://docs.rackspace.com/docs/use-the-linux-grep-command",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "hVL6OtsXrE8BvjKpRjB-9": {
+    "title": "sed",
+    "description": "Sed is a powerful command-line utility for text processing and manipulation in Unix-based systems, including Linux operating systems. It operates on a text stream – reading from a file, standard input, or a pipe from another command – and applies a series of editing instructions known as \"scripts\" to transform the input text into a desired output format.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "sed, a stream editor",
+        "url": "https://www.gnu.org/software/sed/manual/sed.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How to use the sed command on Linux",
+        "url": "https://www.howtogeek.com/666395/how-to-use-the-sed-command-on-linux/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "_NL5pGGTLNxCFx4axOqfu": {
+    "title": "pg_stat_activity",
+    "description": "`pg_stat_activity` is a crucial system view in PostgreSQL that provides real-time information on current database connections and queries being executed. This view is immensely helpful when troubleshooting performance issues, identifying long-running or idle transactions, and managing the overall health of the database. `pg_stat_activity` provides you with valuable insights into database connections and queries, allowing you to monitor, diagnose, and act accordingly to maintain a robust and optimally performing system.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "pg_state_activity",
+        "url": "https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/monitoring-stats.html#MONITORING-PG-STAT-ACTIVITY-VIEW",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Understanding pg_stat_activity",
+        "url": "https://www.depesz.com/2022/07/05/understanding-pg_stat_activity/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "wLMGOUaULW7ZALRr-shTz": {
+    "title": "pg_stat_statements",
+    "description": "**Pg Stat Statements** is a system view in PostgreSQL that provides detailed statistics on the execution of SQL queries. It is particularly useful for developers and database administrators to identify performance bottlenecks, optimize query performance, and troubleshoot issues. This view can be queried directly or accessed through various administration tools. To use Pg Stat Statements, you need to enable the `pg_stat_statements` extension by adding the following line to the `postgresql.conf` configuration file.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "pg_stat_statements",
+        "url": "https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/pgstatstatements.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Using pg_stat_statements to Optimize Queries",
+        "url": "https://www.timescale.com/blog/using-pg-stat-statements-to-optimize-queries/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "TytU0IpWgwhr4w4W4H3Vx": {
+    "title": "pgcenter",
+    "description": "`pgcenter` is a command-line tool that provides real-time monitoring and management for PostgreSQL databases. It offers a convenient interface for tracking various aspects of database performance, allowing users to quickly identify bottlenecks, slow queries, and other potential issues. With its numerous features and easy-to-use interface, `pgcenter` is an essential tool in the toolbox of anyone working with PostgreSQL databases.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "lesovsky/pgcenter",
+        "url": "https://github.com/lesovsky/pgcenter",
+        "type": "opensource"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "n2OjwxzIHnATraRWi5Ddl": {
+    "title": "EXPLAIN",
+    "description": "Understanding the performance and efficiency of your queries is crucial when working with databases. In PostgreSQL, the `EXPLAIN` command helps to analyze and optimize your queries by providing insights into the query execution plan. This command allows you to discover bottlenecks, inefficient table scans, improper indexing, and other issues that may impact your query performance.\n\n`EXPLAIN` generates a query execution plan without actually executing the query. It shows the nodes in the plan tree, the order in which they will be executed, and the estimated cost of each operation.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Using EXPLAIN",
+        "url": "https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/using-explain.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "PostgreSQL EXPLAIN",
+        "url": "https://www.postgresqltutorial.com/postgresql-tutorial/postgresql-explain/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "rVlncpLO20WK6mjyqLerL": {
+    "title": "Depesz",
+    "description": "\"Depesz\" is a popular, online query analysis tool for PostgreSQL, named after Hubert \"depesz\" Lubaczewski, the creator of the tool. It helps you understand and analyze the output of `EXPLAIN ANALYZE`, a powerful command in PostgreSQL for examining and optimizing your queries. Depesz is often used to simplify the query analysis process, as it offers valuable insights into the performance of your SQL queries and aids in tuning them for better efficiency.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Depesz Website",
+        "url": "https://www.depesz.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "9RyMU36KEP__-RzTTz_eo": {
+    "title": "PEV2",
+    "description": "`pev2`, or _Postgres Explain Visualizer v2_, is an open-source tool designed to make query analysis with PostgreSQL easier and more understandable. By providing a visual representation of the `EXPLAIN ANALYZE` output, `pev2` simplifies query optimization by displaying the query plan and execution metrics in a readable structure.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "dalibo/pev2",
+        "url": "https://github.com/dalibo/pev2",
+        "type": "opensource"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "xEu5n6U9-WKVxjlT5YUgx": {
+    "title": "Tenser",
+    "description": "Tensor Query Language (TQL) is a specialized SQL-like language designed for querying and managing datasets stored as tensors, primarily used within the Deep Lake platform. TQL extends traditional SQL capabilities to support multidimensional array operations, making it particularly useful for data science and machine learning workflows. Key features include array arithmetic, user-defined functions, and integration with deep learning frameworks like PyTorch and TensorFlow, allowing for efficient data manipulation and analysis directly within these environments.\n\nTQL enables users to perform complex queries on datasets, including operations like embedding search, array slicing, and custom numeric computations. This flexibility supports a wide range of applications, from simple data retrieval to sophisticated data preprocessing steps needed for training machine learning models. The language also integrates with version control, allowing users to manage and query different versions of their datasets seamlessly.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Tensor Query Language Documentation",
+        "url": "https://docs.activeloop.ai/examples/tql",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "UZ1vRFRjiQAVu6BygqwEL": {
+    "title": "explain.dalibo.com",
+    "description": "[explain.dalibo.com](http://explain.dalibo.com) is a free service that allows you to analyze the execution plan of your queries. It is based on the [explain.depesz.com](explain.depesz.com) service.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "explain.dalibo.com",
+        "url": "https://explain.dalibo.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "QWi84EjdHw5ChYsuwUhPC": {
+    "title": "USE",
+    "description": "The Utilization Saturation and Errors (USE) Method is a methodology for analyzing the performance of any system. It directs the construction of a checklist, which for server analysis can be used for quickly identifying resource bottlenecks or errors. It begins by posing questions, and then seeks answers, instead of beginning with given metrics (partial answers) and trying to work backwards.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "The USE Method",
+        "url": "https://www.brendangregg.com/usemethod.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Making the USE method of monitoring useful",
+        "url": "https://www.infoworld.com/article/2270621/making-the-use-method-of-monitoring-useful.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Adopting monitoring frameworks - RED and USE ",
+        "url": "https://lantern.splunk.com/Observability/Product_Tips/Observability_Cloud/Adopting_monitoring_frameworks_-_RED_and_USE",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "qBkpTmfbyCv2L-OJW9pPI": {
+    "title": "RED",
+    "description": "The acronym stands for Rate, Errors, and Duration. These are request-scoped, not resource-scoped as the USE method is. Duration is explicitly taken to mean distributions, not averages.\n\nThe Rate is the number of requests per second. The Errors is the number of requests that failed. The Duration is the distribution of request durations.\n\nThe Red Method is a methodology for analyzing the performance of any system. It directs the construction of a checklist, which for server analysis can be used for quickly identifying resource bottlenecks or errors. It begins by posing questions, and then seeks answers, instead of beginning with given metrics (partial answers) and trying to work backwards.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "The RED Method: A New Approach to Monitoring Microservices",
+        "url": "https://thenewstack.io/monitoring-microservices-red-method",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "PostgreSQL, RED, Golden Signals",
+        "url": "https://dataegret.com/2020/10/postgresql-red-golden-signals-getting-started/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "oX-bdPPjaHJnQKgUhDSF2": {
+    "title": "Golden Signals",
+    "description": "Golden Signals are a set of metrics that help monitor application performance and health, particularly in distributed systems. These metrics are derived from Google's Site Reliability Engineering (SRE) practices and can be easily applied to PostgreSQL troubleshooting methods. By monitoring these four key signals – latency, traffic, errors, and saturation – you can gain a better understanding of your PostgreSQL database's overall performance and health, as well as quickly identify potential issues.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "The Four Golden Signals",
+        "url": "https://sre.google/sre-book/monitoring-distributed-systems/#xref_monitoring_golden-signals",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "4 SRE Golden Signals (What they are and why they matter)",
+        "url": "https://www.blameless.com/blog/4-sre-golden-signals-what-they-are-and-why-they-matter",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "FDuiJyU1yWUQ9IsfS3CeZ": {
+    "title": "Schema Design Patterns / Anti-patterns",
+    "description": "Schema design patterns in PostgreSQL ensure efficient and scalable databases by using normalization to reduce redundancy and maintain data integrity, while denormalization improves read performance for read-heavy applications. Employing star and snowflake schemas optimizes query performance in data warehousing, with the former having a central fact table and the latter normalizing dimension tables. Partitioning tables based on specific criteria enhances query performance and maintenance, while strategic use of indexes speeds up data retrieval. Foreign keys and constraints maintain data integrity, and materialized views precompute complex queries for faster access to summary data, collectively ensuring an optimized and robust database design.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "How to Design Your PostgreSQL Database: Two Schema Examples",
+        "url": "https://www.timescale.com/learn/how-to-design-postgresql-database-two-schema-examples",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is STAR schema | Star vs Snowflake Schema",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hQvCOBv_-LE",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "G9DB1ZQjgXaHxJ4Lm6xGx": {
+    "title": "SQL Query Patterns / Anti-patterns",
+    "description": "Schema query patterns in PostgreSQL optimize data retrieval and manipulation by using indexes on frequently queried columns to speed up SELECT queries, optimizing joins with indexed foreign keys and appropriate join types, and leveraging table partitioning to limit data scans. Common Table Expressions (CTEs) break down complex queries for better readability and maintainability, while window functions allow advanced analytics within queries. Query caching and prepared statements reduce access times and execution overhead, respectively, and materialized views precompute and store complex query results for faster access. These patterns collectively enhance the efficiency, performance, and reliability of PostgreSQL queries.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "Dhhyg23dBMyAKCFwZmu71": {
+    "title": "Indexes and their Usecases",
+    "description": "Indexes in PostgreSQL improve query performance by allowing faster data retrieval. Common use cases include:\n\n*   Primary and Unique Keys: Ensure fast access to rows based on unique identifiers.\n*   Foreign Keys: Speed up joins between related tables.\n*   Search Queries: Optimize searches on large text fields with full-text search indexes.\n*   Range Queries: Improve performance for range-based queries on date, time, or numerical fields.\n*   Partial Indexes: Create indexes on a subset of data, useful for frequently queried columns with specific conditions.\n*   Expression Indexes: Index expressions or functions, enhancing performance for queries involving complex calculations.\n*   Composite Indexes: Optimize multi-column searches by indexing multiple fields together.\n*   GIN and GiST Indexes: Enhance performance for array, JSONB, and geometric data types.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "jihXOJq9zYlDOpvJvpFO-": {
+    "title": "B-Tree",
+    "description": "B-Tree (short for Balanced Tree) is the default index type in PostgreSQL, and it's designed to work efficiently with a broad range of queries. A B-Tree is a data structure that enables fast search, insertion, and deletion of elements in a sorted order. B-Tree indexes are the most commonly used index type in PostgreSQL – versatile, efficient, and well-suited for various query types.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "B-Tree",
+        "url": "https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/indexes-types.html#INDEXES-TYPES-BTREE",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "B-Tree Indexes",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NI9wYuVIYcA&t=109s",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "2yWYyXt1uLOdQg4YsgdVq": {
+    "title": "Hash",
+    "description": "Hash Indexes are a type of database index that uses a hash function to map each row's key value into a fixed-length hashed key. The purpose of using a hash index is to enable quicker search operations by converting the key values into a more compact and easily searchable format.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Hash",
+        "url": "https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/indexes-types.html#INDEXES-TYPES-HASH",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Re-Introducing Hash Indexes in PostgreSQL",
+        "url": "https://hakibenita.com/postgresql-hash-index",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "2chGkn5Y_WTjYllpgL0LJ": {
+    "title": "GiST",
+    "description": "The Generalized Search Tree (GiST) is a powerful and flexible index type in PostgreSQL that serves as a framework to implement different indexing strategies. GiST provides a generic infrastructure for building custom indexes, extending the core capabilities of PostgreSQL. This powerful indexing framework allows you to extend PostgreSQL's built-in capabilities, creating custom indexing strategies aligned with your specific requirements.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "GIST Indexes",
+        "url": "https://www.postgresql.org/docs/8.1/gist.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Generalized Search Trees for Database Systems",
+        "url": "https://www.vldb.org/conf/1995/P562.PDF",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "LT5qRETR3pAI8Tk6k5idg": {
+    "title": "SP-GiST",
+    "description": "The Spatial Generalized Search Tree (SP-GiST) is an advanced indexing structure in PostgreSQL designed to efficiently manage spatial and multidimensional data. Unlike traditional balanced trees like GiST, SP-GiST supports space-partitioning trees such as quad-trees and kd-trees, which are particularly useful for spatial data where the data space can be partitioned into non-overlapping regions.\n\nSP-GiST is ideal for applications that involve complex spatial queries and need efficient indexing mechanisms for large datasets. It works by dividing the data space into smaller, manageable partitions, which helps in optimizing search operations and improving query performance. This structure is particularly beneficial in geographic information systems (GIS), spatial databases, and applications dealing with high-dimensional data.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "PostgreSQL SP-GiST",
+        "url": "https://www.slingacademy.com/article/postgresql-sp-gist-space-partitioned-generalized-search-tree/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "(The Many) Spatial Indexes of PostGIS",
+        "url": "https://www.crunchydata.com/blog/the-many-spatial-indexes-of-postgis",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "FJhJyDWOj9w_Rd_uKcouT": {
+    "title": "GIN",
+    "description": "Generalized Inverted Index (GIN) is a powerful indexing method in PostgreSQL that can be used for complex data types such as arrays, text search, and more. GIN provides better search capabilities for non-traditional data types, while also offering efficient and flexible querying.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Generalized Inverted Indexes",
+        "url": "https://www.cockroachlabs.com/docs/stable/inverted-indexes",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "GIN Introduction",
+        "url": "https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/gin-intro.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "43oFhZuXjJd4QHbUoLtft": {
+    "title": "BRIN",
+    "description": "BRIN is an abbreviation for Block Range INdex which is an indexing technique introduced in PostgreSQL 9.5. This indexing strategy is best suited for large tables containing sorted data. It works by storing metadata regarding ranges of pages in the table. This enables quick filtering of data when searching for rows that match specific criteria. While not suitable for all tables and queries, they can significantly improve performance when used appropriately. Consider using a BRIN index when working with large tables with sorted or naturally ordered data.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "BRIN Indexes",
+        "url": "https://www.postgresql.org/docs/17/brin.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Block Range INdexes",
+        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Block_Range_Index",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "NhodBD8myUTljNdn3y40I": {
+    "title": "Get Involved in Development",
+    "description": "PostgreSQL is an open-source database system developed by a large and active community. By getting involved in the development process, you can help contribute to its growth, learn new skills, and collaborate with other developers around the world. In this section, we'll discuss some ways for you to participate in the PostgreSQL development community.\n\nJoin Mailing Lists and Online Forums\n------------------------------------\n\nJoin various PostgreSQL mailing lists, such as the general discussion list (_pgsql-general_), the development list (_pgsql-hackers_), or other specialized lists to stay up-to-date on discussions related to the project. You can also participate in PostgreSQL-related forums, like Stack Overflow or Reddit, to engage with fellow developers, ask questions, and provide assistance to others.\n\nBug Reporting and Testing\n-------------------------\n\nReporting bugs and testing new features are invaluable contributions to improving the quality and stability of PostgreSQL. Before submitting a bug report, make sure to search the official bug tracking system to see if the issue has already been addressed. Additionally, consider testing patches submitted by other developers or contributing tests for new features or functionalities.\n\nContribute Code\n---------------\n\nContributing code can range from fixing small bugs or optimizing existing features, to adding entirely new functionalities. To start contributing to the PostgreSQL source code, you'll need to familiarize yourself with the [PostgreSQL coding standards](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/source.html) and submit your changes as patches through the PostgreSQL mailing list. Make sure to follow the [patch submission guidelines](https://wiki.postgresql.org/wiki/Submitting_a_Patch) to ensure that your contributions are properly reviewed and considered.\n\nDocumentation and Translations\n------------------------------\n\nImproving and expanding the official PostgreSQL documentation is crucial for providing accurate and up-to-date information to users. If you have expertise in a particular area, you can help by updating the documentation. Additionally, translating the documentation or interface messages into other languages can help expand the PostgreSQL community by providing resources for non-English speakers.\n\nOffer Support and Help Others\n-----------------------------\n\nBy helping others in the community, you not only contribute to the overall growth and development of PostgreSQL but also develop your own knowledge and expertise. Participate in online discussions, answer questions, conduct workshops or webinars, and share your experiences and knowledge to help others overcome challenges they may be facing.\n\nAdvocate for PostgreSQL\n-----------------------\n\nPromoting and advocating for PostgreSQL in your organization and network can help increase its adoption and visibility. Share your success stories, give talks at conferences, write blog posts, or create tutorials to help encourage more people to explore PostgreSQL as a go-to solution for their database needs.\n\nRemember, the PostgreSQL community thrives on the input and dedication of its members, so don't hesitate to get involved and contribute. Every contribution, no matter how small, can have a positive impact on the project and create a more robust and powerful database system for everyone.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "8H7hJhGKxr1nrjkHv9Xao": {
+    "title": "Mailing Lists",
+    "description": "Mailing lists are an essential part of PostgreSQL's development community. They provide a platform for collaboration, discussion, and problem-solving. By participating in these lists, you can contribute to the development of PostgreSQL, share your knowledge with others, and stay informed about the latest updates, improvements, and conferences.\n\nHere are some prominent mailing lists in PostgreSQL's development community:\n\n*   **pgsql-hackers**: This is the primary mailing list for PostgreSQL's core development. It is intended for discussions around new features, patches, performance improvements, and bug fixes. To subscribe, visit [pgsql-hackers Subscription](https://www.postgresql.org/list/pgsql-hackers/).\n    \n*   **pgsql-announce**: This mailing list is for official announcements regarding new PostgreSQL releases, security updates, and other important events. To stay updated, you can subscribe at [pgsql-announce Subscription](https://www.postgresql.org/list/pgsql-announce/).\n    \n*   **pgsql-general**: The pgsql-general mailing list is for general discussions related to PostgreSQL, including usage, administration, configuration, and SQL queries. Subscribe at [pgsql-general Subscription](https://www.postgresql.org/list/pgsql-general/).\n    \n*   **pgsql-novice**: This mailing list is specifically designed for PostgreSQL beginners who need help or advice. If you're new to PostgreSQL, consider joining this community by subscribing at [pgsql-novice Subscription](https://www.postgresql.org/list/pgsql-novice/).\n    \n*   **pgsql-docs**: If you're interested in contributing to PostgreSQL's documentation or want to discuss its content, subscribe to the pgsql-docs mailing list at [pgsql-docs Subscription](https://www.postgresql.org/list/pgsql-docs/).\n    \n*   **Regional and language-specific mailing lists**: PostgreSQL also offers several regional and language-specific mailing lists to help users communicate in their native languages. Find a suitable mailing list on the [PostgreSQL Mailing Lists page](https://www.postgresql.org/list/).\n    \n\nHow to Contribute\n-----------------\n\nTo get started with mailing lists, follow these steps:\n\n*   **Subscribe**: Choose a mailing list that suits your interests and click on the respective subscription link to sign up.\n    \n*   **Introduce yourself**: It's a good idea to send a brief introduction email to the mailing list, describing your skills and interests related to PostgreSQL.\n    \n*   **Read the archives**: Familiarize yourself with previous discussions by reading the mailing list archives. You can find them on the [PostgreSQL Mailing Lists page](https://www.postgresql.org/list/).\n    \n*   **Participate**: Once you're comfortable with the mailing list's topics and etiquette, start participating in ongoing discussions or initiate new threads.\n    \n\nRemember to follow the [mailing list's etiquette](https://www.postgresql.org/community/lists/etiquette/) to ensure a positive and productive experience for all community members.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "Jy0G0ZnHPOM8hba_PbwuA": {
+    "title": "Reviewing Patches",
+    "description": "One of the most valuable contributions to PostgreSQL is reviewing and testing patches submitted by other developers. This process ensures that every proposed change undergoes quality control, helps new contributors get involved and learn about PostgreSQL, and maintains the overall stability and reliability of the project.\n\n### Why is reviewing patches important?\n\n*   Improves code quality by identifying bugs, security issues, and performance problems\n*   Helps maintain consistency and adherence to project standards and best practices\n*   Provides valuable feedback for developers working on new features and enhancements\n*   Helps new contributors learn about PostgreSQL internals and progressively grow their expertise\n\n### How can I participate in reviewing patches?\n\n*   Subscribe to the [pgsql-hackers mailing list](https://www.postgresql.org/list/pgsql-hackers/) where patch discussions and reviews take place.\n*   Browse the [commitfest schedule](https://commitfest.postgresql.org/) to stay informed about upcoming events and deadlines.\n*   Choose a patch from the commitfest that interests you or that you feel confident to review.\n*   Analyze the patch to ensure:\n    *   Correctness: Does the patch work as intended and solve the problem it addresses?\n    *   Performance: Does the patch avoid introducing performance regressions or trade-offs?\n    *   Code quality: Is the code clean, modular, and maintainable? Does it adhere to PostgreSQL coding conventions?\n    *   Documentation: Are the changes properly documented, and do they provide the necessary context for other developers?\n    *   Test coverage: Are there appropriate tests covering the new code or changes?\n*   Provide feedback on the patch, either by replying to the relevant mailing list thread or by commenting directly on the patch submission in the commitfest app. Be constructive and specific in your comments, and offer suggestions for improvement when possible.\n*   Follow up on any discussion around your review and participate in ongoing improvements and iterations of the patch.\n\nRemember, reviewing patches is a collaborative process that relies on the input of many individuals. Your contributions are essential in maintaining the high quality and stability of the PostgreSQL project.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "eQzMU_KyQmHJQ6gzyk0-1": {
+    "title": "Writing Patches",
+    "description": "If you are an experienced developer or willing to learn, you can contribute to PostgreSQL by writing patches. Patches are important to fix bugs, optimize performance, and implement new features. Here are some guidelines on how to write patches for PostgreSQL:\n\n### Step 1: Find an Issue or Feature\n\nBefore writing a patch, you should identify an issue in PostgreSQL that needs fixing or a feature that requires implementation. You can find existing issues or propose new ones in the [PostgreSQL Bug Tracker](https://www.postgresql.org/support/submitbug/) and [PostgreSQL mailing lists](https://www.postgresql.org/list/).\n\n### Step 2: Familiarize Yourself with the Codebase\n\nTo write a patch, you must have a good understanding of the PostgreSQL source code. The code is available on the [official website](https://www.postgresql.org/developer/sourcecode/) and is organized into different modules. Familiarize yourself with the coding conventions, coding style, and the appropriate module where your patch will be applied.\n\n### Step 3: Set up the Development Environment\n\nTo create a patch, you need a development environment with the required tools, such as Git, GCC, and Bison. Follow the instructions in the [PostgreSQL Developer Setup Guide](https://wiki.postgresql.org/wiki/Developer_Setup) to set up your environment.\n\n### Step 4: Write the Patch\n\nEnsure that your patch adheres to the [PostgreSQL Coding Conventions](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/source-format.html). This includes following proper indentation, formatting, and organizing your code. Write clear and concise comments to help others understand the purpose of your patch.\n\n### Step 5: Test the Patch\n\nBefore submitting your patch, thoroughly test it to ensure it works correctly and does not introduce new issues. Run the patch through the PostgreSQL regression test suite, as well as any additional tests specific to your patch.\n\n### Step 6: Create a Commit and Generate a Patch\n\nAfter completing your patch and testing it, create a Git commit with a clear and concise commit message. Use `git-format-patch` to generate a patch file that can be submitted to the PostgreSQL project.\n\n### Step 7: Submit the Patch\n\nOnce your patch is ready, submit it through the appropriate [PostgreSQL mailing list](https://www.postgresql.org/list/) for review. Be prepared to receive feedback, make revisions, and resubmit your patch if necessary. Remember, contributing to an open-source project like PostgreSQL is a collaborative process!\n\nBy following these steps, you will be well on your way to contributing to the PostgreSQL project by writing patches. Happy coding!",
+    "links": []
+  }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/public/roadmap-content/product-manager.json b/public/roadmap-content/product-manager.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ec1400c4b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/public/roadmap-content/product-manager.json
@@ -0,0 +1,930 @@
+{
+  "luk1vnpy0duneVjen8WzO": {
+    "title": "What is Product Management?",
+    "description": "Product management is a multifaceted discipline that forms the backbone of any technology organization. As a product manager, individuals are responsible for guiding the success of a product and leading the cross-functional team that is responsible for improving it. This entails an understanding of the market, the competitive landscape, customer demand and preferences, as well as business strategy. The decisions made by the product manager directly influence the strategic direction, design, functionality, and commercial success of the product. They essentially form a bridge between different teams, such as engineering, design, marketing, sales, and customer support, ensuring a seamless transition from product development to product release.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is Product Management? - Product Plan",
+        "url": "https://www.productplan.com/learn/what-is-product-management/#what-is-product-management",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is Product Management? - Atlassian",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kzMBIyzq9Ag",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "V-IeFB9S2tToxANHIzpMs": {
+    "title": "Product vs Project Management",
+    "description": "Project management focuses on planning, executing, and closing specific projects with defined objectives, timelines, and deliverables, ensuring that tasks are completed on time and within budget. It is concerned with the successful completion of a project, often involving temporary endeavors with a clear beginning and end. In contrast, product management is a continuous process that involves the entire lifecycle of a product, from ideation and development to market launch and ongoing improvements.\n\nProduct managers are responsible for defining the product vision, strategy, and roadmap, ensuring that the product meets customer needs and business goals. They work cross-functionally with teams like engineering, marketing, and sales to deliver a product that provides value over its entire lifecycle. While project managers focus on the execution of specific initiatives, product managers concentrate on the long-term success and evolution of a product.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Product vs Project Manager - Coursera",
+        "url": "https://www.coursera.org/gb/articles/product-manager-vs-project-manager",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Product Manager vs Project Manager",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nPR6HsUO_XY",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "Dx6ee8P_Agpw1MLKlAPGI": {
+    "title": "Roles and Responsibilities",
+    "description": "A product manager is a pivotal role that stands at the crossroads of business, technology, and user experience aspects. Their roles and responsibilities include understanding customer needs, defining and communicating product strategy, prioritizing product features, liaising with different teams such as engineering, sales and marketing to ensure seamless product development and launch, monitoring and analyzing market trends, and ultimately driving the success of the product in the market. A prodigious product manager, with a unique blend of business acuity and technical knack, can significantly impact the product's acceptance in the market and the company's bottom line.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Product Manager Roles & Responsibilities",
+        "url": "https://www.productside.com/product-manager-roles-and-responsibilities-keytask/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "5W-3jh1-4qSU5kagrWv9z": {
+    "title": "Key Skills",
+    "description": "A Product Manager is often viewed as the \"CEO of the Product\", requiring a unique blend of business, technical, and strategic skills to drive the product's success. Core competencies for a Product Manager typically include strategic thinking, the ability to influence cross-functional teams, technical proficiency, understanding of customer needs and market trends, problem-solving abilities, and exceptional communication skills. These key skills are vital in managing stakeholders, formulating strategic product vision, making crucial business decisions, and ensuring seamless product execution. The ability to continuously learn and adapt is also crucial due to the dynamic nature of the product management industry.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What Skills Does a Product Manager Need?",
+        "url": "https://careerfoundry.com/en/blog/product-management/product-manager-skills/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Skills Every Product Manager Needs",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ysBpePyeHkU",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "kB8e26BUm8BpTY1_O3N3_": {
+    "title": "Product Development Lifecycle",
+    "description": "The Product Development Lifecycle is a crucial aspect for Product Managers to understand. It represents the systematic and methodical journey a product takes from conceptual idea to market distribution. This lifecycle consists of several distinct stages such as ideation, design, development, testing, and launch. Developing a thorough comprehension of this process enables Product Managers to effectively manage, predict and strategize around the potential challenges and opportunities each stage presents. This understanding is vital for successful product launches, maximizing product potential, and ensuring alignment with market demands and customer expectations.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Product Development Lifecycle - MailChimp",
+        "url": "https://mailchimp.com/resources/product-life-cycle/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "5okUFVMuG6mjRki4fyCcF": {
+    "title": "Development",
+    "description": "The development phase of the product development lifecycle is a critical stage where ideas transform into tangible products. For product managers, this phase involves coordinating with cross-functional teams, including engineering, design, and quality assurance, to ensure that the product meets its specifications and market requirements. This phase focuses on building, testing, and refining the product, incorporating feedback from iterative testing and addressing any technical challenges that arise. Effective management during this stage is essential for aligning the product with its strategic goals and preparing it for a successful launch.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is Product Development?",
+        "url": "https://www.aha.io/roadmapping/guide/what-is-product-development",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What's Product Development?",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jLvMGnAYicY",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "GoYEAU_lZ186M3IJY48O6": {
+    "title": "Introduction",
+    "description": "The introduction phase of the product development lifecycle marks the transition from development to market entry, where the product is launched and made available to customers. For product managers, this phase involves executing go-to-market strategies, coordinating marketing and sales efforts, and closely monitoring the product's performance in the market. This period is critical for building brand awareness, attracting early adopters, and gathering initial customer feedback. Effective management during the introduction phase ensures a smooth launch, helps identify and resolve any post-launch issues, and sets the foundation for the product's growth and long-term success.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "ke5vl9p3ouupjVmgU5IKw": {
+    "title": "Growth",
+    "description": "The growth phase of the product development lifecycle follows the development and introduction stages, characterized by a significant increase in market acceptance and sales. For product managers, this phase involves scaling operations, optimizing marketing strategies, and enhancing the product based on customer feedback. The focus shifts to expanding market share, improving product features, and exploring new distribution channels. Effective management during the growth phase is essential for sustaining momentum, addressing competitive pressures, and maximizing profitability, ultimately securing the product's position in the market.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "aUJTPvO9Eb1UOD0MIY4Mf": {
+    "title": "Maturity",
+    "description": "The maturity phase of the product development lifecycle follows the development, introduction, and growth stages, representing a period where the product has achieved widespread market acceptance and stabilized sales. For product managers, this phase focuses on maintaining market share, optimizing operational efficiency, and extending the product's lifecycle through enhancements and diversification. Strategies during this phase include cost management, refining marketing efforts to retain loyal customers, and exploring opportunities for incremental innovation. Effective management during the maturity phase is crucial for sustaining profitability, fending off competition, and preparing for eventual market saturation or product evolution.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "yOve7g_05UMpXHcGpdZcW": {
+    "title": "Decline",
+    "description": "The decline phase of the product development lifecycle comes after the development, introduction, growth, and maturity stages, characterized by decreasing sales and market relevance. For product managers, this phase involves making strategic decisions regarding the product's future, such as discontinuation, repositioning, or reinvention. The focus shifts to cost reduction, managing inventory, and maximizing any remaining value from the product. Effective management during the decline phase is essential for mitigating losses, reallocating resources to more promising products, and planning for a smooth exit or transition, ensuring minimal disruption to the overall product portfolio.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "beca7sTxYY06RwNn5jpZM": {
+    "title": "Mind Mapping",
+    "description": "Mind Mapping is an essential tool in the arsenal of a Product Manager. It involves the graphical or pictorial representation of ideas or tasks emerging from a core central concept. As product managers wrestle with strategy formulation, project management, feature breakout, and stakeholder communication, mind maps provide a valuable ally to visualize complex concepts and relationships. Mind mapping encourages brainstorming, fosters association of ideas, and aids in effectively organizing and structuring the numerous elements of a product's lifeline.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "0emyqhl028_M6tdilfFC3": {
+    "title": "Brainwriting",
+    "description": "Brainwriting is a critical tool in the arsenal of modern Product Managers. It refers to a structured brainstorming technique where team members independently write down their ideas, then pass them on to others for the development and enhancement. In the realm of product management, this can help stimulate creative problem-solving and innovation, paving the way for new features, strategies, and improvements. It's a game-changer as it values the voices of all team members, reduces group pressure, and mitigates the problem of idea domination often present in traditional brainstorming sessions.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "uLSPKcypF06AhzoeNVtDk": {
+    "title": "SCAMPER",
+    "description": "SCAMPER is a powerful and dynamic brainstorming tool widely recognized in the area of Product Management. As a mnemonic acronym, it represents seven techniques to assist Product Managers: Substitute, Combine, Adapt, Modify/Magnify, Put to other uses, Eliminate and Reverse. It provides a structured method to challenge the status quo, encourage divergent thinking, and generate innovative product ideas. SCAMPER serves as a strategic tool, enabling Product Managers to analyze their current product portfolio, identify improvement areas, conceive new product features or entirely new products, ensuring competitive advantage and long-term business success.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "69IgqluiW9cVfezSIKInD": {
+    "title": "Brainstorming Techniques",
+    "description": "When it comes to the role of a Product Manager, brainstorming techniques are paramount, especially during the stage of Product Identification. This initial stage involves the generation and rallying of innovative ideas that could potentially translate into a viable product. The Product Manager is required to leverage different techniques, like mind maps, SWOT analysis, SCAMPER, or Six Thinking Hats, to effectively encourage creativity, drive cross-functional collaboration, and foster a breeding ground for market-leading product concepts. Effective brainstorming sessions can reveal unique market opportunities, create an alignment of vision among teams, and contribute to the overall product strategy.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "vP4tfzP-hOiAsv4K4RsQy": {
+    "title": "Discovery",
+    "description": "The discovery phase is a crucial stage in a Product Manager's role. It involves exploring, researching, understanding customer needs, and identifying market opportunities to develop a product that aligns with business goals while providing value to users. During this phase, Product Managers gather and analyze data from customers, competitors, and the market to clearly define the problem to be solved. Visual forms like customer journey maps, personas, or prototypes are often used to effectively communicate the findings. The insights gained during the discovery phase set the foundation for the decisions made in the subsequent product development phases.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Introduction to Modern Product Discovery by Teresa Torres",
+        "url": "https://youtu.be/l7-5x0ra2tc?si=Zh4LeSF_qAj8y6-a",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "toc34xxsB_tnHtekk1UmN": {
+    "title": "Selection",
+    "description": "The Selection process in Product Management involves identifying which features and projects to prioritize, based on the product's strategic direction, business objectives, customer needs, and market trends. As a Product Manager, understanding how to effectively carry out this selection process is critical in managing resources efficiently, aligning team efforts towards high-impact tasks, and driving product success in the market. This process usually involves tools and frameworks, such as product roadmaps, prioritization matrices, user feedback, and data analysis.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "fK3ZaX7Amna1oa_T5axVk": {
+    "title": "Validation",
+    "description": "Validation in the context of Product Management, refers to the process of ensuring that a product, feature, or concept meets the needs and expectations of the targeted end-user population. Product Managers carry out this process before the development phase to mitigate risks and avoid potentially costly mistakes. Validation helps in identifying if the problem is worth solving, gauges market demand, and validates the proposed solution. Typically, this might involve user interviews, surveys, prototypes, and market research. It plays a crucial role in decreasing uncertainties and refining the product roadmap. Its objective is to build a product that provides sufficient value to customers and meets business goals.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "1HytzY1KRYIQWoQa5FMwY": {
+    "title": "Iterative Process",
+    "description": "The Iterative Process is a fundamental approach in product management, which allows Product Managers to continuously improve and refine their products. In essence, it means creating, testing, refining, and repeating. Using this methodology, a Product Manager incrementally enhances the product based on feedback and learnings from each iteration. This constant evolution of the product makes for a more flexible development process, particularly useful in dynamic environments where user needs or market conditions may frequently change. Understanding and applying the Iterative Process can greatly enhance the ability of a Product Manager to deliver an effective and successful product to the market.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "LhNgyNDeqCAD--dAzf6u8": {
+    "title": "Execution",
+    "description": "Execution in the context of a Product Manager refers to the practical implementation of strategic plans. A Product Manager not only has to devise innovative solutions and streamline their visions but also successfully execute those plans. This involves managing resources, mitigating risks, working in collaboration with different teams, and ensuring the product development aligns with the customers’ needs and the company’s objectives. Sound execution skills are vital for a Product Manager as they directly impact the success or failure of a product in the market.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "gjdCSm_jZmG_q6YjG_8Qu": {
+    "title": "Blue Ocean Strategy",
+    "description": "Blue Ocean Strategy is a significant methodology in product identification for a Product Manager. It's a marketing theory from a book published in 2005 which advocates the creation of new demand in uncontested market spaces, or \"Blue Oceans\". Rather than competing within the confines of the existing industry or trying to steal customers from rivals (Red Ocean Strategy), Blue Ocean Strategy proposes to create a new space in the market, thereby making the competition irrelevant.\n\nFrom a product management perspective, this involves implementing innovative ideas, seeking new opportunities and envisioning potential markets. Product Managers, hence, are able to utilize this strategy to develop unique products that can trigger exponential growth and success for their organizations. In a nutshell, Blue Ocean Strategy provides a creative and systematic approach towards successful product identification and differentiation.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "How To Differentiate Your Business With BLUE OCEAN STRATEGY",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UKDxj6W7CXs",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "DEwte-c-jxAFpiaBXAPSO": {
+    "title": "TRIZ (Theory of Inventive Problem Solving)",
+    "description": "TRIZ is a problem-solving, analysis and forecasting tool derived from the study of patterns of invention in the global patent literature. In the realm of product management, TRIZ aids Product Managers to ideate innovative solutions, accelerate product development, solve complex problems and predict future technology trends. Understanding and applying TRIZ principles can empower Product Managers to overcome cognitive biases, break away from traditional patterns of thinking, and improve ideation and product innovation by providing systematic approaches and methodologies.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "aBJUQvgXmvpLPOhpDTn7l": {
+    "title": "Problem Framing",
+    "description": "Problem Framing is a vigorous process undertaken by Product Managers to clearly understand, articulate, and define the issues that a product or service aims to resolve. It necessitates critical and creative thinking to identify the root cause of a problem, its potential implications, its users, and the impact of its solutions. Essentially, a well-framed problem can guide Product Managers while they navigate through the product's design and development phases, ensuring that the final product successfully addresses the issue at hand and delivers substantial value to its users.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "fmpJB_14CYn7PVuoGZdoz": {
+    "title": "Product Identification",
+    "description": "Product Identification plays a critical role in the diverse spectrum of responsibilities held by a Product Manager. It typically involves identifying and detailing the core features, value proposition, and user demographics of a product. This is an essential preliminary step in product development that not only assists in recognising the unique selling points but also helps in positioning the product appropriately in the competitive market. The rationale, advantages and potential of a product are all captured during the product identification process, making it a key strategic roadmap element for a Product Manager. Knowledge of product identification can empower Product Managers to make informed decisions that align with user needs and business goals.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "Eusp5p6gNIxtU_yVvOkmu": {
+    "title": "Market Analysis",
+    "description": "As a central aspect of a Product Manager's role, market analysis encompasses the examination of the market within which the product will operate. It includes a detailed understanding of potential consumers, competitors, and market conditions. Market analysis helps Product Managers to develop strategic plans, set objectives, and make informed decisions about product development, positioning, and growth strategies. This extensive research forms the groundwork for understanding market trends, industry patterns, customer behavior and the competitive landscape.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "8LAy6uBfrdtrjF8ygAGoo": {
+    "title": "User Research",
+    "description": "User research is a critical aspect of a Product Manager's role. It is through understanding the needs, behaviors, and pain points of a user that a Product Manager can create, refine, and market products successfully. User research is not a one-time event but a continuous process that helps Product Managers stay abreast of their target market's evolving demands and expectations. Methods used include interviews, surveys, usability testing, and observation, among others. By staying connected to the users' perspectives, a Product Manager can ensure a more user-centric product development process resulting in a product that genuinely meets and exceed user expectations.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "YPqdrZguH0ArEFSe-VwKS": {
+    "title": "Positioning",
+    "description": "Positioning, within the realm of product management, refers to the delicate art of crafting and communicating a product's unique value proposition to the intended audience, in relation to competing products. It's about defining where your product fits into the market and how it should be perceived by its consumer base. A seasoned Product Manager meticulously shapes and controls this perception in order to strengthen the product’s standing in the market, increase sales, and boost the overall brand image. The correct positioning strategy can ultimately lead to a product's success or failure. For Product Managers, mastering this strategic function is a key element in directing both product development and marketing efforts.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "LkDLk6DsEvbFXZPGOhD0C": {
+    "title": "Identifying Market Needs",
+    "description": "Identifying market needs is a fundamental task for a Product Manager during the process of market analysis. A market need is what motivates a consumer to buy a product or service. The market analysis mandates the Product Manager to study the market, understand the customers' behavior patterns and preferences, and keep an eye on current market trends. This data-driven outlook helps the Product Manager decipher the gaps in the market, what pain-points the potential customers have that are unresolved, and hence, find opportunities to create new products or enhance existing ones. Glazing through customer feedback, surveys, and competitor analysis are some of the methods that help identify these needs and provide the launchpad for successful product planning and development.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "PBDlYIyS8LAyPE6tV-kU7": {
+    "title": "Competitive Analysis",
+    "description": "Understanding the competitive landscape is a critical aspect of a Product Manager's role. Competitive analysis involves identifying your competitors and evaluating their strategies to determine their strengths and weaknesses relative to your own product or service. A product manager uses competitive analysis to understand market trends, discover opportunities for growth, and determine competitive advantages. It is an essential factor in positioning, marketing, and strategic decision-making. This process of understanding often involves collecting and reviewing information about competitor products, including their features, functionality, pricing structures, and success within target markets.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "aDhSpLRZ6Sd8SnkcwtyLf": {
+    "title": "Emerging Market Trends",
+    "description": "Understanding emerging market trends is a critical aspect of a Product Manager's role. Market analysis involves closely observing changes, patterns, and shifts in the marketplace to not only anticipate customer needs and preferences but also efficiently strategize the product's design, development, and positioning accordingly. Keeping track of emerging market trends provides a competitive edge, aids in identifying opportunities for innovation, and enables better decision-making to ensure product success and sustainability in the market.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "0y8F9x6MhApQkS1VhS8Dx": {
+    "title": "User Personas",
+    "description": "User Personas are considered foundational in user research in product management. These are fictional characters or profiles representing a certain user segment for a product or service. For a Product Manager, understanding user personas is crucial as it allows them to better identify with the user's needs, behavior patterns, and goals. It serves as a tool that humanizes these users and allows for a more personalized approach when designing a product or service. They contribute towards making informed decisions about product features, user interface, and overall user experience. Thus, user personas play a significant role in aligning all stakeholders in a product lifecycle on who the target users are.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "5kt8AkCsdAdlBmsKOkKFH": {
+    "title": "User Interviews",
+    "description": "For a Product Manager, User Interviews are a key instrument in User Research. They provide a pristine opportunity to understand the user's needs, problems, motivations, and behaviors. This process involves having a one-on-one conversation with current or potential users of a product to understand their experiences with the product, to gain insights about their needs and wants, and to determine how a product can be improved to meet the user's expectations. If conducted effectively, user interviews can help a Product Manager to make informed product development decisions thereby increasing user satisfaction and product success.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "a_5AyOKAgcg0rArZfapA_": {
+    "title": "Surveys and Questionnaires",
+    "description": "For a product manager, understanding the needs, wants, and experiences of users is a critical task. This comprehension is often facilitated through user research, where tools like surveys and questionnaires come into the picture. These tools enable product managers to garner valuable insights about user behavior, preferences, and pain points. With well-crafted surveys and questionnaires, product managers can proactively address user needs, refine product strategy, and ultimately create products that provide high value and usability.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "VwI7plziVzwkp3KZd4466": {
+    "title": "Ethnographic Research",
+    "description": "Ethnographic research, stemming from anthropology, is a significant methodology often adopted by product managers to gain a profound understanding of user behaviours, routines, cultures, and motivations in their natural surroundings. It is essential as it offers contextual and holistic insights on user behaviour that other methods, like surveys or interviews, may not provide. For a product manager, this research helps compose a more empathetic and comprehensive user point-of-view, thus successfully driving product decisions that meet users' needs more effectively. This may involve observing users interact with the product in their everyday life, carrying out contextual inquiry, or even studying competitors to understand the factors that drive users towards specific actions. Understanding the subtleties of user behaviour through ethnographic research can truly create the difference between a good product and a great one.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "tKDlfVvNym_OIqkommiJ8": {
+    "title": "USP (Unique Selling Point)",
+    "description": "In the competitive realm of product management, a Unique Selling Point (USP) can be considered as the DNA of your product. It is that distinctive edge or feature that positions your product uniquely in the market and makes it stand out from the crowd. For a Product Manager, comprehending the USP of their product is vital, as it not only aids in driving the product strategy and development but also impacts the marketing campaigns and sales propositions. It gives direction to both the inward and outward-facing decisions and actions pertaining to the product. This nucleus feature, in essence, becomes a crucial factor in setting up the product's market positioning. Hence, a sound grasp of the USP can act as a guiding compass in the successful management and evolution of a product.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "3MYjrnd6h2ZlcfaXjUbkC": {
+    "title": "Market Segmentation",
+    "description": "As a Product Manager, understanding market segmentation is crucial in the process of positioning your product. Market segmentation involves dividing a market into distinct groups of buyers who have different needs, characteristics, and behaviors, and who might require separate products or marketing mixes. It helps product managers identify and analyze potential customers, their needs, and how the product can meet their needs. Furthermore, using market segmentation for positioning assists in developing a product's unique selling proposition, thus facilitating a stronger connection with targeted customer segments. Without proper market segmentation, product positioning may become less effective and could result in wasted marketing efforts.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "JhhjMPTNb646aQKlS_cji": {
+    "title": "Case Studies",
+    "description": "Case studies play a pivotal role in exhibiting the efficiency of a product and its potential value in the lives of customers. For Product Managers, understanding case studies in positioning is invaluable. It allows them to comprehend how a product fits into a market, how it behaves in relation to competitors, and how it meets customer needs. These case studies provide insights into the real-world application and results of strategic positioning, enabling Product Managers to devise more effective strategies that attract target customers and build lasting brand value.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "l-KrmCOKEfpLHq4j-9SoY": {
+    "title": "Vision & Mission",
+    "description": "A critical aspect of a Product Manager's role is to understand, define and communicate the Vision and Mission of their product. The Vision is the long-term goal, reflecting what the product aims to achieve or become in the future. This provides a strategic direction that aligns all stakeholders. The Mission, on the other hand, is a tactical plan detailing how the product will achieve this Vision. It involves specific, actionable objectives that can be assessed and adjusted periodically. Together, the Vision and Mission guide the Product Manager in making decisions, prioritizing actions and inspiring the team.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "DnKHDm0TZ7QQUyrhPdqkV": {
+    "title": "Statement",
+    "description": "As a Product Manager, an integral part of your responsibility revolves around defining and understanding the Vision and Mission statement of the product you are managing. These statements not only align the team and the organization with a specific goal, but they also provide a roadmap of the larger purpose that the product aims to serve in the most succinct way possible. A clear and motivating Vision and Mission statement can lead to empowered teams and efficient decision-making processes. The Vision depicts the ultimate goal of the product, where it aspires to be. The Mission, on the other hand, focuses on the present, defining the purpose of the product, the why and the how behind its existence. Gaining a deep understanding of these statements becomes an essential aspect of successful product management.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "ZCTSbMHAMSaOxlqaJImzr": {
+    "title": "Proposition",
+    "description": "As a critical cog in the wheel, a Product Manager is closely entwined with the strategic development of the product's proposition under the company's vision and mission. This involves understanding and aligning the product's value proposition with the overarching business objectives. A well-articulated proposition gives direction to the product development process, influences the marketing strategies, and contributes to creating a product that rings true to the brand promise. The role of the Product Manager here is multifaceted—they contribute to defining, refining, and maintaining this proposition while ensuring it's in sync with the customers' needs and market trends. They also act as a crucial link between various stakeholders, including leadership, technical teams, and customers.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "8srsCEv55zh1y4gsp-rCO": {
+    "title": "Capabilities",
+    "description": "The role of a Product Manager is multifaceted and one important aspect of that role revolves around setting and understanding the vision and mission. A vision is a long-term goal or aspiration for a product and encompasses the overall direction or strategy for the product. Conversely, a mission statement focuses more on the present, describing the purpose of the product and who it serves. These aspects help drive the decision-making process in product management. Product Managers utilize these tools to align the product team and the company as a whole. They make strategic decisions and formulate plans based on the foundation set by the vision and mission. By leveraging these capabilities, Product Managers are able to make informed decisions that propel the product towards success.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "eKJ2XfDxu0NAKA932tbzy": {
+    "title": "Solved Constraints",
+    "description": "The role of a Product Manager extends to managing and solving constraints regarding a product's vision & mission. The mission is the purpose that propels the product towards its ultimate goal, while the vision outlines where the organization or product aims to be in the future. The complexities lie in the constraints that might hinder the product's way to achieve its vision and mission. These constraints could be technical, financial, time-bound, resource-based, and more. The Product Manager's responsibility is to identify these constraints, design strategies to overcome them, and effectively implement those strategies, thereby channeling energy in alignment with the product's mission and vision.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "wuqZntn1ivkr9AV_09zYX": {
+    "title": "Future Constraints",
+    "description": "As a product manager, one has to deal with various constraints while building a product strategy which aligns with the company's vision and mission. Future Constraints under Vision & Mission dives into these upcoming limitations or challenges that may impede the pursuit of the organization’s goals. These could range from technical or resource limitations, to market changes, regulatory environments and competitive forces. To successfully design and deliver products, understanding these future constraints is vital for a Product Manager. This allows them to proactively plan and devise effective strategies to tackle potential issues, ensuring the product direction remains aligned with the organization's vision and mission.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "uXseNTJlteD6Fgi1bzQB4": {
+    "title": "Reference Materials",
+    "description": "When considering the role of a Product Manager, one must appreciate the crucial impact of \"Reference Materials under Vision & Mission\". These materials comprise everything from project proposals and business plans to company strategy documents and competitors' analysis reports. They serve as a factual and thematic basis for a product manager's day-to-day decisions and long-term strategic planning. Understanding the company’s vision and mission is a foundational requirement for a product manager since they act as a guiding compass for all product development activities, ensuring alignment of all efforts towards achieving the company's goals.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "zS_CjYSTOIkJZn-oUEvgh": {
+    "title": "Narrative",
+    "description": "A Product Manager, in their role, often stands as the conduit linking different business components, including customers, sales, marketing, and engineering. A crucial aspect of this role involves crafting the narrative under the Vision & Mission of their product. This narrative is a strategically designed story that brings to life, the product's purpose, its potential market impact, and the roadmap to its success. The narrative not only sets the direction for the team but it also helps stakeholders understand the product’s strategic importance. From illustrating the product's value proposition to external audiences to aligning internal teams, a solid, compelling narrative, shaped by the Product Manager, is crucial in defining and driving a product’s vision and mission.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "n2AYdM2dlJfuZ97jXY49U": {
+    "title": "Defining Goals",
+    "description": "As a Product Manager, defining goals is a critical aspect of your role. Having clear, well-defined goals crafting the strategic roadmap for your product. This involves identifying the desired outcomes or changes that need to be achieved within a specified timeline. These encompass various facets including market share, revenue, user experience and product functionality among others. Setting these goals requires a combination of data-driven insights, understanding of market trends and user feedback. Ultimately, these goals will serve as the guiding points for the development teams and stakeholders, streamlining efforts towards the shared vision. Your ability to articulate these goals effectively, will directly influence the success of the product.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "tmlFCmEuYpcUnt8VvVP9R": {
+    "title": "Target",
+    "description": "These goals specify a clear and quantifiable objective that the product aims to achieve, such as increasing user engagement by 20% within six months.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "GPRqshiha8Pi4a4ImW8-5": {
+    "title": "Baseline",
+    "description": "These goals aim to maintain or improve the current level of performance, such as keeping customer satisfaction scores above a certain threshold.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "s8mK1llA32B69_rzOwcwN": {
+    "title": "Trend",
+    "description": "These goals focus on leveraging or reversing observed trends, such as accelerating a growing user adoption rate or halting a declining market share.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "E1yPzEhssJWMDLeSiL4cj": {
+    "title": "Timeframe",
+    "description": "These goals set a deadline for achieving specific outcomes, such as launching a new feature by the end of Q3 or completing a market analysis within two weeks.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "6OjKcLbUZVJdUDC7if0Uy": {
+    "title": "Value Proposition",
+    "description": "As a product manager, understanding, defining, and communicating your product's value proposition is vital. It refers to the unique value that a product or service provides to a customer, highlighting the reasons why they should choose your product over competitors. It's a differentiator that sets your product apart and communicates the additional benefits that customers would receive. A compelling value proposition aligns with customer needs and demands, positions your product fittingly in the market, and serves as a foundation for the product strategy and roadmap.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "1j2ZSo7UGnBgoLpYzsA5t": {
+    "title": "Defining Value Proposition",
+    "description": "The Value Proposition serves as the foundation for a product manager's strategy, directly influencing the design, development, and marketing decisions of a product. By defining the unique value your product brings to the market, you communicate its benefits, solve customers' problems, and outdo competitors. A well-articulated value proposition is crucial as it affects every aspect of your product—from conception to final sale. For a product manager, understanding and continually refining the value proposition can guide decision making, target key demographics more effectively, and increase overall user satisfaction.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "kjKUrKdtCM95VinlluKDS": {
+    "title": "Value Proposition Canvas",
+    "description": "The Value Proposition Canvas is an essential tool for Product Managers. It aids in understanding deeply about customer needs and ensuring that the product delivers on those. Essentially, it helps in aligning the product’s features with the customer's requirements and expectations. This powerful strategic management tool is used to comprehend customer segments, their challenges, and how the product can solve those. With its ability to identify the product-customer fit, it significantly reduces the risk associated with product failure and aids in the successful rollout of products.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "0AQj2F1n8VKHBwuF4ywrp": {
+    "title": "Value vs Features",
+    "description": "In the realm of product management, a key decision-making factor is striking a balance between value and features. Product managers are often caught in the dilemma of whether to focus more on increasing the number of features, making the product functionally rich, or to focus on the core value that a product would deliver to the user. While features may seem appealing and can act as selling points, it's the genuine value or solution to the customer's problem that tends to encourage satisfaction and loyalty. To make this complex decision, Product Managers often use strategies such as customer feedback, market research, competitor analysis, and various prioritization frameworks.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "xu8A_QKs6lXzKPMiifNF_": {
+    "title": "Finding Balance",
+    "description": "As a Product Manager, one vital skill required of you is understanding the balance between value and features. This revolves around prioritizing what features to implement based on the value they provide to the customer or user. It is about striking a balance; not all features will provide the same level of value, and understanding this is key to efficient resource allocation. You must maintain a focus on delivering value while also ensuring the product's features remain compelling and relevant to the target audience.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "GbFbURxIRD76kyR9vKfdg": {
+    "title": "Feature Creep",
+    "description": "Feature creep, also known as requirements creep or scope creep, is a term commonly used by product managers. It refers to the continuous expansion or accumulation of features in a product, that goes beyond its original scope and requirements. This can lead to project bloat and veer off the product from its intended course and business objectives. Despite the temptation to add more features to satisfy varied user requirements, a good product manager should keep a balance and manage feature creep effectively. The aim is not only to deliver a product that meets the users' needs, but also stays on schedule, within budget and aligned with the product vision.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "m46lX4dUHik_BSHQwaU2l": {
+    "title": "Strategic Thinking",
+    "description": "Strategic thinking is a critical competence for Product Managers. This involves the ability to think long-term, beyond immediate actions, to comprehend how various components influence each other within the big picture, as well as predicting potential outcomes. It's about identifying strengths and weaknesses, understanding opportunities and threats, planning for diverse scenarios, and making sound decisions. A Product Manager with strategic thinking skills effectively aligns product decisions with the broader organizational strategy, anticipates upcoming market trends, and maintains a competitive edge.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "qy_IXzenBOEVBMvVlXPaY": {
+    "title": "Competitive Strategy",
+    "description": "Product Managers play a crucial role in defining and implementing the competitive strategy of a product. This strategy is typically a long-term action plan for a company that identifies how to achieve a competitive advantage while meeting the needs of its customers. Product managers, with their deep understanding of the market, identify opportunities, understand competitors, and align the product to meet business goals and customers' needs. Strong strategic thinking aids in making informed decisions towards competitive positioning of the product, considering factors such as pricing, features, and marketing strategies.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "8CW_clQsc6SC4piQ3__0I": {
+    "title": "Five Forces Analysis",
+    "description": "Five Forces Analysis, developed by Michael E. Porter, is a critical tool that a Product Manager can utilize to understand the competitive forces within the industry and help inform product development strategy. This analysis includes five different forces: potential new entrants, substitute products or services, bargaining power of buyers, bargaining power of suppliers and competitive rivalry. By thoroughly examining these areas, a Product Manager can uncover opportunities, mitigate challenges, and position the product to achieve sustainable profitability. It also supports crucial decisions around pricing, marketing, and development prioritization. Thus, mastering Five Forces Analysis is fundamental for successful product management.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "tTUp4GQHvjLZYkySasQFE": {
+    "title": "Competetive Advantage",
+    "description": "Competitive advantage stands at the core of a product manager's role and responsibilities. A competitive advantage ensures that a product or service has unique attributes that set it apart from rival offerings, providing a strategic advantage in the market. A product manager must understand and leverage this unique value proposition to attract, retain, and potentially expand the customer base. Thus, competitive advantage is essential for creating strategies, defining the roadmap, making crucial product decisions, and driving growth.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "jWU_odHoQYk3GKCPoRV2n": {
+    "title": "Strategic Partners",
+    "description": "In the role of a Product Manager, a crucial aspect is managing and guiding strategic partners. Strategic partners are organizations or individuals that a company forms alliance with to mutually develop, promote, and distribute products or services. For a product manager, this involves understanding the capabilities of potential partners, determining how to leverage their strengths for the product's growth, as well as maintaining a positive and productive relationship with them throughout the product lifecycle. This could range from sourcing raw materials to providing distribution network or even technological support, depending on the nature of the product. In brief, strategic partners significantly contribute in shaping the product's roadmap, influencing its performance in the market, and advancing overall business objectives.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "1M6WpW1wbJcXMb3nf10U2": {
+    "title": "Identify Partners",
+    "description": "Identifying partners is a critical element in the role of a Product Manager. This refers to the process of discovering and aligning with other individuals, teams, or organizations that can assist in boosting the product's value proposition. This is achieved either by improving its features, outreach, access to resources, or customer adaptations. A strategic alliance can streamline the process of product development and provide access to niche markets and specialized technologies. Solid partnerships can amplify the potential of the product, save resources and time, and provide a competitive advantage in a saturated market landscape.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "vXnf1AcMidLww5EypChWk": {
+    "title": "Managing Partnerships",
+    "description": "Product Managers often work at the intersection of business, technology, and user experience. An integral part of their role includes managing partnerships. This involves identifying and fostering strategic partnerships that can aid the company in achieving its business goals, optimizing product performance, and enhancing market reach. Relationships can range from technology partners, distribution affiliates, to marketing collaborators. Effective partnership management needs insightful planning, excellent communication and strong negotiation skills. It provides a powerful platform for increasing competitive advantage, gaining access to essential resources and expanding customer base.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "0tJ7zlgOIaioCMmVavfqz": {
+    "title": "Product Requirements",
+    "description": "Product requirements are a vital component in the realm of product management. They represent the critical elements, features, and functionalities that a product must possess to meet the needs and expectations of customers, stakeholders, and the business itself. Product Managers hold the responsibility to define, document, and communicate these requirements effectively with all parties involved. This process involves understanding customer needs, market trends, and technical feasibility, translating these understandings into well-defined requirements for the development teams. Thus, mastering the art of product requirements is an essential skill for a successful Product Manager.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "0FqpBfvnkGN_oE2KSC-_8": {
+    "title": "Writing PRDs",
+    "description": "In the realm of product management, writing Product Requirement Documents (PRDs) serves as a crucial part of the job. This activity involves detailing and articulating the product’s purposes, features, and functionalities. PRDs become a roadmap that guides the design and development team. As a Product Manager, you play a pivotal role in crafting a well-structured PRD, ensuring it clearly communicates the product's vision to stakeholders and enables seamless product development.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "kN-UfAbQ8j7g0jDdqWK55": {
+    "title": "User Stories",
+    "description": "For a product manager, understanding user stories is an essential part of defining product requirements. A user story is a tool used in Agile development that captures a description of a product feature from an end-user perspective. User Stories helps the product manager not only in understanding and noting down the user's perspective but also in communicating this perspective to the design and development teams efficiently. User stories depict the type of user, what they want, and why, giving the team a clear focus of what needs to be accomplished. Therefore, as a product manager, utilizing user stories can lead to products that meet user expectations and demands effectively.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "B9fgJmzVViaq7dvSuEglb": {
+    "title": "Job Stories",
+    "description": "The concept of Job Stories is a tool integral to a Product Manager's dynamic role. Structured differently from traditional user stories, Job Stories shift the focus from personas to the situation, providing a fresh perspective for understanding user requirements. They provide an opportunity for product managers to emphasize the context and causality of user needs. This perspective plays a crucial role in creating successful products and ensuring they deliver value to the end-users. Teleriking why and when someone uses the product opens avenues for actionable insights leading to judicious decision-making in defining product requirements.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "gS3ofDrqDRKbecIskIyGi": {
+    "title": "Product Roadmap",
+    "description": "The product roadmap is a strategic document that provides a detailed overview of the product's direction and vision. It outlines the product's plans, both tactical and strategic - including the specific steps necessary to achieve the company's goals and vision. As a Product Manager, you are expected to guide the creation of the product roadmap, communicating the product’s evolution to the team, stakeholders, and customers. This tool serves as an essential reference point helping to align all stakeholders with the key priorities and vision of the product, and acts as a guide for decisions around product development.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "eiqV86PWizZPWsyqoBU5k": {
+    "title": "Creating a Roadmap",
+    "description": "A product manager plays an essential role in setting a strategic direction for the products they are tasked with guiding. An integral part of this role is creating a product roadmap. This key document outlines the vision, direction, and progress of the product over time. It is a detailed plan that explains how the product is likely to grow, the strategy behind it, and the steps necessary to achieve its development goals. It is imperative for a product manager to create and maintain a product roadmap, as it provides a clear path for everyone involved and sets realistic expectations regarding the product's evolution. The roadmap keeps the product manager, the development team, stakeholders, and customers on the same page, allowing for seamless collaboration and effective decision-making.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "k7Zv7IS9y-jkI_zGrBQG3": {
+    "title": "Prioritising Features",
+    "description": "The role of a Product Manager often necessitates the task of prioritising features in a product’s development roadmap. This pivotal process involves identifying what features or enhancements will serve the product, business, and customers best, considering the balance of business viability, technical feasibility, and customer desirability. Numerous methodologies can be applied to feature prioritisation, including the MoSCoW method, RICE scoring, or the Kano model, each influencing the order of feature implementation. Perfecting this process can lead to improved resource allocation, better product releases, and maximized customer satisfaction.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "qGvHqOSTPyVKll4mMVk7i": {
+    "title": "Continuous Roadmapping",
+    "description": "In the dynamic world of product development, a Product Manager needs to utilize effective strategies to navigate the fluctuating market needs and demands. Continuous Roadmapping is an essential tool that allows for flexible and adaptable planning in line with these changes. Under this methodology, product managers continually adapt and update the product roadmap as new information, data, and feedback become available. This enables them to respond proactively to shifts in business goals, customer needs, and the market landscape, ensuring that the product remains relevant and competitive, while aligning its development with the brand's strategic objectives.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "1uAfy3ISLKGmLirvIfzfE": {
+    "title": "Outcome-Based Roadmaps",
+    "description": "Outcome-Based Roadmaps refers to the strategic planning approach of focusing on the desired results of an organization or project rather than the specific tasks or features to be completed. For a Product Manager, creating outcome-based roadmaps requires a top-down approach, putting the focus on solving problems and achieving objectives over defining strict specifications or tasks. This allows for more flexibility and innovation in product development and strategy. It also necessitates a deep understanding of customer needs, the ability to articulate clear goals and progression metrics, and the skill to collaborate with cross-functional teams to see those goals to fruition.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "NjLt_B_kV7FdnkOomqayx": {
+    "title": "Communicating the Roadmap",
+    "description": "An essential role of a Product Manager involves communicating the product roadmap. This strategic document delineates the vision, direction, priorities, and progress of a product over time. It is paramount that this roadmap is communicated effectively to various stakeholders including team members, leadership, clients, and investors. This not only sets appropriate expectations but also ensures that everyone associated with the product is on the same page. The successful alignment increases the chance of product success and reduces the scope of misunderstandings and delays. For a Product Manager, mastering this communication is key to leading a product effectively.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "lq5Hl1ZXBQRRI_4ywn7yA": {
+    "title": "Backlog Management",
+    "description": "Backlog Management is a critical aspect in the role of a Product Manager. It involves organizing and prioritizing a list of tasks or features - known as the \"backlog\" -that are required for the development of a product. Effective backlog management ensures that the product team is working on the most valuable features at the right time, thereby maximizing the product's value and reducing time to market. It requires continuous collaboration with stakeholders, balancing business needs with technical feasibility, and strategically planning to meet short and long term objectives.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "Slb0P_LVdl7-GzUqbO33c": {
+    "title": "Prioritization Techniques",
+    "description": "Prioritization Techniques are the key strategies implemented by product managers to determine where to allocate resources and focus development efforts. These techniques help in identifying the most valuable and impactful features, products, and projects to undertake. Since time, budget, and resources are limited, it is crucial to prioritize works that align with the business objectives, customer needs, and market trends. These techniques can range from simple to sophisticated; including methods like the Eisenhower Matrix, RICE scoring, Weighted Shortest Job First (WSJF), and more. Mastering these techniques facilitates a product manager in making informed decisions and delivering maximum value to the customers and the business.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "sqxgqfxWMluhWtCWN8spG": {
+    "title": "Grooming Sessions",
+    "description": "In the realm of product management, grooming sessions are a crucial part of the Agile product development process. Also known as backlog refinement or story-time sessions, they help product managers, along with the development team, prioritise and refine the product backlog to ensure smooth execution of product delivery. During grooming sessions, product manager clarifies doubts about product backlog items, re-orders them based on business or technical priority and often breaks down large user stories into smaller, manageable tasks. They are integral in maintaining a well-organised, clear and up-to-date product roadmap.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "3JY85Tu40ABy9XfoliaqE": {
+    "title": "User Story Mapping",
+    "description": "User Story Mapping is a crucial practice product managers adopt under the broad area of backlog management. This strategic process encourages the development team and stakeholders to have a collaborated understanding of the product or application, as it aligns them into visualization and diagraming of user activities. User Story Mapping provides a structured approach to defining user interactions with the product, assisting Product Managers to prioritize requirements, and ultimately leading to a product that meets the needs of the users effectively. This approach allows the product manager to set realistic goals, enable seamless team collaboration, and ensure an efficient project schedule that captures the product's functionality from the user's perspective.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "-lFYy5W1YqWuTiM3QRF4k": {
+    "title": "UX / UI Design",
+    "description": "UX (User Experience) and UI (User Interface) design are integral parts of product management. A product manager often works closely with UX/UI designers to ensure that the product not only meets the functional requirements but also provides a seamless and engaging user experience. UX design focuses on the overall feel of the product, ensuring it solves problems for users effectively and provides a positive experience. On the other hand, UI design concentrates on the aesthetics of the product – its look and feel, responsiveness, and interactivity. Understanding UX/UI design is vital for a product manager as it heavily influences user satisfaction and product success.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "TwL-EqDorSgUpBYr4O4rf": {
+    "title": "Principles of UX Design",
+    "description": "When it comes to product development, one of the key roles a Product Manager must understand is the Principles of UX Design. UX (User Experience) Design is an intricate part of product management which aims at creating a streamlined and satisfying experience for the user interacting with a product. These principles guide designers and product managers alike in crafting products that aren't just functional but highly engaging. The skill of grasping these principles often separates successful products from the rest. A good understanding of UX Design principles helps product managers to maintain a user-focused approach throughout the product's life cycle, ensuring its viability in the market.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "zwrmh-djneZ8HIqbaBOkN": {
+    "title": "Wireframing and Prototyping",
+    "description": "Wireframing and prototyping form an essential part of product development, especially in the domain of UX / UI Design. For a Product Manager, understanding these processes serves as a crucial tool in enabling them to visualize the path of the user interface before it is fully developed.\n\nA wireframe is a basic, visual guide used to suggest the layout of fundamental elements in a web or mobile application. This serves as a skeleton for the structure of the app. The prototype, however, is a more comprehensive and interactive model of the product.\n\nBy integrating wireframing and prototyping within the design process, a Product Manager can test the product before the development phase, reduce unforeseen costs and changes, improve collaboration with stakeholders, and ultimately, ensure customer satisfaction.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "yPtxGBDEJkFBhF8ZgQUVH": {
+    "title": "Design Thinking",
+    "description": "As a Product Manager, understanding and utilizing Design Thinking in the context of UX / UI is a crucial aspect of the job. This innovative, solution-based approach to problem-solving allows Product Managers to create user-centered product designs that meet both user needs and business goals flawlessly. By incorporating Design Thinking, Product Managers can better empathize with the user, define the problem effectively, ideate creative solutions, prototype, and test the results, all contributing towards delivering a superior product. It's a process that emphasizes collaboration, user feedback, and iteration, thereby ensuring the product is continually refined and improved upon.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "lxU25qxxgxnNF3c3kdZxz": {
+    "title": "Service Design",
+    "description": "Service Design refers to the process of planning and organizing a business's resources (people, infrastructure, materials, etc.) to directly improve the service's quality, interactions between service provider and clients, and the customer's experience. For a Product Manager, it's a crucial practice as it gives them a broader understanding of their product's lifecycle and interactions with the end users. This process aids in crafting or refining products to ensure alignment with customer needs and provide superior user experience.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "S_-9msr3vGZgOQ36zErnf": {
+    "title": "Interaction Design",
+    "description": "Interaction Design is a key discipline within the field of Product Management. It focuses on the design and creation of digital interfaces and systems with which human users interact. As a product manager, mastery in interaction design is critical because the ease-of-use, intuitiveness, and satisfaction of a user's interaction with a product largely determine its success or failure. An Interaction-design-savvy product manager will strive to make sure the product offers a seamless user experience, ensuring it is aesthetically pleasing, easy to navigate, and delivers the desired functionality efficiently.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "v3hKowLMBVq9eCXkUhrDZ": {
+    "title": "User Testing",
+    "description": "User Testing is an essential responsibility for a product manager. In this process, the product manager ensures that the product developed by the team meets the users' needs and provides a good user experience. This is done by selecting representative users or personas, understanding the user's goals, implementing and planning test scenarios, facilitating the test and analysing the observed user behaviour. The feedback collected is then used to refine the product design, thus playing a significant part in shaping the product's road map and release cycle. Overall, User Testing provides invaluable insights that can often lead to significant improvements in the product.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "1uXjKKvOKqpO50m1pM627": {
+    "title": "Usability Testing",
+    "description": "Usability testing is a crucial aspect in a Product Manager's role. It essentially involves evaluating a product or feature by testing it with representative users. As a Product Manager, they must ensure that usability testing is performed at various stages of product development to understand and improve user satisfaction and experience. It provides direct input on how users use and perceive a product. Often, it is the Product Manager's responsibility to facilitate this process, from selecting suitable user groups to facilitating the sessions and analysing the results for future product iteration and improvement. Understanding usability testing allows Product Managers to identify any design problems and necessary improvements before full-scale product launch.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "Ws7IFrHQNoBjLE2Td2xIZ": {
+    "title": "A/B Testing",
+    "description": "A/B testing, otherwise known as split testing, is an essential statistical tool that is central to the responsibilities of a product manager. This method involves comparing two versions of a webpage, product feature, or user interface to determine which performs better according to certain metrics or goals. It allows product managers to make data-driven decisions and improve the product based on real user experiences and preferences. A solid understanding of A/B testing methods and application equips product managers with the ability to optimize user engagement, retention and conversion rates.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "5fze1aw1in3Gp3K31bvin": {
+    "title": "Remote User Testing",
+    "description": "Remote User Testing is a crucial aspect of the role of a Product Manager. This technique allows the validation of ideas, products, features, and updates with real users in their natural environment. This method of testing can provide invaluable insights into how users interact with a product, what challenges they might face, and what improvements can be made. For a Product Manager, implementing remote user testing into the development cycle can significantly aid in creating a user-centric product that meets the audience's needs and expectations. It is cost-effective, versatile, and applicable to a variery of stages in the product's lifecycle.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "sAu4Gr1hg8S4jAV0bOSdY": {
+    "title": "Agile Methodology",
+    "description": "Agile Methodology in product management refers to an iterative approach to project management and product development, where requirements and solutions evolve through collaboration among cross-functional teams. As a Product Manager, understanding Agile is essential since it not only speeds up the development process but also allows flexibility in response to changes. Agile can positively impact your product planning, product development, and customer feedback loop ensuring consistent improvement and value delivery.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "2r-NPGcROFmw-pd4rvsAJ": {
+    "title": "Working with Engineering Teams",
+    "description": "When it comes to the role of a Product Manager, effective collaboration with the engineering team is paramount. This involves fostering a strong communication culture, understanding technical constraints, and efficiently managing the product backlog. The relationship between a Product Manager and the engineering team can significantly influence the success of a product. Mutual respect, transparency and a clear understanding of roles and responsibilities help pave the way for a fruitful partnership.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "WNCVmFrpHW7rMaIzlLaXl": {
+    "title": "Scrum Basics",
+    "description": "The role of a Product Manager greatly correlates to the understanding and implementation of Scrum basics. Scrum is an agile framework that works towards delivering valuable products iteratively and incrementally. Scrum Basics cover a myriad range of concepts including, but not limited to, Scrum roles (Product Owner, Scrum Master, and the Development Team), Scrum artifacts (Product Backlog, Sprint Backlog, and Product Increment) and Scrum ceremonies (Sprint Planning, Daily Standup, Retrospective, etc.). An effective Product Manager is expected to thoroughly comprehend these components to smoothly manage projects, optimize product value and efficiently deal with complex situations, ensuring product success.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "kJ2HQFEsnc5yISU8d9Lla": {
+    "title": "Kanban Basics",
+    "description": "As a Product Manager in the fast-paced environment of technological innovation, being aware of and proficient in Agile methodology and specifically, the Kanban basics, is crucial. Originated in Toyota production system, Kanban is a visual tool that effectively supports the management of a product as it goes through its lifecycle. For a Product Manager, understanding Kanban basics implies being able to streamline workflow, limit work-in-progress and visualize work, thereby optimizing the efficiency of a team and the production timeline. Simply put, Kanban helps in managing work by balancing demands with available capacity, and improving the handling of system-level bottlenecks.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "bu-xm-L1XJgIPAFs2PieE": {
+    "title": "Sprint Planning",
+    "description": "In the role of a Product Manager, sprint planning is a fundamentally important aspect that dives into the management of product development in short 'sprints', or phases. It's a collaborative event in agile development where the team determines the product work that can be completed in the upcoming sprint. This essentially involves having the team understand the project's goals and scope from the Product Manager's perspective, direct stakeholders' input, and then translating these into concrete tasks for developers. Sprint Planning thus helps to ensure that everyone is on the same page and that development is effectively prioritized and focused.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "BzgGJbXIwQb0yR2ZMCmul": {
+    "title": "Daily Standups",
+    "description": "Daily standups, also known as daily scrum meetings, are a crucial part of a Product Manager's role in an Agile framework. They function as short, highly focused meetings where each team member summarizes their work since the last standup, their plan until the next one, and any obstacles encountered. For a Product Manager, participating and sometimes facilitating these meetings not only offers a clear view of the project's progress, but also helps in identifying and eliminating potential impediments for the team.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "AkKl7PrIPrIqXnss88v18": {
+    "title": "Retrospectives",
+    "description": "Retrospectives, also known as \"retros\", play an essential role in the life of a Product Manager. These are regular meetings where the team reflects on the past cycle of work, discussing what went well and where improvements should be made. For Product Managers, retrospectives provide an opportunity to assess the effectiveness of product strategies, to understand challenges faced during implementation, and to glean insights for future planning. These sessions are critical for continuous improvement, fostering a culture of transparency, and ensuring alignment across the team.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "mm5yvAaROsbwDgQUfnqyl": {
+    "title": "Minimum Viable Product (MVP)",
+    "description": "The Minimum Viable Product (MVP) is a crucial concept in the realm of product management. As a Product Manager, one is often tasked with defining and overseeing the development of the MVP. This refers to a version of a new product that allows a team to collect the most amount of validated learnings about customers with the least amount of effort. The principal advantage lies in understanding the interest and needs of the customers while saving time and resources. An effectively defined MVP can provide significant market insights, improve user experience in the final product, and increase likelihood for a successful product launch.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "53XS2zKdK6IDdOP07yiT7": {
+    "title": "Go-to-Market Strategy",
+    "description": "A Go-to-Market (GTM) strategy is an action plan that specifies how a product manager will reach target customers and achieve a competitive advantage. It serves as a blueprint that guides companies in introducing their products to the market. For a product manager, the GTM strategy is not just about product launch, it includes understanding the market dynamics, customer needs, creating marketing and sales strategies, and post-launch activities like customer service. An effective GTM strategy can help product managers ensure a successful product launch and strong market presence.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "PbhuFKsVNO6xGJHqXCwFl": {
+    "title": "Launch Planning",
+    "description": "The role of a Product Manager is central to launch planning. It involves designing and executing a strategic plan to introduce a new product or feature to the market. In order to ensure the success of the product, a Product Manager needs to collaborate with various departments such as design, development, sales, marketing, and customer service. They are responsible for setting the timeline, allocating resources, identifying target consumers, and setting price points. This requires a detailed understanding of the market, competitors, and the unique value proposed by their product. Launch planning is a critical phase in the product life cycle and its success greatly determines the trajectory of the product in the market.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "YYo_7lmTw7h74Y4J5pp-_": {
+    "title": "Marketing Strategies",
+    "description": "A Product Manager's job involves more than just overseeing the development of a product. They also play a crucial role in developing and implementing effective marketing strategies that align with the product’s goals and target market. This aspect involves understanding the market dynamics, competition, and user trends. Product Managers are responsible for translating these insights into strategies that drive the marketing campaigns, influence product positioning, branding, and promotion. It also includes measuring the success of every marketing initiative and tweaking plans as necessary to ensure the product’s success.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "wWWcIfPDGB92ed-1kV-uj": {
+    "title": "Growth Hacking",
+    "description": "Growth hacking is a pivotal concept that product managers must be familiar with in order to effectively strategize and achieve business growth. As a concept, growth hacking leverages data-driven and unconventional marketing strategies to help boost product growth. For a product manager role, understanding growth hacking means utilizing the principles to conceive effective marketing strategies that accelerate the product's market performance and user base. Market understanding, creativity, analytical thinking, and data insights are key elements of growth hacking a product manager needs to grasp.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "VqNK1rNAnr_yvi_a0YZEs": {
+    "title": "Release Strategies",
+    "description": "Release strategies play a critical role in the responsibilities of a Product Manager. Essentially, a release strategy defines the plan for the distribution of the final version of a product. The role of the Product Manager here is to ensure that new releases deliver on the product vision while meeting business objectives. They must carefully plan and manage product releases, outlining what features will be delivered, deciding on the release date, coordinating the teams involved and ensuring the product is effectively launched into the market. An effective release strategy is crucial to achieve the product goals and maximize the value delivered to the customers and business alike.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "7BCnM9A9PwYqsLmcNVfvt": {
+    "title": "Feature Toggles",
+    "description": "Feature toggles, also known as feature flags, are a powerful technique giving product managers an advanced control over the features of the product which are visible to specific users. It allows teams to modify a software system's behavior without necessarily changing the code. Feature toggles provide the flexibility of enabling or disabling certain parts of the application, facilitating testing, continuous deployment and facilitating roll-out or roll-back of features. As a product manager, understanding the use of feature toggles is crucial in efficiently managing the release process and reducing risks associated with deploying new features.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "8_VCWpSZkRWmsD1_thMYS": {
+    "title": "Phased Rollouts",
+    "description": "Phased rollouts refer to the strategy of gradually introducing a new product or service in the market. As a Product Manager, adopting a phased rollout approach is crucial as it allows the identification and resolution of potential issues in real-time, without impacting the entire user base. Additionally, it provides an opportunity to garner early feedback for improvements before a product is fully launched to the entire market. This strategy helps in minimizing risks as well as ensuring a smooth user experience. The valuable insights gained during this process aids the Product Manager in refining the product and building better solutions.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "aCoVHIAZllwKckkkwExR7": {
+    "title": "Dark Launches",
+    "description": "Dark Launches are a valuable strategy in product management. Essentially, they refer to the release of features to a subset of users before the official launch. These unannounced releases, invisible to the majority of users, provide product managers crucial data about how the feature functions in a live environment. They enable product managers to observe real user interactions, gather feedback, identify bugs and areas of improvement prior to a broad scale rollout. This greatly reduces the risk of encountering major issues post-launch and helps ensure a smoother user experience, making dark launches a critical weapon in a product manager's arsenal.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "RfllpwFxWBeHF29oUwGo_": {
+    "title": "Key Product Metrics",
+    "description": "Key Product Metrics are essential parameters that Product Managers use to measure the performance and success of a product. These set of metrics help understand the usage, engagement, and overall value of a product to its users. Product Managers rely on these insights to inform their decision-making process, prioritize features, identify areas for improvement and evaluate the impact of changes made to the product. From user acquisition and retention rate to churn rate and time spent on product, choosing the right metrics is vital for driving growth and achieving product goals.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "g2EgVtqwQxLfjBjomUqcU": {
+    "title": "DAU (Daily Active Users)",
+    "description": "For a Product Manager, understanding the significance of DAU or Daily Active Users is crucial. DAU is a key product metric used in the tech industry to measure the success of a product. It refers to the number of unique individuals who interact with a product or service on a daily basis. This insight helps product managers understand how compelling and sticky a product is and provides valuable data for making strategic product decisions. Monitoring and analyzing DAU trends can assist in identifying potential issues, measuring user engagement, or capturing growth opportunities.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "Sbi5Y72nU_B1Jk6xNp17u": {
+    "title": "MAU (Monthly Active Users)",
+    "description": "MAU (Monthly Active Users) is a critical performance metric that product managers often use to gauge the user engagement and growth of a digital product such as a mobile app, a SaaS product, or a website. It refers to the unique users who engage with the product at least once within a month. As a product manager, understanding the MAU helps in designing effective marketing strategies, making product enhancements, and ultimately driving the product's success.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "avkgeNNVQOCE7dvEKFVZv": {
+    "title": "Conversion Rate",
+    "description": "The Conversion Rate is a crucial product metric for any Product Manager. It is the percentage of users who complete a desired action on a product or service, such as making a purchase, signing up for a trial, or subscribing to a newsletter. Monitoring conversion rates allows Product Managers to understand how effectively their product is meeting target audience needs, achieving business goals, and driving desired customer behaviors. It helps in identifying areas of improvement, opportunities for growth, and impact of changes on user interactions.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "mfG1UheUwzO8dbS4oglgo": {
+    "title": "Retention Rate",
+    "description": "For a product manager, understanding the retention rate is integral to making key business decisions. This metric refers to the percentage of customers who continue to use a specific product over a given time period. By closely monitoring the retention rate, product managers can gauge the degree to which the product, application, or service meets the needs and expectations of consumers. Low retention rates may indicate dissatisfaction or competition, while high retention rates can suggest user satisfaction and loyalty. Understanding this figure can provide insights into changes that can improve customer engagement and satisfaction, making it a vital aspect of a product manager's role.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "jRWVaNpTfBXVjpi4WNT7H": {
+    "title": "Churn Rate",
+    "description": "Churn Rate is a pivotal term in the world of Product Manager. While understanding key product metrics, the term churn plays a significant role. It is the measurement of the percentage of customers or users who leave a product over a given period of time, divided by remaining customers. For example, if you start your month with 100 users and end with 90, your churn rate is 10%. Keeping a low churn rate can signify that customer satisfaction is high, sustaining customer loyalty and fostering conditions for growth. As a Product Manager, understanding, measuring and acting to reduce churn rate is critical to product strategy and overall business sustainability.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "DB-dN0bfG29Xv_a8iV8Yg": {
+    "title": "LTV (Lifetime Value)",
+    "description": "The Lifetime Value (LTV) of a customer is a crucial metric for a Product Manager. In its simplest form, LTV is the total revenue a company can expect from a single customer over the duration of their relationship with the company. It's a long-term perspective that ties together the upfront costs of customer acquisition with the ongoing costs of retention and the revenue generated by the customer. With a deep understanding of LTV, Product Managers can make informed decisions about marketing spend, product development, customer retention strategies, and more.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "kVd36zDyjLvVG2Nw9gsXi": {
+    "title": "CAC (Customer Acquisition Cost)",
+    "description": "Customer Acquisition Cost (CAC) is a fundamental concept in business and specifically, a significant metric for Product Managers to monitor and optimize. Essentially, CAC is the total cost incurred to acquire a new customer, including all the product, research, marketing, and other associated costs. It provides valuable insight about the efficiency and effectiveness of a company's customer acquisition strategies. In the realm of a Product Manager, understanding and managing CAC is key to ensure that the product's value proposition is being communicated effectively, while also staying profitable and scalable. Hence, a detailed understanding and continuous tracking of CAC is an integral part of effective product management.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "MYKZIDHSIXr-69BdtFcNR": {
+    "title": "North Star Metric",
+    "description": "The North Star Metric is a pivotal element of product management, providing a guiding light for strategic decision-making. This critical value speaks to the core value that a product delivers its customers. As a product manager, identifying, tracking, and improving the North Star Metric is essential to cultivating product growth and enhancing user satisfaction. This metric shines a light on the product’s mission, assisting product managers in sharpening the focus on what truly matters for the product's success and lasting impact on users.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "eO7glnL0HixQYnoF3uvSW": {
+    "title": "Data-Driven Decision Making",
+    "description": "As a product manager, having a good grip on data-driven decision making is a pivotal skill to have. It is a process where decisions are made based on actual data rather than intuitions or observations. This process helps product managers evaluate where the product stands in terms of its effectiveness, performance, and reception in the market. Decisions are then made about the product's future based on this analysis - whether it needs improvements, new features, or a different marketing approach. By focusing on data-driven decision making, product managers can make choices that are more likely to bring in positive results and reduce risks associated with intuition-based decision making.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "V3yGVN7z_ihLkScO0_92_": {
+    "title": "A/B Testing",
+    "description": "The role of a Product Manager often requires making informed decisions to improve product performance and user experience. This is where A/B Testing, a vital aspect of data-driven decision making, comes into play. A/B Testing, also known as split testing, involves comparing two versions of a webpage, ad, or other product experience to see which performs better. It is a methodical approach that enables product managers to determine the impact of changes and make data-driven decisions. It helps reduce the inherent uncertainty in introducing new features or changes and is a key tool in the product manager's arsenal.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "APdoU9kzHEqpUgKGKfyp9": {
+    "title": "Cohort Analysis",
+    "description": "Cohort Analysis is a valuable tool in a Product manager's data-driven decision-making toolkit. This specific kind of analysis divides a product's user base into related groups. It's not strictly about the demographics, but rather the shared characteristics within a specific timeframe. These groups, or cohorts, could be determined by the users' behaviors, experiences, or traits. Understanding these cohorts and their behaviors proves to be crucial in identifying trends, predicting user actions, and innovating ways to improve overall user experience and product utility.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "YsDt5I0prvYeaFfn4_lpx": {
+    "title": "Predictive Analytics",
+    "description": "In today's fast-paced digital business landscape, it's imperative for a Product Manager to leverage data for driving effective decision-making. This is where Predictive Analytics comes into play. Predictive Analytics employs statistical algorithms and machine learning techniques to determine the likelihood of future outcomes based on historical data. For Product Managers, this powerful tool allows them to anticipate customer behavior and market trends, inform planning and prioritization, and ultimately enhance their product's value proposition. This proactive approach can markedly reduce risks while maximizing opportunities for enterprise growth and customer satisfaction.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "kirIe5QsxruRUbWGfQtbD": {
+    "title": "Feedback Loops",
+    "description": "Feedback loops play a vital role in product management. As a product manager, instituting a feedback loop in your workflow is essential in enhancing product quality, user satisfaction, and team performance. This iterative, systematic process involves various stakeholders, including customers, team members, to deliver their insights about the product or service. These insights are critical as they can significantly influence decision-making, product strategy, and future development. Understanding and implementing feedback loops lead to continuous improvement and guide a product manager in successfully driving the product towards its ultimate vision.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "5-4MXlRjH-4PlF2giZpVL": {
+    "title": "Communication Skills",
+    "description": "Communication Skills are crucial for a product manager as they act as the bridge between different stakeholders such as development, design, marketing, and executives. Effective communication enables a product manager to share their visions, align the team towards common goals, and articulate stakeholder needs clearly. These skills help to prevent misunderstandings and conflicts, ensuring the successful implementation of product strategies. Without efficient communication skills, a product manager will struggle to convey their ideas, which can ultimately lead to ineffective strategies and unsuccessful products.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "O5Ipa7PHeXUNEjQ6Mla7Y": {
+    "title": "Interpersonal",
+    "description": "Interpersonal skills are a quintessential requirement for a Product Manager. They involve the ability to effectively communicate, facilitate, empathize, and interact with different stakeholders. As a Product Manager, one has to frequently collaborate with diverse teams such as design, marketing, sales, and development. Hence, having robust interpersonal skills are critical for maintaining healthy relationships, overcoming hurdles, and driving successful product outcomes. They aid the Product Manager in gaining buy-in for strategic decisions, resolving conflicts, and leading the team towards a common vision.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "LPiCtvd00hWsCAefTIUxy": {
+    "title": "Business",
+    "description": "As a Product Manager, having a comprehensive understanding of the business is essential. Business knowledge can help the Product Manager to make better decisions regarding the product direction, market needs, and resource allocation. It encompasses having a clear understanding of the company's business model, financials, competitive environment, and corporate strategy. Furthermore, a business-oriented Product Manager can effectively balance the conflicting needs of the customers, the business, and the product, driving maximum value. This topic, `Business for Product Managers`, emphasizes the importance of business acumen for Product Managers.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "XGnJUxZu7_WnPkklvROon": {
+    "title": "Communication Techniques",
+    "description": "Product management is not just about understanding and planning products or services. As a Product Manager, mastering effective communication techniques is key to your success. This involves not only sharing your own ideas, but also actively listening, facilitating discussion, confronting issues, and influencing stakeholders. Mastering these skills helps to rally your team around a shared vision, keep stakeholders informed, and ensure that everyone is working toward the same objectives. This includes communication with diverse audiences such as development teams, designers, sales, marketing and alike. With effective communication techniques, a Product Manager can streamline collaboration, speed up decision-making, and avoid misunderstandings.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "iWCcvEEllfACoaXm5Ul5D": {
+    "title": "Difficult Conversations",
+    "description": "In the world of product management, navigating difficult conversations is an unavoidable part of the job. Product Managers often find themselves in challenging discussions with stakeholder, developers, sales teams, and even customers. These conversations can revolve around product expectations, timelines, resource allocation, and a multitude of other issues. Effectively handling these difficult talks while maintaining strong relationships is vital for a successful product journey. That's why, mastering the art of managing and resolving these talks in an efficient, respectful, and productive manner is an essential skill for every Product Manager.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "FwYc1942Z0_KYih0BQ1CL": {
+    "title": "Active Listening",
+    "description": "Active Listening is a fundamental skill for a Product Manager. It involves giving full attention to the speaker and showing interest in the information provided. This encompasses comprehending, retaining, and effectively responding to the speaker. For a Product Manager, Active Listening is crucial for understanding the requirements of customers, stakeholders, and team members. It enables a comprehensive understanding of user needs and promotes inclusive decision-making while formulating product strategies.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "sQvkXvluZHgTIGS7W3Fj4": {
+    "title": "Conflict Resolution",
+    "description": "As a critical element in the Product Manager's skillset, conflict resolution revolves around mediating disagreements and facilitating solutions that benefit all parties involved. Product Managers often need to balance varying views, conflicting priorities, and different personality types within cross-functional teams. As such, the ability to navigate and resolve conflicts effectively becomes essential for the progress of the product and the harmony of the work environment. Key elements of conflict resolution for Product Managers may include active listening, effective communication, problem-solving strategies and negotiation techniques.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "D5GXDeApGwjmLG2-KF2pr": {
+    "title": "Alignment & Buy-In",
+    "description": "Alignment and Buy-In is a crucial aspect of product management. As a Product Manager, one needs to ensure that the team is aligned with the product vision and roadmap. This involves gaining buy-in from key stakeholders, including those at higher levels (executives, CEOs) and those working on the product directly (designers, developers, etc). An effective Product Manager is skilled at presenting compelling arguments to win the support of different stakeholders, fostering a shared understanding of objectives, and ensuring that everyone is onboard and enthusiastic about the product's success. This dynamic involves communication, leadership, negotiation, and persuasion skills.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "XxeB3t8MjTbUzZj2hdKF3": {
+    "title": "Showing Impact",
+    "description": "As a Product Manager, one of the essential skills to possess is the ability to demonstrate the impact of the product in the market or to the organization. It involves quantifying and presenting the value and success created by the product through metrics such as sales, customer adoption, or even impact on brand, customer satisfaction, or social responsibility. Showing impact is not just about reporting success, it's also a valuable tool for securing resources, influencing stakeholders, shaping strategy, and fostering a performance-driven culture within the team and company. To effectively show impact, a Product Manager needs a deep understanding of the business model, the market, and the key performance indicators that actually matter to the organization and stakeholders.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "X-2mVBut_pn4o_fEGVrib": {
+    "title": "Managing Stakeholders",
+    "description": "As a Product Manager, managing stakeholders is one of the most essential and challenging aspects of your role. Stakeholders include anyone who has an interest in the product, its development, and its success. This could range from executive leadership and different teams within the company to clients, users, and even investors. Successful stakeholder management involves understanding the needs and concerns of stakeholders and effectively communicating with them, navigating conflicting interests, and managing expectations. It requires a balanced approach that ensures the interests of all stakeholders align with the overall product strategy and objectives.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "Cryuk9pCI3y78HDGv6TMK": {
+    "title": "Identifying Stakeholders",
+    "description": "As a Product Manager, it's crucial to identify key stakeholders who have a direct or indirect influence on the product's success. These stakeholders can include anyone from customers, team members, organizational leadership, to external business partners. Identifying stakeholders at an early stage can assist in getting their support, understanding their expectations, and mitigating any potential risks they may pose to the product life cycle. It's not only understanding who your stakeholders are, but also their interests, power dynamics, and their potential influence on the product’s success. This process is an essential foundation for effective stakeholder management and ensures alignment across the organization in terms of product vision and objectives.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "bHA-9gQhvjh40Cy8jbI9u": {
+    "title": "Stakeholder Mapping",
+    "description": "Stakeholder mapping is a crucial aspect of product management. It is the process by which a product manager identifies and categorizes the individuals or groups that have a vested interest in the product's development and its overall success. These stakeholders could be internal, such as team members, or external like clients, end-users or strategic partners, each bringing in their unique perspectives, expectations, and requirements. A well-conducted stakeholder mapping helps product managers better understand the influence and impact of each stakeholder, manage their expectations, and effectively communicate throughout the product life cycle.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "rvqZRvbt73BY5X98dA3Sq": {
+    "title": "Stakeholder Engagement",
+    "description": "Stakeholder engagement is an essential function for a product manager. It involves the identification, communication with, and management of individuals or groups who have an interest or are affected by the products being developed or managed. This could range from internal teams like design, development, and marketing to external entities like customers, partners, and regulators. A product manager must effectively engage stakeholders to understand their needs and concerns, gather valuable inputs, align the product vision, and eventually drive product success.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "QGAb7dQM052XPA0Ll-R1P": {
+    "title": "Remote Stakeholders",
+    "description": "The role of a Product Manager involves not only managing a product but also interacting and coordinating with diverse stakeholders. Working with remote stakeholders is a common scenario that Product Managers encounter in their work life. Stakeholders could range from engineers based in different locations, sales teams distributed globally, or even customers who could be states or continents away. The nuances of managing these remote stakeholders, understanding their requirements and expectations, communicating effectively despite time zone differences, and creating a synergy towards a common goal are crucial elements in the role of a Product Manager. Getting it right often results in well-executed projects and stellar products.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "XG-QBb--HXL-1r-jInYDN": {
+    "title": "Roadmapping Tools",
+    "description": "Every exceptional product manager understands the crucial role that product roadmaps play in the successful coordination and execution of product strategy. Roadmapping tools often come into play here, as they help simplify complex processes, while enhancing communication and transparency among teams. These tools deliver visually compelling, data-supported product maps, offering an easy-to-understand view of the prioritized features, projected timelines, strategic alignment, and progress tracking. By utilizing such applications, product managers are not only able to manage and communicate their strategy effectively, but also prioritize requests, track progress, and adjust plans based on insights.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "Yjxk2gUi5jQONeLzBaeJz": {
+    "title": "Project Management Tools",
+    "description": "As a Product Manager, the utilization of project management tools is vital to effectively oversee and organize various products within a project lifecycle. These tools aid in planning, delegation, tracking, and reporting of tasks, all of which are crucial in managing a product. They bring structure to large scale projects by providing a visual overview of progress, aligning team members, and ensuring timely completion. Whether it's cultivating roadmaps or highlighting dependencies, Project Management tools serve as an indispensable asset for Product Managers.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "lJ_7-oYaFWST8aBd5lIgM": {
+    "title": "Analytics Tools",
+    "description": "Product Managers, being key decision-makers in the product life cycle, need to have a deep understanding of their product’s performance. For this, they rely heavily on data. This is where Analytics Tools come into play. These tools provide critical insights into user behavior, product usage, and market trends, which help product managers to make data-driven decisions. They range from user analytics tools to business intelligence platforms, each providing different perspectives of data. Mastering these tools is a fundamental aspect of becoming an effective product manager.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "IAta7OX7pAxUzkFdHibY9": {
+    "title": "Communication Tools",
+    "description": "As a Product Manager, communication is a vital tool to effectively manage and execute projects. Product Managers usually deal with complex challenges, multiple stakeholder groups, and shifting priorities, thus the effective use of communication tools is crucial. Communication tools, such as emails, meetings, messaging apps, video conferencing tools, project management apps, and more, are used to ensure everyone on the team remains aligned on key objectives, deadlines, and deliverables. By leveraging these tools, a Product Manager can provide clear instructions, set expectations, collect feedback, and ensure transparency and collaboration among team members.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "70yvt_oKcadnjZgg8FtAh": {
+    "title": "Product Board",
+    "description": "Product Board is a strategic tool that serves as a backbone in the realm of product management. Known for its compelling visual environment, it is widely used to cater decision-making processes and hare insights about the product roadmap. It acts as a guidance system for product managers to prioritize the high-impact assignments and deliver meticulously crafted, user-centric products. Able to integrate with other popular platforms, Product Board offers a seamless user experience with its powerful features to bridge the gap between strategy, execution, and team alignment. Excellent facilitator for feedback management, user segmentation, and iterative planning, it is a must-have tool for every agile product manager.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "dr5BLjsZXk50R7vp3cMsu": {
+    "title": "Aha",
+    "description": "Aha, as a roadmapping tool, is an indispensable toolset in the arsenal of a Product Manager. It's a comprehensive product management suite that focuses on strategy and roadmapping. Its ability to build visual roadmaps, prioritize features, capture ideas, and define requirements makes it one of the most widely used product management tools. As a product manager, mastering Aha can enable you to envision and articulate strategic product plans while staying aligned with your company's goals.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "dk1YzX84UUe_es1x-dfp2": {
+    "title": "Notion",
+    "description": "As a Product Manager, Notion is an indispensable tool in your arsenal for creating roadmaps. This powerful platform is a combination of note-taking, database, project management, and much more. With Notion, you can track the progress of various product initiatives, communicate status updates to stakeholders, and clearly lay out the strategic path ahead. With its flexible, customizable interface and integrations with other useful tools, it is perfectly suited towards collating and synthesizing large amounts of information, which is central to effective product management. The visual nature of Notion's interface makes it particularly well suited for creating compelling, easy-to-understand roadmaps.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "EPQ4-cKr-RqJ457XniP6w": {
+    "title": "Jira",
+    "description": "The role of a product manager often calls for effective project management tools, and one of the most prominent among them is Jira. Developed by Atlassian, Jira is a versatile platform that allows product managers to plan, track, and release top-class software. It's cherished for its user-friendly interface and capabilities to create user stories, plan sprints, and distribute tasks across teams. As a product manager, understanding and utilizing Jira enhances the tracking of issues and workflows, aiding in efficient product development and team collaboration. Moreover, Jira's extensive features and customization options make it an indispensable tool in a product manager's arsenal.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "PIIGfDN6t8H6tXZuKuE04": {
+    "title": "Linear",
+    "description": "Linear is a powerful project management tool designed to help teams improve their productivity and efficiency. It helps organize, prioritize, and track tasks in one streamlined platform. For the role of a Product Manager, Linear is an essential tool that aids in managing and monitoring progress, evaluating performance, and ensuring the roadmap aligns with the strategic goals of the product. Product managers may utilize the functionalities of Linear to communicate with various stakeholders, delegate tasks, and manage product backlogs effectively. Its clean and user-friendly interface makes it easy for Product Managers to streamline their workflow and focus more on building high-quality products.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "SD98_s1ET_j2eIIKmcKRc": {
+    "title": "Trello",
+    "description": "Product management entails numerous responsibilities, among which is managing several tasks, teams and deadlines to make sure that products are developed and launched on time. To effectively manage these responsibilities, Product Managers often require robust Project Management Tools. One such tool is \"Trello\".\n\nTrello is an easy-to-use, highly visual tool that aids in organizing projects into boards. It provides an overview of what's being worked on, who is working on what, and how far they've proceeded with their tasks. For Product Managers, Trello can be a substantial asset in managing tasks, collaborating effectively with team members, and ensuring transparency in progress tracking. Overall, Trello can increase productivity and simplify the intricate nature of product management.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "Z5oorppEJ0ydvwMXSlk1J": {
+    "title": "Amplitude",
+    "description": "Amplitude is an exceptional analytical tool that offers in-depth insights about user behavior, allowing product managers to optimize their products based on real-time data. Equipped with features like funnel analysis, retention analysis, and user segmentation, Amplitude provides an essential understanding of how users interact with products. For product managers, understanding these interactions is crucial in decision-making, prioritizing product improvements, and enhancing the overall user experience. Thus, Amplitude serves as a valuable resource for Product Managers looking to drive product growth and maximize user engagement.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "xas-t2sAKmJNfb0-Zcpwy": {
+    "title": "Heap",
+    "description": "Heap Analytics is a robust solution for product managers looking to gain actionable insights into their product's usage and performance. It's a powerful analytics tool that allows the automatic capturing of every user interaction across the entire customer journey. From clicks and taps to form submissions and transactions, Heap captures all data without needing any pre-defined tracking set-up. As a Product Manager, understanding the value that Heap brings in effortlessly tracking user engagement and offering data-driven insights is integral for refining product decisions and driving the overall product strategy.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "y8Ys_WfPXLVfJngOLryGR": {
+    "title": "Looker",
+    "description": "Looker is a modern, cutting-edge data platform that provides robust tools for business analytics. As a Product Manager, understanding and utilizing Looker becomes significant since it enables data-driven decision-making. This tool facilitates comprehensive data exploration, interactive dashboard creation, and sharable reporting, which helps in managing product strategies effectively. Familiarity with Looker's capabilities thus empowers a product manager to explore markets, understand user behaviors, and ultimately define successful products.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "UdOJDzkDP_R3E5f_IltYh": {
+    "title": "Slack",
+    "description": "As a product manager, effective communication with different stakeholders is a crucial task. Slack emerges as an essential platform for this role. It is a cloud-based team collaboration tool that facilitates quick and efficient communication among team members, from developers and marketing professionals to various stakeholders. This platform also integrates with a variety of other tools that product managers use regularly, thereby acting as an operational hub for project management. Product managers can create channels on Slack for different projects or topics to ensure organized and focused conversations. It also supports direct messaging and file sharing which enhances day-to-day communication and coordination.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "z72akk5E5XjEuLraS9Gug": {
+    "title": "Teams",
+    "description": "In the landscape of product management, communication plays an extraordinary role and Microsoft Teams is one of the most pivotal communication tools in this aspect. A product manager often engages with diverse teams - engineering, design, marketing, sales, and more, ensuring coherence and alignment towards the product vision. The Microsoft Teams platform boosts this communication process, providing a centralized space for conversations, content, meetings, and tasks. Its features like chat, video meetings, file sharing, and integration with other tools significantly streamline collaboration and decision-making, which are integral to a product manager's role.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "e6gO1twjter9xWm14g9S9": {
+    "title": "Discord",
+    "description": "Discord is a widely used communication tool that is beginning to make its mark in the field of product management. It offers a secure and user-friendly platform with features that are quintessential for a Product Manager. With its rich text chats, voice channels, and ability to create multiple channels with different access levels, it ensures seamless communication within cross-functional teams. For Product Managers, Discord can be an essential collaboration tool that aids in the exchange of innovative ideas, constructive feedback, and bug reporting, thereby allowing them to design, plan, and execute with efficiency.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "oO-ujKApmpoQdkPEkOQG7": {
+    "title": "Identifying Risks",
+    "description": "Risk identification is a critical component in the role of a Product Manager. It involves determining potential threats that could negatively affect the success of a product. These risks could exist in various circumstances, including development, marketing, sales, or even post-launch.\n\nA Product Manager must be vigilant in recognizing these potential hazards as early as possible in the product lifecycle. This not only involves identifying the risks, but also analyzing and prioritizing them for further action. By doing so, the Product Manager aids in creating risk mitigation strategies, contributing to the overall product strategy and ensuring the success of the product in the market.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "0zRGIArMUe9xVDSKfnoHZ": {
+    "title": "Risk Identification Techniques",
+    "description": "Risk identification techniques are critical tools used by Product Managers to anticipate potential obstacles and take preventative measures in product development lifecycle. They involve various methods to identify possible risks that could negatively impact the realization of the product’s goals. Early detection of risks allows for proper risk management and mitigation, thus ensuring a smooth and successful product launch. These techniques can range from brainstorming sessions and scenario analysis to risk checklists and assessment workshops. Understanding these methodologies is vital for any Product Manager aiming for effective product management and successful project outcomes.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "WBnLicFo9p2zm57pyXciI": {
+    "title": "Risk Register",
+    "description": "The Risk Register is an important tool for Product Managers as it systematically identifies and manages potential issues that could negatively impact the outcome of a product's development. It consists of a log of potential risks, quantifying their impact, likelihood, and mitigation strategies. This essential document allows Product Managers to prioritize strategies, allocate resources more efficiently, and develop contingency plans. In essence, a Risk Register helps Product Managers to better anticipate, assess, and prepare for the potential bumps on the road to successful product delivery. It encourages a proactive rather than reactive approach to managing risk, contributing to overall product success.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "0uRTNYMwTU9JzvIWSvDSm": {
+    "title": "Risk Assessment",
+    "description": "Risk Assessment is an essential tool in the lifecycle of product management. It involves the identification and analysis of potential risks that could negatively impact key business initiatives or critical projects. As a Product Manager, understanding and managing these risks can not only prevent potential issues but also prepare the team with strategic solutions to counteract them. Implementing effective risk assessment can result in improved product quality, reduced costs, and increased stakeholder satisfaction. It is a dynamic process that should be revisited throughout the product development process to minimize threats and maximize opportunities.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "KXadmIkKJM0XLV4Qz0Stj": {
+    "title": "Qualitative Risk Assessment",
+    "description": "Qualitative Risk Assessment is a crucial aspect of a Product Manager's role. It involves evaluating potential risks according to their likelihood and potential impact, rather than using exact numerical measurements. This subjective assessment aids in prioritizing risks that could impact product development and helps implement necessary mitigation strategies. Product Managers need a profound understanding of qualitative risk assessment to successfully navigate the complexities of product management, ensuring the product's success while considering all possible risk factors.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "g0sBLcG8kEfeHHtsJSb4i": {
+    "title": "Quantitative Risk Assessment",
+    "description": "Product Managers are often required to make important decisions which can significantly affect the success of a product. One of the key decision-making tools they use is Quantitative Risk Assessment (QRA). QRA is a formal and systematic approach to estimating the probability and consequences of potential product risks. It involves the use of objective and empirical data to calculate the likelihood of a risk occurring and the magnitude of its impact. This methodology provides Product Managers with a data-driven framework to identify, assess, and prioritize risks, enabling them to make informed product decisions and to develop effective risk mitigation strategies.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "A-srndVB0olGq0qkApnwi": {
+    "title": "Risk Mitigation",
+    "description": "Risk Mitigation plays an essential role in the realm of Product Management. It's the responsibility of a Product Manager to anticipate potential pitfalls and create strategies to minimize their impact on the product's development and lifecycle. It requires a deep understanding of the project's scope, stakeholders' expectations, market trends and potential technical constraints. By intimately knowing the product and the environment in which it operates, a product manager can effectively strategize against any risk and ensure that the product stays on its intended course towards success.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "4gV80Qrd08_Y8oZB_hahV": {
+    "title": "Mitigation Strategies",
+    "description": "For a Product Manager, understanding and implementing mitigation strategies is crucial in the development and lifecyle of a product. These strategies help to prevent, manage, and respond to risks that may arise during the product's development cycle. Acquiring the ability to identify potential risks and planning appropriate countermeasures is a fundamental skill required by Product Managers to ensure the successful launch and sustainability of a product in the market. The process often includes stages such as risk identification, risk assessment, and the development and execution of risk control strategies.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "ybq-zRDLvtTTl8X8GnRNf": {
+    "title": "Contingency Planning",
+    "description": "Contingency planning constitutes an integral part of risk mitigation strategies for any Product Manager. It involves identifying potential risks and developing plans to prevent, respond to, or minimize the impact of those risks on the product development process. For a Product Manager, contingency planning entails envisioning various scenarios that could lead to setbacks in the delivery of the product and devising alternate plans. This acts as a safeguard to ensure smooth operations and delivery of the product on time, catering to user expectations. It provides a roadmap to manage unforeseen problems and reduces potential losses by maintaining the consistency and quality of the product.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "zJGg20NPStLPkeL5LKoGm": {
+    "title": "Monitoring and Controlling Risks",
+    "description": "In the realm of product management, monitoring and controlling risks is a critical responsibility. This process entails identifying potential areas of risks in product development and implementing strategies to mitigate them. Consequently, it involves continuous vigilance to ensure that potential threats do not escalate into problems that could jeopardize the success of the product. Product managers are often tasked with predicting likely risks, developing contingency plans and ensuring contractual compliance to keep the product development process smooth and within specified constraints. Their role hence extends beyond mere product vision and development, into a vital aspect of business strategy and risk management.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "S2w72SRx-9QvRO7RNBlKZ": {
+    "title": "Risk Monitoring Tools",
+    "description": "As a Product Manager, one of the key responsibilities is understanding and managing risks associated with the product. Risk Monitoring Tools play an integral role in this process. These tools are specialized software designed to identify, assess, track, and mitigate risks in product development and releases. They provide data-driven insights on potential hazards, allowing product managers to make informed decisions and implement strategies to prevent or minimize risk impacts. These tools can help in tracking the progress of risk resolution, visualize risk prioritization, and alert the product managers about the upcoming risks in time.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "ao2uUq_UZWtB-LRKH1x40": {
+    "title": "Risk Audits",
+    "description": "Risk audits form an integral part of the product management process. As a Product Manager, conducting risk audits involves comprehensive assessment of the various potential risks associated with the development and launch of a product. These risks could range from functional issues, design flaws, marketing challenges, to various other uncertainties that may potentially impact the success of a product. Risk audits aim to identify these threats ahead of time, mitigate them effectively, and devise strategies to turn these risks into opportunities. This rigorous process helps a Product Manager to ensure the smooth continuity of production, enabling robust, timely, and financial-efficient deployments of products.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "4i_kX9oZunMBFYevu7lyi": {
+    "title": "Scaling Products",
+    "description": "Scaling products is a crucial responsibility of a Product Manager. It involves optimizing a product's infrastructure and processes to cater to an increasing number of users or requests, without compromising on its efficiency or functionality. This process not only involves improving actual product features but also business strategies such as go-to-market plans, revenue models, and customer relations. A successful Product Manager has a specific scale-up strategy in place, effectively enabling product growth while managing potential risks. Being able to scale products successfully is a hallmark of a successful product, crucial to the company's long-term sustainability and profitability.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "4-w4BpDh4dpmnU9qfjqbU": {
+    "title": "Growth Strategies",
+    "description": "For a Product Manager, successful growth strategies are key to the scalability and survival of a product in the long run. They are charged with defining the direction and vision of the product, which includes implementing robust growth strategies. These strategies could range from market penetration, market development, product development to diversification. These strategic decisions directly affect the product's market share, competitiveness, and profitability. A well-versed Product Manager should understand these strategies and how to effectively deploy them based on the product's lifecycle, customer insights, competitive analysis, and market conditions. It is critical for the product manager to be in sync with cross-functional teams including Sales, Marketing, Engineering, Design to implement these growth initiatives effectively and move the product in the intended direction.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "lIdogd1DAzCo1ct7cdvYD": {
+    "title": "Internationalization",
+    "description": "Internationalization in product management refers to designing a product in a way that can easily be adapted for various international markets without requiring significant changes. This includes not just language translation, but also dealing with cultural differences, local regulations, and multiple time zones. A Product Manager must consider internationalization to ensure its product appeals to different geographical locations thereby facilitating a wider user base, increased market share, and, potentially, profitability.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "EEi56Ww04QbuF2I7B7xW8": {
+    "title": "Platform Thinking",
+    "description": "The role of a Product Manager extends beyond managing individual products. It often involves taking a broader outlook known as Platform Thinking. In the context of product management and particularly in scaling products, Platform Thinking involves considering the product not merely as a standalone offering but as a part of a larger ecosystem. This ecosystem is constituted by other products, services, users, developers, and other actors. A product manager, thus, needs to strategically design, develop, and scale the product in a way that it seamlessly fits into and contributes to the ecosystem, while also gaining valuable inputs and leveraging opportunities originating from the same platform.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "BGtxI9CHtJfhRMdUEIfWa": {
+    "title": "Portfolio Management",
+    "description": "Portfolio Management is one of the most critical responsibilities of a Product Manager. It involves the strategic decision-making process aimed at aligning organizational strategy with the efforts of teams tasked with planning, creating, and delivering products. Portfolio management allows product managers to assess how potential products or a set of products can deliver the most value to the company and its customers. Balancing benefits, costs, risks, and resources, while maintaining a keen eye on market trends and competition forms the core of portfolio management for a company. In essence, a Product Manager has to curate the product portfolio in a way that ensures long-term success and growth of a business.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "9y_I41kJhkmyBJjiTw8Xd": {
+    "title": "Advanced Analysis",
+    "description": "The field of Advanced Analysis plays a pivotal role in the domain of Product Management. As the driving force behind decision-making, it incorporates sophisticated methods and tools to draw meaning from data, enabling Product Managers to extract actionable insights. This subject involves applications such as Predictive Modeling, Statistical Analysis, and Machine Learning algorithms to yield a deep understanding of user behavior, market trends, product performance and forecast potential outcomes. With the power of advanced analysis, Product Managers can create data-driven strategies, optimize the user experience, and accelerate overall product growth.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "h5N51_YgjaTHhPUHxkqQR": {
+    "title": "Predictive Analytics",
+    "description": "Product Management encompasses a plethora of analytical strategies and one of the essential approaches is Predictive Analytics. As a Product Manager, having insights about future outcomes can make a substantial difference in decision-making. Predictive Analytics is leveraged to analyze historical and current data and make predictions about unseen or future events. This can help in efficient planning, risk management, and strategic decision making. It's a powerful tool for product managers that enables them to predict trends, understand user behavior, forecast demand, and ultimately, to build better products.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "rzrxYqFENQ3d0WpZv9-0Q": {
+    "title": "ML in Product Mgmt.",
+    "description": "Machine Learning (ML) is revolutionizing various industries and the field of product management is no exception. In a dynamic digital era, product managers are leveraging machine learning techniques to drive product innovation, better understand customer behavior, and forecast trends. With ML, data can be processed at an immense speed allowing product managers to make data-driven decisions and anticipate the future needs of the market, thus creating products that resonate with target audiences. Its contribution to predictive and behavioral analytics, customer segmentation and pricing strategy makes ML an essential tool for modern-day Product Management.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "H7sf23kwv73XjnFCdKHPi": {
+    "title": "AI in Product Mgmt.",
+    "description": "Artificial Intelligence (AI) has been increasingly instrumental in shaping the field of product management. As a product manager, it is crucial to comprehend the implications and applicability of AI in managing products effectively. AI can aid in forecasting trends, understanding customer behavior, automating routine tasks and improving decision-making processes. Grasping the full potential of AI can greatly assist product managers in building more effective strategies and in constantly refining their products to meet customer needs. It's a powerful tool that can significantly heighten the intelligence and efficiency of a product environment.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "WyKJxhfnbz6jx-Tvg40_j": {
+    "title": "Leadership and Influence",
+    "description": "The roles of a Product Manager extend beyond merely guiding product development. Leadership and influence are integral to a Product Manager's toolkit. With a unique, cross-functional role that interacts with various departments such as design, engineering, and marketing, a Product Manager needs to inspire and mobilize teams towards a singular product vision. Moreover, they must effectively communicate, influence decisions, and advocate for their product in the face of potential resistance, all the while fostering a climate that empowers team members and stakeholders. This underscores the necessity for skills in leadership and influence in product management, underlining its significance beyond technical knowledge and tactical expertise.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "MP-jZtofXCufnvtSldxqU": {
+    "title": "Building and Leading Teams",
+    "description": "As a Product Manager, building and leading teams are crucial aspects of one's role. This involves assembling a competent and diverse team and establishing a shared vision and goals. Once the team has been formed, it’s up to the Product Manager to guide, motivate, and manage the team to drive the grand vision into reality. They need to exhibit strong leadership qualities, foster a healthy and collaborative work environment, recognize individual contributions and ensure that every member feels valued for their work. This involves not just managing but also mentoring and empowering the team to take ownership and deliver their best work. This process of team building and leadership directly influences the successful execution of a product's lifecycle.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "CMge123Tm9DrZ31LvipLD": {
+    "title": "Influencing without Authority",
+    "description": "As a Product Manager, the ability to influence without authority is a critical skill set. This is often because Product Managers do not necessarily have direct authority over the team yet are expected to guide product strategies and make vital decisions. Influencing without authority involves convincing others to follow your ideas or approach, and can often include multidirectional influence, not just downward but upward and sideways too. A Product Manager navigates between different stakeholders like cross-functional partnerships, sales, marketing, engineering, design, etc., with varying levels of authority. Mastering the art of Influencing without Authority allows Product Managers to motivate and sway these differing parties to work collectively towards a shared vision or goal, thereby driving the product's success.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "gyNOziqf1VsfI2j-FaNZ_": {
+    "title": "Emotional Intelligence",
+    "description": "Emotional Intelligence (EI) is vital in every aspect of leadership, and in the realm of product management, it is no less significant. A Product Manager with high emotional intelligence can navigate complex work relationships, make better decisions, maintain morale in their team, and efficiently drive a product from conception to completion. In essence, emotional intelligence shapes a successful Product Manager and contributes to the effectiveness of their leadership. With the ability to identify and handle not only their own emotions, but also those of their team members, Product Managers can create a productive, creative, and resilient working environment.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "9vy4uIoykk2zSSyIok4_S": {
+    "title": "Introduction",
+    "description": "The role of a Product Manager is arguably one of the most important in any tech company. Responsible for guiding the success of a product and leading the cross-functional team that is responsible for improving it, a Product Manager is essentially the chief advocate for a product's feature set and overall business value. In fact, a Product Manager often analyzes market and competitive conditions and lays out a product vision that is differentiated and delivers unique value based on customer demands. The role of a Product Manager spans many activities from strategic to tactical and provides important cross-functional leadership — most notably between engineering, marketing, sales, and support teams. As the product's key strategist and advocate, a Product Manager communicates the voice of the customer and strives to maximize the value of their product, for both users and the company.",
+    "links": []
+  }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/public/roadmap-content/python.json b/public/roadmap-content/python.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e69e8e952
--- /dev/null
+++ b/public/roadmap-content/python.json
@@ -0,0 +1,1377 @@
+{
+  "GISOFMKvnBys0O0IMpz2J": {
+    "title": "Learn the Basics",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "6xRncUs3_vxVbDur567QA": {
+    "title": "Basic Syntax",
+    "description": "Setup the environment for python and get started with the basics.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "W3Schools - Python",
+        "url": "https://www.w3schools.com/python/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Python Basics",
+        "url": "https://www.tutorialspoint.com/python/python_basic_syntax.htm",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Learn X in Y Minutes / Python",
+        "url": "https://learnxinyminutes.com/docs/python/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Python for Beginners - Learn Python in 1 Hour",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kqtD5dpn9C8",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "dEFLBGpiH6nbSMeR7ecaT": {
+    "title": "Variables and Data Types",
+    "description": "Variables\n---------\n\nVariables are used to store information to be referenced and manipulated in a computer program. They also provide a way of labeling data with a descriptive name, so our programs can be understood more clearly by the reader and ourselves. It is helpful to think of variables as containers that hold information. Their sole purpose is to label and store data in memory. This data can then be used throughout your program.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Variables in Python",
+        "url": "https://realpython.com/python-variables",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "W3Schools — Python Variables",
+        "url": "https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_variables.asp",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Python Data Types",
+        "url": "https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_datatypes.asp",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Basic Data Types in Python",
+        "url": "https://realpython.com/python-data-types/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Python for Beginners: Data Types",
+        "url": "https://thenewstack.io/python-for-beginners-data-types/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Python Variables - Python Tutorial for Beginners with Examples | Mosh",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cQT33yu9pY8",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "NP1kjSk0ujU0Gx-ajNHlR": {
+    "title": "Conditionals",
+    "description": "Conditional Statements in Python perform different actions depending on whether a specific condition evaluates to true or false. Conditional Statements are handled by IF-ELIF-ELSE statements and MATCH-CASE statements in Python.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Python Conditional Statements: IF…Else, ELIF & Switch Case",
+        "url": "https://www.guru99.com/if-loop-python-conditional-structures.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Conditional Statements in Python",
+        "url": "https://realpython.com/python-conditional-statements/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How to use a match statement in Python",
+        "url": "https://learnpython.com/blog/python-match-case-statement/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "W3Schools - Python Conditions and If statements",
+        "url": "https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_conditions.asp",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "R9DQNc0AyAQ2HLpP4HOk6": {
+    "title": "Type Casting",
+    "description": "Typecasting\n-----------\n\nThe process of converting the value of one data type (integer, string, float, etc.) to another data type is called type conversion. Python has two types of type conversion: Implicit and Explicit.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Type Conversion and Casting",
+        "url": "https://www.programiz.com/python-programming/type-conversion-and-casting",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Python Exceptions: An Introduction",
+        "url": "https://realpython.com/python-exceptions/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Errors and Exceptions",
+        "url": "https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/errors.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Python Exception Handling",
+        "url": "https://www.programiz.com/python-programming/exception-handling",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Python Try Except",
+        "url": "https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_try_except.asp",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "fNTb9y3zs1HPYclAmu_Wv": {
+    "title": "Exceptions",
+    "description": "Python exceptions are events that occur during the execution of a program and disrupt the normal flow of the program's instructions. When an exception is raised, it indicates that an error has occurred. Python provides a way to handle these exceptions using try-except blocks, allowing developers to manage errors gracefully and ensure the program can continue or exit smoothly.",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Exceptions Documentation",
+        "url": "https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/errors.html#exceptions",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Exception Handling in Python",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V_NXT2-QIlE",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "-DJgS6l2qngfwurExlmmT": {
+    "title": "Functions, Builtin Functions",
+    "description": "In programming, a function is a reusable block of code that executes a certain functionality when it is called. Functions are integral parts of every programming language because they help make your code more modular and reusable.\n\nIn Python, you define a function with the `def` keyword, then write the function identifier (name) followed by parentheses and a colon.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Python Functions - W3Schools",
+        "url": "https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_functions.asp",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Built-in Functions in Python",
+        "url": "https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "UT_SR7G-LYtzqooWrEtF1": {
+    "title": "Lists",
+    "description": "**Lists:** are just like dynamic sized arrays, declared in other languages (vector in C++ and ArrayList in Java). Lists need not be homogeneous always which makes it the most powerful tool in Python.\n\n**Tuple:** A Tuple is a collection of Python objects separated by commas. In some ways, a tuple is similar to a list in terms of indexing, nested objects, and repetition but a tuple is immutable, unlike lists that are mutable.\n\n**Set:** A Set is an unordered collection data type that is iterable, mutable, and has no duplicate elements. Python’s set class represents the mathematical notion of a set.\n\n**Dictionary:** In python, Dictionary is an ordered (since Py 3.7) \\[unordered (Py 3.6 & prior)\\] collection of data values, used to store data values like a map, which, unlike other Data Types that hold only a single value as an element, Dictionary holds key:value pair. Key-value is provided in the dictionary to make it more optimized.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Tuples vs. Lists vs. Sets in Python",
+        "url": "https://jerrynsh.com/tuples-vs-lists-vs-sets-in-python/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Python for Beginners: Lists",
+        "url": "https://thenewstack.io/python-for-beginners-lists/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Python for Beginners: When and How to Use Tuples",
+        "url": "https://thenewstack.io/python-for-beginners-when-and-how-to-use-tuples/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Difference Between List, Tuple, Set and Dictionary in Python",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n0krwG38SHI",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "i7xIGiXU-k5UIKHIhQPjE": {
+    "title": "Tuples",
+    "description": "Tuples are immutable sequences, meaning that once a tuple is created, its elements cannot be changed. Tuples are often used to store related pieces of information. They are defined by placing the elements inside parentheses () separated by commas.",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Tuples Documentation",
+        "url": "https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/datastructures.html#tuples-and-sequences",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "soZFqivM3YBuljeX6PoaX": {
+    "title": "Sets",
+    "description": "Python Set is an unordered collection of data types that is iterable, mutable, and has no duplicate elements. The order of elements in a set is undefined though it may consist of various elements. The major advantage of using a set, as opposed to a list, is that it has a highly optimized method for checking whether a specific element is contained in the set.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "An W3Schools - Python Sets",
+        "url": "https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_sets.asp",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "An In-Depth Guide to Working with Python Sets",
+        "url": "https://learnpython.com/blog/python-sets/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Python Sets tutorial for Beginners",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t9j8lCUGZXo",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "bc9CL_HMT-R6nXO1eR-gP": {
+    "title": "Dictionaries",
+    "description": "In Python, a dictionary is a built-in data type that allows you to store key-value pairs. Each key in the dictionary is unique, and each key is associated with a value. Dictionaries are unordered collections, meaning the order of items is not guaranteed.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "W3 Schools - Dictionaries",
+        "url": "https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_dictionaries.asp",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "Dvy7BnNzK55qbh_SgOk8m": {
+    "title": "Loops",
+    "description": "Loops are used to execute a block of code repeatedly.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Loops in Python",
+        "url": "https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/loops-in-python/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "OPD4WdMO7q4gRZMcRCQh1": {
+    "title": "Arrays and Linked Lists",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "0NlRczh6ZEaFLlT6LORWz": {
+    "title": "Heaps, Stacks and Queues",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "DG4fi1e5ec2BVckPLsTJS": {
+    "title": "Hash Tables",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "uJIqgsqUbE62Tyo3K75Qx": {
+    "title": "Binary Search Tree",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "kLBgy_nxxjE8SxdVi04bq": {
+    "title": "Recursion",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "vvTmjcWCVclOPY4f_5uB0": {
+    "title": "Sorting Algorithms",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "274uk28wzxn6EKWQzLpHs": {
+    "title": "Modules",
+    "description": "Modules refer to a file containing Python statements and definitions. A file containing Python code, for example: `example.py`, is called a module, and its module name would be example. We use modules to break down large programs into small manageable and organized files. Furthermore, modules provide reusability of code.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Python Modules",
+        "url": "https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/modules.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Modules in Python",
+        "url": "https://www.programiz.com/python-programming/modules",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "JDDG4KfhtIlw1rkNCzUli": {
+    "title": "Learn the Basics",
+    "description": "Python is a high-level, interpreted, general-purpose programming language. Its design philosophy emphasizes code readability with the use of significant indentation. Python is dynamically-typed and garbage-collected.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Official Website: Python",
+        "url": "https://www.python.org/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Tutorial Series: How to Code in Python",
+        "url": "https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-write-your-first-python-3-program",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Python Wikipedia",
+        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Python_(programming_language)",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Googles Python Class",
+        "url": "https://developers.google.com/edu/python",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "W3Schools - Python Tutorial",
+        "url": "https://www.w3schools.com/python",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Python",
+        "url": "https://www.kaggle.com/learn/python",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Python",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/python?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "VJSIbYJcy2MC6MOFBrqXi": {
+    "title": "Data Structures & Algorithms",
+    "description": "A data structure is a named location that can be used to store and organize data. And, an algorithm is a collection of steps to solve a particular problem. Learning data structures and algorithms allow us to write efficient and optimized computer programs.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Learn DS & Algorithms",
+        "url": "https://www.programiz.com/dsa",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "DSA Course by Google",
+        "url": "https://www.udacity.com/course/data-structures-and-algorithms-in-python--ud513",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Algorithms",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/algorithms?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Data Structures Illustrated",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLkZYeFmDuaN2-KUIv-mvbjfKszIGJ4FaY",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "kIuns7FOwapwtFLKo1phQ": {
+    "title": "Arrays and Linked Lists",
+    "description": "Arrays store elements in contiguous memory locations, resulting in easily calculable addresses for the elements stored and this allows faster access to an element at a specific index. Linked lists are less rigid in their storage structure and elements are usually not stored in contiguous locations, hence they need to be stored with additional tags giving a reference to the next element. This difference in the data storage scheme decides which data structure would be more suitable for a given situation.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Arrays in Python",
+        "url": "https://www.edureka.co/blog/arrays-in-python/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Linked List Python",
+        "url": "https://realpython.com/linked-lists-python/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Array Data Structure | Illustrated Data Structures",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QJNwK2uJyGs",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Linked List Data Structure | Illustrated Data Structures",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=odW9FU8jPRQ",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "rSfg5M65LyZldhrdWOr90": {
+    "title": "Heaps, Stacks and Queues",
+    "description": "**Stacks:** Operations are performed LIFO (last in, first out), which means that the last element added will be the first one removed. A stack can be implemented using an array or a linked list. If the stack runs out of memory, it’s called a stack overflow.\n\n**Queue:** Operations are performed FIFO (first in, first out), which means that the first element added will be the first one removed. A queue can be implemented using an array.\n\n**Heap:** A tree-based data structure in which the value of a parent node is ordered in a certain way with respect to the value of its child node(s). A heap can be either a min heap (the value of a parent node is less than or equal to the value of its children) or a max heap (the value of a parent node is greater than or equal to the value of its children).\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Heaps, Stacks, Queues",
+        "url": "https://stephanosterburg.gitbook.io/scrapbook/coding/coding-interview/data-structures/heaps-stacks-queues",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How to Implement Python Stack?",
+        "url": "https://realpython.com/how-to-implement-python-stack/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Python Stacks, Queues, and Priority Queues in Practice",
+        "url": "https://realpython.com/queue-in-python/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Heap Implementation in Python",
+        "url": "https://www.educative.io/answers/heap-implementation-in-python",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Stack Data Structure | Illustrated Data Structures",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I5lq6sCuABE",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Queue Data Structure | Illustrated Data Structures",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mDCi1lXd9hc",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "0-m8jVuDKE8hX1QorKGTM": {
+    "title": "Hash Tables",
+    "description": "Hash Table, Map, HashMap, Dictionary or Associative are all the names of the same data structure. It is a data structure that implements a set abstract data type, a structure that can map keys to values.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Hash Tables and Hashmaps in Python",
+        "url": "https://www.edureka.co/blog/hash-tables-and-hashmaps-in-python/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Build a Hash Table in Python",
+        "url": "https://realpython.com/python-hash-table/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Hash Table Data Structure | Illustrated Data Structures",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jalSiaIi8j4",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "7NZlydjm4432vLY1InBS7": {
+    "title": "Binary Search Tree",
+    "description": "A binary search tree, also called an ordered or sorted binary tree, is a rooted binary tree data structure with the key of each internal node being greater than all the keys in the respective node's left subtree and less than the ones in its right subtree\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "How to Implement Binary Search Tree in Python",
+        "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230601181553/https://www.section.io/engineering-education/implementing-binary-search-tree-using-python/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Binary Search Tree in Python",
+        "url": "https://www.pythonforbeginners.com/data-structures/binary-search-tree-in-python",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Tree Data Structure | Illustrated Data Structures",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S2W3SXGPVyU",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "94KnPMQdNTOwQkUv37tAk": {
+    "title": "Recursion",
+    "description": "Recursion is a method of solving a computational problem where the solution depends on solutions to smaller instances of the same problem. Recursion solves such recursive problems by using functions that call themselves from within their own code.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Recursion in Python: An Introduction",
+        "url": "https://realpython.com/python-recursion/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Recursion",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/recursion?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "YNptpfK9qv2ovmkUXLkJT": {
+    "title": "Sorting Algorithms",
+    "description": "Sorting refers to arranging data in a particular format. Sorting algorithm specifies the way to arrange data in a particular order. Most common orders are in numerical or lexicographical order.\n\nThe importance of sorting lies in the fact that data searching can be optimized to a very high level, if data is stored in a sorted manner.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Sorting Algorithms in Python",
+        "url": "https://realpython.com/sorting-algorithms-python/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Python - Sorting Algorithms",
+        "url": "https://www.tutorialspoint.com/python_data_structure/python_sorting_algorithms.htm",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Algorithms",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/algorithms?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "08XifLQ20c4FKI_4AWNBQ": {
+    "title": "Builtin",
+    "description": "Python has a rich standard library of built-in modules that provide a wide range of functionality. Some of the most commonly used built-in modules include: sys, os, math, datetime, random, re, itertools, etc.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Python Modules",
+        "url": "https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/python-modules",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Python - Built-In Modules",
+        "url": "https://www.knowledgehut.com/tutorials/python-tutorial/python-built-in-modules",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "l7k0qTYe42wYBTlT2-1cy": {
+    "title": "Custom",
+    "description": "Modules refer to a file containing Python statements and definitions. A file containing Python code, for example: `example.py`, is called a module, and its module name would be example. We use modules to break down large programs into small manageable and organized files. Furthermore, modules provide reusability of code.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Python Modules",
+        "url": "https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/modules.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Modules in Python",
+        "url": "https://www.programiz.com/python-programming/modules",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "aWHgAk959DPUZL46CeRiI": {
+    "title": "Lambdas",
+    "description": "Python Lambda Functions are anonymous function means that the function is without a name. As we already know that the def keyword is used to define a normal function in Python. Similarly, the lambda keyword is used to define an anonymous function in Python.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Lambdas in Python",
+        "url": "https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_lambda.asp",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How to use Lambda functions",
+        "url": "https://realpython.com/python-lambda/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Python Lambda Functions",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KR22jigJLok",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "pIluLJkySqn_gI_GykV6G": {
+    "title": "Decorators",
+    "description": "decorator is a design pattern in Python that allows a user to add new functionality to an existing object without modifying its structure. Decorators are usually called before the definition of a function you want to decorate.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Python Decorators",
+        "url": "https://www.datacamp.com/tutorial/decorators-python",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Decorators in Python",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FXUUSfJO_J4",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Python Decorators in 1 Minute",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BE-L7xu8pO4",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "aB1LSQjDEQb_BxueOcnxU": {
+    "title": "Iterators",
+    "description": "An iterator is an object that contains a countable number of values. An iterator is an object that can be iterated upon, meaning that you can traverse through all the values. Technically, in Python, an iterator is an object which implements the iterator protocol, which consist of the methods **iter**() and **next**() .\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Iterators in Python",
+        "url": "https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_iterators.asp",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Python Iterators",
+        "url": "https://www.programiz.com/python-programming/iterator",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "7t6mJBsaFMWPi7o9fbhhq": {
+    "title": "Regular Expressions",
+    "description": "A regular expression is a sequence of characters that specifies a search pattern in text. Usually such patterns are used by string-searching algorithms for \"find\" or \"find and replace\" operations on strings, or for input validation.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Regular Expressions in Python",
+        "url": "https://docs.python.org/3/library/re.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Python Regular Expressions",
+        "url": "https://developers.google.com/edu/python/regular-expressions",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Python - Regular Expressions",
+        "url": "https://www.tutorialspoint.com/python/python_reg_expressions.htm",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "P_Di-XPSDITmU3xKQew8G": {
+    "title": "Object Oriented Programming",
+    "description": "In Python, object-oriented Programming (OOPs) is a programming paradigm that uses objects and classes in programming. It aims to implement real-world entities like inheritance, polymorphisms, encapsulation, etc. in the programming. The main concept of OOPs is to bind the data and the functions that work on that together as a single unit so that no other part of the code can access this data.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Object Oriented Programming in Python",
+        "url": "https://realpython.com/python3-object-oriented-programming/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Object Oriented Programming (OOP) In Python - Beginner Crash Course",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-pEs-Bss8Wc/",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "OOP in Python One Shot",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ej_02ICOIgs",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "AqwzR8dZKLQIoj_6KKZ3t": {
+    "title": "Classes",
+    "description": "A class is a user-defined blueprint or prototype from which objects are created. Classes provide a means of bundling data and functionality together. Creating a new class creates a new type of object, allowing new instances of that type to be made. Each class instance can have attributes attached to it for maintaining its state. Class instances can also have methods (defined by their class) for modifying their state.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Classes in Python",
+        "url": "https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/classes.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Python Classes and Objects",
+        "url": "https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_classes.asp",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Python OOP Tutorial",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZDa-Z5JzLYM&list=PL-osiE80TeTsqhIuOqKhwlXsIBIdSeYtc",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "S0FLE70szSVUPI0CDEQK7": {
+    "title": "Inheritance",
+    "description": "Inheritance allows us to define a class that inherits all the methods and properties from another class.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Python Inheritance",
+        "url": "https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_inheritance.asp",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Inheritance in Python",
+        "url": "https://www.javatpoint.com/inheritance-in-python",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "zAS4YiEJ6VPsyABrkIG8i": {
+    "title": "Methods, Dunder",
+    "description": "A method in python is somewhat similar to a function, except it is associated with object/classes. Methods in python are very similar to functions except for two major differences.\n\n*   The method is implicitly used for an object for which it is called.\n*   The method is accessible to data that is contained within the class.\n\nDunder or magic methods in Python are the methods having two prefix and suffix underscores in the method name. Dunder here means “Double Under (Underscores)”. These are commonly used for operator overloading. Few examples for magic methods are: **`__init__`**, **`__add__`**, **`__len__`**, **`__repr__`** etc.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Method vs Function in Python",
+        "url": "https://www.tutorialspoint.com/difference-between-method-and-function-in-python",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Python - Magic or Dunder Methods",
+        "url": "https://www.tutorialsteacher.com/python/magic-methods-in-python",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "qeCMw-sJ2FR4UxvU9DDzv": {
+    "title": "Package Managers",
+    "description": "Package managers allow you to manage the dependencies (external code written by you or someone else) that your project needs to work correctly.\n\n`PyPI` and `Pip` are the most common contenders but here are some other options available as well:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "PIPX",
+        "url": "https://github.com/pypa/pipx",
+        "type": "opensource"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Python",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/python?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "1dfOTOGsOk5XE3bnZs8Ht": {
+    "title": "PyPI",
+    "description": "PyPI, typically pronounced pie-pee-eye, is a repository containing several hundred thousand packages. These range from trivial Hello, World implementations to advanced deep learning libraries.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "PyPI Official Website",
+        "url": "https://pypi.org/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How to Publish an Open-Source Python Package to PyPI",
+        "url": "https://realpython.com/pypi-publish-python-package/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Python",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/python?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Getting Started with Pip and PyPI in Python",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bPSfNKvhooA",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "iVhQnp6hpgVZDNJ0XoVra": {
+    "title": "Pip",
+    "description": "The standard package manager for Python is pip. It allows you to install and manage packages that aren’t part of the Python standard library.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Using Pythons pip to Manage Your Projects Dependencies",
+        "url": "https://realpython.com/what-is-pip/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Python PIP Introduction",
+        "url": "https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_pip.asp",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about PIP",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/pip?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "uh67D1u-Iv5cZamRgFEJg": {
+    "title": "Conda",
+    "description": "Conda is an open source package management system and environment management system that runs on Windows, macOS, and Linux. Conda quickly installs, runs and updates packages and their dependencies. Conda easily creates, saves, loads and switches between environments on your local computer. It was created for Python programs, but it can package and distribute software for any language.\n\nConda as a package manager helps you find and install packages. If you need a package that requires a different version of Python, you do not need to switch to a different environment manager, because conda is also an environment manager. With just a few commands, you can set up a totally separate environment to run that different version of Python, while continuing to run your usual version of Python in your normal environment.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Conda Docs",
+        "url": "https://docs.conda.io/en/latest/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "uXd2B01GVBEQNXQE8RATT": {
+    "title": "Poetry",
+    "description": "Poetry is a dependency management and packaging tool for Python that runs on Windows, macOS, and Linux. Poetry efficiently installs, manages, and updates packages and their dependencies. Poetry seamlessly creates, saves, loads, and switches between project environments on your local computer. It is designed specifically for Python projects, providing a streamlined workflow for managing dependencies, virtual environments, and building packages.\n\nPoetry as a package manager helps you find and install packages. If you need a specific version of a package or a different version of Python, Poetry handles both dependency management and virtual environments effortlessly. With just a few commands, you can set up a completely isolated environment to run a different version of Python or package configuration, while maintaining your usual development environment. Poetry’s lock file ensures consistent installs across different environments, enhancing reproducibility and stability of your projects.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Poetry Docs",
+        "url": "https://python-poetry.org/docs/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "4gtmtYWYRWqwLdZRL0XMg": {
+    "title": "List Comprehensions",
+    "description": "List comprehensions are a concise way to create a list using a single line of code in Python. They are a powerful tool for creating and manipulating lists, and they can be used to simplify and shorten code.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Python - List Comprehension",
+        "url": "https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_lists_comprehension.asp",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What Exactly are List Comprehensions in Python? - CodeGuage",
+        "url": "https://www.codeguage.com/courses/python/lists-list-comprehensions",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Python List Comprehensions Quiz - CodeGuage",
+        "url": "https://www.codeguage.com/courses/python/lists-list-comprehensions-quiz",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Python List Comprehensions",
+        "url": "https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/datastructures.html#list-comprehensions",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "jnLIVRrWxcX3yq3Op91Vr": {
+    "title": "Generator Expressions",
+    "description": "Generator expressions are a concise way to create a generator using a single line of code in Python. They are similar to list comprehensions, but instead of creating a list, they create a generator object that produces the values on-demand, as they are needed.\n\nGenerator expressions are a useful tool for efficiently producing large sequence of values, as they allow you to create the generator without creating the entire sequence in memory at once. This tends to use less memory, especially for large sequences.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Python Generator Expressions",
+        "url": "https://www.pythontutorial.net/advanced-python/python-generator-expressions/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "List Comprehensions in Python and Generator Expressions",
+        "url": "https://djangostars.com/blog/list-comprehensions-and-generator-expressions/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "4GU5HNi3W8yFkImVY9ZpW": {
+    "title": "Paradigms",
+    "description": "Python is a multi-paradigm programming language, which means that it supports several programming paradigms. Some of the main paradigms supported by Python are:\n\n*   Imperative programming: This paradigm focuses on telling the computer what to do, step by step. Python supports imperative programming with features such as variables, loops, and control structures.\n*   Object-oriented programming (OOP): This paradigm is based on the idea of objects and their interactions. Python supports OOP with features such as classes, inheritance, and polymorphism.\n*   Functional programming: This paradigm is based on the idea of functions as first-class citizens, and it emphasizes the use of pure functions and immutable data. Python supports functional programming with features such as higher-order functions, lambda expressions, and generators.\n*   Aspect-oriented programming: This paradigm is based on the idea of separating cross-cutting concerns from the main functionality of a program. Python does not have built-in support for aspect-oriented programming, but it can be achieved using libraries or language extensions.\n\nPython's support for multiple paradigms makes it a versatile and flexible language, and it allows developers to choose the paradigm that best fits their needs.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "KAXF2kUAOvtBZhY8G9rkI": {
+    "title": "Context Manager",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "0-ShORjGnQlAdcwjtxdEB": {
+    "title": "Learn a Framework",
+    "description": "Frameworks automate the common implementation of common solutions which gives the flexibility to the users to focus on the application logic instead of the basic routine processes.\n\nFrameworks make the life of web developers easier by giving them a structure for app development. They provide common patterns in a web application that are fast, reliable and easily maintainable. Visit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Pyscript: A Browser-Based Python Framework for the 99%",
+        "url": "https://thenewstack.io/pyscript-a-browser-based-python-framework/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Python",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/python?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "DHtskqATeAVKgaazdhXKD": {
+    "title": "Pyramid",
+    "description": "Pyramid is a general, open source, web application development framework built in python. It allows python developer to create web applications with ease. Pyramid is backed by the enterprise knowledge Management System KARL (a George Soros project).\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Pyramid - Official Website",
+        "url": "https://trypyramid.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Pyramid Documentation",
+        "url": "https://trypyramid.com/documentation.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Pyramid Framework Introduction",
+        "url": "https://www.tutorialspoint.com/python_web_development_libraries/python_web_development_libraries_pyramid_framework.htm",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "7zcpXN3krnS3tMRWVNIVe": {
+    "title": "Plotly Dash",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "InUJIGmTnf0X4cSoLuCEQ": {
+    "title": "gevent",
+    "description": "gevent is a Python library that provides a high-level interface to the event loop. It is based on non-blocking IO (libevent/libev) and lightweight greenlets. Non-blocking IO means requests waiting for network IO won't block other requests; greenlets mean we can continue to write code in synchronous style.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "GitHub Repository",
+        "url": "https://github.com/gevent/gevent",
+        "type": "opensource"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "gevent — Official Website",
+        "url": "http://www.gevent.org/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "gevent For the Working Python Developer",
+        "url": "https://sdiehl.github.io/gevent-tutorial/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "IBVAvFtN4mnIPbIuyUvEb": {
+    "title": "aiohttp",
+    "description": "aiohttp is a Python 3.5+ library that provides a simple and powerful asynchronous HTTP client and server implementation.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Official Docs",
+        "url": "https://docs.aiohttp.org/en/stable/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Creating a RESTful API with Python and aiohttp",
+        "url": "https://tutorialedge.net/python/create-rest-api-python-aiohttp/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Python Asyncio, Requests, Aiohttp | Make faster API Calls",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nFn4_nA_yk8",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "zey2C6BdzsHJAlb_K3qrP": {
+    "title": "Tornado",
+    "description": "Tornado is a scalable, non-blocking web server and web application framework written in Python. It was developed for use by FriendFeed; the company was acquired by Facebook in 2009 and Tornado was open-sourced soon after.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Tornado — Official Website",
+        "url": "https://www.tornadoweb.org/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "A Step-by-Step Tutorial on Python Tornado",
+        "url": "https://phrase.com/blog/posts/tornado-web-framework-i18n/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Tornado Python Framework",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-gJ21qzpieA",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "9RGpqsj9jHz0_-r7EvRcw": {
+    "title": "Sanic",
+    "description": "Sanic is a Python 3.7+ web server and web framework that's written to go fast. It allows the usage of the async/await syntax added in Python 3.5, which makes your code non-blocking and speedy.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Sanic Official Website",
+        "url": "https://sanic.dev/en/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "XeQSmvAsGSTi8dd7QVHxn": {
+    "title": "Fast API",
+    "description": "FastAPI is a Web framework for developing RESTful APIs in Python. FastAPI is based on Pydantic and type hints to validate, serialize, and deserialize data and automatically auto-generate OpenAPI documents.",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Official Documentation",
+        "url": "https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about FastAPI",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/fastapi?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Create an API with Fast-API (Full 19 Hour Course)",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0sOvCWFmrtA",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "x1V8GjdjANTnhP6YXMbgC": {
+    "title": "Django",
+    "description": "Django is a free and open-source, Python-based web framework that follows the model–template–views architectural pattern. It is maintained by the Django Software Foundation, an independent organization established in the US as a 501 non-profit\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Django Official Website",
+        "url": "https://www.djangoproject.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Official Getting Started Guide",
+        "url": "https://www.djangoproject.com/start/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Is Django synchronous or asynchronous?",
+        "url": "https://stackoverflow.com/questions/58548089/django-is-synchronous-or-asynchronous",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Django",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/django?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Python Django Tutorial for Beginners",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rHux0gMZ3Eg",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "HKsGyRzntjh1UbRZSWh_4": {
+    "title": "Flask",
+    "description": "Flask is a micro web framework written in Python. It is classified as a microframework because it does not require particular tools or libraries. It has no database abstraction layer, form validation, or any other components where pre-existing third-party libraries provide common functions. Instead, it provides flexibility by requiring you to choose and integrate the best libraries for your project's needs.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Flask - Official Website",
+        "url": "https://flask.palletsprojects.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Flask - Official Tutorial",
+        "url": "https://flask.palletsprojects.com/en/3.0.x/tutorial/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Flask",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/flask?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "u4nRzWQ4zhDFMOrZ2I_uJ": {
+    "title": "Concurrency",
+    "description": "Concurrency in Python allows multiple tasks to be executed simultaneously using different approaches. GIL (Global Interpreter Lock) limits thread execution, making multithreading less efficient for computational tasks, but suitable for I/O. Multiprocessing, using the multiprocessing module, allows multiple cores to be utilized, providing true parallelism. Asynchrony via asyncio is optimal for I/O operations, allowing thousands of connections to be processed simultaneously without blocking. The choice of approach depends on the nature of the task.\n\nLearn more about concurrency using the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Python Concurrency",
+        "url": "https://realpython.com/python-concurrency/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "bS7WeVKm2kEElu3sBKcIC": {
+    "title": "GIL",
+    "description": "GIL is a mechanism that allows only one thread to execute Python code at a time. This limitation is related to memory management in CPython and can reduce the efficiency of multithreaded applications on multi-core systems.\n\nLearn more about it using the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is GIL?",
+        "url": "https://realpython.com/python-gil/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "UIx0XYaOgXXlYbbQtjiPq": {
+    "title": "Threading",
+    "description": "Multithreading allows multiple threads within a single process. However, because of GIL, threads cannot run in parallel on different cores, which makes multithreading suitable for I/O tasks (e.g., network requests) but not for computational tasks.\n\nLearn more about it from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Python Threading Library",
+        "url": "https://docs.python.org/3/library/threading.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Introduction to Threading in Python",
+        "url": "https://realpython.com/intro-to-python-threading/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "HSY5OUc_M5S6OcFXPRtkx": {
+    "title": "Multiprocessing",
+    "description": "Multiprocessing utilizes multiple processes, each with its own GIL. This allows full utilization of multiple processor cores, which is effective for computationally intensive tasks. Python's multiprocessing module supports creating processes and exchanging data between them.\n\nLearn more about multiprocessing with the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Official Documentation",
+        "url": "https://docs.python.org/3/library/multiprocessing.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Multiprocessing in Python with Example",
+        "url": "https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/python-multiprocessing-example",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Multiprocessing in Python",
+        "url": "https://realpython.com/python-multiprocessing/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "Mow7RvropbC4ZGDpcGZmw": {
+    "title": "Asynchrony",
+    "description": "Asynchronous programming, supported by asyncio, allows code to be executed without blocking, using async and await. This is especially useful for I/O tasks such as networking or file manipulation, allowing thousands of connections to be handled without blocking the main thread.\n\nLearn more about asynchronous programming in Python with the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Python AsyncIO library",
+        "url": "https://docs.python.org/3/library/asyncio.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Async IO in Python: A Complete Walkthrough",
+        "url": "https://realpython.com/async-io-python/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "p3Frfs6oxpuciUzeCEsvb": {
+    "title": "uv",
+    "description": "uv is an \"extremely fast\" python package installer and resolver.\n\nLearn more about it using the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "uv GitHub Repository",
+        "url": "https://github.com/astral-sh/uv",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "GHKAY9gOykEbxkEeR30wL": {
+    "title": "pyproject.toml",
+    "description": "This file is used to define the project configuration and dependencies. It is a configuration file that contains metadata about the project, such as its name, version, dependencies, and build settings. The `pyproject.toml` file is used by tools like `poetry` and `flit` to manage Python projects and their dependencies.\n\nLearn more about `pyproject.toml` by visiting the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Writing pyproject.toml files",
+        "url": "https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/guides/writing-pyproject-toml/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "IWq-tfkz-pSC1ztZl60vM": {
+    "title": "Pipenv",
+    "description": "Pipeline Environment (pipenv) is a tool that aims to bring the best of all packaging worlds (bundled, requirements.txt, [setup.py](http://setup.py), setup.cfg, etc.) to the Python world. It automatically creates and manages a virtualenv for your projects, as well as adds/removes packages from your Pipfile as you install/uninstall packages. It also generates the ever-important Pipfile.lock, which is used to produce deterministic builds.\n\nLearn more about Pipenv by visiting the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Pipenv Documentation",
+        "url": "https://pipenv.pypa.io/en/latest/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "_IXXTSwQOgYzYIUuKVWNE": {
+    "title": "virutalenv",
+    "description": "`virtualenv` is a tool to create isolated Python environments. It creates a folder which contains all the necessary executables to use the packages that a Python project would need.\n\nLearn more about `virtualenv` by visiting the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Virtual Environments",
+        "url": "https://virtualenv.pypa.io/en/latest/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "N5VaKMbgQ0V_BC5tadV65": {
+    "title": "pyenv",
+    "description": "pyenv is a tool for managing multiple versions of the Python programming language on Unix-like systems. It works by setting environment variables to point to the directory where the desired version of Python is installed. This allows you to switch between different versions of Python without having to modify your system's default Python installation.\n\nLearn more about pyenv by exploring the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "@Official@pyenv GitHub Repository",
+        "url": "https://github.com/pyenv/pyenv",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "1PXApuUpPmJjgi12cmWo4": {
+    "title": "Static Typing",
+    "description": "Static typing can be a powerful tool to help you catch bugs before they happen. It can also help you understand the code you're working with, and make it easier to maintain and refactor.\n\nLearn more about static typing with the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Static typing in Python",
+        "url": "https://typing.readthedocs.io/en/latest/index.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "W3VALz5evFo1qqkQbMN1R": {
+    "title": "Pydantic",
+    "description": "Pydantic is a python library for data validation and settings management using python type annotations.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Pydantic documentation",
+        "url": "https://docs.pydantic.dev/latest/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "gIcJ3bUVQXqO1Wx4gUKd5": {
+    "title": "mypy",
+    "description": "mypy is an optional static type checker for Python that aims to combine the benefits of dynamic (or \"duck\") typing and static typing. Mypy combines the expressive power and convenience of Python with a powerful type system and compile-time type checking. Mypy type checks standard Python programs; run them using any Python VM with basically no runtime overhead.",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "mypy documentation",
+        "url": "https://mypy-lang.org/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "1q9HWgu9jDTK757hTNOmE": {
+    "title": "pyright",
+    "description": "pyright is a static type checker for Python. It is a Microsoft product and is written in TypeScript. It is a language server that uses the Language Server Protocol (LSP) to communicate with the editor. It is a good alternative to mypy and pytype.\n\nLearn more about pyright from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Pyright Documentation",
+        "url": "https://microsoft.github.io/pyright/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "9mFR_ueXbIB2IrkqU2s85": {
+    "title": "pyre",
+    "description": "pyre is a static type checker for Python. It is a tool that helps you find type errors in your Python code. Pyre is designed to be fast, scalable, and easy to use. It is used at Facebook to help developers catch type errors before they make it to production.\n\nLearn more about pyre from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "pyre documentation",
+        "url": "https://pyre-check.org/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "0F0ppU_ClIUKZ23Q6BVZp": {
+    "title": "Code Formatting",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "6cB0pvUO1-gvCtgqozP-Q": {
+    "title": "ruff",
+    "description": "An extremely fast Python linter and code formatter, written in Rust.",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "ruff documentation",
+        "url": "https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "black@DS6nuAUhUYcqiJDmQisKM.md": {
+    "title": "black",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "tsh_vbhzKz1-H9Vh69tsK": {
+    "title": "yapf",
+    "description": "yapf is a formatter for Python files. It is a tool that automatically formats Python code to conform to the PEP 8 style guide. It is similar to black but has more configuration options.\n\nLearn more about yapf and how to use it effectively in your Python projects.",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "yapf Documentation",
+        "url": "https://github.com/google/yapf",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "maYNuTKYyZndxk1z29-UY": {
+    "title": "Sphinx",
+    "description": "Sphinx is a tool that makes it easy to create intelligent and beautiful documentation, written by Georg Brandl and licensed under the BSD license.\n\nLearn more about Sphinx by visiting the [official website](https://www.sphinx-doc.org/en/master/).",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "_94NrQ3quc4t_PPOsFSN0": {
+    "title": "Common Packages",
+    "description": "Python has a rich ecosystem of packages and modules that can be used to get the most out of the language.\n\nHere are some common Python packages that are widely used in various domains:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "requests",
+        "url": "https://docs.python-requests.org/en/latest/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "pathlib",
+        "url": "https://docs.python.org/3/library/pathlib.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "asyncio",
+        "url": "https://docs.python.org/3/library/asyncio.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "dataclasses",
+        "url": "https://docs.python.org/3/library/dataclasses.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "python-dotenv",
+        "url": "https://pypi.org/project/python-dotenv/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "numpy",
+        "url": "https://numpy.org/doc/stable/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "pandas",
+        "url": "https://pandas.pydata.org/docs/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "polars",
+        "url": "https://github.com/pola-rs/polars",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "WQOYjuwKIWB2meea4JnsV": {
+    "title": "Testing",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "aVclygxoA9ePU5IxaORSH": {
+    "title": "doctest",
+    "description": "Python’s standard library comes equipped with a test framework module called doctest. The doctest module programmatically searches Python code for pieces of text within comments that look like interactive Python sessions. Then, the module executes those sessions to confirm that the code referenced by a doctest runs as expected.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Doctest module reference",
+        "url": "https://docs.python.org/3/library/doctest.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How To Write Doctests in Python",
+        "url": "https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-write-doctests-in-python",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "SSnzpijHLO5_l7DNEoMfx": {
+    "title": "nose",
+    "description": "Nose is another opensource testing framework that extends `unittest` to provide a more flexible testing framework.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Introduction to Nose",
+        "url": "https://nose.readthedocs.io/en/latest/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Getting Started With Nose In Python",
+        "url": "https://www.lambdatest.com/blog/selenium-python-nose-tutorial/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "3FDwJpesfelEyJrNWtm0V": {
+    "title": "pytest",
+    "description": "pytest is a mature full-featured Python testing tool that helps you write better programs.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Official Docs",
+        "url": "https://docs.pytest.org/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Pytest Tutorial",
+        "url": "https://www.tutorialspoint.com/pytest/index.htm",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Effective Python Testing With Pytest",
+        "url": "https://realpython.com/pytest-python-testing/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Python",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/python?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "b4he_RO17C3ScNeUd6v2b": {
+    "title": "unittest / pyUnit",
+    "description": "PyUnit is an easy way to create unit testing programs and UnitTests with Python. (Note that [docs.python.org](http://docs.python.org) uses the name \"unittest\", which is also the module name.)\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "How To Use unittest to Write a Test Case for a Function in Python",
+        "url": "https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-use-unittest-to-write-a-test-case-for-a-function-in-python",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "PyUnit Docs",
+        "url": "https://wiki.python.org/moin/PyUnit%C2%A0",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "A Gentle Introduction to Unit Testing in Python",
+        "url": "https://machinelearningmastery.com/a-gentle-introduction-to-unit-testing-in-python/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "o1wi39VnjnFfWIC8XcuAK": {
+    "title": "typing",
+    "description": "typing is a module in Python that provides runtime support for type hints. The typing module defines a standard set of names that can be used to describe types in the Python language. The typing module was added to the standard library in Python 3.5.",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "typing python",
+        "url": "https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "jPFOiwbqfaGshaGDBWb5x": {
+    "title": "tox",
+    "description": "tox is a tool for automating test environment management and testing against multiple interpreter configurations. It is particularly useful for Python codebases that need to support multiple versions of Python.\n\nLearn more about tox from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "tox documentation",
+        "url": "https://tox.wiki/en/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/public/roadmap-content/qa.json b/public/roadmap-content/qa.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..eb9a65d48
--- /dev/null
+++ b/public/roadmap-content/qa.json
@@ -0,0 +1,2650 @@
+{
+  "m1wX27XBWKXZcTMH2U1xp": {
+    "title": "Learn the Fundamentals",
+    "description": "The phrase \"fit for use or purpose\" sums up quality, which is incredibly difficult to define. It all comes down to fulfilling the requirements and expectations of the consumer in terms of the product's usefulness, design, dependability, durability, and price.\n\nAssurance is nothing more than a confident statement made about a good or service. It is the assurance that a good outcome is guaranteed for a good or service. It offers a warranty that the product will perform faultlessly in accordance with expectations or needs.\n\nQuality Assurance (QA) also known as QA testing is an activity to ensure that an organization provides the best product or service to the customers. QA testing of a software involves the testing of performance, adaptability, and functionality. Yet, software quality assurance extends beyond software quality; it also comprises the quality process used for developing, testing, and release of software products. QA relies on the software development cycle, which includes the management of software requirements, design, coding, testing, and release.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "Zja25damM2vXMOYCyRZiq": {
+    "title": "Test Oracles",
+    "description": "A test oracle is a mechanism; different from the program itself that can be used to check the correctness of the program's output for the test cases. Conceptually, we can consider testing a process in which the test cases are given to the test oracle and the program under testing.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What are Test Oracles",
+        "url": "https://ecomputernotes.com/software-engineering/what-are-test-oracles",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DR22zNNetp0&t=1s",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DR22zNNetp0&t=1s",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "1976f2-opqLqV4ImPJlt0": {
+    "title": "Test Prioritization",
+    "description": "Test prioritization is ordering the test cases to be conducted eventually. Prioritizing test cases aids to meet two important constraints, namely time and budget in software testing to enhance the fault detection rate as early as possible.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "A Tour of what is Test Prioritization?",
+        "url": "https://www.browserstack.com/guide/test-case-prioritization",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Test Prioritization",
+        "url": "https://www.professionalqa.com/test-prioritization",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Test Prioritization fundamentals!",
+        "url": "https://testomat.io/features/test-case-priorities/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "pH9h2tjO6raO_g4W8EgKq": {
+    "title": "Manage your Testing",
+    "description": "Test Management is a process of managing the testing activities in order to ensure high quality and high-end testing of the software application. The method consists of organizing, controlling, ensuring traceability and visibility of the testing process in order to deliver the high quality software application. It ensures that the software testing process runs as expected.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Test Management Process in Software Testing",
+        "url": "https://www.guru99.com/test-management-phases-a-complete-guide-for-testing-project.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Testing",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/testing?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "FE_Wp2RPWFDHNaQIBLqH6": {
+    "title": "qTest",
+    "description": "qTest is a test management tool used for Project Management, Bug Tracking, and Test Management. It follows the centralized test management concept that helps to communicate easily and assists in rapid development of task across QA team and other stakeholders.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "QTest tutorial",
+        "url": "https://www.tutorialspoint.com/qtest/qtest_introduction.htm",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Getting Started with qTest and Parameters",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1q8vQ2XF9QE",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "5Tn6Wtw8QE56LZ9BlRAmW": {
+    "title": "TestRail",
+    "description": "TestRail is a web-based test case management tool. It is used by testers, developers and team leads to manage, track, and organize software testing efforts. TestRail allows team members to enter test cases, organize test suites, execute test runs, and track their results, all from a modern and easy to use web interface.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "TestRail Website",
+        "url": "https://www.gurock.com/testrail/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "TestRail Review Tutorial: Learn End-To-End Test Case Management",
+        "url": "https://www.softwaretestinghelp.com/testrail-tutorial/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "leiCCxLJgXCpk1a--mE83": {
+    "title": "TestLink",
+    "description": "TestLink is most widely used web based open source test management tool. It synchronizes both requirements specification and test specification together. Tester can create test project and document test cases using this tool. With TestLink you can create an account for multiple users and assign different user roles.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "TestLink Website",
+        "url": "https://testlink.org/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "TestLink Tutorial: A Complete Guide",
+        "url": "https://www.guru99.com/testlink-tutorial-complete-guide.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "aGvbxmZCHbbt9PgXL1ooJ": {
+    "title": "Zephyr",
+    "description": "Zephyr is a testing solution that improves the quality of your software by managing and monitoring end-to-end testing. It is very effective for managing manual testing. Its key capabilities include:\n\n*   Test-case creation\n*   Organization of tests by product releases and components\n*   Assignment of tests to the Quality Assurance team\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Zephyr for JIRA Tutorial: Test Management Tool",
+        "url": "https://www.guru99.com/zephyr-agile-jira.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "JInFH3JRvAxjvpIFKjUiP": {
+    "title": "What is Quality Assurance?",
+    "description": "Quality is extremely hard to define, and it is simply stated: “Fit for use or purpose.” It is all about meeting the needs and expectations of customers concerning the functionality, design, reliability, durability, & price of the product.\n\nWhat is Assurance\n-----------------\n\nAssurance is nothing but a positive declaration of a product or service, which gives confidence. It is certain of a product or a service which it will work well. It provides a guarantee that the product will work without any problems as per the expectations or requirements.\n\nQuality Assurance in Software Testing\n-------------------------------------\n\nQuality Assurance in Software Testing is defined as a procedure to ensure the quality of software products or services provided to the customers by an organization. Quality assurance focuses on improving the [software development process](https://www.guru99.com/software-development-life-cycle-tutorial.html) and making it efficient and effective per the quality standards defined for software products. Quality Assurance is popularly known as QA Testing.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is Quality Assurance(QA)? Process, Methods, Examples",
+        "url": "https://www.guru99.com/all-about-quality-assurance.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What Do Software Testers Do?",
+        "url": "https://www.ministryoftesting.com/dojo/lessons/what-do-software-testers-do-version-0-1",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about QA",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/qa?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "vZv4Ow5bg_PbKoF557G9S": {
+    "title": "QA Mindset",
+    "description": "As a Quality Assurance Engineer, your primary responsibility is to nurture a proactive, quality-centric, and holistic mindset throughout the organization. This involves promoting the understanding that quality is not solely the responsibility of the QA chapter, or achieved through manual testing alone, but rather a shared commitment that requires collaboration from all team members. Quality should be seamlessly integrated into every phase of the software development lifecycle, from requirements gathering to deployment and maintenance. Your role is to take initiative, provide guidance, and lead the company in adopting best practices and methodologies that prioritize quality. By educating and empowering your colleagues, you can foster a culture where everyone understands the significance of delivering high-quality products and is equipped with the knowledge and tools to contribute effectively to this goal.\n\nA few important points:\n\n*   Foster a quality-centric mindset and promote shared responsibility for quality across the organization\n*   Integrate quality processes into every phase of the software development lifecycle and encourage collaboration among team members\n*   Take initiative, provide guidance, and lead the company in adopting best practices for ensuring high-quality products\n*   Implement and maintain robust automation frameworks to enhance testing efficiency, coverage, and reliability\n*   Continuously improve quality processes, stay updated with industry trends, and advocate for the importance of quality in driving customer satisfaction and business success\n*   Think outside the box, ask questions, explore edge cases, and don't be afraid to misuse the product to uncover potential issues\n*   Foster open communication, transparency, and a proactive approach to identifying and mitigating quality risks early in the development process\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "The Software Tester’s Mindset",
+        "url": "https://softwaretester.careers/the-software-testers-mindset/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Skills QA needs",
+        "url": "https://theqalead.com/careers/quality-assurance-skills/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How to Think Like a Tester",
+        "url": "https://medium.com/@blakenorrish/how-to-think-like-a-tester-7a174ff6aeaf",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "ISTQB® Foundation Level Syllabus 2024 - v4.0",
+        "url": "https://astqb.org/assets/documents/ISTQB_CTFL_Syllabus-v4.0.pdf",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "uFOVuenPyOKZGgoJXkwRZ": {
+    "title": "Testing Approaches",
+    "description": "Test approach has two techniques:\n\n*   Proactive - An approach in which the test design process is initiated as early as possible in order to find and fix the defects before the build is created.\n*   Reactive - An approach in which the testing is not started until after design and coding are completed.\n\nThree approaches are commonly used to implement functional testing:\n\n*   Black Box Testing\n*   White Box Testing\n*   Gray Box Testing\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Functional Testing Approaches and Agile Considerations",
+        "url": "https://www.qualitylogic.com/knowledge-center/functional-testing-approaches-agile-considerations/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Testing",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/testing?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "y4QnZ2xQyc4x6Kr-eGBer": {
+    "title": "White Box Testing",
+    "description": "White Box Testing is a technique in which software’s internal structure, design, and coding are tested to verify input-output flow and improve design, usability, and security. In white box testing, code is visible to testers, so it is also called Clear box testing, Open box testing, Transparent box testing, Code-based testing, and Glass box testing.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "White Box Testing – What is, Techniques, Example & Types",
+        "url": "https://www.guru99.com/white-box-testing.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "A Complete Guide With Techniques, Examples, & Tools",
+        "url": "https://www.softwaretestinghelp.com/white-box-testing-techniques-with-example/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Testing",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/testing?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "ZmWEG7Wu-h7bZe6pGxqDg": {
+    "title": "Gray Box Testing",
+    "description": "Gray box testing is a software testing technique to test a software product or application with partial knowledge of the internal structure of the application. The purpose of gray box testing is to search and identify the defects due to improper code structure or improper use of applications.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is Gray Box Testing? Techniques & Example",
+        "url": "https://www.guru99.com/grey-box-testing.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Testing",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/testing?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "2zfwE6uzGYc2qnvOZ47LB": {
+    "title": "Black Box Testing",
+    "description": "Black Box Testing is a software testing method in which the functionalities of software applications are tested without having knowledge of internal code structure, implementation details and internal paths. Black Box Testing mainly focuses on input and output of software applications and it is entirely based on software requirements and specifications. It is also known as Behavioral Testing.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is BLACK Box Testing? Techniques, Example & Types",
+        "url": "https://www.guru99.com/black-box-testing.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Black Box Testing: An In-Depth Tutorial With Examples And Techniques",
+        "url": "https://www.softwaretestinghelp.com/black-box-testing/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Testing",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/testing?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "ZqgeqqZTGA-y7jVNyPCt4": {
+    "title": "Project Management",
+    "description": "A project is a temporary endeavor to create a unique product, service, or result. A project is temporary because it has a defined beginning and end time, and it is unique because it has a particular set of operations designed to accomplish a goal.\n\nProject Management is a discipline of planning, organizing, motivating, and controlling the resources to achieve specific project goals. The main objective of project management is to achieve project goals and targets while keeping in mind the project scope, time, quality, and cost. It facilitates the project workflow with team collaboration on a single project.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What are the Main Objectives of Project Management?",
+        "url": "https://www.guru99.com/introduction-project-management-pmp-certification.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Project Management in Software Testing",
+        "url": "https://huddle.eurostarsoftwaretesting.com/project-management-in-software-testing/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Project Management Life Cycle Phases: What are the stages?",
+        "url": "https://www.guru99.com/initiation-phase-project-management-life-cycle.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Project Management",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/project-management?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "wVqbs8Rh0WjLQqJZ0XiF0": {
+    "title": "Atlassian",
+    "description": "Jira is a software application used for issue tracking and project management. The tool, developed by the Australian software company Atlassian, has become widely used by agile development teams to track bugs, stories, epics, and other tasks.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Atlassian Website",
+        "url": "https://www.atlassian.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is Jira used for?",
+        "url": "https://www.atlassian.com/software/jira/guides/use-cases/what-is-jira-used-for#glossary-of-items",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is Jira?",
+        "url": "https://www.simplilearn.com/tutorials/jira/what-is-jira-and-how-to-use-jira-testing-software",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "JIRA Tutorial: A Complete Hands-On How-To-Use JIRA Guide",
+        "url": "https://www.softwaretestinghelp.com/atlassian-jira-tutorial-1/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Atlassian",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/atlassian?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "xLPE9CqqiYz0miMFI3ThY": {
+    "title": "Assembla",
+    "description": "Assembla is an extensive suite of applications for software development, enabling distributed agile teams. It allows development teams to manage, initiate and maintain agile projects, applications and websites.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Assembla Website",
+        "url": "https://get.assembla.com/projects/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is Assembla?",
+        "url": "https://www.selecthub.com/project-management-software/assembla",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "6bS1YjGJHARAUKTywYMU9": {
+    "title": "YouTrack",
+    "description": "YouTrack is a project management software developed by JetBrains. It’s in the form of a plugin that can be attached to the JetBrains IDEs such as Intellij Idea, and helps create and assign tasks to a development team as well as track the progress of working.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "YouTrack Website",
+        "url": "https://www.jetbrains.com/youtrack/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "YouTrack for Beginners",
+        "url": "https://medium.com/nerd-for-tech/youtrack-for-beginners-31e1e156fdd0",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "dmfMp6ydjtHo6oKv97AzB": {
+    "title": "Trello",
+    "description": "Trello is a popular, simple, and easy-to-use collaboration tool that enables you to organize projects and everything related to them into boards. With Trello, you can find all kinds of information, such as:\n\n*   What’s being worked on?\n*   Who’s working on what?\n*   What progress the project is making\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Trello Website",
+        "url": "https://trello.com/en",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is Trello and How To Use It?",
+        "url": "https://www.simplilearn.com/tutorials/project-management-tutorial/what-is-trello",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "gQLbDFP00itL260i1BiDe": {
+    "title": "Testing Techniques",
+    "description": "Testing Techniques are methods applied to evaluate a system or a component with a purpose to find if it satisfies the given requirements. Testing of a system helps to identify gaps, errors, or any kind of missing requirements differing from the actual requirements. These techniques ensure the overall quality of the product or software including performance, security, customer experience, and so on.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What are Testing Techniques : Types, Advantages & Disadvantages",
+        "url": "https://www.elprocus.com/what-are-testing-techniques-types-advantages-disadvantages/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Testing",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/testing?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "wmMIL-0ytz7a3JygyB-wc": {
+    "title": "Load Testing",
+    "description": "Load Testing is a type of Performance Testing that determines the performance of a system, software product, or software application under real-life-based load conditions. Load testing determines the behavior of the application when multiple users use it at the same time. It is the response of the system measured under varying load conditions.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Load testing and Best Practices",
+        "url": "https://loadninja.com/load-testing/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Load Testing",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/load-testing?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "bapKhjye4oWQxTEZ4fl_c": {
+    "title": "Performance Testing",
+    "description": "Performance Testing is a subset of Performance Engineering. It is a process of evaluating a system’s behavior under various extreme conditions. The main intent of performance testing is monitoring and improving key performance indicators such as response time, throughput, memory, CPU utilization, and more.\n\nThere are three objectives (three S) of Performance testing to observe and evaluate: `Speed`, `Scalability`, and `Stability`.\n\nTypes of Performance Testing\n----------------------------\n\nFollowing are the commonly used performance testing types, but not limited to:\n\n*   Load Testing\n*   Stress Testing\n*   Spike Testing\n*   Endurance Testing\n*   Volume Testing\n*   Scalability Testing\n*   Capacity Testing\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Performance Testing Tutorial – Types (Example)",
+        "url": "https://www.guru99.com/performance-testing.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Performance",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/performance?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "skrOrieK1T0hHj_mJBNsW": {
+    "title": "Stress Testing",
+    "description": "`Stress Testing` is a type of `Performance Testing`. The objective of stress testing is to identify the breaking point of application under test under extreme normal load.\n\ne.g. Injecting high volume of requests per second to an API might cause the disruption to its service, or throws HTTP 503 Service Unavailable or cause other consequences.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is Stress Testing in Software Testing?",
+        "url": "https://www.guru99.com/stress-testing-tutorial.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Testing",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/testing?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "MahtxMJD3ETHfgk_PQabQ": {
+    "title": "Security Testing",
+    "description": "Security Testing is a type of Software Testing that uncovers vulnerabilities, threats, or risks in a software application and prevents malicious attacks from intruders. The purpose of Security Tests is to identify all possible loopholes and weaknesses of the software system which might result in a loss of information, revenue, repute at the hands of the employees or outsiders of the organization.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is Security Testing? Types with Example",
+        "url": "https://www.guru99.com/what-is-security-testing.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Security Testing: Types, Tools, and Best Practices",
+        "url": "https://brightsec.com/blog/security-testing/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Security",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/security?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "zGzpjxz3nvVH9Eu3NOPbk": {
+    "title": "Accessibility Testing",
+    "description": "Accessibility Testing is defined as a type of Software Testing performed to ensure that the application being tested is usable by people with disabilities like hearing, color blindness, old age, low vision and other disadvantaged groups.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is Accessibility Testing? (Examples)",
+        "url": "https://www.guru99.com/accessibility-testing.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Accessibility Testing Tutorial (Step By Step Guide)",
+        "url": "https://www.softwaretestinghelp.com/what-is-web-accessibility-testing/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "IBM Accessibility Toolkit",
+        "url": "https://www.ibm.com/able/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Accessibility",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/accessibility?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "vYIEsjTKoO1ciypGIDlil": {
+    "title": "Non-Functional Testing",
+    "description": "Non-functional testing is a type of software testing to test non-functional parameters such as reliability, load test, performance, and accountability of the software. The primary purpose of non-functional testing is to test the reading speed of the software system as per non-functional parameters. The parameters of non-functional testing are never tested before the functional testing.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is Non Functional Testing",
+        "url": "https://www.browserstack.com/guide/what-is-non-functional-testing",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Types of Non Functional Testing",
+        "url": "https://www.guru99.com/non-functional-testing.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Testing",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/testing?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "o4xmFhw_ilWdhpCiEotck": {
+    "title": "Functional Testing",
+    "description": "Functional testing is a type of software testing that validates the software system against the functional requirements/specifications. The purpose of Functional tests is to test each function of the software application by providing appropriate input and verifying the output against the Functional requirements.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is Functional Testing? Types & Examples",
+        "url": "https://www.guru99.com/functional-testing.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Functional Testing : A Detailed Guide",
+        "url": "https://www.browserstack.com/guide/functional-testing",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Testing",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/testing?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "Ls_pezva7_ZW2HHn7RvO4": {
+    "title": "UAT",
+    "description": "User Acceptance Testing (UAT) is a type of testing performed by the end user or the client to verify/accept the software system before moving the software application to the production environment. UAT is done in the final phase of testing after functional, integration and system testing is done.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is User Acceptance Testing (UAT)?",
+        "url": "https://www.guru99.com/user-acceptance-testing.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How to plan your UAT",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AU8SV7091-s",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "2h6mJeIFCU72J7aggTvnQ": {
+    "title": "Exploratory Testing",
+    "description": "Exploratory testing is evaluating a product by learning about it through exploration and experimentation, including to some degree: questioning, study, modeling, observation, inference, etc.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Exploratory Testing",
+        "url": "https://www.satisfice.com/exploratory-testing",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Exploratory Testing 3.0",
+        "url": "https://www.satisfice.com/blog/archives/1509",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "History of Definitions of Exploratory Testing",
+        "url": "https://www.satisfice.com/blog/archives/1504",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Testing",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/testing?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "Lve3xpC1FU91TQqoDOYv7": {
+    "title": "Sanity Testing",
+    "description": "Sanity testing is a kind of Software Testing performed after receiving a software build, with minor changes in code, or functionality, to ascertain that the bugs have been fixed and no further issues are introduced due to these changes. The goal is to determine that the proposed functionality works roughly as expected. If sanity test fails, the build is rejected to save the time and costs involved in a more rigorous testing.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "XCeXiKvBblmDArfbWjDvw": {
+    "title": "Regression Testing",
+    "description": "Regression Testing is a type of software testing to confirm that a recent program or code change has not adversely affected existing features. Regression testing is a black box testing technique. Test cases are re-executed to check the previous functionality of the application is working fine and that the new changes have not produced any bugs.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Regression Testing",
+        "url": "https://www.javatpoint.com/regression-testing",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is Regression Testing with Test Cases",
+        "url": "https://www.guru99.com/regression-testing.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Testing",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/testing?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "MVShii4LZiWW_gPTJzkty": {
+    "title": "Smoke Testing",
+    "description": "Smoke Testing is a software testing process that determines whether the deployed software build is stable or not. Smoke testing is a confirmation for QA team to proceed with further software testing. It consists of a minimal set of tests run on each build to test software functionalities.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Smoke Testing | Software Testing",
+        "url": "https://www.guru99.com/smoke-testing.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Testing",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/testing?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "PMO3M33U6RuvNdINvqIAA": {
+    "title": "Unit Testing",
+    "description": "Unit testing is where individual **units** (modules, functions/methods, routines, etc.) of software are tested to ensure their correctness. This low-level testing ensures smaller components are functionally sound while taking the burden off of higher-level tests. Generally, a developer writes these tests during the development process and they are run as automated tests.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Unit Testing Tutorial",
+        "url": "https://www.guru99.com/unit-testing-guide.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Testing",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/testing?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is Unit Testing?",
+        "url": "https://youtu.be/3kzHmaeozDI",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "a_vwz-onn6QEoc27N6oBc": {
+    "title": "Integration Testing",
+    "description": "Integration Testing is a type of testing where software modules are integrated logically and tested as a group. A typical software project consists of multiple software modules coded by different programmers. This testing level aims to expose defects in the interaction between these software modules when they are integrated. Integration Testing focuses on checking data communication amongst these modules.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Integration Testing Tutorial",
+        "url": "https://www.guru99.com/integration-testing.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Testing",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/testing?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "Pb3QkhSCgRByJHuPxVAlU": {
+    "title": "SDLC Delivery Model",
+    "description": "The Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) is a process followed for a software project, within a software organization. It consists of a detailed plan describing how to develop, maintain, replace and alter or enhance specific software. The life cycle defines a methodology for improving the quality of software and the overall development process.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "QA Role In SDLC: Why Is Quality Assurance Important In IT",
+        "url": "https://cadabra.studio/blog/why-is-quality-assurance-important-qa-role-in-sdlc/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "SDLC Overview",
+        "url": "https://www.tutorialspoint.com/sdlc/sdlc_overview.htm",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about QA",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/qa?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "zELjfWwfEYSc1YO8JLoJn": {
+    "title": "V Model",
+    "description": "V Model is a highly disciplined SDLC model that has a testing phase parallel to each development phase. The V model is an extension of the waterfall model wherein software development and testing is executed in a sequential way. It's also known as the Validation or Verification Model.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "V-Model in Software Testing",
+        "url": "https://www.guru99.com/v-model-software-testing.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "7h-Xfp2Foiyn7-pI0w7ft": {
+    "title": "Waterfall",
+    "description": "Waterfall Model is a sequential model that divides software development into pre-defined phases. Each phase must be completed before the next phase can begin with no overlap between the phases. Each phase is designed for performing specific activity during the SDLC phase.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is Waterfall Model in SDLC? Advantages and Disadvantages",
+        "url": "https://www.guru99.com/what-is-sdlc-or-waterfall-model.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "47NXgbc1OTGE06qXxlQoh": {
+    "title": "Agile Model",
+    "description": "The agile model refers to a software development approach based on iterative development. Agile methods break tasks into smaller iterations or parts that do not directly involve long-term planning. The project scope and requirements are laid down at the beginning of the development process. Plans regarding the number of iterations, the duration, and the scope of each iteration are clearly defined in advance.\n\nThe Agile software development methodology is one of the simplest and most effective processes to turn a vision for a business need into software solutions.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Agile Methodology: What is Agile Model in Software Testing?",
+        "url": "https://www.guru99.com/agile-scrum-extreme-testing.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Agile Model",
+        "url": "https://www.javatpoint.com/software-engineering-agile-model",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Manifesto for Agile Software Development",
+        "url": "https://agilemanifesto.org/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Agile",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/agile?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "cJyQx-LBcOL11nkK-P2JH": {
+    "title": "Kanban",
+    "description": "Kanban is a very popular framework for development in the agile software development methodology. It provides a transparent way of visualizing the tasks and work capacity of a team. It mainly uses physical and digital boards to allow the team members to visualize the current state of the project they are working on.\n\nA kanban board is an agile project management tool designed to help visualize work, limit work-in-progress, and maximize efficiency.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Kanban - A brief introduction",
+        "url": "https://www.atlassian.com/agile/kanban",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Kanban Model in Software Engineering",
+        "url": "https://www.guru99.com/kanban-cards-boards-methodology.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "k3xPwDzA1WUEAwJ6-Q8PW": {
+    "title": "Scrum",
+    "description": "Scrum in Software Testing is a methodology for building complex software applications. It provides easy solutions for executing complicated tasks. Scrum helps the development team to focus on all aspects of the software product development like quality, performance, usability, and so on. It provides with transparency, inspection and adaptation during the software development to avoid complexity.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Scrum Testing Methodology Tutorial",
+        "url": "https://www.guru99.com/scrum-testing-beginner-guide.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Scrum - What is, How it works",
+        "url": "https://www.atlassian.com/agile/scrum",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Scrum",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/scrum?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "4SLrNPD_No05CKeAVDFn5": {
+    "title": "XP",
+    "description": "Extreme Programming (XP) is an agile software development framework that aims to produce higher quality software, and higher quality of life for the development team. XP is the most specific of the agile frameworks regarding appropriate engineering practices for software development.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is Extreme Programming (XP)?",
+        "url": "https://www.agilealliance.org/glossary/xp",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "Tdj051ANlwwpo03X1hjbF": {
+    "title": "SAFe",
+    "description": "Scaled Agile Framework (SAFe) is a freely available online knowledge base that allows you to apply lean-agile practices at the enterprise level. It provides a simple and lightweight experience for software development. It is a set of organizations and workflow patterns intended to guide enterprises for scaling lean and agile practices. It is divided into three segments which are Team, Program and Portfolio.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "SAFe (Scaled Agile Framework) Tutorial",
+        "url": "https://www.guru99.com/scaled-agile-framework.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "daUEq4xlh4PIltSdiD4F2": {
+    "title": "Manual Testing",
+    "description": "Manual Testing is a type of software testing in which test cases are executed manually by a tester without using any automated tools. The purpose of Manual Testing is to identify the bugs, issues, and defects in the software application. Manual software testing is the most primitive technique of all testing types and it helps to find critical bugs in the software application.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Manual Testing Tutorial: What is, Types, Concepts",
+        "url": "https://www.guru99.com/manual-testing.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Manual Testing",
+        "url": "https://www.javatpoint.com/manual-testing",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about QA",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/qa?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "M78baCVYpsk7C6j-VPvPZ": {
+    "title": "TDD",
+    "description": "Test Driven Development (TDD) is software development approach in which test cases are developed to specify and validate what the code will do. In simple terms, test cases for each functionality are created and tested first and if the test fails then the new code is written in order to pass the test and making code simple and bug-free.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is Test Driven Development (TDD)? Tutorial with Example",
+        "url": "https://www.guru99.com/test-driven-development.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Introduction to Test Driven Development (TDD)",
+        "url": "https://pt.coursera.org/learn/test-and-behavior-driven-development-tdd-bdd",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about TDD",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/tdd?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "2U8WRKkuF-YCEWtpgTspF": {
+    "title": "Test Planning",
+    "description": "A Test Plan is a detailed document that describes the test strategy, objectives, schedule, estimation, deliverables, and resources required to perform testing for a software product. Test Plan helps us determine the effort needed to validate the quality of the application under test.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Test Plan: What is, How to Create (with Example)",
+        "url": "https://www.guru99.com/what-everybody-ought-to-know-about-test-planing.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "ELnCFVRkO_s5qI_3Yzf5U": {
+    "title": "Test Cases and Scenarios",
+    "description": "A Test Case is a set of actions executed to verify a particular feature or functionality of your software application. A Test Case contains test steps, test data, precondition, and postcondition developed for a specific test scenario to verify any requirement. The test case includes specific variables or conditions, using which a testing engineer can compare expected and actual results to determine whether a software product is functioning as per the requirements of the customer.\n\nA Test Scenario is defined as any functionality that can be tested. It is a collective set of test cases which helps the testing team to determine the positive and negative characteristics of the project.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Test Case vs Test Scenario – Difference Between Them",
+        "url": "https://www.guru99.com/test-case-vs-test-scenario.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How to Write Test Cases in Software Testing with Examples",
+        "url": "https://www.guru99.com/test-case.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "RD0vRC-OL2ReYLT1leJMs": {
+    "title": "Compatibility",
+    "description": "Compatibility is nothing but the capability of existing or living together. Compatibility Testing is a type of Software testing to check whether your software is capable of running on different hardware, operating systems, applications, network environments or Mobile devices.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is Compatibility Testing? Forward & Backward Example",
+        "url": "https://www.guru99.com/compatibility-testing.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "vP76hqx-8Pri7sxdJDGV5": {
+    "title": "Verification and Validation",
+    "description": "Verification in Software Testing is a process of checking documents, design, code, and program in order to check if the software has been built according to the requirements or not. The main goal of verification process is to ensure quality of software application, design, architecture etc. The verification process involves activities like reviews, walk-throughs and inspection.\n\nValidation in Software Engineering is a dynamic mechanism of testing and validating if the software product actually meets the exact needs of the customer or not. The process helps to ensure that the software fulfills the desired use in an appropriate environment. The validation process involves activities like unit testing, integration testing, system testing and user acceptance testing.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Differences Between Verification and Validation",
+        "url": "https://www.guru99.com/verification-v-s-validation-in-a-software-testing.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Design Verification & Validation Process",
+        "url": "https://www.guru99.com/design-verification-process.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "pYkfl-4gMHRj9wIeH8RTP": {
+    "title": "HTML, CSS, JavaScript",
+    "description": "HTML stands for HyperText Markup Language. It is used on the front and gives structure to the webpage, which you can style using CSS and make interactive using JavaScript.\n\nCSS or Cascading Style Sheets is the language used to style the front end of any website. CSS is a cornerstone technology of the World Wide Web, alongside HTML and JavaScript.\n\nJavaScript allows you to add interactivity to your pages. You may have seen common examples on the websites: sliders, click interactions, popups, and so on.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "W3Schools: Learn HTML",
+        "url": "https://www.w3schools.com/html/html_intro.asp",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "W3Schools — Learn CSS",
+        "url": "https://www.w3schools.com/css/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "W3Schools – JavaScript Tutorial",
+        "url": "https://www.w3schools.com/js/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about CSS",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/css?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "cHI05cf8fLh3XB1Bt6jNP": {
+    "title": "Browser / Dev Tools",
+    "description": "Every modern web browser includes a powerful suite of developer tools. These tools do a range of things, from inspecting currently-loaded HTML, CSS and JavaScript to showing which assets the page has requested and how long they took to load. This article explains how to use the basic functions of your browser's devtools.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What are browser developer tools?",
+        "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn/Common_questions/What_are_browser_developer_tools",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about DevTools",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/devtools?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "jn02FD5hjhZFVWaJjjNN3": {
+    "title": "Ajax",
+    "description": "AJAX stands for Asynchronous JavaScript And XML. In a nutshell, it is the use of the XMLHttpRequest object to communicate with servers. It can send and receive information in various formats, including JSON, XML, HTML, and text files.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is AJAX?",
+        "url": "https://www.w3schools.com/whatis/whatis_ajax.asp",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Getting started",
+        "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/Guide/AJAX/Getting_Started",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What Is Ajax?",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3l13qGLTgNw",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "qvlA7iIOvoWMXm5MCAysZ": {
+    "title": "Caching",
+    "description": "Caching ensures that the resources downloaded once are reused instead of doing a fresh fetch again. It is useful for increasing subsequent page load speed by reusing cached images, fonts, and other static assets. Caching should not be typically done on dynamic content. For example list of posts or comments. As part of the testing strategy, both caching and cache invalidation (not getting stale dynamic content) needs to be tested.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Caching - Simply Explained",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6FyXURRVmR0",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "_2IwBNhB5SqbPRxGhZyhq": {
+    "title": "SWAs, PWAs, JAMStack",
+    "description": "SWAs\n----\n\nA Static Web Application is any web application that can be delivered directly to an end user's browser without any server-side alteration of the HTML, CSS, or JavaScript content. While this can encompass very flat, unchanging sites like a corporate web site, static web applications generally refer to rich sites that utilize technologies in the browser instead of on the server to deliver dynamic content.\n\nPWAs\n----\n\nAt their heart, Progressive Web Apps are just web applications. Using progressive enhancement, new capabilities are enabled in modern browsers. Using service workers and a web app manifest, your web application becomes reliable and installable. If the new capabilities aren't available, users still get the core experience.\n\nProgressive Web Apps provide you with a unique opportunity to deliver a web experience your users will love. Using the latest web features to bring enhanced capabilities and reliability, Progressive Web Apps allow what you build to be installed by anyone, anywhere, on any device with a single codebase.\n\nJamstack\n--------\n\nJamstack is an architectural approach that decouples the web experience layer from data and business logic, improving flexibility, scalability, performance, and maintainability. Jamstack removes the need for business logic to dictate the web experience. It enables a composable architecture for the web where custom logic and 3rd party services are consumed through APIs.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "SWA",
+        "url": "https://www.staticapps.org/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "PWA",
+        "url": "https://web.dev/progressive-web-apps/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Jamstack",
+        "url": "https://jamstack.org/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about JAMstack",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/jamstack?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "-2RU50LUPwCQ8XRaMslY-": {
+    "title": "CSR vs SSR",
+    "description": "CSR stands for Client Side Rendering and SSR stands for Server Side Rendering. CSR pages are computed in your machine and then shown by your browser while in the case of SSR, the server sends ready to show Html content directly. Primarily React, Vue, and Angular apps are examples of CSR (technically it is possible for them to be executed in SSR mode too) and almost all older tech stacks are SSR like PHP, ruby on rails, java, dot net, etc. From the user's standpoint, CSR apps take higher time to render but compensate by avoiding page reloads later (SPA) while SSR apps often have faster initial load time but do a full page reload often.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "SSR vs CSR vs SSG",
+        "url": "https://medium.com/@prashantramnyc/server-side-rendering-ssr-vs-client-side-rendering-csr-vs-pre-rendering-using-static-site-89f2d05182ef",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Web Development",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/webdev?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Server Side Rendering vs Client Side Rendering",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rNVcZklcmqU",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "6cGPxfJ9ipij40hnmckxV": {
+    "title": "Responsive vs Adaptive",
+    "description": "There are two approaches to ensuring a website is optimized for mobile, tablet, laptop and PC screens: responsive design and adaptive design. While both are intended to solve the same problem, they use different strategies.\n\nWhat is responsive design?\n==========================\n\nA website created with responsive design serves up the same site to every device, but that site is fluid and will change its layout and appearance based on the size and orientation of the device.\n\nDevelopers use CSS to ensure each page of the site can reformat based on the size of the user's viewport and only need to create one codebase for the site. They use something called breakpoints to tell the site when to adjust to accommodate different screen sizes.\n\nThe majority of new sites now use responsive, which has been made easier for less experienced designers and developers, thanks to the availability of themes accessible through CMS systems such as WordPress, Joomla, and Drupal.\n\nResponsive design does not offer as much control as adaptive, but takes much less work to both build and maintain. Responsive layouts are also fluid, and whilst adaptive can and do use percentages to give a more fluid feel when scaling, these can again cause a jump when a window is resized.\n\nWhat is adaptive design?\n========================\n\nIn adaptive design, a different website layout is created for each device's screen. As it loads, the site recognizes the size of the screen and serves up the layout that was made for that viewport. In fact, you can create a different user experience for each of six common screen sizes from very small to very large: 320px, 480px, 760px, 960px, 1200px and 1600px.\n\nAdaptive is useful for retrofitting an existing site in order to make it more suitable for mobile phones. This allows you to take control of the design and web development for specific, multiple viewports. The number of viewports that you choose to design for is entirely up to you, your company, and your overall budget. It does, however, afford you a certain amount of control (for example over content and layout) that you will not necessarily have using responsive design.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "_3HfVT8IDlcgvUM4h6A0_": {
+    "title": "Selenium IDE",
+    "description": "Selenium IDE is an open source web automation testing tool from the Selenium Suite used primarily for QA purposes. It functions as a Firefox extension and does not require any programming knowledge and test cases can be created simply by interacting with the browser.\n\nSelenium itself is an open-source, automated testing tool used to test web applications across various browsers. It's primarily built in Java and supports several browsers and programming languages. Selenium IDE was developed to speed up the creation of automation scripts. It’s a rapid prototyping tool and can be used by engineers with no programming knowledge whatsoever. Because of its simplicity, Selenium IDE is best used as a prototyping tool and not a complete solution for developing and maintaining complex test suites.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Selenium IDE Website",
+        "url": "https://www.selenium.dev/selenium-ide/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Selenium IDE Tutorial",
+        "url": "https://www.softwaretestinghelp.com/selenium-ide-script-selenium-tutorial-3/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Selenium",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/selenium?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "mX7bNNP7WjFdlsRK6qIgy": {
+    "title": "Ghost Inspector",
+    "description": "Ghost Inspector is a codeless automated testing tool that allows you to easily create and run automated browser tests for websites and web applications. These tests carry out actions in a web browser the same way a real user would to ensure that everything is working properly.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Ghost Inspector Website",
+        "url": "https://ghostinspector.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What Is Ghost Inspector? Overview & Tour Of Features",
+        "url": "https://theqalead.com/test-management/what-is-ghost-inspector-overview-tour-of-features/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "wUq-qEIh-tazYhgQQUqGG": {
+    "title": "Bug Magnet",
+    "description": "Exploratory Testing is all about exploring the software by navigating random paths and discovering what it can do and what it can’t. In exploratory testing we try to verify how well system reacts to special/invalid inputs and edge cases. Bug Magnet will help you configure Data validations and variety input scenarios likely to cause issues.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Bug Magnet Website",
+        "url": "https://bugmagnet.org/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Bug Magnet: Chrome Extension for Exploratory Testing",
+        "url": "http://www.testingjournals.com/bug-magnet-extension-exploratory-testing/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "cFhOYHgq1_MUSXjDI_fFN": {
+    "title": "Webdriver.io",
+    "description": "WebdriverIO is a progressive automation framework built to automate modern web and mobile applications. It simplifies the interaction with your app and provides a set of plugins that help you create a scalable, robust and stable test suite.\n\nWebdriverIO leverages the power of the WebDriver protocol that is developed and supported by all browser vendors and guarantees a true cross-browser testing experience. While other automation tools require you to download modified browser that aren't used by actual users or emulate user behavior by injecting JavaScript, WebdriverIO relies on a common agreed standard for automation that is properly tested and ensures compatibility for decades to come.\n\nDuring the development of this automation standard the web has changed a lot and many of the requirements that developers have today to test their web application can not be fulfilled using WebDriver anymore. While some of the core contributors of this project help support the next generation of the WebDriver protocol, WebdriverIO provides an alternative automation solution based on the Chrome DevTools protocol. This allows the user to seamlessly switch between conventional commands based on WebDriver and powerful browser interactions through Puppeteer.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "WebdriverIO Website",
+        "url": "https://webdriver.io/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "A brief overview of WebdriverIO",
+        "url": "https://webdriver.io/docs/what-is-webdriverio",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Getting started with WebdriverIO",
+        "url": "https://webdriver.io/docs/gettingstarted",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "WebdriverIO Tutorial",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e8goAKb6CC0&list=PL6AdzyjjD5HBbt9amjf3wIVMaobb28ZYN",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "CHqfXjRRdS_c6XMnfVVx-": {
+    "title": "Playwright",
+    "description": "Playwright Test was created specifically to accommodate the needs of end-to-end testing. Playwright supports all modern rendering engines including Chromium, WebKit, and Firefox. Test on Windows, Linux, and macOS, locally or on CI, headless or headed with native mobile emulation of Google Chrome for Android and Mobile Safari.Playwright leverages the DevTools protocol to write powerful, stable automated tests.Playwright can actually see into and control the browser rather than relying on a middle translation layer, it allows for the simulation of more insightful and relevant user scenarios.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Official Website: Playwright",
+        "url": "https://playwright.dev/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Playwright Tutorial: Learn Basics and Setup",
+        "url": "https://www.browserstack.com/guide/playwright-tutorial",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "414xO4PX9rU0f39aC7awu": {
+    "title": "QA Wolf",
+    "description": "QA Wolf is a hybrid platform & service that helps software teams ship better software faster by taking QA completely off their plate.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "QA Wolf",
+        "url": "https://www.qawolf.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "QA Wolf Official Docs",
+        "url": "https://app.qawolf.com/docs/why-qa-wolf",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Getting started with QA Wolf",
+        "url": "https://app.qawolf.com/docs/create-a-test",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about QA",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/qa?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "QA Wolf Tutorial",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BRxVu0De-4k&list=PL33T95M59Kkg1zKCU5NHc2g2XYXOs3-DU",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "iQ7xwiA6xmbLyRIkI7tXM": {
+    "title": "Cypress",
+    "description": "Cypress framework is a JavaScript-based end-to-end testing framework built on top of Mocha – a feature-rich JavaScript test framework running on and in the browser, making asynchronous testing simple and convenient. It also uses a BDD/TDD assertion library and a browser to pair with any JavaScript testing framework.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Official Website",
+        "url": "https://www.cypress.io/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Official Documentation",
+        "url": "https://docs.cypress.io/guides/overview/why-cypress#Other",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How it works",
+        "url": "https://www.cypress.io/how-it-works",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Cypress",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/cypress?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Cypress End-to-End Testing",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7N63cMKosIE",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "HP55XWH18THmCNjCq-gBl": {
+    "title": "Jasmine",
+    "description": "Jasmine is a very popular JavaScript BDD (behavior-driven development) framework for unit testing JavaScript applications. It provides utilities that can be used to run automated tests for both synchronous and asynchronous code. It does not depend on any other JavaScript frameworks. It does not require a DOM.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Jasmines Official Website",
+        "url": "https://jasmine.github.io/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Easy and Practical example of Angular testing with Jasmine",
+        "url": "https://semaphoreci.com/community/tutorials/testing-components-in-angular-2-with-jasmine",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Starting with Jasmine from Scratch",
+        "url": "https://www.testim.io/blog/jasmine-js-a-from-scratch-tutorial-to-start-testing",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "Ta1leBdu-Y9LryB-0U-CT": {
+    "title": "Nightwatch",
+    "description": "Nightwatch.js is an open-source automated testing framework that is powered by Node.js and provides complete E2E (end to end) solutions to automation testing with Selenium Javascript be it for web apps, browser apps, and websites.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Nightwatch.js Website",
+        "url": "https://nightwatchjs.org/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "NightwatchJS Tutorial: Get Started with Automation Testing",
+        "url": "https://www.browserstack.com/guide/nightwatch-framework-tutorial",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "nf76o_NYm0-pSIVBFm7IH": {
+    "title": "Robot",
+    "description": "Robot Framework is a Python-based, extensible keyword-driven automation framework for acceptance testing, acceptance test driven development (ATDD), behavior driven development (BDD) and robotic process automation (RPA).\n\nRobot Framework is open and extensible. Robot Framework can be integrated with virtually any other tool to create powerful and flexible automation solutions.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Robot Framework Official Website",
+        "url": "https://robotframework.org/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Robot Framework Official User Guide",
+        "url": "https://robotframework.org/robotframework/latest/RobotFrameworkUserGuide.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Basic Step-by-step Robot Framework tutorial",
+        "url": "https://medium.com/swlh/robot-framework-the-basics-dfeadc025bea",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "s3HMrqNEVogftCIOZYO61": {
+    "title": "Selenium",
+    "description": "Selenium is an open-source tool that automates web browsers. It provides a single interface that lets you write test scripts in programming languages like Ruby, Java, NodeJS, PHP, Perl, Python, and C#, among others.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Seleniums Official Website",
+        "url": "https://www.selenium.dev/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Selenium Tutorial",
+        "url": "https://www.browserstack.com/selenium",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Selenium",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/selenium?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "ZeJSeYs8fkZLQ-Pc3TqEM": {
+    "title": "Jest",
+    "description": "Jest is a delightful JavaScript Testing Framework with a focus on simplicity. It works with projects using: Babel, TypeScript, Node, React, Angular, Vue and more!\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Official Website",
+        "url": "https://jestjs.io/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Official Documentation",
+        "url": "https://jestjs.io/docs/getting-started",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Jest",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/jest?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Jest Crash Course - Unit Testing in JavaScript",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7r4xVDI2vho",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "YKHlLKIlL-Y4ZtHTLfApu": {
+    "title": "Puppeteer",
+    "description": "Puppeteer is a Node library which provides a high-level API to control headless Chrome or Chromium over the DevTools Protocol. It can also be configured to use full (non-headless) Chrome or Chromium.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Puppetter",
+        "url": "https://developer.chrome.com/docs/puppeteer/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Crawling",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/crawling?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "hU5OCnEe3tG206xuGsVFd": {
+    "title": "Frontend Automation",
+    "description": "Front-end automation is a way to characterize automation that streamlines tasks focused on interactivity, websites, and attended processes. Robotic process automation, or RPA, is considered automation on the front end, or from the user-interface (UI) level. Benefits of front-end automation include quick task building with no programming knowledge, no required changes to existing programs or applications, and those individuals who know the keystrokes can easily build the automation task.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "How we do automated testing on our frontend",
+        "url": "https://dev.to/davidz/how-we-do-automated-testing-on-our-frontend-b10",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Automation",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/automation?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "mPaMQ5h8ZcXKOfcuSwB2-": {
+    "title": "Backend Automation",
+    "description": "Backend Testing is a testing method that checks the server side or database of web applications or software. Backend testing aims to test the application layer or database layer to ensure that the web application or software is free from database defects like deadlock, data corruption, or data loss.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is backend testing?",
+        "url": "https://testinggenez.com/what-is-backend-testing-and-types/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Backend Testing Tutorial",
+        "url": "https://www.guru99.com/what-is-backend-testing.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Automation",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/automation?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "5cMhZ-7YMQ6ccs-AaIi-0": {
+    "title": "Cypress",
+    "description": "Cypress framework is a JavaScript-based end-to-end testing framework built on top of Mocha – a feature-rich JavaScript test framework running on and in the browser, making asynchronous testing simple and convenient. It also uses a BDD/TDD assertion library and a browser to pair with any JavaScript testing framework.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Official Website",
+        "url": "https://www.cypress.io/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Official Documentation",
+        "url": "https://docs.cypress.io/guides/overview/why-cypress#Other",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Cypress - End to End Testing Framework",
+        "url": "https://dev.to/bushraalam/cypress-end-to-end-testing-framework-3naa",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Cypress",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/cypress?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Cypress End-to-End Testing",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7N63cMKosIE",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Cypress Tips & Trics",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PZ2OsLBts1E&list=PLP9o9QNnQuAYYRpJzDNWpeuOVTwxmIxcI",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "ZKOU7dWcrkKzTdt0wxwuO": {
+    "title": "Playwright",
+    "description": "Playwright is an open-source library for automating web browsers built by Microsoft, similar to Selenium, it's commonly used for testing web applications. It's built on top of the .NET Core runtime and it provides bindings for C#, it allows developers to write tests for web applications in C# or other .NET languages. Playwright is designed to be fast and reliable and allows developers to run tests in multiple browsers.\n\nTo learn more, visit the following:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Playwright for .NET",
+        "url": "https://github.com/microsoft/playwright-dotnet",
+        "type": "opensource"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How to test Apps with Playwright and .NETs",
+        "url": "https://www.twilio.com/blog/test-web-apps-with-playwright-and-csharp-dotnet",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "End-to-End Tests With ASP.NET and Playwright",
+        "url": "https://khalidabuhakmeh.com/end-to-end-test-with-aspnet-core-xunit-and-playwright",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "eE9F3YviSpmgor6V5NMj5": {
+    "title": "Soap UI",
+    "description": "SoapUI is the world's leading Functional Testing tool for SOAP and REST testing. With its easy-to-use graphical interface, and enterprise-class features, SoapUI allows you to easily and rapidly create and execute automated functional, regression, and load tests.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "SoapUI Official Website",
+        "url": "https://www.soapui.org/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "SoapUI Docs",
+        "url": "https://www.soapui.org/getting-started/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "8zXn8R9OGWTmreBpstj03": {
+    "title": "Karateframework",
+    "description": "Karate is the only open-source tool to combine API test-automation, mocks, performance-testing and even UI automation into a single, unified framework. The BDD syntax popularized by Cucumber is language-neutral, and easy for even non-programmers. Assertions and HTML reports are built-in, and you can run tests in parallel for speed.\n\nThere's also a cross-platform stand-alone executable for teams not comfortable with Java. You don't have to compile code. Just write tests in a simple, readable syntax - carefully designed for HTTP, JSON, GraphQL and XML. And you can mix API and UI test-automation within the same test script.\n\nA Java API also exists for those who prefer to programmatically integrate Karate's rich automation and data-assertion capabilities.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "karate architecture",
+        "url": "https://github.com/karatelabs/karate/blob/master/karate-core/src/test/resources/karate-map.jpg?raw=true",
+        "type": "opensource"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "karate website",
+        "url": "https://www.karatelabs.io/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "karate for beginner",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1f6xtJpRx4k&list=PLhW3qG5bs-L-y5Q1zDXJAur1JNZVFB534",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "X_nLwzc1QmShivEjfy6v9": {
+    "title": "Postman / Newman",
+    "description": "Postman is an API platform for building and using APIs. Postman simplifies each step of the API lifecycle and streamlines collaboration so you can create better APIs—faster. It is an API client that makes it easy for developers to create, share, test, and document APIs. With this open-source solution, users can create and save simple and complex HTTP/s requests and read their responses.\n\nNewman is a command-line Collection Runner for Postman. It enables you to run and test a Postman Collection directly from the command line. It's built with extensibility to integrate it with your continuous integration servers and build systems.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Postman website",
+        "url": "https://www.postman.com",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Learn postman",
+        "url": "https://learning.postman.com/docs/getting-started/introduction/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Newman cli usage",
+        "url": "https://learning.postman.com/docs/running-collections/using-newman-cli/command-line-integration-with-newman/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Postman",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/postman?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "API testing with postman",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VywxIQ2ZXw4",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "gECIgOii7C5MzilSbQP9t": {
+    "title": "REST Assured",
+    "description": "Rest-assured helps developers and test engineers to test REST APIs in Java ease by using techniques used in dynamic languages such as Groovy and Ruby.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "REST-assured Website",
+        "url": "https://rest-assured.io",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "REST Assured Tutorial: How to test API with Example",
+        "url": "https://www.guru99.com/rest-assured.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about REST API",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/rest-api?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "ITtBvrJ8dsW-5LQV8tWgO": {
+    "title": "Mobile Automation",
+    "description": "Mobile automation, as the name suggests, refers to 'automation' that is done on mobile devices. Mobile Automation can test a WAP site or an app. As we know, mobile devices consist of hardware and software components, while a mobile application is simply the software. Testing the mobile device is also connected to evaluating the hardware component and the software part.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Mobile Automation Testing Steps and Process",
+        "url": "https://u-tor.com/topic/mobile-automation-steps",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Automation",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/automation?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "stMeB1U3SfuefZ-yS8wGF": {
+    "title": "Espresso",
+    "description": "Espresso is a native testing framework for Android to write reliable UI tests. Google released the Espresso framework in October 2013 and, as of release version 2.0, Espresso is part of the Android Support Repository. One of the important features in Espresso is that it automatically synchronizes your test actions with the user interface of your application. The framework also ensures that your activity is started before the test runs. It can also force a test to wait until all observer background activities have finished, which is sometimes a problem with other testing frameworks.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Espresso Code Samples on Github",
+        "url": "https://github.com/android/testing-samples",
+        "type": "opensource"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Official Documentation",
+        "url": "https://developer.android.com/training/testing/espresso#kotlin",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Espresso Testing Tutorial",
+        "url": "https://www.tutorialspoint.com/espresso_testing/index.htm",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "gZnNHDjFMI003Od7u2RNa": {
+    "title": "Detox",
+    "description": "Detox is a JavaScript mobile testing framework that is built into the application and the test execution starts with app launch. This makes test execution really fast and robust as no external additional tools are needed to orchestrate and synchronize during the test execution.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Detox Website",
+        "url": "https://wix.github.io/Detox/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Getting Started with Detox",
+        "url": "https://wix.github.io/Detox/docs/introduction/getting-started",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Test Automation Tools: Detox",
+        "url": "https://www.spritecloud.com/test-automation-tools-detox/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "UIKUiCfSw5MkrRJZ3Ah3x": {
+    "title": "Appium",
+    "description": "Appium is an open-source framework that allows QAs to conduct automated app testing on different platforms like Android, iOS, and Windows. It is developed and supported by Sauce Labs to automate native and hybrid mobile apps. It is a cross-platform mobile automation tool, which means that it allows the same test to be run on multiple platforms.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Appium example tests on Github",
+        "url": "https://github.com/appium/appium/tree/1.x/sample-code",
+        "type": "opensource"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Appium Website",
+        "url": "https://appium.io/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Appium Tutorial for Mobile Application Testing",
+        "url": "https://www.browserstack.com/guide/appium-tutorial-for-testing",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Appium Website",
+        "url": "https://appium.io/docs/en/2.0/intro/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "Q6eNkuRI6dPa9X44pwrea": {
+    "title": "XCUITest",
+    "description": "Mobile app testing, and more specifically, app UI testing involves checking how the interface behaves when user actions are performed and then compares results with expected outcomes. Here, testers try to replicate exactly how a user would interact with the application and validate the state of the UI. XCUITest allows them to write test cases for these purposes using two fundamental concepts.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Official Documentation",
+        "url": "https://developer.apple.com/documentation/xctest/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Getting Started with XCUITest",
+        "url": "https://www.browserstack.com/guide/getting-started-xcuitest-framework",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Xcuitest - End to End Testing",
+        "url": "https://testautomationu.applitools.com/learningpaths.html?id=mobile-swift-path",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "mmDIqSD6MU3ZhWREGI5E2": {
+    "title": "Accessibility Tests",
+    "description": "In software QA, accessibility testing is the practice of confirming that an application is usable for as many people as possible, including people with disabilities such as vision impairment, hearing problems and cognitive conditions.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Accessibility testing -Javapoint",
+        "url": "https://www.javatpoint.com/accessibility-testing",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Accessibility",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/accessibility?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "Lb1ctvpMcKIvsC0WQ5q43": {
+    "title": "Wave",
+    "description": "Wave is a suite of evaluation tools that helps authors make their web content more accessible to individuals with disabilities. WAVE can identify many accessibility and Web Content Accessibility Guideline (WCAG) errors, but also facilitates human evaluation of web content.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Wave Website",
+        "url": "https://wave.webaim.org/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "WAVE Accessibility Testing Tool Tutorial",
+        "url": "https://www.softwaretestinghelp.com/web-accessibility-testing-tools/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "_4jJ8YQeLcaT-z38kxRRR": {
+    "title": "AXE",
+    "description": "Axe is a fast and lightweight accessibility testing tool that checks the entire document against the rules and generates a report with all violations, passes, etc.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Axe Website",
+        "url": "https://www.deque.com/axe/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Accessibility testing using the axe-core library",
+        "url": "https://www.browserstack.com/docs/automate/selenium/accessibility-testing",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "Xadg2WZTz6Cc_Ir9FsbgY": {
+    "title": "Chrome DevTools",
+    "description": "These are a set of tools built into the browser to aid frontend developers diagnose and solve various issues in their applications — such as JavaScript and logical bugs, CSS styling issues or even just making quick temporary alterations to the DOM.\n\nTo enter the dev tools, right click and click **Inspect** (or press `ctrl+shift+c`/`cmd+opt+c`) to enter the Elements panel. Here you can debug CSS and HTML issues. If you want to see logged messages or interact with javascript, enter the **Console** tab from the tabs above (or press `ctrl+shift+j`/`cmd+opt+j` to enter it directly). Another very useful feature in the Chrome dev tools is the Lighthouse (for checking performance) — more on this later.\n\nNOTE: This isn't a chrome-specific feature, and most browsers (Chromium based or otherwise) will have their own, largely-similar set of devtools.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Official Docs",
+        "url": "https://developer.chrome.com/docs/devtools/overview/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about DevTools",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/devtools?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "wTfvbS62eyitDT8pLsVhj": {
+    "title": "Load & Performance Testing",
+    "description": "Performance Testing is a subset of Performance Engineering. It is a process of evaluating a system’s behavior under various extreme conditions. The main intent of performance testing is to monitor and improve key performance indicators such as response time, throughput, memory, CPU utilization, and more.\n\nThere are three objectives (three S) of Performance testing to observe and evaluate: `Speed`, `Scalability` and `Stability`. Following are the commonly used performance testing types, but not limited to:\n\n*   Load Testing\n*   Stress Testing\n*   Spike Testing\n*   Endurance Testing\n*   Volume Testing\n*   Scalability Testing\n*   Capacity Testing\n\nLoad Testing is one type of performance testing. It helps to evaluate the application under tests' behaviors such as response time, throughput, pass/fail transactions, and more under the normal workload. e.g., cart checkout response time is 500 milliseconds under typical business hours.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "fkUxhrP3LhtIVgIP9Dxar": {
+    "title": "Lighthouse",
+    "description": "Lighthouse is an open-source, automated tool for improving the quality of web pages. You can run it against any web page, public or requiring authentication. It has audits for performance, accessibility, progressive web apps, SEO, and more. You can run Lighthouse in Chrome DevTools, from the command line, or as a Node module. You give Lighthouse a URL to audit, run a series of audits against the page, and then generate a report on how well the page did. From there, use the failing audits as indicators on how to improve the page. Each audit has a reference doc explaining why the audit is important and how to fix it.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Lighthouse Website",
+        "url": "https://github.com/GoogleChrome/lighthouse/",
+        "type": "opensource"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Lighthouse",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/lighthouse?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "igbQfUpmMSKYyAOVkSCLM": {
+    "title": "Webpage Test",
+    "description": "WebPageTest is a web performance tool providing deep diagnostic information about how a page performs under a variety of conditions.\n\nEach test can be run from different locations around the world, on real browsers, over any number of customizable network conditions.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "WebPageTest Website",
+        "url": "https://www.webpagetest.org/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "J1Yx1VcO20Lc3r3PdGpUW": {
+    "title": "Gatling",
+    "description": "Gatling is a highly capable load testing tool. It is designed for ease of use, maintainability and high performance.\n\nOut of the box, Gatling comes with excellent support of the HTTP protocol that makes it a tool of choice for load testing any HTTP server. As the core engine is actually protocol agnostic, it is perfectly possible to implement support for other protocols. For example, Gatling currently also ships JMS support.\n\nGatling’s architecture is asynchronous as long as the underlying protocol, such as HTTP, can be implemented in a non blocking way. This kind of architecture lets us implement virtual users as messages instead of dedicated threads, making them very resource cheap. Thus, running thousands of concurrent virtual users is not an issue.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Gatling Website",
+        "url": "https://gatling.io/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Learn Gatling",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLJ9A48W0kpRJE6s8I1MjWm-z8BGbUYNCw",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "Jcp29_ASj9QZ_DjDBIapJ": {
+    "title": "K6",
+    "description": "Grafana k6 is an open-source load testing tool that makes performance testing easy and productive for engineering teams. k6 is free, developer-centric, and extensible.\n\nUsing k6, you can test the reliability and performance of your systems and catch performance regressions and problems earlier. k6 will help you to build resilient and performant applications that scale.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "k6 Website",
+        "url": "https://k6.io/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Learn k6",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLJ9A48W0kpRJKmVeurt7ltKfrOdr8ZBdt",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "j1DYOQbIUT1tw_9WIPBkE": {
+    "title": "Artillery",
+    "description": "Artillery is a modern, powerful & easy-to-use performance testing toolkit. Use it to ship scalable applications that stay performant & resilient under high load.\n\nArtillery prioritizes developer productivity and happiness, and follows the \"batteries-included\" philosophy.\n\nFeatures\n--------\n\n*   Emulate complex user behavior with scenarios\n*   Load testing and smoke testing\n*   Batteries included\n*   Extensible & hackable\n*   Integrations and add-ons\n*   Designed for cross-team collaboration\n*   Planet-scale testing\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Artillery Website",
+        "url": "https://www.artillery.io/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Learn Artillery",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLJ9A48W0kpRJh1_uW2mVNhSIVCMYmNlm7",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "LGZlOPNYQp0O_vapnciEI": {
+    "title": "Vegeta",
+    "description": "Vegeta is a versatile HTTP load testing tool built out of a need to drill HTTP services with a constant request rate. It can be used both as a command line utility and a library.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Vegeta Website",
+        "url": "https://github.com/tsenart/vegeta",
+        "type": "opensource"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "UeeDNUPZ61_HHgcaF9-__": {
+    "title": "JMeter",
+    "description": "Apache JMeter is an Apache project that can be used as a load testing tool for analyzing and measuring the performance of a variety of services, with a focus on web applications.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Apache JMeter Website",
+        "url": "https://jmeter.apache.org/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Testing",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/testing?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Learn JMeter",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLJ9A48W0kpRIjLkZ32Do9yDZXnnm7_uj_",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "QjAJIfSQe7WjbyYdGWSP8": {
+    "title": "Locust",
+    "description": "Locust is an easy-to-use, scriptable and scalable performance testing tool. You define the behavior of your users in regular Python code instead of being stuck in a UI or restrictive domain-specific language. This makes Locust infinitely expandable and very developer friendly. Given below are some of the features of Locust.\n\n*   Write test scenarios in plain old Python\n*   Distributed and scalable - supports hundreds of thousands of concurrent users\n*   Web-based UI\n*   Can test any system\n*   Hackable\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Locust Website",
+        "url": "https://locust.io/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Learn Locust",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLJ9A48W0kpRKMCzJARCObgJs3SinOewp5",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "wsJXMvRbOTh_VXKhmhPmQ": {
+    "title": "Security Testing",
+    "description": "Security testing is a process intended to reveal flaws in the security mechanisms of an information system that protect data and maintain functionality as intended. Due to the logical limitations of security testing, passing the security testing process is not an indication that no flaws exist or that the system adequately satisfies the security requirements.\n\nTypical security requirements may include specific elements of confidentiality, integrity, authentication, availability, authorization and non-repudiation. Actual security requirements tested depend on the security requirements implemented by the system. Security testing as a term has a number of different meanings and can be completed in a number of different ways. As such, a Security Taxonomy helps us to understand these different approaches and meanings by providing a base level to work from.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Security Testing Wiki",
+        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Security_testing",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Security",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/security?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "75-XdVA4BL6UrcvpC9grx": {
+    "title": "Authentication / Authorization",
+    "description": "`Authentication` is the process of verifying that an individual, entity or website is whom it claims to be. Authentication in the context of web applications is commonly performed by submitting a username or ID and one or more items of private information that only a given user should know.\n\n`Authorization` may be defined as \"the process of verifying that a requested action or service is approved for a specific entity\" (NIST). `Authorization` is distinct from authentication which is the process of verifying an entity's identity. When designing and developing a software solution, it is important to keep these distinctions in mind. A user who has been authenticated (perhaps by providing a username and password) is often not authorized to access every resource and perform every action that is technically possible through a system.\n\nFor example, a web app may have both regular users and admins, with the admins being able to perform actions the average user is not privileged to do so, even though they have been authenticated. Additionally, authentication is not always required for accessing resources; an unauthenticated user may be authorized to access certain public resources, such as an image or login page, or even an entire web app.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "OWASP Website",
+        "url": "https://cheatsheetseries.owasp.org/cheatsheets/Authorization_Cheat_Sheet.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Authentication",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/authentication?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "mKM27KrX1CEViOwz1EDtQ": {
+    "title": "Vulnerability Scanning",
+    "description": "Vulnerability scanning identifies hosts and host attributes (e.g., operating systems, applications, open ports), but it also attempts to identify vulnerabilities rather than relying on human interpretation of the scanning results. Many vulnerability scanners are equipped to accept results from network discovery and network port and service identification, which reduces the amount of work needed for vulnerability scanning.\n\nAlso, some scanners can perform their own network discovery and network port and service identification. Vulnerability scanning can help identify outdated software versions, missing patches, and misconfigurations, and validate compliance with or deviations from an organization’s security policy.\n\nThis is done by identifying the operating systems and major software applications running on the hosts and matching them with information on known vulnerabilities stored in the scanners’ vulnerability databases.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "NIST Website",
+        "url": "https://csrc.nist.gov/glossary/term/vulnerability_scanning",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Vulnerability",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/vulnerability?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "YV6ST78AH4J0i2Rw9zhZj": {
+    "title": "Secrets Management",
+    "description": "Secrets Management is a systematic way of in managing, storing, securing, and retrieving credentials for any systems, database, and other services.\n\nCredentials such as passwords, SSH keys, certificates, API keys, backup codes, and more.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "AWS Secrets Management Website",
+        "url": "https://aws.amazon.com/secrets-manager/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Vault Website",
+        "url": "https://www.vaultproject.io/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Secrets Management",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/secrets-management?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "JR-MkszNvv96-S3DpyLeX": {
+    "title": "OWASP 10",
+    "description": "The Open Web Application Security Project, or OWASP, is an international non-profit organization dedicated to web application security.\n\nThe OWASP Top 10 is a regularly-updated report outlining security concerns for web application security, focusing on the 10 most critical risks. The report is put together by a team of security experts from all over the world. OWASP refers to the Top 10 as an ‘awareness document’ and they recommend that all companies incorporate the report into their processes in order to minimize and/or mitigate security risks.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "OWASP Top 10",
+        "url": "https://owasp.org/www-project-top-ten/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is the OWASP Top 10?",
+        "url": "https://www.cloudflare.com/learning/security/threats/owasp-top-10/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "x3HEti8-xF9Mxe5ELBM9T": {
+    "title": " Attack Vectors",
+    "description": "This metric reflects the context by which vulnerability exploitation is possible. This metric value (and consequently the Base Score) will be larger the more remote (logically, and physically) an attacker can be in order to exploit the vulnerable component. The assumption is that the number of potential attackers for a vulnerability that could be exploited from across a network is larger than the number of potential attackers that could exploit a vulnerability requiring physical access to a device, and therefore warrants a greater Base Score.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "FIRST.org Website",
+        "url": "https://www.first.org/cvss/v3.1/specification-document",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Security",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/security?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "G-F6jQTOAZ2kQ36F-VrBB": {
+    "title": "Email Testing",
+    "description": "Email testing allows you to view your email before sending it out to your subscriber list to verify links, design, spelling errors, and more.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "About Email Testing",
+        "url": "https://www.campaignmonitor.com/blog/email-marketing/how-email-testing-and-rendering-works-and-why-its-important/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Checklist: How to Test and QA an Email",
+        "url": "https://sponge.io/checklist-how-to-test-and-qa-an-email/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about QA",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/qa?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "rFjtp3-cnaUmHiKfjPZBn": {
+    "title": "Mailinator",
+    "description": "Mailinator allows Developers and QA Testing teams to automatically test their SMS and Email workflows like 2FA verifications, sign-ups, and password resets with trillions of inboxes at your fingertips. Whether you do Manual Testing, use an API, or a framework like Selenium, Cypress, Playwright, or Puppeteer - Mailinator will close the loop on email/SMS testing.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Mailinator",
+        "url": "https://www.mailinator.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Mailinator Official Docs",
+        "url": "https://www.mailinator.com/docs/index.html#mailinator",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "mIM9ausl_tSUNPUerIfEr": {
+    "title": "Gmail Tester",
+    "description": "Gmail-tester is a simple Node.js Gmail client which checks/returns email message(s) straight from any Gmail-powered account (both private and company).\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Gmail-tester Website",
+        "url": "https://www.npmjs.com/package/gmail-tester",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Using the gmail-tester + Puppeteer to poll Gmail inbox",
+        "url": "https://medium.com/@sergtimosh/using-gmail-tester-puppeteer-to-poll-gmail-inbox-65bbee17618c",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "MyAAsHteSr4JCPEpqjsy9": {
+    "title": "Reporting",
+    "description": "The International Software Testing Qualifications Board (ISTQB) glossary defines a QA report as: _Documentation summarizing test activities and results_. By documenting the testing that was conducted and the results that were achieved, QA reports provide valuable insight into the health of the code base and critical metrics. As such, they should be generated on a regular basis to ensure the quality standards are being met. So basically, test reports should document all of the test cases that were performed during software testing, as well as the results of those tests. They should also deliver relevant information about the product and highlight any areas where improvements can be made.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "How do you write a QA report?",
+        "url": "https://www.netguru.com/blog/how-to-write-qa-report",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How To Write QA Test Summary Report? [13 Easy Steps]",
+        "url": "https://www.qatouch.com/blog/how-to-write-qa-test-summary-report/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about QA",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/qa?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "o4nkmhEDGwi8yE6DSwZi5": {
+    "title": "TestRail",
+    "description": "TestRail is a web-based test management tool used by testers, developers and other stake holders to manage, track and organize software testing efforts. It follows a centralized test management concept that helps in easy communication and enables rapid development of task across QA team and other stakeholders .\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Testrail",
+        "url": "https://www.gurock.com/testrail/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Testrail Official Docs",
+        "url": "https://support.gurock.com/hc/en-us/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Testrail Tutorial Docs",
+        "url": "https://www.tutorialspoint.com/testrail/testrail_introduction.htm",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "jaHOo-vZGjTnABxQKMT3_": {
+    "title": "Allure",
+    "description": "Allure Report is a flexible, lightweight multi-language test reporting tool. It provides clear graphical reports and allows everyone involved in the development process to extract the maximum of information from the everyday testing process.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Allure",
+        "url": "https://qameta.io/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Allure Official Docs",
+        "url": "https://docs.qameta.io/allure-report/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "5bNdrymdzqL0VbTqWt8r2": {
+    "title": "jUnit",
+    "description": "JUnit is known as a unit testing framework used for the Java programming language. JUnit has been playing a crucial in the development of test-driven development and is one of a family of unit testing frameworks. JUnit is useful to write repeatable tests for your application code units. JUnit stimulates the idea of “testing first, then coding,”. The test approach explicates –test a little + code a little = JUnit. JUnit helps the programmer by increasing the productivity and the stability of the program’s code snippets.That will helps in reducing the time of the tester, which is spent on debugging of the code.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is JUnit?",
+        "url": "https://www.tutorialspoint.com/junit/junit_test_framework.htm",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "pJvijtG-a0vOq16EFu3Gr": {
+    "title": "Monitoring & Logs",
+    "description": "DevOps monitoring entails overseeing the entire development process from planning, development, integration and testing, deployment, and operations. It involves a complete and real-time view of the status of applications, services, and infrastructure in the production environment. Features such as real-time streaming, historical replay, and visualizations are critical components of application and service monitoring.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "8CztIu0BOPZZRZsqR9asW": {
+    "title": "Grafana",
+    "description": "Grafana is the open-source platform for monitoring and observability. It allows you to query, visualize, alert on and understand your metrics no matter where they are stored.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Grafana Website",
+        "url": "https://grafana.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Grafana Official Documentation",
+        "url": "https://grafana.com/docs/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Grafana Community",
+        "url": "https://community.grafana.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Grafana Webinars and Videos",
+        "url": "https://grafana.com/videos/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Grafana",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/grafana?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "QnNUZQlQ2Jhv34daeIuW8": {
+    "title": "New Relic",
+    "description": "New Relic is an observability platform that helps you build better software. You can bring in data from any digital source so that you can fully understand your system and how to improve it.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "New Relic Website",
+        "url": "https://newrelic.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Learn New Relic",
+        "url": "https://learn.newrelic.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about DevOps",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/devops?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "iceaqeXRYXoGtagWn_B7b": {
+    "title": "RunScope",
+    "description": "A Simple Tool for Monitoring Complex APIs. Verify that the structure and content of your API calls meets your expectations. Powerful and flexible assertions give you total control over defining a successful API call.\n\nCreate simple monitors with dynamic data for even the most complex use cases. More than simple string matching, build API validations without any code and use them across local dev, staging and production environments.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Runscope Website",
+        "url": "https://www.runscope.com",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "H-2wWlKxD_Q1xVv99GlBj": {
+    "title": "Sentry",
+    "description": "Sentry tracks your software performance, measuring metrics like throughput and latency, and displaying the impact of errors across multiple systems. Sentry captures distributed traces consisting of transactions and spans, which measure individual services and individual operations within those services.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Sentry Website",
+        "url": "https://sentry.io",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "DCZyXcx8H2MTPcyKOhn2_": {
+    "title": "Kibana",
+    "description": "Kibana is a free and open user interface that lets you visualize your Elasticsearch data and navigate the Elastic Stack. Do anything from tracking query load to understanding the way requests flow through your apps.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Elastic Kibana Website",
+        "url": "https://www.elastic.co/kibana/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Learn Kibana",
+        "url": "https://www.elastic.co/training/free",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about ELK",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/elk?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "Y2I_dcVZb4xZremXoajjx": {
+    "title": "Datadog",
+    "description": "Datadog is a monitoring and analytics platform for large-scale applications. It encompasses infrastructure monitoring, application performance monitoring, log management, and user-experience monitoring. Datadog aggregates data across your entire stack with 400+ integrations for troubleshooting, alerting, and graphing.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Datadog Website",
+        "url": "https://www.datadoghq.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Official Documentation",
+        "url": "https://docs.datadoghq.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "DJDegO78Elo83eHjq8IHN": {
+    "title": "Pager Duty",
+    "description": "Through its SaaS-based platform, PagerDuty empowers developers, DevOps, IT operations and business leaders to prevent and resolve business-impacting incidents for exceptional customer experience. When revenue and brand reputation depends on customer satisfaction, PagerDuty arms organizations with the insight to proactively manage events that may impact customers across their IT environment. With hundreds of native integrations, on-call scheduling and escalations, machine learning, business-wide response orchestration, analytics, and much more, PagerDuty gets the right data in the hands of the right people in real time, every time.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "PagerDuty Website",
+        "url": "https://www.pagerduty.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Learn PagerDuty",
+        "url": "https://university.pagerduty.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "s8o5fXu3XHrMduh8snLwu": {
+    "title": "Version Control System",
+    "description": "Version control/source control systems allow developers to track and control changes to code over time. These services often include the ability to make atomic revisions to code, branch/fork off of specific points, and to compare versions of code. They are useful in determining the who, what, when, and why code changes were made.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Git",
+        "url": "https://git-scm.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Mercurial",
+        "url": "https://www.mercurial-scm.org/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is Version Control?",
+        "url": "https://www.atlassian.com/git/tutorials/what-is-version-control",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about QA",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/qa?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "WrqKdOTRUiOnc1aIhTZeB": {
+    "title": "Git",
+    "description": "[Git](https://git-scm.com/) is a free and open source distributed version control system designed to handle everything from small to very large projects with speed and efficiency.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Learn Git with Tutorials, News and Tips - Atlassian",
+        "url": "https://www.atlassian.com/git",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Git Cheat Sheet",
+        "url": "https://cs.fyi/guide/git-cheatsheet",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Git",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/git?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Git & GitHub Crash Course For Beginners",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SWYqp7iY_Tc",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "repo-hosting-services@M6v8VUpVtw5blU2gi4F2r.md": {
+    "title": "Repo Hosting Services",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "v4gjV1qolrFXdESrY9bzG": {
+    "title": "GitHub",
+    "description": "GitHub is a provider of Internet hosting for software development and version control using Git. It offers the distributed version control and source code management functionality of Git, plus its own features.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "GitHub Website",
+        "url": "https://github.com",
+        "type": "opensource"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "GitHub Documentation",
+        "url": "https://docs.github.com/en/get-started/quickstart",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How to Use Git in a Professional Dev Team",
+        "url": "https://ooloo.io/project/github-flow",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about GitHub",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/github?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is GitHub?",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w3jLJU7DT5E",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Git vs. GitHub: Whats the difference?",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wpISo9TNjfU",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Git and GitHub for Beginners",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RGOj5yH7evk",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Git and GitHub - CS50 Beyond 2019",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eulnSXkhE7I",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "4xlbvY7NS3cemSZsEQAkD": {
+    "title": "Bitbucket",
+    "description": "Bitbucket is a Git based hosting and source code repository service that is Atlassian's alternative to other products like GitHub, GitLab etc\n\nBitbucket offers hosting options via Bitbucket Cloud (Atlassian's servers), Bitbucket Server (customer's on-premise) or Bitbucket Data Centre (number of servers in customers on-premise or cloud environment)\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Bitbucket Website",
+        "url": "https://bitbucket.org/product",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "A brief overview of Bitbucket",
+        "url": "https://bitbucket.org/product/guides/getting-started/overview#a-brief-overview-of-bitbucket",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Getting started with Bitbucket",
+        "url": "https://bitbucket.org/product/guides/basics/bitbucket-interface",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Using Git with Bitbucket Cloud",
+        "url": "https://www.atlassian.com/git/tutorials/learn-git-with-bitbucket-cloud",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Bitbucket",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/bitbucket?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Bitbucket tutorial | How to use Bitbucket Cloud",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M44nEyd_5To",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Bitbucket Tutorial | Bitbucket for Beginners",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i5T-DB8tb4A",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "RfwyTgwfb_xu5H9N-8_s9": {
+    "title": "GitLab",
+    "description": "GitLab is a provider of internet hosting for software development and version control using Git. It offers the distributed version control and source code management functionality of Git, plus its own features.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "GitLab Website",
+        "url": "https://gitlab.com/",
+        "type": "opensource"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "GitLab Documentation",
+        "url": "https://docs.gitlab.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about GitLab",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/gitlab?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "-n2yAprKdWg3YVi2vp25d": {
+    "title": "CI / CD",
+    "description": "Continuous Integration is a software development method where team members integrate their work at least once daily. An automated build checks every integration to detect errors in this method. In Continuous Integration, the software is built and tested immediately after a code commit. In a large project with many developers, commits are made many times during the day. With each commit, code is built and tested.\n\nContinuous Delivery is a software engineering method in which a team develops software products in a short cycle. It ensures that software can be easily released at any time. The main aim of continuous delivery is to build, test, and release software with good speed and frequency. It helps reduce the cost, time, and risk of delivering changes by allowing for frequent updates in production.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is CI/CD? Continuous Integration and Continuous Delivery",
+        "url": "https://www.guru99.com/continuous-integration.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Continuous Integration vs Delivery vs Deployment",
+        "url": "https://www.guru99.com/continuous-integration-vs-delivery-vs-deployment.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "CI/CD Pipeline: Learn with Example",
+        "url": "https://www.guru99.com/ci-cd-pipeline.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about QA",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/qa?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "z1kZkWTL_RRPZY59aWylU": {
+    "title": "Circle CI",
+    "description": "CircleCI is a CI/CD service that can be integrated with GitHub, BitBucket and GitLab repositories. The service that can be used as a SaaS offering or self-managed using your own resources.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "CircleCI Website",
+        "url": "https://circleci.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "CircleCI Documentation",
+        "url": "https://circleci.com/docs",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Configuration Tutorial",
+        "url": "https://circleci.com/docs/config-intro",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about CI/CD",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/cicd?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "3oDyxhhbCCqxuCh1sT9VC": {
+    "title": "Drone",
+    "description": "Drone is a CI/CD service offering by [Harness](https://harness.io/). Each build runs on an isolated Docker container, and Drone integrates with many popular source code management repositories like GitHub, BitBucket and GitLab\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Drone Website",
+        "url": "https://www.drone.io/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Official Documentation",
+        "url": "https://docs.drone.io/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Drone Getting Started Guide",
+        "url": "https://docs.drone.io/server/overview/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "3l2dkN1vBy9johFhAgZhT": {
+    "title": "Jenkins",
+    "description": "Jenkins is an open-source CI/CD automation server. Jenkins is primarily used for building projects, running tests, static code analysis and deployments.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Jenkins Website",
+        "url": "https://www.jenkins.io/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Official Jenkins Handbook",
+        "url": "https://www.jenkins.io/doc/book/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Jenkins Getting Started Guide",
+        "url": "https://www.jenkins.io/doc/pipeline/tour/getting-started/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Jenkins",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/jenkins?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "Rz1E97EQCxESu44dTQd5t": {
+    "title": "Travis CI",
+    "description": "Travis CI is a CI/CD service that is primarily used for building and testing projects that are hosted on BitBucket and GitHub. Open source projects can utilized Travis CI for free.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Travis CI Website",
+        "url": "https://www.travis-ci.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Travis CI Documentation",
+        "url": "https://docs.travis-ci.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Travis CI Tutorial",
+        "url": "https://docs.travis-ci.com/user/tutorial/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about CI/CD",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/cicd?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "iW3oaTl7c3a1kNlCKy-13": {
+    "title": "GitLab CI",
+    "description": "GitLab offers a CI/CD service that can be used as a SaaS offering or self-managed using your own resources. You can use GitLab CI with any GitLab hosted repository, or any BitBucket Cloud or GitHub repository in the GitLab Premium self-managed, GitLab Premium SaaS and higher tiers.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "GitLab Website",
+        "url": "https://gitlab.com/",
+        "type": "opensource"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "GitLab Documentation",
+        "url": "https://docs.gitlab.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Get Started with GitLab CI",
+        "url": "https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/ci/quick_start/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Learn GitLab Tutorials",
+        "url": "https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/tutorials/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "GitLab CI/CD Examples",
+        "url": "https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/ci/examples/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about GitLab",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/gitlab?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "j4J5OhHEf7t-LVNkNVW3M": {
+    "title": "Bamboo",
+    "description": "Bamboo is a CI/CD service provided by Atlassian. Bamboo is primarily used for automating builds, tests and releases in a single workflow.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Bamboo Website",
+        "url": "https://www.atlassian.com/software/bamboo",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Official Documentation",
+        "url": "https://confluence.atlassian.com/bamboo/bamboo-documentation-289276551.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Bamboo Getting Started Guide",
+        "url": "https://confluence.atlassian.com/bamboo/getting-started-with-bamboo-289277283.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "k3TBVtepeQEGzKGceDkPJ": {
+    "title": "TeamCity",
+    "description": "TeamCity is a CI/CD service provided by JetBrains. TeamCity can be used as a SaaS offering or self-managed using your own resources.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "TeamCity Website",
+        "url": "https://www.jetbrains.com/teamcity/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Official Documentation",
+        "url": "https://www.jetbrains.com/help/teamcity/teamcity-documentation.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "TeamCity Tutorials",
+        "url": "https://www.jetbrains.com/teamcity/tutorials/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "TeamCity Learning Portal",
+        "url": "https://www.jetbrains.com/teamcity/learn/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "u0tKd7HZVN2gGv9Cz3jHz": {
+    "title": "Azure DevOps Services",
+    "description": "Azure DevOps is developed by Microsoft as a full scale application lifecycle management and CI/CD service. Azure DevOps provides developer services for allowing teams to plan work, collaborate on code development, and build and deploy applications.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Azure DevOps Website",
+        "url": "https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/services/devops/#overview",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Official Documentation",
+        "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/devops/?view=azure-devops&viewFallbackFrom=vsts",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Azure DevOps Getting Started Guide",
+        "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/devops/user-guide/sign-up-invite-teammates?view=azure-devops",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Azure",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/azure?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "Pm-Wx7Z3jCUFcafetsQYi": {
+    "title": "Headless Testing",
+    "description": "Headless testing is when end-to-end tests are performed without loading the browser's user interface. Since the browser operates as a typical browser would but does not make use of the user interface, it is considered highly suitable for automated testing.\n\nA few example cases where one may use headless browser testing include:\n\n*   Automating HTML event responses, such as form submission, keyboard events, mouse-clicking, etc.\n*   Web scraping\n*   Generating screenshots of webpages\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is Headless Browser Testing and Why is it Important?",
+        "url": "https://www.browserstack.com/guide/what-is-headless-browser-testing",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about QA",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/qa?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "XoYsStVqfMeCHkGBlbRhD": {
+    "title": "Repo Hosting Services",
+    "description": "There are different repository hosting services with the most famous one being GitHub, GitLab and BitBucket. I would recommend creating an account on GitHub because that is where most of the OpenSource work is done and most of the developers are.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "GitHub: Where the world builds software",
+        "url": "https://github.com",
+        "type": "opensource"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "GitLab: Iterate faster, innovate together",
+        "url": "https://gitlab.com",
+        "type": "opensource"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "BitBucket: The Git solution for professional teams",
+        "url": "https://bitbucket.com",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about QA",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/qa?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "m0gT774b59xsSJKrrjTxq": {
+    "title": "Zombie.js",
+    "description": "Zombie.js allows you to run Unit or Integration tests without a real web browser. Instead, it uses a simulated browser where it stores the HTML code and runs the JavaScript you may have in your HTML page. This means that an HTML page doesn’t need to be displayed, saving precious time that would otherwise be occupied rendering it.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Zombie.js Website",
+        "url": "http://zombie.js.org/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Getting Started with Zombie.js",
+        "url": "https://www.packt.com/getting-started-zombiejs/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about JavaScript",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/javascript?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "sHyFCf7XQKxGxchaYxp2B": {
+    "title": "Puppeteer",
+    "description": "Puppeteer is a Node library that provides a high-level API to control headless Chrome or Chromium browsers over the DevTools Protocol. It can also be configured to use full (non-headless) Chrome or Chromium.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Puppeteer Website",
+        "url": "https://pptr.dev/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Crawling",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/crawling?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "0TUq4KRbWTLsLuYI9sgi0": {
+    "title": "Playwright",
+    "description": "Playwright is an open-source test automation library initially developed by Microsoft contributors. It supports programming languages such as Java, Python, C#, and NodeJS. Playwright comes with Apache 2.0 License and is most popular with NodeJS with Javascript/Typescript.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Playwright Website",
+        "url": "https://playwright.dev/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Playwright Tutorial: Learn Basics and Setup",
+        "url": "https://www.browserstack.com/guide/playwright-tutorial",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "D7zGshmgwqWluF-W7OTWe": {
+    "title": "Cypress",
+    "description": "Cypress framework is a JavaScript-based end-to-end testing framework built on top of Mocha – a feature-rich JavaScript test framework running on and in the browser, making asynchronous testing simple and convenient. It also uses a BDD/TDD assertion library and a browser to pair with any JavaScript testing framework.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Official Website",
+        "url": "https://www.cypress.io/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Official Documentation",
+        "url": "https://docs.cypress.io/guides/overview/why-cypress#Other",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Cypress",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/cypress?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Cypress End-to-End Testing",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7N63cMKosIE",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "JO--NVMs3saUNjh3mcd7z": {
+    "title": "Headless Chrome",
+    "description": "Headless Chrome is a way to run the Chrome browser in a headless environment without the full browser UI. One of the benefits of using Headless Chrome (as opposed to testing directly in Node) is that your JavaScript tests will be executed in the same environment as users of your site.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Headless Chromium",
+        "url": "https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src/+/lkgr/headless/README.md",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Google Chrome",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/google-chrome?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "ryoSezFNeiunCAZygCbaQ": {
+    "title": "Headless Fox",
+    "description": "Headless Browser Testing is a process of running the browser tests without the type of browser UI or GUI. In headless browser testing, to conduct cross-browser testing the tester can run test cases accurately and successfully without requiring the browser on which application needs to be tested.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Using Headless Mode in Firefox",
+        "url": "https://hacks.mozilla.org/2017/12/using-headless-mode-in-firefox/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "-Sf7DLr8Ywoorrmsx3bfd": {
+    "title": "HTML Unit",
+    "description": "HtmlUnit is a \"GUI-Less browser for Java programs\". It models HTML documents and provides an API that allows you to invoke pages, fill out forms, click links, etc... just like you do in your \"normal\" browser. It has fairly good JavaScript support (which is constantly improving) and is able to work even with quite complex AJAX libraries, simulating Chrome, Firefox or Internet Explorer depending on the configuration used.\n\nHtmlUnit is not a generic unit testing framework. It is specifically a way to simulate a browser for testing purposes and is intended to be used within another testing framework such as JUnit or TestNG.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "HtmlUnit Website",
+        "url": "https://htmlunit.sourceforge.io/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Introduction to HtmlUnit",
+        "url": "https://www.baeldung.com/htmlunit",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about HTML",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/html?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/public/roadmap-content/react.json b/public/roadmap-content/react.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f55db6218
--- /dev/null
+++ b/public/roadmap-content/react.json
@@ -0,0 +1,1778 @@
+{
+  "tU4Umtnfu01t9gLlnlK6b": {
+    "title": "CLI Tools",
+    "description": "Here is the list of most common CLI tools for React development:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "create-react-app",
+        "url": "https://create-react-app.dev",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "vite",
+        "url": "https://vitejs.dev",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about CLI",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/cli?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "y9ToYDix-koRbR6FLydFw": {
+    "title": "Vite",
+    "description": "Vite is a build tool that aims to provide a faster and leaner development experience for modern web projects.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Vite Website",
+        "url": "https://vitejs.dev",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Vite Documentation",
+        "url": "https://vitejs.dev/guide",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Vite",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/vite?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Vite Crash Course",
+        "url": "https://youtu.be/LQQ3CR2JTX8",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Vite Crash Course | Faster Alternative To CRA | 2023",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=89NJdbYTgJ8",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "79K4xgljcoSHkCYI1D55O": {
+    "title": "Components",
+    "description": "Components are the building blocks of React applications. They let us split the UI into independent, reusable pieces, and think about each piece in isolation.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Creating and nesting components",
+        "url": "https://react.dev/learn#components",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore the different types of components in React",
+        "url": "https://www.robinwieruch.de/react-component-types/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is the difference between components, elements, and instances?",
+        "url": "https://www.robinwieruch.de/react-element-component/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Components & Templates in React",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9D1x7-2FmTA",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "8mw4TxlLN4ZKAlLl-_NVV": {
+    "title": "Functional Components",
+    "description": "Functional components are some of the more common components that will come across while working in React. These are simply JavaScript functions. We can create a functional component to React by writing a JavaScript function. These functions may or may not receive data as parameters. In the functional Components, the return value is the JSX code to render to the DOM tree. Functional components can also have state which is managed using React hooks.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Functional Components and Props",
+        "url": "https://react.dev/reference/react/Component",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Your first component",
+        "url": "https://react.dev/learn/your-first-component",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Passing props to a component",
+        "url": "https://react.dev/learn/passing-props-to-a-component",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Functional Components in React",
+        "url": "https://www.robinwieruch.de/react-function-component/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about React",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/react?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "React JS Functional Components",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NJ_qbsLf52w",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "WREBxWSNQDD_6fzpHL6CE": {
+    "title": "JSX",
+    "description": "JSX stands for JavaScript XML. It allows writing HTML in JavaScript and converts the HTML tags into React elements.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Writing markup with JSX",
+        "url": "https://react.dev/learn/writing-markup-with-jsx",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "JavaScript in JSX with Curly Braces",
+        "url": "https://react.dev/learn/javascript-in-jsx-with-curly-braces",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Working with JSX - React - CodeGuage",
+        "url": "https://www.codeguage.com/courses/react/jsx",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "JSX in React on w3school",
+        "url": "https://www.w3schools.com/react/react_jsx.asp",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about JSX",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/jsx?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "RFuy3Eho3mnW1GpP08BVw": {
+    "title": "Props vs State",
+    "description": "Props (short for “properties”) and state are both plain JavaScript objects. While both hold information that influences the output of component render, they are different in one important way: props get passed to the component (similar to function parameters) whereas state is managed within the component (similar to variables declared within a function).\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "State: A Component's Memory",
+        "url": "https://react.dev/learn/state-a-components-memory",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How to use Props in React",
+        "url": "https://www.robinwieruch.de/react-pass-props-to-component/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is the difference between state and props in React?",
+        "url": "https://stackoverflow.com/questions/27991366/what-is-the-difference-between-state-and-props-in-react",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How to update state from props in React",
+        "url": "https://www.robinwieruch.de/react-derive-state-props/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "aE6XBgH23135_9QmD4ff2": {
+    "title": "Conditional Rendering",
+    "description": "In React, you can create distinct components that encapsulate behavior you need. Then, you can render only some of them, depending on the state of your application.\n\nConditional rendering in React works the same way conditions work in JavaScript. Use JavaScript operators like [if](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Statements/if...else) or the [conditional operator](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/Conditional_Operator) to create elements representing the current state, and let React update the UI to match them.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Conditional Rendering",
+        "url": "https://react.dev/learn/conditional-rendering",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Different techniques for conditional rendering in React",
+        "url": "https://www.robinwieruch.de/conditional-rendering-react/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Conditional rendering in React",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4oCVDkb_EIs",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "4T59gdcwdXqj9kCuK7cfp": {
+    "title": "Composition",
+    "description": "React has a powerful composition model, and it is recommended to use composition instead of inheritance to reuse code between components.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Composition vs Inheritance",
+        "url": "https://reactjs.org/docs/composition-vs-inheritance.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How to perform component composition in React",
+        "url": "https://www.robinwieruch.de/react-component-composition/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Achieving Reusability With React Composition",
+        "url": "https://formidable.com/blog/2021/react-composition/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Passing JSX as children",
+        "url": "https://react.dev/learn/passing-props-to-a-component#passing-jsx-as-children",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "0uiGsC5SWavNdlFqizkKe": {
+    "title": "Rendering",
+    "description": "React follows a declarative approach to rendering components, which means that developers specify what a component should look like, and React takes care of rendering the component to the screen. This is in contrast to an imperative approach, where developers would write code to manually manipulate the DOM (Document Object Model) to update the UI.\n\nThe virtual DOM (VDOM) is an important aspect of how React works. It is a lightweight in-memory representation of the DOM (Document Object Model), and it is used to optimize the rendering of components in a React application.\n\n*   Components are written as JavaScript classes or functions that define a render method. The render method returns a description of what the component should look like, using JSX syntax.\n*   When a component is rendered, React creates a virtual DOM (VDOM) representation of the component. The VDOM is a lightweight in-memory representation of the DOM, and it is used to optimize the rendering of components.\n*   React compares the VDOM representation of the component with the previous VDOM representation (if it exists). If there are differences between the two VDOMs, React calculates the minimum number of DOM updates needed to bring the actual DOM into line with the new VDOM.\n*   React updates the actual DOM with the minimum number of DOM updates needed to reflect the changes in the VDOM.\n\nThis process is known as reconciliation, and it is an important aspect of how React works. By using a declarative approach and a VDOM, React is able to optimize the rendering of components and improve the performance of web applications.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "8OBlgDRUg-CTgDXY-QHyO": {
+    "title": "Component Lifecycle",
+    "description": "React components have a lifecycle consisting of three phases: Mounting, Updating, and Unmounting along with several “lifecycle methods” that you can override to run code at particular times in the process. You can use this [lifecycle diagram](https://projects.wojtekmaj.pl/react-lifecycle-methods-diagram/) as a cheat sheet.\n\nIt is not recommended to use lifecycle methods manually. Instead, use the useEffect hook with functional components.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Class Component",
+        "url": "https://react.dev/reference/react/Component",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Lifecycle of Reactive Effects",
+        "url": "https://react.dev/learn/lifecycle-of-reactive-effects",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "HeWVCPHqVnnbOn6zIim4K": {
+    "title": "Lists and Keys",
+    "description": "When you render lists in React, you can use the `key` prop to specify a unique key for each item. This key is used to identify which item to update when you want to update a specific item.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Lists and Keys",
+        "url": "https://react.dev/learn/rendering-lists#keeping-list-items-in-order-with-key",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Rendering Lists",
+        "url": "https://react.dev/learn/rendering-lists",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "List components in React by Example",
+        "url": "https://www.robinwieruch.de/react-list-component/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Why do we need the key prop in React?",
+        "url": "https://www.robinwieruch.de/react-list-key/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "vdumdIglnouf1KyGIGZnc": {
+    "title": "Render Props",
+    "description": "The term 'render props' refers to a technique for sharing code between React components using a prop whose value is a function.\n\nA component with a render prop takes a function that returns a React element and calls it instead of implementing its own render logic.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Render Props in React",
+        "url": "https://react.dev/learn/passing-props-to-a-component",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How to create a Render Prop Component",
+        "url": "https://www.robinwieruch.de/react-render-props/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Render Props Pattern",
+        "url": "https://www.patterns.dev/posts/render-props-pattern/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "_zNAOhFWMcWqP4oxNPCXF": {
+    "title": "Refs",
+    "description": "Refs provide a way to access DOM nodes or React elements created in the render method.\n\nIn the typical React dataflow, props are the only way that parent components interact with their children. To modify a child, you re-render it with new props. However, there are a few cases where you need to imperatively modify a child outside of the typical dataflow. The child to be modified could be an instance of a React component, or it could be a DOM element. For both of these cases, React provides an escape hatch.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Referencing Values with Refs",
+        "url": "https://react.dev/learn/referencing-values-with-refs",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Manipulating the DOM with Refs",
+        "url": "https://react.dev/learn/manipulating-the-dom-with-refs",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Examples of using refs in React",
+        "url": "https://www.robinwieruch.de/react-ref/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "The Complete Guide to useRef() and Refs in React",
+        "url": "https://dmitripavlutin.com/react-useref-guide/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What Exactly Are Refs? - React - CodeGuage",
+        "url": "https://www.codeguage.com/courses/react/refs",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Learn useRef in 11 Minutes - Web Dev Simplified",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t2ypzz6gJm0",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "Nex2HcTOYIbfqUzXyxSMY": {
+    "title": "Events",
+    "description": "Handling events with React elements is very similar to handling events on DOM elements. There are some syntax differences:\n\n*   React events are named using camelCase, rather than lowercase.\n*   With JSX you pass a function as the event handler, rather than a string.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Responding to Events",
+        "url": "https://react.dev/learn/responding-to-events",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "React Event Object (Synthetic Event)",
+        "url": "https://react.dev/reference/react-dom/components/common#react-event-object",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "React Event Handler",
+        "url": "https://www.robinwieruch.de/react-event-handler/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "zOENl96GUZRw2PP2KxIck": {
+    "title": "High Order Components",
+    "description": "A higher-order component (HOC) is an advanced technique in React for reusing component logic. HOCs are not part of the React API, per se. They are a pattern that emerges from React’s compositional nature.\n\nConcretely, a higher-order component is a function that takes a component and returns a new component.\n\nHigher-order components are not commonly used in modern React code. In order to reuse logic, React hooks are mainly used now.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "High-Order Components",
+        "url": "https://reactjs.org/docs/higher-order-components.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How to create a Higher-Order Component",
+        "url": "https://www.robinwieruch.de/react-higher-order-components/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Learn React Higher Order Component (HOC) in 10 Minutes",
+        "url": "https://youtu.be/J5P0q7EROfw?si=-8s5h1b0mZSGVgLt",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "ReactJS Tutorial - Higher Order Components (Part 1)",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B6aNv8nkUSw",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "ReactJS Tutorial - Higher Order Components (Part 2)",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rsBQj6X7UK8",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "ReactJS Tutorial - Higher Order Components (Part 3)",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l8V59zIdBXU",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "LbLQhonBqzxHU6B-L--Vq": {
+    "title": "Hooks",
+    "description": "Hooks were introduced in React 16.8 and they let us use React's features-like managing your component's state and or performing an after effect when certain changes occur in state(s) without writing a class.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Hooks Reference",
+        "url": "https://react.dev/reference/react",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about React Hooks",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/react-hooks?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "YEpkbNzEMzS6wAKg85J_N": {
+    "title": "useState",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "8OnzX03hkZ9K9i__tjmFX": {
+    "title": "useEffect",
+    "description": "`useEffect` is a special hook that lets you run side effects in React. It is similar to componentDidMount and componentDidUpdate, but it only runs when the component (or some of its props) changes and during the initial mount.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Using the Effect Hook",
+        "url": "https://react.dev/reference/react/useEffect",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "React useEffect Hook by Example",
+        "url": "https://www.robinwieruch.de/react-useeffect-hook/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "HX75SExuzR5AP7TQ94qid": {
+    "title": "Creating Custom Hooks",
+    "description": "Building your own Hooks lets you extract component logic into reusable functions.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Reusing Logic with Custom Hooks",
+        "url": "https://react.dev/learn/reusing-logic-with-custom-hooks",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How to create a custom Hook (2) followed by Examples",
+        "url": "https://www.robinwieruch.de/react-custom-hook/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about React Hooks",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/react-hooks?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Custom Hooks in React",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I2Bgi0Qcdvc",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "dgoDNDtW2_q9R9yhkXrcz": {
+    "title": "useCallback",
+    "description": "React also has a lot of hooks that allow you to write more efficient React code.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "useCallback",
+        "url": "https://react.dev/reference/react/useCallback",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "useContext",
+        "url": "https://react.dev/reference/react/useContext",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "useDebugValue",
+        "url": "https://react.dev/reference/react/useDebugValue",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "useDeferredValue",
+        "url": "https://react.dev/reference/react/useDeferredValue",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "useEffect",
+        "url": "https://react.dev/reference/react/useEffect",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "useId",
+        "url": "https://react.dev/reference/react/useId",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "useImperativeHandle",
+        "url": "https://react.dev/reference/react/useImperativeHandle",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "useInsertionEffect",
+        "url": "https://react.dev/reference/react/useInsertionEffect",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "useLayoutEffect",
+        "url": "https://react.dev/reference/react/useLayoutEffect",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "useReducer",
+        "url": "https://react.dev/reference/react/useReducer",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "useRef",
+        "url": "https://react.dev/reference/react/useRef",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "useState",
+        "url": "https://react.dev/reference/react/useState",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "useSyncExternalStore",
+        "url": "https://react.dev/reference/react/useSyncExternalStore",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "useTransition",
+        "url": "https://react.dev/reference/react/useTransition",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "useCallback Hook by Example",
+        "url": "https://www.robinwieruch.de/react-usecallback-hook/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "useMemo Hook by Example",
+        "url": "https://www.robinwieruch.de/react-usememo-hook/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "useContext Hook by Example",
+        "url": "https://www.robinwieruch.de/react-usecontext-hook/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "useReducer Hook by Example",
+        "url": "https://www.robinwieruch.de/react-usereducer-hook/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "useReducer vs useState Hook",
+        "url": "https://www.robinwieruch.de/react-usereducer-vs-usestate/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about React Hooks",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/react-hooks?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "useDefferedValue Hook video",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jCGMedd6IWA",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "t_laNdMmdLApYszqXRdWg": {
+    "title": "useRef",
+    "description": "useRef is a React hook that provides a way to create a mutable reference that persists across component re-renders. It stores a value that doesn't cause re-renders when it changes.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "useRef",
+        "url": "https://react.dev/reference/react/useRef",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "W3Schools",
+        "url": "https://www.w3schools.com/react/react_useref.asp",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "WebDevSimplified",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t2ypzz6gJm0",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "w3bNp7OkehI1gjx8NzlC8": {
+    "title": "useMemo",
+    "description": "useMemo is a React hook that memorizes the result of a function. It is used to optimize performance by caching the result of a function and returning the cached result when the inputs to the function have not changed.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "useMemo Docs",
+        "url": "https://react.dev/reference/react/useMemo",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "useMemo and useCallback - Josh W. Comeau",
+        "url": "https://www.joshwcomeau.com/react/usememo-and-usecallback/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "v48Mv0wQqjXbvy8x6gDjQ": {
+    "title": "useReducer",
+    "description": "useReducer: An alternative to useState. Accepts a reducer of type (state, action) => newState, and returns the current state paired with a dispatch method. (If you’re familiar with Redux, you already know how this works.)\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "useReducer Docs",
+        "url": "https://react.dev/reference/react/useReducer",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "The React useReducer Hook",
+        "url": "https://www.telerik.com/blogs/react-usereducer-hook",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "A guide to the React useReducer Hook",
+        "url": "https://blog.logrocket.com/react-usereducer-hook-ultimate-guide/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Learn React Hooks: useReducer - Simply Explained!",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rgp_iCVS8ys&t",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "D5_O-uElftYGQr_bTU_se": {
+    "title": "useContext",
+    "description": "The `useContext` Hook lets us share data between components without having to pass props down through every level of the component tree. This is particularly useful when many components need to access the same data or when components are deeply nested.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Using useContext",
+        "url": "https://react.dev/reference/react/useContext",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore the concept of context",
+        "url": "https://react.dev/learn/passing-data-deeply-with-context",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Learn useContext In 13 Minutes",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5LrDIWkK_Bc",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "2zrN65JZhCyNimi33g78f": {
+    "title": "useCallback",
+    "description": "`useCallback` is a React hook that returns a memoized version of a callback function. It's used to optimize performance by preventing unnecessary re-renders. Specifically, it helps avoid recreating functions when their dependencies haven't changed, which can be useful when passing callbacks to child components that rely on referential equality to prevent re-rendering.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "React Documentation on useCallback",
+        "url": "https://reactjs.org/docs/hooks-reference.html#usecallback",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "useCallback Explained in Depth",
+        "url": "https://kentcdodds.com/blog/usememo-and-usecallback",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "useCallback Hook: An Introductory Guide",
+        "url": "https://dmitripavlutin.com/dont-overuse-react-usecallback/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "FK59Zsm5ENA9g11XWCan_": {
+    "title": "useState",
+    "description": "`useState` hook is used to manage the state of a component in functional components. Calling `useState` returns an array with two elements: the current state value and a function to update the state.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Using the State Hook",
+        "url": "https://react.dev/reference/react/useState",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "React useState Hook by Example",
+        "url": "https://www.robinwieruch.de/react-usestate-hook/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "mkyU0ug8MXxV4biHuOity": {
+    "title": "Hooks Best Practices",
+    "description": "Learn the best practices for using React hooks from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "React Hooks Cheat Sheet: Best Practices with Examples",
+        "url": "https://blog.logrocket.com/react-hooks-cheat-sheet-solutions-common-problems/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "React Custom Hooks: Best Practices and Examples",
+        "url": "https://utopia-insights.dev/react-custom-hooks-best-practices-and-examples/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "NStw6bi_pPB49K41BFSgo": {
+    "title": "Routers",
+    "description": "Routing is an essential concept in Single Page Applications (SPA). When your application is divided into separated logical sections, and all of them are under their own URL, your users can easily share links among each other.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "How to use Routing in React JS: A Comprehensive Guide. ",
+        "url": "https://blog.logrocket.com/react-router-v6-guide/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "React Router 6 – Tutorial for Beginners. ",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=59IXY5IDrBA",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "zWL8VLx_g0SWubavJDs6i": {
+    "title": "Tanstack Router",
+    "description": "TanStack Router is a powerful router for building React applications, offering a range of advanced features to streamline development.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "TanStack Router Documentation",
+        "url": "https://tanstack.com/router/latest/docs/framework/react/overview",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "TanStack Router - Crash Course",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4sslBg8LprE&list=PLOQjd5dsGSxJilh0lBofeY8Qib98kzmF5",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "TanStack Router Vite: Ultimate Guide for Beginners",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AN9rD7y9MS8",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "jvp43wFkKlGQX2y7IxkbM": {
+    "title": "React Router",
+    "description": "React router is the most famous library when it comes to implementing routing in React applications.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "React Router — Official Website",
+        "url": "https://reactrouter.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Getting Started Guide",
+        "url": "https://reactrouter.com/en/main/start/tutorial",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How to use React Router v6",
+        "url": "https://www.robinwieruch.de/react-router/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "React Router Cheat Sheet",
+        "url": "https://devhints.io/react-router/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about React",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/react?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Tanstack/Router — Official Website",
+        "url": "https://tanstack.com/router/latest/docs/framework/react/overview",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "React Router v6 in 1 hour",
+        "url": "https://youtu.be/0cSVuySEB0A",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "TanStack/Router - Complete Course",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4sslBg8LprE&list=PLOQjd5dsGSxJilh0lBofeY8Qib98kzmF5",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "I7_mX4h-Yywp1YyTJRKXI": {
+    "title": "State Management",
+    "description": "Application state management is the process of maintaining knowledge of an application's inputs across multiple related data flows that form a complete business transaction -- or a session -- to understand the condition of the app at any given moment. In computer science, an input is information put into the program by the user and state refers to the condition of an application according to its stored inputs -- saved as variables or constants. State can also be described as the collection of preserved information that forms a complete session.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is State Management?",
+        "url": "https://www.techtarget.com/searchapparchitecture/definition/state-management",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Overview of State in React",
+        "url": "https://www.robinwieruch.de/react-state/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "10uL0r388lKh8pWYWqRZD": {
+    "title": "Context",
+    "description": "Context provides a way to pass data through the component tree without having to pass props down manually at every level.\n\nIn a typical React application, data is passed top-down (parent to child) via props, but such usage can be cumbersome for certain types of props (e.g. locale preference, UI theme) that are required by many components within an application. Context provides a way to share values like these between components without having to explicitly pass a prop through every level of the tree.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Passing Data Deeply with Context",
+        "url": "https://react.dev/learn/passing-data-deeply-with-context",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Basic useContext Guide",
+        "url": "https://www.w3schools.com/react/react_usecontext.asp",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "State with useContext and useState/useReducer",
+        "url": "https://www.robinwieruch.de/react-state-usereducer-usestate-usecontext/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "React Context API Crash Course",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t9WmZFnE6Hg",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "nl5imPsdY2oEWlg-9TTuk": {
+    "title": "Zustand",
+    "description": "Zustand is a small, fast and scalable bearbones state-management solution using simplified flux principles. Has a comfy api based on hooks, isn't boilerplatey or opinionated.\n\nZustand is often used as an alternative to other state management libraries, such as Redux and MobX, because of its simplicity and small size. It is particularly well-suited for small to medium-sized applications, where the complexity of larger state management libraries is not required.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Zustand - Official Website",
+        "url": "https://github.com/pmndrs/zustand",
+        "type": "opensource"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Zustand Repository",
+        "url": "https://github.com/pmndrs/zustand",
+        "type": "opensource"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Working with Zustand",
+        "url": "https://tkdodo.eu/blog/working-with-zustand",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Zustand - Official Documentation",
+        "url": "https://docs.pmnd.rs/zustand/getting-started/introduction",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Zustand Tutorial for Beginners",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AYO4qHAnLQI&t",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "yI6XiNW04EL78UL4lkVgd": {
+    "title": "Jotai",
+    "description": "Jotai takes an atomic approach to global React state management.\n\nBuild state by combining atoms and renders are automatically optimized based on atom dependency. This solves the extra re-render issue of React context, eliminates the need for memoization, and provides a similar developer experience to signals while maintaining a declarative programming model.\n\nIt scales from a simple useState replacement to an enterprise TypeScript application with complex requirements. Plus there are plenty of utilities and extensions to help you along the way!",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Official Website: Jotai",
+        "url": "https://jotai.org/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "State Management on React - Jotai",
+        "url": "https://dev.to/kevin-uehara/state-management-on-react-part-3-jotai-i7f",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Jotai React - Better Global State Management",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZcKzPZN7Ids",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "DfrCkbD-HEHwLymv10zb5": {
+    "title": "Writing CSS",
+    "description": "While \"CSS in JS\" is the most predominant way of styling modern frontend applications, there are several different ways to style your React applications whether it is vanilla CSS, [CSS Modules](https://github.com/css-modules/css-modules), or [CSS in JS](https://css-tricks.com/a-thorough-analysis-of-css-in-js/) etc and each has several frameworks available.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Ways to CSS style a React application",
+        "url": "https://www.robinwieruch.de/react-css-styling/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "MnDgQq9Vcxsu3wDqv5uh2": {
+    "title": "Headless Component Libraries",
+    "description": "Headless component libraries have some powerful state, logic and data management tools that do not enforce any UI structure. Consequently, developers are able to build custom UI components with unique styles but that still benefit from strong reusable logics. This kind of library simplifies complex behaviors and accessibility issues in outdoor environments allowing you to create innovative interfaces. With headless components, developers keep code clean and maintainable as a result of the reusability aspect inherent in these, this also guarantees efficient and accessible components enhancing application quality.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What are headless components?",
+        "url": "https://dev.to/verthon/headless-ui-libraries-the-key-to-flexible-and-accessible-user-interfaces-546p",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Headless Components: A Comprehensive Guide",
+        "url": "https://blog.logrocket.com/the-complete-guide-to-building-headless-interface-components-in-react/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Rise of Headless Components",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_WtVG_pKsxM",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "KO3viVIJJREtxXxsocN7j": {
+    "title": "Tailwind CSS",
+    "description": "CSS Framework that provides atomic CSS classes to help you style components e.g. `flex`, `pt-4`, `text-center` and `rotate-90` that can be composed to build any design, directly in your markup.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Tailwind Website",
+        "url": "https://tailwindcss.com",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Tailwind CSS",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/tailwind-css?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Tailwind CSS Full Course for Beginners",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lCxcTsOHrjo",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Tailwind CSS Crash Course",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UBOj6rqRUME",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Should You Use Tailwind CSS?",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hdGsFpZ0J2E",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Official Screencasts",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/c/TailwindLabs/videos",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "thfnymb_UIiKxakKfiua5": {
+    "title": "Component / Libraries",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "akVNUPOqaTXaSHoQFlkP_": {
+    "title": "Panda CSS",
+    "description": "Panda CSS is CSS-in-JS with build time generated styles, RSC compatible, multi-variant support, and best-in-class developer experience.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Official Website",
+        "url": "https://panda-css.com",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Tutorials and videos to get started with Panda!",
+        "url": "https://panda-css.com/learn",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Panda CSS – CSS-in-JS without Runtime Overhead",
+        "url": "https://infinum.com/blog/panda-css-css-in-js-without-runtime-overhead/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Panda CSS First Impressions | Theo Reacts",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UlY-Ixddjm0",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "uqphqAnlcJOLnwHZs5jWu": {
+    "title": "Chakra UI",
+    "description": "Chakra UI is a simple, modular and accessible component library that gives you the building blocks you need to build your React applications.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Chakra UI Website",
+        "url": "https://chakra-ui.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Chakra UI Official Getting Started",
+        "url": "https://chakra-ui.com/docs/getting-started",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Official Getting Started Video",
+        "url": "https://youtu.be/wI2vqXsjsIo",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Chakra UI Crash Course",
+        "url": "https://youtu.be/s-bIsz-NR3c",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "gy7eBxPOlwG8BvxHVLDQ9": {
+    "title": "Material UI",
+    "description": "Material UI is an open-source React component library that implements Google's Material Design.\n\nIt includes a comprehensive collection of prebuilt components that are ready for use in production right out of the box, and features a suite of customization options that make it easy to implement your own custom design system on top of our components.",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Material UI website",
+        "url": "https://mui.com/material-ui/getting-started/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "React Material UI Course",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BHEPVdfBAqE&list=PLC3y8-rFHvwh-K9mDlrrcDywl7CeVL2rO",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Material UI with React",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5cvg2qZwYrI",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "njKsYNkwTXPQ1NjlGKXab": {
+    "title": "Shadcn UI",
+    "description": "Shadcn is an open-source framework providing pre-built, accessible, and customizable UI components for rapid web application development. It offers a streamlined approach to construct modern user interfaces.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Official Website",
+        "url": "https://ui.shadcn.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Documentation",
+        "url": "https://ui.shadcn.com/docs",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Shadcn Guide",
+        "url": "https://blog.logrocket.com/shadcn-ui-adoption-guide/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Shadcn Setup and Tutorial",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v0_AT8zaLo8",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "awoEhwPKjUcR84XGL6Som": {
+    "title": "CSS Modules",
+    "description": "CSS files in which all class names and animation names are scoped locally by default.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Project GitHub Repository",
+        "url": "https://github.com/css-modules/css-modules",
+        "type": "opensource"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Using CSS Modules In React App",
+        "url": "https://medium.com/@ralph1786/using-css-modules-in-react-app-c2079eadbb87",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about CSS",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/css?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "CSS Modules: Why are they great?",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pKMWU9OrA2s",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "XL9XOV2h0BAuA5cFcM5L_": {
+    "title": "Radix UI",
+    "description": "Radix UI is an open-source library designed to make it easier to create accessible and customizable User Interface (UI) components in React. It provides developers with a range of `unstyled`, fully `accessible` primitives, giving them complete control over the appearance and behavior of their UI elements.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Getting Started with Radix UI",
+        "url": "https://www.radix-ui.com/themes/docs/overview/getting-started",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Official Website",
+        "url": "https://www.radix-ui.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is Radix UI?",
+        "url": "https://medium.com/@olivier.trinh/what-is-radix-ui-ff535bbb52d5",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Radix UI Course",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLlNdnoKwDZdwANQoaakE8-kYMyKFOETlo",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "RvDfKoa_HIW3QDBfkPv3m": {
+    "title": "React Aria",
+    "description": "React Aria is style-free out of the box, allowing you to build custom designs to fit your application or design system using any styling and animation solution. Each component is broken down into individual parts with built-in states, render props, and slots that make styling a breeze.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Getting Started with React Aria",
+        "url": "https://react-spectrum.adobe.com/react-aria/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Why You Should Use React Aria Components",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lTPh6NGLAmk",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "kiCTo0U6VgNON8rv_Ktlj": {
+    "title": "Ark UI",
+    "description": "It is a modern and versatile user interface framework designed to streamline the development of responsive and accessible web applications. It provides a `comprehensive set` of components and tools that simplify the process of building user interfaces, allowing developers to focus on functionality and design. With a strong emphasis on flexibility and ease of use, Ark UI enables rapid prototyping and `scalable solutions`, ensuring a consistent and polished user experience across various devices and platforms. Its modular architecture and extensive documentation make it an excellent choice for developers looking to enhance productivity and maintain high standards in their UI design.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Official Website",
+        "url": "https://ark-ui.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Official Website",
+        "url": "https://ark-ui.com/react/docs/overview/introduction",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is ARK UI?",
+        "url": "https://shaxadd.medium.com/enhance-your-user-interfaces-with-ark-ui-a-comprehensive-guide-7e87dd0a79cf",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Hands On ARK UI",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zjo-77I0unk",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "b4AP2OggxFAwsQtUwiUJJ": {
+    "title": "API Calls",
+    "description": "APIs, short for Application Programming Interfaces, are software-to-software interfaces. Meaning, they allow different applications to talk to each other and exchange information or functionality. This allows businesses to access another business’s data, piece of code, software, or services in order to extend the functionality of their own products — all while saving time and money. There are several options available to make API calls from your React.js applications.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "AJAX and APIs",
+        "url": "https://reactjs.org/docs/faq-ajax.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How to fetch data in React",
+        "url": "https://www.robinwieruch.de/react-hooks-fetch-data/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "8nMbfGxe3STMbrAVcqHHh": {
+    "title": "Apollo",
+    "description": "Apollo is a platform for building a unified graph, a communication layer that helps you manage the flow of data between your application clients (such as web and native apps) and your back-end services.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Apollo Website",
+        "url": "https://www.apollographql.com",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Official Docs",
+        "url": "https://www.apollographql.com/docs/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Apollo",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/apollo?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Official YouTube Channel",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/c/ApolloGraphQL/",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "GraphQL With React Tutorial - Apollo Client",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YyUWW04HwKY",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "cLfM342sZfsCwmPPxQpEI": {
+    "title": "Relay",
+    "description": "Relay is a JavaScript client used in the browser to fetch GraphQL data. It's a JavaScript framework developed by Facebook for managing and fetching data in React applications. It is built with scalability in mind in order to power complex applications like Facebook. The ultimate goal of GraphQL and Relay is to deliver instant UI-response interactions.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Official Website",
+        "url": "https://relay.dev/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Introduction to Relay modern",
+        "url": "https://relay.dev/docs/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "9M5jRu0pj8KMvg9f-2oqZ": {
+    "title": "urql",
+    "description": "urql (Universal React Query Library) is a library for managing GraphQL data in React applications. It is developed and maintained by Formidable Labs and is available as open-source software.\n\nurql is designed to be easy to use and flexible, with a simple API for performing GraphQL queries and mutations. It is based on the concept of a client, which is used to manage the GraphQL data for an application. The client provides a set of utilities and APIs for managing GraphQL data, including:\n\n*   executeQuery: A utility for executing a GraphQL query.\n*   executeMutation: A utility for executing a GraphQL mutation.\n*   useQuery: A hook for executing a GraphQL query and accessing the result in a component.\n*   useMutation: A hook for executing a GraphQL mutation and accessing the result in a component.\n\nurql is often used as an alternative to other GraphQL libraries, such as Apollo Client, because of its simplicity and lightweight size. It is particularly well-suited for small to medium-sized React applications where the complexity of other GraphQL libraries may not be required.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "urql - Formidable Labs",
+        "url": "https://formidable.com/open-source/urql/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "-ea1KsXEyz-4voHXklG_J": {
+    "title": "swr",
+    "description": "SWR is a React Hooks library for data fetching.\n\nThe name “SWR” is derived from stale-while-revalidate, a cache invalidation strategy popularized by HTTP RFC 5861. SWR first returns the data from cache (stale), then sends the request (revalidate), and finally comes with the up-to-date data again.\n\nWith just one hook, you can significantly simplify the data fetching logic in your project.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "SWR: React Hooks for Data Fetching",
+        "url": "https://swr.vercel.app/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Next.js",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/nextjs?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "5EPmbiNdP_vhIXclv_GjV": {
+    "title": "react-query",
+    "description": "Powerful asynchronous state management, server-state utilities and data fetching for TS/JS, React, Solid, Svelte and Vue.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "TanStack Query",
+        "url": "https://github.com/TanStack/query",
+        "type": "opensource"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about React",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/react?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "React Query in 100 Seconds",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=novnyCaa7To",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "React Query Tutorial for Beginners - Complete Playlist",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLC3y8-rFHvwjTELCrPrcZlo6blLBUspd2",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "ElqWQClryfSYdL7P_mgYK": {
+    "title": "Axios",
+    "description": "The most common way for frontend programs to communicate with servers is through the HTTP protocol. You are probably familiar with the Fetch API and the XMLHttpRequest interface, which allows you to fetch resources and make HTTP requests.\n\nAxios is a client HTTP API based on the XMLHttpRequest interface provided by browsers.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Axios Getting Started",
+        "url": "https://axios-http.com/docs/intro",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How to make HTTP requests with Axios",
+        "url": "https://blog.logrocket.com/how-to-make-http-requests-like-a-pro-with-axios/#why",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Axios",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/axios?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "h49-tjEkKcq7d7ikRHIOx": {
+    "title": "rtk-query",
+    "description": "[RTK Query](https://redux-toolkit.js.org/rtk-query/overview) is a data fetching and caching tool that is included in the Redux Toolkit package. It is designed to simplify common use cases for fetching data, including caching, polling, and invalidation.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "RTK Query - Official Website",
+        "url": "https://redux-toolkit.js.org/rtk-query/overview",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "e_lwZ-a72-tAan2KDX6k3": {
+    "title": "Testing",
+    "description": "A key to building software that meets requirements without defects is testing. Software testing helps developers know they are building the right software. When tests are run as part of the development process (often with continuous integration tools), they build confidence and prevent regressions in the code.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is Software Testing?",
+        "url": "https://www.guru99.com/software-testing-introduction-importance.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Testing Pyramid",
+        "url": "https://www.browserstack.com/guide/testing-pyramid-for-test-automation",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Testing",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/testing?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "opa61u9gYgSpoPtxp58wu": {
+    "title": "Jest",
+    "description": "Jest is a delightful JavaScript Testing Framework with a focus on simplicity. It works with projects using: Babel, TypeScript, Node, React, Angular, Vue and more!\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Jest Website",
+        "url": "https://jestjs.io/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Jest",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/jest?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "LULjhsPNONyI5912DKzPw": {
+    "title": "Vitest",
+    "description": "Vitest is a fast Vite-native unit test framework with out-of-box ESM, TypeScript and JSX support. Works on React, Vue, Svelte and more projects created with Vite\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Vitest Website",
+        "url": "https://vitest.dev/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Testing with Vitest",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cM_AeQHzlGg",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "cQllxv7qGbRtM9O5llgN6": {
+    "title": "react-testing-library",
+    "description": "The React Testing Library is a very lightweight solution for testing React components. It provides light utility functions on top of react-dom and react-dom/test-utils, in a way that encourages better testing practices. Its primary guiding principle is: The more your tests resemble the way your software is used, the more confidence they can give you.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "React Testing Library",
+        "url": "https://testing-library.com/docs/react-testing-library/intro/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How to use React Testing Library",
+        "url": "https://www.robinwieruch.de/react-testing-library/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about React",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/react?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "zN7Ps1puD-YpHbKi1pHH8": {
+    "title": "Cypress",
+    "description": "Cypress framework is a JavaScript-based end-to-end testing framework built on top of Mocha – a feature-rich JavaScript test framework running on and in the browser, making asynchronous testing simple and convenient. It also uses a BDD/TDD assertion library and a browser to pair with any JavaScript testing framework.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Official Website",
+        "url": "https://www.cypress.io/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Official Documentation",
+        "url": "https://docs.cypress.io/guides/overview/why-cypress#Other",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Cypress",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/cypress?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Cypress End-to-End Testing",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7N63cMKosIE",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "g39P0c6M2sHNoUPs0m8tr": {
+    "title": "Playwright",
+    "description": "Playwright Test was created specifically to accommodate the needs of end-to-end testing. Playwright supports all modern rendering engines including Chromium, WebKit, and Firefox. Test on Windows, Linux, and macOS, locally or on CI, headless or headed with native mobile emulation of Google Chrome for Android and Mobile Safari.Playwright leverages the DevTools protocol to write powerful, stable automated tests.Playwright can actually see into and control the browser rather than relying on a middle translation layer, it allows for the simulation of more insightful and relevant user scenarios.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Official Website: Playwright",
+        "url": "https://playwright.dev/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Playwright Tutorial: Learn Basics and Setup",
+        "url": "https://www.browserstack.com/guide/playwright-tutorial",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Get started with end-to-end testing: Playwright",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLQ6Buerc008ed-F9OksF7ek37wR3y916p",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "W-atg_Msa9uPLr6RXAKSb": {
+    "title": "Frameworks",
+    "description": "Server-side rendering (SSR) is a technique for rendering a JavaScript application on the server, rather than in the browser. This can improve the performance and user experience of a web application, as the initial render of the application is done on the server and the content is sent to the browser as a fully-rendered HTML page.\n\nThere are several frameworks and libraries available for server-side rendering React applications, most common being Next.js and Remix:\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Next.js",
+        "url": "https://nextjs.org/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Remix",
+        "url": "https://remix.run/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Next.js 14 Full Course 2024",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wm5gMKuwSYk",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Remix Crash Course",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RBYJTop1e-g",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "HdWq9ue0JdwmwqSIN2OD_": {
+    "title": "Next.js",
+    "description": "Next.js is an open-source development framework built on top of Node.js enabling React based web applications functionalities such as server-side rendering and generating static websites.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Official Website",
+        "url": "https://nextjs.org/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Official Docs for Getting Started",
+        "url": "https://nextjs.org/docs/getting-started",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Mastering Next.js",
+        "url": "https://masteringnextjs.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about JavaScript",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/javascript?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Next.js Full course",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9P8mASSREYM&list=PLC3y8-rFHvwgC9mj0qv972IO5DmD-H0ZH",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Next.js for Beginners - freeCodeCamp",
+        "url": "https://youtu.be/KjY94sAKLlw?si=orve81YcY8Fm2vDy",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "_HoZkE7FH-v3wI_722ZTF": {
+    "title": "Astro",
+    "description": "Astro is the web framework for building content-driven websites like blogs, marketing, and e-commerce. Astro is best-known for pioneering a new frontend architecture to reduce JavaScript overhead and complexity compared to other frameworks. If you need a website that loads fast and has great SEO, then Astro is for you.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Astro Website",
+        "url": "https://astro.build/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Astro Crash Course in 60 Minutes",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NniT0vKyn-E",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How To: Add/Integrate React.js and TailwindCss into Astro framework",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d6CsWTVa42o",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "-WjJBYCmRRj08n_9HxohY": {
+    "title": "react-router",
+    "description": "There used to be Remix in this list but they announced to merge Remix into react-router after v7.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Official Website",
+        "url": "https://remix.run/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Announcement to merge Remix into react-router",
+        "url": "https://remix.run/blog/merging-remix-and-react-router",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "KHcC5pFN3qLnsbPPKpYd2": {
+    "title": "Forms",
+    "description": "Although you can build forms using vanilla React, it normally requires a lot of boilerplate code. This is because the form is built using a combination of state and props. To make it easier to manage forms, we use some sort of library.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "How to use Forms in React",
+        "url": "https://www.robinwieruch.de/react-form/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "React Forms: the SIMPLEST way",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CT-72lTXdPg",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "_5ht0PAdVOJWPzTRS1mVg": {
+    "title": "React Hook Form",
+    "description": "React hook form is an opensource form library for react. Performant, flexible and extensible forms with easy-to-use validation.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "react-hook-form/react-hook-form",
+        "url": "https://github.com/react-hook-form/react-hook-form",
+        "type": "opensource"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "React Hook Form: Official Website",
+        "url": "https://react-hook-form.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about React",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/react?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "gr1CaLvL7tFOkIRywSsID": {
+    "title": "Formik",
+    "description": "Formik is another famous opensource form library that helps with getting values in and out of form state, validation and error messages, and handling form submissions.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "formik/formik",
+        "url": "https://github.com/formik/formik",
+        "type": "opensource"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Official Website — Formik",
+        "url": "https://formik.org/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Formik - Building React Forms easier",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=khGypss-RJs",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "React Formik Tutorial with Yup (React Form Validation)",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7Ophfq0lEAY",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "UNlvRp6k3_RDoTAAIEfJ1": {
+    "title": "Types & Validation",
+    "description": "**Typescript** provides a static type system that helps you in avoiding mistakes during the development and provides other features (e.g. IDE support) that help you improve your productivity.\n\nOne thing you should note is that TypeScript can only help you avoid mistakes during the development. We can't rely on it to validate a client's input. **Zod** is a powerful validation library that allows us to validate: form input, local storage, API contracts and much more using their typesafe implementation.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is TypeScript and why would I use it in place of JavaScript?",
+        "url": "https://stackoverflow.com/questions/12694530/what-is-typescript-and-why-would-i-use-it-in-place-of-javascript",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "When Use Zod",
+        "url": "https://www.totaltypescript.com/when-should-you-use-zod",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "ElgRwv5LSVg5FXGx-2K2s": {
+    "title": "TypeScript",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "K3RZ8ESxWCpLKHePF87Hy": {
+    "title": "Zod",
+    "description": "Zod is a TypeScript-first schema declaration and validation library. I'm using the term \"schema\" to broadly refer to any data type, from a simple string to a complex nested object.\n\nZod is designed to be as developer-friendly as possible. The goal is to eliminate duplicative type declarations. With Zod, you declare a validator once and Zod will automatically infer the static TypeScript type. It's easy to compose simpler types into complex data structures.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Zod Website",
+        "url": "https://zod.dev/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Learn Zod In 30 Minutes",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L6BE-U3oy80",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "bRpeoo9zXrnZ2IHSI7JX4": {
+    "title": "Animation",
+    "description": "Animation in React can be achieved using various methods, such as CSS transitions, keyframes, or libraries like `react-spring`, `framer-motion`, and `GSAP` (GreenSock Animation Platform). CSS transitions are ideal for simple animations, where you can toggle classes or manipulate inline styles to create smooth transitions. For more complex and interactive animations, libraries like `react-spring` provide a declarative approach, allowing you to create animations by defining spring physics or interpolating values. `framer-motion` offers a rich API to handle complex animations, gestures, and even layout transitions with ease. `GSAP` is another powerful library that excels at creating high-performance animations, offering fine-grained control over every aspect of the animation process. These tools integrate seamlessly with React's component-driven architecture, enabling you to create responsive and dynamic user interfaces.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Framer Motion Docs",
+        "url": "https://www.framer.com/motion/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "GSAP Docs",
+        "url": "https://gsap.com/docs/v3/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "React Spring Docs",
+        "url": "https://www.react-spring.dev/docs/getting-started",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "SUeXDkmOLipdRP4fSrZOH": {
+    "title": "Server APIs",
+    "description": "The react-dom/server APIs let you render React components to HTML on the server. These APIs are only used on the server at the top level of your app to generate the initial HTML. A [framework](https://react.dev/learn/start-a-new-react-project#production-grade-react-frameworks) may call them for you. Most of your components don’t need to import or use them.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Documentation For API",
+        "url": "https://react.dev/reference/react-dom/server",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "H6-XGDjs4f-qbv13v5av0": {
+    "title": "Framer Motion",
+    "description": "Framer Motion is a popular open-source motion library for React that allows developers to create sophisticated animations and interactions with ease. It is designed to be simple to use yet powerful, providing a rich set of tools to animate elements in a declarative way.\n\nIt powers the amazing animations and interactions in Framer, the web builder for creative pros. Zero code, maximum speed.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Framer Motion Website",
+        "url": "https://www.framer.com/motion/introduction/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Framer Motion Crash Course with React & TS",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hjbxaYTMhy0&list=PLA4qBVt61k3Phpwt7uqaptIg9NYZ5aNu_",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "WzoB5B6SdOI4Mzv6U51nY": {
+    "title": "react spring",
+    "description": "React Spring is a popular animation library for React that leverages the principles of spring physics to create smooth, natural-looking animations. Unlike traditional animation libraries that rely on keyframes and linear transitions, React Spring uses spring-based physics to produce fluid and realistic animations that can dynamically respond to user interactions and state changes.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "React Spring — Official Website",
+        "url": "https://www.react-spring.dev/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How to Create Interactive Animations Using React Spring",
+        "url": "https://www.sitepoint.com/react-spring-interactive-animations/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "React Spring Crash Course",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f2vdduklY20&list=PLLnpHn493BHGrM7tAQL8qVtqwqzbuuE5_",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "y2dI1DVLWKAkv6VRpgaQa": {
+    "title": "GSock",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "_F3WMxhzaK9F8_-zHDDMF": {
+    "title": "Suspense",
+    "description": "React Suspense is a feature in React that allows components to \"suspend\" rendering while they are waiting for something to happen, such as data to be fetched from an API or an image to be loaded. Suspense allows developers to create a more seamless user experience by rendering a placeholder or fallback component while the component is waiting for the required data to be available.\n\nHere is a general overview of how React Suspense works:\n\n*   A component that uses Suspense wraps a component that may need to \"suspend\" rendering in a `Suspense` component.\n*   The wrapped component throws a promise when it needs to suspend rendering.\n*   The `Suspense` component catches the promise and renders a fallback component while the promise is pending.\n*   When the promise resolves, the wrapped component is rendered with the required data.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "React Suspense",
+        "url": "https://react.dev/reference/react/Suspense",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "DcDggX4OmmwvJGHwuV86t": {
+    "title": "Portals",
+    "description": "Portals provide a first-class way to render children into a DOM node that exists outside the DOM hierarchy of the parent component.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Portals in React",
+        "url": "https://react.dev/reference/react-dom/createPortal",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "React Portals",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HpHLa-5Wdys",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "gMHMjsh0i8paLZUH5mDX3": {
+    "title": "Error Boundaries",
+    "description": "In the past, JavaScript errors inside components used to corrupt React’s internal state and cause it to emit cryptic errors on next renders. These errors were always caused by an earlier error in the application code, but React did not provide a way to handle them gracefully in components, and could not recover from them.\n\nError boundaries are React components that catch JavaScript errors anywhere in their child component tree, log those errors, and display a fallback UI instead of the component tree that crashed. Error boundaries catch errors during rendering, in lifecycle methods, and in constructors of the whole tree below them.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Error Boundaries in React",
+        "url": "https://react.dev/reference/react/Component#catching-rendering-errors-with-an-error-boundary",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "txARr3lgTvy-vJCj5zAb1": {
+    "title": "Mobile Applications",
+    "description": "React Native is an open-source UI software framework created by Meta Platforms, Inc. It is used to develop applications for Android, Android TV, iOS, macOS, tvOS, Web, Windows and UWP by enabling developers to use the React framework along with native platform capabilities.",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "React Native Official website",
+        "url": "https://reactnative.dev/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "React Native Course for Beginners",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZBCUegTZF7M",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "NvXAq1vN2wpncdW-yTL4c": {
+    "title": "React Native",
+    "description": "React Native is an open-source UI software framework created by Meta Platforms, Inc. It is used to develop applications for Android, Android TV, iOS, macOS, tvOS, Web, Windows and UWP by enabling developers to use the React framework along with native platform capabilities.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "React Native: Official Website",
+        "url": "https://reactnative.dev/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Official Getting Started",
+        "url": "https://reactnative.dev/docs/getting-started",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about React",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/react?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "1kbrCI5JS0c9wbzxXpgFU": {
+    "title": "MobX",
+    "description": "MobX is a powerful and intuitive state management library that enhances application scalability and simplicity through its use of functional reactive programming. The core philosophy of MobX is rooted in straightforwardness and efficiency. Developers can write minimalistic, boilerplate-free code that clearly expresses their intentions. For instance, updating a record field is as simple as performing a standard JavaScript assignment, with MobX automatically detecting changes and propagating them throughout the application. This eliminates the need for specialized tools in asynchronous data processes.",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Official Website: MobX",
+        "url": "https://mobx.js.org/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How to Improve State Management in React with MobX",
+        "url": "https://medium.com/whitespectre/how-to-improve-state-management-in-react-with-mobx-568808ff86a4",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Mobx React - State Management",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AgcaGGkYy_8",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "MobX Tutorial with React and Typescript",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ElgfQdq-Htk",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/public/roadmap-content/server-side-game-developer.json b/public/roadmap-content/server-side-game-developer.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a777f830f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/public/roadmap-content/server-side-game-developer.json
@@ -0,0 +1,782 @@
+{
+  "rQArtuVKGVgLn_fw9yO3b": {
+    "title": "Server-Side Development",
+    "description": "The term \"server-side\" refers to operations that are performed by the server in a client-server relationship in a computer network. In games, the server-side is responsible for the logic and rules of the game, data persistence, security, and synchronization of the game state among all connected clients. It essentially handles all processing that isn't done on the client-side. Code run on the server-side can be written in various programming languages, but it's often in PHP, Ruby, Python, .NET, Java, or JavaScript (Node.js). Knowing server-side programming is critical for any game developer to create maintainable, scalable, and secure online games.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "mUCidjOsVLMAVDf2jmV5F": {
+    "title": "TCP",
+    "description": "TCP, an acronym for Transmission Control Protocol, is a fundamental protocol in the suite of internet protocols. It is a connection-oriented, reliable, byte stream service that sits at the transport layer of the OSI Model. In simpler terms, TCP enables two hosts to establish a connection and exchange data. During this communication, TCP ensures that data is not lost or received out of order by providing error checking mechanisms and a system for retransmission of lost data. Furthermore, to ensure efficient use of network resources, TCP implements flow control, congestion control and provides a means for hosts to dynamically adjust the throughput of the connection.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "XxBl-zO7CF6DpOZ2bMDxJ": {
+    "title": "Checksum",
+    "description": "A **checksum** in TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) is a 16-bit field in the TCP header used to perform error checks on the segments. TCP stack computes the checksum value for the data transmitted and sends it along with the data to the receiving system. The receiving system re-computes the checksum and compares it with the value sent along with the data. If both the computed values match, the data is assumed to be free from transmission errors. However, if the computed values don't match, TCP will detect a possible change in received data, and the receiver will request for the re-transmission of the lost or corrupted data packets. Please note that while the checksum operation helps to ensure data integrity, it is not entirely foolproof as it might not detect all possible errors, particularly those that involve multiple bit changes.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "zTCmPUp9j5P1wpGgiboMa": {
+    "title": "Segment Structure",
+    "description": "TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) uses a method called \"segmentation\" to manage data transmission. In this approach, TCP divides a stream of data into smaller parts, known as \"segments\". Each of these segments is then independently sent over the internet. A basic TCP segment consists of a header and the data section. The header contains various fields such as source port, destination port, sequence number, acknowledgment number, data offset, reserved section, control bit, window, checksum, urgent pointer, and options. The rest of the segment is occupied by the data transferred by TCP. Understanding the structure of these segments is crucial for understanding how TCP, and thereby much of the Internet, operates.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "5sI3RHaLudq4TfpjoYeOp": {
+    "title": "Connection",
+    "description": "`Connection` in server-side game development refers to the establishment of a link between the game server and the game client (usually the player's device). This connection can either be persistent or non-persistent, depending on the game’s requirements. Persistent connections remain active as long as the user is logged in, facilitating real-time communication between the server and the client. Non-persistent connections, on the other hand, are established and discontinued as needed. This element is crucial in multiplayer games where the server handles the synchronization of data among multiple clients, enabling players to interact with each other in the same virtual environment.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "LkGI0VpJ3WkpPHkJhJgWk": {
+    "title": "Resource Usage",
+    "description": "In server-side game development, **resource usage** broadly refers to how a game uses the server's computational power, memory, storage, and networking capabilities. These resources are crucial in assuring overall game performance and responsiveness. When monitoring resource usage, you typically pay attention to CPU usage, memory utilization, storage capacity, network bandwidth, and database performance. Server-side code must be developed and optimized with these resources in mind, as inefficient code can lead to increased resource usage, potentially causing lag, disconnections, or crashes. Key elements like scalable architecture and serverless technologies are primarily employed to efficiently manage and balance resource usage. Tools and automated solutions are commonly utilized to monitor and manage these resources in real-time, allowing developers to identify potential issues and optimize accordingly.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "5bJUcx3v4dpdlIsx7bFvK": {
+    "title": "Data Transfer",
+    "description": "Data transfer in server-side game development refers to the movement of data between the server and client or among various components of the server itself. Game data, such as player scores, game states, and updates, are frequently transferred to ensure a consistent and updated gaming environment. Various methods are used for data transfer, including RESTful APIs, websockets, and protocol buffers. The choice of method often depends on factors such as the size and type of data, the target platform, and the specific needs of the game. Remember, efficient and secure data transfer is essential for providing a smooth and engaging gaming experience.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "1l5dhQWYPhUSg-cy5pSlK": {
+    "title": "Max Segment Scaling",
+    "description": "`Max Segment Scaling (MSS)` is a TCP feature that defines the maximum amount of data that can be received in a single TCP segment. It is specified during the TCP connection establishment phase. The MSS is calculated as the data link layer Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) minus the size of the TCP and IP headers. The mechanism helps to avoid fragmentation at the IP layer, ensuring the data packets sent are optimal for the network path taken, preventing potential transmission inefficiencies or packet loss issues.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "zvBKjceXRSfEe_3MDCEL5": {
+    "title": "Window Scaling",
+    "description": "Window Scaling is a mechanism in the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) that provides support for larger receiver window sizes beyond the maximum limit of 65,535 bytes. This TCP feature is essential when dealing with high latency or high bandwidth networks (common in server-side game development), where frames might be significantly delayed or rapidly transmitted. The window size initially specified in the TCP header is augmented via a scale factor (defined during the connection setup), allowing the receiver window size to be as large as 1 gigabyte. However, keep in mind that Window Scaling can only be employed at the connection setup stage; once the connection is established, the scaling factor cannot be changed.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "6KAYNPLEFMp6Jha8FLMAU": {
+    "title": "Timestamp",
+    "description": "A `timestamp` in server side game development is essentially a sequence of characters, encoding the date and time at which a certain event occurred. This data is particularly significant when tracking the sequence of certain events, debugging issues, logging, and when performing any sort of data analysis. The timestamp is typically generated by the server and it reflects the server's current date and time. For instance, you might find it in a server log file, indicating when each event occurred, or in a database row, showing when each row was created or last updated. Timestamps are often included in the HTTP headers to let the client know when the resource was last modified.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "3OMu3RM-6pMjqY1jAmC2-": {
+    "title": "Out-of-Band Data",
+    "description": "\"Out of band\" data, in the context of server-side game development, refers to data that is transmitted separately from the main data stream. This data is used for managing control information rather than actual game data, for instance, data regarding the status of the server, notifications about issues, or urgent commands. Given its importance, it's often designed to bypass any queueing or buffering systems to be delivered straight to the application, hence its name — it is \"out of band\" compared to the normal data transmissions in the game. Please note, out of band data needs proper handling to prevent potential vulnerabilities including security issues.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "SPpOO25b7wpajWDIrKi1u": {
+    "title": "Selective Ack.",
+    "description": "Selective Acknowledgement (SACK) is a mechanism introduced in TCP to improve its efficiency in handling packet loss in the network. When TCP detects packet loss, it normally retransmits all packets sent after the lost packet, regardless of whether they were received successfully or not. SACK, however, allows the receiver to acknowledge non-consecutive packets, effectively informing the sender exactly which packets were received successfully and which weren't. By using this mechanism, TCP can selectively retransmit only those packets that were lost, saving bandwidth and improving overall performance.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "1GML0Jsfdb1Fn-0PNryiQ": {
+    "title": "Congestion Control",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "X2KHWgQZDHSVDsTRMUwSj": {
+    "title": "Reliable Transmission",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "lDVD-3i64Mk7-KPJrXmFH": {
+    "title": "Flow Control",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "vFM311xSa5OqNVove2f6j": {
+    "title": "Error Detection",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "w6ysmcsBn9jJ8xMvg7hcD": {
+    "title": "Max Segment Size",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "MwLWDlciJOq_0n5S3GoF-": {
+    "title": "Vulnerability",
+    "description": "`TCP` (Transmission Control Protocol) is an important protocol known for its reliability in delivering data packets, but it also has several vulnerabilities. The most significant weakness is TCP’s susceptibility to a variety of **Denial-of-Service (DoS)** attacks, such as TCP SYN flood attacks, where an attacker sends a succession of SYN requests to a target's system in an attempt to consume server resources to make the system unresponsive. Additionally, sequence prediction can be exploited where an attacker can predict the sequence number of TCP packets to hijack the TCP session. There are also risks of IP spoofing, where an attacker can forge the IP address in the TCP packet header and pretend to be another user in the network. These vulnerabilities may expose sensitive information, disrupt normal functions or allow unauthorized access, especially in the context of a server-side game developer dealing with potentially large volumes of traffic.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "TbXJO__4xSnzK1fvvJK86": {
+    "title": "Denial of Service",
+    "description": "Denial of Service (DoS) is a malicious attempt to disrupt the regular functioning of a network, service, or server by overwhelming the network or server with a flood of internet traffic. The most common type of DoS attack involves flooding the target with unnecessary requests in an attempt to overload the system. In a Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attack, multiple computers are used to carry out the cyber attack. For servers, these attacks can significantly affect the availability and performance of games, causing a poor experience for the users.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "ubRiY3jdh3iS3diN482IU": {
+    "title": "Connection Hijacking",
+    "description": "`Connection hijacking`, also known as session hijacking, is a serious security threat in the realm of server side game development. It refers to the exploitation of a valid computer session, or more precisely, the intrusion of an unauthorized user into a valid connection between two nodes or endpoints. The attacker intercepts the traffic between these two nodes, thereby 'hijacking' the connection. In game development, this could involve intercepting information between a game server and a client's system. Connection hijacking could expose sensitive data, tamper with the data in transit, or even redirect clients to rogue servers. Hence, implementing necessary security protocols to mitigate such vulnerability is crucial.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "ZLTfpRZ0rF-mtd7Z0R2WF": {
+    "title": "Veto",
+    "description": "`Veto` is often used in multiplayer games to prevent or allow certain actions during the game. For instance, players can issue commands to block specific actions from their opponents. As a server-side game developer, you must ensure security measures are in place to validate the authenticity of these commands to safeguard against potential vulnerability. A veto vulnerability can occur when malicious players manipulate veto commands to their advantage or disrupt the game, which can lead to an unfair gaming environment or even crash the server. Therefore, your code should always verify who is sending veto commands and check the validity of these commands.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "IMyHwnXxJK6oFxzOMLxjS": {
+    "title": "UDP",
+    "description": "`UDP`, or User Datagram Protocol, is a communications protocol that sends data over the internet. Unlike TCP (Transmission Control Protocol), it's a connectionless protocol that doesn't ensure data packet delivery. It transmits datagrams – an independent, discrete packet of data – without first establishing a proper handshake between the sender and the receiver. The sender doesn't wait for an acknowledgment after sending a datagram, and the receiver doesn't send any acknowledgment upon receiving a datagram. This makes UDP faster but less reliable than TCP. UDP is used for time-sensitive transmissions where dropped packets are acceptable, such as in live video streaming, voice over IP (VoIP), and online multiplayer gaming.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "Vh81GnOUOZvDOlOyI5PwT": {
+    "title": "Reliability",
+    "description": "Reliability refers to how consistently a data packet can be transferred from one system to another over a network. In terms of the User Datagram Protocol (UDP), it has a lack of reliability built into it. This means UDP does not guarantee that your data will reach its destination, it merely sends the packets without any acknowledgement of receipt. Unlike its counterpart, Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), which implements error-checking mechanisms to ensure data integrity and delivery. In summary, if you require high reliability in your server side game development, protocols other than UDP might need to be considered.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "wD_HWc9YxPhlkilt585pg": {
+    "title": "Datagram",
+    "description": "A **Datagram** is the basic unit of data transfer in network communication using protocols such as User Datagram Protocol (UDP). Each datagram operates independently of each other, meaning they may be received in a different order than they were sent, or they might not be received at all. Therefore, unlike TCP (Transmission Control Protocol), UDP does not guarantee that datagrams are delivered in the same order that they were sent, or even at all - hence known as connectionless protocol. However, it is faster and more efficient for applications that do not require delivery guarantees, such as voice over IP, live video broadcasts, and other real-time applications. Each datagram contains information about the sender, the intended recipient, and the data that it is intended to communicate along with its size and other specifications.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "jsNsyrGzegVnjIF2l52vI": {
+    "title": "Congestion Control",
+    "description": "`Congestion Control` is a critical feature of TCP, but not inherently a part of UDP. The primary purpose of congestion control is to prevent too much data from being sent into the network such that it can't handle the traffic, leading to packet loss. TCP's congestion control mechanism adjusts the data send rate based on the perceived network congestion. UDP does not provide congestion control by itself. However, this does not mean congestion control can't be implemented if you're using UDP. Developers can implement a custom congestion control mechanism over UDP, but it requires substantial understanding and careful management to achieve this without creating network or server performance issues.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "tBOvBpDi3SOKZjAmkxdM0": {
+    "title": "Checksum",
+    "description": "The `checksum` is an important element in UDP that ensures the integrity and validation of the data being transmitted. It computes the total sum of all the bytes in a packet and incorporates it as an additional `checksum` field in the UDP header. When the packet arrives at its destination, this process is repeated and compared with the included `checksum`. If a match is observed, the packet is deemed valid. If not, it signifies that an error occurred during transmission possibly due to noise or any third-party interference. In such a case, the packet is simply dropped, as UDP does not initiate any retransmission or error correction procedure. This is why a perfect output cannot be guaranteed with UDP, nor can it determine whether all the recipients are receiving the packets properly.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "CCxVnrGDKa1EROXgF_OAm": {
+    "title": "Packet Structure",
+    "description": "UDP or User Datagram Protocol is designed to send messages known as datagrams over the network. The packet structure of UDP is relatively simple compared to other protocol types. Each UDP header consists of 4 fields, each of 2 bytes. These 4 fields are namely: Source Port, Destination Port, Length, and Checksum. The `Source Port` is for tracking responses and `Destination Port` is for delivering the datagram on the receiving end. The `Length` specifies the entire datagram size including the header and data while the `Checksum` is used to verify the integrity of the data and header.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "RfTcTUjaXyp49FnUf44MK": {
+    "title": "TCP vs UDP",
+    "description": "TCP, or Transmission Control Protocol, is a connection-oriented protocol that guarantees delivery of packets to the destination router. It includes error-checking and ensures packets are delivered in the correct order. On the other hand, UDP, or User Datagram Protocol, is a connectionless protocol which doesn't guarantee delivery or ensure correct sequencing of packets. As a result, UDP is considered faster and more efficient for some applications like video streaming or online gaming where speed matters more than accuracy. So, choosing between TCP and UDP really boils down to the specific requirements and priorities of the situation - it's a trade-off between speed and reliability.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "MoyBGT9bscUe8vMN4J0bG": {
+    "title": "Reliable vs Unreliable",
+    "description": "In the context of network communication, the terms \"reliable\" and \"unreliable\" refer to whether or not data sent across the network is guaranteed to reach its destination. Reliable protocols, such as TCP, ensure that data is delivered from sender to receiver without loss. They do this by establishing a connection, dividing data into packets, sending them one by one, and waiting for acknowledgment of receipt from the receiver. Each sent packet is numbered so if any packet doesn't reach the receiver, it will be identified by the missing sequence number and resent. In this way, reliable protocols ensure data integrity and order.\n\nOn the other hand, unreliable protocols, such as UDP, do not guarantee delivery. They simply transmit data without any checks to ensure it has been received. If a packet is dropped for any reason, it is not resent. These protocols do not establish a connection nor check for successful data transfer. This leads to potential data loss, but it provides a faster and more efficient transmission process which can be desirable in certain situations.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "WMdCDmFsytsF2AWQXfzC8": {
+    "title": "Ordered vs Unordered",
+    "description": "In the context of TCP vs UDP, \"ordered\" and \"not ordered\" refers to the order in which packets are received. In TCP (Transmission Control Protocol), packets are ordered. This means that the packets of data are sent and received in the same order. For example, if packet 1, packet 2, and packet 3 are sent in that order, they will be delivered and read in that exact order whether, packet 2 takes longer to send or not. On the other hand, UDP (User Datagram Protocol) is not ordered. The packets of data are independent of each other. So, if packet 1, packet 2, and packet 3 are sent in that order, they could be received in a different order such as packet 2, packet 1, then packet 3. This happens because UDP doesn't re-order packets as TCP does.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "OYXKtl4A-vaK6yGO6hS6n": {
+    "title": "Heavy vs Lightweight",
+    "description": "TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) is often described as a \"heavyweight\" protocol because it provides numerous features such as error-checking, guaranteed delivery, and order-of-arrival of data packets, which makes it more complex to implement in the server. This complexity results in additional server load, making it heavier in terms of processing resources and system requirements.\n\nOn the other hand, UDP (User Datagram Protocol) is known as a \"lightweight\" protocol. It is simpler and faster because it does not offer the same extensive features as TCP. UDP does not guarantee delivery, does not require initial handshake establishment between communicating systems, and does not put data packets in order, thereby reducing the computation and rendering it lightweight.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "JE3uZ5U6oe6dVzsmglTl2": {
+    "title": "Packet vs Datagram",
+    "description": "**Packet** and **Datagram** are terms used in data communication.\n\nA **Packet** is the most general term that just refers to the encapsulated data passed across networks. It is the generic term used to describe unit of data at all levels of the protocol stack. Packets include not just the data, but also headers and footers with control information, such as source and destination addresses, error checking codes, and sequencing information.\n\nOn the other hand, a **Datagram** is a specific type of data packet. It is an independent, self-contained message sent over the network whose arrival, arrival time, and content are not guaranteed. This term is particularly associated with the UDP (User Datagram Protocol), where each transmission unit is called a datagram.\n\nThe difference between packets and datagrams depends largely on the protocol being used to transmit the data. TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) data is typically referred to as a packet, whereas with UDP it is a datagram.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "pJw8fN1dt3BABtZVz7wGE": {
+    "title": "Streaming vs Broadcast",
+    "description": "In the context of network protocol, streaming and broadcasting are two methods for transmitting data packets. Streaming, often performed over TCP, entails sending data from one source to a single specific destination. This method is comparable to a one-to-one phone call. The streaming process is characterized by steady data transmission directly to a single receiver who has initiated a connection. On the contrary, broadcasting refers to the transmittal of data packets from one source to all possible destinations in the network. Similar to a public announcement over a loudspeaker, the data is sent to all receptive entities. Broadcasting primarily utilizes the UDP protocol and does not require a direct connection or acknowledgement of receipt from the recipients.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "tg94V7K0mgYhpkUMp_Scv": {
+    "title": "IP",
+    "description": "**Internet Protocol (IP)** is the primary method used to send and receive messages on the internet. It's a set of rules that dictate how data should be delivered over the internet. An IP address is a unique string of numbers separated by periods that identifies each device using the Internet Protocol to communicate over a network. There are two types: IPv4 and IPv6. IPv4, the most common, consists of four groups of numbers, each ranging from 0 to 255. For example, \"192.168.0.1\". On the other hand, IPv6, the next-generation protocol, provides about 340 undecillion addresses, ensuring the ability to provide unique IPs for every device on the planet. For instance, \"2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334\". Each IP address can be static (permanent) or dynamic (changeable), depending on your network configurations.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "5kF1fqr-mn5-15e3aMa9k": {
+    "title": "Capability",
+    "description": "In server-side game development, `capability` basically refers to the potential of the server in terms of supporting the game mechanics, the players, the network traffic, and other elements that allow the game to function effectively. Hosting servers condition the player's game interface and user experience, incorporating the aspects of speed, smooth game flow, glitch prevention, and high-performance gameplay. Certain servers have higher capabilities, supporting complex games with vast virtual environments, numerous players, and extensive data traffic. Their capacity extends to facilitating updates and patches immediately. On the other hand, servers with lower capabilities might only cater to simpler games. Ultimately, the `capability` of an IP server is a key factor in developing and maintaining a successful online, multiplayer, or large-scale game.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "2jDV-ovvrkBbTTLk5VbR9": {
+    "title": "Reliability",
+    "description": "The **Reliability** in terms of IP (Internet Protocol) generally refers to the dependability and consistency of the network connections. It's essentially about how reliable the data transfer is over the network. IP itself is an unreliable protocol, meaning it doesn't guarantee the delivery of data packets. This is where protocols like TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) come in. TCP adds a layer of reliability to IP by ensuring the delivery of the data packets, ordering them correctly and error-checking. This ensures that game data synchronizes correctly across the server and clients without any loss, providing consistency and a smooth gameplay experience. However, the full guarantees of TCP come with some additional overhead; therefore, some games might prefer to use unreliable protocols when high performance is more critical than absolute reliability.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "OzY-LPcfj1sBm_0F0WbIJ": {
+    "title": "Link Capacity",
+    "description": "Link capacity, also known as bandwidth, refers to the maximum amount of data that can be transmitted over a network link within a given period of time. It is usually measured in bits per second (bps), kilobits per second (Kbps), megabits per second (Mbps), gigabits per second (Gbps), or terabits per second (Tbps). The link capacity is a critical factor in determining the throughput and latency of a server, impacting the overall performance and efficiency of the network communication. Please note that link capacity can be affected by various factors such as the quality of the transmission medium, the distance between the source and destination, and the network congestion.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "YPvm8XD_FaFYCQ-b7-KsH": {
+    "title": "Function",
+    "description": "In server-side game development, functions are a fundamental building block of programming. These are reusable pieces of code designed to perform a particular task. Developers create functions to streamline code, improve readability, and enhance the efficiency of their program. Functions can take parameters as input and return a result. The syntax for declaring a function varies from one programming language to another. However, the basic structure remains the same. It usually starts with a function keyword, followed by the function name and parentheses `()`. Inside these parentheses, we can pass parameters. These parameters are then utilized within the function's body enclosed within curly brackets `{}`. The outputs are typically returned using a return statement. Remember, each function should ideally perform one task, and the function name should accurately represent its purpose to make the code self-explanatory.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "jnQAzUUnwpJgoRuRIFtSe": {
+    "title": "Datagram Construction",
+    "description": "Datagram construction is a fundamental process in server-side game development, especially when dealing with UDP (User Datagram Protocol). In this context, a datagram is a basic transfer unit associated with a packet-switched network, which typically encompasses a header and payload data. The process of datagram construction involves encapsulating the specific game data (such as player position, game state, etc.) in the datagram payload and setting appropriate values in the datagram header such as Source and Destination IP addresses, Checksum and other protocol-specific values. Constructing and parsing datagrams correctly is crucial for ensuring reliable and efficient communication between the game server and clients.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "3ZcJNDCHw2pFzewmoB-03": {
+    "title": "IP Addressing",
+    "description": "IP (Internet Protocol) addressing is a fundamental aspect of networking, at the core of interaction between systems in a network. Each device connected to a network must have a unique address, known as an IP address, to communicate with other devices. In version 4 of the IP protocol (IPv4), these addresses are usually represented as four numbers, each ranging from 0 to 255, separated by periods (e.g., 192.168.1.1). The newer standard, IPv6, introduced to deal with the shortage of available IPv4 addresses, employs a more complex notation using hexadecimal numbers and colons. However, the purpose remains the same: to uniquely identify each device on a network. IP addresses can be either static (permanently assigned to a device) or dynamic (assigned temporarily from a pool of addresses).",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "bYb7nA-Vn9e6VtdbUT3tq": {
+    "title": "Routing",
+    "description": "In server-side game development, **routing** refers to the specification of how an application responds to a client request to a particular endpoint, which is a URI (or path) and a specific HTTP request method (GET, POST, etc.). Each route can have one or more handler functions, which are executed when the route is matched. These handler functions, often coming into play within complex multiplayer game scenarios, handle the logic needed for the route, including data transmission, game state updates, etc. The use of properly configured routes ensures the correct data is sent where it is needed, supporting seamless gameplay interactions.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "r2OeI7YC1BLLfctC8q69W": {
+    "title": "Transactions",
+    "description": "In server-side game development, **transactions** are critical elements that facilitate the exchange or interaction between different processes and data streams. These are usually carried out via a database or a server and are atomically treated as a single unit of work, ensuring data consistency and integrity. Transactions follow a specific pattern known as ACID (Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability) which makes sure that all intended operations within a transaction are successfully performed or none of them are, preventing disruptions in the event of an error or failure. It also ensures that concurrent execution of transactions results in a system state that would be achieved if transactions were executed sequentially. It's important for a server-side game developer to understand how to manage and control transactions to maintain the robustness of the game's backend system.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "JI_wUdT2hjsrvbIhLvHcT": {
+    "title": "ARP",
+    "description": "**ARP** or **Address Resolution Protocol** is a protocol used to map an IP address to a physical address on the network, such as a MAC address. A device uses ARP when it needs to forward a packet to another device on the same network but only has the IP address. ARP broadcasts a request packet to all devices on the local network to find who owns the IP address. The device with the matching IP address replies with its MAC address. ARP maintains a cache of previously resolved addresses to minimize traffic. It is an essential protocol in network communication, but it also exposes certain security vulnerabilities like ARP spoofing.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "yNytLrQAMKBw4t73YRL3J": {
+    "title": "DNS",
+    "description": "**Domain Name System (DNS)** is an internet service that translates domain names into IP addresses. The internet uses IP addresses to locate and connect different computers, but these numerical addresses can be difficult to remember or use practically. Therefore, DNS allows users to type in a domain name, such as [www.example.com](http://www.example.com), and it translates this name into the equivalent IP address, such as 192.0.2.1. It is used every time you visit a website, send an email, or connect to any service on the internet. DNS serves as the internet's phone book, ensuring that every domain name corresponds to the correct IP address.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "aTHJh-xw8soCxC1bIDdXm": {
+    "title": "DHCP",
+    "description": "DHCP, or Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol, is an internet protocol that enables automatic assignment of IP addresses to devices on a network. Its key role in network systems is to eliminate the manual task of assigning IP addresses in a large network. DHCP can be implemented in small, medium, or large networks encompassing hundreds of computers or even more. It involves a DHCP server, which is responsible for allocating IP addresses and controlling the process. This server maintains a pool of IP addresses, which it assigns to devices as they connect to the network. DHCP also handles release and renewal of these IP addresses as devices leave and rejoin the network.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "NH2eQ1_nij1icTgoO027b": {
+    "title": "Category",
+    "description": "The Internet Protocol Addresses (IP Addresses) are categorized into five different classes, namely, Class A, Class B, Class C, Class D, and Class E.\n\n**Class A** IP address is designed for large networks and ranges from 0.0.0.0 to 127.255.255.255.\n\n**Class B** IP addresses are allocated to medium-sized and large-sized networks and ranges from 128.0.0.0 to 191.255.255.255.\n\n**Class C** IP addresses are utilized for small-sized networks and ranges from 192.0.0.0 to 223.255.255.255.\n\n**Class D** IP address is designed for multicast groups and ranges from 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255.\n\nLastly, **Class E** IP address ranges from 240.0.0.0 to 255.255.255.254 and is preserved for research and development purposes.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "pHVB0K8Vtk3ToD6n_f1wv": {
+    "title": "IPv4",
+    "description": "`IPv4`, or Internet Protocol Version 4, is the fourth version of IP (Internet Protocol). It's a foundational protocol that routes most of the Internet traffic today, even with the growing reach of IPv6. `IPv4` is responsible for identifying devices on a network through an addressing system. The `IPv4` uses a 32-bit address schema allowing for a total of just over 4 billion addresses. Most importantly, `IPv4` determines how data is sent and received over network devices. This standard of `IPv4` helps to route data between networks and has been foundational in the creation of the modern Internet.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "TqBlAMfhARhlJed6xD7eg": {
+    "title": "IPv6",
+    "description": "IPv6, which stands for Internet Protocol version 6, is the most recent version of the Internet Protocol (IP), formulated to rectify the impending issue of IPv4 address exhaustion. Unlike IPv4, which uses 32-bit address, IPv6 employs a 128-bit address, enabling a massive number of unique IP addresses to exist. This augments the capacity of the internet to accommodate an array of networks and devices, serving as a sustainable solution for an ever-expanding digital world. IPv6 also provides enhanced functionalities including simplified header format, improved support for extensions and options, built-in security using IPsec, and better support for QoS (Quality of Service). In server side game development, IPv6 ensures smooth and lag-free game experiences to players by enabling direct peer-to-peer connections.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "qkO0s9zR0sAnjTRWcrLQY": {
+    "title": "Security",
+    "description": "In server-side game development, the aspect of IP (Internet Protocol) security is of paramount importance. This primarily involves ensuring the safety of online gaming interactions, protection of sensitive user data being transmitted, and thwarting possible cyber-attacks or threats. This might include mitigation strategies against DDoS (Distributed Denial of Service) attacks, which are common in multiplayer gaming environments, IP spoofing, and session hijacking. Security measures often involve developing secure server architectures, encryption of data in transit and at rest, validation and sanitization of user input, and implementing comprehensive security policies and procedures. Regular risk assessment and vulnerability scanning are also crucial for identifying and addressing potential security loopholes. Therefore, for any game developer, understanding IP security protocols and integrating them into game development processes is essential to provide users with trustworthy gaming environments.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "FX8ASd-QzTUFDHzBB93WK": {
+    "title": "TLS",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "6ilqzjvI4J1pUCmTJ33PA": {
+    "title": "Programming Languages",
+    "description": "Programming languages are an essential part of game development. They create the logic and rules for how your game operates. There are various types of programming languages that a server side game developer can use, such as C++, Python, Ruby, etc. These languages have different syntax and structures, as well as varying degrees of complexity. The complexity and capabilities can affect the game's performance, security, and even its potential compatibility with other platforms. Your choice of language often depends greatly on the specific needs of the project and your personal expertise. Picking up a new language can be time-consuming, so it's important to choose wisely. Markdown is another language that's popular for documentation due to its simplicity and readability, but it isn't typically used to code server-side game elements.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "E4H3hniIW6hKpH3Qr--N5": {
+    "title": "C/C++",
+    "description": "\"C\" and \"C++\", often written as \"C/CPP\", are two significantly prominent and similar programming languages widely used in server-side game development. \"C\" is a procedural language, which means that it follows a step-by-step procedure to solve a problem, while \"C++\" is both a procedural and object-oriented programming (OOP) language. This dual nature of \"C++\" allows it to handle more complex interrelated data and functions efficiently, which is a beneficial feature in game development. Moreover, \"C++\" is an extension of \"C\", meaning that any legal \"C\" program is also a valid \"C++\" program. Both languages offer a high degree of control over system resources and memory, making them an excellent choice for building fast and efficient server-side applications, such as multiplayer game servers.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "DuyUc9a-47Uz03yr4aeyg": {
+    "title": "C#",
+    "description": "C Sharp, usually written as C#, is a powerful, object-oriented programming language developed by Microsoft in the early 2000s. C# was designed to be a part of the .NET ecosystem and has its syntax foundations based on C and C++. Over time, C# has evolved to include several modern programming features like generics, asynchronous methods, and support for LINQ queries. Thanks to the .NET Core's cross-platform support, C# can now be used to write applications that run on Windows, Linux, and macOS. While it's widely used to create Windows desktop applications and games, it's also popular for developing web applications, server-side components, and even mobile applications via Xamarin.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "LG8JPL1po-gEs1V5JyC8F": {
+    "title": "Java",
+    "description": "Java is an object-oriented programming language that is class-based and designed to have as few implementation dependencies as possible. It was originally developed by James Gosling at Sun Microsystems and released in 1995 as a core component of Sun Microsystems' Java platform. The language's syntax has much in common with C and C++, but its object model is simpler and has less low-level facilities. Java applications are typically compiled to bytecode that can run on any Java Virtual Machine (JVM), making Java applications highly portable. Java is a general-purpose programming language and is used widely for server-side applications, particularly in high-performance environments where speed and scalability are critical.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "QGtGx5LBEWa1DD3Y7ztUy": {
+    "title": "Erlang",
+    "description": "Erlang is a functional, general-purpose concurrent programming language that supports distributed computation. It originated in the late 1980s, born from Ericson Inc., with the aim to improve the development of telephony applications. Erlang has built-in support for concurrency, distribution and fault tolerance which make it a popular choice for developing large scale, real-time systems. The language is mostly used in sectors where systems must continue to work despite errors, such as banking, eCommerce, computer telephony and instant messaging. Over the years, Erlang has been employed in blockchain development, internet of things (IoT) and online gaming programming where robust server-side development is required.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "ufufnULqsglE5VhEIAdSI": {
+    "title": "JavaScript",
+    "description": "JavaScript (often abbreviated as JS) is a high-level, interpreted programming language that conforms to the ECMAScript specification. It plays a key role in web development as it is one of the three core languages of the World Wide Web, along with HTML and CSS. In server-side game development, JavaScript can be utilized through runtime environments such as Node.js. Over the years, JavaScript has evolved to incorporate additional features, such as support for object-oriented and functional programming styles. It is dynamically-typed, and supports event-driven programming, which is especially handy in game development for handling user inputs and system events. Despite its name, JavaScript is not related to Java.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "d5iQYn97vuoxJnCFGPdOa": {
+    "title": "Go",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "HvpuFTCknHPhnFkhmhRc4": {
+    "title": "Socket Programming",
+    "description": "Socket programming is a method of communication between two computers using a network protocol, typically TCP/IP. In server-side game development, socket programming is used to facilitate real-time, bi-directional communication between the server and client(s). The server opens a socket that waits for incoming connection requests from the client side. Once a connection is established, the server and client can exchange data until the connection is closed. This facilitates live multiplayer gaming experiences, allowing users on different computers to interact within the same game environment.`socket programming` in Python, for example, includes modules for creating both the server side (`socketserver`) and client side (`socket`) of the conversation.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "H21PanCggDfQt34-JzgfO": {
+    "title": "Byte Manipulation",
+    "description": "`Byte manipulation`, in the context of socket programming, often refers to the ability to directly interact and manage bytes of data. This could involve creating, modifying, or reading individual bytes or groups of bytes. Common operations include shifting (moving bytes to the left or right), masking (using a binary AND operation to make certain bits 0), and bitwise operations (working with the individual bits within a byte). Byte manipulation commonly takes place in server side game development when dealing with network data or working with specific binary protocols. The ability to accurately manipulate bytes is an essential skill when handling and optimizing the transfer of data between a server and a client.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "SBA7pa9o0AM0ZEBepd7UM": {
+    "title": "Address Conversion",
+    "description": "In socket programming, address conversion functions are important for handling internet addresses. Functions like `inet_pton()` (presentation to network) and `inet_ntop()` (network to presentation) are frequently used. `inet_pton()` function converts an IP address in human-friendly format (IPv4 addresses in dotted-decimal notation or IPv6 addresses in hexadecimal notation) to its equivalent binary form. Conversely, `inet_ntop()` function does the reverse, i.e., it converts an IP address in binary form to human-friendly format. These functions are important tools when dealing with IP addresses in lower-level network programming.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "OAyMj6uLSv1yJ87YAjyZu": {
+    "title": "Descriptor",
+    "description": "In the context of socket programming, a **descriptor** is simply an identifier for a resource. With the use of these descriptors, socket applications can interact with system resources such as network connections, files, or data streams. For instance, in C-based languages such as C++, socket programming frequently makes use of file descriptors. These are integer values used by the operating system to identify open files and network sockets. It is crucial for a server-side game developer to understand and make efficient use of descriptors to control and manage all the network protocols, ensuring seamless game experiences.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "a2pcxVTGdAPw8aLvdr19M": {
+    "title": "API",
+    "description": "API (Application Programming Interface) is a set of rules and protocols implemented for building and integrating software applications. APIs enable two different software applications to communicate and work together. They work as a bridge connecting two software systems, enabling them to exchange information and execute functions. In the context of server-side game development and socket programming, APIs may be used to handle connection establishment, data transmission, and other necessary network communication operations. APIs can be customized or built based on standard protocols such as HTTP for web services, or TCP/UDP for lower-level socket communications.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "U_tZFM80W3xJx8jj4skCr": {
+    "title": "BSD Socket",
+    "description": "The BSD sockets API is an application programming interface (API) for network communication originally developed as part of the Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD). This API provides a set of functions for creating and manipulating network sockets in operating systems. It has been widely adopted in a variety of platforms due to its simplicity and ease of use for networking tasks. The BSD socket API supports various network protocols and is extensible to support new protocols. It allows low-level access to network services, with the facilities to manage connections, send and receive data, and handle multiple connections concurrently. The API supports both connection-oriented (TCP) and connectionless (UDP) network protocols.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "GfTXffisLyQgp66zcQ7Py": {
+    "title": "Winsock",
+    "description": "`Winsock` is an acronym for Windows Sockets API, a technical specification that defines how networking software should interact with TCP/IP network protocols, such as TCP, UDP, and ICMP, on a Windows Operating System. Essentially, Winsock provides an interface for developers to use when they need to write network applications. This API provides functionalities to create a socket, bind it to a specific address, listen to incoming connections, send and receive data, and finally, close the connection. Winsock also aids in handling network errors and exceptions. For developing multiplayer server-side games, it is useful in managing client-server communications, multiplayer logic, and real-time updates. Note that in the gaming context, the Winsock library is typically used for real-time, high-performance applications due to its low-level access to the TCP/IP stack.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "TS6dz61rUSxm-SqmK6JKe": {
+    "title": "Serialization",
+    "description": "Serialization in server-side game development is the process of transforming data objects or structures into a format that can be stored, transmitted, and reconstructed later. It's significant because it enables you to save the state of a game, pass it between servers, or send it to clients. The two main types of serialization are binary and XML/JSON. Binary serialization turns your objects into a very compact binary format. XML/JSON serialization turns your objects into a textual format, which is less efficient but more human-readable and easier to debug. Depending on your specific needs, you may choose one over the other. Note also that each of these methods has its own exacerbations in terms of compatibility, performance, and security implications.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "y0ZJQQfi8Qx6sB4WnZlP5": {
+    "title": "JSON",
+    "description": "**JSON (JavaScript Object Notation)** is a lightweight data-interchange format that is easy to read and write for humans, also easy to parse and generate for machines. JSON is a text format that is completely language independent but uses conventions familiar to programmers of the C family of languages, including C, C++, C#, Java, JavaScript, Perl, and Python. In JSON, data is organized in name-value pairs and array data types. It is commonly used for transmitting data in server to web applications and vice versa.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "v43K6srds7m5SQFqNaY0T": {
+    "title": "XML",
+    "description": "XML, or Extensible Markup Language, is a language designed to store and transport data without being dependent on a particular software or hardware. Unlike HTML which displays data and focuses on how data looks, XML works as a tool to transfer data and emphasizes on what the data is. XML data is known as self-describing or self-defining, as it has the ability to define and describe the structure and data types itself. It uses tags just like HTML, but the tags in XML are not predefined; it allows the author to define his/her own tags and document structure. XML also supports Unicode, allowing almost any information in any human language to be communicated. It adheres to a strict syntax and is both human-readable and machine-readable, making it a widely used standard in web and server-side development.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "uHcUSVLz_2-Usk6ckSvwr": {
+    "title": "YAML",
+    "description": "YAML, which stands for \"YAML Ain't Markup Language,\" is a human-readable data serialization standard that can be used in conjunction with all programming languages. It is often used to write configuration files and in applications where data is being stored or transmitted. YAML supports advanced features like referencing, merging, arrays and dictionaries. Also, it is flexible and supports various data structures like scalars, sequences, associative arrays. Though it might seem similar to JSON and XML, it focuses on data serialization rather than marking up documents, and ensures readability for humans. It uses a whitespace indentation to denote structure, which can simplify file format complexities.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "l8iEC3g0ICSfmIE1MxcUl": {
+    "title": "TOML",
+    "description": "`TOML`, which stands for Tom's Obvious, Minimal Language, is a configuration file format that is easy to read due to its straightforward and simple syntax. The language is designed to be unambiguous and lean, intending to make it easy for a machine to parse. It supports basic data types, such as Integer, String, Boolean, and Float, Date-Time, Array, and Table. Unlike other similar file formats, `TOML` provides a more structured hierarchy. You can use `TOML` for configuration, serialization, and other similar tasks in game development.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "w2zbab_6Gxw6AWS0N759U": {
+    "title": "Protobuf",
+    "description": "`Protobuf`, or Protocol Buffers, is a method developed by Google for serializing structured data. It's both language-neutral and platform-neutral. Google designed it to be smaller and faster than XML. You design your data structures in `.proto` files, then use the Protobuf compiler `protoc` to generate data access classes in your chosen language. Google provides support for several languages including: Java, C++, Python, Objective-C, and C#. Community developed support for even more languages is also available. This gives `protobuf` a great deal of versatility, making it a popular choice for data storage and communication between services.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "3QSLUMKD0G08N3MIb1cG7": {
+    "title": "Multithreading",
+    "description": "Multithreading, a specialized form of multitasking, is the ability of a central processing unit (CPU) to manage multiple executions of instructions concurrently. This essentially means that multiple threads or mini-processes are executing independently yet sharing the resources of a single CPU. In programming, threads are a way to improve the application responsiveness and perform multiple operations simultaneously without requiring multiple CPUs or computers. Threads within a process share the same data space with the main thread and can, therefore, communicate more quickly with each other than if they were separate processes. Developers often use multithreading in server-side game development to manage complex operations with high efficiency.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "idmrgKgVWVLZYANbXiZnS": {
+    "title": "Synchronization",
+    "description": "In the context of multithreading, **synchronization** is a mechanism which ensures that two or more concurrent threads don't simultaneously execute some particular program segment known as a critical section. Concurrent accesses to shared resource can lead to race conditions. Two or more operating systems' threads can access shared data simultaneously. With synchronization, you can ensure that only one thread can access the shared resource at a time, hence avoiding any data inconsistency. Different synchronization techniques such as locks, semaphores, condition variables, monitors and signaling are used to deal with synchronization situations, each with its own pros and cons.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "6k25amPkU9lnZ7FMNn_T6": {
+    "title": "Barrier",
+    "description": "`Barrier` in server-side game development refers to a type of synchronization method that can help manage multiple threads in a game's code. When a barrier point is set, all threads that reach this point are prevented from progressing until all the threads have reached this barrier. This functionality is a crucial aspect in synchronization to prevent inconsistencies and unsynchronized access to shared resources. It allows developers to ensure all processes are completed or all information is updated before moving on to the next step in the game's runtime. Barriers can be applied in various instances such as, but not limited to, game start-up, level completion, or during more complex inter-thread communications.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "lVXfA_oZr82mFfBvLnnRK": {
+    "title": "Spinlock",
+    "description": "`Spinlock` is a type of synchronization mechanism that exists in a busy-wait-state (essentially, 'spinning') until the lock can be acquired. This contrasts with other locking mechanisms that might put a thread to sleep if the desired lock is not available. It's generally used in scenarios where thread sleeping (context switching) could be costlier than spinning. However, it must be handled properly. An improperly managed spinlock can cause high CPU usage, as the wait is active; it continually consumes processing capacity. Hence, their usage is more beneficial in scenarios where the wait time to acquire a lock is reasonably short.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "G_BEJKkJ1_Nc43aosy_iS": {
+    "title": "Mutex",
+    "description": "`Mutex`, short for mutual exclusion, is a synchronization method used by developers to prevent multiple threads from concurrently accessing some shared resource or part of code. It is a locking mechanism that enforces limits to ensure that only one thread can perform certain operations at a time. If a `mutex` is locked by one thread, the other threads trying to lock it will be blocked until the owner thread unlocks it. This tool is essential especially in multi-threaded programming environments to avoid conditions like race conditions where the program's behavior may depend on the sequence of scheduling or timings of the threads.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "DYvzGc_r0SlOArPPc1gNI": {
+    "title": "Semaphore",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "zbIbPlqTNSbJUkqH9iLQv": {
+    "title": "Future & Promises",
+    "description": "`Futures and promises` or simply `Promises` in programming is a pattern used for handling asynchronous operations. A `Promise` is an object that might produce a single value or error in the future either through a non-blocking way or in an asynchronous way. A `Promise` has three states - pending, resolved (success), and rejected (error). The Promise transitions from the Pending state to either an accomplished Resolved state, or Rejected state. These status changes are irreversible, meaning once the Promise reaches either Resolved or Rejected state, it cannot transition to any other state.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "o0Y_hM0KXUApfsXG4PvOY": {
+    "title": "Coroutine",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "SXOEMkcVYBsRza6BPmmwy": {
+    "title": "Channel",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "xR6pERldq4wPl9GVLHAhT": {
+    "title": "Condition Variable",
+    "description": "A `condition variable` is an object that has the ability to block the calling thread until notified to resume. It's used in conjunction with a `mutex` (or `lock`) in the synchronization of threads. A condition variable is made up of a mutex (or lock) and a waiting queue. Typically, a condition variable is used when a thread needs to wait until a certain condition is met. The thread will lock the mutex, check the condition, and if the condition isn't met, it will enter the waiting queue and unlock the mutex. When the condition is met, another thread will notify the condition variable, prompt it to wake up a thread from the waiting queue, and relock the mutex. It's important to mention that condition variables are subject to spurious wakeups and lost wakeups, hence developers need to manage them carefully.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "IeD-oQ1bkwlKNC-R0lJjZ": {
+    "title": "Thread Local Storage",
+    "description": "`Thread Local Storage (TLS)` is a mechanism by which variables are allocated such that each thread gets its own individually allocated variable, but the name of the variable is the same in each thread. In other words, the same variable can simultaneously hold different values for different threads. TLS is required when you need to use a global or static variable in a thread-safe manner but the data must be unique to each thread. TLS can be used in many applications, but it is particularly useful for storing per-thread state in server applications.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "mW2L_9NckgPRH7g5W9NHq": {
+    "title": "Windows",
+    "description": "In the context of server-side game development, Windows operating system offers an API for Thread Local Storage (TLS). This refers to a mechanism by which variables are allocated that are unique for each thread in a program. When a thread reads from or writes to a TLS index, it is actually referencing a thread-specific memory block. This memory block is dynamically allocated from the system heap when the thread is created and subsequently freed up when the thread is terminated. This management of memory is done implicitly by the system which can reduce complexity for developers.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "HU0yUyl89WD8WnR9PJn7l": {
+    "title": "pthread",
+    "description": "`Pthread` or POSIX threads is a standard-based thread programming library for multi-threading development. It provides several functions and methods to efficiently manage multiple threads in a program enhancing concurrency and parallelism. The library enables thread creation, thread joining and cancellation, thread-specific data, and synchronization including mutex locks, read/write locks, and condition variables. Notably, Pthread is an API for C/C++ programming language providing cross-platform support for Linux, Unix, and Windows systems. It's a fundamental tool for server-side game developers to create highly responsive and concurrent applications.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "3use5vuLBJTk40wOg9S-X": {
+    "title": "Sharding",
+    "description": "Sharding is a type of database partitioning that separates very large databases into smaller, faster, more easily managed parts called data shards. The word shard means a small part of a whole. Each shard is held on a separate database server instance, to spread load and reduce the risk of a single point of failure. Sharding can be done on a horizontal or vertical basis. Horizontal Sharding, also known as data sharding, involves putting different rows onto different tables. Vertical Sharding, on the other hand, involves putting different columns onto different tables. It's possible to shard on the basis of certain columns, and databases can be sharded in many different ways. Sharding is a complex process, but proper planning can allow for increased scalability and performance improvements.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "TVJrlUsg30YIM1yjsZfJI": {
+    "title": "Fiber",
+    "description": "`Fiber` is a way to manage concurrency at a more granular level than threads. While threads represent a sequence of instructions that can run concurrently with other threads, a fiber is a unit of execution which only runs on its initiating thread. Fibers are scheduled by the application, not the operating system. They are great tools for implementing co-operative multitasking where you have many tasks that you want to have run concurrently, but you want to have explicit control on when they are switched in and out. For server-side game development, fibres can be particularly useful in dealing with multiple user requests, where each request might have its own fiber.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "tGQu18PWDatW7HvkTP-uh": {
+    "title": "Programming Techniques",
+    "description": "Programming techniques are methods that are used to write series of instructions (code) that a computer can interpret and execute. There are many ways one can write code, unique to both the individual and the programming language they are using. Techniques such as Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) involve the use of encapsulated objects and inheritance. Functional Programming focuses on mathematical functions, avoiding changes in state and mutable data. Procedural Programming focuses on the process of executing predefined steps of functions to achieve the end result, while Event-Driven programming primarily acts upon user interactions, like mouse clicks or key presses. You can choose one technique depending on the game development requirements, the development team's competence, and preference.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "gB-TYpgUDV47bxznNJhYn": {
+    "title": "Design Patterns",
+    "description": "Design Patterns represent best practices developed by experienced software engineers. They are reusable solutions to common problems that occur in software design and fulfill the requirement to decouple the system as much as possible. Design patterns categorize into Creational, Structural, and Behavioural types. Creational type includes patterns like Singleton, Prototype and Factory; Structural includes Adapter, Composite, and Proxy; Behavioural includes Observer, Strategy, Template, and Visitor. Every design pattern has its own particular structure defined that programmers can follow to solve a particular design problem in your programming code.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "FKOhe21PVlaKIoZI4hd49": {
+    "title": "TDD",
+    "description": "`Test Driven Development (TDD)` is a development strategy in which developers write tests before writing the bare minimum of code required for the test to be passed. The process involves three stages: red, green, and refactor. In the red phase, a test is written which initially fails (since the code it's testing doesn't exist yet). In the green phase, the minimal amount of code to make the test pass is created. Lastly, in the refactor phase, the written code is improved without affecting its behavior. The process is often visualized as a cycle: \"Red - Green - Refactor\". This repeating process allows for smaller, more defined feature development, reduces bug emergence, and encourages simple design. TDD is primarily used in agile development environments.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "uTlxyDOtvt_Qp0gXLWO-j": {
+    "title": "Dependency Injection",
+    "description": "`Dependency Injection` (DI) is a programming technique that makes a class independent of its dependencies. This is achieved by decoupling the use of an object from its creation. In this technique, instead of a class creating an object itself, an object is supplied or \"injected\" to the class by an external entity. The actual creation and binding of dependencies are managed by a 'container', which injects the dependencies into the respective classes. Dependency Injection can be done in three ways: Constructor Injection, Setter Injection, and Interface Injection. Each of these methods involves moving the responsibility of the object creation and binding to another class or method.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "1c6EqGv1g-d8M1i0vKImb": {
+    "title": "Dump Analysis",
+    "description": "**Dump Analysis** is a highly useful technique in server-side game development, primarily used for debugging and troubleshooting. It involves studying the 'dump' or all the information within a system when a program crashes or fails. This dump typically includes the system's memory, the active processes, thread stacks, and more. By analyzing this data, developers can get an insight into what caused the failure. Dump analysis can be manual, using debuggers like WinDbg, lldb, gdb, or automated with tools such as Microsoft's Automatic Debugging Tool (ADPlus) and DebugDiag. Note that the complexity of dump analysis can vary depending on the nature of the program crash or the size of the dump.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "HXSWvhgT4L5w6xgOO-3kj": {
+    "title": "Functional Programming",
+    "description": "`Functional programming` is a programming paradigm that treats computation as the evaluation of mathematical functions and avoids changing-state and mutable data. In functional programming, functions are first-class citizens. This means that functions can be passed as arguments to other functions, returned as values from other functions, and assigned to variables. Examples of functional programming languages include Haskell, Lisp, and Scala. At the heart of functional programming are the concepts of immutability and pure functions. A pure function is a function that provides the same output for the same input and has no side effects. Immutability avoids changes to variables or objects once they've been created, which makes functional programs easier to debug and test.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "FLFaGZDg2MSG6_YHnWETM": {
+    "title": "Databases",
+    "description": "Databases are structured sets of data. In terms of server-side game development, databases are extremely vital. They store information like user profiles, game states, rankings, and so much more. You have various types of databases to choose from such as relational databases (MySQL, PostgreSQL), NoSQL databases (MongoDB, Cassandra), and in-memory databases (Redis, Memcached). These databases have their own primary language for interaction, like SQL for relational databases. Most importantly, as a game developer, one needs to plan database schemas wisely to ensure efficient data retrieval and storage. Knowledge of indexing and a solid understanding of ACID (Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability) properties assists in developing robust game backends.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "QMNUAKAuRI9lyf2_jUPsj": {
+    "title": "MS SQL",
+    "description": "Microsoft SQL Server (MSSQL) is a relational database management system (RDBMS) developed by Microsoft. MSSQL provides an environment used to generate databases that can be accessed from workstations, the internet, or other media such as a personal digital assistant (PDA). Basically, MSSQL is a server-based SQL repository that provides back-end storage for applications. It supports a wide variety of transaction processing, business intelligence and analytics applications in corporate IT environments. MSSQL has various editions with different features to fulfill users' requirements, ranging from a free edition, Express, to the comprehensive Enterprise edition.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "HsBqd08Ro0VJnx0FlumMQ": {
+    "title": "MySQL",
+    "description": "MySQL is an open-source relational database management system (RDBMS) that uses SQL (Structured Query Language) to interact with data. It is developed, marketed, and supported by MySQL AB, a Swedish company, and is written in C and C++. Since it's open-source, you can use MySQL completely free of charge. MySQL is primarily used for online transactions and for consolidating data. You can install it on various platforms like Linux, Windows, macOS and so on. With its comprehensive set of features like support for full-text search, cursors, triggers, stored procedures, it is powerful enough to manage even very large sets of data, making it suitable for a vast range of applications, whether they be web-based or embedded.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "dAiEwN7phwMyaitvM5kRl": {
+    "title": "PostgreSQL",
+    "description": "**PostgreSQL** is a powerful, open-source object-relational database system. It extends the SQL language combined with many features that safely store and scale the most complicated data workloads. The origins of PostgreSQL date back to 1986 as part of the POSTGRES project at the University of California at Berkeley. It has earned a strong reputation for its proven architecture, reliability, data integrity, robust feature set, extensibility, and the dedication of the open-source community behind the software to consistently deliver performant and innovative solutions. PostgreSQL runs on all major operating systems and has been ACID-compliant since 2001. It has powerful add-ons like the popular PostGIS geospatial database extender. It can handle ranges, array types and has extensive capabilities for developing at scale.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "9vc7sFE_XakYXtKRMxLXi": {
+    "title": "DynamoDB",
+    "description": "DynamoDB is a NoSQL database service provided by Amazon that delivers reliable performance at any scale. It's a fully managed, multiregion, multimaster database that offers built-in security, backup and restore, and in-memory caching. It's meant to support applications with large scale, low latency requirements. Developers can create database tables that can store and fetch any amount of data and can serve traffic from a few requests per month to millions of requests per second. As a part of AWS, DynamoDB integrates well with other AWS services and provides developers with high availability across multiple geographical regions.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "HYxtPW401-J6aYcTuiGnx": {
+    "title": "MongoDB",
+    "description": "MongoDB is a source-available NoSQL database program that uses a document-oriented database model. This model supports a variety of data types and enables you to store them in one place. MongoDB uses JSON-like documents coupled with optional schemas. What distinctly characterizes MongoDB is its scalability and flexibility that allow schemas to evolve with business needs. It can run over multiple servers, the data is duplicated to facilitate keeping the system up and the data available. Also, MongoDB supports rich queries through its powerful querying and aggregation tools. These capabilities encourage fast development and iterations. However, bear in mind that like any database, MongoDB is not a one-size-fit-all solution and understanding its best use cases is crucial for maximizing its benefits.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "1jqSxk1nwByiQa1De81F3": {
+    "title": "Cassandra",
+    "description": "Apache Cassandra is an open-source, distributed NoSQL database system that is designed to manage large volumes of data across a wide range of servers. It provides high availability with no single point of failure. Cassandra is often used for applications where data is distributed across multiple locations as it has superior replication mechanisms. It utilizes a peer-to-peer architecture, as opposed to master-slaves, which allows for continuous availability and scalability. Cassandra also provides robust support for clusters spanning multiple datacenters, with asynchronous masterless replication allowing low latency operations for all clients.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "6KTj_giX2k9l2lPd_Fp-d": {
+    "title": "Couchbase",
+    "description": "Couchbase is a NoSQL database technology that provides flexible data models suitable for server-side game development. It provides high-performance and easy scalability, offering a comprehensive platform for managing, manipulating and optimizing data in real-time. The technology behind Couchbase combines the powerful performance of key-value stores with the flexible querying capabilities of SQL-like querying systems. This makes it particularly valuable in gaming environments where performance and flexibility are crucial. Moreover, Couchbase also provides document database capabilities, allowing for complex documents to be stored in a format that can be easily manipulated for individual needs. With its high performance, flexible querying, and document database capabilities, Couchbase is a powerful tool for server-side game developers, and mastering it can significantly enhance your development capabilities.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "7YNaELVcoV7DV1Fa06USi": {
+    "title": "Redis",
+    "description": "`Redis` is an open-source, in-memory data structure store that can be used as a database, a cache, and a message broker. It provides support for various data structures such as strings, hashes, lists, sets, sorted sets with range queries, bitmaps, and more. Redis also allows atomic operations like appending to a string; increasing and decreasing hash, array and sorted sets values; computing set intersection, union and difference; and much more. An interesting feature of Redis is its ability to create transactions and also publish and subscribe to channels. It is a great choice for high-performance software like games because of its versatile nature and efficient performance.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "ayeezKxQkXAPJMTShsOBU": {
+    "title": "Memcached",
+    "description": "`Memcached` is a high-performance, distributed memory object caching system that is generic in nature, but intended for use in speeding up dynamic web applications by alleviating database loads. It does this by storing data and objects in dynamic memory to reduce the frequency with which an external data source must be read. `Memcached` is fundamentally a key-value store that operates over the network. It uses a client–server architecture where the servers maintain a common view of the data set. The clients are responsible for partitioning data and determining to which servers data items are to be written or from which servers they are to be read.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "OyxWMFy8s7Lxko_K89fjo": {
+    "title": "ORM",
+    "description": "ORM stands for Object-Relational Mapping. In server-side game development, ORM is a technique that lets you interact with your database, like you would with SQL. In other words, on the server side, you create classes in your programming language (e.g., Python, JavaScript, etc.) that map to the tables in the database. Each instance of a class represents a row in the respective table. ORM libraries and tools provide methods to perform CRUD (Create, Retrieve, Update, Delete) operations without having to write raw SQL statements. Popular examples of ORM tools include Sequelize for JavaScript, SQLAlchemy for Python, and Hibernate for Java.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "dt_SmZuwklLimhupvjxC1": {
+    "title": "DAL",
+    "description": "The term **DAL** stands for **Data Access Layer**. It represents a layer of an application that simplifies the interaction with the persistent storage of data. Typically, the DAL is implemented in a separate module, package, or library in your application that directly communicates with the database, thereby enabling the application services and modules to invoke a simple API for CRUD operations (Create, retrieve, update, and delete database entries) and database transactions. The DAL helps maintain the application’s database schema and manage connections to the database. Popular libraries and frameworks like SQLAlchemy for Python, Sequelize for Node.js, and Hibernate for Java among others provide a robust DAL implementation. These tools abstract the lower-level details of the data source into a higher-level programming interface.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "1788KFqsQBkYARqA0T5GX": {
+    "title": "Cipher",
+    "description": "**Cipher** is a vital component in the field of cryptography and is used to encrypt and decrypt information. It is essentially a series of well-defined steps or algorithms followed to convert sensitive information or data into a form that appears to be random and meaningless. This transformed information can only be turned back into its original form with a specific decryption key. Based on their methodology, ciphers are broadly classified into two categories: block ciphers and stream ciphers. Block ciphers work on a chunk of data at once, whereas stream ciphers work on a individual bits or bytes. Examples of ciphers include: Caesar Cipher, Monoalphabetic Cipher, and Vigenere Cipher among others. Usage of ciphers enhances the security in server-side game development by ensuring that player data remains confidential and is not subjected to unauthorized access or manipulation.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "PSvPjaVtko71BeIA-hYqf": {
+    "title": "SSL",
+    "description": "Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) is a security protocol which provides encrypted communication between a web browser and a web server. This protocol operates via a process where the SSL certificate, held by the web server, creates two cryptographic keys - a Public Key and a Private Key. The public key is placed into a Certificate Signing Request (CSR) - a file also containing detailed information about the web server and your organization. A certificate authority then validates these details and issue an SSL certificate for your web server. This SSL certificate contains the new, unique public key for your web's session data. When a browser connects to this web server and the SSL handshake is complete, an encrypted SSL session is established via the protocols of symmetric cryptography. It's noteworthy to mention that even though SSL has been succeeded by Transport Layer Security (TLS), people still refer to these certificates as SSL.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "YxaroYL_Az0vKRCeu2jsp": {
+    "title": "RPC / REST",
+    "description": "RPC (Remote Procedure Call) and REST (Representational State Transfer) are two different approaches to client-server communication. RPC is a procedure-oriented service, where the client sends a request to the server invoking a specific procedure along with the parameters it needs to execute. The server-side program then processes these inputs and returns the result back to the client. On the other hand, REST is a resource-oriented architecture, leveraging standard HTTP methods like GET, POST, PUT, DELETE to perform operations. In REST, every single information or service is considered as a \"resource\".\n\nIn the context of game development, both RPC and REST can be used depending on the specific needs of the game and the underlying architecture that supports it. Both of them offer unique characteristics that make them suitable for different aspects or modules inside a game like character control, game state management, real-time networking, etc. While RPC might be more suited for real-time, fast communication, REST can be leveraged for independent, scalable, and stateless nature of its design.\n\nIn sum, RPC and REST terms come up frequently in server-side game development due to their importance in determining how your game will communicate between its different parts, especially in multiplayer environments. It is crucial to make the appropriate choice based on your game's requirements and desired user experience.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "Oq3GQ5gBUxIl1Qe8NB3LB": {
+    "title": "REST",
+    "description": "REST or Representational State Transfer is an architectural style used in web development. REST systems interact through standard operations on web resource's identified through URIs. It utilizes a stateless, client-server, cacheable communication protocol -- virtually always HTTP. In REST architecture, a client sends a request to the server in order to retrieve or modify data. This data can be identified by a URI and has a specific media type (JSON, XML etc). A key feature of REST is that it's stateless, meaning the server does not keep any data between two requests. While the client holds session state. REST is often used in mobile applications, social networking websites, and automated business processes.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "_uqTTBUYAzDHbEUkDzmzg": {
+    "title": "gRPC",
+    "description": "`gRPC` (Google Remote Procedure Call) is a high-performance, open-source universal RPC framework designed by Google. The gRPC framework supports a wide range of languages, and it is based on the proto3 protocol buffer (protobuf) language. It uses Protocol Buffers as the interface definition language for defining the method parameters service and return types. gRPC is designed to work over a variety of different pluggable transports and also supports load balancing, tracing, health checking and authentication. It's functionality is particularly suited for point-to-point services within a microservice architecture.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "cw7WdFfL5HpeZ_n8wYk2t": {
+    "title": "Message Queues",
+    "description": "Message queues are a fundamental element of server-side game development, primarily used for communication and data exchange between different processes, threads, or microservices. A message queue operates on the principle of first-in, first-out (FIFO). In the typical process, a sender submits messages to the queue, and receivers extract messages from the queue. This mechanism ensures seamless coordination between different parts of a system performing at different speeds and allows asynchronous information exchange. Features such as persistence, delivery acknowledgement, prioritization, and scheduling are commonly associated with message queues. Different technologies support message queues including RabbitMQ, Apache Kafka, and AWS SQS among others. The choice of the appropriate message queue technology can depend on specific requirements, such as the relevant programming language and the expected size and rate of message traffic.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "gL7hubTh3qiMyUWeAZNwI": {
+    "title": "Apache Kafka",
+    "description": "Apache Kafka is an open-source stream-processing software platform developed by LinkedIn and donated to the Apache Software Foundation. It is written in Scala and Java and operates based on a message queue, designed to handle real-time data feeds. Kafka functions as a kind of message broker service in between the data producers and the consumers, facilitating efficient transmission of data. It can be viewed as a durable message broker where applications can process and reprocess streamed data. Kafka is a highly scalable and fault-tolerant system which ensures data delivery without loss.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "UESjGrFyUbNf4pQamaBoy": {
+    "title": "RabbitMQ",
+    "description": "RabbitMQ is an open-source message broker software that implements the Advanced Message Queuing Protocol (AMQP). It's designed to offer a common platform for passing messages between different parts of a system or between separate systems. RabbitMQ allows these parts to speak and understand each other even if they’re written in different programming languages or implemented on different platforms. RabbitMQ is not just limited to AMQP protocol but supports a variety of different messaging protocols including MQTT, STOMP, and more. Also, RabbitMQ is language agnostic, meaning it can be used with almost any programming language. In addition, it comes with a web user interface for managing and monitoring your RabbitMQ server. It's widely used in production systems around the world and can support large scale distributed systems as it supports clustering and fail-over.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "_jd91rrAXGbJI9RhXlSx8": {
+    "title": "Multithreading",
+    "description": "`Multithreading 2` in game development usually refers to an advanced level of understanding, managing, and implementing multithreaded programming. At this stage, developers are expected to manage inter-thread communications and synchronization effectively. This includes mastering the use of mutexes, locks, semaphores, and condition variables. This level extends to the fine-tuning of performance and resolving complex issues such as race conditions, deadlocks, and starvation. Furthermore, it could cover advanced topics like thread-pools and executing modern multithreaded game architectures efficiently and safely. In multithreading 2, developers learn to leverage more concurrent computing power, thus making the server more performant and responsive.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "KUQEgHldZPOLwFoXqQ2vM": {
+    "title": "Actor Model",
+    "description": "The **Actor Model** is a conceptual model to deal with concurrent computation. It defines some general rules for how the system's components should behave and interact with each other. In the Actor Model, each object (actor) has its own private state and communication with other actors is done by exchanging messages. Actors read messages from a personal mailbox and may change their own inner state, create more actors, or send messages to other actors. The Actor Model makes it easier for developers to write concurrent and distributed systems by providing high-level abstractions over low-level threading details.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "SsOz9Pj6Jc_55PgpmziL6": {
+    "title": "Akk.net (C#)",
+    "description": "\"[Akka.NET](http://Akka.NET)\" is a toolkit and a runtime for designing concurrent and distributed applications. This technology is directly inspired by the Actor Model concept, implementing its principles to create robust and highly functional server-side applications. [Akka.NET](http://Akka.NET) allows developers to create systems that are capable of handling millions of messages in a concurrent manner while maintaining high performance. It supports actor-based concurrency, network and cloud distribution, and powerful event sourcing techniques. Building systems with [Akka.NET](http://Akka.NET) involve not only working with primary actors but also working with different types, including the likes of Persistent actors, FSM (Finite State Machine) actors and more. Please remember, [Akka.NET](http://Akka.NET) is a part of the broader Akka toolkit, which also includes libraries for Java and Scala.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "eAEpEUVZcSKO9uCIlMN5y": {
+    "title": "Akka (Java)",
+    "description": "Akka is an open-source toolkit and runtime simplifying the construction of concurrent and distributed applications on the JVM. It implements the Actor Model for handling concurrency, allowing developers to create systems that can handle high volumes of transactions in a distributed environment. Yet, Akka is not only about Actors, it features other tools for building reactive applications, including Event Sourcing, CQRS, Cluster Sharding, and Distributed Data. Written in Scala and providing APIs in both Scala and Java, Akka powers numerous business-critical systems in sectors such as finance, tech, streaming, and others.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "ThBxS9xIMt9OrXfnto3rW": {
+    "title": "Asynchronous",
+    "description": "**Asynchronous programming** is a programming paradigm where the execution of functions or routines does not wait for the activities within them to complete before moving on to subsequent ones. This allows for tasks to be processed independently, making the most of system resources. When a function contains an operation such as I/O, database access, or network communication, which may take a long time to complete, this function is wrapped into a future or promise and sent for execution. Meanwhile, the core program continues to run. When the wrapped function gets executed, a callback function is used to notify that the computation or I/O is complete. This forms the core of non-blocking or asynchronous execution. It is widely used in server-side programming, game development, and any scenario where I/O latency or user experience is a concern. Notably, it is at the core of Node.js and many modern web frameworks.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "7mYpgn2gr-5vAYW-UR7_x": {
+    "title": "Reactor",
+    "description": "The **Reactor** is a design pattern that deals with synchronous I/O multiplexing. It is a part of the server side game development concept where it mainly handles service requests delivered concurrently to an application by one or more clients. The reactor allows multiple requests to be managed efficiently by the resources of a single thread. It uses an event loop and callbacks to control and manage all the different I/O streams. Often, Reactor is combined with the Proactor pattern to achieve concurrency and efficiency in utilizing system resources.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "5-5toy2CblZPCV9d5QPEo": {
+    "title": "select",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "D9Yeyn8phDhB1ohMWccgr": {
+    "title": "WSA Poll",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "qaWv4gxnnj3uX8lEm9KQ4": {
+    "title": "epoll",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "caK32NMMrn-3BGAXZoPPr": {
+    "title": "kqueue",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "Tvxe2NemcH21y-eB4bosv": {
+    "title": "Proactor",
+    "description": "The **Proactor** pattern is an event-driven application design pattern used in asynchronous programming, and is a variant of the Reactor Pattern, but with an important distinction in terms of control flow handling. Instead of the application explicitly triggering and managing operations, this responsibility is delegated to the asynchronous operation processor, also known as the proactor. The proactor initiates an asynchronous operation, and once the operation is complete, it determines the appropriate service to dispatch the completion event to. In other words, proactors are responsible for initiating asynchronous operations, while completion handlers are responsible for dictating what happens next, after the operations complete.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "7pgdOZomhGilBTwfJLMbm": {
+    "title": "IOCP",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "YH7u1FKh85wz78J0stuzS": {
+    "title": "io_uring",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "94hJX1iGifDzIuaU3zU5j": {
+    "title": "Registered IO",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "LKPcEeqBOPhQOztD3cM3T": {
+    "title": "Task-Based",
+    "description": "Task-based multithreading refers to a model where tasks are the units of work abstracted from threads. In this model, application logic is divided into smaller tasks, each capable of running independent of the others. The tasks are then executed by a pool of threads, managed by a scheduler. Unlike traditional thread-centric models where each thread performs a specific task, task-based multithreading allows for greater flexibility by decoupling the tasks from the threads and letting the system dynamically assign tasks to idle threads. With task-based multithreading, developers no longer need to manually manage threading details like creation, control, synchronization, and termination, hence enabling more focus on the development of the game logic.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "f-L_eaZd0EjBW9-n9Pllt": {
+    "title": "goroutine (Go)",
+    "description": "`Goroutine` is a lightweight thread managed by the Go runtime. They are functions or methods that run concurrently with other functions or methods in the Go programming language. Goroutines are cheaper than threads as they use less memory, and their creation and destruction are more efficient in terms of performance. Unlike threads in other languages, the Go runtime manages the scheduling of Goroutines, taking a lot of the complexities away from the developer. Goroutines are one of the unique features of Go, making it an excellent choice for concurrent programming, especially useful in server-side game development.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "RT9XvlxvIM_hHTtNmbva3": {
+    "title": "Concurrency (Java)",
+    "description": "Concurrency is a property of systems that allows multiple tasks to run in an overlapped or simultaneous manner. This is widely used in server side game development where it is common to have multiple players interfacing with the system at the same time. It is essential to keep the system responsive and efficient under high load. Concurrency is often achieved through multithreading or asynchronous programming. Multithreading involves multiple threads of execution within a single program, with each thread running on a separate processor core. Asynchronous programming, on the other hand, achieves concurrency by allowing tasks to progress without waiting for other tasks to complete. This can be particularly useful in situations where tasks involve I/O operations or network requests, which can take a significant amount of time to complete, and would otherwise block the execution of other tasks.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "mAXMpUDmhGOncnCRrENJv": {
+    "title": "Asnc-await (C#)",
+    "description": "`Async/await` are extensions of Promises in JavaScript that allow for handling asynchronous code in a more synchronous manner. Using `async` keyword before a function, means the function returns a Promise. On the other hand, `await` keyword is used to pause async function execution until a Promise is resolved or rejected, and to resume execution of the async function after fulfillments. Before the `await` keyword, the Promise resolves to the actual value. Notably, `await` only works within async function block.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "tiG0mZpLJ2zUr2IPYyhnv": {
+    "title": "Thread Building Block (C++)",
+    "description": "The **Thread Building Blocks** (TBB) is an open-source C++ library developed by Intel. It is designed to take advantage of multi-core processors by simplifying the process of deploying parallel tasks. Using TBB, you can easily break down your tasks into smaller sub-tasks that can be processed in parallel, improving the speed and efficiency of your game server. TBB encompasses generic parallel algorithms, concurrent containers, a scalable memory allocator, work-stealing task scheduler, and low-level synchronization primitives. However, it's not a library for threading as POSIX or Win32 threads, rather, it's a higher-level, task-based parallelism that abstracts platform details and threading mechanism for performance and scalability.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "Vl-WW0LThrQTOO_tFl51B": {
+    "title": "Reactive Approach",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "yWj70LpF4LKB8J6GbYvsq": {
+    "title": "OORP",
+    "description": "**Object-Oriented Reactive Programming (OORP)** is a programming paradigm that combines object-oriented programming (OOP) and reactive programming. In OORP, developers design the system in terms of objects that communicate with each other through messages. These messages trigger functions or \"reactions\" in the receiving objects, hence the term \"reactive\". Each object in OORP encapsulates state and behavior, follows inheritance, and promotes data abstraction, similar to traditional OOP. However, OORP operates in a more event-driven manner, responding to external events, changes, or transactions that occur over time or in response to other objects.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "xDYOvIbXc-iJ2zOKqe0YL": {
+    "title": "FRP",
+    "description": "`Functional Reactive Programming (FRP)` is an approach to programming that combines functional and reactive concepts, mainly used in front-end and server-side development especially in games. FRP helps to deal with dependent changes, effectively handling 'time-varying values'. It is the elegant solution to describe systems where the current state depends on the future or the past state in a clear and efficient way. Its major concepts include streams (sequences of events over time), observers (consumers of values from a stream), and observables (producers of values), which are the heart of the FRP system. Through these characteristics, it manages data flows and propagation of change making software logic more readable and easier to understand.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "p0P3ZGq_QTCop0vMwe7P3": {
+    "title": "Reactive Model",
+    "description": "The Reactive Model is an approach in server-side game development that positions the server as a responder to requests made by the client. In this model, the server is not running its own threads, but simply reacting to incoming requests from clients. It focuses on asynchronous I/O operations, meaning that the system doesn't stall or wait for data to be written or read. When the client sends a request, the server reacts by performing a specific action, like accepting a network connection or reading data. It is built around the idea of event-driven programming, where logic is coded against events, ideally resulting in highly scalable systems. It's often used in conjunction with non-blocking I/O models, such as Node.js or other event-driven architectures.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "l5QTk408Ubagw8XzRAfoZ": {
+    "title": "Synchrony",
+    "description": "In a reactive paradigm, \"synchrony\" is a key concept related to data management and interactions among multiple components in a server-side game development context. It refers to the idea that operations or processes are executed 'in sync', meaning that the next operation starts strictly after the previous operation has already finished. In a synchronous communication, for instance, the sender can't start a new communication until the receiver confirmed receiving the last parcel. It's different from \"asynchrony\" where various operations can run concurrently, not waiting for previous operations to finish before moving on. Overall, understanding the concepts of synchrony and asynchrony are crucial for making efficient use of resources in server-side game development, and picking the right approach depends on the specific use case and requirements.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "zFx1jjt1hKgCpYHFTzbZZ": {
+    "title": "Determinism",
+    "description": "\"Determinism\" in the context of server side game development is a principle that highlights predictability and consistency in the system's output given specific and consistent inputs. It implies that a system will always produce the same outcome if the initial conditions and the sequence of events leading up to the outcome are identical. Determinism is incredibly important and beneficial in multi-player gaming situations like MMORPGs where synchronized and equal gameplay across all user instances is key. This level of predictability helps in offering a fair play environment to all players and in ease of debugging and replaying certain sequences for the developers.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "3Eat22rFjUl4eTtGz8u4N": {
+    "title": "Update Process",
+    "description": "In the reactive model, the client sends requests to the server, which then processes the request and sends back a response. This model is called 'reactive' because the server only acts or 'reacts' when it receives a request from the client. The \"update process\" plays a vital role in this model. It's the server's responsibility to keep the game world updated and synchronized among all players. This updating process is typically done in a loop that processes all the changes that happen in the game like players’ actions, NPC movements, in-game events or game physics. It updates the game world and informs the players about the changes. Also, if a player makes changes like moving a character or attacking an enemy, it sends this information to the server adding it to the update loop. The frequency of this updating process is often referred to as 'tick rate'.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "LVwGXmZhMewGQy61qwNyu": {
+    "title": "Reactive Approach",
+    "description": "In the realm of server-side game development, the reactive approach is an important element when dealing with multithreading. This approach is based on the concept of reacting to changes or events happening in the system rather than calling methods or running operations continuously. It incorporates observables, which are objects that represent a stream of data or a series of events, and observers, which are methods that respond to the events or changes in these observables. Reactive programming is based on the observer pattern and is designed to handle asynchronous data calls and events efficiently. This pattern is particularly relevant in situations with a large amount of data, high level of complexity, or stringent real-time requirements. With this approach, it is also simpler to handle concurrency and to write programs that are efficient, clean, and less prone to errors and callback pyramids.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "hhtqvFfTCuVPT0OPu4Y1a": {
+    "title": "Cloud",
+    "description": "The **cloud** refers to servers that are accessed over the Internet, and the software and databases that run on those servers. By using cloud technology, data can be accessed from anywhere via the Internet, rather than from a local server or a personal computer. Cloud services are typically provided by different companies, such as Google, Amazon, and Microsoft. There are three main types of cloud computing: Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS) and Software as a Service (SaaS). Examples of the cloud in gaming include multiplayer online games, game streaming and digital distribution platforms. The cloud is also used in game development for testing, development, and distribution of games.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "73uoFNGcCALxIuRNbebav": {
+    "title": "Azure",
+    "description": "Azure is Microsoft's public cloud computing platform. Azure provides a broad spectrum of cloud services, including those for analytics, storage, and networking. As a server-side game developer, you can use these functionalities to build, deploy, and manage applications and services through Microsoft-managed data centers. Furthermore, Azure supports a wide range of tools and frameworks, including both Microsoft-specific and third-party software. It also offers 4 different forms of cloud computing: infrastructure as a service (IaaS), platform as a service (PaaS), software as a service (SaaS), and serverless. Each allows developers to choose the level of control and complexity they wish to maintain over their application and infrastructure.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "wD6dUrS-tP2gpCHPghFp5": {
+    "title": "GCP",
+    "description": "**Google Cloud Platform (GCP)** is a suite of public cloud computing services offered by Google. It provides a range of services including compute, storage, networking, Big Data, machine learning, and the internet of things (IoT), plus cloud management, security, and developer tools. The core cloud computing products in GCP consist of Google Compute Engine, Google App Engine, Google Container Engine, Google Cloud Storage, and Google Cloud SQL. Google also offers cloud services for source code management, load balancing, security and privacy, and more. The architecture of GCP is built on the same infrastructure that Google uses for its global products such as YouTube, Google Search, and Google Maps.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "Rkx2A6oWsddlCTseZlpRU": {
+    "title": "AWS",
+    "description": "**Amazon Web Services (AWS)** is a secure cloud services platform offered by Amazon. It provides a broad set of infrastructure services, such as computing power, storage options, networking and databases, delivered on-demand with pay-as-you-go pricing. AWS services assist server side game developers in many tasks such as storing player data, syncing games across devices, and even hosting multiplayer game servers. These services help developers scale their games to a world-wide audience without the need for up-front investments in costly hardware and infrastructure. A popular choice for start-ups and large game development companies alike, AWS has an extensive, feature-rich set of tools that allow developers to deploy, monitor and scale applications quickly.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "DOmbRRK_RRPElOuTB7AAK": {
+    "title": "Serverless",
+    "description": "**Serverless** is a cloud architecture model where the application developers don't have to provision, scale, and manage servers or runtimes, to build their applications. The name serverless comes from the idea that the tasks traditionally performed by a server are handled elsewhere, abstracting the responsibility of managing servers away from the developer. Developers can write and deploy code without worrying about the underlying infrastructure. A serverless model uses backends as a service (BaaS) and functions as a service (FaaS), providing automatic scaling, patching, and capacity provisioning. Popular examples of serverless providers are AWS Lambda, Google Cloud Functions, and Azure Functions.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "XCJvgUSS7-oDR-XGdDY33": {
+    "title": "Data Clustering",
+    "description": "`Data Clustering` refers to the process of segregating data into various groups or clusters. These organized subsets of data, or clusters, contain similar data points that exhibit common traits, attributes, or characteristics. Clustering is essentially a type of unsupervised machine learning where the data is unlabeled, and the algorithm identifies similarities to group them together. There are several methods used for data clustering including partitioning methods like K-means, hierarchical methods, density-based methods like DBSCAN, and grid-based methods. These methods differ based on how they form the clusters and the types of data they work best with. Data clustering aids in the organization of large amounts of data, making it easier for developers to handle, understand, and utilize in game development.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "yrWiWJMSyTWxDakJbqacu": {
+    "title": "Apache Spark",
+    "description": "Apache Spark is an open-source, distributed computing system used for big data processing and analytics. It offers an interface for programming entire clusters with impeccable data parallelism and fault tolerance. With its high-level APIs in Java, Scala, Python and R, it provides a framework for distributed task dispatching, scheduling and basic I/O functionalities. Notable modules include SQL and DataFrames, MLlib for machine learning, GraphX for graph processing, and Structured Streaming for incremental computation and stream processing. Apache Spark can run standalone, on Hadoop, or in the cloud, and is capable of accessing diverse data sources such as HDFS, Apache Cassandra, Apache HBase, and Amazon S3.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "k3FJY26SVxdZx4MLLE25h": {
+    "title": "Containerization",
+    "description": "Containerization in game development refers to the usage of software like Docker, Kubernetes, or similar tools to encapsulate the game's server-side functionality into a single, deployable package. These units, known as containers, include everything the software needs to run, such as libraries, system tools, code, and runtime. Containers are platform-agnostic, meaning they can work across different operating environments in the same way. This enables developers to create a consistent experience, reduce the risk of software conflicts, and facilitate easier updates and deployment of their games. Unlike Virtual Machines (VMs), containers do not include whole operating systems, which makes them more lightweight and efficient to run. Developers can run multiple containers on the same machine, each handling different aspects of the server-side functionality. Containers can also communicate with each other, enabling more efficient use of resources.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "zW_7VLeEHQp8fp_f5N__0": {
+    "title": "Docker",
+    "description": "\"Docker\" is an open-source platform that allows developers to automate the deployment, scaling, and management of applications. It uses containerization technologies to wrap up an application with its runtime environment into a container, which can then be run on almost any operating system. Docker containers are lightweight and fast because they do not need the extra load of a hypervisor, but run directly within the host machine's kernel. Additionally, Docker ensures that the application runs seamlessly in any environment by bundling its own software, libraries and system tools. Docker really simplifies the process of managing and deploying services in a distributed environment and breaking down tasks into separate services.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "yAf7VDX7dyaT5AdlNnuKD": {
+    "title": "Docker Compose",
+    "description": "`Docker Compose` is a tool that allows you to define and manage multiple containers as a single entity. The containers are defined in a `docker-compose.yml` file using a YAML format. This tool is primarily focused on the runtime aspects of your application such as service definitions, configuration, and connections. With `Docker Compose`, you can start, stop, and manage the entire stack of services with a single command. This makes it a very powerful tool for managing multi-container applications. It is also a good method to define a local development environment that mimics your production environment.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "lUBUUoETjfADmM4OPtwwX": {
+    "title": "Kubernetes",
+    "description": "Kubernetes, often referred to as K8s, is an open-source platform designed to automate deploying, scaling, and operating application containers. It organizes containers into clusters to provide a flexible, powerful foundation for distributed systems. The platform was originally developed by Google, drawing on their long experience with managing containerized applications. It groups an application's containers into logical units for easy management and discovery. Kubernetes offers features like automatic bin packing, horizontal scaling, automated rollouts and rollbacks, and storage orchestration, among many others. It supports a variety of underlying infrastructures, from physical servers to virtual machines and cloud-based deployments, allowing you to run your apps wherever and however you choose.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "dkCVwuy8GKeEi3VJar_Zo": {
+    "title": "AI",
+    "description": "Artificial Intelligence (AI) in server side game development refers to the use of algorithms and computational procedures to create systems capable of performing tasks that would require human intelligence. Such tasks include learning and adapting to change, recognizing speech, or even making decisions. In game development, AI is often used to give non-player characters (NPCs) their own 'intelligence', making them even more life-like. This could be as simple as the ability to follow a player around in an environment, or as complex as crafting strategies for combat. AI can also be used to generate procedurally or dynamically generated content, creating potentially infinite unique experiences for the player. AI in games is often programmed in a way where it must strike a balance between appearing intelligent and providing an enjoyable experience for the player.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "XvvlvDKfYRCcYtTdWohsd": {
+    "title": "Cloud ML",
+    "description": "`Cloud Machine Learning` or `Cloud ML` is a branch of Artificial Intelligence that utilizes cloud computing services to provide machine learning capabilities. It enables developers and data scientists to build, train, and deploy machine learning models in a cloud-based environment. Cloud ML platforms usually offer a range of pre-trained models and services for tasks like image recognition, natural language understanding, and predictive analytics. These platforms support popular ML frameworks, such as TensorFlow and PyTorch, which can be used to design custom models. Importantly, Cloud ML abstracts the complex infrastructure management associated with large-scale ML computations providing users with more agile, scalable, and accessible machine learning solutions.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "U0RlO_puezQPZP0-iBXgW": {
+    "title": "Amazon ML",
+    "description": "Amazon Machine Learning (Amazon ML) is a robust, cloud-based service that makes it easy for developers of all skill levels to use machine learning technology. It provides visualization tools and wizards that guide you through the process of creating machine learning (ML) models without needing to learn complex ML algorithms and technology. With Amazon ML, you can create and train your data models, and then use those models to make predictions. These predictions can be used to implement sophisticated applications, such as user trend detection, sentiment analysis, fraud detection, and much more.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "vBqwmlzoT5XVEhV9IeGso": {
+    "title": "Azure ML",
+    "description": "Azure ML is a cloud-based service provided by Microsoft for building, training, and deploying machine learning models. It provides a suite of tools including automated machine learning and model management services, bolstering the productivity of data scientists and making complex machine learning tasks more achievable. Azure ML is designed to work with popular data science and machine learning frameworks such as PyTorch, TensorFlow, and scikit-learn. It bestows the capabilities of handling large volumes of data, providing scalability, and offering real-time insights. Furthermore, it supports open-source technologies, making it flexible for a wide array of applications. Azure ML stresses on high-level security and compliance, complying with major global and industry-specific standards. It's a comprehensive tool aimed at accelerating the entire machine learning lifecycle.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "jkWvfp4GqckYPQ48GtjlR": {
+    "title": "Deep Learning",
+    "description": "Deep Learning is a subset of machine learning that imitates the workings of the human brain in processing data and creating patterns for decision-making. This technique utilizes multiple layers of algorithms (or neural networks) to process information. Deep learning involves training a model using large volumes of data and neural network architectures that contain many layers. A server-side game developer might use deep learning algorithms to create complex AI characters, improve game physics, or even analyze player data. Deep learning can be supervised, semi-supervised or unsupervised and it's extensively applied in various domains such as voice recognition, image recognition, natural language processing, etc. It is a crucial element for many modern AI applications.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "iJE9RnKC8QjPnsFeZAbtl": {
+    "title": "TensorFlow",
+    "description": "**TensorFlow** is an open-source, end-to-end platform initially developed by Google Brain Team. Focusing on machine learning and equipped to handle deep learning tasks, TensorFlow takes input as a multi-dimensional array also known as a 'tensor'. The framework allows developers to create dataflow graphs. These graphs describe how data moves in a computing unit, be it a machine or a cloud. Within the graph, nodes represent mathematical operations while edges symbolize the tensors. TensorFlow is highly scalable and allows for computations across multiple CPUs or GPUs, making it appropriate for various tasks - be it server-side game development or research.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "LTSIfq10qDJMTCnIIyqvb": {
+    "title": "Pytorch",
+    "description": "**PyTorch** is an open-source machine learning library developed by Facebook Artificial Intelligence Research team for Python-based computation. This powerful tool emphasizes flexibility and allows users to manipulate Tensor computations with the convenience of deep neural networks built on a tape-based autodifferentiation system. It provides a great platform for implementing deep learning models and is very popular for understanding and expressing dynamic neural networks. PyTorch supports dynamic computational graphs, which means the graph structure can be modified during runtime. This is particularly useful while working with recurrent neural networks. It integrates seamlessly with the python data science stack to leverage the power of libraries such as NumPy.",
+    "links": []
+  }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/public/roadmap-content/software-architect.json b/public/roadmap-content/software-architect.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..330fb6042
--- /dev/null
+++ b/public/roadmap-content/software-architect.json
@@ -0,0 +1,1820 @@
+{
+  "4zicbh7Wg2lmKSRhb6E-L": {
+    "title": "Understand the Basics",
+    "description": "Understand different concepts such as what is software architecture, software architect, different types of architects and so on.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "EGG99VA-PEdWdVxNDLtG_": {
+    "title": "What is Software Architecture",
+    "description": "Describes how an application is built including its components, how they interact with each other, environment in which they operate and so on.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is Software Architecture in Software Engineering?",
+        "url": "https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:ya4xvYaEckQJ:https://www.future-processing.com/blog/what-is-software-architecture-in-software-engineering/&cd=1&hl=es-419&ct=clnk&gl=ar",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Software Architecture: It might not be what you think it is",
+        "url": "https://www.infoq.com/articles/what-software-architecture/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Architecture",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/architecture?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "eG38hT0rotYJ3G-t9df9R": {
+    "title": "What is a Software Architect",
+    "description": "An expert developer who design software solutions from the ground up, making high-level decisions about each stage of the process including technical standards, tools, design principles, platforms to be used, etc., leading a team of engineers to create the final product.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "12 Skills a Software Architect Needs",
+        "url": "https://www.redhat.com/architect/what-is-software-architect",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "2sR4KULvAUUoOtopvsEBs": {
+    "title": "Levels of Architecture",
+    "description": "Architecture can be done on several “levels” of abstractions. The level influences the importance of necessary skills. As there are many categorizations possible my favorite segmentation includes these 3 levels:\n\n*   **Application Level:** The lowest level of architecture. Focus on one single application. Very detailed, low level design. Communication is usually within one development team.\n*   **Solution Level:** The mid-level of architecture. Focus on one or more applications which fulfill a business need (business solution). Some high, but mainly low-level design. Communication is between multiple development teams.\n*   **Enterprise Level:** The highest level of architecture. Focus on multiple solutions. High level, abstract design, which needs to be detailed out by solution or application architects. Communication is across the organization.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "Lqe47l4j-C4OwkbkwPYry": {
+    "title": "Application Architecture",
+    "description": "The lowest level of architecture. Focus on one single application. Very detailed, low level design. Communication is usually within one development team.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "uGs-9xE3DMJxKhenltbFK": {
+    "title": "Solution Architecture",
+    "description": "The mid-level of architecture. Focus on one or more applications which fulfill a business need (business solution). Some high, but mainly low-level design. Communication is between multiple development teams.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "vlW07sc-FQnxPMjDMn8_F": {
+    "title": "Enterprise Architecture",
+    "description": "The highest level of architecture. Focus on multiple solutions. High level, abstract design, which needs to be detailed out by solution or application architects. Communication is across the organization. Visit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Enterprise Software Architecture",
+        "url": "https://medium.com/@hsienwei/enterprise-software-architecture-957288829daa",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Enterprise Architect vs Software Architect",
+        "url": "https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/enterprise-architect-vs-software-who-you-luigi-saggese/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Architecture",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/architecture?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "rUxbG2S2nJuA1YVY6sjiX": {
+    "title": "Responsibilities",
+    "description": "To understand the necessary skills an architect needs, we first need to understand typical activities. The following list contains from my perspective the most important activities:\n\n*   Define and decide development technology and platform\n*   Define development standards, e.g., coding standards, tools, review processes, test approach, etc.\n*   Support identifying and understanding business requirements\n*   Design systems and take decisions based on requirements\n*   Document and communicate architectural definitions, design and decisions\n*   Check and review architecture and code, e.g., check if defined patterns and coding standards are implemented properly\n*   Collaborate with other architects and stakeholders\n*   Coach and consult developers\n*   Make sure that as implementation takes place, the architecture is being adhered to\n*   Play a key part in reviewing code\n*   Detail out and refine higher level design into lower level design\n\n_Note: Architecture is a continuous activity, especially when it is applied in agile software development. Therefore, these activities are done over and over again._",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "lBtlDFPEQvQ_xtLtehU0S": {
+    "title": "Important Skills to Learn",
+    "description": "To support the laid-out activities specific skills are required. From my experience, read books and discussions we can boil this down to these ten skills every software architect should have:\n\n*   Design\n*   Decide\n*   Simplify\n*   Code\n*   Document\n*   Communicate\n*   Estimate\n*   Balance\n*   Consult\n*   Market",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "fBd2m8tMJmhuNSaakrpg4": {
+    "title": "Design & Architecture",
+    "description": "What makes a good design? This is probably the most important and challenging question. I will make a distinction between theory and practice. To my experience, having a mix of both is most valuable. Let’s start with theory:\n\n*   **Know the basic design patterns**: Patterns are one of the most important tools an architect needs to have to develop maintainable systems. With patterns you can reuse designs to solve common problems with proven solutions. The book “Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable Object-Oriented Software” written by John Vlissides, Ralph Johnson, Richard Helm, Erich Gamma is a must-read to everyone who is in software development. Although the patterns were published more than 20 years ago they are still the basis of modern software architecture. For example, the Model-View-Controller (MVC) pattern was described in this book, which is applied in many areas or is the basis for newer pattern, e.g. Model-View-ViewModel (MVVM).\n*   **Dig deeper into patterns and anti-patterns**: If you already know all basic Gang-of-Four patterns, then extend your knowledge with more software design patterns or dig deeper into your area of interest. One of my favorite books about application integration is “Enterprise Integration Patterns” written by Gregor Hohpe. This book is applicable in various areas whenever two applications need to exchange data, whether it is an old-school file exchange from some legacy systems or a modern microservice architecture.\n*   **Know quality measures**: Defining architecture is not the end. There are reasons why guidelines and coding standards are defined, applied and controlled. You do this because of quality and non-functional requirements. You want to have a system which is maintainable, reliable, adaptable, secure, testable, scalable, usable, etc. And one piece to achieving all of these quality attributes is applying good architecture work. You can start to learn more about quality measures on Wikipedia. Theory is important. Practice is equally—or even more—important if you do not want to become an Ivory Tower Architect.\n*   **Try out and understand different technology stacks**: I think this is the most important activity if you want to become a better architect. Try out (new) technology stacks and learn their ups and downs. Different or new technology comes with different design aspects and patterns. You most likely do not learn anything from just flipping through abstract slides but by trying it out by yourself and feeling the pain or the relief. An architect should not only have broad, but—also in some areas—deep knowledge. It is not important to master all technology stacks but to have a solid understanding of the most important in your area. Also, try out technology which is not in your area, e.g., if you are deep into SAP R/3 you should also try JavaScript and vice versa. Still, both parties will be surprised about the latest advances in SAP S/4 Hana. For example, you can try it by yourself and take a course at openSAP for free. Be curious and try out new things. Also try out stuff which you did not like some years ago.\n*   **Analyze and understand applied patterns**: Have a look at any current framework, e.g., Angular. You can study a lot of patterns in practice, e.g., Observables. Try to understand how it is applied in the framework, why it was done. And if you are really dedicated, have a deeper look into the code and understand how it was implemented.\n*   **Be curious and attend User Groups**. [Meetup](https://www.meetup.com/)",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "MSDo0nPk_ghRYkZS4MAQ_": {
+    "title": "Decision Making",
+    "description": "An architect needs to be able to take decisions and guide projects or the entire organization into the right direction.\n\n*   **Know what is important**: Do not waste time with unimportant decisions or activities. Learn what is important. To my knowledge there is not a book which has these information. My personal favorites are these 2 characteristics which I usually consider when evaluating if something is important or not:\n    1.  Conceptional Integrity: If you decide to do it in one way, stick to it, even if it is sometimes better to do it differently. Usually, this leads to a more straightforward overall concept, eases comprehensibility and eases maintenance.\n    2.  Uniformity: If you for example define and apply naming conventions it is not about upper- or lowercase, but to have it applied everywhere in the same way.\n*   **Prioritize**: Some decisions are highly critical. If they are not taken early enough workarounds are build up which are often unlikely to be removed later and are a nightmare for maintenance, or worse, developers simply stop working until a decision is taken. In such situations it is sometimes even better to go with a “bad” decision instead of having no decision. But before it comes to this situation, consider prioritizing upcoming decisions. There are different ways to do so. I suggest having a look at the Weighted Shortest Job First (WSJF) model which is widely used within agile software development. Especially the measures time criticality and risk reduction are critical to estimate the priority of architecture decisions.\n*   **Know your competence**: Do not decide things which are not in your competence. This is critical as it may ruin your position as architect significantly if not considered. To avoid this, clarify with your peers which responsibilities you have and what is part of your role. If there are more than one architect, then you should respect the level of architecture in which you are currently deployed. As an lower level architect you better come up with suggestions for higher level architecture instead of decisions. Further, I recommend checking critical decisions always with a peer.\n*   **Evaluate multiple options**: Always lay out more than one option if it comes to decisions. In the majority of the cases I was involved in, there was more than one possible (good) option. Going with only one option is bad in two respects: First, it seems that you did not do your job properly and secondly it impedes making proper decisions. By defining measures, options can be compared based on facts instead of gut feelings, e.g. license costs or maturity. This usually leads to better and more sustainable decisions. Further, it eases to sell the decision to different stakeholders. Besides, if you do not have evaluated options properly you may miss arguments when it comes to discussions.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "lrtgF1RTaS4TCKww0aY6C": {
+    "title": "Simplifying Things",
+    "description": "Keep in mind the problem-solving principle Occam’s Razor which states to prefer simplicity. I interpret the principle as following: If you have too many assumptions about the problem to solve your solution will probably be wrong or lead to an unnecessary complex solution. Assumptions should be reduced (simplified) to come to a good solution.\n\n*   **Shake the solution**: To get solutions simplified, it often helps to “shake” the solution and look at them from different positions. Try to shape the solution by thinking top-down and again bottom-up. If you have a data flow or process, then first think left to right and again right to left. Ask questions such as: “What happens to your solution in a perfect world?” Or: “What would company / person X do?” (Where X is probably not your competitor, but one of the GAFA (Google, Apple, Facebook, & Amazon) companies.) Both questions force you to reduce assumptions as suggested by Occam’s Razor.\n*   **Take a step back**: After intense and long discussions, highly complex scribbles are often the results. You should never ever see these as the final results. Take a step back: Have a look at the big picture again (abstract level). Does it still make sense? Then go through it on the abstract level again and refactor. Sometimes it helps to stop a discussion and continue the next day. At least my brain needs some time to process and to come up with better, more elegant and simpler solutions.\n*   **Divide and Conquer**: Simplify the problem by dividing it into smaller pieces. Then solve them independently. Afterwards validate if the small pieces match together. Take the step back to have a look at the overall picture for this.\n*   **Refactoring is not evil**: It is totally ok to start with a more complex solution if no better idea can be found. If the solution is making troubles you can later rethink the solution and apply your learning. Refactoring is not evil. But before you start refactoring, keep in mind to have (1) enough automated tests in place which can ensure the proper functionality of the system and (2) the buy-in from your stakeholders. To learn more about refactoring I suggest reading “Refactoring. Improving the Design of Existing Code” by Martin Fowler.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "77KvWCA1oHSGgDKBTwjv7": {
+    "title": "How to Code",
+    "description": "Even as an Enterprise Architect, the most abstract level of architecture, you should still know what developers are doing on their daily basis. And if you do not understand how this is done, you may face two major problems:\n\n*   Developers won’t accept your sayings.\n*   You do not understand challenges and needs of developers.\n*   **Have a side project**: The purpose of this is to try out new technologies and tools to find out how development is done today and in the future. Experience is the combination of observations, emotions and hypothesis (“Experience and Knowledge Management in Software Engineering” by Kurt Schneider). Reading a tutorial or some pros and cons is good. But this is just “book knowledge”. Only if you try out things by yourself you can experience emotions and can built up hypothesis about why something is good or bad. And the longer you work with a technology the better your hypothesis will get. This will help you to take better decisions in your day to day work. As I started programming I had no code completion and only some utility libraries to speed up development. Obviously, with this background I would make wrong decisions today. Today, we have tons of programming languages, frameworks, tools, processes and practices. Only if you have some experience and a rough overview in the major trends you are able to take part of the conversation and to steer development into the right direction.\n*   **Find the right things to try out**: You cannot try out everything. This is simply impossible. You need a more structured approach. One source I recently discovered is the [Technology Radar](https://www.thoughtworks.com/radar) from ThoughtWorks. They categorize technologies, tools, platforms, languages and frameworks into four categories:\n    *   Adopt: “strong feeling to be ready for enterprise usage”.\n    *   Trial: “enterprise should try it in one project that can handle the risk”.\n    *   Assess: “explore how it affects your enterprise”\n    *   Hold: “process with caution”.\n\nWith this categorization it is easier to get an overview of new things and their readiness to better evaluate which trend to explore next.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "5D-kbQ520k1D3fCtD01T7": {
+    "title": "Documentation",
+    "description": "Architectural documentation is sometimes more and sometimes less important. Important documents are for example architectural decisions or code guidelines. Initial documentation is often required before coding starts and need to be refined continuously. Other documentation can be automatically generated as code can also be documentation, e.g. UML class diagrams.\n\n*   **Clean Code**: Code is the best documentation if done right. A good architect should be capable to distinguish between good and bad code. A really great resource to learn more about good and bad code is the book “Clean Code” by Robert C. Martin.\n*   **Generate documentation where possible**: Systems are changing quickly and it is hard to update the documentation. Whether it is about APIs or system landscapes in form of CMDBs (Configuration management database): The underlying information often changes too fast to keep the corresponding documentation up to date by hand. Example: For APIs you could auto generate documentation based on the definition file if you are model driven, or directly from the source code. A lot of tools exist for that, I think Swagger and RAML are a good starting point to learn more.\n*   **As much as necessary, as little as possible**: Whatever you need to document, e.g., decision papers, try to focus on only one thing at a time and include only the necessary information for this one thing. Extensive documentation is hard to read and to understand. Additional information should be stored in the appendix. Especially for decision papers it is more important to tell a convincing story instead of just throwing tons of arguments. Further, this saves you and your co-workers, who have to read it, a lot of time. Have a look at some documentation you have done in the past (source code, models, decision papers, etc.) and ask yourself the following questions: “Are all necessary information included to understand it?”, “Which information are really required and which could be omitted?” and “Does the documentation has a red line?”.\n*   **Learn more about architecture frameworks**: This point could be applied to all other “technical” points as well. I put it here, as frameworks like TOGAF or Zachmann are providing “tools” which feel heavy on the documentation side, although their added value is not limited to documentation. Getting certified in such a framework teaches you to tackle architecture more systematically.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "Ac49sOlQKblYK4FZuFHDR": {
+    "title": "Communication",
+    "description": "From my observations this is one of the most underestimated skill. If you are brilliant in design but cannot communicate your ideas, your thoughts are likely to have less impact or even fail to succeed.\n\n*   **Learn how to communicate your ideas**: When collaborating on a board or flip chart, it is essential to know how to use it properly in order to structure you and your peers’ thoughts. I found the book “UZMO — Thinking With Your Pen” to be a good resource to enhance my skills in this area. As an architect you usually do not only participating in a meeting, usually you need to drive the meeting and to moderate it.\n*   **Give talks to large groups**: Presenting your ideas to a small or large group should be doable for you. If you feel uncomfortable with this, start presenting to your best friend. Enlarge the group slowly. This is something which you can only learn by doing and by leaving your personal comfort zone. Be patient with yourself, this process may take some time.\n*   **Find the right level of communication**: Different stakeholders have different interests and views. They need to be addressed individually on their level. Before you communicate, step back and check if the information you want to share have the right level, regarding abstractness, content, goals, motivations, etc. Example: A developer is usually interested in the very little detail of the solution, whereas a manager prefers to know which option saves most money.\n*   **Communicate often**: A brilliant architecture is worthless if nobody knows about it. Distribute the target architecture and the thoughts behind it, regularly and on every organizational level. Schedule meetings with developers, architects and managers to show them the desired or defined way.\n*   **Be transparent**: Regular communication mitigates missing transparency only partially. You need to make the reason behind decisions transparent. Especially, if people are not involved in the decision-making process it is hard to understand and to follow the decision and rationale behind it.\n*   **Be always prepared to give a presentation**: There is always someone with questions and you want to give the right answers immediately. Try to always have the most important slides in a consolidated set which you can show and explain. It saves you a lot of time and it gives security to yourself.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "m0ZYdqPFDoHOPo18wKyvV": {
+    "title": "Estimate and Evaluate",
+    "description": "*   **Know basic project management principles**: As architect or lead developer you are often asked for estimates to realize your ideas: How long, how much, how many people, which skills, etc.? Of course, if you plan to introduce new tools or frameworks you need to have an answer for these kind of “management” questions. Initially, you should be able to give a rough estimate, like days, months or years. And do not forget that it is not only about implementing, there are more activities to consider, like requirements engineering, testing and fixing bugs. Therefore, you should know the activities the used software development process. One thing you can apply to get better estimates, is to use past data and derive your prediction from that. If you do not have past data, you can also try approaches such as COCOMO by Barry W. Boehm. If you are deployed in an agile project, learn how to estimate and to plan properly: The book “Agile Estimating and Planning” by Mike Cohn provides a solid overview in this area.\n*   **Evaluate “unknown” architecture**: As architect you should also be able to evaluate the suitability of architectures for the current or future context(s). This is not an easy task but you can prepare for it by having a set of questions at hand which are common for every architecture. And it’s not only about architecture but also about how the system is managed, as this also gives you insights about the quality. I suggest to always have some questions prepared and ready to use. Some ideas for general questions:\n    *   Design practices: Which patterns does the architecture follow? Are they consequently and correctly used? Does the design follow a red line or is there an uncontrolled growth? Is there a clear structure and separation of concerns?\n    *   Development practices: Code guidelines in place and followed? How is the code versioned? Deployment practices?\n    *   Quality assurance: Test automation coverage? Static code analysis in place and good results? Peer reviews in place?\n    *   Security: Which security concepts are in place? Built-in security? Penetration tests or automated security analysis tools in place and regularly used?",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "otHQ6ye1xgkI1qb4tEHVF": {
+    "title": "Balance",
+    "description": "*   **Quality comes at a price**: Earlier I talked about quality and non-functional requirements. If you overdo architecture it will increase costs and probably lower speed of development. You need to balance architectural and functional requirements. Over engineering should be avoided.\n*   **Solve contradicting goals**: A classic example of contradicting goals are short- and long-term goals. Projects often tend to build the simplest solution whereas an architect has the long-term vision in mind. Often, the simple solution does not fit into the long-term solution and is at risk to be thrown away later (sunk costs). To avoid implementation into the wrong direction, two things need to be considered:\n    1.  Developers and business need to understand the long term vision and their benefits in order to adapt their solution and\n    2.  managers who are responsible for budget need to be involved to understand the financial impact. It is not necessary to have 100% of the long term vision in place directly, but the developed piece should fit into it.\n*   **Conflict management**: Architects are often the glue between multiple groups with different backgrounds. This may lead to conflicts on different levels of communication. To find a balanced solution which also reflect long-term, strategic goals, it is often the role of architects to help overcome the conflict. My starting point regarding communication theory was the “Four-Ears Model” of Schulze von Thun. Based on this model a lot can be shown and deducted. But this theory needs some practice, which should be experienced during communication seminars.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "LSWlk9A3b6hco9Il_elao": {
+    "title": "Consult & Coach",
+    "description": "Being pro-active is probably the best you can do when it comes to consulting and coaching. If you are asked, it is often too late. And cleaning up on the architecture site is something which you want to avoid. You need to somehow foresee the next weeks, months or even years and prepare yourself and the organization for the next steps.\n\n*   **Have a vision**: If you are deployed in a project, whether it is a traditional waterfall like approach or agile, you always need to have a vision of your mid- and long-term goals you want to achieve. This is not a detailed concept, but more a road-map towards everyone can work. As you cannot achieve everything at once (it is a journey) I prefer to use maturity models. They give a clear structure which can be easily consumed and give the current status of progress at every time. For different aspects I use different models, e.g. development practices or continuous delivery. Every level in the maturity model has clear requirements which follow the SMART criteria in order to ease measuring if you have achieved it or not. One nice example I found is for continues delivery.\n*   **Build a community of practice (CoP)**: Exchanging experience and knowledge among a common interest group helps distributing ideas and standardizing approaches. For example you could gather all JavaScript developer and architects in one room, every three months or so, and discuss past and current challenges and how they were tackled or new methodologies and approaches. Architects can share, discuss and align their visions, developers can share experience and learn from their peers. Such a round can be highly beneficial for the enterprise but also for the individual itself, as it helps building a stronger network and distributes ideas. Also check out the article Communities of Practice from the SAFe Framework which explains the CoP concept in an agile setting.\n*   **Conduct open door sessions**: One source of misconceptions or ambiguity is lack of communication. Block a fixed time slot, e.g. 30 min every week, for exchanging hot topics with your peers. This session has no agenda everything can be discussed. Try to solve minor things on the spot. Schedule follow-ups on the more complex topics.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "YW6j3Sg511dXToTcwSnOS": {
+    "title": "Marketing Skills",
+    "description": "Your ideas are great and you have communicated them well but still nobody wants to follow? Then you probably lack marketing skills.\n\n*   **Motivate and convince**: How do companies convince you of buying a product? They demonstrate its value and benefits. But not just with 5 bullet points. They wrap it nicely and make it as easy as possible to digest.\n    *   Prototypes: Show a prototype of your idea. There are plenty of tools for creating prototypes. In the context of enterprises who love SAP check out [build.me](http://build.me) in which you can create nice looking and clickable UI5 apps fast and easy.\n    *   Show a video: Instead of “boring slides” you can also show a video which demonstrates your idea or at least the direction. But please, don’t overdo marketing: In the long term, content is king. If your words do not come true, this will damage your reputation in the long term.\n*   **Fight for your ideas and be persistent**: People sometime do not like your ideas or they are just too lazy to follow them. If you are really convinced by your ideas, you should continuously go after them and “fight”. This is sometimes necessary. Architecture decisions with long term goals are often not the easiest one’s: Developers do not like them, as they are more complex to develop. Managers do not like them, as they are more expensive in the short term. This is your job to be persistent and to negotiate.\n*   **Find allies**: Establishing or enforcing your ideas on your own can be hard or even impossible. Try to find allies who can support and help convincing others. Use your network. If you do not have one yet, start building it now. You could start by talking to your (open-minded) peers about your ideas. If they like it, or at least parts of it, it is likely that they support your idea if asked by others (“The idea by X was interesting.”). If they don’t like it, ask for the why: Maybe you have missed something? Or your story is not convincing enough? Next step is to find allies with decision power. Ask for an open-minded discussion. If you fear the discussion, remember that sometimes you need to leave your comfort zone.\n*   **Repeat It, Believe It**: “\\[…\\] studies show that repeated exposure to an opinion makes people believe the opinion is more prevalent, even if the source of that opinion is only a single person.” (Source: The Financial Brand) If you publish few messages often enough, it can help to convince people more easily. But be aware: From my perspective such a strategy should be used wisely as it could backfire as a lousy marketing trick.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "hFx3mLqh5omNxqI9lfaAQ": {
+    "title": "Technical Skills",
+    "description": "*   Experience in software development\n*   Experience in project management\n*   Knowledge of one or more programming languages, such as Java, Python, JavaScript, Ruby, Rust, and C\n*   Knowledge of different development platforms\n*   Understanding of web applications, cybersecurity, and open source technologies\n*   Proficiency in analyzing code for issues and errors\n*   Experience in database platforms\n*   Experience with Operations and DevOps Skills",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "uoDtVFThaV6OMK2wXGfP5": {
+    "title": "Programming Languages",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "a5DB_hsD4bAf8BtHNFNPo": {
+    "title": "Java / Kotlin / Scala",
+    "description": "Visit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Visit Dedicated Java Roadmap",
+        "url": "/java",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Java Basics",
+        "url": "https://www.w3schools.com/java/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Learn the basics of Kotlin",
+        "url": "https://blog.teamtreehouse.com/absolute-beginners-guide-kotlin",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Kotlin Docs",
+        "url": "https://kotlinlang.org/docs/reference/basic-syntax.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Scala Tutorial",
+        "url": "https://docs.scala-lang.org/tour/basics.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Java",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/java?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "j2Ph2QcKwmKlbaMHz1l_i": {
+    "title": "Python",
+    "description": "Python is a multi-paradigm language. Being an interpreted language, code is executed as soon as it is written and the Python syntax allows for writing code in functional, procedural or object-oriented programmatic ways. Python is frequently recommended as the first language new coders should learn, because of its focus on readability, consistency, and ease of use. This comes with some downsides, as the language is not especially performant in most production tasks.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Visit Dedicated Python Roadmap",
+        "url": "/python",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Python Website",
+        "url": "https://www.python.org/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Python Getting Started",
+        "url": "https://www.python.org/about/gettingstarted/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Automate the Boring Stuff",
+        "url": "https://automatetheboringstuff.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "W3Schools - Python Tutorial ",
+        "url": "https://www.w3schools.com/python/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Python Crash Course",
+        "url": "https://ehmatthes.github.io/pcc/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Python",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/python?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "U_Hmzfjjs1jVtu2CZ0TlG": {
+    "title": "Ruby",
+    "description": "Ruby is a high-level, interpreted programming language that blends Perl, Smalltalk, Eiffel, Ada, and Lisp. Ruby focuses on simplicity and productivity along with a syntax that reads and writes naturally. Ruby supports procedural, object-oriented and functional programming and is dynamically typed.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Ruby Website",
+        "url": "https://www.ruby-lang.org/en/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Learn Ruby in 20 minutes",
+        "url": "https://www.ruby-lang.org/en/documentation/quickstart/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Ruby",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/ruby?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "nKlM9k4qAh4wBFXqM-2kC": {
+    "title": "Go",
+    "description": "Go is an open source programming language supported by Google. Go can be used to write cloud services, CLI tools, used for API development, and much more.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Visit Dedicated Go Roadmap",
+        "url": "/golang",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "A Tour of Go – Go Basics",
+        "url": "https://go.dev/tour/welcome/1",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Go Reference Documentation",
+        "url": "https://go.dev/doc/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Go by Example - annotated example programs",
+        "url": "https://gobyexample.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "W3Schools Go Tutorial ",
+        "url": "https://www.w3schools.com/go/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Golang",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/golang?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "bhP5gMpRVebSFpCeHVXBj": {
+    "title": "JavaScript / TypeScript",
+    "description": "JavaScript allows you to add interactivity to your pages. Common examples that you may have seen on the websites are sliders, click interactions, popups and so on. Apart from being used on the frontend in browsers, there is Node.js which is an open-source, cross-platform, back-end JavaScript runtime environment that runs on the V8 engine and executes JavaScript code outside a web browser.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Visit Dedicated JavaScript Roadmap",
+        "url": "/javascript",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "W3Schools – JavaScript Tutorial",
+        "url": "https://www.w3schools.com/js/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "The Modern JavaScript Tutorial",
+        "url": "https://javascript.info/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Official Website",
+        "url": "https://www.typescriptlang.org/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Official Docs for Deep Dives",
+        "url": "https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "The TypeScript Handbook",
+        "url": "https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/intro.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "TypeScript Tutorial",
+        "url": "https://www.tutorialspoint.com/typescript/index.htm",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Scrimba — TypeScript Basics",
+        "url": "https://scrimba.com/learn/typescript",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about JavaScript",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/javascript?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "JavaScript Crash Course for Beginners",
+        "url": "https://youtu.be/hdI2bqOjy3c",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Node.js Crash Course",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fBNz5xF-Kx4",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Node.js Tutorial for Beginners",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TlB_eWDSMt4",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "TypeScript for Beginners",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BwuLxPH8IDs",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "D1IXOBUrrXf5bXhVu9cmI": {
+    "title": ".NET Framework Based",
+    "description": ".NET is an open-source platform with tools and libraries for building web, mobile, desktop, games, IoT, cloud, and microservices.\n\nOfficially supported languages in .NET: C#, F#, Visual Basic.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": ".NET Website",
+        "url": "https://dotnet.microsoft.com/en-us/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is .NET?",
+        "url": "https://dotnet.microsoft.com/en-us/learn/dotnet/what-is-dotnet",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Why Choose .NET?",
+        "url": "https://dotnet.microsoft.com/en-us/platform/why-choose-dotnet",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "C# Documentation",
+        "url": "https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/csharp/?WT.mc_id=dotnet-35129-website",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "F# Documentation",
+        "url": "https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/fsharp/?WT.mc_id=dotnet-35129-website",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Visual Basic Documentation",
+        "url": "https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/visual-basic/?WT.mc_id=dotnet-35129-website",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about .NET",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/.net?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "_U0VoTkqM1d6NR13p5azS": {
+    "title": "Patterns & Design Principles",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "AMDLJ_Bup-AY1chl_taV3": {
+    "title": "OOP",
+    "description": "Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a computer programming model that organizes software design around data, or objects, rather than functions and logic. An object can be defined as a data field that has unique attributes and behavior.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Basic concepts of object-oriented programming",
+        "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Objects/Object-oriented_programming",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "w3schools - OOP Concepts",
+        "url": "https://www.w3schools.com/java/java_oop.asp",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "FreeCodeCamp - (OOP) in C++",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wN0x9eZLix4",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "FreeCodeCamp - (OPP) in Python",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ej_02ICOIgs",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "jj5otph6mEYiR-oU5WVtT": {
+    "title": "MVC, MVP, MVVM",
+    "description": "Model-view-controller, or MVC, is a pattern used to separate user-interface, data and application logic. It does this by separating an application into three parts: Model, View, and Controller. The model holds the data, the view encompasses the user-interface, and the controller acts as a mediator between the two.\n\nModel-view-presenter, or MVP, was designed to ease automated unit testing and improve the separation of concerns in presentation logic. MVP is a variant of the MVC pattern, though differs in that it divides the application into the user-interface (view), data (model) and presentation logic (presenter). While the model and the view represent stay the same as in the model-view-controller pattern, the presenter differs from the controller in that it manipulates the model and updates the view.\n\nAnother variant of the MVC is the model-view-viewmodel pattern. The Model-view-viewmodel, or MVVM, separates the application into three core components: Model, View, and View Model. While the view and model represent all that they did in their parent pattern, the view model acts as a link between the model and view, retrieves data from the model and exposes it to the view through two-way data binding and can manipulate the model's data.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "MVC, MVP and MVVM Design Pattern",
+        "url": "https://medium.com/@ankit.sinhal/mvc-mvp-and-mvvm-design-pattern-6e169567bbad",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about General Programming",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/general-programming?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "RsnN5bt8OhSMjSFmVgw-X": {
+    "title": "CQRS, Eventual Consistency",
+    "description": "CQRS (Segregation of Responsibility for Command Queries) is an architecture pattern that comes with the idea of separating read and write operations into two distinct logical processes.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "CQRS",
+        "url": "https://martinfowler.com/bliki/CQRS.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Introduction to CQRS",
+        "url": "https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/architecture/patterns/cqrs",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "AoWO2BIKG5X4JWir6kh5r": {
+    "title": "Actors",
+    "description": "Actor Model is a model that represents actors as the basic unit of a system, they can only communicate through messages and have their own private state, and they can also manage other actors, resulting in an encapsulated and fault-tolerant system.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "The actor model in 10 minutes",
+        "url": "https://www.brianstorti.com/the-actor-model/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Actor Model Explained",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ELwEdb_pD0k",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "bbKEEk7dvfFZBBJaIjm0j": {
+    "title": "ACID, CAP Theorem",
+    "description": "ACID (Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability) and CAP (Consistency, Availability, Partition Tolerance) are essential concepts in distributed systems. They are often used to explain the trade-offs between consistency and availability.\n\nCAP is an acronym for Consistency, Availability, and Partition Tolerance. According to the CAP theorem, any distributed system can only guarantee two of the three properties at any time. You can't guarantee all three properties at once.\n\nACID is an acronym that stands for Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability. ACID is a set of properties of database transactions intended to guarantee validity even in the event of errors, power failures, etc.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is CAP Theorem?",
+        "url": "https://www.bmc.com/blogs/cap-theorem/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "CAP Theorem - Wikipedia",
+        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAP_theorem",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "An Illustrated Proof of the CAP Theorem",
+        "url": "https://mwhittaker.github.io/blog/an_illustrated_proof_of_the_cap_theorem/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "CAP Theorem and its applications in NoSQL Databases",
+        "url": "https://www.ibm.com/uk-en/cloud/learn/cap-theorem",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "ACID - Wikipedia",
+        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACID",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is CAP Theorem?",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_RbsFXWRZ10",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "QNG-KP01WQnq8o1-In1-n": {
+    "title": "SOLID",
+    "description": "SOLID is a set of principles applied to object-oriented design (OOD) to create maintainable, understandable, and flexible code, while avoiding code smells and defects. The principles are:\n\n*   Single Responsibility\n*   Open/Closed\n*   Liskov Substitution\n*   Interface Segregation\n*   Dependency Inversion\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "SOLID Principles",
+        "url": "https://www.baeldung.com/solid-principles",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "SOLID: The First 5 Principles of Object Oriented Design",
+        "url": "https://www.digitalocean.com/community/conceptual_articles/s-o-l-i-d-the-first-five-principles-of-object-oriented-design",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "DnP66pjK3b8tCtYr05n2G": {
+    "title": "TDD",
+    "description": "Test driven development (TDD) is the process of writing tests for software's requirements which will fail until the software is developed to meet those requirements. Once those tests pass, then the cycle repeats to refactor code or develop another feature/requirement. In theory, this ensures that software is written to meet requirements in the simplest form, and avoids code defects.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is Test Driven Development (TDD)?",
+        "url": "https://www.guru99.com/test-driven-development.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Test-driven development",
+        "url": "https://www.ibm.com/garage/method/practices/code/practice_test_driven_development/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about TDD",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/tdd?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Agile in Practice: Test Driven Development",
+        "url": "https://youtu.be/uGaNkTahrIw",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "IIelzs8XYMPnXabFKRI51": {
+    "title": "DDD",
+    "description": "Domain-driven design (DDD) is a software design approach focusing on modeling software to match a domain according to input from that domain's experts.\n\nIn terms of object-oriented programming, it means that the structure and language of software code (class names, class methods, class variables) should match the business domain. For example, if a software processes loan applications, it might have classes like LoanApplication and Customer, and methods such as AcceptOffer and Withdraw.\n\nDDD connects the implementation to an evolving model and it is predicated on the following goals:\n\n*   Placing the project's primary focus on the core domain and domain logic;\n*   Basing complex designs on a model of the domain;\n*   Initiating a creative collaboration between technical and domain experts to iteratively refine a conceptual model that addresses particular domain problems.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Domain Driven Design Quickly",
+        "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230606035225/https://matfrs2.github.io/RS2/predavanja/literatura/Avram%20A,%20Marinescu%20F.%20-%20Domain%20Driven%20Design%20Quickly.pdf",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Architecture",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/architecture?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "tools@diu8MyHxZuZSdhavYVj1T.md": {
+    "title": "Tools",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "ZEzYb-i55hBe9kK3bla94": {
+    "title": "Git",
+    "description": "Git is a free and open source distributed version control system designed to handle everything from small to very large projects with speed and efficiency.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Learn Git with Tutorials, News and Tips - Atlassian",
+        "url": "https://www.atlassian.com/git",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Git Cheat Sheet",
+        "url": "https://cs.fyi/guide/git-cheatsheet",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Git",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/git?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Git & GitHub Crash Course For Beginners",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SWYqp7iY_Tc",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "CYnUg_okOcRrD7fSllxLW": {
+    "title": "Slack",
+    "description": "Slack is a messaging app for business that connects people to the information that they need. By bringing people together to work as one unified team, Slack transforms the way that organisations communicate.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Slack",
+        "url": "https://slack.com",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Getting Started",
+        "url": "https://slack.com/intl/en-in/help/categories/360000049043",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Slack",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/slack?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is Slack?",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q19RtuCHt1Q",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "a6joS9WXg-rbw29_KfBd9": {
+    "title": "Trello",
+    "description": "Trello is the visual tool that empowers your team to manage any type of project, workflow, or task tracking.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Trello",
+        "url": "https://trello.com",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Trello Guide",
+        "url": "https://trello.com/guide",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "A Tour Of Trello",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AyfupeWS0yY",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "3bpd0iZTd3G-H8A7yrExY": {
+    "title": "Atlassian Tools",
+    "description": "The Jira platform is, at its core, our workflow engine that allows you to track issues or tasks through a predefined and customizable workflow. These tasks can be organized by project, allowing for the entirety of your organization to track their issues at a project level with complete transparency using granular user permissions.\n\n### Jira Service Desk\n\nJira Service Desk is for teams who receive incoming issues/requests from other teams/customers. Jira Service Desk is designed specifically for end-users to submit tickets to a help desk team.\n\n### Jira Core\n\nJira Core takes this workflow engine and caters it for business teams to develop organized, easy to use, task-oriented projects. Whether the tasks are a simple to-do list or a robust 7 step workflow with complex transitions, Jira Core is built to accommodate all of your requirements. Jira Core is an excellent solution for business teams, legal teams, HR teams, non-technical teams, marketing teams, financial teams, operation teams, and more.\n\n### Confluence\n\nConfluence is a collaboration wiki used to help teams collaborate and share knowledge efficiently. It acts as your document collaboration and repository as it keeps full tracking of what changed in each document, when, and by whom to keep an 'audit' trail. Team members can create, share, and collaborate on content.\n\n### Bitbucket\n\nBitbucket Server is the on-premises Git repository management solution for enterprise teams. It allows everyone in your organization to easily collaborate on your Git repositories.\n\n### Statuspage\n\nStatuspage helps teams inform customers and end-users about outages and scheduled maintenance. Statuspage is the communication piece of your incident management process. Keep users in the loop from 'investigating' through 'resolved'.\n\n### Opsgenie\n\nOpsgenie is a modern incident management solution for operating always-on services that enable dev and ops teams to stay aware and in control of alerts and incidents.\n\n### Advanced Roadmaps for Jira\n\nAdvanced Roadmaps is a Jira Software Cloud Premium feature that's designed to help multiple teams collaborate together, track the big picture, identify dependencies across large pieces of work, and plan for team capacity.\n\nAdvanced Roadmaps is available as a standalone app for Jira Software Server and Data Center.\n\n### Jira Align\n\nJira Align is an Enterprise Agile Planning platform that helps improve visibility, strategic alignment, and enterprise adaptability in order to accelerate your digital transformation.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Jira Service Desk",
+        "url": "https://www.atlassian.com/software/jira/service-management/features/service-desk",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Jira Core",
+        "url": "https://www.atlassian.com/software/jira/work-management",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Confluence",
+        "url": "https://www.atlassian.com/wac/software/confluence?",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Bitbucket",
+        "url": "https://bitbucket.org/product/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Statuspage",
+        "url": "https://www.atlassian.com/software/statuspage",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Opsgenie",
+        "url": "https://www.atlassian.com/software/opsgenie",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Advanced Roadmaps for Jira",
+        "url": "https://www.atlassian.com/software/jira/features/roadmaps",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Jira Align",
+        "url": "https://www.atlassian.com/software/jira/align",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Atlassian",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/atlassian?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "PyTuVs08_z4EhLwhTYzFu": {
+    "title": "GitHub",
+    "description": "GitHub is a provider of Internet hosting for software development and version control using Git. It offers the distributed version control and source code management functionality of Git, plus its own features.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "GitHub Website",
+        "url": "https://github.com",
+        "type": "opensource"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "GitHub Documentation",
+        "url": "https://docs.github.com/en/get-started/quickstart",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How to Use Git in a Professional Dev Team",
+        "url": "https://ooloo.io/project/github-flow",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about GitHub",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/github?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is GitHub?",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w3jLJU7DT5E",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Git vs. GitHub: Whats the difference?",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wpISo9TNjfU",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Git and GitHub for Beginners",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RGOj5yH7evk",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Git and GitHub - CS50 Beyond 2019",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eulnSXkhE7I",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "SuMhTyaBS9vwASxAt39DH": {
+    "title": "Tools",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "OaLmlfkZid7hKqJ9G8oNV": {
+    "title": "Architecture",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "FAXKxl3fWUFShYmoCsInZ": {
+    "title": "Serverless",
+    "description": "Serverless architecture (also known as serverless computing or function as a service, FaaS) is a software design pattern where applications are hosted by a third-party service, eliminating the need for server software and hardware management by the developer. Applications are broken up into individual functions that can be invoked and scaled individually.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Serverless Architectures By AWS",
+        "url": "https://aws.amazon.com/lambda/serverless-architectures-learn-more/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Serverless in Detail",
+        "url": "https://martinfowler.com/articles/serverless.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Serverless",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/serverless?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "mka_DwiboH5sGFhXhk6ez": {
+    "title": "Client / Server",
+    "description": "Visit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is Client-Server Architecture",
+        "url": "https://www.simplilearn.com/what-is-client-server-architecture-article",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Architecture",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/architecture?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "05hLO2_A8Tr6cLJGFRhOh": {
+    "title": "Layered",
+    "description": "Layered architecture is a software design pattern in which an application is composed of several layers or tiers. Each layer has a specific responsibility and communicates with the other layers through well-defined interfaces. This modular approach to software design allows for easier maintenance and testing, and also makes it possible to reuse components in different applications.\n\nThe most common type of layered architecture is the three-tier architecture, which is typically composed of a presentation layer, a business logic layer, and a data access layer. The presentation layer is responsible for displaying data to the user and receiving user input. The business logic layer contains the core business logic and rules of the application, and the data access layer is responsible for accessing and manipulating data in the database.\n\nLayered architecture is a common approach to designing scalable and maintainable software systems, and it is often used in enterprise-level applications.\n\nWhile layered architecture has many benefits, it also has some drawbacks that should be considered. These include the following:\n\n*   Complexity: Layered architecture can add complexity to an application, especially if it is not implemented carefully. This can make the application more difficult to understand and maintain.\n    \n*   Performance: Layered architecture can potentially impact the performance of an application, because data has to be passed between the different layers. This can be especially problematic if the application has a large number of layers or if the layers are not optimized for performance.\n    \n*   Tight coupling: If the layers in a layered architecture are not well-defined and loosely coupled, changes to one layer can potentially affect other layers, which can lead to maintainability issues.\n    \n*   Overhead: Layered architecture can add overhead to an application, because data has to be passed between the different layers. This can potentially impact the performance and scalability of the application.\n    \n\nOverall, while layered architecture has many benefits, it is important to carefully consider the potential drawbacks and make sure that the benefits outweigh the costs in your specific application.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "j7OP6RD_IAU6HsyiGaynx": {
+    "title": "Distributed Systems",
+    "description": "Visit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Free Distributed Systems book from Maarten van Steen",
+        "url": "https://www.distributed-systems.net/index.php/books/ds3/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Architecture",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/architecture?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "6uvmMgvOwGyuLC5TOhjFu": {
+    "title": "Service Oriented",
+    "description": "Service-oriented architecture (SOA) is an enterprise-wide approach to software development of application components that takes advantage of reusable software components, or services.\n\nSOA provides four different service types:\n\n1.  Functional services (i.e., business services), which are critical for business applications.\n2.  Enterprise services, which serve to implement functionality.\n3.  Application services, which are used to develop and deploy apps.\n4.  Infrastructure services, which are instrumental for backend processes like security and authentication.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "SOA Architecture By AWS",
+        "url": "https://aws.amazon.com/what-is/service-oriented-architecture/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "IzFTn5-tQuF_Z0cG_w6CW": {
+    "title": "Security",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "7tBAD0ox9hTK4D483GTRo": {
+    "title": "Hashing Algorithms",
+    "description": "Hashing algorithms are used to generate a unique value for a given input. This value is called a hash. Hashing algorithms are used to verify the integrity of data, to store passwords, and to generate unique identifiers for data.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Algorithms",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/algorithms?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Hashing Algorithms and Security - Computerphile",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b4b8ktEV4Bg",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Top Hashing Algorithms In Cryptography | MD5 and SHA 256 Algorithms Expalined | Simplilearn",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Plp4F3ZfC7A",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "SHA: Secure Hashing Algorithm - Computerphile",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DMtFhACPnTY",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "OpL2EqvHbUmFgnpuhtZPr": {
+    "title": "PKI",
+    "description": "A public key infrastructure (PKI) is a set of roles, policies, hardware, software, and procedures to create, manage, distribute, use, store and revoke digital certificates and public-key encryption. The purpose of a PKI is to facilitate the secure electronic transfer of information for a range of network activities such as e-commerce, internet banking, and confidential email. It is required for activities where simple passwords are an inadequate authentication method, and the more rigorous proof is required to confirm the identity of the parties involved in the communication and to validate the information being transferred.\n\n### Components of PKI\n\n*   **Digital certificates:** digital \"identities\" issued by trusted third parties, that identify users and machines. They may be securely stored in wallets or in directories.\n*   **Public and private keys:** form the basis of a PKI for secure communications, based on a secret private key and a mathematically related public key\n*   **Secure sockets layer (SSL):** An Internet-standard secure protocol\n*   **Certificate Authority (CA):** acts as a trusted, independent provider of digital certificates\n\n### What is PKI used for?\n\n*   Providing a recovery key for an encrypted hard drive\n*   Securing internal communications with database servers\n*   Signing documents\n*   Securing local networks: PKI capacities are built into Microsoft's Active Directory, for instance, and can work with physical keycards that store digital certificates to ensure that users are who they say they are.\n*   Secure messaging: the Signal protocol uses PKI, for instance\n*   Email Encryption\n*   Securing access to internet of things (IoT) devices\n\n### Advantages of the PKI Approach\n\n*   PKI is a standards-based technology.\n*   It allows the choice of trust provider.\n*   It is highly scalable. Users maintain their own certificates, and certificate authentication only involves the data exchange between the client and server. This means that no third-party authentication server needs to be online. There is, thus, no limit to the number of users who can be supported using PKI.\n*   PKI allows delegated trust. A user who has obtained a certificate from a recognized and trusted certificate authority can authenticate himself to a server the first time he connects to that server without having previously been registered with the system.\n*   Although PKI is not notably a single sign-on service, it can be implemented in such a way as to enable single sign-on.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "KhqUK-7jdClu9M2Pq7x--": {
+    "title": "OWASP",
+    "description": "OWASP or Open Web Application Security Project is an online community that produces freely-available articles, methodologies, documentation, tools, and technologies in the field of web application security.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "OWASP Web Application Security Testing Checklist",
+        "url": "https://github.com/0xRadi/OWASP-Web-Checklist",
+        "type": "opensource"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Wikipedia - OWASP",
+        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OWASP",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "OWASP Top 10 Security Risks",
+        "url": "https://sucuri.net/guides/owasp-top-10-security-vulnerabilities-2021/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "OWASP Cheatsheets",
+        "url": "https://cheatsheetseries.owasp.org/cheatsheets/AJAX_Security_Cheat_Sheet.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "KiwFXB6yd0go30zAFMTJt": {
+    "title": "Auth Strategies",
+    "description": "Visit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "JSON Web Token - Handbook",
+        "url": "https://auth0.com/resources/ebooks/jwt-handbook",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "SAML Overview",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i8wFExDSZv0",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "A Devlopers Guide to SAML",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l-6QSEqDJPo",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "SAML 2.0: Technical Overview",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SvppXbpv-5k",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "An Illustrated Guide to OAuth and OpenID Connect",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t18YB3xDfXI",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "OAuth 2.0 & OpenID Connect (OIDC): Technical Overview",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rTzlF-U9Y6Y",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "YCJYRA3b-YSm8vKmGUFk5": {
+    "title": "Working with Data",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "92GG4IRZ3FijumC94aL-T": {
+    "title": "Hadoop, Spark, MapReduce",
+    "description": "[Apache Spark](https://spark.apache.org/) is a data processing framework that can quickly perform processing tasks on very large data sets, and can also distribute data processing tasks across multiple computers, either on its own or in tandem with other distributed computing tools.\n\nHadoop MapReduce is a software framework for easily writing applications which process vast amounts of data (multi-terabyte data-sets) in-parallel on large clusters (thousands of nodes) of commodity hardware in a reliable, fault-tolerant manner.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Spark vs Hadoop MapReduce",
+        "url": "https://www.integrate.io/blog/apache-spark-vs-hadoop-mapreduce",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Apache Spark",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/spark?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Hadoop explained in 5 minutes",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aReuLtY0YMI",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "JUFE4OQhnXOt1J_MG-Sjf": {
+    "title": "ETL, Datawarehouses",
+    "description": "In the world of data warehousing, if you need to bring data from multiple different data sources into one, centralized database, you must first:\n\n*   **EXTRACT** data from its original source\n*   **TRANSFORM** data by deduplicating it, combining it, and ensuring quality, to then\n*   **LOAD** data into the target database\n\nETL tools enable data integration strategies by allowing companies to gather data from multiple data sources and consolidate it into a single, centralized location. ETL tools also make it possible for different types of data to work together.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is ETL?",
+        "url": "https://www.snowflake.com/guides/what-etl",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about ETL",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/etl?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "ETL explained",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OW5OgsLpDCQ",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "n5AcBt_u8qtTe3PP9svPZ": {
+    "title": "SQL Databases",
+    "description": "SQL stands for Structured Query Language. It's used for relational databases. A SQL database is a collection of tables that stores a specific set of structured data.\n\nExamples of SQL Databases\n\n*   MariaDB and MySQL\n*   PostgreSQL\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "SQL Databases",
+        "url": "https://www.openlogic.com/blog/what-sql-database",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about SQL",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/sql?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "57liQPaPyVpE-mdLnsbi0": {
+    "title": "NoSQL Databases",
+    "description": "NoSQL databases (aka \"not only SQL\") are non-tabular databases and store data differently than relational tables. NoSQL databases come in a variety of types based on their data model. The main types are document, key-value, wide-column, and graph. They provide flexible schemas and scale easily with large amounts of data and high user loads.\n\nTypes of NoSQL databases\n\n*   Document databases Ex. MongoDB\n*   Key-value databases Ex. Redis\n*   Wide-column databases Ex. Cassandra\n*   Graph databases Ex. Neo4J\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "NoSQL Databases",
+        "url": "https://www.mongodb.com/nosql-explained",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about NoSQL",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/nosql?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "a0baFv7hVWZGvS5VLh5ig": {
+    "title": "Apache Spark",
+    "description": "Apache Spark is a multi-language engine for executing data engineering, data science, and machine learning on single-node machines or clusters.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Official Website",
+        "url": "https://spark.apache.org/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Apache",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/apache?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "I_VjjmMK52_tS8qjQUspN": {
+    "title": "Hadoop",
+    "description": "The Apache Hadoop software library is a framework that allows for the distributed processing of large data sets across clusters of computers using simple programming models.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Official Website",
+        "url": "https://hadoop.apache.org/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Apache Hadoop",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/apache-hadoop?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "B5YtP8C1A0jB3MOdg0c_q": {
+    "title": "Datawarehouse Principles",
+    "description": "It is based on the assumption that every system should take care of a concern in a way that such concern should be encapsulated by the system itself.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Toptal Developers Website",
+        "url": "https://www.toptal.com/data-science/data-warehouse-concepts-principles",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "Ocn7-ctpnl71ZCZ_uV-uD": {
+    "title": "APIs & Integrations",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "priDGksAvJ05YzakkTFtM": {
+    "title": "gRPC",
+    "description": "gRPC is a platform agnostic serialization protocol that is used to communicate between services. Designed by Google in 2015, it is a modern alternative to REST APIs. It is a binary protocol that uses HTTP/2 as a transport layer. It is a high performance, open source, general-purpose RPC framework that puts mobile and HTTP/2 first.\n\nIt's main use case is for communication between two different languages within the same application. You can use Python to communicate with Go, or Java to communicate with C#.\n\ngRPC uses the protocol buffer language to define the structure of the data that is\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "gRPC Website",
+        "url": "https://grpc.io/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "gRPC Introduction",
+        "url": "https://grpc.io/docs/what-is-grpc/introduction/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "gRPC Core Concepts",
+        "url": "https://grpc.io/docs/what-is-grpc/core-concepts/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about gRPC",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/grpc?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Stephane Maarek - gRPC Introduction",
+        "url": "https://youtu.be/XRXTsQwyZSU",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "fELnBA0eOoE-d9rSmDJ8l": {
+    "title": "ESB, SOAP",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "Sp3FdPT4F9YnTGvlE_vyq": {
+    "title": "GraphQL",
+    "description": "GraphQL is a query language for APIs and a runtime for fulfilling those queries with your existing data. GraphQL provides a complete and understandable description of the data in your API, gives clients the power to ask for exactly what they need and nothing more, makes it easier to evolve APIs over time, and enables powerful developer tools.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Apollo GraphQL Tutorials",
+        "url": "https://www.apollographql.com/tutorials/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about GraphQL",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/graphql?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "Ss43xwK1ydEToj6XmmCt7": {
+    "title": "REST",
+    "description": "REST, or REpresentational State Transfer, is an architectural style for providing standards between computer systems on the web, making it easier for systems to communicate with each other.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is a REST API?",
+        "url": "https://www.redhat.com/en/topics/api/what-is-a-rest-api",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Roy Fieldings dissertation chapter, Representational State Transfer (REST)",
+        "url": "https://www.ics.uci.edu/~fielding/pubs/dissertation/rest_arch_style.htm",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Learn REST: A RESTful Tutorial",
+        "url": "https://restapitutorial.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about REST API",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/rest-api?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "DwNda95-fE7LWnDA6u1LU": {
+    "title": "BPM, BPEL",
+    "description": "BPM: Business Process Management\n--------------------------------\n\nMedium or large enterprises needs robust processes to streamline their business needs by reducing the cost incurred per process and diminishing the turn around time for each activity. To achieve the above, there are various BPM tools like PEGA, IBM BPM, Appian, etc. Basically these tools automate the processes through a robust process modelling and implementation.\n\nBPMN: Business Process Management Notations\n-------------------------------------------\n\nIts is a standard for representing business processes graphically. While modelling the process, the notations used are complied with BPMN (there are other like EPC, etc.). So BPMN is a standard notation that BPM consultants follow to model the business process. BPMN has versions and now BPMN 2.0 is the standard one.\n\nBPEL : Business Process Execution Language\n------------------------------------------\n\nProgrammers use BPEL to define how a business process that involves web services will be executed. BPEL messages are typically used to invoke remote services, orchestrate process execution and manage events and exceptions. BPEL is often associated with Business Process Management Notation. In many organizations, analysts use BPMN to visualize business processes and developers transform the visualizations to BPEL for execution.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is BPM?",
+        "url": "https://www.redhat.com/en/topics/automation/what-is-business-process-management",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "BPEL described",
+        "url": "https://www.ibm.com/docs/en/baw/19.x?topic=SS8JB4_19.x/com.ibm.wbpm.wid.main.doc/prodoverview/topics/cbpelproc.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "BPM vs BPEL",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V6nr5dnb1JQ",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "4NVdEbmpQVHpBc7582S6E": {
+    "title": "Messaging Queues",
+    "description": "Message queuing makes it possible for applications to communicate asynchronously, by sending messages to each other via a queue. A message queue provides temporary storage between the sender and the receiver so that the sender can keep operating without interruption when the destination program is busy or not connected.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Messaging Queues",
+        "url": "https://aws.amazon.com/message-queue/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Messaging Queues Tutorial",
+        "url": "https://www.tutorialspoint.com/inter_process_communication/inter_process_communication_message_queues.htm",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "j9Y2YbBKi3clO_sZ2L_hQ": {
+    "title": "Web, Mobile",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "functional-programming@6FDGecsHbqY-cm32yTZJa.md": {
+    "title": "Functional Programming",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "mCiYCbKIOVU34qil_q7Hg": {
+    "title": "React, Vue, Angular",
+    "description": "React is the most popular front-end JavaScript library for building user interfaces. React can also render on the server using Node and power mobile apps using React Native.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Visit Dedicated React Roadmap",
+        "url": "/react",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "React Website",
+        "url": "https://reactjs.org/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Official Getting Started",
+        "url": "https://reactjs.org/tutorial/tutorial.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Beta React Docs",
+        "url": "https://reactjs.org/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Vue.js Website",
+        "url": "https://vuejs.org/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Official Getting Started",
+        "url": "https://vuejs.org/v2/guide/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Official - Getting started with Angular",
+        "url": "https://angular.io/start",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Angular",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/angular?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "React JS Course for Beginners",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nTeuhbP7wdE",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "React Course - Beginners Tutorial for React JavaScript Library [2022]",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bMknfKXIFA8",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Understanding Reacts UI Rendering Process",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i793Qm6kv3U",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Vue.js Course for Beginners",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FXpIoQ_rT_c",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Vue.js Crash Course",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qZXt1Aom3Cs",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "ulwgDCQi_BYx5lmll7pzU": {
+    "title": "SPA, SSR, SSG",
+    "description": "*   **SPA**: A single page application loads only a single web document from the server and then updates the content of that document on demand via `Javascript APIs` without reloading the entire document. React, Vue, Angular are the top frameworks used to create single page applications.\n*   **SSR**: This technique uses a server like `Node.js` to fully render the web document upon the receival of a request and then send it back to the client. This way the user get an interactive document with all the necessary information without having to wait for any JavaScript or CSS files to load.\n*   **SSG**: Static site generation renders the web document in the server(like SSR), however the page is rendered at **build time**. So, instead of rendering the page on the server upon the receival of a request, the page is already rendered in the server, waiting to be served to the client.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Web design patterns — SSR, SSG, and SPA",
+        "url": "https://medium.com/codex/web-design-patterns-ssr-ssg-and-spa-fadad7673dfe",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Rendering on the Web",
+        "url": "https://web.dev/rendering-on-the-web/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Web Development",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/webdev?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "vpko5Kyf6BZ5MHpxXOKaf": {
+    "title": "Microfrontends",
+    "description": "Microfrontends is an architectural style where independently deliverable frontend applications built by different teams using different technologies are composed into a greater whole. Simply, a Micro-Frontend is a portion of a webpage (not the entire page). There is a “Host” or a “Container” page in the Micro-Frontend Architecture page that can host one or more Micro-Frontends.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Micro Frontends",
+        "url": "https://micro-frontends.org/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Web Development",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/webdev?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Micro-Frontends Course - Beginner to Expert",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lKKsjpH09dU",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "s0RvufK2PLMXtlsn2KAUN": {
+    "title": "W3C and WHATWG",
+    "description": "World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) standards define the best practices for web development to enable developers to build rich interactive experiences that are available on any device. Theses standards range from recommended web technologies such as HTML, CSS, XML to the generally accepted principles of web architecture, semantics and services.\n\nWeb Hypertext Application Technology Working Group (WHATWG) is another set of web standards that came into existence after W3C announced that it was going to be focusing on XHTML over HTML.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "W3C Standards",
+        "url": "https://www.w3.org/standards/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "WHATWG Standards",
+        "url": "https://spec.whatwg.org/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "C0g_kQFlte5siHMHwlHQb": {
+    "title": "Reactive Programming",
+    "description": "Reactive programming describes a design paradigm that relies on asynchronous programming logic to handle real-time updates to otherwise static content. It provides an efficient means -- the use of automated data streams -- to handle data updates to content whenever a user makes an inquiry.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is Reactive Programming?",
+        "url": "https://www.techtarget.com/searchapparchitecture/definition/reactive-programming",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "hjlkxYZS7Zf9En3IUS-Wm": {
+    "title": "Frameworks",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "LQlzVxUxM3haWRwbhYHKY": {
+    "title": "BABOK",
+    "description": "The guide to the Business Analysis Body of Knowledge (BABOK Guide) is a book from the International Institute of Business Analysis (IIBA) that provides business analysts (BAs) with strategies for using data to improve an organization's workflow processes, technology, products and services.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Official Website",
+        "url": "https://www.iiba.org/career-resources/a-business-analysis-professionals-foundation-for-success/babok/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Wikipedia",
+        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Guide_to_the_Business_Analysis_Body_of_Knowledge",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "wFu9VO48EYbIQrsM8YUCj": {
+    "title": "IAF",
+    "description": "The Integrated Architecture Framework (IAF) is an enterprise architecture framework that covers business, information, information system and technology infrastructure.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Official PDF",
+        "url": "https://www.capgemini.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/architecture-for-the-information-age.pdf",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Wikipedia",
+        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrated_Architecture_Framework",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "8FTKnAKNL9LnZBrw9YXqK": {
+    "title": "UML",
+    "description": "The Unified Modeling Language, or UML, is a modeling language that is intended to provide a standard way to visualize and describe the design of a system.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "UML Website",
+        "url": "https://www.uml.org",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "The Unified Modeling Language Reference Manual (Second Edition)",
+        "url": "https://personal.utdallas.edu/~chung/Fujitsu/UML_2.0/Rumbaugh--UML_2.0_Reference_CD.pdf",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "IBM Docs",
+        "url": "https://www.ibm.com/docs/en/rational-soft-arch/9.6.1?topic=files-uml-pattern-frameworks",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Wikipedia",
+        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unified_Modeling_Language",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "5TDTU22Fla2mRr6JeOcaY": {
+    "title": "TOGAF",
+    "description": "The TOGAF content framework provides a detailed model of architectural work products, including deliverables, artifacts within deliverables, and the architectural building blocks that artifacts represent.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Official Website",
+        "url": "https://www.opengroup.org/togaf",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Wikipedia",
+        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Open_Group_Architecture_Framework",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "UyIwiIiKaa6LTQaqzbCam": {
+    "title": "Management",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "hRug9yJKYacB9X_2cUalR": {
+    "title": "PMI",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "Rq1Wi-cHjS54SYo-Btp-e": {
+    "title": "ITIL",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "SJ5lrlvyXgtAwOx4wvT2W": {
+    "title": "Prince2",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "7rudOREGG-TTkCosU0hNw": {
+    "title": "RUP",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "qwpsGRFgzAYstM7bJA2ZJ": {
+    "title": "LeSS",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "Bg7ru1q1j6pNB43HGxnHT": {
+    "title": "SaFE",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "O7H6dt3Z7EKohxfJzwbPM": {
+    "title": "Kanban",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "PKqwKvoffm0unwcFwpojk": {
+    "title": "Scrum",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "7fL9lSu4BD1wRjnZy9tM9": {
+    "title": "XP",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "cBWJ6Duw99tSKr7U6OW3A": {
+    "title": "Networks",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "Mt5W1IvuHevNXVRlh7z26": {
+    "title": "OSI",
+    "description": "The OSI and TCP/IP model is used to help the developer to design their system for interoperability. The OSI model has 7 layers while the TCP/IP model has a more summarized form of the OSI model only consisting 4 layers. This is important if you're are trying to design a system to communicate with other systems.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Cloudflare - What is the OSI model",
+        "url": "https://www.cloudflare.com/learning/ddos/glossary/open-systems-interconnection-model-osi/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "UCCT7-E_QUKPg3jAsjobx": {
+    "title": "TCP/IP Model",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "Nq6o6Ty8VyNRsvg-UWp7D": {
+    "title": "HTTP, HTTPS",
+    "description": "HTTP is the `TCP/IP` based application layer communication protocol which standardizes how the client and server communicate with each other. It defines how the content is requested and transmitted across the internet.\n\nHTTPS (**H**ypertext **T**ransfer **P**rotocol **S**ecure) is the secure version of HTTP, which is the primary protocol used to send data between a web browser and a website.\n\n`HTTPS = HTTP + SSL/TLS`\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Everything you need to know about HTTP",
+        "url": "https://cs.fyi/guide/http-in-depth",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is HTTP?",
+        "url": "https://www.cloudflare.com/en-gb/learning/ddos/glossary/hypertext-transfer-protocol-http/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "An overview of HTTP",
+        "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Overview",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "HTTP/3 From A To Z: Core Concepts",
+        "url": "https://www.smashingmagazine.com/2021/08/http3-core-concepts-part1/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is HTTPS?",
+        "url": "https://www.cloudflare.com/en-gb/learning/ssl/what-is-https/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Why HTTPS Matters",
+        "url": "https://developers.google.com/web/fundamentals/security/encrypt-in-transit/why-https",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Enabling HTTPS on Your Servers",
+        "url": "https://developers.google.com/web/fundamentals/security/encrypt-in-transit/enable-https",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "HTTP Crash Course & Exploration",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iYM2zFP3Zn0",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "6_EOmU5GYGDGzmNoLY8cB": {
+    "title": "Proxies",
+    "description": "In computer networking, a proxy server is a server application that acts as an intermediary between a client requesting a resource and the server providing that resource.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "Hqk_GGsFi14SI5fgPSoGV": {
+    "title": "Firewalls",
+    "description": "A Firewall is a network security device that monitors and filters incoming and outgoing network traffic based on an organization's previously established security policies.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "EdJhuNhMSWjeVxGW-RZtL": {
+    "title": "Operations Knowledge",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "igf9yp1lRdAlN5gyQ8HHC": {
+    "title": "Infrastructure as Code",
+    "description": "Sometimes referred to as IaC, this section refers to the techniques and tools used to define infrastructure, typically in a markup language like YAML or JSON. Infrastructure as code allows DevOps Engineers to use the same workflows used by software developers to version, roll back, and otherwise manage changes.\n\nThe term Infrastructure as Code encompasses everything from bootstrapping to configuration to orchestration, and it is considered a best practice in the industry to manage all infrastructure as code. This technique precipitated the explosion in system complexity seen in modern DevOps organizations.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "GUIs, CLI, APIs: Learn Basic Terms of Infrastructure-as-Code",
+        "url": "https://thenewstack.io/guis-cli-apis-learn-basic-terms-of-infrastructure-as-code/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is infrastructure as code",
+        "url": "https://www.redhat.com/en/topics/automation/what-is-infrastructure-as-code-iac",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Infrastructure",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/infrastructure?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is Infrastructure as Code?",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zWw2wuiKd5o",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is Infrastructure as Code? Difference of Infrastructure as Code Tools",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=POPP2WTJ8es",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Video introduction to infrastructure as code",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zWw2wuiKd5o",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "C0rKd5Rr27Z1_GleoEZxF": {
+    "title": "Cloud Providers",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "WoXoVwkSqXTP5U8HtyJOL": {
+    "title": "Serverless Concepts",
+    "description": "Serverless is a cloud-native development model that allows developers to build and run applications without having to manage servers.\n\nThere are still servers in serverless, but they are abstracted away from app development. A cloud provider handles the routine work of provisioning, maintaining, and scaling the server infrastructure. Developers can simply package their code in containers for deployment.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is serverless?",
+        "url": "https://www.redhat.com/en/topics/cloud-native-apps/what-is-serverless",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is serverless computing?",
+        "url": "https://www.cloudflare.com/learning/serverless/what-is-serverless/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Serverless on AWS",
+        "url": "https://aws.amazon.com/serverless/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Serverless",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/serverless?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "XnvlRrOhdoMsiGwGEhBro": {
+    "title": "Linux / Unix",
+    "description": "Knowledge of UNIX is a must for almost all kind of development as most of the codes that you write is most likely going to be finally deployed on a UNIX/Linux machine. Linux has been the backbone of the free and open source software movement, providing a simple and elegant operating system for almost all your needs.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Coursera - Unix Courses",
+        "url": "https://www.coursera.org/courses?query=unix",
+        "type": "course"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Linux Basics ",
+        "url": "https://dev.to/rudrakshi99/linux-basics-2onj",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Unix / Linux Tutorial",
+        "url": "https://www.tutorialspoint.com/unix/index.htm",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Linux",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/linux?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Linux Operating System - Crash Course",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ROjZy1WbCIA",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "OErbfM-H3laFm47GCHNPI": {
+    "title": "Service Mesh",
+    "description": "A Service Mesh is a dedicated infrastructure layer for handling service-to-service communication. It’s responsible for the reliable delivery of requests through the complex topology of services that comprise a modern, cloud native application. In layman's terms, it's a tool which helps you to control how different services communicate with each other.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Red Hat - What is a Service Mesh?",
+        "url": "https://www.redhat.com/en/topics/microservices/what-is-a-service-mesh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Kubernetes Service Mesh - Blog Post",
+        "url": "https://platform9.com/blog/kubernetes-service-mesh-a-comparison-of-istio-linkerd-and-consul/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Service Mesh",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/service-mesh?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Service Mesh explained in 15 Minutes",
+        "url": "https://youtu.be/16fgzklcF7Y",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "isavRe4ANVn77ZX6gNSLH": {
+    "title": "CI / CD",
+    "description": "CI/CD is a method to frequently deliver apps to customers by introducing automation into the stages of app development. The main concepts attributed to CI/CD are continuous integration, continuous delivery, and continuous deployment. CI/CD is a solution to the problems integrating new code can cause for development and operations teams (AKA \"integration hell\").\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is CI/CD?",
+        "url": "https://www.redhat.com/en/topics/devops/what-is-ci-cd",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is CI/CD? Continuous integration and continuous delivery explained",
+        "url": "https://www.infoworld.com/article/3271126/what-is-cicd-continuous-integration-and-continuous-delivery-explained.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about CI/CD",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/cicd?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "l3oeo65FyV5HHvw5n_1wa": {
+    "title": "Containers",
+    "description": "Containers are a construct in which [cgroups](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cgroups), [namespaces](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux_namespaces), and [chroot](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chroot) are used to fully encapsulate and isolate a process. This encapsulated process, called a container image, shares the kernel of the host with other containers, allowing containers to be significantly smaller and faster than virtual machines.\n\nThese images are designed for portability, allowing for full local testing of a static image, and easy deployment to a container management platform.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What are Containers?",
+        "url": "https://cloud.google.com/learn/what-are-containers",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is a Container?",
+        "url": "https://www.docker.com/resources/what-container/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Articles about Containers - The New Stack",
+        "url": "https://thenewstack.io/category/containers/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Containers",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/containers?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What are Containers?",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLawsLZMfND4nz-WDBZIj8-nbzGFD4S9oz",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "CxceVdaNCyKDhs0huDtcL": {
+    "title": "Cloud Design Patterns",
+    "description": "These design patterns are useful for building reliable, scalable, secure applications in the cloud.\n\nThe link below has cloud design patterns where each pattern describes the problem that the pattern addresses, considerations for applying the pattern, and an example based on Microsoft Azure. Most patterns include code samples or snippets that show how to implement the pattern on Azure. However, most patterns are relevant to any distributed system, whether hosted on Azure or other cloud platforms.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Cloud Design Patterns",
+        "url": "https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/architecture/patterns/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Cloud",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/cloud?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "8yALyPVUZPtd7LX3GrO1e": {
+    "title": "Enterprise Software",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "gdtI0H_PzzTj_aFQn_NeA": {
+    "title": "MS Dynamics",
+    "description": "Microsoft Dynamics 365 is a combination of both Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) software and Customer Relationship Management (CRM) software.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Everything you ever wanted to know about Microsoft Dynamics",
+        "url": "https://www.nigelfrank.com/insights/everything-you-ever-wanted-to-know-about-dynamics-crm",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is Microsoft Dynamics?",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ogfclHWgqgE",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "TxWAznp1tUtZ1MvThf9M1": {
+    "title": "SAP ERP, HANA, Business Objects",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "YfYviOXqGVp9C6DuhqBrn": {
+    "title": "EMC DMS",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "5EVecZmvor09LjD7WR_Y9": {
+    "title": "IBM BPM",
+    "description": "IBM BPM is a comprehensive business process management platform. It provides a robust set of tools to author, test, and deploy business processes, as well as full visibility and insight to managing those business processes.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "BPM overview",
+        "url": "https://www.ibm.com/docs/en/bpm/8.5.5?topic=manager-business-process-overview",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about IBM",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/ibm?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "BPM Demo",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6yn4nCWMNLI",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "mOXyzdNn8W-9R99ffcnor": {
+    "title": "Salesforce",
+    "description": "Salesforce is a cloud platform helping companies to manage relationships with their customers\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is Salesforce and what is it used for?",
+        "url": "https://ascendix.com/blog/what-is-salesforce-what-salesforce-is-used-for/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Salesforce",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/salesforce?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is Salesforce?",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xx2sK-QiBjw",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "b6lCGw82qKpUmsxe1r1f5": {
+    "title": "Microservices",
+    "description": "Microservice architecture is a pattern in which highly cohesive, loosely coupled services are separately developed, maintained, and deployed. Each component handles an individual function, and when combined, the application handles an overall business function.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Pattern: Microservice Architecture",
+        "url": "https://microservices.io/patterns/microservices.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is Microservices?",
+        "url": "https://smartbear.com/solutions/microservices/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Microservices 101",
+        "url": "https://thenewstack.io/microservices-101/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Primer: Microservices Explained",
+        "url": "https://thenewstack.io/primer-microservices-explained/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Articles about Microservices",
+        "url": "https://thenewstack.io/category/microservices/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Microservices",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/microservices?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/public/roadmap-content/sql.json b/public/roadmap-content/sql.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6d7268668
--- /dev/null
+++ b/public/roadmap-content/sql.json
@@ -0,0 +1,1039 @@
+{
+  "R9DQNc0AyAQ2HLpP4HOk6": {
+    "title": "What are Relational Databases?",
+    "description": "A **relational database** is a type of database that stores and organizes data in a structured way. It uses a structure that allows data to be identified and accessed in relation to other data in the database. Data in a relational database is stored in various data tables, each of which has a unique key identifying every row.\n\nRelational databases are made up of a set of tables with data that fits into a predefined category. Each table has at least one data category in a column, and each row contains a certain data instance for the categories defined in the columns.\n\nFor example, consider an 'Employees' table:\n\nEmployeeId\n\nFirstName\n\nLastName\n\nEmail\n\n1\n\nJohn\n\nDoe\n\n[john.doe@example.com](mailto:john.doe@example.com)\n\n2\n\nJane\n\nDoe\n\n[jane.doe@example.com](mailto:jane.doe@example.com)\n\n3\n\nBob\n\nSmith\n\n[bob.smith@example.com](mailto:bob.smith@example.com)\n\nIn this table, 'EmployeeId', 'FirstName', 'LastName' and 'Email' are categories, and each row represents a specific employee.\n\nRelationships\n-------------\n\nThe term \"relational database\" comes from the concept of a relation—a set of tuples that the database organizes into rows and columns. Each row in a table represents a relationship among a set of values.\n\nRelational databases use `keys` to create links between tables. A `primary key` is a unique identifier for a row of data. A `foreign key` is a column or combination of columns used to establish and enforce a link between the data in two tables.\n\nConsider an additional 'Orders' table:\n\nOrderId\n\nEmployeeId\n\nProduct\n\n1\n\n3\n\nApples\n\n2\n\n1\n\nBananas\n\n3\n\n2\n\nCherries\n\nIn the 'Orders' table, 'EmployeeId' serves as the foreign key creating a relationship between 'Orders' and 'Employees'. This allows queries that involve data in both tables, like \"Find all orders placed by John Doe\".\n\n    SELECT Orders.OrderId, Orders.Product, Employees.FirstName, Employees.LastName\n    FROM Orders\n    INNER JOIN Employees ON Orders.EmployeeId = Employees.EmployeeId;\n    \n\nThe above SQL code is an example of how to retrieve data from a relational database using a `JOIN` clause to combine rows from two or more tables.\n\nOverall, relational databases provide a powerful mechanism for defining relationships within data and enabling efficient data retrieval.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "fNTb9y3zs1HPYclAmu_Wv": {
+    "title": "RDBMS Benefits and Limitations",
+    "description": "Here are some of the benefits of using an RDBMS:\n\n*   **Structured Data**: RDBMS allows data storage in a structured way, using rows and columns in tables. This makes it easy to manipulate the data using SQL (Structured Query Language), ensuring efficient and flexible usage.\n    \n*   **ACID Properties**: ACID stands for Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, and Durability. These properties ensure reliable and safe data manipulation in a RDBMS, making it suitable for mission-critical applications.\n    \n*   **Normalization**: RDBMS supports data normalization, a process that organizes data in a way that reduces data redundancy and improves data integrity.\n    \n*   **Scalability**: RDBMSs generally provide good scalability options, allowing for the addition of more storage or computational resources as the data and workload grow.\n    \n*   **Data Integrity**: RDBMS provides mechanisms like constraints, primary keys, and foreign keys to enforce data integrity and consistency, ensuring that the data is accurate and reliable.\n    \n*   **Security**: RDBMSs offer various security features such as user authentication, access control, and data encryption to protect sensitive data.\n    \n\nHere are some of the limitations of using an RDBMS:\n\n*   **Complexity**: Setting up and managing an RDBMS can be complex, especially for large applications. It requires technical knowledge and skills to manage, tune, and optimize the database.\n    \n*   **Cost**: RDBMSs can be expensive, both in terms of licensing fees and the computational and storage resources they require.\n    \n*   **Fixed Schema**: RDBMS follows a rigid schema for data organization, which means any changes to the schema can be time-consuming and complicated.\n    \n*   **Handling of Unstructured Data**: RDBMSs are not suitable for handling unstructured data like multimedia files, social media posts, and sensor data, as their relational structure is optimized for structured data.\n    \n*   **Horizontal Scalability**: RDBMSs are not as easily horizontally scalable as NoSQL databases. Scaling horizontally, which involves adding more machines to the system, can be challenging in terms of cost and complexity.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "nhUKKWyBH80nyKfGT8ErC": {
+    "title": "Learn the Basics",
+    "description": "SQL, which stands for Structured Query Language, is a programming language that is used to communicate with and manage databases. SQL is a standard language for manipulating data held in relational database management systems (RDBMS), or for stream processing in a relational data stream management system (RDSMS). It was first developed in the 1970s by IBM.\n\nSQL consists of several components, each serving their own unique purpose in database communication:\n\n*   **Queries:** This is the component that allows you to retrieve data from a database. The SELECT statement is most commonly used for this purpose.\n*   **Data Definition Language (DDL):** It lets you to create, alter, or delete databases and their related objects like tables, views, etc. Commands include CREATE, ALTER, DROP, and TRUNCATE.\n*   **Data Manipulation Language (DML):** It lets you manage data within database objects. These commands include SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE.\n*   **Data Control Language (DCL):** It includes commands like GRANT and REVOKE, which primarily deal with rights, permissions and other control-level management tasks for the database system.\n\nSQL databases come in a number of forms, such as Oracle Database, Microsoft SQL Server, and MySQL. Despite their many differences, all SQL databases utilise the same language commands - SQL.\n\nLearn more about SQL from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "SQL Tutorial - Mode",
+        "url": "https://mode.com/sql-tutorial/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "SQL Tutorial",
+        "url": "https://www.sqltutorial.org/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "SQL Tutorial - W3Schools",
+        "url": "https://www.w3schools.com/sql/default.asp",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "gx4KaFqKgJX9n9_ZGMqlZ": {
+    "title": "SQL vs NoSQL Databases",
+    "description": "When discussing databases, it's essential to understand the difference between SQL and NoSQL databases, as each has its own set of advantages and limitations. In this section, we'll briefly compare and contrast the two, so you can determine which one suits your needs better.\n\nSQL Databases\n-------------\n\nSQL (Structured Query Language) databases are also known as relational databases. They have a predefined schema, and data is stored in tables consisting of rows and columns. SQL databases follow the ACID (Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability) properties to ensure reliable transactions. Some popular SQL databases include MySQL, PostgreSQL, and Microsoft SQL Server.\n\n**Advantages of SQL databases:**\n\n*   **Predefined schema**: Ideal for applications with a fixed structure.\n*   **ACID transactions**: Ensures data consistency and reliability.\n*   **Support for complex queries**: Rich SQL queries can handle complex data relationships and aggregation operations.\n*   **Scalability**: Vertical scaling by adding more resources to the server (e.g., RAM, CPU).\n\n**Limitations of SQL databases:**\n\n*   **Rigid schema**: Data structure updates are time-consuming and can lead to downtime.\n*   **Scaling**: Difficulties in horizontal scaling and sharding of data across multiple servers.\n*   **Not well-suited for hierarchical data**: Requires multiple tables and JOINs to model tree-like structures.\n\nNoSQL Databases\n---------------\n\nNoSQL (Not only SQL) databases refer to non-relational databases, which don't follow a fixed schema for data storage. Instead, they use a flexible and semi-structured format like JSON documents, key-value pairs, or graphs. MongoDB, Cassandra, Redis, and Couchbase are some popular NoSQL databases.\n\n**Advantages of NoSQL databases:**\n\n*   **Flexible schema**: Easily adapts to changes without disrupting the application.\n*   **Scalability**: Horizontal scaling by partitioning data across multiple servers (sharding).\n*   **Fast**: Designed for faster read and writes, often with a simpler query language.\n*   **Handling large volumes of data**: Better suited to managing big data and real-time applications.\n*   **Support for various data structures**: Different NoSQL databases cater to various needs, like document, graph, or key-value stores.\n\n**Limitations of NoSQL databases:**\n\n*   **Limited query capabilities**: Some NoSQL databases lack complex query and aggregation support or use specific query languages.\n*   **Weaker consistency**: Many NoSQL databases follow the BASE (Basically Available, Soft state, Eventual consistency) properties that provide weaker consistency guarantees than ACID-compliant databases.\n\nMongoDB: A NoSQL Database\n-------------------------\n\nThis guide focuses on MongoDB, a popular NoSQL database that uses a document-based data model. MongoDB has been designed with flexibility, performance, and scalability in mind. With its JSON-like data format (BSON) and powerful querying capabilities, MongoDB is an excellent choice for modern applications dealing with diverse and large-scale data.",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "SQL vs NoSQL: The Differences",
+        "url": "https://www.sitepoint.com/sql-vs-nosql-differences/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "SQL vs. NoSQL Databases: What’s the Difference?",
+        "url": "https://www.ibm.com/blog/sql-vs-nosql/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "NoSQL vs. SQL Databases",
+        "url": "https://www.mongodb.com/nosql-explained/nosql-vs-sql",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about NoSQL",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/nosql?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "JDDG4KfhtIlw1rkNCzUli": {
+    "title": "Basic SQL Syntax",
+    "description": "Basic SQL syntax consists of straightforward commands that allow users to interact with a relational database. The core commands include `SELECT` for querying data, `INSERT INTO` for adding new records, `UPDATE` for modifying existing data, and `DELETE` for removing records. Queries can be filtered using `WHERE`, sorted with `ORDER BY`, and data from multiple tables can be combined using `JOIN`. These commands form the foundation of SQL, enabling efficient data manipulation and retrieval within a database.\n\nLearn more about SQL from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "SQL Tutorial - Mode",
+        "url": "https://mode.com/sql-tutorial/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "SQL Tutorial",
+        "url": "https://www.sqltutorial.org/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "SQL Tutorial - W3Schools",
+        "url": "https://www.w3schools.com/sql/default.asp",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "6yoo7qC6X2jYDIjd3HIm7": {
+    "title": "SQL Keywords",
+    "description": "SQL employs a number of standard command keywords that are integral to interact with databases. Keywords in SQL provide instructions as to what action should be performed.\n\nHere are some of the primary SQL keywords:\n\n**SELECT**: This keyword retrieves data from a database. For example,\n\n    SELECT * FROM Customers;\n    \n\nIn the above statement `*` indicates that all records should be retrieved from the `Customers` table.\n\n**FROM**: Used in conjunction with `SELECT` to specify the table from which to fetch data.\n\n**WHERE**: Used to filter records. Incorporating a WHERE clause, you might specify conditions that must be met. For example,\n\n    SELECT * FROM Customers WHERE Country='Germany';\n    \n\n**INSERT INTO**: This command is used to insert new data into a database.\n\n    INSERT INTO Customers (CustomerID, CustomerName, ContactName, Address, City, PostalCode, Country)\n    VALUES ('Cardinal','Tom B. Erichsen','Skagen 21','Stavanger','4006','Norway');\n    \n\n**UPDATE**: This keyword updates existing data within a table. For example,\n\n    UPDATE Customers SET ContactName='Alfred Schmidt', City='Frankfurt' WHERE CustomerID=1;\n    \n\n**DELETE**: This command removes one or more records from a table. For example,\n\n    DELETE FROM Customers WHERE CustomerName='Alfreds Futterkiste';\n    \n\n**CREATE DATABASE**: As implied by its name, this keyword creates a new database.\n\n    CREATE DATABASE mydatabase;\n    \n\n**ALTER DATABASE**, **DROP DATABASE**, **CREATE TABLE**, **ALTER TABLE**, **DROP TABLE**: These keywords are used to modify databases and tables.\n\nRemember that SQL is not case sensitive, meaning keywords can be written in lower case. The convention is to write them in ALL CAPS for readability. There are many more keywords in SQL, but these are some of the most common.\n\nLearn more about SQL from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "SQL Tutorial - Mode",
+        "url": "https://mode.com/sql-tutorial/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "SQL Tutorial",
+        "url": "https://www.sqltutorial.org/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "SQL Tutorial - W3Schools",
+        "url": "https://www.w3schools.com/sql/default.asp",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "tBzMDfCMh6MIagNaxCzin": {
+    "title": "Data Types",
+    "description": "SQL data types define the kind of values that can be stored in a column and determine how the data is stored, processed, and retrieved. Common data types include numeric types (`INTEGER`, `DECIMAL`), character types (`CHAR`, `VARCHAR`), date and time types (`DATE`, `TIMESTAMP`), binary types (`BLOB`), and boolean types. Each database management system may have its own specific set of data types with slight variations. Choosing the appropriate data type for each column is crucial for optimizing storage, ensuring data integrity, and improving query performance.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "SQL Data Types",
+        "url": "https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/sql-data-types",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "ffwniprGJHZzJ7t3lQcXz": {
+    "title": "Operators",
+    "description": "SQL operators are used to perform operations like comparisons and arithmetic calculations. They are very crucial in forming queries. SQL operators are divided into the following types:\n\n1.  **Arithmetic Operators**: These are used to perform mathematical operations. Here is a list of these operators:\n    \n    *   `+` : Addition\n    *   `-` : Subtraction\n    *   `*` : Multiplication\n    *   `/` : Division\n    *   `%` : Modulus\n    \n    Example:\n    \n        SELECT product, price, (price * 0.18) as tax\n        FROM products;\n        \n    \n2.  **Comparison Operators**: These are used in the where clause to compare one expression with another. Some of these operators are:\n    \n    *   `=` : Equal\n    *   `!=` or `<>` : Not equal\n    *   `>` : Greater than\n    *   `<` : Less than\n    *   `>=`: Greater than or equal\n    *   `<=`: Less than or equal\n    \n    Example:\n    \n        SELECT name, age\n        FROM students\n        WHERE age > 18;\n        \n    \n3.  **Logical Operators**: They are used to combine the result set of two different component conditions. These include:\n    \n    *   `AND`: Returns true if both components are true.\n    *   `OR` : Returns true if any one of the component is true.\n    *   `NOT`: Returns the opposite boolean value of the condition.\n    \n    Example:\n    \n        SELECT * \n        FROM employees\n        WHERE salary > 50000 AND age < 30;\n        \n    \n4.  **Bitwise Operators**: These perform bit-level operations on the inputs. Here is a list of these operators:\n    \n    *   `&` : Bitwise AND\n    *   `|` : Bitwise OR\n    *   `^` : Bitwise XOR\n    \n    Bitwise operators are much less commonly used in SQL than the other types of operators.\n    \n\nRemember, the datatype of the result is dependent on the types of the operands.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "rmqXH29n1oXtZ8tvmcRFn": {
+    "title": "SELECT",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "mPj6BiK5FKKkIQ9WsWEo6": {
+    "title": "INSERT",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "eu9dJFi6gBPMBdy08Y5Bb": {
+    "title": "UPDATE",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "ddtVaA4Ls6qRj-7OtTSIH": {
+    "title": "DELETE",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "xPOeXK1EPBNG56vgfG-VV": {
+    "title": "Data Definition Language (DDL)",
+    "description": "Data Definition Language (DDL) is a subset of SQL used to define and manage the structure of database objects. DDL commands include `CREATE`, `ALTER`, `DROP`, and `TRUNCATE`, which are used to create, modify, delete, and empty database structures such as tables, indexes, views, and schemas. These commands allow database administrators and developers to define the database schema, set up relationships between tables, and manage the overall structure of the database. DDL statements typically result in immediate changes to the database structure and can affect existing data.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Data Definition Language (DDL)",
+        "url": "https://docs.getdbt.com/terms/ddl",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "K5vhqTJrdPK08Txv8zaEj": {
+    "title": "Truncate Table",
+    "description": "The `TRUNCATE TABLE` statement is a Data Definition Language (DDL) operation that is used to mark the extents of a table for deallocation (empty for reuse). The result of this operation quickly removes all data from a table, typically bypassing a number of integrity enforcing mechanisms intended to protect data (like triggers).\n\nIt effectively eliminates all records in a table, but not the table itself. Unlike the `DELETE` statement, `TRUNCATE TABLE` does not generate individual row delete statements, so the usual overhead for logging or locking does not apply.\n\nSyntax\n------\n\nIn SQL, the `TRUNCATE TABLE` statement is quite simple:\n\n    TRUNCATE TABLE table_name;\n    \n\nIn this command, \"table\\_name\" refers to the name of the table you wish to clear.\n\nExample\n-------\n\nIf you have a table named `Orders` and you want to delete all its records, you would use:\n\n    TRUNCATE TABLE Orders;\n    \n\nAfter executing this statement, the `Orders` table would still exist, but it would be empty.\n\nRemember, while `TRUNCATE TABLE` is faster and uses fewer system and transaction log resources than `DELETE`, it does not invoke triggers and cannot be rolled back, so use with caution.\n\nLimitations\n-----------\n\nTruncate preserves the structure of the table for future use. But you can't truncate a table that:\n\n*   Is referenced by a FOREIGN KEY constraint. (You can truncate a table that has a foreign key that references itself.)\n*   Participates in an indexed view.\n*   Is published by using transactional replication or merge replication.\n\nIf you try to truncate a table with a foreign key constraint, SQL Server will prevent you from doing so and you will have to use the `DELETE` statement instead.\n\nFor partitioned tables, `TRUNCATE TABLE` removes all rows from all partitions. The operation is not allowed if the table contains any LOB columns - `varchar(max), nvarchar(max), varbinary(max), text, ntext, image, xml`, or if the table contains any filestream columns or spatial geo, geography, geometry, and hierarchyid data type columns, or any columns of CLR user-defined data types.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "WjXlO42WL9saDS7RIGapt": {
+    "title": "Alter Table",
+    "description": "The `ALTER TABLE` statement in SQL is used to modify the structure of an existing table. This includes adding, dropping, or modifying columns, changing the data type of a column, setting default values, and adding or dropping primary or foreign keys.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "ALTER TABLE Statement",
+        "url": "https://www.techonthenet.com/sql/tables/alter_table.php",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "ALTER TABLE - PostgreSQL",
+        "url": "https://www.postgresqltutorial.com/postgresql-tutorial/postgresql-alter-table/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "epEpBxRosLhuAuKwp823r": {
+    "title": "Create Table",
+    "description": "`CREATE TABLE` is an SQL statement used to define and create a new table in a database. It specifies the table name, column names, data types, and optional constraints such as primary keys, foreign keys, and default values. This statement establishes the structure of the table, defining how data will be stored and organized within it. `CREATE TABLE` is a fundamental command in database management, essential for setting up the schema of a database and preparing it to store data.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "CREATE TABLE",
+        "url": "https://www.tutorialspoint.com/sql/sql-create-table.htm",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "YzJ6QmY2arMfRzMAPaI0T": {
+    "title": "Drop Table",
+    "description": "The `DROP TABLE` statement is a Data Definition Language (DDL) operation that is used to completely remove a table from the database. This operation deletes the table structure along with all the data in it, effectively removing the table from the database system.\n\nWhen you execute the `DROP TABLE` statement, it eliminates both the table and its data, as well as any associated indexes, constraints, and triggers. Unlike the `TRUNCATE TABLE` statement, which only removes data but keeps the table structure, `DROP TABLE` removes everything associated with the table.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "DROP TABLE",
+        "url": "https://www.w3schools.com/sql/sql_drop_table.asp",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "WMSXi-eez_hHGDM8kUdWz": {
+    "title": "Data Manipulation Language (DML)",
+    "description": "Data Manipulation Language (DML) is a subset of SQL used to manage data within database objects. It includes commands like `SELECT`, `INSERT`, `UPDATE`, and `DELETE`, which allow users to retrieve, add, modify, and remove data from tables. DML statements operate on the data itself rather than the database structure, enabling users to interact with the stored information. These commands are essential for day-to-day database operations, data analysis, and maintaining the accuracy and relevance of the data within a database system.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "i8u8E_sne6XiKJo2FXDog": {
+    "title": "Select",
+    "description": "The `SELECT` statement in SQL is majorly used for fetching data from the database. It is one of the most essential elements of SQL.\n\nSyntax\n------\n\nHere's how your `SELECT` command will look like:\n\n    SELECT column1, column2, ...\n    FROM table_name;\n    \n\nIf you want to select all the columns of a table, you can use `*` like this:\n\n    SELECT * FROM table_name;\n    \n\nExample\n-------\n\nFor instance, consider we have a table `EMPLOYEES` with columns `name`, `designation`, and `salary`. We can use `SELECT` in the following way:\n\n    SELECT name, designation FROM EMPLOYEES;\n    \n\nThis will retrieve all the names and designations of all employees from the table `EMPLOYEES`.\n\nSELECT DISTINCT\n---------------\n\nThe `SELECT DISTINCT` statement is used to return only distinct (different) values. The DISTINCT keyword eliminates duplicate records from the results.\n\nHere's how you can use it:\n\n    SELECT DISTINCT column1, column2, ...\n    FROM table_name;\n    \n\nFor example, if we want to select all unique designations from the `EMPLOYEES` table, the query will look like this:\n\n    SELECT DISTINCT designation FROM EMPLOYEES;\n    \n\nSELECT WHERE\n------------\n\n`SELECT` statement combined with `WHERE` gives us the ability to filter records based on a condition.\n\nSyntax:\n\n    SELECT column1, column2, ...\n    FROM table_name\n    WHERE condition;\n    \n\nFor example, to select employees with salary more than 50000, you can use this query:\n\n    SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEES WHERE salary > 50000;\n    \n\nSELECT ORDER BY\n---------------\n\nUsing `SELECT` statement in conjunction with `ORDER BY`, we can sort the result-set in ascending or descending order.\n\nSyntax:\n\n    SELECT column1, column2, ...\n    FROM table_name\n    ORDER BY column ASC|DESC;\n    \n\nFor example, to select all employees and order them by their name in ascending fashion:\n\n    SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEES ORDER BY name ASC;\n    \n\nRemember that the default sort order is ascending if the ASC|DESC parameter is not defined.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "N1Racr3ZpU320gS545We8": {
+    "title": "FROM",
+    "description": "The `FROM` clause in SQL specifies the tables from which the retrieval should be made. It is an integral part of `SELECT` statements and variants of `SELECT` like `SELECT INTO` and `SELECT WHERE`. `FROM` can be used to join tables as well.\n\nTypically, `FROM` is followed by space delimited list of tables in which the SELECT operation is to be executed. If you need to pull data from multiple tables, you would separate each table with a comma.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "SQL FROM Keyword",
+        "url": "https://www.w3schools.com/sql/sql_ref_from.asp",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "WhYAy6f7Euk3E49-ot644": {
+    "title": "WHERE",
+    "description": "SQL provides a WHERE clause that is basically used to filter the records. If the condition specified in the WHERE clause satisfies, then only it returns the specific value from the table. You should use the WHERE clause to filter the records and fetching only the necessary records.\n\nThe WHERE clause is not only used in SELECT statement, but it is also used in UPDATE, DELETE statement, etc., which we will learn in subsequent chapters.\n\nAn example of its implementation is:\n\n    SELECT * FROM Students WHERE Age>10;\n    \n\nIn this example, the statement selects all fields from the 'Students' table where the 'Age' field value is greater than 10.\n\nWHERE clause can be combined with AND, OR, and NOT operators. Here's an example:\n\n    SELECT * FROM Students WHERE Age > 10 AND Gender = 'Female';\n    \n\nIn this example, the statement selects all fields from 'Students' table where the 'Age' field value is greater than 10 and the 'Gender' is Female.\n\nThe syntax generally looks like this:\n\n    SELECT column1, column2, ...\n    FROM table_name\n    WHERE condition;",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "NfCiSPrL4upMssukcw3Kh": {
+    "title": "ORDER BY",
+    "description": "The `ORDER BY` clause in SQL is used to sort the result-set from a SELECT statement in ascending or descending order. It sorts the records in ascending order by default. If you want to sort the records in descending order, you have to use the `DESC` keyword.\n\nSyntax for Ascending Order:\n---------------------------\n\n    SELECT column1, column2, ...\n    FROM table_name\n    ORDER BY column1, column2, ... ASC;\n    \n\nHere, `ASC` is used for ascending order. If you use `ORDER BY` without `ASC` or `DESC`, `ASC` is used by default.\n\nSyntax for Descending Order:\n----------------------------\n\n    SELECT column1, column2, ...\n    FROM table_name\n    ORDER BY column1, column2, ... DESC;\n    \n\nHere, `DESC` is used for descending order.\n\nUsage Example\n-------------\n\nConsider the following `Customers` table:\n\nID\n\nNAME\n\nAGE\n\nADDRESS\n\nSALARY\n\n1\n\nRamesh\n\n32\n\nAhmedabad\n\n2000.0\n\n2\n\nKhilan\n\n25\n\nDelhi\n\n1500.0\n\n3\n\nkaushik\n\n23\n\nKota\n\n2000.0\n\n4\n\nChaitali\n\n25\n\nMumbai\n\n6500.0\n\n5\n\nHardik\n\n27\n\nBhopal\n\n8500.0\n\n6\n\nKomal\n\n22\n\nMP\n\n4500.0\n\n**Example 1 - Ascending Order:**\n\nSort the table by the `NAME` column in ascending order:\n\n    SELECT * FROM Customers\n    ORDER BY NAME ASC;\n    \n\n**Example 2 - Descending Order:**\n\nSort the table by the `SALARY` column in descending order:\n\n    SELECT * FROM Customers\n    ORDER BY SALARY DESC;\n    \n\n**Example 3 - Multiple Columns:**\n\nYou can also sort by multiple columns. Sort the table by the `AGE` column in ascending order and then `SALARY` in descending order:\n\n    SELECT * FROM Customers\n    ORDER BY AGE ASC, SALARY DESC;\n    \n\nIn this instance, the `ORDER BY` clause first sorts the `Customers` table by the `AGE` column and then sorts the sorted result further by the `SALARY` column.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "14TKE6KhrH1yFtHcSZSXq": {
+    "title": "GROUP BY",
+    "description": "`GROUP BY` is an SQL clause used in `SELECT` statements to arrange identical data into groups. It's typically used with aggregate functions (like `COUNT`, `SUM`, `AVG`) to perform calculations on each group of rows. `GROUP BY` collects data across multiple records and groups the results by one or more columns, allowing for analysis of data at a higher level of granularity. This clause is fundamental for generating summary reports, performing data analysis, and creating meaningful aggregations of data in relational databases.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "SQL GROUP BY",
+        "url": "https://www.programiz.com/sql/group-by",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "ytwCkSMTiTuemE0KVfAfy": {
+    "title": "HAVING",
+    "description": "`HAVING` is a clause in SQL that allows you to filter result sets in a `GROUP BY` clause. It is used to mention conditions on the groups being selected. In other words, `HAVING` is mainly used with the `GROUP BY` clause to filter the results that a `GROUP BY` returns.\n\nIt’s similar to a `WHERE` clause, but operates on the results of a grouping. The `WHERE` clause places conditions on the selected columns, whereas the `HAVING` clause places conditions on groups created by the `GROUP BY` clause.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "SQL HAVING Clause",
+        "url": "https://www.programiz.com/sql/having",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "4UQQYbjzwVxZOAxBuXKQS": {
+    "title": "JOINs",
+    "description": "SQL `JOINs` are clauses used to combine rows from two or more tables based on a related column between them. They allow retrieval of data from multiple tables in a single query, enabling complex data analysis and reporting. The main types of `JOINs` include `INNER JOIN` (returns matching rows from both tables), `LEFT JOIN` (returns all rows from the left table and matching rows from the right), `RIGHT JOIN` (opposite of `LEFT JOIN`), and `FULL JOIN` (returns all rows when there's a match in either table). `JOINs` are fundamental to relational database operations, facilitating data integration and exploration across related datasets.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "SQL JOINs Cheat Sheet",
+        "url": "https://www.datacamp.com/cheat-sheet/sql-joins-cheat-sheet",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "-Hew0y53ziZK3epQnGA0O": {
+    "title": "INSERT",
+    "description": "The \"INSERT\" statement is used to add new rows of data to a table in a database. There are two main forms of the INSERT command: `INSERT INTO` which, if columns are not named, expects a full set of columns, and `INSERT INTO table_name (column1, column2, ...)` where only named columns will be filled with data.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "SQL INSERT",
+        "url": "https://www.w3schools.com/sql/sql_insert.asp",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "KJJ6PYjTnr_3yU2mNPL9v": {
+    "title": "UPDATE",
+    "description": "The `UPDATE` command in SQL is used to modify the existing records in a table. This command is useful when you need to update existing data within a database.\n\nHere are important points to remember before updating records in SQL:\n\n*   The `WHERE` clause in the `UPDATE` statement specifies which records to modify. If you omit the `WHERE` clause, all records in the table will be updated!\n    \n*   Be careful when updating records in SQL. If you inadvertently run an `UPDATE` statement without a `WHERE` clause, you will rewrite all the data in the table.\n    \n\nSQL UPDATE Syntax\n-----------------\n\nHere is a basic syntax of SQL UPDATE command:\n\n    UPDATE table_name\n    SET column1 = value1, column2 = value2...., columnN = valueN\n    WHERE [condition];\n    \n\nIn this syntax:\n\n*   `table_name`: Specifies the table where you want to update records.\n*   `SET`: This keyword is used to set the column values.\n*   `column1, column2... columnN`: These are the columns of the table that you want to change.\n*   `value1, value2... valueN`: These are the new values that you want to assign for your columns.\n*   `WHERE`: This clause specifies which records need to be updated. It selects records based on one or more conditions.\n\nSQL UPDATE Example\n------------------\n\nLet's assume we have the following `Students` table:\n\nStudentID\n\nFirstName\n\nLastName\n\nAge\n\n1\n\nJohn\n\nDoe\n\n20\n\n2\n\nJane\n\nSmith\n\n22\n\n3\n\nBob\n\nJohnson\n\n23\n\nAnd we want to update the `Age` of the student with `StudentID` as 2. We can use the `UPDATE` command as follows:\n\n    UPDATE Students\n    SET Age = 23\n    WHERE StudentID = 2;\n    \n\nAfter executing the above SQL command, the `Age` of the student with `StudentID` 2 will be updated to 23.\n\nStudentID\n\nFirstName\n\nLastName\n\nAge\n\n1\n\nJohn\n\nDoe\n\n20\n\n2\n\nJane\n\nSmith\n\n23\n\n3\n\nBob\n\nJohnson\n\n23",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "zWnvuHJLHr03PWkrW1wZZ": {
+    "title": "DELETE",
+    "description": "DELETE is an SQL statement used to remove one or more rows from a table. It allows you to specify which rows to delete using a WHERE clause, or delete all rows if no condition is provided. DELETE is part of the Data Manipulation Language (DML) and is used for data maintenance, removing outdated or incorrect information, or implementing business logic that requires data removal. When used without a WHERE clause, it empties the entire table while preserving its structure, unlike the TRUNCATE command.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "DELETE",
+        "url": "https://www.w3schools.com/sql/sql_delete.asp",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "LX9nzJ4uqznHN4SksoDvr": {
+    "title": "Aggregate Queries",
+    "description": "Aggregate queries in SQL are used to perform calculations on multiple rows of data, returning a single summary value or grouped results. These queries typically involve the use of aggregate functions, such as:\n\n    •\tCOUNT(): Returns the number of rows that match a specific condition.\n    •\tSUM(): Calculates the total sum of a numeric column.\n    •\tAVG(): Computes the average value of a numeric column.\n    •\tMIN() and MAX(): Find the smallest and largest values in a column, respectively.\n    •\tGROUP BY: Used to group rows that share a common value in specified columns, allowing aggregate functions to be applied to each group.\n    •\tHAVING: Filters the results of a GROUP BY clause based on a specified condition, similar to WHERE but for groups.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "w4T3jFb0ilf1KNw-AvRXG": {
+    "title": "SUM",
+    "description": "The `SUM()` function in SQL is used to calculate the sum of a column. This function allows you to add up a column of numbers in an SQL table.\n\nThe syntax for SUM is as follows:\n\n    SELECT SUM(column_name) FROM table_name;\n    \n\nWhere `column_name` is the name of the column you want to calculate the sum of, and `table_name` is the name of the table where the column is.\n\nFor example, consider the following `ORDER` table:\n\n    |   OrderID  | Company | Quantity |\n    |------------|---------|----------|\n    |     1      |     A   |    30    |\n    |     2      |     B   |    15    |\n    |     3      |     A   |    20    |\n    \n\nIf you want to find the total quantity, you can use `SUM()`:\n\n    SELECT SUM(Quantity) AS TotalQuantity FROM Order;\n    \n\nOutput will be:\n\n    | TotalQuantity |\n    |---------------|\n    |       65      |\n    \n\n**Note:** The `SUM()` function skips NULL values.\n\nOne of the common use cases of `SUM()` function is in conjunction with `GROUP BY` to get the sum for each group of rows.\n\nExample:\n\n    SELECT Company, SUM(Quantity) AS TotalQuantity \n    FROM Order \n    GROUP BY Company;\n    \n\nThis will give us the sum of `Quantity` for each `Company` in the `Order` table.\n\n    | Company | TotalQuantity |\n    |-----------|----------------|\n    |     A     |           50     |\n    |     B     |           15     |\n    \n\nNotably, in all databases, including MySQL, PostgreSQL, and SQLite, the `SUM()` function operates the same way.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "9aHYrOQDkA84tlxcVK5aD": {
+    "title": "COUNT",
+    "description": "`COUNT` is an SQL aggregate function that returns the number of rows that match the specified criteria. It can be used to count all rows in a table, non-null values in a specific column, or rows that meet certain conditions when combined with a `WHERE` clause. `COUNT` is often used in data analysis, reporting, and performance optimization queries to determine the size of datasets or the frequency of particular values.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "COUNT",
+        "url": "https://www.w3schools.com/sql/sql_count.asp",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "Wou6YXLYUgomvcELh851L": {
+    "title": "AVG",
+    "description": "The `AVG()` function in SQL is an aggregate function that calculates the average value of a numeric column. It returns the sum of all the values in the column, divided by the count of those values.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "AVG",
+        "url": "https://www.sqlshack.com/sql-avg-function-introduction-and-examples/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "SQL AVG() Function",
+        "url": "https://www.w3schools.com/sql/sql_avg.asp",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "bFEYMlqPZtTUYtDQxqHzT": {
+    "title": "MIN",
+    "description": "`MIN` is an aggregate function in SQL that returns the lowest value in a set of values. It works with numeric, date, or string data types, selecting the minimum value from a specified column. Often used in conjunction with `GROUP BY`, `MIN` can find the smallest value within each group. This function is useful for various data analysis tasks, such as identifying the lowest price, earliest date, or alphabetically first name in a dataset.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "SQL MAX & MIN",
+        "url": "https://www.programiz.com/sql/min-and-max",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "YqDJq3fPxUZlwsdq0kJg7": {
+    "title": "MAX",
+    "description": "`MAX` is an aggregate function in SQL that returns the highest value in a set of values. It can be used with numeric, date, or string data types, selecting the maximum value from a specified column. `MAX` is often used in combination with `GROUP` BY to find the highest value within each group. This function is useful for various data analysis tasks, such as finding the highest salary, the most recent date, or the alphabetically last name in a dataset.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "MAX",
+        "url": "https://www.techonthenet.com/sql/max.php",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "Zw8IHfCCMSxmVjx5Ho5ff": {
+    "title": "GROUP BY",
+    "description": "GROUP BY is an SQL clause used in SELECT statements to arrange identical data into groups. It's typically used with aggregate functions (like COUNT, SUM, AVG) to perform calculations on each group of rows. GROUP BY collects data across multiple records and groups the results by one or more columns, allowing for analysis of data at a higher level of granularity. This clause is fundamental for generating summary reports, performing data analysis, and creating meaningful aggregations of data in relational databases.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "SQL GROUP BY",
+        "url": "https://www.programiz.com/sql/group-by",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "HhICJpCK5__b-itUoEBES": {
+    "title": "HAVING",
+    "description": "The `HAVING` clause is used in combination with the `GROUP BY` clause to filter the results of `GROUP BY`. It is used to mention conditions on the group functions, like `SUM`, `COUNT`, `AVG`, `MAX` or `MIN`.\n\nIt's important to note that where `WHERE` clause introduces conditions on individual rows, `HAVING` introduces conditions on groups created by the `GROUP BY` clause.\n\nAlso note, `HAVING` applies to summarized group records, whereas `WHERE` applies to individual records.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "SQL HAVING Clause",
+        "url": "https://www.programiz.com/sql/having",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "qBios3sZVhcJMpXmj9f7B": {
+    "title": "Data Constraints",
+    "description": "Data constraints in SQL are rules applied to columns or tables to enforce data integrity and consistency. They include primary key, foreign key, unique, check, and not null constraints. These constraints define limitations on the data that can be inserted, updated, or deleted in a database, ensuring that the data meets specific criteria and maintains relationships between tables. By implementing data constraints, database designers can prevent invalid data entry, maintain referential integrity, and enforce business rules directly at the database level.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Data Constraints",
+        "url": "https://www.w3schools.com/sql/sql_constraints.asp",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "Jlwmyq6CUQeDAlL4dazOP": {
+    "title": "Primary Key",
+    "description": "A primary key is a special relational database table field (or combination of fields) designated to uniquely identify all table records.\n\nA primary key's main features are:\n\n*   It must contain a unique value for each row of data.\n*   It cannot contain null values.\n\nUsage of Primary Key\n--------------------\n\nYou define a primary key for a table using the `PRIMARY KEY` constraint. A table can have only one primary key. You can define a primary key in SQL when you create or modify a table.\n\nCreate Table With Primary Key\n-----------------------------\n\nIn SQL, you can create a table with a primary key by using `CREATE TABLE` syntax.\n\n    CREATE TABLE Employees (\n        ID INT PRIMARY KEY,\n        NAME TEXT,\n        AGE INT,\n        ADDRESS CHAR(50)\n    );\n    \n\nIn this example, `ID` is the primary key which must consist of unique values and can't be null.\n\nModify Table to Add Primary Key\n-------------------------------\n\nIf you want to add a primary key to an existing table, you can use `ALTER TABLE` syntax.\n\n    ALTER TABLE Employees\n    ADD PRIMARY KEY (ID);\n    \n\nThis will add a primary key to `ID` column in the `Employees` table.\n\nComposite Primary Key\n---------------------\n\nWe can also use multiple columns to define a primary key. Such key is known as composite key.\n\n    CREATE TABLE Customers (\n        CustomerID INT,\n        StoreID INT,\n        CONSTRAINT pk_CustomerID_StoreID PRIMARY KEY (CustomerID,StoreID)\n    );\n    \n\nIn this case, each combination of `CustomerID` and `StoreID` must be unique across the whole table.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "DHz6sRLYhFeCbAcNJS8hm": {
+    "title": "Foreign Key",
+    "description": "A foreign key in SQL is a column or group of columns in one table that refers to the primary key of another table. It establishes a link between two tables, enforcing referential integrity and maintaining relationships between related data. Foreign keys ensure that values in the referencing table correspond to valid values in the referenced table, preventing orphaned records and maintaining data consistency across tables. They are crucial for implementing relational database designs and supporting complex queries that join multiple tables.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is a foreign key?",
+        "url": "https://www.cockroachlabs.com/blog/what-is-a-foreign-key/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "5yGo8i7eplxtXOD_qfzOs": {
+    "title": "Unique",
+    "description": "The `UNIQUE` constraint ensures that all values in a column are different; that is, each value in the column should occur only once.\n\nBoth the `UNIQUE` and `PRIMARY KEY` constraints provide a guarantee for uniqueness for a column or set of columns. However, a primary key cannot contain `NULL` since it uniquely identifies each row, and each table can have only one primary key. On the other hand, a `UNIQUE` constraint allows for one `NULL` value, and a table can have multiple `UNIQUE` constraints.\n\nSyntax\n------\n\n    CREATE TABLE table_name (\n        column1 data_type UNIQUE,\n        column2 data_type,\n        column3 data_type,\n       ....\n    );\n    \n\nHere, `UNIQUE` is the constraint's name, whereas `column1` and `data_type` refer to the column and data type for which we're setting the constraint, respectively.\n\nExample\n-------\n\nSuppose, for instance, we are creating a table named \"Employees\". We want the \"Email\" column to contain only unique values to avoid any duplication in email addresses.\n\nHere's how we can impose a `UNIQUE` constraint on the \"Email\" column:\n\n    CREATE TABLE Employees (\n        ID int NOT NULL,\n        Name varchar (255) NOT NULL,\n        Email varchar (255) UNIQUE\n    );\n    \n\nIn this SQL command, we are telling the SQL server that the \"Email\" column cannot have the same value in two or more rows.\n\nAdding a Unique Constraint to an Existing Table\n-----------------------------------------------\n\nTo add a `UNIQUE` constraint to an existing table, you would use the `ALTER TABLE` command. Here is the syntax:\n\n    ALTER TABLE table_name\n    ADD UNIQUE (column1, column2, ...);\n    \n\nHere, `table_name` is the name of the table on which we're defining the constraint, and `column1`, `column2`, etc., are the names of the columns included in the constraint.\n\nDropping a Unique Constraint\n----------------------------\n\nThe `ALTER TABLE` command is also used to drop a `UNIQUE` constraint. The syntax to drop a `UNIQUE` constraint is:\n\n    ALTER TABLE table_name\n    DROP CONSTRAINT constraint_name;\n    \n\nHere, `constraint_name` is the name of the `UNIQUE` constraint that you want to drop.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "M4M_-vjM9GNy0NmXZneDA": {
+    "title": "NOT NULL",
+    "description": "The `NOT NULL` constraint in SQL ensures that a column cannot have a NULL value. Thus, every row/record must contain a value for that column. It is a way to enforce certain fields to be mandatory while inserting records or updating records in a table.\n\nFor instance, if you're designing a table for employee data, you might want to ensure that the employee's `id` and `name` are always provided. In this case, you'd use the `NOT NULL` constraint.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "SQL IS NULL and IS NOT NULL",
+        "url": "https://www.programiz.com/sql/is-null-not-null",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "Q0h9Wfnl_W9ThOkv7Q17A": {
+    "title": "CHECK",
+    "description": "A `CHECK` constraint in SQL is used to enforce data integrity by specifying a condition that must be true for each row in a table. It allows you to define custom rules or restrictions on the values that can be inserted or updated in one or more columns. `CHECK` constraints help maintain data quality by preventing invalid or inconsistent data from being added to the database, ensuring that only data meeting specified criteria is accepted.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "CHECK - PostgreSQL",
+        "url": "https://www.postgresqltutorial.com/postgresql-tutorial/postgresql-check/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "8V6yw7kLaow-VVcv_K_pL": {
+    "title": "JOIN Queries",
+    "description": "SQL `JOIN` queries combine rows from two or more tables based on a related column between them. There are several types of JOINs, including INNER JOIN (returns matching rows), `LEFT JOIN` (returns all rows from the left table and matching rows from the right), `RIGHT JOIN` (opposite of `LEFT JOIN`), and `FULL JOIN` (returns all rows when there's a match in either table). `JOIN`s are fundamental for working with relational databases, allowing users to retrieve data from multiple tables in a single query, establish relationships between tables, and perform complex data analysis across related datasets.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "7 SQL JOIN Examples With Detailed Explanations",
+        "url": "https://learnsql.com/blog/sql-join-examples-with-explanations/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "aaua13CkTxLOYXr8cAgPm": {
+    "title": "INNER JOIN",
+    "description": "An `INNER JOIN` in SQL is a type of join that returns the records with matching values in both tables. This operation compares each row of the first table with each row of the second table to find all pairs of rows that satisfy the join predicate.\n\nFew things to consider in case of `INNER JOIN`:\n\n*   It is a default join in SQL. If you mention `JOIN` in your query without specifying the type, SQL considers it as an `INNER JOIN`.\n*   It returns only the matching rows from both the tables.\n*   If there is no match, the returned is an empty result.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "SQL INNER JOIN",
+        "url": "https://www.w3schools.com/sql/sql_join_inner.asp",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "SQL INNER JOIN Clause",
+        "url": "https://www.programiz.com/sql/inner-join",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "X9cJJ8zLZCF2cOoqxwFfY": {
+    "title": "LEFT JOIN",
+    "description": "A `LEFT JOIN` in SQL returns all rows from the left (first) table and the matching rows from the right (second) table. If there's no match in the right table, `NULL` values are returned for those columns. This join type is useful when you want to see all records from one table, regardless of whether they have corresponding entries in another table. `LEFT JOIN`s are commonly used for finding missing relationships, creating reports that include all primary records, or when working with data where not all entries have corresponding matches in related tables.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "SQL LEFT JOIN",
+        "url": "https://www.w3schools.com/sql/sql_join_left.asp",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "shpgZkh1CLqUwjOaRtAFy": {
+    "title": "RIGHT JOIN",
+    "description": "The `RIGHT JOIN` keyword returns all records from the right table (table2), and the matched records from the left table (table1). If there is no match, the result is `NULL` on the left side.\n\nSyntax\n------\n\nBelow is the common syntax used for writing a `RIGHT JOIN`:\n\n    SELECT column_name(s)\n    FROM table1\n    RIGHT JOIN table2\n    ON table1.column_name = table2.column_name;\n    \n\nExample\n-------\n\nConsider two tables:\n\n**Table \"Orders\":**\n\nOrderID\n\nCustomerID\n\nOrderDate\n\n1\n\n3\n\n2017/11/11\n\n2\n\n1\n\n2017/10/23\n\n3\n\n2\n\n2017/9/15\n\n4\n\n4\n\n2017/9/03\n\n**Table \"Customers\":**\n\nCustomerID\n\nCustomerName\n\nContactName\n\nCountry\n\n1\n\nAlfreds Futterkiste\n\nMaria Anders\n\nGermany\n\n2\n\nAna Trujillo Emparedados y helados\n\nAna Trujillo\n\nMexico\n\n3\n\nAntonio Moreno Taquería\n\nAntonio Moreno\n\nMexico\n\n5\n\nBerglunds snabbköp\n\nChristina Berglund\n\nSweden\n\nNow, we want to select all customers and any matching records in orders table. If there is no match, the result is null in order table:\n\n    SELECT \n      Customers.CustomerName, \n      Orders.OrderID\n    FROM \n      Orders\n    RIGHT JOIN \n      Customers \n    ON \n      Orders.CustomerID = Customers.CustomerID;\n    \n\n**Result:**\n\nCustomerName\n\nOrderID\n\nAlfreds Futterkiste\n\n2\n\nAna Trujillo Emparedados y helados\n\n3\n\nAntonio Moreno Taquería\n\n1\n\nBerglunds snabbköp\n\nNULL\n\nAround the Horn\n\nNULL\n\nBottom-Dollar Markets\n\nNULL\n\nAs you can see, the `RIGHT JOIN` keyword returned all the records from the Customers table and all matched records from the Orders table. For those customers who have no orders (like \"Berglunds snabbköp\"), the result is `NULL`.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "aS5zCyJRA779yHF0G2pje": {
+    "title": "FULL OUTER JOIN",
+    "description": "A `FULL OUTER JOIN` in SQL combines the results of both `LEFT` and `RIGHT OUTER JOIN`s. It returns all rows from both tables, matching records where the join condition is met and including unmatched rows from both tables with `NULL` values in place of missing data. This join type is useful when you need to see all data from both tables, regardless of whether there are matching rows, and is particularly valuable for identifying missing relationships or performing data reconciliation between two tables.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "FULL OUTER JOIN",
+        "url": "https://www.w3schools.com/sql/sql_join_full.asp",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "6qG0AVYd6Y1B8LOSDoMX9": {
+    "title": "Self Join",
+    "description": "A `SELF JOIN` is a standard SQL operation where a table is joined to itself. This might sound counter-intuitive, but it's actually quite useful in scenarios where comparison operations need to be made within a table. Essentially, it is used to combine rows with other rows in the same table when there's a match based on the condition provided.\n\nIt's important to note that, since it's a join operation on the same table, alias(es) for table(s) must be used to avoid confusion during the join operation.\n\nSyntax of a Self Join\n---------------------\n\nHere is the basic syntax for a `SELF JOIN` statement:\n\n    SELECT a.column_name, b.column_name\n    FROM table_name AS a, table_name AS b\n    WHERE a.common_field = b.common_field;\n    \n\nIn this query:\n\n*   `table_name`: is the name of the table to join to itself.\n*   `a` and `b`: are different aliases for the same table.\n*   `column_name`: specify the columns that should be returned as a result of the SQL `SELF JOIN` statement.\n*   `WHERE a.common_field = b.common_field`: is the condition for the join.\n\nExample of a Self Join\n----------------------\n\nLet us consider a `EMPLOYEES` table with the following structure:\n\nEmployeeID\n\nName\n\nManagerID\n\n1\n\nSam\n\nNULL\n\n2\n\nAlex\n\n1\n\n3\n\nJohn\n\n1\n\n4\n\nSophia\n\n2\n\n5\n\nEmma\n\n2\n\nIf you want to find out all the employees and who their manager is, you can do so using a `SELF JOIN`:\n\n    SELECT a.Name AS Employee, b.Name AS Manager\n    FROM EMPLOYEES a, EMPLOYEES b\n    WHERE a.ManagerID = b.EmployeeID;\n    \n\nThis query will return the name of each employee along with the name of their respective manager.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "7ow6tiSSCnTpv_GYQU017": {
+    "title": "Cross Join",
+    "description": "The cross join in SQL is used to combine every row of the first table with every row of the second table. It's also known as the Cartesian product of the two tables. The most important aspect of performing a cross join is that it does not require any condition to join.\n\nThe issue with cross join is it returns the Cartesian product of the two tables, which can result in large numbers of rows and heavy resource usage. It's hence critical to use them wisely and only when necessary.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "CROSS JOIN",
+        "url": "https://www.w3schools.com/mysql/mysql_join_cross.asp",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "86iZ8s8EdhSuYwgwAM_EO": {
+    "title": "Subqueries",
+    "description": "In SQL, a subquery is a query embedded within another SQL query. You can alternately call it a nested or an inner query. The containing query is often referred to as the outer query. Subqueries are utilized to retrieve data that will be used in the main query as a condition to further restrict the data to be retrieved.\n\nSubqueries can be used in various parts of a query, including:\n\n*   **SELECT** statement\n*   **FROM** clause\n*   **WHERE** clause\n*   **GROUP BY** clause\n*   **HAVING** clause\n\nSyntax\n------\n\nIn general, the syntax can be written as:\n\n    SELECT column_name [, column_name]\n    FROM   table1 [, table2 ]\n    WHERE  column_name OPERATOR\n       (SELECT column_name [, column_name]\n       FROM table1 [, table2 ]\n       [WHERE])\n    \n\nTypes of Subqueries\n-------------------\n\n1.  **Scalar Subquery**: It returns single value.\n    \n        SELECT name \n        FROM student \n        WHERE roll_id = (SELECT roll_id FROM student WHERE name='John');\n        \n    \n2.  **Row subquery**: It returns a single row or multiple rows of two or more values.\n    \n        SELECT * FROM student \n        WHERE (roll_id, age)=(SELECT MIN(roll_id),MIN(age) FROM student);\n        \n    \n3.  **Column subquery**: It returns single column value with multiple rows and one column.\n    \n        SELECT name, age FROM student \n        WHERE name in (SELECT name FROM student);\n        \n    \n4.  **Table subquery**: It returns more than one row and more than one column.\n    \n        SELECT name, age \n        FROM student \n        WHERE (name, age) IN (SELECT name, age FROM student);\n        \n    \n\nGeneral Note\n------------\n\nSubqueries can be either correlated or uncorrelated. A correlated subquery is a subquery that uses values from the outer query. Conversely, an uncorrelated subquery is a subquery that can be run independently of the outer query.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "eXQ-TrTlqL5p2AdGnozkL": {
+    "title": "Scalar",
+    "description": "In SQL, a scalar type is a type that holds a single value as opposed to composite types that hold multiple values. In simpler terms, scalar types represent a single unit of data.\n\nSome common examples of scalar types in SQL include:\n\n*   Integers (`INT`)\n*   Floating-point numbers (`FLOAT`)\n*   Strings (`VARCHAR`, `CHAR`)\n*   Date and Time (`DATE`, `TIME`)\n*   Boolean (`BOOL`)\n\nExamples\n--------\n\nHere is how you can define different scalar types in SQL:\n\nIntegers\n--------\n\nAn integer can be defined using the INT type. Here is an example of how to declare an integer:\n\n    CREATE TABLE Employees (\n        EmployeeID INT,\n        FirstName VARCHAR(50),\n        LastName VARCHAR(50)\n    );\n    \n\nFloating-Point Numbers\n----------------------\n\nFloating-point numbers can be defined using the FLOAT or REAL type. Here is an example of how to declare a floating-point number:\n\n    CREATE TABLE Products (\n        ProductID INT,\n        Price FLOAT\n    );\n    \n\nStrings\n-------\n\nStrings can be defined using the CHAR, VARCHAR, or TEXT type. Here is an example of how to declare a string:\n\n    CREATE TABLE Employees (\n        EmployeeID INT,\n        FirstName VARCHAR(50), \n        LastName VARCHAR(50) \n    );\n    \n\nDate and Time\n-------------\n\nThe DATE, TIME or DATETIME type can be used to define dates and times:\n\n    CREATE TABLE Orders (\n        OrderID INT,\n        OrderDate DATE\n    );\n    \n\nBoolean\n-------\n\nBooleans can be declared using the BOOL or BOOLEAN type. They hold either `TRUE` or `FALSE`.\n\n    CREATE TABLE Employees (\n        EmployeeID INT,\n        IsActive BOOL\n    );\n    \n\nRemember, the way these types are declared might slightly differ based on the SQL dialect you are using. It's crucial to refer to the specific documentation of the SQL flavor you're working with for the precise syntax and behavior.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "wmtt-3auWLdQWuVdwZLPd": {
+    "title": "Column",
+    "description": "In SQL, columns are used to categorize the data in a table. A column serves as a structure that stores a specific type of data (ints, str, bool, etc.) in a table. Each column in a table is designed with a type, which configures the data that it can hold. Using the right column types and size can help to maintain data integrity and optimize performance.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "SQL Column",
+        "url": "https://www.w3schools.com/sql/sql_ref_column.asp",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Column Types - PostgreSQL",
+        "url": "https://www.postgresqltutorial.com/postgresql-tutorial/postgresql-data-types/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "aLDl75i8gtLRA2Ud-fMmQ": {
+    "title": "Row",
+    "description": "In SQL, a \"row\" refers to a record in a table. Each row in a table represents a set of related data, and every row in the table has the same structure.\n\nFor instance, in a table named \"customers\", a row may represent one customer, with columns containing information like ID, name, address, email, etc.\n\nHere is a conceptual SQL table:\n\nID\n\nNAME\n\nADDRESS\n\nEMAIL\n\n1\n\nJohn\n\nNY\n\n[john@example.com](mailto:john@example.com)\n\n2\n\nJane\n\nLA\n\n[jane@example.com](mailto:jane@example.com)\n\n3\n\nJim\n\nChicago\n\n[jim@example.com](mailto:jim@example.com)\n\nEach of these line of data is referred to as a 'row' in the SQL table.\n\nTo select a row, you would use a `SELECT` statement. Here's an example of how you might select a row:\n\n    SELECT * \n    FROM customers \n    WHERE ID = 1;\n    \n\nThis would output:\n\nID\n\nName\n\nADDRESS\n\nEmail\n\n1\n\nJohn\n\nNY\n\n[john@example.com](mailto:john@example.com)\n\nThe `*` in the statement refers to all columns. If you want to only select specific columns, you can replace `*` with the column name(s):\n\n    SELECT NAME, EMAIL\n    FROM customers \n    WHERE ID = 1;\n    \n\nIn this case, the output would be:\n\nName\n\nEmail\n\nJohn\n\n[john@example.com](mailto:john@example.com)",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "R9WDMRd-3wxsKH97-sT3n": {
+    "title": "Table",
+    "description": "In SQL, a table is a collection of related data held in a structured format within a database. It consists of rows (records) and columns (fields).\n\nA table is defined by its name and the nature of data it will hold, i.e., each field has a name and a specific data type.\n\nTable Creation\n--------------\n\nYou can create a table using the `CREATE TABLE` SQL statement. The syntax is as follows:\n\n    CREATE TABLE table_name (\n        column1 datatype,\n        column2 datatype,\n        column3 datatype,\n       ....\n    );  \n    \n\nHere, `table_name` is the name of the table, `column1`, `column2`... are the names of the columns, and `datatype` specifies the type of data the column can hold (e.g., varchar, integer, date, etc.).\n\nTable Manipulation\n------------------\n\nOnce a table has been created, the `INSERT INTO` statement is used to insert new rows of data into the table.\n\n    INSERT INTO table_name (column1, column2, column3,...)\n    VALUES (value1, value2, value3,...); \n    \n\nThe `SELECT` statement is used to select data from the table.\n\n    SELECT column1, column2,...\n    FROM table_name;\n    \n\nThe `UPDATE` statement is used to modify existing records.\n\n    UPDATE table_name\n    SET column1 = value1, column2 = value2,...\n    WHERE condition;\n    \n\nAnd, finally, the `DELETE` statement is used to delete existing records.\n\n    DELETE FROM table_name WHERE condition;\n    \n\nThese basic operations allow for full manipulation of tables in SQL, letting users to manage their data effectively.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "xkPJ2MYiXmzC4yqQWyB_7": {
+    "title": "Nested Subqueries",
+    "description": "In SQL, a subquery is a query that is nested inside a main query. If a subquery is nested inside another subquery, it is called a nested subquery. They can be used in SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE statements or inside another subquery.\n\nNested subqueries can get complicated quickly, but they are essential for performing complex database tasks.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Nested Subqueries",
+        "url": "https://www.studysmarter.co.uk/explanations/computer-science/databases/nested-subqueries-in-sql/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "JZqS3Xapw6mfSPVgFW7av": {
+    "title": "Correlated Subqueries",
+    "description": "In SQL, a correlated subquery is a subquery that uses values from the outer query in its `WHERE` clause. The correlated subquery is evaluated once for each row processed by the outer query. It exists because it depends on the outer query and it cannot execute independently of the outer query because the subquery is correlated with the outer query as it uses its column in its `WHERE` clause.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Correlated Subqueries",
+        "url": "https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.4/en/correlated-subqueries.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "vTMd0bqz4eTgLnhfgY61h": {
+    "title": "Advanced Functions",
+    "description": "Advanced SQL functions enable more sophisticated data manipulation and analysis within databases, offering powerful tools for complex queries. Key areas include:\n\n*   **String Functions**: Manipulate text data using functions like `CONCAT`, `SUBSTRING`, and `REPLACE` to combine, extract, or modify strings.\n*   **Date & Time**: Manage temporal data with functions like `DATEADD`, `DATEDIFF`, and `FORMAT`, allowing for calculations and formatting of dates and times.\n*   **Numeric Functions**: Perform advanced calculations using functions such as `ROUND`, `FLOOR`, and `CEIL`, providing precision in numerical data processing.\n*   **Conditional**: Implement logic within queries using functions like `CASE`, `COALESCE`, and `NULLIF` to control data flow and handle conditional scenarios.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "o2SH4iQn1Ap2yDZ7cVYLO": {
+    "title": "FLOOR",
+    "description": "The SQL `FLOOR` function is used to round down any specific decimal or numeric value to its nearest whole integer. The returned number will be less than or equal to the number given as an argument.\n\nOne important aspect to note is that the `FLOOR` function's argument must be a number and it always returns an integer.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "FLOOR",
+        "url": "https://www.w3schools.com/sql/func_sqlserver_floor.asp",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "6vYFb_D1N_-tLWZftL-Az": {
+    "title": "ABS",
+    "description": "The `ABS()` function in SQL returns the absolute value of a given numeric expression, meaning it converts any negative number to its positive equivalent while leaving positive numbers unchanged. This function is useful when you need to ensure that the result of a calculation or a value stored in a database column is non-negative, such as when calculating distances, differences, or other metrics where only positive values make sense. For example, `SELECT ABS(-5)` would return `5`.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "How to compute an absolute value in SQL",
+        "url": "https://www.airops.com/sql-guide/how-to-compute-an-absolute-value-in-sql",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "ABS",
+        "url": "https://www.w3schools.com/sql/func_sqlserver_abs.asp",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "OUw--8zEq6lk5-6oySVHe": {
+    "title": "MOD",
+    "description": "The `MOD` function in SQL calculates the remainder when one number is divided by another. It takes two arguments: the dividend and the divisor. `MOD` returns the remainder of the division operation, which is useful for various mathematical operations, including checking for odd/even numbers, implementing cyclic behaviors, or distributing data evenly. The syntax and exact behavior may vary slightly between different database systems, with some using the % operator instead of the `MOD` keyword.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "MOD",
+        "url": "https://www.w3schools.com/sql/func_mysql_mod.asp",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "9DntFiZV1AyaRPhYP5q6u": {
+    "title": "ROUND",
+    "description": "The `ROUND` function in SQL is used to round a numeric field to the nearest specified decimal or integer.\n\nMost usually, `ROUND` accepts two arguments. The first one is the value that needs to be rounded, and the second is the number of decimal places to which the first argument will be rounded off. When dealing with decimals, SQL will round up when the number after the decimal point is 5 or higher, whereas it will round down if it's less than 5.\n\nSyntax\n------\n\nThe basic syntax for `ROUND` can be described as follows:\n\n    ROUND ( numeric_expression, length [ , function ] )\n    \n\n*   `numeric_expression`: A floating point number to round.\n*   `length`: The precision to which `numeric_expression` is to be rounded. When `length` is a positive number, rounding affects the right side of the decimal point. If `length` is negative, rounding affects the left side of the decimal point.\n*   `function`: Optional parameter to determine the operation to perform. If this is omitted or 0, the `numeric_expression` is rounded. If this is 1, the `numeric_expression` is truncated.\n\nExample 1:\n----------\n\nRound off a decimal to the nearest whole number.\n\n    SELECT ROUND(125.215);\n    \n\nThis will result in `125`.\n\nExample 2:\n----------\n\nRound off a number to a specified decimal place.\n\n    SELECT ROUND(125.215, 1);\n    \n\nThis will result in `125.2` as the second decimal place (5) is less than 5.\n\nExample 3:\n----------\n\nRound off the left side of the decimal.\n\n    SELECT ROUND(125.215, -2);\n    \n\nThis will result in `100` as rounding now affects digits before the decimal point.\n\nWhenever you need to round off numeric data in SQL, the `ROUND` function is a valuable tool to have in your kit. It proficiently handles both positive and negative rounding, and its simple syntax makes it extremely user-friendly.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "BAqJQvcguhIhzyII5LRH6": {
+    "title": "CEILING",
+    "description": "The `CEILING()` function in SQL returns the smallest integer greater than or equal to a given numeric value. It's useful when you need to round up a number to the nearest whole number, regardless of whether the number is already an integer or a decimal. For example, `CEILING(4.2)` would return `5`, and `CEILING(-4.7)` would return `-4`. This function is commonly used in scenarios where rounding up is necessary, such as calculating the number of pages needed to display a certain number of items when each page has a fixed capacity.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "CEILING Function in SQL",
+        "url": "https://www.javatpoint.com/ceiling-function-in-sql",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "5inpEqafeVCfqsURHzQQg": {
+    "title": "CONCAT",
+    "description": "`CONCAT` is an SQL function used to combine two or more strings into a single string. It takes multiple input strings as arguments and returns a new string that is the concatenation of all the input strings in the order they were provided. `CONCAT` is commonly used in `SELECT` statements to merge data from multiple columns, create custom output formats, or generate dynamic SQL statements.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "An overview of the CONCAT function in SQL",
+        "url": "https://www.sqlshack.com/an-overview-of-the-concat-function-in-sql-with-examples/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "RH8DLiQpDUWqw3U1522q5": {
+    "title": "LENGTH",
+    "description": "The `LENGTH` function in SQL returns the number of characters in a string. It's used to measure the size of text data, which can be helpful for data validation, formatting, or analysis. In some database systems, `LENGTH` may count characters differently for multi-byte character sets. Most SQL dialects support `LENGTH`, but some may use alternative names like LEN (in SQL Server) or `CHAR_LENGTH`. This function is particularly useful for enforcing character limits, splitting strings, or identifying anomalies in string data.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "How to Check the Length of a String in SQL",
+        "url": "https://learnsql.com/cookbook/how-to-check-the-length-of-a-string-in-sql/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "PnG_5D6q66NAKxXVOwA6N": {
+    "title": "SUBSTRING",
+    "description": "The SQL `SUBSTRING` function is used to extract a part of a string, where you can specify the start position and the length of the text. This function can be very beneficial when you only need a specific part of a string.\n\nSyntax\n------\n\nThe standardized SQL syntax for `SUBSTRING` is as follows:\n\n    SUBSTRING(string, start, length)\n    \n\nWhere:\n\n*   `string` is the source string from which you want to extract.\n*   `start` is the position to start extraction from. The first position in the string is always 1.\n*   `length` is the number of characters to extract.\n\nUsage\n-----\n\nFor instance, if you want to extract the first 5 characters from the string 'Hello World':\n\n    SELECT SUBSTRING('Hello World', 1, 5) as ExtractedString;\n    \n\nResult:\n\n    | ExtractedString |\n    | --------------- |\n    | Hello           |\n    \n\nYou can also use `SUBSTRING` on table columns, like so:\n\n    SELECT SUBSTRING(column_name, start, length) FROM table_name;\n    \n\nSUBSTRING with FROM and FOR\n---------------------------\n\nIn some database systems (like PostgreSQL and SQL Server), the `SUBSTRING` function uses a different syntax:\n\n    SUBSTRING(string FROM start FOR length)\n    \n\nThis format functions the same way as the previously mentioned syntax.\n\nFor example:\n\n    SELECT SUBSTRING('Hello World' FROM 1 FOR 5) as ExtractedString;\n    \n\nThis would yield the same result as the previous example - 'Hello'.\n\nNote\n----\n\nSQL is case-insensitive, meaning `SUBSTRING`, `substring`, and `Substring` will all function the same way.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "VNbb3YPc0FtrROylRns8h": {
+    "title": "REPLACE",
+    "description": "You can use the `REPLACE()` function in SQL to substitute all occurrences of a specified string.\n\n**Synopsis**\n\n`REPLACE(input_string, string_to_replace, replacement_string)`\n\n**Parameters**\n\n*   `input_string`: This is the original string where you want to replace some characters.\n*   `string_to_replace`: This is the string that will be searched for in the original string.\n*   `replacement_string`: This is the string that will replace the `string_to_replace` in the original string.\n\nThe `REPLACE()` function is handy when it comes to manipulating and modifying data in various ways, particularly when used in combination with other SQL data-manipulation functions.\n\n**Examples**\n\nSuppose we have the following table, `Employees`:\n\nEmpId\n\nEmpName\n\n1\n\nJohn Doe\n\n2\n\nJane Doe\n\n3\n\nJim Smith Doe\n\n4\n\nJennifer Doe Smith\n\nHere's how you can use the `REPLACE()` function:\n\n    SELECT EmpId, EmpName,\n    REPLACE(EmpName, 'Doe', 'Roe') as ModifiedName\n    FROM Employees;\n    \n\nAfter the execution of the above SQL, we will receive:\n\nEmpId\n\nEmpName\n\nModifiedName\n\n1\n\nJohn Doe\n\nJohn Roe\n\n2\n\nJane Doe\n\nJane Roe\n\n3\n\nJim Smith Doe\n\nJim Smith Roe\n\n4\n\nJennifer Doe Smith\n\nJennifer Roe Smith\n\nYou can see that all occurrences of 'Doe' are replaced with 'Roe'.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "Othfo7NvTVzfyL906PLM1": {
+    "title": "UPPER",
+    "description": "`UPPER()` is a built-in string function in SQL. As the name suggests, it is used to convert all letters in a specified string to uppercase. If the string already consists of all uppercase characters, the function will return the original string.\n\nSyntax for this function is:\n\n    UPPER(string)\n    \n\nHere 'string' can be a string value or a column of a table of string(s) type.\n\nLet's assume a table 'students' with column 'name' as below:\n\nname\n\nJohn Doe\n\nJane Smith\n\nKelly Will\n\nIf we want all the names in uppercase, we'll use `UPPER()` function as:\n\n    SELECT UPPER(name) as 'Upper Case Name' FROM students;\n    \n\nAnd we will get:\n\nUpper Case Name\n\nJOHN DOE\n\nJANE SMITH\n\nKELLY WILL\n\nSo, `UPPER()` function helps us to bring an entire string to uppercase for easier comparison and sorting.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "knTG6pAq2mYP24WMa29xI": {
+    "title": "LOWER",
+    "description": "The `LOWER` function in SQL converts all characters in a specified string to lowercase. It's a string manipulation function that takes a single argument (the input string) and returns the same string with all alphabetic characters converted to their lowercase equivalents. `LOWER` is useful for standardizing data, making case-insensitive comparisons, or formatting output. It doesn't affect non-alphabetic characters or numbers in the string. `LOWER` is commonly used in data cleaning, search operations, and ensuring consistent data representation across different systems.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "How to change text to lowercase in SQL",
+        "url": "https://learnsql.com/cookbook/how-to-change-text-to-lowercase-in-sql/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "W2ePJHdfEiEJ3ZKoRQKt_": {
+    "title": "CASE",
+    "description": "The CASE statement in SQL is used to create conditional logic within a query, allowing you to perform different actions based on specific conditions. It operates like an if-else statement, returning different values depending on the outcome of each condition. The syntax typically involves specifying one or more WHEN conditions, followed by the result for each condition, and an optional ELSE clause for a default outcome if none of the conditions are met.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "SQL CASE Expression",
+        "url": "https://www.w3schools.com/sql/sql_case.asp",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "SQL CASE - Intermediate SQL",
+        "url": "https://mode.com/sql-tutorial/sql-case",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "KI6vngoYcHsnpIk8ErhhS": {
+    "title": "NULLIF",
+    "description": "`NULLIF` is an SQL function that compares two expressions and returns NULL if they are equal, otherwise it returns the first expression. It's particularly useful for avoiding division by zero errors or for treating specific values as `NULL` in calculations or comparisons. `NULLIF` takes two arguments and is often used in combination with aggregate functions or in `CASE` statements to handle special cases in data processing or reporting.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "NULLIF",
+        "url": "https://www.w3schools.com/sql/func_sqlserver_nullif.asp",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "k7lZe4QRt9q4InUImFmvx": {
+    "title": "COALESCE",
+    "description": "`COALESCE` is an SQL function that returns the first non-null value in a list of expressions. It's commonly used to handle null values or provide default values in queries. `COALESCE` evaluates its arguments in order and returns the first non-null result, making it useful for data cleaning, report generation, and simplifying complex conditional logic in SQL statements.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "How to use the COALESCE function in SQL",
+        "url": "https://learnsql.com/blog/coalesce-function-sql/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "COALESCE - PostgreSQL",
+        "url": "https://www.postgresqltutorial.com/postgresql-tutorial/postgresql-coalesce/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "Ivqo2wa-_NhGU3vGd0pUI": {
+    "title": "DATE",
+    "description": "The DATE data type in SQL is used to store calendar dates (typically in the format YYYY-MM-DD). It represents a specific day without any time information. DATE columns are commonly used for storing birthdates, event dates, or any other data that requires only day-level precision. SQL provides various functions to manipulate and format DATE values, allowing for date arithmetic, extraction of date components, and comparison between dates. The exact range of valid dates may vary depending on the specific database management system being used.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "SQL DATE",
+        "url": "https://www.w3schools.com/sql/sql_dates.asp",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "88KlrMqSza9_YaD7Dv61p": {
+    "title": "TIME",
+    "description": "In SQL, TIME data type is used to store time values in the database. It allows you to store hours, minutes, and seconds. The format of a TIME is 'HH:MI:SS'.\n\nSyntax\n------\n\nHere is the basic syntax to create a field with TIME data type in SQL:\n\n    CREATE TABLE table_name (\n        column_name TIME\n    );\n    \n\nYou can store data using the following syntax:\n\n    INSERT INTO table_name (column_name) values ('17:34:20');\n    \n\nRange\n-----\n\nThe time range in SQL is '00:00:00' to '23:59:59'.\n\nFetching Data\n-------------\n\nTo fetch the data you can use the SELECT statement. For example:\n\n    SELECT column_name FROM table_name;\n    \n\nIt will return the time values from the table.\n\nFunctions\n---------\n\nSQL provides several functions to work with the TIME data type. Some of them include:\n\nCURTIME()\n---------\n\nReturn the current time.\n\n    SELECT CURTIME();\n    \n\nADDTIME()\n---------\n\nAdd time values.\n\n    SELECT ADDTIME('2007-12-31 23:59:59','1 1:1:1');\n    \n\nTIMEDIFF()\n----------\n\nSubtract time values.\n\n    SELECT TIMEDIFF('2000:01:01 00:00:00', '2000:01:01 00:01:01');\n    \n\nConversion\n----------\n\nConversion of TIME data type is also possible in SQL. It can be converted into other data types, like INT, and vice versa. Here is a conversion example of TIME to INT:\n\n    SELECT TIME_TO_SEC('22:23:00');\n    \n\nThis was a brief summary about \"TIME\" in SQL.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "7hEqkoxkdAWmakGZsMJx-": {
+    "title": "TIMESTAMP",
+    "description": "SQL `TIMESTAMP` is a data type that allows you to store both date and time. It is typically used to track updates and changes made to a record, providing a chronological time of happenings.\n\nDepending on the SQL platform, the format and storage size can slightly vary. For instance, MySQL uses the 'YYYY-MM-DD HH:MI:SS' format and in PostgreSQL, it's stored as a 'YYYY-MM-DD HH:MI:SS' format but it additionally can store microseconds.\n\nHere is how you can define a column with a `TIMESTAMP` type in an SQL table:\n\n    CREATE TABLE table_name (\n       column1 TIMESTAMP,\n       column2 VARCHAR(100),\n       ...\n    );\n    \n\nA common use-case of `TIMESTAMP` is to have an automatically updated timestamp each time the row is updated. This can be achieved by setting the `DEFAULT` constraint to `CURRENT_TIMESTAMP`:\n\n    CREATE TABLE table_name (\n       column1 TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,\n       column2 VARCHAR(100),\n       ...\n    );\n    \n\nIn MySQL, `ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP` can be used to automatically update the `TIMESTAMP` field to the current date and time whenever there is any change in other fields of the row.\n\n    CREATE TABLE table_name (\n       column1 TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,\n       column2 VARCHAR(100),\n       ...\n    );\n    \n\nYou can also insert or update records with a specific timestamp:\n\n    INSERT INTO table_name (column1, column2) VALUES ('2019-06-10 10:20:30', 'example data');\n    \n    UPDATE table_name SET column1 = '2020-07-20 15:30:45' WHERE column2 = 'example data';\n    \n\nRemember that the format of the date and time you enter must correspond to the format used by the SQL platform you are using.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "BJ4fQvagTO0B5UtXblyx8": {
+    "title": "DATEPART",
+    "description": "`DATEPART` is a useful function in SQL that allows you to extract a specific part of a date or time field. You can use it to get the year, quarter, month, day of the year, day, week, weekday, hour, minute, second, or millisecond from any date or time expression.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "DATEPART",
+        "url": "https://www.w3schools.com/sql/func_sqlserver_datepart.asp",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "1E1WdWOyqxbbdiIbw26dZ": {
+    "title": "DATEADD",
+    "description": "`DATEADD` is an SQL function used to add or subtract a specified time interval to a date or datetime value. It typically takes three arguments: the interval type (e.g., day, month, year), the number of intervals to add or subtract, and the date to modify. This function is useful for date calculations, such as finding future or past dates, calculating durations, or generating date ranges. The exact syntax and name of this function may vary slightly between different database management systems (e.g., `DATEADD` in SQL Server, `DATE_ADD` in MySQL).\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "DATEADD",
+        "url": "https://www.mssqltips.com/sqlservertutorial/9380/sql-dateadd-function/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "2tyezwOIxV6O84N-Q3Awh": {
+    "title": "Views",
+    "description": "SQL views are virtual tables that do not store data directly. They are essentially a saved SQL query and can pull data from multiple tables or just present the data from one table in a different way.\n\nCreating Views\n--------------\n\nYou can create a view using the `CREATE VIEW` statement. In the following example, a new view named `CustomerView` is created which contains customer's ID, name, and address from the `Customers` table:\n\n    CREATE VIEW CustomerView AS\n    SELECT CustomerID, Name, Address\n    FROM Customers;\n    \n\nQuerying Views\n--------------\n\nAfter a view has been created, it can be used in the `FROM` clause of a `SELECT` statement, as if it's an actual table. For instance, to select all from `CustomerView`:\n\n    SELECT *\n    FROM CustomerView;\n    \n\nUpdating Views\n--------------\n\nThe `CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW` statement is used to update a view. Consider the `CustomerView` we created earlier. If we want to include the customer's phone, we can update it as follows:\n\n    CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW CustomerView AS\n    SELECT CustomerID, Name, Address, Phone\n    FROM Customers;\n    \n\nDropping Views\n--------------\n\nTo delete a view, use the `DROP VIEW` statement:\n\n    DROP VIEW CustomerView;\n    \n\nKeep in mind that not all database systems support the `CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW` statement. Also, the updatability of a view depends on whether it includes functions, expressions, or multiple tables. Some databases might not let you update a view at all.\n\nRestrictions\n------------\n\nThere are a few restrictions to bear in mind when working with views. SQL views can't:\n\n*   Contain a `ORDER BY` clause in the view definition\n*   Be indexed\n*   Have triggers or default values\n\nEach database may have its own specific limitations and capabilities with using views, so always refer to the official documentation for more information.\n\nNote: The above examples use a hypothetical `Customers` table. Replace this with your actual table name when trying these in your environment.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "PcsGK4VBh0zNQIPZvNES4": {
+    "title": "Creating Views",
+    "description": "Creating views in SQL involves using the `CREATE VIEW` statement to define a virtual table based on the result of a `SELECT` query. Views don't store data themselves but provide a way to present data from one or more tables in a specific format. They can simplify complex queries, enhance data security by restricting access to underlying tables, and provide a consistent interface for querying frequently used data combinations. Views can be queried like regular tables and are often used to encapsulate business logic or present data in a more user-friendly manner.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "How to create a view in SQL",
+        "url": "https://www.sqlshack.com/how-to-create-a-view-in-sql-server/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "SQL Views in 4 minutes",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vLLkNI-vkV8",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "3eE-l-P93nOXoWfLr8PSW": {
+    "title": "Modifying Views",
+    "description": "In SQL, you can modify a `VIEW` in two ways:\n\n*   Using `CREATE` OR `REPLACE VIEW`: This command helps you modify a VIEW but keeps the VIEW name intact. This is beneficial when you want to change the definition of the `VIEW` but do not want to change the VIEW name.\n    \n*   Using the `DROP VIEW` and then `CREATE VIEW`: In this method, you first remove the `VIEW` using the `DROP VIEW` command and then recreate the view using the new definition with the `CREATE VIEW` command.\n    \n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Modify Views in SQL Server",
+        "url": "https://www.sqlshack.com/create-view-sql-modifying-views-in-sql-server/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "MIOuWWcCjLAmgzog2DBC3": {
+    "title": "Dropping Views",
+    "description": "Dropping views in SQL involves using the `DROP VIEW` statement to remove an existing view from the database. This operation permanently deletes the view definition, but it doesn't affect the underlying tables from which the view was created. Dropping a view is typically done when the view is no longer needed, needs to be replaced with a different definition, or as part of database maintenance. It's important to note that dropping a view can impact other database objects or applications that depend on it, so caution should be exercised when performing this operation.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "DROP VIEW",
+        "url": "https://study.com/academy/lesson/sql-drop-view-tutorial-overview.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "LcljR70T-OnzSrJJDqOWf": {
+    "title": "Indexes",
+    "description": "Indexes in SQL are database objects that improve the speed of data retrieval operations on database tables. They work similarly to book indexes, providing a quick lookup mechanism for finding rows with specific column values. Indexes create a separate data structure that allows the database engine to locate data without scanning the entire table. While they speed up `SELECT` queries, indexes can slow down `INSERT`, `UPDATE`, and `DELETE` operations because the index structure must be updated. Proper index design is crucial for optimizing database performance, especially for large tables or frequently queried columns.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Create SQL Index Statement",
+        "url": "https://www.w3schools.com/sql/sql_create_index.asp",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "NtxGd6Vx-REBclry7lZuE": {
+    "title": "Managing Indexes",
+    "description": "Managing indexes in SQL involves creating, modifying, and dropping indexes to optimize database performance. This process includes identifying columns that benefit from indexing (frequently queried or used in JOIN conditions), creating appropriate index types (e.g., single-column, composite, unique), and regularly analyzing index usage and effectiveness. Database administrators must balance the improved query performance that indexes provide against the overhead they introduce for data modification operations. Proper index management also includes periodic maintenance tasks like rebuilding or reorganizing indexes to maintain their efficiency as data changes over time.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "SQL Server Indexes",
+        "url": "https://www.sqlservercentral.com/articles/sql-server-indexes",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "Ps9Yv2s-bKvEegGAbPsiA": {
+    "title": "Query Optimization",
+    "description": "Query optimization is a function of SQL that involves tuning and optimizing a SQL statement so that the system executes it in the fastest and most efficient way possible. It includes optimizing the costs of computation, communication, and disk I/O.\n\nThe primary approaches of query optimization involve the following:\n\nRewriting Queries\n-----------------\n\nThis means changing the original SQL query to an equivalent one which requires fewer system resources. It's usually done automatically by the database system.\n\nFor instance, let's say we have a query as follows:\n\n    SELECT * \n    FROM Customers \n    WHERE state = 'New York' AND city = 'New York';\n    \n\nThe above query can be rewritten using a subquery for better optimization:\n\n    SELECT * \n    FROM Customers \n    WHERE state = 'New York' \n    AND city IN (SELECT city \n                  FROM Customers \n                  WHERE city = 'New York');\n    \n\nChoosing the right index\n------------------------\n\nIndexes are used to find rows with specific column values quickly. Without an index, SQL has to begin with the first row and then read through the entire table to find the appropriate rows. The larger the table, the more costly the operation. Choosing a right and efficient index greatly influence on query performance.\n\nFor example,\n\n    CREATE INDEX index_name\n    ON table_name (column1, column2, ...);\n    \n\nFine-tuning Database Design\n---------------------------\n\nImproper database schema designs could result in poor query performances. While not strictly a part of query optimization, tuning the database design can speed up the query execution time drastically.\n\nChanges such as the separation of specific data to different tables (Normalization), combining redundant data (Denormalization), or changing the way how tables are linked (Optimized Join Operations), can be implemented to optimize the schema.\n\nUse of SQL Clauses wisely\n-------------------------\n\nThe usage of certain SQL clauses can help in query optimization like LIMIT, BETWEEN etc.\n\nExample,\n\n    SELECT column1, column2\n    FROM table_name\n    WHERE condition\n    LIMIT 10;\n    \n\nSystem Configuration\n--------------------\n\nMany database systems allow you to configure system parameters that control its behavior during query execution. For instance, in MySQL, you can set parameters like `sort_buffer_size` or `join_buffer_size` to tweak how MySQL would use memory during sorting and joining operations.\n\nIn PostgreSQL, you can set `work_mem` to control how much memory is utilized during operations such as sorting and hashing.\n\nAlways remember the goal of query optimization is to lessen the system resources usage in terms of memory, CPU time, and thus improve the query performance.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "OdaBXz2XBAVLsQ-m7xtAM": {
+    "title": "Transactions",
+    "description": "A `transaction` in SQL is a unit of work that is performed against a database. Transactions are units or sequences of work accomplished in a logical order, whether in a manual fashion by a user or automatically by some sort of a database program.\n\nTransactions are used to ensure data integrity and to handle database errors while processing. SQL transactions are controlled by the following commands:\n\n*   `BEGIN TRANSACTION`\n*   `COMMIT`\n*   `ROLLBACK`\n\nBEGIN TRANSACTION\n-----------------\n\nThis command is used to start a new transaction.\n\n    BEGIN TRANSACTION; \n    \n\nCOMMIT\n------\n\nThe `COMMIT` command is the transactional command used to save changes invoked by a transaction to the database.\n\n    COMMIT;\n    \n\nWhen you commit the transaction, the changes are permanently saved in the database.\n\nROLLBACK\n--------\n\nThe `ROLLBACK` command is the transactional command used to undo transactions that have not already been saved to the database.\n\n    ROLLBACK;\n    \n\nWhen you roll back a transaction, all changes made since the last commit in the database are undone, and the database is rolled back to the state it was in at the last commit.\n\nTransaction Example\n-------------------\n\n    BEGIN TRANSACTION;\n    \n    UPDATE Accounts SET Balance = Balance - 100 WHERE id = 1;\n    UPDATE Accounts SET Balance = Balance + 100 WHERE id = 2;\n    \n    IF @@ERROR = 0\n       COMMIT;\n    ELSE\n       ROLLBACK;\n    \n\nIn this example, we are transferring 100 units from account 1 to account 2 inside a transaction. If any errors occurred during any of the update statements (captured by `@@ERROR`), the transaction is rolled back, otherwise, it is committed.\n\nRemember that for the transaction to be successful, all commands must execute successfully. If any command fails, the transaction fails, the database state is left unchanged and an error is returned.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "7sTW1vwUhCFOMXYjScVEt": {
+    "title": "BEGIN",
+    "description": "`BEGIN` is used in SQL to start a transaction, which is a sequence of one or more SQL operations that are executed as a single unit. A transaction ensures that all operations within it are completed successfully before any changes are committed to the database. If any part of the transaction fails, the `ROLLBACK` command can be used to undo all changes made during the transaction, maintaining the integrity of the database. Once all operations are successfully completed, the `COMMIT` command is used to save the changes. Transactions are crucial for maintaining data consistency and handling errors effectively.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "BEGIN...END Statement",
+        "url": "https://infocenter.sybase.com/help/index.jsp?topic=/com.sybase.infocenter.dc00801.1510/html/iqrefso/BABFBJAB.htm",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "SQL 'BEGIN' & 'END' Statements",
+        "url": "https://reintech.io/blog/understanding-sql-begin-end-statements-guide",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "3cMECz5QPVDOFrk5duObs": {
+    "title": "COMMIT",
+    "description": "The SQL COMMIT command is used to save all the modifications made by the current transaction to the database. A COMMIT command ends the current transaction and makes permanent all changes performed in the transaction. It is a way of ending your transaction and saving your changes to the database.\n\nAfter the SQL COMMIT statement is executed, it can not be rolled back, which means you can't undo the operations. COMMIT command is used when the user is satisfied with the changes made in the transaction, and these changes can now be made permanent in the database.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "SQL COMMIT and ROLLBACK",
+        "url": "https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/sql-commit-sql-rollback",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "xbD67KVlt3UhHpKh8HLx8": {
+    "title": "ROLLBACK",
+    "description": "The `ROLLBACK` command is a transactional control language (TCL) instruction that undoes an unsuccessful or unsatisfactory running transaction. This process also applies to SQL Server where all individual statements in SQL Server are treated as a single atomic transaction.\n\nWhen a `ROLLBACK` command is issued, all the operations (such as Insert, Delete, Update, etc.) are undone and the database is restored to its initial state before the transaction started.\n\nWhen to use `ROLLBACK`\n----------------------\n\n1.  If the transaction is unacceptable or unsuccessful.\n2.  If you want to revert the unwanted changes.\n\nHere is a basic example:\n\n    BEGIN TRANSACTION;  \n    \n    -- This would delete all rows from the table.\n    DELETE FROM Employee;\n    \n    -- Oh no! That's not what I wanted. Let's roll that back.\n    ROLLBACK;\n    \n\nIn this example, the `ROLLBACK` command would restore all deleted data into the `Employee` table.\n\nSQL also allows the usage of `SAVEPOINT`s along with the `ROLLBACK` command, which allows rolling back to a specific point in a transaction, instead of rolling back the entire transaction.\n\nHere is an example of using `SAVEPOINT`s:\n\n    BEGIN TRANSACTION;\n    \n    -- Adding new employee.\n    INSERT INTO Employee(ID, Name) VALUES(1, 'John');\n    \n    -- Create a savepoint to be able to roll back to this point.\n    SAVEPOINT SP1;\n    \n    -- Oh no! I made a mistake creating this employee. Let's roll back to the savepoint.\n    ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT SP1;\n    \n    -- Now I can try again.\n    INSERT INTO Employee(ID, Name) VALUES(1, 'Jack');\n    \n    -- Commit the changes.\n    COMMIT;\n    \n\nIn this example, `ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT SP1` would undo the first insert into the `Employee` table while preserving the state of the database as it was at the savepoint `SP1`. So, the second insert command would properly add 'Jack' in place of 'John'.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "pJtYvXUo81aZfPuRjIbMq": {
+    "title": "SAVEPOINT",
+    "description": "A savepoint is a way of implementing subtransactions (nested transactions) within a relational database management system by indicating a particular point within a transaction that a user can \"roll back\" to in case of failure. The main property of a savepoint is that it enables you to create a rollback segment within a transaction. This allows you to revert the changes made to the database after the Savepoint without having to discard the entire transaction.\n\nA Savepoint might be used in instances where if a particular operation fails, you would like to revert the database to the state it was in before the operation was attempted, but you do not want to give up on the entire transaction.\n\nSavepoint Syntax\n----------------\n\nThe general syntax for `SAVEPOINT`:\n\n    SAVEPOINT savepoint_name;\n    \n\nUse of Savepoint\n----------------\n\nHere is the basic usage of savepoint:\n\n    START TRANSACTION;\n    INSERT INTO Table1 (Column1) VALUES ('Value1');\n    \n    SAVEPOINT SP1;\n    \n    INSERT INTO Table1 (Column1) VALUES ('Value2');\n    \n    ROLLBACK TO SP1;\n    \n    COMMIT;\n    \n\nIn this example, an initial `INSERT` statement is performed before a Savepoint named `SP1` is created. Another `INSERT` statement is called and then `ROLLBACK TO SP1` is executed. This means all changes between the creation of `SP1` and `ROLLBACK TO SP1` are reverted. After that, 'COMMIT' is used to permanently store the changes made by the first `INSERT` statement.\n\nRelease Savepoint\n-----------------\n\nThe `RELEASE SAVEPOINT` deletes a savepoint within a transaction.\n\nHere’s the syntax:\n\n    RELEASE SAVEPOINT savepoint_name;\n    \n\nThe action of releasing a savepoint removes the named savepoint from the set of savepoints of the current transaction. No changes are undone.\n\nRemove Savepoint\n----------------\n\nThe `ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT` removes a savepoint within a transaction.\n\nHere’s the syntax:\n\n    ROLLBACK TRANSACTION TO savepoint_name;\n    \n\nThis statement rolls back a transaction to the named savepoint without terminating the transaction.\n\nPlease note, savepoint names are not case sensitive and must obey the syntax rules of the server.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "igg34gLPl3HYVAmRNFGcV": {
+    "title": "ACID",
+    "description": "ACID are the four properties of relational database systems that help in making sure that we are able to perform the transactions in a reliable manner. It's an acronym which refers to the presence of four properties: atomicity, consistency, isolation and durability\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is ACID Compliant Database?",
+        "url": "https://retool.com/blog/whats-an-acid-compliant-database/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is ACID Compliance?: Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation",
+        "url": "https://fauna.com/blog/what-is-acid-compliance-atomicity-consistency-isolation",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "ACID Explained: Atomic, Consistent, Isolated & Durable",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yaQ5YMWkxq4",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "ujeq8EIFcrqkBjoFizsJM": {
+    "title": "Transaction Isolation Levels",
+    "description": "SQL supports four transaction isolation levels, each differing in how it deals with concurrency and locks to protect the integrity of the data. Each level makes different trade-offs between consistency and performance. Here is a brief of these isolation levels with relevant SQL statements.\n\n1.  **READ UNCOMMITTED** This is the lowest level of isolation. One transaction may read not yet committed changes made by other transaction, also known as \"Dirty Reads\". Here's an example of how to set this level:\n    \n        SET TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL READ UNCOMMITTED;\n        BEGIN TRANSACTION;\n        -- Execute your SQL commands here\n        COMMIT;\n        \n    \n2.  **READ COMMITTED** A transaction only sees data changes committed before it started, averting \"Dirty Reads\". However, it may experience \"Non-repeatable Reads\", i.e. if a transaction reads the same row multiple times, it might get a different result each time. Here's how to set this level:\n    \n        SET TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL READ COMMITTED;\n        BEGIN TRANSACTION;\n        -- Execute your SQL commands here\n        COMMIT;\n        \n    \n3.  **REPEATABLE READ** Here, once a transaction reads a row, any other transaction's writes (changes) onto those rows are blocked until the first transaction is finished, preventing \"Non-repeatable Reads\". However, \"Phantom Reads\" may still occur. Here's how to set this level:\n    \n        SET TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;\n        BEGIN TRANSACTION;\n        -- Execute your SQL commands here\n        COMMIT;\n        \n    \n4.  **SERIALIZABLE** This is the highest level of isolation. It avoids \"Dirty Reads\", \"Non-repeatable Reads\" and \"Phantom Reads\". This is done by fully isolating one transaction from others: read and write locks are acquired on data that are used in a query, preventing other transactions from accessing the respective data. Here's how to set this level:\n    \n        SET TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL SERIALIZABLE;\n        BEGIN TRANSACTION;\n        -- Execute your SQL commands here\n        COMMIT;\n        \n    \n\nRemember, higher levels of isolation usually provide more consistency but can potentially decrease performance due to increased waiting times for locks.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "R1ktDJpXOz0PTllAcBrdu": {
+    "title": "Data Integrity & Security",
+    "description": "Data integrity and security in SQL encompass measures and techniques to ensure data accuracy, consistency, and protection within a database. This includes implementing constraints (like primary keys and foreign keys), using transactions to maintain data consistency, setting up user authentication and authorization, encrypting sensitive data, and regularly backing up the database.\n\nSQL provides various tools and commands to enforce data integrity rules, control access to data, and protect against unauthorized access or data corruption, ensuring the reliability and confidentiality of stored information.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "mBQ3Z8GlFcpIena3IB7D_": {
+    "title": "Data Integrity Constraints",
+    "description": "SQL constraints are used to specify rules for the data in a table. They ensure the accuracy and reliability of the data within the table. If there is any violation between the constraint and the action, the action is aborted by the constraint.\n\nConstraints are classified into two types: column level and table level. Column level constraints apply to individual columns whereas table level constraints apply to the entire table. Each constraint has its own purpose and usage, utilizing them effectively helps maintain the accuracy and integrity of the data.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Integrity Constraints in SQL: A Guide With Examples",
+        "url": "https://www.datacamp.com/tutorial/integrity-constraints-sql",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "03qMopxzjx_-dZbYw9b7J": {
+    "title": "GRANT and Revoke",
+    "description": "`GRANT` and `REVOKE` are SQL commands used to manage user permissions in a database. `GRANT` is used to give specific privileges (such as `SELECT`, `INSERT`, `UPDATE`, `DELETE`) on database objects to users or roles, while `REVOKE` is used to remove these privileges. These commands are essential for implementing database security, controlling access to sensitive data, and ensuring that users have appropriate permissions for their roles. By using `GRANT` and `REVOKE`, database administrators can fine-tune access control, adhering to the principle of least privilege in database management.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "GRANT",
+        "url": "https://www.ibm.com/docs/en/qmf/12.2.0?topic=privileges-sql-grant-statement",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "REVOKE",
+        "url": "https://www.ibm.com/docs/en/qmf/12.2.0?topic=privileges-sql-revoke-statement",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "vhBZqqmUcEon6-Vwvla4q": {
+    "title": "DB Security Best Practices",
+    "description": "Database security is key in ensuring sensitive information is kept intact and isn't exposed to a malicious or accidental breach. Here are some best practices related to SQL security:\n\n1\\. Least Privilege Principle\n-----------------------------\n\nThis principle states that a user should have the minimum levels of access necessary and nothing more. For large systems, this could require a good deal of planning.\n\n2\\. Regular Updates\n-------------------\n\nAlways keep SQL Server patched and updated to gain the benefit of the most recent security updates.\n\n3\\. Complex and Secure Passwords\n--------------------------------\n\nPasswords should be complex and frequently changed. Alongside the use of `GRANT` and `REVOKE`, this is the front line of defense.\n\n4\\. Limiting Remote Access\n--------------------------\n\nIf remote connections to the SQL server are not necessary, it is best to disable it.\n\n5\\. Avoid Using SQL Server Admin Account\n----------------------------------------\n\nYou should avoid using the SQL Server admin account for regular database operations to limit security risk.\n\n6\\. Encrypt Communication\n-------------------------\n\nTo protect against data sniffing, all communication between SQL Server and applications should be encrypted.\n\n7\\. Database Backups\n--------------------\n\nRegular database backups are crucial for data integrity if there happens to be a data loss.\n\n8\\. Monitoring and Auditing\n---------------------------\n\nRegularly monitor and audit your database operations to keep track of who does what in your database.\n\n9\\. Regular Vulnerability Scanning\n----------------------------------\n\nUse a vulnerability scanner to assess the security posture of your SQL.\n\n10\\. SQL Injection\n------------------\n\nSQL injection can be reduced by using parameterized queries or prepared statements.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is database security?",
+        "url": "https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/resources/cloud-computing-dictionary/what-is-database-security",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "w7FNjdwqjY7X69aJqqBy4": {
+    "title": "Stored Procedures & Functions",
+    "description": "A SQL stored procedure is a set of SQL code that can be saved and reused. In other words, it's a precompiled object because it's compiled at a time when it's created on the database. Stored procedures can take parameters, process the tasks or query the database, and return a result.\n\nHere's a basic example:\n\n    CREATE PROCEDURE getEmployeesBySalary\n      @minSalary int\n    AS\n    BEGIN\n      SELECT firstName, lastName\n      FROM Employees\n      WHERE salary > @minSalary\n    END\n    GO\n    \n\nTo call this stored procedure, we would use:\n\n    EXEC getEmployeesBySalary 50000\n    \n\nFunctions\n---------\n\nA SQL function is a set of SQL statements that perform a specific task. Functions must return a value or result. We can use these functions in SELECT, INSERT, DELETE, UPDATE statements.\n\nThere are two types of functions in SQL:\n\n*   **Scalar functions**, which return a single value and can be used where single expressions are used. For instance:\n\n    CREATE FUNCTION addNumbers(@a int, @b int)\n    RETURNS int \n    AS \n    BEGIN\n       RETURN @a + @b\n    END\n    \n\n*   **Table-valued functions**, which return a table. They can be used in JOIN clauses as if they were a normal table. For example:\n\n    CREATE FUNCTION getBooks (@authorID INT)\n    RETURNS TABLE\n    AS \n    RETURN (\n       SELECT books.title, books.publicationYear \n       FROM books \n       WHERE books.authorID = @authorID\n    )\n    \n\nTo call this function:\n\n    SELECT title, publicationYear \n    FROM getBooks(3)",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "4rqCPpTb0dAgpheBKshRG": {
+    "title": "Performance Optimization",
+    "description": "SQL performance optimization is crucial for accelerating SQL queries and improving overall database performance. Most importantly, it ensures smooth and efficient execution of SQL statements, which can result in better application performance and user experience.\n\n1\\. Indexes\n-----------\n\nCreating indexes is one of the prominent ways to optimize SQL performance. They accelerate lookup and retrieval of data from a database.\n\n    CREATE INDEX index_name\n    ON table_name (column1, column2, ...);\n    \n\nRemember, though indexes speed up data retrieval, they can slow down data modification such as `INSERT`, `UPDATE`, and `DELETE`.\n\n2\\. Avoid SELECT \\*\n-------------------\n\nGet only the required columns instead of fetching all columns using `SELECT *`. It reduces the amount of data that needs to be read from the disk.\n\n    SELECT required_column FROM table_name;\n    \n\n3\\. Use Join Instead of Multiple Queries\n----------------------------------------\n\nUsing join clauses can combine rows from two or more tables in a single query based on a related column between them. This reduces the number of queries hitting the database, improving performance.\n\n    SELECT Orders.OrderID, Customers.CustomerName\n    FROM Orders\n    INNER JOIN Customers\n    ON Orders.CustomerID=Customers.CustomerID;\n    \n\n4\\. Use LIMIT\n-------------\n\nIf only a certain number of rows are necessary, use the LIMIT keyword to restrict the number of rows returned by the query.\n\n    SELECT column FROM table LIMIT 10;\n    \n\n5\\. Avoid using LIKE Operator with Wildcards at the Start\n---------------------------------------------------------\n\nUsing wildcard at the start of a query (`LIKE '%search_term'`) can lead to full table scans.\n\n    SELECT column FROM table WHERE column LIKE 'search_term%';\n    \n\n6\\. Optimize Database Schema\n----------------------------\n\nDatabase schema involves how data is organized and should be optimized for better performance.\n\n7\\. Use EXPLAIN\n---------------\n\nMany databases have 'explain plan' functionality that shows the plan of the database engine to execute the query.\n\n    EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM table_name WHERE column = 'value';\n    \n\nThis can give insight into performance bottlenecks like full table scans, missing indices, etc.\n\n8\\. Denormalization\n-------------------\n\nIn some cases, it might be beneficial to denormalize the database to a certain extent to reduce complex joins and queries. Keep in mind that this is usually the last resort and may not always yield the desired results.\n\nRemember, each query and database is unique, so what might work in one scenario might not work in another. It is always crucial to test the queries in a controlled and isolated environment before pushing them into production.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "9wOgP0i9G4HSeZGn2Gm7r": {
+    "title": "Using Indexes",
+    "description": "Indexes in SQL are used as a way to quicken the rate of retrieval operations on a database table. Much like the index in a book, SQL indexes allow the database program to find the data without needing to go through every row in a table and thus improves performance.\n\nTypes of Indexes:\n-----------------\n\n1.  **Single-Column Indexes:**\n\nThese are created based on only one table column. The syntax for creating a single column index is as follows:\n\n    CREATE INDEX index_name\n    ON table_name (column1);\n    \n\n2.  **Unique Indexes:**\n\nThey ensure the data contained in a column or a combination of two or more columns is unique. Syntax to create unique index is as follows:\n\n    CREATE UNIQUE INDEX index_name\n    ON table_name (column1, column2...);\n    \n\n3.  **Composite Indexes:**\n\nThese are based on two or more columns of a table. It's important to note that, the order of columns in the definition of an index is important. Syntax to create a Composite Indexes is as follows:\n\n    CREATE INDEX index_name\n    ON table_name (column1, column2);\n    \n\n4.  **Implicit Indexes:**\n\nThese are indexes that are automatically created by the database server when an object is defined. For example, when a primary key is defined.\n\nHow Indexes Work\n----------------\n\nSQL indexes work by storing a part of a table's data in a place where it can be accessed extremely swiftly. The index holds the column value, and the location of the record itself. This is similar to how an index in a book stores the word, and the page number on which the word can be found.\n\nConsiderations\n--------------\n\nWhile they do provide a significant advantage, they also require additional storage and can slow down the rate of updates and inserts into a database. As such, indexes should be used judiciously, taking into consideration the nature of the data in the table and the kinds of queries that will be used.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "C0dhS6uLf4TUSfvcWyXhv": {
+    "title": "Optimizing Joins",
+    "description": "Query optimization for joins is an essential aspect in improving the execution speed of your SQL commands and reduce the response time. Joins, particularly the ones involving multiple tables, can be quite costly in terms of database performance. Here are some methods to optimize joins in SQL:\n\n1\\. Minimize the Number of Tables in the Join\n---------------------------------------------\n\nTry to keep the number of tables in each join operation as low as possible. Remove any tables which are not necessary to retrieve the requested data.\n\n    SELECT Customers.CustomerName, Orders.OrderID\n    FROM Customers\n    JOIN Orders\n    ON Customers.CustomerID = Orders.CustomerID\n    ORDER BY Customers.CustomerName;\n    \n\n2\\. Check the Order of Tables in the Join\n-----------------------------------------\n\nThe order in which tables are joined can have a considerable impact on the execution time. As a general rule, join the tables that have the most rows last. If you are joining more than two tables, and aren’t certain of the best order, you can try different orders to see which gives the best performance.\n\n    SELECT *\n    FROM Table1 -- smallest table\n    JOIN Table2 ON Table1.ID = Table2.ID -- larger table\n    JOIN Table3 ON Table1.ID = Table3.ID -- largest table\n    \n\n3\\. Always Use Indexes\n----------------------\n\nUsing indexes helps improve the speed at which SQL can execute a join. Indexes are particularly useful if your join involves columns that are often involved in where clauses or sort operations. SQL can utilize indexes to quickly locate the rows it needs, and this can drastically improve performance.\n\n    CREATE INDEX idx_columnname\n    ON table_name (column_name);\n    \n\n4\\. Use Subqueries\n------------------\n\nSometimes, it would be faster to retrieve the data in multiple steps using subqueries. In the below example, instead of joining, we are retrieving IDs using a subquery and then fetching the data using those IDs.\n\n    SELECT column_name(s)\n    FROM table1\n    WHERE column_name IN (SELECT column_name FROM table2);\n    \n\n5\\. Use Explicit JOIN Syntax\n----------------------------\n\nUse of explicit syntax helps in better understanding of the relations between the tables, thus enabling the SQL execution engine to get optimized plans.\n\n    SELECT Orders.OrderID, Customers.CustomerName\n    FROM Orders\n    INNER JOIN Customers\n    ON Orders.CustomerID = Customers.CustomerID;\n    \n\nIn conclusion, the optimization of joins is an art that requires some level of knowledge about database design and how SQL works under the hood. A performance-efficient SQL code needs thorough testing and trial-n-run for different scenarios.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "UVTgbZrqpbYl1bQvQejcF": {
+    "title": "Reducing Subqueries",
+    "description": "SQL subqueries allow you to nest a SELECT statement inside another query. However, while this can sometimes simplify the code, the drawback is they can result in long-running queries and reduced performance. Therefore, optimizing queries often involves reducing subqueries. Two common ways to achieve this include using JOINS and 'EXISTS' clause.\n\n1.  **JOIN:** A JOIN clause combines rows from two or more tables based on a related column. In many cases, a JOIN can replace a subquery with equivalent logic, but with improved performance.\n\nAn example would be a scenario where you have two tables `Orders` and `Customers`, and you want to find orders made by a specific customer:\n\nSubquery could be:\n\n    SELECT OrderNumber \n    FROM Orders \n    WHERE CustomerID IN (\n      SELECT CustomerID \n      FROM Customers \n      WHERE CustomerName = 'John Doe'\n      );\n    \n\nEquivalent JOIN:\n\n    SELECT o.OrderNumber \n    FROM Orders o \n    JOIN Customers c ON o.CustomerID = c.CustomerID \n    WHERE c.CustomerName = 'John Doe';\n    \n\n2.  **EXISTS:** The EXISTS operator checks for the existence of rows returned by the subquery. Many times, a subquery can be replaced with an EXISTS clause which would greatly increase performance as EXISTS will stop processing once it hits a true condition and does not need to check all results like IN would.\n\nConsider you want to find all customers who have placed at least one order:\n\nSubquery might be:\n\n    SELECT * \n    FROM Customers \n    WHERE CustomerID IN (\n      SELECT CustomerID \n      FROM Orders\n      );\n    \n\nEquivalent EXISTS use case:\n\n    SELECT *\n    FROM Customers c\n    WHERE EXISTS (\n      SELECT 1\n      FROM Orders o\n      WHERE c.CustomerID = o.CustomerID\n      );\n    \n\nWhile it's important to minimize subqueries whenever possible, there may be cases where you cannot replace a subquery, especially when dealing with correlated subqueries or complex queries where rewriting might be nontrivial or not feasible.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "w53CSY53nAAN0ux-XeJ4c": {
+    "title": "Selective Projection",
+    "description": "Selective projection in SQL is a concept related to retrieving only specific columns from a table rather than retrieving all columns. It's one of the most basic ways to optimize your queries in SQL and make them more efficient.\n\nIn SQL, a projection refers to the operation in which we choose certain columns (instead of all columns) from the table for our query results. If a table has numerous columns, and we only need data from a few of them, it's more efficient to only select those specific columns in the SQL query. This reduces the amount of data that needs to be scanned and fetched from the database, thereby improving performance.\n\nExamples\n--------\n\nLet's take an example where you have a \"students\" table with the following columns: Id, Name, Age, Gender, Department, and City. If you only need Name and Department information, you should use a selective projection to specify only these columns in your SELECT statement:\n\n    SELECT Name, Department \n    FROM students\n    \n\nThis query returns just the Name and Department columns, rather than all fields in the students table.\n\nIn contrast, if you used a `SELECT *` statement:\n\n    SELECT * \n    FROM students\n    \n\nThis would return all columns from the \"students\" table which can be inefficient if you don't need all that data.\n\nSelective projection can greatly optimize your SQL queries by minimizing the amount of data handled. It's especially beneficial when tables have large amounts of data and many columns, but only a subset of information is required.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "C6P69YiFdS-ioPXMNfX07": {
+    "title": "Query Analysis Techniques",
+    "description": "Query analysis is a critical part of performance optimization in SQL. It involves critically examining your SQL queries to determine potential bottlenecks, unnecessary computations or data fetch operations, and areas where you can implement performance optimization techniques.\n\nExplain Plan\n------------\n\nSQL provides an \"EXPLAIN PLAN\" statement that can be utilized to understand the execution plan of a query. This is used to analyze the performance of SQL commands before actually executing them.\n\nWhen running the command, the output shows the steps involved in executing the query and an estimation of the cost involved with each step. The cost is a unitless value representing the resources required to perform the operation.\n\n    EXPLAIN PLAN FOR SELECT * FROM table_name;\n    \n\nIndex Usage\n-----------\n\nUsing appropriate indexes is crucial for query performance. Unnecessary full table scans can be avoided if the correct indexes are present. Even though SQL will automatically determine the appropriate index to use, it can be helpful to manually specify which index to use for complex queries.\n\n    CREATE INDEX idx_column ON table_name(column_name);\n    \n\nJoin Optimization\n-----------------\n\nThe order in which tables are joined can have a large impact on query performance. In general, you should join tables in a way that results in the smallest result set as early as possible.\n\nLook out for \"Nested Loops\" in your explain plan. These can be a cause of slow performance if a large number of rows are being processed.\n\n    SELECT *\n    FROM table1\n    INNER JOIN table2 ON table1.id = table2.id;\n    \n\nRegular Performance Tests\n-------------------------\n\nRegular query performance testing can catch slow queries before they become a problem. Utilizing tools that can monitor and report query performance can help you keep an eye on your database's performance.\n\nAlso, continual analysis of the query performance should be done as your data grows. A query that performs well with a small dataset may not do so when the dataset grows.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "UDqbT1y-YzBrljfKSz_RG": {
+    "title": "Advanced SQL",
+    "description": "Advanced SQL concepts encompass a wide range of sophisticated techniques and features that go beyond basic querying and data manipulation. These include complex joins, subqueries, window functions, stored procedures, triggers, and advanced indexing strategies. By mastering these concepts, database professionals can optimize query performance, implement complex business logic, ensure data integrity, and perform advanced data analysis, enabling them to tackle more challenging database management and data processing tasks in large-scale, enterprise-level applications.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "TjgwabhEtaSoYMLNr6q9l": {
+    "title": "Recursive Queries",
+    "description": "Recursive queries are advanced SQL queries used for data analysis, especially when working with hierarchical or tree-structured data. These queries are implemented using Common Table Expressions (CTEs). CTEs have the same structure as a standard SELECT statement but are prefixed with `WITH`, followed by the CTE name and an optional list of columns.\n\nCTEs can be recursive and non-recursive. The non-recursive CTE is a query that is executed once and then goes out of scope.\n\nRecursive CTE\n-------------\n\nA recursive CTE is a CTE that references itself. Recursive CTEs have a minimum of two queries, an anchor member (runs only once), and a recursive member (runs repeatedly). Include a UNION ALL statement between these queries.\n\nHere's a sample of a recursive CTE:\n\n    WITH RECURSIVE ancestors AS (\n      SELECT employee_id, manager_id, full_name\n      FROM employees\n      WHERE manager_id IS NULL\n      \n      UNION ALL\n    \n      SELECT e.employee_id, e.manager_id, e.full_name\n      FROM employees e\n      INNER JOIN ancestors a ON a.employee_id = e.manager_id\n    )\n    SELECT * FROM ancestors;\n    \n\nIn this code snippet, the first query is the anchor member that fetches the employees with no manager. The second part is the recursive member, continuously fetching managers until none are left.\n\nSyntax of Recursive CTE\n-----------------------\n\nHere's the general structure of a recursive CTE:\n\n    WITH RECURSIVE cte_name (column_list) AS (\n      \n      -- Anchor member\n      SELECT column_list\n      FROM table_name\n      WHERE condition\n      \n      UNION ALL\n      \n      -- Recursive member\n      SELECT column_list\n      FROM table_name\n      INNER JOIN cte_name ON condition\n    )\n    SELECT * FROM cte_name;\n    \n\nNote: some database systems such as MySQL, PostgreSQL, and SQLite use `WITH RECURSIVE` for recursive CTEs. Others like SQL Server, Oracle, and DB2 use just `WITH`.\n\nRemember to be careful when setting the conditions for your recursive query to avoid infinite loops.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "nwFaz9i-1s0WVrVaFsoqb": {
+    "title": "Pivot / Unpivot Operations",
+    "description": "PIVOT\n-----\n\nThe PIVOT operator is used in SQL to rotate the table data from rows to columns, essentially transforming the data into a matrix format. This operator allows you to create a crosstab view of the data, with selected columns as rows and others as columns, providing a summary view.\n\nHere is a general example of the syntax:\n\n    SELECT ...\n    FROM ...\n    PIVOT (aggregate_function(column_to_aggregate)\n        FOR column_to_pivot \n        IN (list_of_values))\n    \n\n**Example**: Let's assume we have a 'Sales' table with 'Year', 'Quarter' and 'Amount' columns. If we want to turn 'Quarter' values into columns, we might use:\n\n    SELECT * FROM \n    (\n      SELECT Year, Quarter, Amount\n      FROM Sales\n    ) \n    PIVOT \n    (\n      SUM(Amount)\n      FOR Quarter IN ('Q1' 'Q2' 'Q3' 'Q4')\n    )\n    \n\nThis would give us each year as a row and each quarter as a column, with the total sales for each quarter in the cells.\n\nUNPIVOT\n-------\n\nThe UNPIVOT operator performs the reverse operation to PIVOT, rotating columns into rows. If the columns you're converting have a certain relationship, this can be factored into a single column instead.\n\nHere is a general example of the syntax:\n\n    SELECT ...\n    FROM ...\n    UNPIVOT (column_for_values \n        FOR column_for_names IN (list_of_columns))\n    \n\n**Example**: Conversely, if we want to transform the quarter columns back into rows from the previous 'Sales' pivot table, we would use:\n\n    SELECT * FROM \n    (\n      SELECT Year, Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4\n      FROM Sales\n    ) \n    UNPIVOT \n    (\n      Amount\n      FOR Quarter IN (Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4)\n    )\n    \n\nThis would result in each combination of year and quarter as a row, with the amount sold in that quarter as the 'Amount' column. Keep in mind, the UNPIVOTed data isn't equivalent to the original data as the original data might have had multiple rows for each year/quarter.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "tBvXLLp5FKeSSN35Kj1X4": {
+    "title": "Window Functions",
+    "description": "SQL Window functions enable you perform calculations on a set of rows related to the current row. This set of rows is known as a 'window', hence 'Window Functions'.\n\nThese are termed so because they perform a calculation across a set of rows which are related to the current row - somewhat like a sliding window.\n\nThere are four types of window functions in SQL:\n\n*   **Aggregate functions:** These functions compute a single output value for a group of input values (like averages, sums).\n\n    SELECT department, salary,\n    AVG(salary) OVER (PARTITION BY department) as avg_departmental_salary\n    FROM employee;\n    \n\n*   **Ranking functions:** These functions allocate a unique rank to each row within each window partition.\n\n    SELECT department, salary,\n    RANK() OVER (PARTITION BY department ORDER BY salary DESC) as salary_rank\n    FROM employee;\n    \n\n*   **Value functions:** These functions provide information about the window partition or the row's position within it, for example - `FIRST_VALUE`, `LAST_VALUE`, `NTH_VALUE`.\n\n    SELECT department, salary,\n    FIRST_VALUE(salary) OVER (PARTITION BY department ORDER BY salary DESC) as highest_salary\n    FROM employee;\n    \n\n*   **Offset functions:** The offset functions provide a way of accessing data from another row in the same result set without joining the table to itself. They can answer questions concerning the value on the row before or after the current row, for example - `LEAD`, `LAG`.\n\n    SELECT department, salary,\n    LAG(salary) OVER (PARTITION BY department ORDER BY salary) as previous_salary,\n    LEAD(salary) OVER (PARTITION BY department ORDER BY salary) as next_salary\n    FROM employee;\n    \n\nIn using window functions, the `OVER` clause defines the windows or group of rows for function to consider, `PARTITION BY` breaks up the window by a specific column(s), and `ORDER BY` orders rows within the window.\n\nIt's important to note that SQL window functions do not cause rows to become grouped into a single output row like aggregate methods do. Therefore, they do not reduce the number of rows returned by the query, each row maintains its individual identity.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "tedQynR0xicVKhuR1oahw": {
+    "title": "Common Table Expressions",
+    "description": "Common Table Expressions (CTEs) in SQL are named temporary result sets that exist within the scope of a single `SELECT`, `INSERT`, `UPDATE`, `DELETE`, or `MERGE` statement. Defined using the `WITH` clause, CTEs act like virtual tables that can be referenced multiple times within a query. They improve query readability, simplify complex queries by breaking them into manageable parts, and allow for recursive queries. CTEs are particularly useful for hierarchical or graph-like data structures and can enhance query performance in some database systems.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Common Table Expressions (CTEs)",
+        "url": "https://hightouch.com/sql-dictionary/sql-common-table-expression-cte",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "z5Sf0VU14ZCQ80kL1qOqc": {
+    "title": "Dynamic SQL",
+    "description": "Dynamic SQL is a programming method that allows you to build SQL statements dynamically at runtime. It allows you to create more flexible and adaptable applications because you can manipulate the SQL statements on the fly, in response to inputs or changing conditions.\n\nConsider an application where a user can choose multiple search conditions from a range of choices. You might not know how many conditions the user will choose, or what they'll be until runtime. With static SQL, you would have to include a large number of potential search conditions in your WHERE clause. With dynamic SQL, you can build the search string based on the user's actual choices. Note that while the use of Dynamic SQL offers greater flexibility, it also comes with potential security risks such as SQL Injection, and should be used judiciously. Always validate and sanitize inputs when building dynamic queries.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Dynamic SQL in SQL Server",
+        "url": "https://www.sqlshack.com/dynamic-sql-in-sql-server/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "zW27ZHdLwQY-85iqbBKQZ": {
+    "title": "Row_number",
+    "description": "**ROW\\_NUMBER()** is a SQL window function that assigns a unique number to each row in the result set.\n\nSyntax:\n\n    ROW_NUMBER() OVER (\n    [ORDER BY column_name]\n    )\n    \n\nFeatures:\n---------\n\n*   Numbers are assigned based on the `ORDER BY` clause of `ROW_NUMBER()`.\n*   In case of identical values in the `ORDER BY` clause, the function assigns numbers arbitrarily.\n*   In other words, the sequence of numbers generated by `ROW_NUMBER()` is not guaranteed to be the same for the same set of data.\n\nExamples:\n---------\n\n**Example 1:** Basic usage of ROW\\_NUMBER() on a single column\n\n    SELECT \n        name, \n        ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY name) row_number\n    FROM \n        employees;\n    \n\nIn this example, `ROW_NUMBER()` is used to assign a unique number to each row in the employees table, ordered by the employee names alphabetically.\n\n**Example 2:** Using ROW\\_NUMBER() to rank rows in each partition\n\n    SELECT \n        department_id, \n        first_name, \n        salary, \n        ROW_NUMBER() OVER (\n            PARTITION BY department_id \n            ORDER BY salary DESC) row_number\n    FROM \n        employees;\n    \n\nIn this example, `ROW_NUMBER()` is used to rank employee salaries within each department (i.e., partitioned by `department_id`). In each department, employees with higher salaries are assigned lower row numbers.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "cucCPw3KfetAP2OMFUs0X": {
+    "title": "rank",
+    "description": "`RANK()` is a window function in SQL that assigns a unique rank to each distinct row within a partition of a result set. The rank of the first row within each partition is one. The `RANK()` function adds the number of tied rows to the tied rank to calculate the next rank. So the ranks may not be consecutive numbers.\n\nParameters of RANK Function\n---------------------------\n\nThere are no arguments for the `RANK()` function. However, since it's a window function, the function operates on a set of rows (window) defined by the `OVER` clause, which is mandatory.\n\nSyntax\n------\n\nThe syntax of `RANK` function is:\n\n    RANK () OVER (\n        [PARTITION BY column_1, column_2,…]\n        ORDER BY column_3,column_4,… \n    )\n    \n\n`PARTITION BY`: This clause divides the rows into multiple groups or partitions upon which the `RANK()` function is applied.\n\n`ORDER BY`: This clause sorts the rows in each partition.\n\nIf `PARTITION BY` is not specified, the function treats all rows in the result set as a single partition.\n\nExamples\n--------\n\nHere's an example query using the `RANK()` function:\n\n    SELECT\n        product_name, \n        brand, \n        RANK () OVER (\n        PARTITION BY brand\n        ORDER BY product_name ASC\n    ) Product_rank\n    FROM\n        products;\n    \n\nIn this example, it generates a list of products, grouped by brand, and ranked by product\\_name within each brand. The `product_name` with the smallest value (alphabetically first when sorting ASC) gets a rank of 1 within its partition.\n\nImportant Notes\n---------------\n\n*   `RANK()` function may return duplicate rankings if the column on which the function is applied contains duplicate values.\n*   The `RANK()` function will leave a gap and create a non-consecutive ranking if there are equal rankings (ties).\n*   `RANK()` function offers a very efficient way to solve top-N problems.\n\nYou might also be interested in looking at other similar ranking functions in SQL like `DENSE_RANK()`, `ROW_NUMBER()`, etc.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "QM0ltgPu8lLLYc2MsTLj-": {
+    "title": "dense_rank",
+    "description": "`DENSE_RANK` is a window function in SQL that assigns a rank to each row within a window partition, with no gaps in the ranking numbers.\n\nUnlike the `RANK` function, `DENSE_RANK` does not skip any rank (positions in the order). If you have, for example, 1st, 2nd, and 2nd, the next rank listed would be 3rd when using `DENSE_RANK`, whereas it would be 4th using the `RANK` function. The `DENSE_RANK` function operates on a set of rows, called a window, and in that window, values are compared to each other.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "SQL DENSE_RANK",
+        "url": "https://www.sqltutorial.org/sql-window-functions/sql-dense_rank/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "aJJjaGunRrwyh9MjQfJt-": {
+    "title": "lead",
+    "description": "`LEAD` is a window function in SQL that provides access to a row at a specified offset after the current row within a partition. It's the counterpart to the `LAG` function, allowing you to look ahead in your dataset rather than behind. `LEAD` is useful for comparing current values with future values, calculating forward-looking metrics, or analyzing trends in sequential data. Like `LAG`, it takes arguments for the column to offset, the number of rows to look ahead (default is 1), and an optional default value when the offset exceeds the partition's boundary.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "SQL LEAD",
+        "url": "https://www.codecademy.com/resources/docs/sql/window-functions/lead",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "BcXdxY6bld5c0YNFSKkh-": {
+    "title": "lag",
+    "description": "`LAG` is a window function in SQL that provides access to a row at a specified offset prior to the current row within a partition. It allows you to compare the current row's values with previous rows' values without using self-joins. LAG is particularly useful for calculating running differences, identifying trends, or comparing sequential data points in time-series analysis. The function takes the column to offset, the number of rows to offset (default is 1), and an optional default value to return when the offset goes beyond the partition's boundary.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Understanding the LAG function in SQL",
+        "url": "https://www.datacamp.com/tutorial/sql-lag",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/public/roadmap-content/technical-writer.json b/public/roadmap-content/technical-writer.json
new file mode 100644
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+++ b/public/roadmap-content/technical-writer.json
@@ -0,0 +1,438 @@
+{
+  "HlUUGj3dOZ68t4gIjerXh": {
+    "title": "Introduction",
+    "description": "Technical writing involves explaining complex concepts in a simple, easy-to-understand language to a specific audience. This form of writing is commonly utilized in fields such as engineering, computer hardware and software, finance, consumer electronics, and biotechnology. The primary objective of a technical writer is to simplify complicated information and present it in a clear and concise manner. Duties of a technical writer may include creating how-to guides, instruction manuals, FAQ pages, journal articles, and other technical content that can aid the user understanding. The ultimate goal is to enable the user to understand and navigate a new product or concept without difficulty.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "ZRGsokU313Ky-anWbWK6q": {
+    "title": "Who is a Technical Writer?",
+    "description": "A **Technical Writer** is a professional communicator whose role is focused on creating, updating, and managing technical documentation, instructional manuals, how-to guides, and similar documents. These professionals have the skillset to translate complex technical information into simplified terms that can be easily understood. Technical writers often work closely with software engineers, project managers, system analysts, and other technical experts to gather information. They can be found across a wide range of industries, including IT, engineering, scientific research, medical, and others. The ultimate aim of a technical writer is to enable the end-users, whether they are customers, employees, or any stakeholders, to comprehend and use a product or service effortlessly.",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What Is a Technical Writer?",
+        "url": "https://boffin.education/introduction-to-technical-writing/#2-what-is-a-technical-writer",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "A Day in the Life of a Technical Writer",
+        "url": "https://boffin.education/technical-writing-roles-and-responsibilities/#4-a-day-in-the-life-of-a-technical-writer",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Glossary of Technical Writing Terms: \"Technical Writer\"",
+        "url": "https://boffin.education/glossary-of-technical-writing-terms/#technical-writer",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "jl1FsQ5-WGKeFyaILNt_p": {
+    "title": "What is Technical Writing?",
+    "description": "Technical writing involves explaining complex concepts in a simple, easy-to-understand language to a specific audience. This form of writing is commonly utilized in fields such as engineering, computer hardware and software, finance, consumer electronics, and biotechnology.\n\nThe primary objective of a technical writer is to simplify complicated information and present it in a clear and concise manner. The duties of a technical writer may include creating how-to guides, instruction manuals, FAQ pages, journal articles, and other technical content that can aid the user's understanding.\n\nTechnical writing prioritizes clear and consistent communication, using straightforward language and maintaining a uniform writing style to prevent confusion. Technical writers often integrate visual aids and leverage documentation tools to achieve these objectives.\n\nThe ultimate goal is to enable the user to understand and navigate a new product or concept without difficulty.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "j69erqfosSZMDlmKcnnn0": {
+    "title": "Role of Technical Writers inOrganizations",
+    "description": "The role of a **Technical Writer** is primarily to translate complex technical information into simpler language that is easy to understand for a non-technical audience. They design, write, edit, and rewrite technical pieces like operating instructions, FAQs, installation guides, and more. Apart from this, they also gather and disseminate technical information among customers, designers, and manufacturers. Essentially, their job involves communicating technical terminologies and a clear understanding of complex information to those who need it in an easy-to-understand format.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "cNeT1dJDfgn0ndPzSxhSL": {
+    "title": "Forms of Technical Writing",
+    "description": "These can range from user manuals, how-to guides, white papers, design specifications, and project plans, among others. Each form serves a different purpose and audience. For instance, user manuals are typically directed towards end users, providing step-by-step instructions on how to use a particular product. On the other hand, design specifications target developers or technical teams, detailing how a certain technology or product should be designed or built. These various forms highlight the breadth and diversity of output that a technical writer can create. It's essential for a technical writer to understand the distinctions and appropriate usage of these forms to effectively communicate technical information.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "FVxNjbDBxgf6vkZWw1Awt": {
+    "title": "Growth as a Technical Writer",
+    "description": "The growth phase in the field of technical writing is intriguing. As a technical writer gains experience and demonstrates excellent work consistently, they are likely to encounter many opportunities for growth. This can include taking on more complex projects, managing teams, or even moving toward strategic roles. Career advancement may involve specializing in specific industries or gaining fluency in cutting-edge tools and formats. Technical writers may also grow by expanding their skill set to encompass related fields like data analysis, UX writing, content management, or project coordination.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "8rjUZ9NZPGwVRGmk6Dlyb": {
+    "title": "Required Skills",
+    "description": "Here are Core Skills required to become a proficient **Technical Writer**:\n\n1.  **Writing Skills**: Excellent grasp over language and grammar, superior spelling ability, and an understanding of punctuation are essential for a technical writer.\n    \n2.  **Technical Expertise**: They should have a good understanding of complex technical concepts and translate them into understandable content.\n    \n3.  **Research Skills**: Identifying the needs of the end-user, and the ability to quickly understand new concepts and technologies.\n    \n4.  **Tools Proficiency**: Technical writers must be proficient in various communication and publishing tools like Microsoft word, Google Docs, Adobe Acrobat, and Photoshop, etc.\n    \n5.  **Design skills**: Understanding of basics of layout and design is a huge plus for technical writers.\n    \n6.  **Attention to Detail**: They should be detail-oriented to create clean, high-quality content.\n    \n7.  **Organization Skills**: They should have the ability to manage multiple projects and consistently meet deadlines.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "DubLTESNn3wvEH_bKQZbP": {
+    "title": "Technology Expertise",
+    "description": "**Tech Expertise**: The technical expertise of a technical writer mainly refers to their understanding of the technology or the topic they are writing about. It encompasses their ability to efficiently understand complex technical processes, terminologies, and products, and translate them into simpler, more understandable language. This understanding might be based on their formal education in technical disciplines, personal interest, or gained experience in the industry. It's worth noting that tech expertise is not about being a subject matter expert on every technical field, but rather having the skills to comprehend and interpret information accurately. It involves the use of various software tools, Research and Development (R&D), and sometimes coding. This proficiency allows technical writers to create thorough, accurate, user-friendly documents and manuals.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "kNIiAJrvrNoOAllUbRtUB": {
+    "title": "Language Proficiency",
+    "description": "\"Language Proficiency\" is extensively required in the area of technical writing. This skill involves having an exceptional command over the language that the technical document is being written in. This includes not just general fluency, but also understanding the intricacies of grammar, semantics, syntax, and vocabulary. In particular, a technical writer should be able to explain complex ideas using simple and accessible language. This helps in enhancing the clarity and effectiveness of the technical documents being produced. It's also beneficial to be familiar with the terms and phrasing commonly used in the specific industry or field that the technical documentation pertains to.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "7-3tqRUpntoQP4nK_nul5": {
+    "title": "Written Communication Proficiency",
+    "description": "Written communication is a critical asset in a technical writer's skill set. This skill is not just about having a good command of grammar and vocabulary, but also the ability to convey complex information in an understandable, clear and concise manner. A proficient technical writer should know how to structure their content appropriately, maintain a consistent tone and voice, and use illustrative examples to make the concepts more relatable for the audience. Accuracy is essential in written communication as technical writing often involves descriptions of intricate processes or use-cases where there is no margin for error. Understanding the nuances of different writing styles and adapting to the intended audience's comprehension level are also a part of effective written communication.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "_5xFbl2BHx0f2u9HmSVS8": {
+    "title": "Tooling",
+    "description": "In the realm of technical writing, \"tooling\" refers to the various software and applications technical writers utilize to create, manage, and publish high-quality technical documentation. This can include word processors, desktop publishing apps, XML editors, content management systems, and many more. Some popular examples of tools used by technical writers include Microsoft Word, Google Docs, Adobe FrameMaker, MadCap Flare, Markdown, GitHub, and Jira. These tools enhance productivity by allowing for document versioning, enabling collaboration, offering templates for consistent formatting, providing features for managing large amounts of content, and even offering functionality for translating documentation into multiple languages. The choice of tools depends on the specific needs and workflow of the technical writer or the organization they are working for.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "jC3ZrpskBqzxiV6SKf4Uf": {
+    "title": "Publishing Tools",
+    "description": "When discussing the realm of tooling in technical writing, publishing plays a significant role. It involves the final process of making the documentation accessible to users. There are various tools used for publishing like Adobe FrameMaker, MadCap Flare, Jekyll, etc, which support different formats like PDF, HTML, ePubs, etc. They could also include features for version control, collaboration, and content reuse. This not only makes the content accessible to the users but also ensures that the documentation is kept consistent and up-to-date.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "cSZbTOB0FPPOlGzy-MkSi": {
+    "title": "Plagiarism Checker",
+    "description": "**Plagiarism** refers to the act of copying someone else's work, ideas, or expressions and presenting them as your own without giving due credit to the original author. This unoriginal practice is seen as theft of intellectual property and can incur serious repercussions in both academic and professional settings. In the case of technical writing, using specialized plagiarism detection softwares is crucial to ensure the originality and authenticity of the content. Some of these detection tools include Turnitin, Grammarly, Copyscape, and many more. They work by cross-referencing your work with a vast database of academic and professional documents to identify any matching phrases that could constitute plagiarism.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "Am_ocP3r0HM45LYfMcQxM": {
+    "title": "Editing Tools",
+    "description": "### Editing\n\nEditing refers to the process of reviewing and correcting written material to improve accuracy, readability, and fitness for its purpose, and to ensure that it is free of error, omission, inconsistency, and repetition. In the context of technical writing, effective editing is essential for producing high quality content. This involves checking the document for grammatical errors, punctuation errors, and spelling errors. It also includes checking for factual correctness, logical flow, and coherency. There are several tools available for editing such as Grammarly, Hemingway App, and ProWritingAid, among others. These tools aid the technical writer in the editing process by providing features such as grammar checking, spell checking, and feedback on writing style.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "ffJyulu9GPB_TDqjeJYyV": {
+    "title": "Git / Version Control",
+    "description": "Git is a free and open-source distributed version control system, designed to handle everything from small to very large projects with speed and efficiency. It is easy to learn and has a tiny footprint with lightning-fast performance. Git allows and encourages you to have multiple local branches that can be entirely independent of each other. The creation, merging, and deletion of those lines of development take seconds. It also provides strong support for non-linear development, numerous workflows, and robust features such as strong cryptographic authenticity of history.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "TJ1iuzQ9u_WbrllRQkgm_": {
+    "title": "Markdown",
+    "description": "Markdown is a lightweight markup language with plain-text-formatting syntax. It was created by John Gruber, with significant contributions from Aaron Swartz, with the goal of allowing people \"to write using an easy-to-read, easy-to-write plain text format\". Key features include automatic production of well-structured, ready-to-publish documents from 'readable' text files. Its syntax includes items like headers (`# Header`), bullet lists (`- item`), italics (`*text*`), bold (`**text**`), links (`[description](url)`) and so forth. Markdown files usually end with `.md` or `.markdown`.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "0XWiraeoicNBbaGYQnNZr": {
+    "title": "Research Tools",
+    "description": "In the work of a technical writer, **Research Tools** are critical, as they aid in sourcing, verifying, and organizing information needed for creating technical documents. Various specific tools are available, depending on the information you're seeking. For instance, scientific papers may be searched using **Google Scholar** or specialized databases like **PubMed**. **Semantic Scholar** can help find academic papers across many disciplines. For less formal online sources, **Google Alert** can be set up to watch for new information on a specific topic. Further, **Evernote** can be used to compile and manage information from multiple sources. For organizing and evaluating data, tools like **Microsoft Excel**, **Tableau**, or **Google Sheets** can be employed. Please remember that the choice of tool will depend on your subject, the type of information you need, and how you want to manage and present that information.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "sdoFe4A3y_-Zp3mlrJ5r8": {
+    "title": "Blogging Platforms",
+    "description": "\"Blogging Platforms\" refers to software services that allow users to create, post, and manage blogs online. Some well-known examples of blogging platforms include WordPress, Blogger, Tumblr, and Medium. These platforms often feature user-friendly interfaces and offer various customization tools to suit your blogging needs. WordPress, for instance, offers significant flexibility and a wide range of themes and plugins, while Blogger is known for its reliable Google integration. Tumblr's social sharing functionality makes it a prominent choice among creative bloggers, and Medium is noted for its emphasis on high-quality content and its user-friendly editor. [Dev.to](http://Dev.to), Hashnode and Hackernoon are free, beginner-friendly blogging platforms that cater to developers, and allow them to share ideas with each other. Each platform offers different strengths depending on your particular needs and specialization as a technical writer.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "FD-8LQ_g2_O_i2Qwp-Gpv": {
+    "title": "SEO Tools",
+    "description": "SEO tools are critical for any technical writer as they help streamline the process of optimizing content for search engines. There is a wide variety of these tools available in the market, some of the most popular ones being Google Analytics, SEMRush, Moz, and Ahrefs. These tools provide different functionalities such as keyword research, backlink analysis, and website audits. They can work as stand-alone tools or be integrated within content management systems for seamless functioning. Remember though, while these tools assist in SEO, effective optimization still largely depends on quality content and strategic planning.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "yYLsG2LuPaNUuhXSVev_0": {
+    "title": "Best Practices",
+    "description": "As a technical writer, adhering to established best practices helps to ensure the consistency, clarity, and overall quality of your work. Some common best practices include:\n\n*   **Always consider the audience**: Write the content with the user's perspective in mind. Make sure the technical jargon, language, and complexity level match your intended readers.\n    \n*   **Organize the content logically**: Divide the material into sections, subsections, bulleted lists, and tables. Use headlines to help the readers navigate through the content.\n    \n*   **Use diagrams and images when necessary**: Visual aids can often enhance the understanding of a complex idea or process.\n    \n*   **Write clear and concise sentences**: Avoid ambiguous information and jargon that the reader may not understand. Always aim for readability.\n    \n*   **Edit, edit, edit**: Proofread your work, correct grammar and spelling errors, and ensure the information is accurate and current.\n    \n\nFollowing these best practices can increase the effectiveness of your technical writing and ensure your audience understands and retains the information easily.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "27muFD1Ld1gF6hhIh22sG": {
+    "title": "Story Telling",
+    "description": "**Story Telling** is a powerful tool for technical writers. It allows you to communicate complex concepts and information in a more relatable and understandable way. Essentially, it revolves around presenting information as a narrative with a clear beginning, middle, and end. This entails establishing context (beginning), explaining the process or concept (middle), and summarizing the outcome, conclusion, or application of the process or concept (end). Story telling in technical writing can take various forms including business scenarios, case studies, user stories, etc. It is essential to keep your 'story' relevant, realistic, and as concise as possible. Remember, the purpose is not primarily to entertain but to educate and inform your audience while keeping them engaged.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "lxSSjgtqJk-PtRp4hARDw": {
+    "title": "Subtle Selling",
+    "description": "**Subtle Selling**: This is an approach in technical writing where the writer indirectly promotes or advocates for a particular product, service, or idea. Subtle selling is about providing informative, helpful content without overtly pushing a sale or marketing a product. It often involves highlighting the unique features or aspects of a product or service in the context of solving a problem or addressing a particular need, hence subtly influencing the reader to consider it. It's about clever positioning rather than overt persuasion, emphasizing the value a product or service can provide in a discreet and unobtrusive manner.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "Ezz2e4lYLD_bdNNwvsV_y": {
+    "title": "Content Structure",
+    "description": "Content structure in technical writing is a crucial aspect that ensures readers can follow through and understand the information seamlessly. It involves organizing content logically, creating outlines, using headings and subheadings, and writing in a linear and clear manner. Furthermore, the structure includes the application of sequences such as chronological orders, step-by-step guides, or flowcharts. The table of contents and index also play a significant role in structure, as they allow readers to navigate quickly to different areas of the document. Additionally, elements such as glossaries help to define complex terms used in the text. Ultimately, a well-structured document creates an excellent user and reading experience.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "a1ChwDwztjZBi79y38AGa": {
+    "title": "Call to Actions",
+    "description": "Call-to-Actions (CTAs)\n----------------------\n\nCall-to-Actions are critical components in technical writing. They primarily direct readers toward performing specific tasks or activities. Often used in manuals, guidelines, procedures, and any instructive materials, they make the content actionable. CTAs can take several forms such as, \"_Click here_\", \"_Submit a request_\", or \"_Download now_\". They should be concise, clear, and direct. Incorporating compelling verbs can make the CTA more effective. Always remember to place CTAs where readers can easily see them, and it's recommended to use a contrasting color, if possible, for a standalone CTA button to make it more noticeable.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "8qSL2esjsA3YYuB4d7B9z": {
+    "title": "References",
+    "description": "References are an essential part of any technical document. They provide a means to verify the information you have given, adding credibility to your work. Cite sources from where you gather your data, facts or figures. According to the style of writing you are using, you may be required to provide in-text citations or footnotes. Also, there are various formats for creating a reference list or bibliography at the end of your document. Examples of some commonly used formats include APA, MLA, and Chicago. Always make sure that your references are relevant, current, and correctly cited to avoid plagiarism. The number of references may vary based on the type, length, and complexity of the technical document.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "WmOvQYlnedX0QgC5Adeen": {
+    "title": "Crafting Great Titles",
+    "description": "Creating great titles is an essential best practice for technical writers. Titles should be engaging, accurate, clear, concise, and should provide a quick summary of what your article or document is all about. They should include keywords relevant to your content, but avoid jargon that could alienate your readers. Use active verbs instead of passive wherever possible to give your titles more impact. Also, make sure that your title doesn't promise something that the content doesn't deliver. Consider your audience and what would be most valuable and informative to them. Finally, always review and revise your titles as needed.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "7FGMPztd6ouvqemcGhIol": {
+    "title": "Content Objectives & Intent",
+    "description": "Content objectives refer to the identified goals or targets that a technical writer aims to fulfill with a piece of content. Often, these goals are aligned with the overall project aims and may include educating users, providing clear instructions, or explaining a specific topic in a digestible format. It is important for technical writers to define their content objectives clearly, in order to tailor their writing approach, style, and structure accordingly. Moreover, content objectives serve as a guide in creating, reviewing, and revising the content to ensure that it meets the intended purpose. Therefore, content objectives serve as the underlying basis, which significantly influences the quality of the final content output.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "UuV51vM2JT_LFFXORSwru": {
+    "title": "User Persona",
+    "description": "User Persona is a significant and efficient tool used by technical writers to address their audience effectively. It is a fictional character, a typical member of the target audience who is characterized by behavior patterns, goals, skills, attitudes, etc. The persona is built based on the data about real users. It serves to help technical writers visualize the audience, understand their needs and expectations, ensure that the content is clearly understood, and enhance the overall readability. User Personas allow writers to design effective communication strategies and create more user-centered documentation, making information easy to find, understand, and use.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "cnEVPsqZqs9ZdyqmOuLGA": {
+    "title": "Writing Style Guides",
+    "description": "As a technical writer, creating a **writing guide** is essential to ensure consistency and quality in all documents you create. A writing guide can entail a set of rules about the style, tone, terminology, syntax, punctuation, and lexicon in your text. This should aid in maintaining a uniform approach to your writing, which is vital when dealing with technical information. Your writing guide will depend on the project requirements and preferences of your target audience, and it needs to be easily understood and followed by anyone involved in the project. Additionally, your guide may also include procedures on how to incorporate images, links, or other similar elements in your text. Importantly, make sure to keep updating your guide as you gain more knowledge and skills in technical writing.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "O-dZEkmU0tP3dUIUPM6YJ": {
+    "title": "Content Research",
+    "description": "`Content research` involves a systematic investigation into a specific subject matter in order to gather reliable and relevant information. This process is crucial for a technical writer as it helps in generating valuable content that's accurate, informative, and engaging. It goes beyond basic internet search; it includes reading technical documents, interviewing experts, conducting surveys, and analyzing data. Content research should be conducted in a strategic manner, taking into consideration the purpose of the information, the target audience, and the key message to be conveyed. A well-executed content research process helps technical writers produce high-quality content that's both clear and concise.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "SX4vL_JEHrwqHdThyqKKO": {
+    "title": "Topic Score",
+    "description": "`Topic Score` is a computational study that calculates how well a particular content piece covers a specified topic. Usually measured on a scale of 0 to 100, it uses different metrics such as keyword usage, semantic relevance, depth of topic coverage, among others. The higher the topic score, the more comprehensively your content is considered to cover the targeted topic. It can be beneficial for content strategists and technical writers to focus on target keywords in order to improve overall content quality and boost SEO performance.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "JtFLW5WwH5Ixmnb0qikia": {
+    "title": "Keyword Volume",
+    "description": "`Keyword volume`, also referred to as `search volume` or `keyword search volume`, is a metric that reflects the number of times a specific keyword was searched for in a search engine (like Google) within a specified timeframe. This data is typically monthly but can be analyzed over different time periods. A higher keyword volume means that more people are searching for that particular term. SEO tools like Google Keyword Planner, SEMrush, or Ahrefs can be used to find the volume of keywords. Note that keyword volume doesn't assess the quality of a keyword, it only measures popularity.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "QMehC1tmWPVWaTsiV9sFC": {
+    "title": "Communities & Forums",
+    "description": "Forums can be essential sources of information for a technical writer during the content research process. These are online platforms where people discuss different types of subjects. Often, they are used to ask questions, answer queries, or share ideas about a particular topic. Examples of forums include \"Reddit\", \"Quora\", or specialized tech forums like \"Stack Exchange\". These sites allow a technical writer to learn about common issues, troubleshoot problems, comprehend user experiences, and stay updated with the latest trends or changes in a specific field. Depending on the industry or field you're writing for, there are different niche forums you can explore. Always make sure to cross-check the information you find on forums as it can vary in reliability.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "IZqyEqkrBoEfLBwIQwJl6": {
+    "title": "Search Trends",
+    "description": "\"Search Trends\" refers to the analysis of the patterns, fluctuations, and shifts in the popularity of specific search terms over a given period. This data-driven approach can be leveraged to identify the trending topics or keywords among users, often within specific regions and contexts. Google Trends is a common platform for examining these trends, providing ample insights into the most recent or popular search queries. Utilizing search trends can allow technical writers to keep their content resonating with their audience by incorporating the latest or topical keywords, resulting in improved content visibility and relevancy.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "xFMsHYYxC0hLueY9xxART": {
+    "title": "Support Request Evaluation",
+    "description": "`Request Evaluation` in the context of a technical writer refers to the process of assessing or defining the requirements and the scope of a given writing project. It includes assessing information sources, understanding the objectives of the document, defining the target audience, understanding regulatory specifications if any, and considering the timelines and deadlines. This stage is critical in giving the writer a comprehensive understanding of what is expected from the project, thereby equipping them to structure an efficient content strategy.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "xV8mox1WnSbl2jAGqQpeg": {
+    "title": "Types of Technical Content",
+    "description": "There are several types of technical writing, each focused on different aspects. **End-user documentation writers** specialize in creating materials for product users (like user manuals and quick start guides). **Traditional technical writers** draft articles, FAQs, guides, and other content primarily for websites. **API/SDK writers** are responsible for creating and maintaining documentation for application programming interfaces (Software Development Kits), which requires knowledge of multiple programming languages. **Medical writers** work in the medical sector and must understand medical concepts. **Grant and proposal writers** are essential for organizations obtaining funds for projects. Note that these are not all mutually exclusive; many technical writers span multiple categories.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "d9mTdwqx6QWKYO5PA_rDH": {
+    "title": "Product Content",
+    "description": "**Product Content** is a significant type of technical writing which pertains to any information about a product, usable for consumer guidance. This includes user manuals, installation guides, frequently asked questions (FAQs), product descriptions, and software application interfaces. Product content not only involves detailing how a product works but also providing information about dealing with potential issues. The aim of this type of technical writing is to simplify complex concepts and instructions relevant to the product to help users understand its functionalities as easily as possible. This area of technical writing requires accuracy, clarity, simplicity, and thorough research about the product.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "UFuMiHtWq1M8dS8547lOp": {
+    "title": "General Product Prose",
+    "description": "**Product Prose** is a form of technical writing focused on explaining how a particular product works, its features, and how it can be beneficial to users. This type of technical writing usually takes the form of user guides, product manuals, and online help systems. It's generally written in a simple, understandable language and employs diagrams, images, and screenshots for better understanding. The aim of product prose is to assist users in utilizing the product effectively and resolving any issues that may arise during its use. A product prose writer must possess an in-depth understanding of the product, strong communication skills, and the ability to write clear, concise instructions.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "C-eVVtF6Yabp2a6XvMeh_": {
+    "title": "How-to Guides",
+    "description": "\"How to Guides\" is a type of technical writing that prioritizes instructive, step-by-step information. Typically, these guides are designed to help the reader understand how to perform a specific task or process. They may depend on clear written instructions, accompanied by visuals like diagrams or screenshots. This format ensures in-depth accuracy and demonstrates each phase of the process explicitly. Examples of \"how to guides\" can range from software user manuals, product assembly instructions, tutorial blog posts, to recipe instructions. These guides thrive on simplicity, targeting a wide audience including both professionals and novices.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "e8oNoXw1KLY4jDzojIXyk": {
+    "title": "Developer Docs",
+    "description": "Developer docs, also known as developer documentation or API documentation, is a form of technical writing specifically aimed towards software developers. This type of documentation usually includes technical specifications of APIs, code comments, software design and architecture, and other detailed technical descriptions involved in software development. Developer docs are essential tools for developers as they provide the necessary guidelines, standards, and examples for using and integrating specific software, libraries, or APIs. The structure and comprehensiveness of developer docs can vary greatly depending on the complexity of the software it describes, but the main purpose is to help developers understand, utilize, and contribute to the software efficiently.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "FgyBWRtE34VNqBt_5QhAf": {
+    "title": "User Goals",
+    "description": "User Goals\n----------\n\nUser goals pertain to the actions that a user wants to perform or the outcomes they hope to achieve with a certain product or service. For technical writers in the context of developer docs, understanding user goals is critical as it drives the creation of accurate, relevant, and effective documentation. Whether it's installing a software, using an API, debugging an issue, or learning advanced functionalities, these goals should guide all aspects of document planning and writing. It is essential to isolate these goals through user feedback, surveys, or usability testing to produce documentation that improves user-product interaction and problem-solving processes, making users more self-sufficient. From a developer's perspective, user goals may involve tasks related to code implementation, product integration, problem troubleshooting, and more.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "2pNW7wDGih_m73lhGZRg6": {
+    "title": "Developer Journey",
+    "description": "Developer Journey\n-----------------\n\nThe term \"developer journey\" usually refers to the full spectrum of experiences a developer goes through - from learning about a system or tool for the first time, to getting set up, to building or integrating applications with it. This journey typically involves a series of phases including initial discovery, setup and installation, first use, ongoing development, troubleshooting and optimisation. Developer docs play an integral role in this journey, providing necessary instruction and guidance at each step. Recognising key stages in the developer journey can help guide the design and organisation of developer docs, ensuring they deliver pertinent, useful content that enhances the overall developer experience.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "jYhfx6RETFgDulyNqdTBy": {
+    "title": "Docs Structure",
+    "description": "The **documentation structure** refers to the arrangement and organization of information within the documentation. It should offer an intuitive and logical user navigation to facilitate quick comprehension and locate vital information effortlessly. The structure usually includes sections such as **Overview**, explaining the product and its issues it solves. **Getting Started** or **Quick Start Guide** offers initial information about using a product right away. **Tutorials** provide a step-by-step guide to completing a particular task. **How-to guides** solve a problem or accomplish specific user goals. **Concept guides** offer deeper understanding about the product's functionality while **API/SDK Documentation** contains code-based information. Lastly, **Reference Manuals** or **User guides** provide comprehensive details of the product’s functionality. The structure may vary depending on the type of product/service.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "z5_73Q7dWbBd4m_OrdZlH": {
+    "title": "API Reference",
+    "description": "API References are comprehensive guides designed to understand the details of the API. Usually, they include information such as endpoints, request examples, response types and examples, and error codes. API References help developers learn the specifics of your API’s endpoints and understand how to successfully integrate the API into their software.\n\n    **API References**\n    API References offer in-depth information about the functionalities of APIs. Details such as `endpoints`, `request examples`, `response types`, `response examples`, and `error codes` are thoroughly enumerated. They are made to assist developers in understanding the intricate workings of the API, allowing them to incorporate the API seamlessly into their software.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "iBBeZopD8SNo7sWTohMim": {
+    "title": "Docs Generation Tools",
+    "description": "API documentation generation tools are software applications that create API documentation directly from the source code. This streamlines the process for developers and also ensures that the documentation stays updated with the code changes. Examples of these tools include Doxygen, Sphinx, Javadoc, Swagger UI, and Slate. Doxygen works with several programming languages including C++, Python, and Java. Sphinx is often used for Python. Javadoc is specifically for Java code. Swagger UI lets you visually interact with your API’s resources without having any of the implementation logic in place. Slate generates static HTML that looks great, is responsive, and can be easily hosted on sites like Github.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "co-35BsWMrD6PXohpFqba": {
+    "title": "API Definitions",
+    "description": "API stands for Application Programming Interface. Essentially, it's a set of rules and protocols for building and integrating application software. APIs allow different software programs to communicate with each other, acting as a bridge between them. They define the kinds of calls or requests that can be made between applications, how to make them, the data formats that should be used, and the conventions to follow. APIs can be used for web-based services, operating systems, databases, or software libraries. They are designed to provide a consistent experience, simplify programming, and support modularity and scalability. APIs often come in the form of a library that includes specifications for routines, data structures, object classes, and protocols used to communicate between the consumer and the provider of the API.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "e_bsYrZ0eQqduURg2ybX4": {
+    "title": "Help Content",
+    "description": "\"Help Content\" refers to a variety of resources specifically designed to provide users with detailed information, assistance, and troubleshooting advice for software products, hardware devices, or complex services. This includes guides, FAQs, how-to articles, and video tutorials. Help content should be easily accessible, clear, concise, and focused on helping the end-user to perform specific tasks effectively or resolve issues independently. The complexity and depth of the help content may vary based on the target audience's technical expertise and familiarity with the product or service.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "8fJcJi96Ige6z2PBuTquC": {
+    "title": "Troubleshooting",
+    "description": "Troubleshooting is a vital aspect of help content where the technical writer provides solutions to potential problems end-users might encounter while using a product or a service. Typically formatted as a step-by-step guide, troubleshooting guides aren’t necessarily there to fix the issue immediately but to identify what course of action to take in case of certain problems. Clear, precise, and easy-to-follow, these guides should cover common software issues, hardware malfunctions, or system errors, significantly improving user experience and reducing the need for support service contacts.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "7w1SjK-LV9SBZJ673eAUd": {
+    "title": "Developer Support",
+    "description": "\"Support content\" is another critical aspect of technical writing. It is the material that assists users in troubleshooting issues, understanding complex topics, or learning how to use a product or service independently. An integral part of user assistance, support content often takes the form of FAQs, tutorial articles, video demonstrations, manuals, or help guides. It caters to the end-users' immediate and long-term needs, helping them navigate and maximize the use of a product or service. For example, if a user encounters a problem using a software, instead of reaching out to technical support, they might refer to support content, such as a how-to guide or an instructional video, to resolve the issue independently. Clear, easy-to-follow, and accessible support content significantly enhances user experience and satisfaction.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "How-4Re1NhxPLDoshUM-G": {
+    "title": "Platform Support",
+    "description": "The **Support Manual** is a comprehensive document that details the use and maintenance of a product or service. It's intended to guide users while troubleshooting or strategizing for optimal use. Inside a support manual, you'll often find a product or service overview, step-by-step instructions for various procedures, a troubleshooting section to resolve common issues, and a list of contacts for more in-depth support. Each part is written clearly and concisely, with simplified language and visuals when necessary, to ensure that users of varying levels of expertise can effectively understand and apply the guidelines.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "mJ1s5-SGd_tj8y0LLZxYg": {
+    "title": "Technical Content Marketing",
+    "description": "`Marketing` is a business strategy which involves identifying customer needs and determining how best to meet those needs. In other words, it is about ensuring that a business or product is positioned in such a way that it will attract the desired audience, encouraging them to buy in. This strategy comprises multiple aspects including `market research`, `branding`, `product development`, `sales`, `promotion`, and `public relations`. Marketers use these tactics to create a company image, build customer relationships, attract potential customers and retain existing ones. The ultimate aim of marketing is to boost sales and help the business grow.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "O1apL6I_g9DQl8VbL3X4W": {
+    "title": "ICP & Buyer Persona",
+    "description": "The **ICP (Ideal Customer Profile)** and **Buyer Persona** are key concepts in marketing and sales. The **ICP** refers to a hypothetical company which perfectly meets the selling organization's product/service. It's a detailed description of their ideal target company, taking into account factors such as industry, size, budget, pain points, needs, and challenges. On the other hand, a **Buyer Persona** is a semi-fictional representation of your ideal customer, often based on market research and real data about existing customers. While ICP targets companies as a whole, a buyer persona focuses on individuals, giving insights into customer behaviors, goals, skills, attitudes, and demographic information. Both constructs help tailor marketing efforts to attract the right audience and convert them into customers.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "EhhKxYPtoLztZXBXl3ZGl": {
+    "title": "Buyer Journey & Content Funnel",
+    "description": "The **Buyer Journey** refers to the process a customer goes through from the moment they become aware of a need or desire until the point of purchase. It is often categorized into three main stages: Awareness, Consideration, and Decision. In the _Awareness_ stage, the customer realizes they have a problem or need. During the _Consideration_ stage, they evaluate different options to satisfy that need. Finally, in the _Decision_ stage, they choose a specific solution. Understanding the buyer journey is instrumental for businesses, as it helps them tailor their marketing strategies to the right audience at the right time.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "-IBL9S4DelIi07w_fmrX3": {
+    "title": "Content SEO",
+    "description": "\"SEO\" stands for \"Search Engine Optimization\". It is a digital marketing strategy focused on boosting the online visibility of a website or a web page in a search engine's unpaid results. Typically, the higher ranked on the search results page or more frequently a site appears in the search results list, the more visitors it will receive from the search engine's users. SEO tactics can target various types of search like image search, local search, video search, academic search, news search and industry-specific vertical search engines. It involves a range of activities such as keyword research and optimization, link building, and content creation, geared towards making a site more attractive to search engines. Beyond assisting with visibility, SEO also helps to improve the user experience and usability of a website.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "UphVii3y4T_PkRMqFJ4r_": {
+    "title": "Backlinking",
+    "description": "Backlinking, often referred as \"inbound links\" or \"incoming links\", is a method used in search engine optimization (SEO) where other websites link to your content. Backlinks are significant indicators of content's relevance, quality, and credibility to search engines. Achieving backlinks can be a result of great content naturally earning shares, or a strategic move of reaching out to relevant websites, guest posting, or engaging in content promotion. The more high-quality backlinks your website obtains, the more likely it is to rank well in search engine results. However, it's also crucial to consider where your backlinks originate from, as links from spam or low-quality websites can potentially harm your ranking. In addition, Google values various backlink parameters like anchor text distribution, dofollow and nofollow ratio, and link acquisition rate while evaluating a website.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "eAioe6b7w8pV2Dvawl_fw": {
+    "title": "Short-tail Keywords",
+    "description": "\"Short Tail Keywords\" are concise search phrases, typically containing one or two words. They bear a broad search intent due to their general nature and high search volume. An example might be a keyword as simple as 'Shoes'. It poses an immense search intent possibility ranging from the need to buy shoes to finding shoe repair services. Short tail keywords are incredibly competitive in SEO, often dominated by large and well-established corporations, making it harder for smaller businesses or new websites to rank for these terms.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "2LAvq7W11WMIubSprlK_l": {
+    "title": "Long-Tail Keywords",
+    "description": "Long Tail Keywords are more specific keyword phrases usually three to four words long that your audience might be searching for when they're closer to needing your products or services. They're a bit counter-intuitive, at first, but they can be incredibly useful if you understand their potential. With long-tail keywords, you can reach a more targeted audience that is typically further along in the buying cycle. They are less competitive than more common \"head\" keywords, and often have a higher conversion rate because they can better match with the specific services or products your business offers.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "IA6TuXmOZr_-Y3HLHqxp0": {
+    "title": "SEO Keywords",
+    "description": "\"SEO Keywords\" are the words and phrases in your web content that allow people to find your site via search engines such as Google. When used effectively, they can dramatically increase the visibility of your content, making it easier for those who are looking for information on your topic to find you. Used in titles, subheadings, meta descriptions, image descriptions, URL structures, and throughout the webinar, these keywords make it evident what the content is about. For maximizing effectivity, the SEO Keyword should align closely with the content topic, be relevant to your target audience, and be phrases that people commonly search for. An important aspect to note is that keyword stuffing, the practice of overloading content with keywords in an unnatural manner, is heavily penalized by search engines. Keywords usage should be strategic and the content should always prioritize providing value to the reader.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "5dnZe0oCIzb5qGwgI6pwH": {
+    "title": "Top-funnel Content",
+    "description": "\"Top funnel\" refers to the awareness stage of a customer's journey, where they first come into contact with a business or product. In this stage, they become aware of a problem they have and begin to search for information or solutions. Content at this stage aims to capture the attention and interest of potential customers by offering solutions or valuable information that relates to their problem. This content is typically broad and informative, rather than product-specific. The aim is to inform and educate the audience, while establishing trust and brand authority.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "wBDjGa2PgdmeXxHnILFjY": {
+    "title": "Pillar Content",
+    "description": "\"Pillar content\" is a comprehensive piece of content on a specific topic or theme that can be broken down into many smaller related sections. This could range from an extensive blog post, to an e-book or a guide. The main intention of creating pillar content is to share highly valuable and in-depth information about a particular subject. It forms the core or the 'pillar' of your content strategy. Supporting contents or 'cluster contents', which are essentially various sub-topics related to the pillar content, link back to this main pillar, creating a content cluster. These cluster content pieces can be blog posts, podcasts, infographics, or videos, etc., which keep your audience engaged and drives them back to your pillar content. Pillar content not only positions you as an authority in your field but also improves your SEO rankings.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "7S2lymeBZSMBZSsmei7us": {
+    "title": "Awareness Blog Posts",
+    "description": "\"Awareness blogs\" is a commonly used term in digital marketing, particularly concerning \"top funnel\" strategies. As the phrase implies, these blogs are designed to create, increase, or maintain awareness of a particular topic, issue, or brand. These articles typically contain knowledgeable content that highlights key information and facts, often aiming to educate the reader and provide value. The goal isn't to hard sell a product or service, but rather to softly introduce what the business, product, or service is about. As a technical writer, you may be asked to write these types of posts to raise awareness of a brand, product, service, or concept, aiming at attracting potential customers and maintaining the engagement of existing ones.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "HoNQSWy82ybT0YmejCzRb": {
+    "title": "Research Reports",
+    "description": "Research reports are comprehensive documents that encompass a detailed study, investigation, or analysis carried out on a particular subject. They are used to understand a specific research problem by collecting and presenting sufficient evidence to provide solutions. These reports can be prepared by organisations, research institutions, or individuals in the field of study. They are used to understand industry trends, demographic data, market activity, and competition. They can also be used to analyze a hypothesis, prove a point, or provide insightful conclusions for a particular issue or topic. Research reports are essential resources for technical writers as they provide the necessary background and context to communicate complex technical information effectively.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "Q2KD70IKwBXAH3UQgeZpp": {
+    "title": "Mid-funnel Content",
+    "description": "\"Mid Funnel\" refers to the phase in the marketing funnel where the consumer has moved beyond initial awareness and is now considering various options. At this stage, potential buyers are evaluating the information and comparing solutions. It is the job of a technical writer to provide content, such as case studies, webinars, whitepapers, demonstrative videos, etc., that helps guide the consumer towards choosing their solution. Technical writers must provide accurate information, uphold the brand's integrity, and position the product or service as a solution that meets the potential customer's needs effectively.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "XDX2QxMUkUok2fcS3tFki": {
+    "title": "Generic Gated Content",
+    "description": "\"Generic Gated\" refers to the type of content, usually informative or educational, that requires a user to provide certain information, like an email address, before gaining access to it. It's a strategy frequently used by businesses to generate leads. This can include a range of content, such as white papers, ebooks, webinars, or research reports. This strategy helps businesses capture the contact information of potential customers who scale through the top of the funnel content and have shown interest in the mid funnel \"Generic Gated\" content. These potential customers are individuals who could likely convert to customers, making them valuable leads.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "Xa7yBWcbP2aPs4u0C4cLJ": {
+    "title": "White-papers",
+    "description": "White papers are authoritative reports or guides that help readers comprehend an issue, solve a problem, or make a decision. As a technical writer, crafting white papers comprise primarily of intricately marrying data with insightful commentary. These documents are usually more detailed and lengthier than blogs or articles, often extending to multiple pages. They have a formal tone, due to their informational and problem-solving nature, and they may include graphs, charts, or other visual aids to help explain the information presented, along with a detailed methodology and analysis.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "5zQpravkqwafvwXVOuNPX": {
+    "title": "eBook",
+    "description": "`Ebooks` are longer-form content that allows a business or individual to delve deeper into a specific subject matter. They typically range from 10 to 100 pages and offer more comprehensive content than a blog post or an infographic. An ebook might consist of a multitude of different components, like a table of contents, chapters, headers, body content, and images. Despite their length, they should be designed for easy reading, considering they are usually downloaded and read on a customer’s own time. They work especially well for technical subjects that need more in-depth explanations, diagrams, or step-by-step guides for understanding the topic effectively. Because they are more substantial, they are usually gated - this means that the reader would need to provide their contact details or other information to access the download link.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "vo1udIIRpxNZCpA3g32F3": {
+    "title": "Bottom-funnel Content",
+    "description": "\"Bottom funnel\" refers to the final stage in the marketing funnel where potential customers are ready to make a purchase. This phase typically includes actions like negotiations, sales calls, and the final transaction. For a technical writer, understanding the \"bottom funnel\" can be crucial as it could influence the type of technical content they create. For instance, they might need to create in-depth product guides, FAQs, or troubleshooting articles that potential customers could use during the decision-making process. The main goal during the \"bottom funnel\" stage is to convince the potential customer to finalize their purchase and become an actual customer.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "2wjRA_pQ9cCG9Ww994FEM": {
+    "title": "Comparative Posts",
+    "description": "\"Comparative posts\" are articles that focus on comparing different products, services, or tools. In these posts, the technical writer analyzes each item's features, application, and usability, sometimes even their prices, to help clients make informed decisions. It's imperative to note, comparative posts don't just pinpoint 'which is better?'. Instead, they delve deep into the specifics of ‘why and how’ an aspect of a product or service outshines the other. This kind of technical write-up is typically unbiased, comprehensive, and objective to maintain credibility and usefulness.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "K459CcDrcPMJCimIcCzM6": {
+    "title": "Tutorials",
+    "description": "`Tutorials` fall under the bottom-funnel content in technical writing. They are usually step-by-step guides designed to help users achieve a specific task using a software, hardware, or system. Tutorials can take various forms, including written step-by-step instructions, annotated screenshots, videos, or even interactive modules where users can practice what they are learning in real-time. They are more hands-on and practical, often tackling real-world scenarios to ensure that users can transfer what they learn directly to their context. Tutorials are usually concise, clear and orientated towards specific tasks, this makes them accessible and user-friendly for people with varying levels of expertise.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "-GZXLc9RjY6eWkKC1K_Rg": {
+    "title": "Release Notes / Product Announcements",
+    "description": "Release notes, often a part of software documentation, are brief, high-level summaries provided to the users during a new release of the product. They contain vital information about the updates, including new features, enhancements, bug fixes, and often known issues of the released software version. Each release note is associated with a specific software version and aids the users in understanding what changes or improvements to expect in that particular release. An effective release note will discuss new features or enhancements in a user-focused manner, identify any action required by the user, highlight known issues and workarounds, and contain links to more detailed information if necessary. It empowers users to use the software more effectively and troubleshoot potential issues.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "W44q1iEj7RKM55-9jabMJ": {
+    "title": "Customer Case-Studies",
+    "description": "\"Case Studies\" are in-depth analyses often used by technical writers. They offer a detailed investigation into a specific subject, typically presenting real-world applications or scenarios. By employing a systematic approach, case studies can provide valuable insights which might not be achieved with other methods. They may contain extensive research, including interviews, observations, and data collection for quantitative and qualitative assessment. Case studies can encompass unique perspectives or complex matters, offering a rich understanding of the subject matter. They are often used in scientific, academic, and business contexts.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "pgrKfp1trcIxhDdvLk95g": {
+    "title": "Frequently Asked Questions",
+    "description": "\"FAQs\" stands for \"Frequently Asked Questions\". This is a crucial part of any technical document or user guide that compiles a list of common questions (with their respective answers) that users might have about a particular product, service, or topic. Good FAQs are clear, concise, and organized in a logical way. Typically, they are updated regularly based on user queries and feedback to remain helpful and relevant. FAQs can include instructions to resolve common user problems, terms and definitions, links to related resources, and other information useful for understanding and using the product or service effectively.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "tAFenZA0MFhMPE5cevNuD": {
+    "title": "Technical Website Copy",
+    "description": "\"Web copy\" refers to all the text content that appears on a website. This includes everything from the headlines, subheadlines, body content, call-to-action statements, product descriptions to all the metadata like the title tags and meta descriptions. The primary purpose of web copy is to communicate the site's purpose or value proposition to its visitors and motivate them to take a certain action—be it make a purchase, subscribe to a newsletter, etc. It's a critical component in search engine optimization (SEO) as search engines rank websites based on the quality and relevance of the website's copy to user searches. Markdown, a lightweight markup language, can be used to write web copy; it allows writers to format text (like headers, lists, and links) in plain text which will then be converted into HTML for web display.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "XyFEYDJvJpGZ7qSdoSZeI": {
+    "title": "Content Optimization",
+    "description": "\"Content Optimization\" is a vital technique in digital writing, focusing on making your content more appealing and useful to your target audience. It involves several strategies such as keyword usage, meta-tag optimization, using relevant links and references, maintaining proper content length, utilizing images and infographics effectively, and ensuring a mobile-friendly layout. Also, optimization of your content for search engines (SEO) is vital, enabling your content to rank higher in search rankings. However, it's not just about SEO; attention must be given to the readability, clarity, and overall user experience. The aim is to both engage human readership and satisfy search engine algorithms. Remember, content optimization isn't a one-time process but requires regular updates and review for achieving consistent advantages.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "TbSBCITdLswhVB82fErTP": {
+    "title": "Content Analysis",
+    "description": "Content Analysis is a research methodology used by technical writers to interpret and quantify textual data. It involves a systematic process of coding and identifying themes or patterns within a body of text from different sources such as books, blogs, articles, or other document types. The primary goal is to provide a subjectively interpreted, yet valid and replicatable, inference from the data. This technique helps decipher whether the content in question conveys the desired communication effectively or if there are areas that require improvement. For example, you may conduct a content analysis to measure the user-friendliness of a software manual or the clarity and comprehensibility of an instructional guide.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "qpOfqbgLy5TzlNQEyt6DG": {
+    "title": "Link Shorteners / Tracking",
+    "description": "URL shorteners, as the name suggests, are tools that allow you to shorten the length of any given URL. These can be extremely handy, especially in situations where you're dealing with very long and complex URLs with several parameters. A few examples of these tools include [Bit.ly](http://Bit.ly), TinyURL, and Google URL Shortener (now defunct, replaced by Firebase Dynamic Links). They work by creating a unique short link for your long URL, and then redirecting anyone who clicks on it to the original link. This simplifies the URL and makes it easier to share with others, either verbally or digitally. While these tools are straightforward to use, it's always a good idea to familiarize yourself with how they work and any associated privacy or security implications. Markdown is not particularly required for URL shorteners as they take any kind of link, regardless of the content.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "hlhBgI3SvU3tMtNaHtu8k": {
+    "title": "Platform Tracking and Metrics",
+    "description": "`Platform tracking` in the context of technical writing refers to the process of monitoring and analyzing how users interact with a particular content on different platforms. It involves tracking user behavior, content read, the devices used, operating systems, geographical location, time spent, and more. This data helps understand how effectively the content serves its purpose across various platforms. It's important to note that platform tracking should always respect user privacy and data protection regulations.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "UiXn-CnPcLWAflKJzaJ2a": {
+    "title": "Conversion Tracking",
+    "description": "`Conversion Tracking` is a powerful tool in online marketing and business analytics. It allows you to identify how well your campaign, ads, prompts, or any other initiative is working by tracking how users interact and convert on your site or app. `Conversion` can be actions such as signing up for a newsletter, downloading a file, making a purchase, or any other key performance indicator (KPI) for your project. Essentially, `Conversion Tracking` involves placing a piece of code, often known as a pixel, on your website or app. Once a user performs an action that you've defined as a 'conversion', this pixel is triggered and records the action. By implementing conversion tracking across different digital platforms, you can effectively decode user behavior, and use these insights to optimize your ongoing and future campaigns for better performance.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "JgdrXG7MX1gGuNG9uyubA": {
+    "title": "Content Aging & Timelines",
+    "description": "`Content Aging` refers to the natural process where the information or data presented becomes outdated or irrelevant over time. This typically happens in rapidly evolving industries or topics, where new developments or advancements regularly occur. As a technical writer, it's crucial to regularly review and update your content to ensure its accuracy and relevance. Ignored, aged content can lead to misinformation, confusion, and loss of trust among your readers. Therefore, a systematic approach to manage content aging, like implementing a review cycle or updating schedule, is an integral part of content management strategy.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "mrqBxsNRl1CQEKtuYSy9F": {
+    "title": "Content Distribution",
+    "description": "Content distribution refers to the process of sharing, publishing, or disseminating content to your audience through various mediums. These mediums can include different channels like social media platforms (Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, etc.), email newsletters, blogs, podcasts, websites, or even offline venues like magazines and newspapers. The nature of content being distributed can range from blog posts, articles, videos, infographics, to podcasts. The aim of content distribution is to make your content accessible to as many relevant audiences as possible, increasing reach, visibility, and engagement. The strategy may involve both organic and paid means of distribution, and typically pursues a multichannel approach to maximize reach.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "NIxIhMEOxrUR8nbjbF_Fp": {
+    "title": "Canonical Link",
+    "description": "A `canonical link` is an HTML element that helps prevent duplicate content in search engine optimization by specifying the \"preferred\" version of a page. The canonical tag is added to the HTML head of a page and has a link leading to the version of the web page that is the most complete or authoritative. Irrespective of the number of URLs pointing to similar content, the canonical link denotes which is the key version. This is crucial in guiding search engine bots to index and rank the right pages.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "AarJ887P-SFRnKaOOv9yw": {
+    "title": "OpenGraph Data",
+    "description": "OpenGraph is a technology first introduced by Facebook in 2010 that allows integration between the social media platform, user's website, and their shared content. It works by allowing any web page to become a rich object in a social network by adding basic metadata to the page. With the help of OpenGraph protocol, we can use a web page as a part of a social graph. It is used to control how URLs are presented when they are shared on social media. The data includes details like the title of the content, description, URL, and an associated image.\\`\\`\\`markdown\n\nOpenGraph Data\n--------------\n\nOpenGraph data is a protocol that enables any web page to become a rich object in a social graph. It was introduced by Facebook to allow for an integration between the user's website, Facebook, and any shared content. OpenGraph involves adding basic metadata to a page, enabling it to be used as part of a social graph. This metadata can control how URLs are presented when shared on social media, encompassing details such as the title, description, URL, and corresponding image of the content.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "m9-DqsQfeukmhjhIfCph-": {
+    "title": "Content Distribution Channels",
+    "description": "Content distribution channels refer to the mediums through which content creators disseminate their work to reach their chosen audience. Broadly, these channels can be divided into three categories: owned, earned, and paid. Owned channels are those controlled by the content creators themselves, such as their websites, blogs or email newsletters. Earned channels are ones where others distribute the content on the creator's behalf out of their own desire, such as shares on social media or word-of-mouth recommendations. Paid channels, as the name implies, are those where content creators pay to have their work distributed, such as through sponsored posts or advertisements on social media, promotional emails, or paid search results in search engines.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "_cAGbAswDhOqpoiiikPbD": {
+    "title": "Content Distribution Amplification Strategies",
+    "description": "In technical writing, **amplification strategies** are tactics utilized to increase the reach and impact of the content produced. This often involves promoting and sharing the content through various mediums to ensure it gets in front of the largest and most relevant audience. These strategies can include everything from social media promotion and email marketing campaigns to leveraging influencers and using SEO (Search Engine Optimization) strategies. Additionally, they can also involve repurposing content into different formats (like infographics or videos) to engage wider demographics. These amplification techniques help to maximize the reach and effectiveness of the technical content produced.",
+    "links": []
+  }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/public/roadmap-content/terraform.json b/public/roadmap-content/terraform.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..aa1b8e9d9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/public/roadmap-content/terraform.json
@@ -0,0 +1,1907 @@
+{
+  "h6qRrUe-bn25s0UkxU600": {
+    "title": "Introduction",
+    "description": "Terraform is a powerful tool designed by HashiCorp that helps you set up, manage, and update infrastructure safely and efficiently across various cloud providers. Think of it as a way to define your cloud resources—like servers, storage, and networks—using a simple code format. This makes it easier to automate, share, and manage your infrastructure, ensuring that everything is consistent and can be quickly reproduced or modified as needed.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "CU9V3iRdssamsG-xMouXT": {
+    "title": "What is Terraform?",
+    "description": "Terraform is a powerful tool designed by HashiCorp that helps you set up, manage, and update infrastructure safely and efficiently across various cloud providers. Think of it as a way to define your cloud resources—like servers, storage, and networks—using a simple code format. This makes it easier to automate, share, and manage your infrastructure, ensuring that everything is consistent and can be quickly reproduced or modified as needed.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is Terraform?",
+        "url": "https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/intro#what-is-terraform",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is Terraform?",
+        "url": "https://www.varonis.com/blog/what-is-terraform",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is Terraform? Terraform Explained in 2 Minutes",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lIaUz2GAqEQ",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "hRIDJHIxWc5Iav7tsu8l-": {
+    "title": "Usecases and Benefits",
+    "description": "Using Terraform offers numerous benefits. It allows you to define your infrastructure as code (IaC), making it human-readable, versioned, and shareable. Its multi-cloud support means you can manage resources consistently across various cloud providers and on-premises environments. By automating infrastructure provisioning and management, Terraform reduces manual errors and speeds up deployments. Version control integration ensures you can track changes, roll back when needed, and collaborate effectively with team members. Terraform's use of templates and modules ensures configuration consistency and reusability across projects and environments, while its state management capabilities keep track of existing resources for efficient updates.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Use Cases",
+        "url": "https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/intro/use-cases#use-cases",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "9 Terraform Use Cases for Your Infrastructure as Code",
+        "url": "https://spacelift.io/blog/terraform-use-cases",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What are the Benefits of Using Terraform?",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0M4IvedbLJ4",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "AYtBLFU1nowEq-EVlXrEZ": {
+    "title": "Installing Terraform",
+    "description": "Follow the instructions given in the following URL to install terraform:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Installing Terraform",
+        "url": "https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/tutorials/aws-get-started/install-cli",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Install Terraform on Ubuntu",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LM3RLgNu7tU",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Install Terraform on MacOS",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ViMwnReV1A8",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Install Terraform on Windows 10/11",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qj4cOSYr7po",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "UsINvx84pBF1hp8XoLF4c": {
+    "title": "CaC vs IaC",
+    "description": "CaC (Configuration as Code) and IaC (Infrastructure as Code) are both ways to manage infrastructure resources, but they focus on different things. CaC deals with setting up and managing the software and settings within your servers, like user settings and app configs. Examples of CaC tools include Ansible and Puppet. IaC, on the other hand, is about managing the underlying infrastructure, like virtual machines, networks, and storage. Examples of IaC tools include Terraform and AWS CloudFormation. So, while IaC sets up the environment, CaC ensures the software within that environment runs correctly.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "IaC vs CaC",
+        "url": "https://medium.com/@cloudhacks_/infrastructure-as-code-iac-vs-configuration-as-code-cac-unraveling-the-differences-24fbce05ae25",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Ansible vs. Terraform: What's the difference?",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rx4Uh3jv1cA",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "GlIXmCuvR_C81RMeMM1Kz": {
+    "title": "Project Initialization",
+    "description": "Project initialization in Terraform involves setting up the necessary configuration files and directory structure for managing infrastructure as code. The `terraform init` command is crucial in this process, as it initializes the working directory, downloads the required provider plugins, and sets up the backend configuration for storing state files. This command ensures that the project is correctly configured and ready for subsequent Terraform commands, laying the foundation for efficient and organized infrastructure management.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:\n\n\\-[@official@Init Command](https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/cli/commands/init)",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Initialize Terraform Configuration",
+        "url": "https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/tutorials/cli/init",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Terraform Init",
+        "url": "https://spacelift.io/blog/terraform-init",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Learn Terraform: The Init Command",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=82lsMLqWjS4",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "ZRVv9onD7KGz1cJLcsnwy": {
+    "title": "Providers",
+    "description": "Terraform Providers are plugins that enable interaction with various external APIs. They manage the lifecycle of resources by defining resource types and data sources. Each provider requires configuration, typically including authentication details and endpoint URLs. Providers are specified in the `provider` block, and multiple providers can be used in a single Terraform project to manage resources across different platforms.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Providers Documentation",
+        "url": "https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/language/providers#providers",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Understanding Terraform Providers",
+        "url": "https://docs.aws.amazon.com/prescriptive-guidance/latest/getting-started-terraform/providers.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What are terraform providers and how to use them?",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kd7ddHBR2ec",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "iIjUG_N_mQtLHG25v4-xg": {
+    "title": "Terraform Registry",
+    "description": "The Terraform Registry is a centralized repository for discovering, sharing, and using Terraform modules and providers. It allows users to browse and download pre-built configurations, enabling quick integration of best practices. The registry supports versioning, ensuring consistent deployments, and includes detailed documentation for each module and provider. Users can also publish their own modules to the registry, facilitating community collaboration and reuse.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Terraform Registry",
+        "url": "https://registry.terraform.io/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Terraform Registry Guide",
+        "url": "https://spacelift.io/blog/terraform-registry",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Terraform Registry Providers and Modules",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q4VdvS8aXnc",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "JJ-QhLWqT0luis_kVDVHW": {
+    "title": "Configuring Providers",
+    "description": "Configuring providers in Terraform involves specifying the required provider in the `provider` block within your Terraform configuration files. This block includes settings such as authentication credentials, region, and other provider-specific parameters. Providers must be initialized using `terraform init` to download and install the necessary plugins. Multiple configurations can be managed by aliasing providers, enabling resource management across different environments or accounts within the same provider.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Providers Overview",
+        "url": "https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/language/providers#providers",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How To Use Terraform Providers",
+        "url": "https://www.env0.com/blog/how-to-use-terraform-providers",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "bnQ2YLHd7E-vRxX3PnUEX": {
+    "title": "Versions",
+    "description": "Specifying provider versions in Terraform ensures consistent and predictable behavior across different environments. Instead of using the `version` meta-argument within the provider block, which was deprecated and removed in Terraform 0.13, provider version constraints should now be defined in the `required_providers` block. This approach prevents unexpected changes or compatibility issues due to provider updates, enhancing stability and reliability in infrastructure management. It allows you to control when and how provider updates are applied, ensuring that your infrastructure code runs with the expected provider functionality.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Requiring Providers",
+        "url": "https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/language/providers/requirements#requiring-providers",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "qhO7CY-1_vuh2BVJYQCzh": {
+    "title": "Hashicorp Config. Language (HCL)",
+    "description": "HashiCorp Configuration Language (HCL) is a configuration language built by HashiCorp that is used for configuring products in the HashiCorp ecosystem. With its human-readable style, HCL is designed to strike a balance between a generic configuration language like JSON or YAML and a high-level scripting language. In relation to the Terraform Roadmap, HCL is the primary language used for writing Terraform configuration files, thus making it a fundamental part of defining and providing data center infrastructure in a descriptive manner.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "HCL Repository",
+        "url": "https://github.com/hashicorp/hcl",
+        "type": "opensource"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/language",
+        "url": "https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/language",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "twR3k9D-qDr1CbyW6K0Fs": {
+    "title": "What is Infrastructure as Code?",
+    "description": "Infrastructure as Code (IaC) is a practice in DevOps and cloud computing that involves managing and provisioning computing infrastructure through machine-readable configuration files, rather than through physical hardware configuration or interactive configuration tools. This approach allows for version control, automation, and consistency in infrastructure deployment, making it easier to manage, scale, and replicate environments while reducing the risk of human error.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What Is It? Why Is It Important?",
+        "url": "https://www.hashicorp.com/resources/what-is-infrastructure-as-code",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is Infrastructure as Code?",
+        "url": "https://www.redhat.com/en/topics/automation/what-is-infrastructure-as-code-iac",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is Infrastructure as Code?",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zWw2wuiKd5o",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "Hma2IgatFME8STHPwpeMG": {
+    "title": "What is HCL?",
+    "description": "HCL, or HashiCorp Configuration Language, is a human-readable language for DevOps tools. It is used to code infrastructure management and service orchestration in a clear and manageable way. Several HashiCorp products, including Terraform, use HCL as their primary configuration language. Terraform uses HCL to provision and manage cloud resources efficiently. Its clear syntax and structure are instrumental in creating resource modules and configurations that align with the Terraform Roadmap's goals for providing a seamless, user-friendly platform for infrastructure as code.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "LaD0H7XhoEEaXbcwjxAbw": {
+    "title": "Basic Syntax",
+    "description": "The Basic Syntax of HashiCorp Configuration Language (HCL) includes defining blocks, attributes, and expressions. Blocks are fundamental units like `resource`, `module`, and `provider`, identified by keywords and enclosed in curly braces. Attributes are key-value pairs within blocks, where keys are strings and values can be strings, numbers, or other data types. Expressions allow embedding variables, functions, and references to other resources, enabling dynamic configurations.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "HCL Native Syntax Specification",
+        "url": "https://github.com/hashicorp/hcl/blob/main/hclsyntax/spec.md",
+        "type": "opensource"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "BYydmFc2e-YPCC4MCWmh2": {
+    "title": "Resources",
+    "description": "Resources represent components of your infrastructure such as Virtual Machines, Storage Buckets, Databases or Virtual Private Clouds. Access to provider resources comes after successful project initalization after declaring your desired providers.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Resource Blocks",
+        "url": "https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/language/resources/syntax",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Define Infrastructure With Terraform Resources",
+        "url": "https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/tutorials/configuration-language/resource",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "BgZu7Xao5GjR8StVL7qhM": {
+    "title": "Resource Behavior",
+    "description": "Resource behavior encompasses how resources are managed, created, updated, and destroyed according to the configuration specified in Terraform files. Each resource block specifies desired attributes, and Terraform ensures that the real-world infrastructure matches these specifications. If writing a configuration for the first time, the resources defined will only exist in the configuration and will not be reflected on the target platform until applied. When a configuration is applied, Terraform generates an execution plan, determining the actions required to reach the desired state, such as creating new resources, updating existing ones, or deleting resources no longer needed.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Behaviour",
+        "url": "https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/language/resources/behavior",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Terraform Resource Syntax, Behavior and State",
+        "url": "https://terraformguru.com/terraform-certification-using-azure-cloud/09-Resource-Syntax-and-Behavior/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "76kp98rvph_8UOXZR-PBC": {
+    "title": "Resource Lifecycle",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "EIsex6gNHDRYHn0o2spzi": {
+    "title": "depends_on",
+    "description": "The depends\\_on meta-argument in Terraform is used to explicitly declare dependencies between resources, ensuring that one or more resources are created or destroyed only after the specified dependent resources have been successfully applied. This is crucial for managing resource dependencies that are not automatically detected by Terraform’s implicit dependency analysis. By using depends\\_on, you can enforce the correct order of resource creation, modification, or destruction, which is particularly useful in complex infrastructure setups where certain resources must exist or be configured before others can be effectively managed. This meta-argument enhances the reliability and predictability of your Terraform configurations\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Terraform Docs - depends_on",
+        "url": "https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/language/meta-arguments/depends_on",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How to Use Terraform depends_on",
+        "url": "https://spacelift.io/blog/terraform-depends-on",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How to use Terraform depends_on meta tag?",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v0Qt-ltvmXU",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "kyScfijEntX9H1mp7tmej": {
+    "title": "count",
+    "description": "The count meta-argument in Terraform allows you to specify the number of instances of a particular resource to create. By setting count to a numeric value, Terraform dynamically generates multiple instances of the resource, indexed from 0 to count-1. This is useful for managing infrastructure that requires multiple identical or similar resources, such as creating multiple virtual machines or storage buckets. Using count, you can conditionally create resources by setting the value based on variables or expressions, making your configurations more flexible and reducing redundancy. Each instance of the resource can be uniquely referenced using the count.index value, enabling more granular control and customization of each resource instance.\n\nNote: You cannot delare count and for\\_each on the same resource.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Terraform Docs - count",
+        "url": "https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/language/meta-arguments/count",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Terraform by Example - count",
+        "url": "https://www.terraformbyexample.com/count",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Conditional blocks in Terraform using count",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RVoIqWkN_gI",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "gcdg_GhAacIWzv19ITTE_": {
+    "title": "for_each",
+    "description": "The for\\_each meta-argument in Terraform enables you to create multiple instances of a resource based on a set or map. Unlike count, which uses a simple integer, for\\_each allows for more granular and dynamic resource creation, as each instance is associated with a specific key-value pair from the given set or map. This meta-argument is particularly useful for creating resources with unique configurations derived from the keys and values of the set or map. By leveraging for\\_each, you can manage collections of resources more efficiently, ensuring each instance can be individually referenced and customized based on its specific key.\n\nNote: You cannot declare for\\_each and count in the same resource.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Terraform Docs - for_each",
+        "url": "https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/language/meta-arguments/for_each",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Terraform by Example - for_each",
+        "url": "https://www.terraformbyexample.com/for_each",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Terraform for loops",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4qO7WK6D3cA",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "5FLOFTP_nCa3qi1wbV4qE": {
+    "title": "provider",
+    "description": "The `provider` meta-argument in Terraform specifies which provider configuration to use for a resource, overriding the default provider selection based on the resource type name. This is useful in scenarios where multiple configurations of the same provider are required, such as managing resources across different regions or environments. By setting the `provider` argument, you can ensure that the resource uses the specified provider setup, identified by its alias, enhancing control and flexibility in multi-provider or multi-region deployments. This meta-argument is essential for precisely directing Terraform on how to interact with the underlying infrastructure provider.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Terraform Docs - provider",
+        "url": "https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/language/meta-arguments/resource-provider",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Terraform by Example - provider",
+        "url": "https://www.terraformbyexample.com/providers/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "0A8zTuCXVmcruJdfH3cNu": {
+    "title": "lifecycle",
+    "description": "The lifecycle meta-argument in Terraform customizes the behavior of resources during creation, update, and deletion. It includes settings such as create\\_before\\_destroy, which ensures a new resource is created before the old one is destroyed, preventing downtime. prevent\\_destroy protects resources from accidental deletion, and ignore\\_changes specifies attributes to ignore during updates, allowing external modifications without triggering Terraform changes. These options provide fine-grained control over resource management, ensuring that the desired state of infrastructure is maintained with minimal disruption and precise handling of resource lifecycles.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Terraform Docs - for_each",
+        "url": "https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/language/meta-arguments/lifecycle",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Terraform Resource Lifecycle",
+        "url": "https://spacelift.io/blog/terraform-resource-lifecycle",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Understanding the Lifecycle Block",
+        "url": "https://dev.to/pwd9000/terraform-understanding-the-lifecycle-block-4f6e",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "TPd00dRndj1P8674KTTrm": {
+    "title": "Meta Arguments",
+    "description": "Meta-arguments in Terraform resources provide additional control over how resources are managed and interact within the configuration.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Meta Arguments in Terraform",
+        "url": "https://muditmathur121.medium.com/meta-arguments-in-terraform-aaaa6e3734e6",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Terraform Meta-Arguments",
+        "url": "https://www.devopsschool.com/blog/terraform-tutorials-meta-arguments/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Resource Meta Arguments",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7JraLCfroyE",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "AY7_xUeCl6ilqZzg1YFoP": {
+    "title": "Variables",
+    "description": "Terraform uses variables to make configurations more flexible and reusable. Variables can be declared in `.tf` files and assigned values through various methods, including default values, command-line flags, environment variables, or separate `.tfvars` files. They support multiple data types such as string, number, bool, list, and map. Variables can be referenced throughout the configuration using the `var` prefix. This system enables infrastructure as code to be more dynamic and adaptable to different environments or use cases.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Input Variables",
+        "url": "https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/language/values/variables",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How To Use Terraform Variables",
+        "url": "https://spacelift.io/blog/how-to-use-terraform-variables",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Learn How to Use Terraform Variable",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oArutYYvQ_Y",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "VxMse1VTZAUtVhpKv1OHS": {
+    "title": "Input Variables",
+    "description": "Terraform input variables are parameters for modules, declared using variable blocks. They support multiple data types, default values, and descriptions. Users provide values when invoking modules or running Terraform. Accessed via `var.<name>` syntax, input variables enable flexible, reusable infrastructure templates adaptable to various deployment scenarios. They can be marked sensitive for security and are typically defined in a `variables.tf` file.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Define Input Variables",
+        "url": "https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/tutorials/aws-get-started/aws-variables",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Terraform Input and Output Variables Explained",
+        "url": "https://kodekloud.com/blog/terraform-variables-explained/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Terraform Basics: Input Variables",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch%3Fv%3D2f65JhfYmIo",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "HUiodBFIp_rsQDkf3WgbI": {
+    "title": "Type Constraints",
+    "description": "Terraform variable type constraints specify allowed data types for input variables. They include primitive types (string, number, bool), complex types (list, set, map, object), and any for unspecified types. Constraints can enforce specific structures, nested types, or value ranges. They're defined in the variable block's type argument, helping catch errors early and ensuring correct variable usage throughout configurations.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Variable Type Contraints",
+        "url": "https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/language/expressions/type-constraints",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Terraform Type Constraints",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hNZiZEQfV4Q",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "fm8oUyNvfdGWTgLsYANUr": {
+    "title": "Environment Variables",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "rdphcVd-Vq972y4H8CxIj": {
+    "title": "Variable Definition File",
+    "description": "A Terraform `variables.tf` file centralizes input variable declarations for a module or configuration. It typically contains multiple variable blocks, each defining a single input variable with its name, type constraint, optional default value, and description. This file serves as a single reference point for all variables used in the configuration, enhancing readability and maintainability. While not mandatory, using `variables.tf` is a common practice to organize and document a module's expected inputs.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Parameterize Your Configuration",
+        "url": "https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/tutorials/configuration-language/variables#parameterize-your-configuration",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "You should be using tfvars vs variables in Terraform",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BHWM4D2GJvI",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "U2n2BtyUrOFLnw9SZYV_w": {
+    "title": "Validation Rules",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "1mFih8uFs3Lc-1PLgwiAU": {
+    "title": "Local Values",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "7GK4fQf1FRKrZgZkxNahj": {
+    "title": "Outputs",
+    "description": "Terraform outputs expose selected values from a configuration or module, making them accessible to users or other modules. Defined in output blocks, typically in an `outputs.tf` file, they can reference resource attributes or other computed values. Outputs are displayed after apply operations, can be queried using terraform output commands, and are crucial for passing information between modules or to external systems.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Output Values",
+        "url": "https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/language/values/outputs",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Terraform Output Values",
+        "url": "https://spacelift.io/blog/terraform-output",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Learn Terraform Outputs in 4 Minutes",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i-Ky1Tut_2I",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "31fa8kBzCEn-uCrTSoPM4": {
+    "title": "Output Syntax",
+    "description": "Terraform output syntax is used to define values that should be made accessible after applying a Terraform configuration. The basic syntax is:\n\n    output \"name\" {\n      value = expression\n      description = \"Optional description\"\n      sensitive = bool\n    }\n    \n\n`name` is a unique identifier for the output. `value` is the expression whose result will be output. `description` is optional and provides context. `sensitive` is a boolean flag to mark sensitive data.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Hashicorp Output Tutorial",
+        "url": "https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/tutorials/configuration-language/outputs",
+        "type": "course"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Declaring an output value",
+        "url": "https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/language/values/outputs#declaring-an-output-value",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Terraform Output Values : Complete Guide & Examples",
+        "url": "https://spacelift.io/blog/terraform-output",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Terraform: Output a field from a module",
+        "url": "https://stackoverflow.com/questions/47034515/terraform-output-a-field-from-a-module",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "8giL6H5944M2L0rwxjPso": {
+    "title": "Sensitive Outputs",
+    "description": "Terraform sensitive outputs are a feature used to protect sensitive information in Terraform configurations. When an output is marked as sensitive, Terraform obscures its value in the console output and state files, displaying it as \"\" instead of the actual value. This is crucial for protecting sensitive data like passwords or API keys.\n\nTo mark an output as sensitive, use the sensitive argument in the output block:\n\n    output \"database_password\" {\n      value     = aws_db_instance.example.password\n      sensitive = true\n    }\n    \n\nSensitive outputs are still accessible programmatically, but their values are hidden in logs and the console to prevent accidental exposure. This feature helps maintain security when sharing Terraform configurations or outputs with team members or in CI/CD pipelines.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "How to output sensitive data in Terraform",
+        "url": "https://support.hashicorp.com/hc/en-us/articles/5175257151891-How-to-output-sensitive-data-with-Terraform",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Surpressing values in CLI output",
+        "url": "https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/language/values/outputs#sensitive-suppressing-values-in-cli-output",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "DB-p_S4Ce4tDWF4wDiGSt": {
+    "title": "Preconditions",
+    "description": "Terraform preconditions are declarative checks within resource or data blocks that validate configuration or state before Terraform attempts to create or modify resources. They use condition arguments to specify logical tests and `error_message` arguments for custom failure notifications. Preconditions help catch misconfigurations early, enforce business rules, and ensure dependencies are met before resource operations.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Custom Condition Checks",
+        "url": "https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/language/values/outputs#custom-condition-checks",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Using Precondition and Postcondition Blocks in Terraform",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=55ZLu8tSnvk",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "Xes24SqkwSaO844kLbClj": {
+    "title": "Format & Validate",
+    "description": "Terraform `format` and `validate` are two essential commands for maintaining clean and correct Terraform configurations:\n\n*   `terraform fmt` automatically formats Terraform configuration files to a consistent style. It adjusts indentation, aligns arguments, and sorts blocks and arguments. This command helps maintain code readability and consistency across team projects.\n    \n*   `terraform validate` checks the syntax and internal consistency of Terraform configurations. It verifies that the configuration is syntactically valid, references are correct, and attribute names and types are appropriate. This command catches errors early in the development process, before attempting to apply changes to infrastructure.\n    \n\nYou can learn more about these using the following resources",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Validate, format, lint, secure, and test Terraform IaC",
+        "url": "https://tech.aabouzaid.com/2020/04/validate-format-lint-and-test-terraform-iac-ci.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Terraform Validate - Documentation",
+        "url": "https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/cli/commands/validate",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Terraform Format - Documentation",
+        "url": "https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/cli/commands/fmt",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Terraform Validate Command – Validate Configuration Locally",
+        "url": "https://spacelift.io/blog/terraform-validate",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "78bGm8J5Y1I8H4qioOvWb": {
+    "title": "terraform fmt",
+    "description": "terraform fmt is a command in Terraform that automatically formats configuration files to a consistent style. It adjusts indentation, aligns arguments, and sorts blocks and arguments alphabetically. The command rewrites Terraform configuration files (.tf and .tfvars) in the current directory and its subdirectories. It's used to maintain a consistent coding style across projects and teams, improving readability and reducing merge conflicts. The command can be run with options like -recursive to format files in subdirectories, -diff to show the differences, or -check to validate formatting without making changes. Regularly using terraform fmt is considered a best practice in Terraform development workflows.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Terraform fmt Documentation",
+        "url": "https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/cli/commands/fmt",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Using Terraform fmt Command to Format Your Terraform Code",
+        "url": "https://spacelift.io/blog/terraform-fmt",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How to auto-format Terraform code",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kZX3KLOZvhY",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "wdYLjB-tKg76B7YcnhevQ": {
+    "title": "terraform validate",
+    "description": "The validate command helps you make sure your Terraform code is syntactically correct before you deploy. This helps you to prevent misconfiguration due to missing attributes or incorrect dependencies, saving time, improving efficiency, and reducing cost.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Terraform Validate practical examples",
+        "url": "https://www.env0.com/blog/terraform-validate-command-practical-examples-and-best-practices",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "YftsQYpcqJqBKPjy5tWOq": {
+    "title": "TFLint",
+    "description": "TFLint is a third-party, extensible linter for Terraform code. It performs static analysis of Terraform configurations to detect potential errors, enforce best practices, and maintain code consistency. Key features include: Checking for potential errors that terraform validate might miss, enforcing naming conventions and code style rules, identifying deprecated syntax or resource types and, providing cloud provider-specific checks\n\nTFLint is configurable via .tflint.hcl files and supports custom rules. It can be integrated into CI/CD pipelines for automated code quality checks. While not an official Terraform tool, TFLint is widely used in the Terraform community to complement built-in validation tools and improve overall code quality and reliability in infrastructure-as-code projects.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "TFLint Documentation",
+        "url": "https://github.com/terraform-linters/tflint",
+        "type": "opensource"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is TFLint and How to Lint Your Terraform Code",
+        "url": "https://spacelift.io/blog/what-is-tflint",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Quick Tech - TFLint",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-BKWpI4Olpw",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "pjmOK1MEMnIV_zAlaOF01": {
+    "title": "Deployment",
+    "description": "Deploying Terraform-defined infrastructure involves several key steps:\n\n*   Initialize the working directory with `terraform init`\n*   Review changes with `terraform plan`\n*   Apply the configuration using `terraform apply`.\n\nYou can learn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "The Core Terraform Workflow",
+        "url": "https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/intro/core-workflow",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "LDxAXmTKyvogvgUpvN5pT": {
+    "title": "terraform plan",
+    "description": "`terraform plan` is a command that creates an execution plan, showing what changes Terraform will make to your infrastructure. It compares the current state with the desired state defined in configuration files and outputs a detailed list of resources to be created, modified, or deleted. Importantly, it doesn't make any actual changes to infrastructure, instead helping identify potential issues before applying changes. The plan can be saved to a file for later execution or review. This command is crucial for reviewing changes before implementation, especially in complex environments, and is commonly used in code reviews and CI/CD pipelines to validate proposed infrastructure modifications. While terraform plan provides a preview, it's worth noting that it can't always predict every change due to external factors or API limitations.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Create a Terraform plan",
+        "url": "https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/tutorials/cli/plan",
+        "type": "course"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Terraform plan command and how it works",
+        "url": "https://spacelift.io/blog/terraform-plan",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Terraform - Terraform Plan",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9v08h-Oaelo",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "LDpj-LY_SOXzno04D-Y25": {
+    "title": "terraform apply",
+    "description": "`terraform apply` is the command used to implement the changes defined in your Terraform configuration files. It creates, updates, or deletes the specified infrastructure resources to match the desired state. Before making changes, it shows a plan similar to terraform plan and prompts for confirmation, unless the -auto-approve flag is used. Apply updates the state file to reflect the current infrastructure state, enabling Terraform to track and manage resources over time. It handles dependencies between resources, creating them in the correct order.\n\nLearn more from the following resoureces:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Apply Terraform configuration",
+        "url": "https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/tutorials/cli/apply",
+        "type": "course"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Terraform Apply Documentation",
+        "url": "https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/cli/commands/plan",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Terraform Apply Command: Options, Examples and Best Practices",
+        "url": "https://www.env0.com/blog/terraform-apply-guide-command-options-and-examples",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "KXlLlaR0_S7gE_ZB1hNEd": {
+    "title": "Inspect / Modify State",
+    "description": "Terraform provides tools to inspect and modify state, enabling management of tracked resources without altering the actual infrastructure. These capabilities allow users to view the current state in human-readable format, list all resources in the state, and obtain detailed information on specific resources. For state modification, Terraform offers methods to move resources within the state or to different state files, remove resources from state without deleting the actual resource, and update the state to match real-world infrastructure. These tools are crucial for reconciling discrepancies between Terraform's state and actual infrastructure, and for managing resources across different Terraform configurations or workspaces. However, state modifications should be performed cautiously, as improper changes can lead to inconsistencies between the state and the actual infrastructure.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "vAFFgKSthyj_3Lxt-Z6pg": {
+    "title": "graph",
+    "description": "The terraform graph command generates a visual representation of either a configuration or execution plan. It creates a graph of resources and their dependencies in DOT format, which can be converted into an image using tools like Graphviz. This visual aid helps developers understand complex resource relationships, identify potential issues in resource ordering, and visualize the overall structure of their infrastructure. The graph can show different aspects of the Terraform configuration, including resource dependencies, data flow, and module relationships. While primarily used for debugging and documentation purposes, the graph command is also valuable for presenting infrastructure designs to stakeholders or for educational purposes. It's particularly useful in large, complex projects where understanding resource interdependencies can be challenging.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Graphviz",
+        "url": "https://gitlab.com/graphviz/graphviz",
+        "type": "opensource"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "graph command",
+        "url": "https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/cli/commands/graph",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How to Generate Images with Terraform Graph Command",
+        "url": "https://spacelift.io/blog/terraform-graph",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Terraform — Resource Graph",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YbnBstMyVEI",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "Y-mgCkDpawt5NrMwDH9Ki": {
+    "title": "list",
+    "description": "The terraform list command is used to display a list of resources within the Terraform state. It provides a quick overview of all the resources currently being managed by Terraform in your configuration. This command is particularly useful when working with large or complex infrastructures, allowing developers to quickly see what resources are under Terraform's control. The output includes the resource type and name for each managed resource, making it easy to identify specific elements of your infrastructure. It's often used in conjunction with other state manipulation commands to verify the contents of the state or to identify resources for further inspection or modification.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Terraform state list",
+        "url": "https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/cli/commands/state/list",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "kw32gb4HSeCEoBwkeziS_": {
+    "title": "output",
+    "description": "The terraform output command is used to extract the value of an output variable from the Terraform state. It allows you to view the values of outputs defined in your Terraform configuration after they have been applied. This command is useful for retrieving information about your infrastructure, such as IP addresses, resource IDs, or computed values, which can then be used in scripts or passed to other systems. When run without arguments, it displays all outputs. You can specify a particular output name to retrieve a specific value. The command supports different output formats, including JSON, making it easy to integrate with other tools or workflows. It's particularly valuable in CI/CD pipelines or when Terraform is used as part of a larger automation process.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Terraform output command",
+        "url": "https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/cli/commands/output",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Terraform output",
+        "url": "https://learning-ocean.com/tutorials/terraform/terraform-output/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "inbTto9Qukdj6egRJ0Zh9": {
+    "title": "Clean Up",
+    "description": "Cleaning up after using Terraform involves removing the infrastructure resources created and managing the associated state. The primary command for this is `terraform destroy`, which deletes all resources managed by the current Terraform configuration. It shows a destruction plan and requires confirmation before proceeding. After destruction, you should remove or archive the state files if they're no longer needed. For partial cleanup, you can remove specific resources from the state using `terraform state rm` and then run `terraform apply` to delete them. It's crucial to ensure all resources are properly removed to avoid unnecessary costs and security risks. Always review the destruction plan carefully, especially in shared or production environments, to prevent accidental deletion of critical resources.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "How to Destroy Terraform Resources",
+        "url": "https://spacelift.io/blog/how-to-destroy-terraform-resources",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "LPI13FILvkD55hWcWbPrV": {
+    "title": "terraform destroy",
+    "description": "terraform destroy is a command used to remove all resources managed by a Terraform configuration. It creates a plan to delete all resources and prompts for confirmation before execution. This command is useful for cleaning up temporary environments or decommissioning entire infrastructures. It removes resources in the reverse order of their dependencies to ensure proper teardown. While powerful, terraform destroy should be used cautiously, especially in shared or production environments, as it can lead to data loss if not carefully managed. It's often used in conjunction with terraform state commands for more granular control over resource removal. After destruction, Terraform updates the state file to reflect the changes, but it's important to manage or remove this file if the project is being completely decommissioned.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Destroy infrastructure",
+        "url": "https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/tutorials/aws-get-started/aws-destroy",
+        "type": "course"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Terraform Destroy Documentation",
+        "url": "https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/cli/commands/destroy",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How to destroy Terraform resources",
+        "url": "https://spacelift.io/blog/how-to-destroy-terraform-resources",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "5xAE-9viD7DP_ugQ6NE_C": {
+    "title": "State",
+    "description": "Terraform state is a crucial concept in Terraform that tracks the current state of your managed infrastructure. It's typically stored in a file named terraform.tfstate, which maps real-world resources to your configuration. This state allows Terraform to determine which changes are necessary to achieve the desired configuration. It contains sensitive information and should be stored securely, often in remote backends like S3 or Terraform Cloud. The state can be manipulated using terraform state commands for tasks like moving resources between states or removing resources from management. Proper state management is essential for collaborative work, ensuring consistency across team members and enabling Terraform to accurately plan and apply changes to your infrastructure.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "State",
+        "url": "https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/language/state",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Purpose of Terraform state",
+        "url": "https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/language/state/purpose",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Managing Terraform state files",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UDBVCzg2IRo",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "pDm08NBVwGf9rAIZC_ZIR": {
+    "title": "Remote State",
+    "description": "Terraform remote state refers to storing the state file in a shared, centralized location rather than locally. This approach enables team collaboration, improves security, and ensures state consistency. Common remote backends include cloud storage services like AWS S3, Azure Blob Storage, or managed services like Terraform Cloud. Remote state allows multiple team members to safely work on the same infrastructure, prevents state file loss, and can provide locking mechanisms to avoid concurrent modifications. It's configured in the backend block of the Terraform configuration. Remote state can also be used to share outputs between different Terraform configurations, enabling modular infrastructure design. While more complex to set up initially, remote state is considered a best practice for production environments and team-based Terraform workflows.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Remote state",
+        "url": "https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/language/state/remote",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "The terraform_remote_state Data Source",
+        "url": "https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/language/state/remote-state-data",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Terraform remote state backends explained",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jSoMQCBxp7E",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "GseYuG9wT8H9R_enxWzuQ": {
+    "title": "State Locking",
+    "description": "Terraform state locking is a mechanism that prevents concurrent modifications to the same state file, avoiding potential conflicts and data corruption. When enabled, Terraform acquires a lock before performing operations that could modify the state, such as apply or destroy. If the lock is unavailable, Terraform waits or fails, depending on configuration. State locking is automatically supported by many backend types, including S3 with DynamoDB, Azure Blob Storage, and Terraform Cloud. It's crucial for team environments where multiple users or automation processes might attempt simultaneous changes. While essential for data integrity, it's important to implement proper lock management to prevent stuck locks from blocking operations.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "State - Locking",
+        "url": "https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/language/state/locking",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "State Storage and Locking",
+        "url": "https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/language/state/backends",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Terraform - State locking",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QdDCUpggmrw",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "L7wAMGi_yU-Bbc9fXlmxZ": {
+    "title": "Import Existing Resources",
+    "description": "terraform state import is a command used to bring existing resources under Terraform management. It allows you to add resources that were created outside of Terraform (e.g., manually or by other tools) into your Terraform state. The command takes two main arguments: the Terraform resource address and the real-world resource identifier. When executed, it adds the resource to the state file without modifying the actual infrastructure. This is useful for adopting Terraform in environments with existing resources, or for recovering from scenarios where state and reality have diverged. After importing, you need to write the corresponding configuration in your Terraform files to match the imported resource.\n\nIn Terraform v1.5.0 and later you can also create `import` blocks in any Terraform configuration file.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Terraform import command",
+        "url": "https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/cli/import",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Terraform Import: What it is and how to use it",
+        "url": "https://terrateam.io/blog/terraform-import",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Exploring the Import Block in Terraform 1.5",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=znfh_00EDZ0",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "a0rUMnYluVUGhyhlDK5S8": {
+    "title": "Splitting State Files",
+    "description": "Splitting Terraform state files involves dividing a large state into smaller, more manageable parts. This is typically done using Terraform workspaces or by organizing resources into separate modules with their own state files. The process helps manage complex infrastructures, improves performance, and allows for more granular access control. To split an existing state, you can use `terraform state mv` to move resources between states, or `terraform state rm` followed by `terraform import` in a new configuration. This approach is beneficial for large projects, enabling teams to work on different parts of infrastructure independently. However, it requires careful planning to manage dependencies between split states. Proper state splitting can lead to more efficient workflows, easier troubleshooting, and better alignment with organizational structures in large-scale Terraform deployments.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "How to split state files",
+        "url": "https://support.hashicorp.com/hc/en-us/articles/7955227415059-How-to-Split-State-Files",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Introducing terraform-state-split",
+        "url": "https://www.shebanglabs.io/moving-terraform-resources-between-different-states/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Organizing Terraform with multiple states",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5TfgdKXr45I",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "1T35eNO18qoyXcX7S-Jox": {
+    "title": "Versioning",
+    "description": "Terraform state versioning refers to the practice of maintaining multiple versions of the state file over time. While Terraform itself doesn't provide built-in versioning, it's typically achieved through backend configurations that support versioning, such as Amazon S3 with versioning enabled or Terraform Cloud. This approach allows teams to track changes, rollback to previous states if needed, and maintain an audit trail of infrastructure modifications. Versioning helps in recovering from accidental state corruptions or deletions, and in understanding the evolution of infrastructure over time. It's considered a best practice for production environments, enhancing disaster recovery capabilities and providing insights into infrastructure changes.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "State Versions API",
+        "url": "https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/cloud-docs/api-docs/state-versions",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "16vLOPP9lTCuBh0q-UVMk": {
+    "title": "Sensitive Data",
+    "description": "Terraform state files often contain sensitive data like passwords, API keys, and other secrets used in resource configurations. This data is stored in plaintext within the state file, posing a security risk if the file is compromised. To mitigate this, Terraform offers several approaches: marking variables as sensitive to prevent them from appearing in logs, using encrypted remote backends for state storage, implementing strict access controls on state files, and utilizing external secret management systems. It's crucial to treat state files as sensitive and secure them accordingly. For highly sensitive environments, some teams opt to store certain secrets outside of Terraform entirely, injecting them at runtime. Regularly auditing state files for sensitive information and implementing proper security measures is essential for maintaining the confidentiality of infrastructure secrets in Terraform deployments.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Sensitive data in state",
+        "url": "https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/language/state/sensitive-data",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Handling Sensitive Values in State",
+        "url": "https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/plugin/best-practices/sensitive-state",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Terraform — Protecting Sensitive Data",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yLc1YkB7DFo",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "jas0XILqCUXjWRk3ZoSEO": {
+    "title": "Best Practices for State",
+    "description": "Terraform state best practices focus on security, consistency, and collaboration.\n\n*   Store state files remotely in encrypted, version-controlled backends like S3 or Terraform Cloud to enable team access and enhance security.\n*   Implement state locking to prevent concurrent modifications. Use workspaces or separate state files for different environments.\n*   Regularly back up state files and enable versioning for rollback capabilities.\n*   Avoid storing sensitive data directly in state; instead, use secret management tools.\n*   Keep state files separate from your Terraform configuration in version control.\n*   Utilize state subcommands for maintenance and troubleshooting. Implement access controls to restrict state file access.\n*   Regularly review and clean up unused resources in the state.\n\nThese practices help maintain a secure, efficient, and manageable Terraform workflow, especially in team environments and complex infrastructures.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Managing Terraform State – Best Practices & Examples",
+        "url": "https://spacelift.io/blog/terraform-state",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Best Practices for Terraform State File Management",
+        "url": "https://www.cloudthat.com/resources/blog/best-practices-for-terraform-state-file-management",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Managing Terraform State Files - What are your options?",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=keiIyarEKf8",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "jvHtSRLuCXJrGIiesgbE-": {
+    "title": "-replace option in apply",
+    "description": "The -replace flag in Terraform is used with the apply or plan command to force the replacement of a specific resource by tainting the resources. This flag instructs Terraform to delete and recreate the specified resource instead of updating it in place. It's useful when you need to regenerate a resource completely, such as when certain attributes can't be modified after creation. The flag is typically used when Terraform can't automatically detect that a resource needs replacement, or when you want to force a replacement for testing or troubleshooting purposes. While powerful, this flag should be used cautiously, especially with stateful resources, as it can lead to data loss. It's often employed in scenarios where in-place updates are not sufficient to achieve the desired configuration state of a resource.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Forcing Re-creation of Resources",
+        "url": "https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/cli/state/taint",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Terraform Taint, Untaint, Replace – How to Use It (Examples)",
+        "url": "https://spacelift.io/blog/terraform-taint",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Terraform Taint Is Bad Actually - Use Replace Instead",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v_T1fuYGjV0",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "7DZB2VeyuouFXOdFEfeZt": {
+    "title": "show",
+    "description": "The terraform show command displays a human-readable view of the current state or a saved plan file. When used without arguments, it presents the current state of the managed infrastructure, including all resources and their attributes. If given a path to a saved plan file, it shows the changes that would be made by applying that plan. This command is useful for inspecting the current state of your infrastructure, verifying the details of specific resources, or reviewing planned changes before applying them. It provides a comprehensive overview of your Terraform-managed resources, making it valuable for debugging, auditing, and understanding the current state of your infrastructure. The output includes sensitive information if present, so care should be taken when sharing or displaying the results in unsecured environments.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Terrform show",
+        "url": "https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/cli/commands/show",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Terraform state show",
+        "url": "https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/cli/commands/state/show",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "uR6Vjm8cek9JRzZV0iTXh": {
+    "title": "rm",
+    "description": "The terraform state rm command is used to remove resources from the Terraform state without destroying the actual infrastructure. This command is useful when you want to stop managing a resource with Terraform without deleting it, or when you need to move a resource to a different state file. It takes one or more resource addresses as arguments, specifying which resources to remove from state. After removal, Terraform will no longer track or manage these resources, but they will continue to exist in your infrastructure. This command should be used carefully, as it can create discrepancies between your Terraform configuration and the actual state of your infrastructure.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Terraform rm command",
+        "url": "https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/cli/commands/state/rm",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Terraform State Rm: How to Remove a Resource From State File",
+        "url": "https://spacelift.io/blog/terraform-state-rm",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How to remove resource from Terraform state file | terraform state rm example",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uK__Ls6an1c",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "0xVXwjWPFXDGRw_3p6th6": {
+    "title": "mv",
+    "description": "The terraform state mv command is used to move resources within a Terraform state or between separate state files. It allows for reorganizing the state without modifying the actual infrastructure. This command is useful when refactoring Terraform configurations, moving resources between modules, or splitting a large state file into smaller ones. It takes two arguments: the source and destination addresses of the resource. The command updates all references to the moved resource, ensuring that future operations correctly target the resource at its new location. This functionality is particularly valuable when restructuring complex projects or adapting to changing organizational needs. However, it should be used cautiously, as incorrect moves can lead to state inconsistencies.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Terraform state mv",
+        "url": "https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/cli/commands/state/mv",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Moving resoureces",
+        "url": "https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/cli/state/move",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Terraform — Terraform State MV ",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i10IMXn3l0o",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "R2AORYmc1NgGTqLZY5Fu-": {
+    "title": "Modules",
+    "description": "Terraform modules are reusable components that encapsulate a set of resources, their configurations, and their interconnections. They allow for organizing Terraform code into logical, self-contained units that can be shared and reused across different projects or within the same project. Modules promote code reusability, maintainability, and consistency in infrastructure deployments. They can accept input variables, produce output values, and be nested within other modules. By using modules, teams can create standardized infrastructure components, enforce best practices, and simplify complex configurations. Modules can be sourced from local directories, version control systems, or public registries like the Terraform Registry. Effective use of modules can significantly reduce code duplication, improve infrastructure management, and enable the creation of scalable, maintainable Terraform configurations.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "6W4_akHG9YtvN6dpbZnG-": {
+    "title": "Root vs Child Modules",
+    "description": "In Terraform, root and child modules refer to different levels of module hierarchy in a configuration. The root module is the main set of configuration files in the working directory where Terraform is executed. It's the entry point of your Terraform project and typically calls other modules. Child modules, on the other hand, are modules called by the root module or by other modules. They are reusable components that encapsulate specific resource configurations. Root modules define the overall architecture and compose child modules to create the complete infrastructure. Child modules focus on specific, repeatable tasks or resource groups. This hierarchy allows for better organization, reusability, and maintainability of Terraform code, enabling complex infrastructures to be broken down into manageable, modular components.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "The root module",
+        "url": "https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/language/modules#the-root-module",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Child modules",
+        "url": "https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/language/modules#child-modules",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is the difference between Terraform \"Module\" and \"Child Module\"",
+        "url": "https://stackoverflow.com/questions/77671412/what-is-the-difference-between-terraform-module-and-child-module",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "AAg_iFggkEZNL12-6nkgK": {
+    "title": "Published Modules Usage",
+    "description": "Using published modules in Terraform involves incorporating pre-built, often community-contributed modules into your infrastructure code. These modules are typically available through the Terraform Registry or other version control systems. They provide ready-made configurations for common infrastructure components, saving time and promoting best practices. To use a published module, you specify its source (usually a URL or registry path) and version in your Terraform configuration. You can then configure the module by passing input variables. Published modules can range from simple resource wrappers to complex, multi-resource configurations. They offer benefits like reduced development time, standardized implementations, and community-tested solutions. However, it's important to review and understand any published module before using it in production environments to ensure it meets your specific requirements and security standards.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Terraform Registry - Modules",
+        "url": "https://registry.terraform.io/browse/modules",
+        "type": "opensource"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Publishing Modules",
+        "url": "https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/registry/modules/publish",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Terraform - Publish modules",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9vBp1D3myH8",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "wQN1QrK9VB_fHlXrBzDoU": {
+    "title": "Creating Local Modules",
+    "description": "Creating local modules in Terraform involves organizing a set of related resources into a reusable package within your project. To create a local module, you typically create a new directory within your project structure and place Terraform configuration files (`.tf`) inside it. These files define the resources, variables, and outputs for the module. The module can then be called from your root configuration using a module block, specifying the local path to the module directory. Local modules are useful for encapsulating and reusing common infrastructure patterns within a project, improving code organization and maintainability. They can accept input variables for customization and provide outputs for use in the calling configuration. Local modules are particularly beneficial for breaking down complex infrastructures into manageable, logical components and for standardizing resource configurations across a project.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Build and use a local moduke",
+        "url": "https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/tutorials/modules/module-create",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How to create reusable infrastructure with Terraform modules",
+        "url": "https://blog.gruntwork.io/how-to-create-reusable-infrastructure-with-terraform-modules-25526d65f73d",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Creating a module in Terraform",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OeL2AlsdNaQ",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "NsBJTYH9KXvjJuhPzjE_L": {
+    "title": "Inputs / Outputs",
+    "description": "Module inputs and outputs in Terraform facilitate the flow of data into and out of modules, enabling customization and data sharing. Inputs are defined using variable blocks within a module and allow the module's behavior to be customized when it's used. They can have default values and type constraints.\n\nWhen calling a module, inputs are provided as arguments. Outputs, defined using output blocks, expose specific values from the module's resources, making them available to the calling module. This allows for data to be passed between modules or to be used in other parts of the configuration. Outputs can include computed values, resource attributes, or any Terraform expression. Properly designed inputs and outputs are crucial for creating flexible, reusable modules that can be easily integrated into various configurations.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Accessing module output values",
+        "url": "https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/language/modules/syntax#accessing-module-output-values",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "gTMPK0tfs2JYgoL7SAGW6": {
+    "title": "Modules Best Practices",
+    "description": "Terraform module best practices focus on creating reusable, maintainable, and scalable infrastructure components.\n\n*   Modules should have a single, clear purpose and be designed with flexibility in mind, using input variables for customization.\n*   Outputs should be carefully chosen to provide necessary information without over-exposing internal details.\n*   Version your modules and use semantic versioning to manage changes.\n*   Keep modules small and focused, adhering to the single responsibility principle.\n*   Document your modules thoroughly, including usage examples and input/output descriptions.\n*   Use consistent naming conventions and structure across modules.\n*   Test modules in isolation and as part of larger systems.\n*   Avoid hard-coding values that might change across environments.\n*   Consider using nested modules for complex structures, but be mindful of over-nesting.\n*   Regularly review and refactor modules to incorporate improvements and maintain best practices.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Module best practices",
+        "url": "https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/tutorials/modules/module#module-best-practices",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Terraform Modules Guide: Best Practices & Examples",
+        "url": "https://www.env0.com/blog/terraform-modules",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Best practices for modularizing a Terraform project | PlatformCon 2023",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=byzwaTng3ac",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "6vs1VvjeILgAPLL6g7dfy": {
+    "title": "Provisioners",
+    "description": "Provisioners in Terraform are used to execute scripts or other actions on local or remote machines as part of resource creation or destruction. They allow for configuration management tasks that go beyond Terraform's declarative model. Provisioners can run scripts, upload files, or execute other tools on resources after they're created. Common types include local-exec (runs commands on the machine running Terraform) and remote-exec (runs commands on a remote resource). While powerful, provisioners should be used sparingly as they can make Terraform runs less predictable and idempotent. They're often seen as a last resort when native Terraform resources or provider capabilities are insufficient. Best practices suggest using dedicated configuration management tools like Ansible or Chef instead of heavy reliance on provisioners. When used, provisioners should be designed to be idempotent and handle potential failures gracefully.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "CmmoshFC1dKE4y3SMN2bl": {
+    "title": "When to Use?",
+    "description": "Provisioners in Terraform should be used judiciously, primarily when other declarative options are insufficient. They're appropriate for tasks that can't be accomplished through Terraform's resource configurations or data sources. Common scenarios include running initialization scripts on newly created servers, installing software not covered by provider-specific resources, or performing one-time setup tasks. Provisioners are useful for bootstrapping configuration management tools or handling complex, stateful operations that Terraform can't manage directly. However, they should be considered a last resort due to their potential to make Terraform runs less predictable and harder to manage. Whenever possible, prefer using cloud-init scripts, custom images, or separate configuration management tools. When provisioners are necessary, design them to be idempotent and resilient to failures to maintain Terraform's desired state consistency.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "My thoughts on why you should use Terraform Provisioners as a final option",
+        "url": "https://thomasthornton.cloud/2023/05/11/my-thoughts-on-why-you-should-use-terraform-provisioners-as-a-final-option/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Why Terraform Provisioners Are The Last Resort?",
+        "url": "https://k21academy.com/terraform-iac/terraform-provisioners/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "CJfCpRN_oVf6n_EfLNJSV": {
+    "title": "Creation / Destroy Time",
+    "description": "Creation and destroy-time provisioners in Terraform are used to execute actions at specific points in a resource's lifecycle. Creation-time provisioners run after a resource is created, while destroy-time provisioners run before a resource is destroyed. Creation-time provisioners are useful for tasks like initializing a newly created server, installing software, or configuring applications. Destroy-time provisioners are typically used for cleanup tasks, such as deregistering a server from a load balancer before deletion. Both types can be specified within a resource block.\n\nCreation-time provisioners that fail will cause the resource creation to fail, potentially leaving resources in an incomplete state. Destroy-time provisioners that fail don't prevent resource destruction but may leave external resources in an inconsistent state. Due to their potential impact on Terraform's ability to manage state consistently, both types should be used cautiously and designed to be idempotent and fault-tolerant.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Creation time provisioners",
+        "url": "https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/language/resources/provisioners/syntax#creation-time-provisioners",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Destroy time provisioners",
+        "url": "https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/language/resources/provisioners/syntax#destroy-time-provisioners",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How to: Terraform destroy time provisioners",
+        "url": "https://support.hashicorp.com/hc/en-us/articles/11119084989587-How-to-Terraform-Destroy-time-Provisioners",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "Qch8k6e4pS8OlmG_sI0hH": {
+    "title": "file provisioner",
+    "description": "The Terraform file provisioner is used to copy files or directories from the machine running Terraform to a newly created resource. It's useful for tasks like uploading configuration files, scripts, or other necessary data to remote systems. The file provisioner can copy a single file or recursively copy directories. It supports both source and content arguments, allowing for either file-based or inline content transfers. This provisioner is often used in conjunction with remote-exec provisioners to execute uploaded scripts. While convenient for simple file transfers, it's important to consider security implications, especially when dealing with sensitive data. For more complex or large-scale file management tasks, dedicated configuration management tools are often preferred. The file provisioner is best used for small, straightforward file transfers needed to bootstrap or configure newly created resources.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Terraform file provisioner",
+        "url": "https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/language/resources/provisioners/file",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "The file provisioner",
+        "url": "https://learning-ocean.com/tutorials/terraform/terraform-file-provisioner/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "g2F5-nX4Aw-xWZiypNbnL": {
+    "title": "local-exec provisioner",
+    "description": "The local-exec provisioner in Terraform allows the execution of local commands on the machine running Terraform after a resource is created. It's useful for tasks that need to be performed locally rather than on the remote resource. This provisioner can run scripts, update local files, or trigger local processes based on the creation of cloud resources. Common use cases include updating local inventories, triggering local notifications, or running local scripts that interact with the newly created resources. While powerful, it should be used judiciously as it can make Terraform operations dependent on the local environment. The local-exec provisioner doesn't affect the resource itself and isn't tracked in Terraform's state, so it's important to design these commands to be idempotent. It's best suited for simple, local operations that don't require complex error handling or state management.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "local-exec Provisioner",
+        "url": "https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/language/resources/provisioners/local-exec",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Local-Exec Provisioner",
+        "url": "https://learning-ocean.com/tutorials/terraform/terraform-local-exec-provisioner/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Terraform - Local exec",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2dVq8L2LBc0",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "JQE3_KakBXZdMVP_pPFNS": {
+    "title": "remote-exec provisioner",
+    "description": "The remote-exec provisioner in Terraform is used to invoke scripts directly on a remote resource after it has been created. This provisioner is commonly used for tasks like software installation, configuration, or any other setup required on the newly created resource. It can run either a list of commands or a script file on the remote system. The remote-exec provisioner requires a connection block to specify how to access the remote system, typically using SSH for Linux or WinRM for Windows. While useful for initial setup tasks, it's generally recommended to use this provisioner sparingly and prefer more robust configuration management tools for complex or ongoing management tasks. Care should be taken to ensure that scripts run by remote-exec are idempotent and handle potential network issues or other failures gracefully.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Remote-exec provisioner",
+        "url": "https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/language/resources/provisioners/remote-exec",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Terraform remote-exec provisioner",
+        "url": "https://learning-ocean.com/tutorials/terraform/terraform-remote-exec-provisioner/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Terraform - remote-exec",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kjDXbGeLvRw",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "HEr-BBxE3jRKTqRnguds1": {
+    "title": "Custom Provisioners",
+    "description": "Terraform custom provisioners allow developers to extend Terraform's provisioning capabilities beyond the built-in options. These are created using Go programming language and the Terraform plugin SDK. Custom provisioners can perform specialized tasks tailored to specific infrastructure needs or organizational requirements. They follow the same lifecycle as built-in provisioners, executing during resource creation or destruction.\n\nDeveloping custom provisioners requires a deep understanding of Terraform's architecture and Go programming. They're useful for integrating Terraform with proprietary systems or implementing complex, organization-specific provisioning logic. However, custom provisioners should be approached cautiously, as they increase maintenance overhead and can complicate Terraform upgrades. In many cases, it's preferable to use existing provisioners or separate configuration management tools unless there's a compelling need for custom functionality.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Terraform provisioners",
+        "url": "https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/language/resources/provisioners/syntax",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Terraform provisioners - Why you should avoid them",
+        "url": "https://spacelift.io/blog/terraform-provisioners",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "huXZz55P7kVJwTn5BS_Wk": {
+    "title": "Data Sources",
+    "description": "Terraform data sources allow retrieval of information from external systems or existing resources for use within Terraform configurations. They provide a way to query and fetch data that can be used in resource definitions, making configurations more dynamic and adaptable. Data sources don't create or manage resources; instead, they read existing data. Common uses include fetching AMI IDs, looking up IP ranges, or retrieving information about existing infrastructure components. Data sources are defined using data blocks in Terraform configuration files and can accept arguments to filter or specify the data being requested. They enable Terraform to integrate with existing infrastructure or external systems, facilitating more flexible and context-aware resource management.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Terraform data sources",
+        "url": "https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/language/data-sources",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Terraform Data Sources – How They Are Utilized",
+        "url": "https://spacelift.io/blog/terraform-data-sources-how-they-are-utilised",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Data Sources in Terraform",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y92Q5nW5-5g",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "tB4zfwY4E3GmXo-XQwS-l": {
+    "title": "Template Files",
+    "description": "Terraform template files are a powerful feature for creating customizable, reusable configuration snippets. These files, typically with a `.tftpl` extension, contain placeholders that can be filled with variables at runtime. Terraform uses the `templatefile` function to process these files, replacing variables with actual values. This approach is useful for generating configuration files, scripts, or any text-based content that needs to be parameterized. Template files enhance modularity and reduce repetition in Terraform configurations. They're commonly used for creating user data scripts for EC2 instances, generating complex JSON configurations, or preparing any text-based resource that requires dynamic content. The `templatefile` function reads the contents of a file and renders its template syntax with a given set of variables, allowing for dynamic and flexible resource configurations.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "templatefile function",
+        "url": "https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/language/functions/templatefile",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What are Terraform templates?",
+        "url": "https://spacelift.io/blog/terraform-templates",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Using templatefile in Terraform",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cRYYFCekOIk",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "wSh7bbPswcFAzOicX8VPx": {
+    "title": "state pull / push",
+    "description": "The `terraform state pull` and `terraform state push` commands are used for managing Terraform state in remote backends. The `pull` command retrieves the current state from the configured backend and outputs it to stdout, allowing for inspection or backup of the remote state. It's useful for debugging or for performing manual state manipulations.\n\nThe`push` command does the opposite, uploading a local state file to the configured backend, overwriting the existing remote state. This is typically used to restore a backup or to manually reconcile state discrepancies. Both commands should be used with caution, especially push, as they can potentially overwrite important state information.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Command - State pull",
+        "url": "https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/cli/commands/state/pull",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Command - State push",
+        "url": "https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/cli/commands/state/push",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Migrate Workspace State Using Terraform State Push / Pull",
+        "url": "https://support.hashicorp.com/hc/en-us/articles/360001151948-Migrate-Workspace-State-Using-Terraform-State-Push-Pull",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "Os6AOXp1CVI_Bh3NYnX17": {
+    "title": "state replace-provider",
+    "description": "The `terraform state replace-provider` command in Terraform is used to update the provider information in the state file without altering the actual infrastructure. This command is particularly useful when migrating from one provider to another, or when updating to a new major version of a provider that involves a change in the provider's namespace. It allows users to change the provider associated with resources in the state file, effectively telling Terraform to use a different provider for managing these resources in future operations. This command is crucial for maintaining state consistency during provider transitions or upgrades, especially in large-scale infrastructures. While it doesn't modify the actual resources, it updates Terraform's understanding of which provider should be used to manage them, facilitating smooth provider migrations without requiring resource recreation.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Command - state replace-provider",
+        "url": "https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/cli/commands/state/replace-provider",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "Trpi2ZlnXZVYJCibE2bQ8": {
+    "title": "state force-unlock",
+    "description": "The `terraform state force-unlock` command in Terraform is used to manually release a stuck state lock. State locking is a mechanism that prevents concurrent operations on the same state, but occasionally a lock may not be properly released due to crashes or network issues. This command allows administrators to forcibly remove the lock, enabling further Terraform operations to proceed. It should be used with extreme caution, as it can lead to state corruption if multiple users are attempting to modify the state simultaneously. Before using force-unlock, it's crucial to ensure that no other Terraform operations are genuinely in progress. This command is typically a last resort for resolving locking issues and should only be employed when certain that the lock is erroneously held and no conflicting operations are ongoing.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Command: force-unlock",
+        "url": "https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/cli/commands/force-unlock",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Terraform force-unlock command",
+        "url": "https://spacelift.io/blog/terraform-force-unlock",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Terraform — Force Unlock",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qVs9pLaXSeg",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "nFq-64JQoYAKjN9YkmOfO": {
+    "title": "Workspaces",
+    "description": "Terraform workspaces allow managing multiple distinct sets of infrastructure resources within a single configuration. They provide a way to create separate instances of state for the same configuration, enabling users to maintain different environments (like development, staging, and production) or experiment with changes without affecting the main infrastructure. Each workspace has its own state file, allowing for isolated management of resources. Workspaces are particularly useful for testing changes before applying them to production or for managing slight variations in configuration across different environments. They can be easily switched between using Terraform CLI commands. For more significant environment differences, separate configuration directories or state files might be more appropriate.\n\nLearn more with the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Workspaces",
+        "url": "https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/language/state/workspaces",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What are Terraform workspaces?",
+        "url": "https://spacelift.io/blog/terraform-workspaces",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Structuring Repositories for Terraform Workspaces - Hashicorp",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IDLGpkRmDXg",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "O194eWh529jj4VDhKxNSj": {
+    "title": "CI / CD Integration",
+    "description": "CI/CD integration with Terraform involves incorporating infrastructure-as-code practices into continuous integration and continuous deployment pipelines. This integration automates the process of planning, validating, and applying Terraform configurations as part of software delivery workflows.\n\nIn a typical setup, CI/CD pipelines run Terraform commands to check syntax, generate plans, and apply changes to infrastructure. This approach ensures that infrastructure changes are versioned, tested, and deployed consistently alongside application code. Key aspects include automated testing of Terraform configurations, secure handling of sensitive data like access keys, and implementing approval processes for infrastructure changes.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "weIlGqGN15U8BH1yE9moA": {
+    "title": "GitHub Actions",
+    "description": "Using Terraform with GitHub Actions allows for automated infrastructure management as part of a GitHub-based CI/CD pipeline. This integration enables automatic planning, validation, and application of Terraform configurations when changes are pushed to a repository. Typical workflow steps include checking out code, setting up Terraform, initializing the working directory, and running Terraform commands like plan and apply. GitHub Actions can be configured to run Terraform in different environments, manage state files, and handle secrets securely. It's important to configure appropriate permissions and use GitHub Secrets for sensitive data.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "setup-terraform",
+        "url": "https://github.com/hashicorp/setup-terraform",
+        "type": "opensource"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Automate Terraform with GitHub Actions",
+        "url": "https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/tutorials/automation/github-actions",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Terraform with GitHub Actions : How to Manage & Scale",
+        "url": "https://spacelift.io/blog/github-actions-terraform",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "6OoAdvikyp0byMH2oZhyQ": {
+    "title": "Circle CI",
+    "description": "Integrating Terraform with CircleCI enables automated infrastructure management within CircleCI's continuous integration and deployment pipelines. This setup allows for consistent and repeatable infrastructure deployments alongside application code changes. In a typical CircleCI configuration, jobs are defined to run Terraform commands like init, plan, and apply. The workflow can include steps for checking out code, setting up Terraform, and managing state files. CircleCI's environment variables and contexts can be used to securely store and access sensitive data like cloud provider credentials. CircleCI's parallelism features can be leveraged for faster execution of Terraform in complex setups.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "CircleCI Terraform Orb",
+        "url": "https://circleci.com/developer/orbs/orb/circleci/terraform",
+        "type": "opensource"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Deploy infrastructure with Terraform and CircleCI",
+        "url": "https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/tutorials/automation/circle-ci",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How I deployed terraform resources with CircleCI",
+        "url": "https://medium.com/nerd-for-tech/how-i-deployed-terraform-resources-with-circleci-628aa29ed514",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "fH27mGrdnkDQCrGGDFU6p": {
+    "title": "GitLab CI",
+    "description": "Using Terraform with GitLab CI enables automated infrastructure management within GitLab's CI/CD pipeline. A typical GitLab CI pipeline for Terraform includes stages for validation, planning, and applying changes. The pipeline can be configured to run Terraform commands automatically on code pushes or merge requests. GitLab CI variables are used to store sensitive information like cloud credentials securely. GitLab's native features like environments and approvals can be leveraged to manage different deployment stages and control when changes are applied.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Infrastructure as Code with Terraform and GitLab",
+        "url": "https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/user/infrastructure/iac/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How to Implement GitLab CI/CD Pipeline with Terraform",
+        "url": "https://spacelift.io/blog/gitlab-terraform",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Automate deploying to AWS using Terraform with GitLab CICD pipeline",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oqOzM_WBqZc",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "qFpaqOSoefTyKxmI-FRZt": {
+    "title": "Jenkins",
+    "description": "Using Terraform with Jenkins enables automated infrastructure management within a Jenkins-based CI/CD pipeline. This integration allows for consistent and repeatable infrastructure deployments alongside application builds. In a typical setup, Jenkins jobs or pipelines are configured to execute Terraform commands, such as `init`, `plan`, and `apply`. Jenkins can manage different environments by using parameters or separate jobs for each environment. Proper credential management is crucial for securely handling cloud provider access keys. Jenkins' rich plugin ecosystem can enhance Terraform workflows with additional features like visualization and notification capabilities.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Terraform with Jenkins – How to Manage Workflows",
+        "url": "https://spacelift.io/blog/terraform-jenkins",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "£article@How to run Terraform in your Jenkins CI/CD pipeline.",
+        "url": "https://blog.digger.dev/how-to-run-terraform-in-jenkins/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How to Use Terraform and Jenkins to Automate Infrastructure Setup",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kIDiP3Unj7Y",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "QSftI21seX6I_xPonlfmU": {
+    "title": "Testing",
+    "description": "Testing Terraform code involves multiple approaches to ensure reliability and correctness of infrastructure-as-code. This includes syntax validation, linting for best practices, unit testing of modules, integration testing to verify resource creation, plan testing to review expected changes, and compliance testing for organizational policies. Tools like TFLint and frameworks such as Terratest are commonly used. Automated testing in CI/CD pipelines helps catch errors early and maintain code quality. Mock providers can be employed for testing without affecting real infrastructure, while property-based testing explores different input combinations. Effective testing strategies balance thoroughness with practicality, considering factors like execution time and resource costs.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "V7_NnDIY1MefV_xjCCsnI": {
+    "title": "Unit Testing",
+    "description": "Terraform unit testing focuses on verifying the behavior of individual modules or components in isolation. It typically involves creating small, focused test cases that validate the expected outputs and resource configurations of a module given specific inputs. Tools like Terratest, a Go library, are commonly used for writing and running these tests. Unit tests for Terraform might check if resources are correctly defined, if count and for\\_each meta-arguments work as expected, or if output values are calculated correctly. These tests often use mock data or minimal real infrastructure to simulate various scenarios. While they don't guarantee the actual creation of resources, unit tests are valuable for quickly catching logic errors, ensuring module interfaces work as intended, and maintaining code quality as modules evolve.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Terraform unit tests",
+        "url": "https://www.hashicorp.com/blog/testing-hashicorp-terraform#unit-tests",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Integration or unit testing",
+        "url": "https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/language/tests#integration-or-unit-testing",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "bjozhkpOI9UjjNfmT5HhY": {
+    "title": "Contract Testing",
+    "description": "Terraform contract testing focuses on verifying the interfaces and interactions between different modules or components of your infrastructure code. This approach ensures that modules work correctly together and adhere to expected input/output contracts. Contract tests typically validate that a module accepts the correct input variables, produces the expected outputs, and creates resources with the right attributes. They often involve setting up test fixtures with mock data or minimal real infrastructure. The goal is to catch integration issues early, such as mismatched variable types or unexpected resource configurations. Contract testing helps maintain consistency across module versions and ensures that changes to one module don't break dependent modules. This type of testing is particularly valuable in large, modular Terraform projects where multiple teams may be working on different components of the infrastructure.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Terraform Contract Tests",
+        "url": "https://www.hashicorp.com/blog/testing-hashicorp-terraform#contract-tests",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Contract Testing: An Introduction and Guide",
+        "url": "https://www.blazemeter.com/blog/contract-testing#:~:text=Contract%20testing%20focuses%20on%20verifying,services%20that%20rely%20on%20it.",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Contract testing for microservices is a must!",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fh8CqZtghQw",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "ENkLj3z6hR2cKT7rBhYp5": {
+    "title": "Integration Testing",
+    "description": "Terraform integration testing involves verifying that Terraform configurations work correctly with actual cloud resources and services. These tests create real infrastructure components, interact with them, and then destroy them, ensuring that resources are properly provisioned and configured in a live environment. Integration tests typically use frameworks like Terratest or custom scripts to automate the process of applying Terraform configurations, validating the resulting infrastructure, and cleaning up afterwards. They check for correct resource creation, proper configuration of interdependent resources, and overall system behavior. While more time-consuming and potentially costly than unit tests, integration tests provide high confidence in the reliability of Terraform code in real-world scenarios. They're crucial for catching issues that may only appear when interacting with actual cloud services, such as API limitations or unexpected service behaviors.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Integration or unit testing",
+        "url": "https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/language/tests#integration-or-unit-testing",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Integration tests",
+        "url": "https://www.hashicorp.com/blog/testing-hashicorp-terraform#integration-tests",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Learn Terraform - Integration and End-to-End Testing",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gdcc1WBzMwY",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "QqwlAtz7VfrMtNEGpT5Sa": {
+    "title": "End to End Testing",
+    "description": "Terraform end-to-end testing involves validating the entire infrastructure deployment process from start to finish, simulating real-world usage scenarios. These tests apply complete Terraform configurations to create full environments, verify the functionality and interactions of all components, and then destroy the infrastructure. End-to-end tests often include checking network connectivity, application deployments, and overall system performance. They may involve multiple Terraform modules and external systems, testing the infrastructure as a cohesive unit. While resource-intensive and time-consuming, these tests provide the highest level of confidence in the infrastructure's correctness and reliability. They're particularly valuable for detecting issues that arise from complex interactions between different parts of the infrastructure. End-to-end tests are typically run less frequently than other types of tests, often as part of release processes or major change validations.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Getting Started: End to End Tests",
+        "url": "https://tf2project.io/docs/getting-started/end-to-end-tests.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "End-to-end tests",
+        "url": "https://www.hashicorp.com/blog/testing-hashicorp-terraform#end-to-end-tests",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "End To End Testing On Terraform With Terratest",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PlzL6Bv2fSA",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "H3_So6qX-s2131WHGR_GO": {
+    "title": "Testing Modules",
+    "description": "Testing Terraform modules involves validating their functionality, reusability, and correctness in isolation and as part of larger systems. This process typically includes unit testing to verify individual module behavior, integration testing to ensure proper interaction with other components, and sometimes end-to-end testing for complex modules. Tests often use tools like Terratest or custom scripts to automate the creation of resources, verification of outputs, and cleanup. Key aspects include testing various input combinations, verifying resource attributes and outputs, and ensuring idempotency. Module testing also involves checking for proper handling of edge cases and error conditions. While it requires initial setup effort, thorough module testing enhances reliability, facilitates refactoring, and improves overall infrastructure code quality.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Write Terraform tests",
+        "url": "https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/tutorials/configuration-language/test",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Terraform test",
+        "url": "https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/language/tests",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Terraform module testing",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1LInIWM_2UQ",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "ECcHo0KTDN27MuVTC-Fwy": {
+    "title": "Scaling Terraform",
+    "description": "Scaling Terraform involves strategies to manage large and complex infrastructure deployments efficiently. Key approaches include modularizing configurations to improve reusability and maintainability, using workspaces or separate state files for different environments, and implementing remote state storage with locking mechanisms.\n\nEfficient state management becomes crucial, often involving state splitting to reduce operation times. Adopting a CI/CD pipeline for Terraform helps automate and standardize deployment processes. Implementing proper access controls and using features like Terraform Cloud or Enterprise for team collaboration and governance becomes important. Performance optimization techniques, such as using -parallelism flag and targeted applies, help manage large-scale changes. As scale increases, considerations around cost management, security, and compliance gain prominence. Effective scaling often requires a balance between centralized control and distributed team autonomy in infrastructure management.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "zCU02_5Pide5BZiuMuqEU": {
+    "title": "Splitting Large State",
+    "description": "Splitting large Terraform states involves breaking down a monolithic state file into smaller, more manageable units. This approach is crucial for improving performance, reducing the risk of state corruption, and enabling parallel workflows in large-scale infrastructures. Strategies include organizing resources into separate Terraform workspaces or using distinct state files for different logical components or environments. The process often involves using `terraform state mv` to relocate resources between states or `terraform state rm` followed by `import` in the new configuration. Careful planning is essential to manage dependencies between split states. Benefits include faster apply times, reduced risk of concurrent modification conflicts, and the ability to grant more granular access control.\n\nSee `Splitting State Files` in the `State` topic for more resources.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "RtwZy60ruRpskmgr1qYYf": {
+    "title": "Parallelism",
+    "description": "Terraform parallelism refers to its ability to create, modify, or destroy multiple resources concurrently. By default, Terraform performs operations on up to 10 resource instances simultaneously. This parallel execution can significantly reduce the time required for applying large configurations. The level of parallelism can be adjusted using the `-parallelism` flag in Terraform commands or through configuration settings. Increasing parallelism can speed up operations, especially in large infrastructures, but may also increase load on the API endpoints of cloud providers. It's important to balance parallelism with API rate limits and resource dependencies. Some resources or providers may not support parallel operations, and Terraform automatically serializes these. Effective use of parallelism requires understanding resource dependencies and provider capabilities to optimize performance without causing errors or exceeding service limits.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Considerations when setting the TFE_PARALLELISM environment variable",
+        "url": "https://support.hashicorp.com/hc/en-us/articles/10348130482451-Considerations-when-setting-the-TFE-PARALLELISM-environment-variable",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Walking the graph",
+        "url": "https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/internals/graph#walking-the-graph",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "wL3WWhjPEgFmumOmCPRDf": {
+    "title": "Deployment Workflow",
+    "description": "A Terraform deployment workflow for scaling typically involves several key stages optimized for managing large infrastructures. It starts with code development in feature branches, followed by automated testing including syntax checks, linting, and unit tests. Pull requests trigger plan generations for review. After approval, changes merge to a main branch, initiating a CI/CD pipeline. This pipeline runs more comprehensive tests, including integration and possibly end-to-end tests. For large infrastructures, the workflow often includes staged deployments, starting with lower environments and progressively moving to production. It may involve partial applies or use of workspaces to manage different environments. The process incorporates manual approval gates for critical changes. State management becomes crucial, often utilizing remote backends with locking. Monitoring and logging are integrated to track deployment progress and catch issues early.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "The Core Terraform Workflow",
+        "url": "https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/intro/core-workflow",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Terraform Basics: Core Workflow",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sqLD39xqcx0",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Advanced Concepts and Faster Workflows in the Terraform Language",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J8J7ixBNF-M",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "AEtW6j2GcfZz7IXk4sM6c": {
+    "title": "Terragrunt",
+    "description": "Terragrunt is a thin wrapper for Terraform that provides extra tools for keeping your configurations DRY (Don't Repeat Yourself), working with multiple Terraform modules, and managing remote state. It helps in managing large-scale infrastructure by reducing code duplication and simplifying the management of multiple environments. Key features include the ability to keep Terraform code DRY by defining inputs and backend configurations centrally, execute Terraform commands on multiple modules at once, and manage remote state for each module automatically. Terragrunt also facilitates the use of Terraform modules across different environments by allowing for easy parameter injection. It's particularly useful in complex, multi-environment setups where maintaining consistency and reducing repetition in Terraform configurations is crucial.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "gruntwork-io/terragrunt",
+        "url": "https://github.com/gruntwork-io/terragrunt",
+        "type": "opensource"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Terragrunt Website",
+        "url": "https://terragrunt.gruntwork.io/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Terragrunt Tutorial: Examples and Use Cases",
+        "url": "https://www.env0.com/blog/terragrunt",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "oANePqjkwtNMwvV-_W0B7": {
+    "title": "Infracost",
+    "description": "Infracost is an open-source tool that provides real-time cost estimates for Terraform projects. It analyzes Terraform configuration files and generates detailed cost breakdowns for cloud resources across various providers like AWS, Azure, and Google Cloud. Infracost integrates into CI/CD pipelines to show cost implications of infrastructure changes during the development process. It supports diff outputs, showing how proposed changes will affect costs. This tool is particularly valuable for teams looking to optimize cloud spending and maintain cost awareness throughout the infrastructure development lifecycle. Infracost can be used standalone or integrated with other tools, helping teams make informed decisions about resource provisioning and configuration changes.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "infracost/infracost",
+        "url": "https://github.com/infracost/infracost",
+        "type": "opensource"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Infracost Website",
+        "url": "https://www.infracost.io/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Shifting FinOps Left: A live demo",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BQeO137DDo8",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "uVz9WwVAgMu1ZU0qjqVnc": {
+    "title": "Secret Management",
+    "description": "Terraform secret management is a critical aspect of secure infrastructure-as-code practices, focusing on the protection of sensitive information like API keys, passwords, and access tokens. Instead of storing secrets directly in Terraform files, best practices advocate for using external secret management systems such as HashiCorp Vault, AWS Secrets Manager, or Azure Key Vault. These systems allow Terraform to retrieve secrets securely during execution, significantly reducing the risk of exposure. For local development, tools like git-crypt or SOPS provide encryption for sensitive files, while Terraform's built-in encrypted state storage options safeguard secrets in state files. By marking variables as sensitive, accidental logging of secret values can be prevented. In CI/CD pipelines, it's crucial to inject secrets securely at runtime and avoid committing them to version control systems. Regular rotation of secrets and access audits further enhance security.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Terraform Secrets - How to manage them",
+        "url": "https://spacelift.io/blog/terraform-secrets",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "A comprehensive guide to managing secrets in your Terraform code",
+        "url": "https://blog.gruntwork.io/a-comprehensive-guide-to-managing-secrets-in-your-terraform-code-1d586955ace1",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Inject secrets with Vault",
+        "url": "https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/tutorials/secrets",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "z0PcbgpHbR6Fm07-On4P8": {
+    "title": "Compliance / Sentinel",
+    "description": "Hashicorp Sentinel is a policy-as-code framework integrated with HashiCorp's enterprise products, including Terraform Cloud and Terraform Enterprise. It allows organizations to define and enforce standardized, fine-grained policies across their infrastructure deployments. Sentinel policies can be written to check for security compliance, cost management, or operational best practices before Terraform applies any changes. These policies use a domain-specific language to define rules that evaluate Terraform plans and state, enabling teams to catch potential issues early in the development process. Sentinel can enforce mandatory policies that prevent non-compliant infrastructure changes from being applied, or advisory policies that warn but don't block deployments.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "hashicorp/terraform-sentinel-policies",
+        "url": "https://github.com/hashicorp/terraform-sentinel-policies",
+        "type": "opensource"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Terraform and Sentinel",
+        "url": "https://developer.hashicorp.com/sentinel/docs/terraform",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Enforce policy-as-code",
+        "url": "https://www.terraform.io/use-cases/enforce-policy-as-code",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "Vxo_gNdFl3CZXV7GLPqjD": {
+    "title": "Trivy",
+    "description": "Trivy is a comprehensive, open-source security scanner primarily known for container image scanning, but it also supports Infrastructure as Code (IaC) analysis, including Terraform configurations. It can detect vulnerabilities in dependencies, misconfigurations in cloud infrastructure setups, and potential security risks in Terraform code. Trivy's IaC scanning capabilities cover various cloud providers and can identify issues related to compliance, security best practices, and common misconfigurations. The tool is designed for easy integration into CI/CD pipelines, offering fast scanning times and multiple output formats for better reporting and integration with other DevOps tools. Trivy's strength lies in its ability to provide a unified scanning solution across different aspects of the software development lifecycle, from container images to IaC, making it a versatile tool for maintaining security throughout the development and deployment process.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "aquasecurity/trivy",
+        "url": "https://github.com/aquasecurity/trivy",
+        "type": "opensource"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Trivy Website",
+        "url": "https://trivy.dev/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How to secure Terraform code with Trivy",
+        "url": "https://verifa.io/blog/how-to-secure-terraform-trivy/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "MUkbLTMzmaVWbAJj6G3aj": {
+    "title": "KICS",
+    "description": "KICS (Keeping Infrastructure as Code Secure) is an open-source static analysis tool designed to scan Infrastructure as Code (IaC) files, including Terraform configurations, for security vulnerabilities, compliance issues, and infrastructure misconfigurations. It supports multiple IaC technologies and cloud providers, offering a comprehensive approach to securing cloud-native environments. KICS uses a robust set of predefined rules to detect potential security risks, ranging from insecure defaults to violations of industry standards and best practices. The tool allows for custom query development, enabling organizations to tailor scans to their specific security and compliance needs. KICS can be easily integrated into CI/CD pipelines, providing early detection of issues in the development lifecycle. Its ability to generate detailed reports and support various output formats facilitates easy interpretation of results and integration with other security and DevOps tools, making it a valuable asset in maintaining secure and compliant infrastructure deployments managed through Terraform.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "checkmarx/kics",
+        "url": "https://github.com/Checkmarx/kics",
+        "type": "opensource"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "KICS Website",
+        "url": "https://kics.io/index.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Autoremediate your Infrastructure-as-Code",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jVpQPTyg3hs",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "3MnZK2V5KhBhw67SyUVPk": {
+    "title": "Security",
+    "description": "Terraform security encompasses practices and tools to ensure the safe and compliant management of infrastructure-as-code. Key aspects include securing Terraform state files, which often contain sensitive information, by using encrypted remote backends. Access control is crucial, implementing least privilege principles for both human users and service accounts. Sensitive data management involves using vault systems or cloud-native secret managers rather than hardcoding credentials. Code review processes should include security checks, and automated scanning tools can be integrated to detect misconfigurations or policy violations. Implementing compliance-as-code with tools like Terraform Sentinel ensures adherence to organizational policies. Version control and proper git hygiene help maintain audit trails.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "NSWG79dEygyl6pb54wLrE": {
+    "title": "Terrascan",
+    "description": "Terrascan is an open-source static code analyzer for Infrastructure as Code (IaC) that helps detect compliance and security violations across multiple IaC tools, including Terraform. It scans Terraform configurations against a set of predefined policies to identify potential security risks, misconfigurations, and compliance issues before deployment. Terrascan can be integrated into CI/CD pipelines, providing early detection of vulnerabilities in the development lifecycle. It supports custom policies, allowing organizations to enforce their specific security and compliance requirements. The tool covers various cloud providers and can be extended to support additional policy types.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "tenable/terrascan",
+        "url": "https://github.com/tenable/terrascan",
+        "type": "opensource"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Terrascan Website",
+        "url": "https://runterrascan.io/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is Terrascan?",
+        "url": "https://spacelift.io/blog/what-is-terrascan",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "ljj7ngl1N4ezCXQ0o6Y8x": {
+    "title": "Checkov",
+    "description": "Checkov is an open-source static code analysis tool designed for scanning Infrastructure as Code (IaC) files, including Terraform configurations, for security and compliance issues. It provides a comprehensive set of out-of-the-box policies covering various cloud providers and security best practices. Checkov can identify misconfigurations, security risks, and compliance violations in Terraform code before deployment, helping to shift security left in the development process. The tool supports custom policies written in Python, allowing organizations to enforce specific requirements. Checkov integrates easily into CI/CD pipelines and offers multiple output formats for better reporting and integration with other tools. Its ability to scan for a wide range of issues, from insecure defaults to compliance with standards like CIS Benchmarks, makes it a powerful asset for maintaining secure and compliant infrastructure deployments.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "bridgecrewio/checkov",
+        "url": "https://github.com/bridgecrewio/checkov",
+        "type": "opensource"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Checkov Website",
+        "url": "https://www.checkov.io/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Scanning Terraform Code with Checkov",
+        "url": "https://devopscube.com/terraform-checkov-scan/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "erxow5xNRj01WepdFOhVf": {
+    "title": "HCP",
+    "description": "HCP (HashiCorp Cloud Platform) is a fully managed platform that provides HashiCorp products as a service, including Terraform. It offers a centralized way to provision, secure, connect, and run any infrastructure for any application. HCP integrates seamlessly with Terraform, providing enhanced capabilities for managing infrastructure at scale. Key features include automated workflows, centralized state management, and secure remote operations. It offers built-in collaboration tools, making it easier for teams to work together on infrastructure projects. HCP provides governance and policy enforcement capabilities, allowing organizations to maintain compliance and security standards across their infrastructure. With its integration of other HashiCorp tools like Vault for secrets management and Consul for service networking, HCP creates a comprehensive ecosystem for cloud infrastructure management. This platform is particularly beneficial for organizations looking to streamline their infrastructure operations, enhance security, and maintain consistency across multi-cloud environments.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "K_7dB-5cCYzGbwYXXaoiY": {
+    "title": "What and when to use HCP?",
+    "description": "HashiCorp Cloud Platform (HCP) is best used when organizations need a managed, scalable solution for their infrastructure-as-code practices. It's particularly valuable for teams seeking to streamline operations across multi-cloud environments, enhance collaboration, and maintain consistent governance. HCP is ideal when there's a need for centralized management of Terraform workflows, secure remote operations, and integrated secrets management. It's beneficial for large enterprises or growing teams that require robust access controls, policy enforcement, and audit capabilities. HCP should be considered when the complexity of self-managing HashiCorp tools becomes a burden, or when there's a desire to reduce operational overhead. It's also useful when organizations want to leverage the synergies between different HashiCorp products like Terraform, Vault, and Consul in a unified, managed environment. The platform is most effective when scaling infrastructure management needs outgrow the capabilities of standalone Terraform implementations.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Use Cases",
+        "url": "https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/intro/use-cases",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "elW7IMBSF0ydmlb7rtI1o": {
+    "title": "Enterprise Features",
+    "description": "HashiCorp Cloud Platform (HCP) offers several enterprise-grade features designed to enhance large-scale infrastructure management:\n\n1.  Centralized workflow management for Terraform operations\n2.  Advanced role-based access control (RBAC) for fine-grained permissions\n3.  Policy as Code with Sentinel for governance and compliance\n4.  Private network connectivity for secure access to cloud resources\n5.  Audit logging for comprehensive tracking of all platform activities\n6.  Integrated secrets management with Vault\n7.  Service networking capabilities through Consul\n8.  Multi-cloud and hybrid cloud support\n9.  Scalable remote state management\n10.  Cost estimation and optimization tools\n11.  Customizable policy libraries for security and compliance\n12.  Single sign-on (SSO) and identity federation\n13.  API-driven automation for infrastructure provisioning\n14.  Collaborative features for team-based infrastructure development\n15.  Continuous compliance monitoring and reporting\n\nThese features collectively provide a robust, secure, and scalable environment for enterprise-level infrastructure management and DevOps practices.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "HCP Website",
+        "url": "https://www.hashicorp.com/cloud",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "HCP Terraform Plans and Features",
+        "url": "https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/cloud-docs/overview",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How does The Infrastructure Cloud work?",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zWWGsJrWj5E",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "RPcsyhIG027uP7KF0hwaY": {
+    "title": "Authentication",
+    "description": "HCP (HashiCorp Cloud Platform) authentication provides secure access management for its services, including Terraform Cloud. It utilizes a comprehensive identity and access management system that supports multiple authentication methods. These include username/password combinations, single sign-on (SSO) integration with popular identity providers, and API tokens for programmatic access. HCP supports SAML 2.0 for enterprise-grade SSO, allowing seamless integration with existing identity management systems. For machine-to-machine communication, HCP offers service principal authentication, enabling secure, automated interactions with HCP services. The platform also provides fine-grained role-based access control (RBAC), allowing administrators to define and manage user permissions across different resources and operations.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "hashicorp/hcp-auth-login",
+        "url": "https://github.com/hashicorp/hcp-auth-action",
+        "type": "opensource"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "hcp auth login",
+        "url": "https://developer.hashicorp.com/hcp/docs/cli/commands/auth/login",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Authenticate with HCP",
+        "url": "https://registry.terraform.io/providers/hashicorp/hcp/latest/docs/guides/auth",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "JoUWF6AQoreELxFHNi9oo": {
+    "title": "Workspaces",
+    "description": "HCP workspaces, particularly in the context of Terraform Cloud, provide isolated environments for managing different sets of infrastructure. Each workspace is associated with a specific Terraform configuration and maintains its own state file, variables, and access controls. Workspaces enable teams to organize and separate infrastructure based on projects, environments, or teams. They support collaborative workflows by allowing multiple team members to work on the same infrastructure while maintaining version control and change history. HCP workspaces offer features like remote state management, secure variable storage, and integration with version control systems. They also provide run triggers for automating workflows across dependent infrastructures. With built-in access controls, organizations can enforce least-privilege principles by granting specific permissions to users or teams for each workspace.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Workspaces",
+        "url": "https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/cloud-docs/workspaces",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Organize workspaces with projects",
+        "url": "https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/tutorials/cloud/projects",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Organize your Terraform Cloud workspaces using Projects",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J1T1tbU6wAU",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "Z6dG92afC8SGwCFNTx4ac": {
+    "title": "VCS Integration",
+    "description": "HCP's Version Control System (VCS) integration, particularly in Terraform Cloud, enables seamless connection between infrastructure code repositories and HCP services. This feature allows teams to directly link their Git repositories (from providers like GitHub, GitLab, or Bitbucket) to HCP workspaces. When configured, changes pushed to the linked repository automatically trigger Terraform runs in the corresponding workspace. This integration supports GitOps workflows, ensuring that infrastructure changes go through proper version control processes. It enables features like automatic plan generation on pull requests, providing early feedback on proposed changes. The integration also supports branch-based workflows, allowing different branches to be linked to different workspaces for staging and production environments.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Connecting VCS Providers to HCP Terraform",
+        "url": "https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/cloud-docs/vcs",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Use VCS-driven workflow",
+        "url": "https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/tutorials/cloud-get-started/cloud-vcs-change",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Configuring Workspace VCS Connections",
+        "url": "https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/cloud-docs/workspaces/settings/vcs",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "nU1WoRtxRF9KeNhzuwNUB": {
+    "title": "Run Tasks",
+    "description": "HCP Run Tasks, a feature of Terraform Cloud, allow for the integration of external services or custom logic into the Terraform workflow. These tasks can be configured to run before or after Terraform plans and applies, enabling additional validation, notification, or data processing steps. Run Tasks can be used for various purposes such as security scanning, cost estimation, custom policy checks, or triggering external workflows. They are executed via webhooks, allowing integration with a wide range of third-party services or internal tools. This feature enhances the flexibility and extensibility of the Terraform workflow, enabling organizations to implement custom processes and integrations tailored to their specific needs.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Run Tasks",
+        "url": "https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/cloud-docs/workspaces/settings/run-tasks",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Terrafrom Registry - Run Tasks",
+        "url": "https://registry.terraform.io/browse/run-tasks",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Run Tasks API",
+        "url": "https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/cloud-docs/api-docs/run-tasks/run-tasks",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "6zFuSNOfbPaYIE_t--2nr": {
+    "title": "Version Management",
+    "description": "Version management in Terraform is crucial for maintaining consistency across different environments and team members. Tools like `tfenv` allow developers to easily switch between different versions of Terraform. `tfenv` is a version manager that installs and manages multiple Terraform versions on a single system. It enables teams to specify and use specific Terraform versions for different projects, ensuring compatibility and reproducibility. This tool, along with others like `tfswitch`, helps manage potential conflicts arising from version differences, facilitates easier upgrades, and supports working on multiple projects with varying Terraform version requirements.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "tfenv",
+        "url": "https://github.com/tfutils/tfenv",
+        "type": "opensource"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How to Use tfenv to Manage Multiple Terraform Versions",
+        "url": "https://spacelift.io/blog/tfenv",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Quick Tech: tfenv",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Smk5PrRPQsU",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/public/roadmap-content/typescript.json b/public/roadmap-content/typescript.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..af6ec151d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/public/roadmap-content/typescript.json
@@ -0,0 +1,1138 @@
+{
+  "KDd40JOAvZ8O1mfhTYB3K": {
+    "title": "Introduction to TypeScript",
+    "description": "TypeScript is a statically-typed programming language that is a superset of JavaScript. It was developed and is maintained by Microsoft. TypeScript was created to address the challenges of building large-scale JavaScript applications and adds optional type annotations, classes, interfaces, and other features to the language.\n\nThe main benefits of using TypeScript include:\n\n*   Type Safety\n*   Improved Tooling\n*   Improved Maintainability\n*   Backwards Compatibility\n\nLearn more from the following links:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Overview of TypeScript",
+        "url": "https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/typescript-from-scratch.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "TypeScript Handbook",
+        "url": "https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/typescript-from-scratch.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What Is TypeScript?",
+        "url": "https://thenewstack.io/what-is-typescript/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about TypeScript",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/typescript?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Video: Where TypeScript Excels",
+        "url": "https://youtu.be/BUo7B6UuoJ4",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "MQWzN_kXxVJMOYbRXSGJc": {
+    "title": "TypeScript vs JavaScript",
+    "description": "TypeScript is a superset of JavaScript that adds optional type annotations and other features such as interfaces, classes, and namespaces. JavaScript is a dynamically-typed language that is primarily used for client-side web development and can also be used for server-side development.\n\nHere are a few key differences between TypeScript and JavaScript:\n\n*   **Types**: TypeScript has optional type annotations while JavaScript is dynamically-typed. This means that in TypeScript, you can specify the data type of variables, parameters, and return values, which can help catch type-related errors at compile-time.\n*   **Syntax**: TypeScript extends JavaScript syntax with features like interfaces, classes, and namespaces. This provides a more robust and organized structure for large-scale projects.\n*   **Tooling**: TypeScript has better tooling support, such as better editor integration, type checking, and code refactoring.\n*   **Backwards Compatibility**: TypeScript is fully compatible with existing JavaScript code, which means you can use TypeScript in any JavaScript environment.\n\nLearn more from the following links:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Learning JavaScript and TypeScript",
+        "url": "https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/typescript-from-scratch.html#learning-javascript-and-typescript",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "TypeScript vs. JavaScript",
+        "url": "https://thenewstack.io/typescript-vs-javascript/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about JavaScript",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/javascript?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "dcLaEU_lb0z_QypL1ZhpX": {
+    "title": "TS and JS Interoperability",
+    "description": "TypeScript and JavaScript have full interoperability, meaning you can use TypeScript code in JavaScript projects and vice versa. TypeScript is a superset of JavaScript, which means that any valid JavaScript code is also valid TypeScript code.\n\nYou can use JavaScript libraries in TypeScript projects by either including the JavaScript files directly or using type definitions for the library. Type definitions provide type information for JavaScript libraries, making it easier to use them in TypeScript.\n\nOn the other hand, you can use TypeScript code in JavaScript projects by simply compiling the TypeScript code into JavaScript. The generated JavaScript code can be used in any JavaScript environment, and it will work the same way as regular JavaScript code.\n\nTypeScript's compiler also supports type checking for plain JavaScript code by adding the `// @ts-check` comment at the top of a file. This allows the compiler to validate types by inspecting the JSDoc comments:\n\n    // @ts-check\n    \n    /**\n     * Adds two numbers together.\n     * @param {number} a - The first number.\n     * @param {number} b - The second number.\n     * @returns {number} The sum of the two numbers.\n     */\n    function add(a, b) {\n      return a + b;\n    }\n    \n\nLearn more from the following links:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Type Checking JavaScript Files",
+        "url": "https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/type-checking-javascript-files.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Using JavaScript in TypeScript",
+        "url": "https://youtu.be/AZhZlEbBaB4",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "dA8CNQOgJRDa0T7rmyS7f": {
+    "title": "Installation and Configuration",
+    "description": "To install and configure TypeScript in your project, you need to perform the following steps:\n\n*   Initialize npm in your project directory by running the following command:\n\n    npm init\n    \n\n*   Install TypeScript as a project dependency by running the following command:\n\n    npm install --save-dev typescript\n    \n\n*   Create a `tsconfig.json` file in your project directory to specify the compiler options for building your project. For example:\n\n    {\n      \"compilerOptions\": {\n        \"target\": \"es5\",\n        \"module\": \"commonjs\",\n        \"strict\": true,\n        \"outDir\": \"./dist\",\n        \"rootDir\": \"./src\"\n      },\n      \"exclude\": [\"node_modules\"]\n    }\n    \n\n*   Compile your TypeScript code using the following command:\n\n    npx tsc\n    \n\nNote: You can also compile individual TypeScript files by specifying the file path after the tsc command. For example:\n\n    npx tsc ./src/index.ts\n    \n\nAnd you're all set! You can now start writing TypeScript code in your project.\n\nLearn more from the following links:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Install and Configure TypeScript",
+        "url": "https://www.typescriptlang.org/download",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "TypeScript Getting Started",
+        "url": "https://thenewstack.io/typescript-tutorial-a-guide-to-using-the-programming-language/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "DmqrX56d9KnBcOSwlJR2q": {
+    "title": "tsconfig.json",
+    "description": "tsconfig.json is a configuration file in TypeScript that specifies the compiler options for building your project. It helps the TypeScript compiler understand the structure of your project and how it should be compiled to JavaScript. Some common options include:\n\n*   `target`: the version of JavaScript to compile to.\n*   `module`: the module system to use.\n*   `strict`: enables/disables strict type checking.\n*   `outDir`: the directory to output the compiled JavaScript files.\n*   `rootDir`: the root directory of the TypeScript files.\n*   `include`: an array of file/directory patterns to include in the compilation.\n*   `exclude`: an array of file/directory patterns to exclude from the compilation.\n\nGiven below is the sample `tsconfig.json` file:\n\n    {\n      \"compilerOptions\": {\n        \"target\": \"es5\",\n        \"module\": \"commonjs\",\n        \"strict\": true,\n        \"outDir\": \"./dist\",\n        \"rootDir\": \"./src\",\n      },\n      \"exclude\": [\"node_modules\"],\n      \"include\": [\"src\"]\n    }\n    \n\nLearn more from the following links:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is a tsconfig.json",
+        "url": "https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/tsconfig-json.html#handbook-content",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "RrExVb7l2gd0s_TlNdLeD": {
+    "title": "Compiler Options",
+    "description": "TypeScript compiler accepts a number of command line options that allow you to customize the compilation process. These options can be passed to the compiler using the `--` prefix, for example:\n\n    tsc --target ES5 --module commonjs\n    \n\nLearn more from the following links:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Compiler Options",
+        "url": "https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/compiler-options.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "qdy4ZIY2EKgmPNdu_ndcg": {
+    "title": "Running TypeScript",
+    "description": "To run TypeScript code, you'll need to have a TypeScript compiler installed. Here's a general process to run TypeScript code:\n\n*   Write TypeScript code in a `.ts` file (e.g. `app.ts`)\n*   Compile the TypeScript code into JavaScript using the TypeScript compiler:\n\n    tsc app.ts\n    \n\n*   Run the generated JavaScript code using a JavaScript runtime environment such as Node.js:\n\n    node app.js\n    \n\nLearn more from the following link:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Running your TypeScript",
+        "url": "https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/typescript-tooling-in-5-minutes.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about TypeScript",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/typescript?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "Iv_t13PSVzet5VPKFtAp1": {
+    "title": "tsc",
+    "description": "`tsc` is the command line tool for the TypeScript compiler. It compiles TypeScript code into JavaScript code, making it compatible with the browser or any JavaScript runtime environment.\n\nYou can use the `tsc` command to compile your TypeScript code by running the following command in your terminal or command prompt:\n\n    tsc\n    \n\nThis command will compile all TypeScript files in your project that are specified in your `tsconfig.json` file. If you want to compile a specific TypeScript file, you can specify the file name after the `tsc` command, like this:\n\n    tsc index.ts\n    \n\nThe `tsc` command has several options and flags that you can use to customize the compilation process. For example, you can use the `--target` option to specify the version of JavaScript to compile to, or the `--outDir` option to specify the output directory for the compiled JavaScript files.\n\nYou can run `tsc --help` to see a list of all the available options and flags.\n\nLearn more from the following links:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "tsc CLI Options",
+        "url": "https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/compiler-options.html#using-the-cli",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about TypeScript",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/typescript?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "ZCM2_X4BiKh5FTCizrr-E": {
+    "title": "ts-node",
+    "description": "ts-node is a TypeScript execution and REPL for node.js, with source map and native ESM support. Learn more from the following links:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "ts-node - GitHub Project",
+        "url": "https://github.com/TypeStrong/ts-node",
+        "type": "opensource"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How To Run TypeScript Scripts with ts-node",
+        "url": "https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/typescript-running-typescript-ts-node",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about TypeScript",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/typescript?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "_bZ71i36haWgHQTY0yMOx": {
+    "title": "TS Playground",
+    "description": "The TypeScript Playground is a great tool to learn TypeScript. It allows you to write TypeScript code and see the JavaScript output. It also allows you to share your code with others.\n\nLearn more from the following links:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "TypeScript - Playground",
+        "url": "https://www.typescriptlang.org/play",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about TypeScript",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/typescript?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "qcrGApxNzkGYxgcd7o45d": {
+    "title": "TypeScript Types",
+    "description": "TypeScript has several built-in types, including:\n\n*   number\n*   string\n*   boolean\n*   any\n*   void\n*   null and undefined\n*   never\n*   object\n*   symbol\n*   Enumerated types (enum)\n*   Tuple types\n*   Array types\n*   Union types\n*   Intersection types\n*   Type aliases\n*   Type assertions\n\nYou can also create custom types in TypeScript using interfaces, classes, and type aliases.\n\nLearn more from the following links:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "TypeScript - Everyday Types",
+        "url": "https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/2/everyday-types.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about TypeScript",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/typescript?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "hfIHxa5i_5rEpjtzqEsic": {
+    "title": "boolean",
+    "description": "`boolean` is a primitive data type in TypeScript that represents a boolean value i.e. either true or false. Given below is an example of a boolean variable declaration:\n\n    let isTrue: boolean = true;\n    let isFalse: boolean = false;\n    \n\nLearn more from the following links:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Number, String, Boolean, Symbol and Object",
+        "url": "https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/2/everyday-types.html#the-primitives-string-number-and-boolean",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "UH9d3cvGy_e67WFNFwCyf": {
+    "title": "number",
+    "description": "It is a primitive data type in TypeScript that represents numeric values. It includes both integer and floating-point values.\n\n    let intValue: number = 42;\n    let floatValue: number = 3.14;\n    \n\nLearn more from the following links:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Number, String, Boolean, Symbol and Object",
+        "url": "https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/2/everyday-types.html#the-primitives-string-number-and-boolean",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "d8iV-IBZ6cSnH8Z5_HRmc": {
+    "title": "string",
+    "description": "It is a primitive data type in TypeScript that represents textual data. It is a set of elements of the 16-bit Unicode character set.\n\n    let name: string = 'John Doe';\n    \n\nLearn more from the following link",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Number, String, Boolean, Symbol and Object",
+        "url": "https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/2/everyday-types.html#the-primitives-string-number-and-boolean",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "yLlQg7BF--ZwRHbXBWfOi": {
+    "title": "void",
+    "description": "`void` represents the return value of functions which don’t return a value. It’s the inferred type any time a function doesn’t have any `return` statements, or doesn’t return any explicit value from those return statements:\n\n    // The inferred return type is void\n    function noop() {\n      return;\n    }\n    \n\nIn JavaScript, a function that doesn’t return any value will implicitly return the value `undefined`. However, `void` and `undefined` are not the same thing in TypeScript. There are further details at the end of this chapter.\n\nLearn more from the following links:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "void - TypeScript Docs",
+        "url": "https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/2/functions.html#void",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "Sa6IZtM4XJstultz-pbh0": {
+    "title": "undefined",
+    "description": "JavaScript has two primitive values used to signal absent or uninitialized value: `null` (absent) and `undefined` (uninitialized).\n\nTypeScript has two corresponding _types_ by the same names. How these types behave depends on whether you have the `strictNullChecks` option on.\n\nWith `strictNullChecks` off, values that might be `null` or `undefined` can still be accessed normally, and the values `null` and `undefined` can be assigned to a property of any type. This is similar to how languages without `null` checks (e.g. C#, Java) behave. The lack of checking for these values tends to be a major source of bugs; TypeScript always recommend people turn `strictNullChecks` on if it’s practical to do so in the codebase.\n\nWith `strictNullChecks` on, when a value is `null` or `undefined`, you will need to test for those values before using methods or properties on that value. Just like checking for `undefined` before using an optional property, we can use narrowing to check for values that might be `null`:\n\n    function doSomething(x: string | null) {\n      if (x === null) {\n        // do nothing\n      } else {\n        console.log('Hello, ' + x.toUpperCase());\n      }\n    }\n    \n\nLearn more from the following links:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "null and undefined",
+        "url": "https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/2/everyday-types.html#null-and-undefined",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "cjAwawhZLo1qVQ93XIdm2": {
+    "title": "null",
+    "description": "JavaScript has two primitive values used to signal absent or uninitialized value: `null` (absent) and `undefined` (unintialized).\n\nTypeScript has two corresponding _types_ by the same names. How these types behave depends on whether you have the `strictNullChecks` option on.\n\nWith `strictNullChecks` off, values that might be `null` or `undefined` can still be accessed normally, and the values `null` and `undefined` can be assigned to a property of any type. This is similar to how languages without `null` checks (e.g. C#, Java) behave. The lack of checking for these values tends to be a major source of bugs; TypeScript always recommend people turn `strictNullChecks` on if it’s practical to do so in the codebase.\n\nWith `strictNullChecks` on, when a value is `null` or `undefined`, you will need to test for those values before using methods or properties on that value. Just like checking for `undefined` before using an optional property, we can use narrowing to check for values that might be `null`:\n\n    function doSomething(x: string | null) {\n      if (x === null) {\n        // do nothing\n      } else {\n        console.log('Hello, ' + x.toUpperCase());\n      }\n    }\n    \n\nLearn more from the following links:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "null and undefined",
+        "url": "https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/2/everyday-types.html#null-and-undefined",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "mVKsM7R4Ivpdhnbwt1aRb": {
+    "title": "Interface",
+    "description": "TypeScript allows you to specifically type an object using an interface that can be reused by multiple objects.\n\n    interface Person {\n      name: string;\n      age: number;\n    }\n    \n    function greet(person: Person) {\n      return 'Hello ' + person.name;\n    }\n    \n\nLearn more from the following links:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Object Types - Interfaces",
+        "url": "https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/2/objects.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "tTSITP1W1ymS-njbFb8Ts": {
+    "title": "Class",
+    "description": "In TypeScript, a class is a blueprint for creating objects with specific properties and methods. Classes are a fundamental concept in object-oriented programming. Here is an example of a simple class in TypeScript:\n\n    class Car {\n      make: string;\n      model: string;\n      year: number;\n    \n      constructor(make: string, model: string, year: number) {\n        this.make = make;\n        this.model = model;\n        this.year = year;\n      }\n    \n      drive() {\n        console.log(`Driving my ${this.year} ${this.make} ${this.model}`);\n      }\n    }\n    \n\nLearn more from the following links:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "TypeScript Classes",
+        "url": "https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/2/classes.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "bfZIXHceDKDGQl-24kQpT": {
+    "title": "Enum",
+    "description": "Enums is not a type-level extension of JavaScript. It allows a developer to define a set of named constants. Using enums can make it easier to document intent, or create a set of distinct cases. TypeScript provides both numeric and string-based enums.\n\nHere is an example of a numeric enum in TypeScript:\n\n    enum Direction {\n      Up = 1,\n      Down,\n      Left,\n      Right,\n    }\n    \n\nAbove, we have a numeric enum where `Up` is initialized with `1`. All of the following members are auto-incremented from that point on. In other words, `Direction.Up` has the value `1`, `Down` has `2`, `Left` has `3`, and `Right` has `4`.\n\nIf we left off the initializer for `Up`, it would have the value `0` and the rest of the members would be auto-incremented from there.\n\nLearn more from the following links:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "TypeScript - Enums",
+        "url": "https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/enums.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "YbDuIo1BbZKEAZwmXlCdZ": {
+    "title": "Array",
+    "description": "To specify the type of an array like `[1, 2, 3]`, you can use the syntax `number[]`; this syntax works for any type (e.g. `string[]` is an array of strings, and so on). You may also see this written as `Array<number>`, which means the same thing.\n\n    const numbers: number[] = [1, 2, 3];\n    \n\nLearn more from the following links:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Arrays",
+        "url": "https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/2/everyday-types.html#arrays",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "jq-GD0DLyzrEXQKUmt5kv": {
+    "title": "Tuple",
+    "description": "A tuple type is another sort of Array type that knows exactly how many elements it contains, and exactly which types it contains at specific positions.\n\n    type StringNumberPair = [string, number];\n    \n    const pair: StringNumberPair = ['hello', 42];\n    \n    const first = pair[0];\n    const second = pair[1];\n    \n    // Error: Index out of bounds\n    const third = pair[2];\n    \n\nLearn more from the following links:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Tuple Types",
+        "url": "https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/2/objects.html#tuple-types",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "vnqvm_WiaKqpdxrW4wRGa": {
+    "title": "Object",
+    "description": "To define an `object` type, we simply list its properties and their types.\n\nFor example, here’s a function that takes a point-like object:\n\n    // The parameter's type annotation is an object type\n    function printCoord(pt: { x: number; y: number }) {\n      console.log(\"The coordinate's x value is \" + pt.x);\n      console.log(\"The coordinate's y value is \" + pt.y);\n    }\n    \n    printCoord({ x: 3, y: 7 });\n    \n\nLearn more from the following links:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Object Types in TypeScript",
+        "url": "https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/2/everyday-types.html#object-types",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "O2TYbd9i_OQwQk2dKh-ly": {
+    "title": "unknown",
+    "description": "`unknown` is the type-safe counterpart of any. Anything is assignable to `unknown`, but `unknown` isn’t assignable to anything but itself and `any` without a type assertion or a control flow based narrowing. Likewise, no operations are permitted on an `unknown` without first asserting or narrowing to a more specific type.\n\n    function f1(a: any) {\n      a.b(); // OK\n    }\n    \n    function f2(a: unknown) {\n      // Error: Property 'b' does not exist on type 'unknown'.\n      a.b();\n    }\n    \n\nLearn more from the following links:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Unknown Type in TypeScript",
+        "url": "https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/release-notes/typescript-3-0.html#new-unknown-top-type",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "yXiLegSlL7SveU8rBGj8U": {
+    "title": "any",
+    "description": "TypeScript has a special type, `any`, that you can use whenever you don’t want a particular value to cause typechecking errors.\n\nWhen a value is of type `any`, you can access any properties of it (which will in turn be of type `any`), call it like a function, assign it to (or from) a value of any type, or pretty much anything else that’s syntactically legal:\n\n    let obj: any = { x: 0 };\n    // None of the following lines of code will throw compiler errors.\n    // Using `any` disables all further type checking, and it is assumed\n    // you know the environment better than TypeScript.\n    obj.foo();\n    obj();\n    obj.bar = 100;\n    obj = 'hello';\n    const n: number = obj;\n    \n\nLearn more from the following links:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "any type in TypeScript",
+        "url": "https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/2/everyday-types.html#any",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "0pi9VTbngcAIswuu5LIYg": {
+    "title": "never",
+    "description": "The `never` type represents the type of values that never occur. For instance, `never` is the return type for a function expression or an arrow function expression that always throws an exception or one that never returns. Variables also acquire the type never when narrowed by any type guards that can never be `true`.\n\nThe never type is a subtype of, and assignable to, every type; however, no type is a subtype of, or assignable to, `never` (except `never` itself). Even any isn’t assignable to `never`.\n\nExamples of functions returning never:\n\n    // Function returning never must not have a reachable end point\n    function error(message: string): never {\n      throw new Error(message);\n    }\n    \n    // Inferred return type is never\n    function fail() {\n      return error('Something failed');\n    }\n    \n    // Function returning never must not have a reachable end point\n    function infiniteLoop(): never {\n      while (true) {}\n    }\n    \n\nLearn more from the following links:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Never",
+        "url": "https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/2/narrowing.html#the-never-type",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "pGFnTqi0-RSj0YRmNA5iy": {
+    "title": "as const",
+    "description": "`as const` is a type assertion in TypeScript that allows you to assert that an expression has a specific type, and that its value should be treated as a read-only value.\n\nFor example:\n\n    const colors = ['red', 'green', 'blue'] as const;\n    \n    // colors is now of type readonly ['red', 'green', 'blue']\n    \n\nUsing as const allows TypeScript to infer more accurate types for constants, which can lead to improved type checking and better type inference in your code.\n\nLearn more from the following links:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "const assertions",
+        "url": "https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/release-notes/typescript-3-4.html#const-assertions",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "Ba0baUbomrW9td_K8U-5L": {
+    "title": "as [type]",
+    "description": "In TypeScript, the as keyword is used for type assertions, allowing you to explicitly inform the compiler about the type of a value when it cannot be inferred automatically. Type assertions are a way to override the default static type-checking behavior and tell the compiler that you know more about the type of a particular expression than it does.\n\nHere's a simple example:\n\n    let someValue: any = \"Hello, TypeScript!\";\n    let strLength: number = (someValue as string).length;\n    \n    console.log(strLength); // Outputs: 18\n    \n\nIn this example, someValue is initially of type any, and we use the as operator to assert that it is of type string before accessing its length property.\n\nIt's important to note that type assertions do not change the runtime type of a value, and do not cause any type of conversion. They are a compile-time construct used for static type checking in TypeScript.",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Type assertions",
+        "url": "https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/2/everyday-types.html#type-assertions",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "afTNr36VqeXoJpHxm2IoS": {
+    "title": "as any",
+    "description": "`any` is a special type in TypeScript that represents a value of any type. When a value is declared with the any type, the compiler will not perform any type checks or type inference on that value.\n\nFor example:\n\n    let anyValue: any = 42;\n    \n    // we can assign any value to anyValue, regardless of its type\n    anyValue = 'Hello, world!';\n    anyValue = true;",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "mjaL5ocLnM8VQlhUxW6KU": {
+    "title": "Non-null Assertion",
+    "description": "The non-null assertion operator (!) is a type assertion in TypeScript that allows you to tell the compiler that a value will never be null or undefined.\n\n    let name: string | null = null;\n    \n    // we use the non-null assertion operator to tell the compiler that name will never be null\n    let nameLength = name!.length;\n    \n\nThe non-null assertion operator is used to assert that a value is not null or undefined, and to tell the compiler to treat the value as non-nullable. However, it's important to be careful when using the non-null assertion operator, as it can lead to runtime errors if the value is actually `null` or `undefined`.\n\nLearn more from the following links:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Non-null assertion operator",
+        "url": "https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/release-notes/typescript-2-0.html#non-null-assertion-operator",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "HD1UGOidp7JGKdW6CEdQ_": {
+    "title": "satisfies keyword",
+    "description": "TypeScript developers are often faced with a dilemma: we want to ensure that some expression matches some type, but also want to keep the most specific type of that expression for inference purposes.\n\nFor example:\n\n    // Each property can be a string or an RGB tuple.\n    const palette = {\n      red: [255, 0, 0],\n      green: '#00ff00',\n      bleu: [0, 0, 255],\n      //  ^^^^ sacrebleu - we've made a typo!\n    };\n    \n    // We want to be able to use array methods on 'red'...\n    const redComponent = palette.red.at(0);\n    \n    // or string methods on 'green'...\n    const greenNormalized = palette.green.toUpperCase();\n    \n\nNotice that we’ve written `bleu`, whereas we probably should have written `blue`. We could try to catch that `bleu` typo by using a type annotation on palette, but we’d lose the information about each property.\n\n    type Colors = 'red' | 'green' | 'blue';\n    type RGB = [red: number, green: number, blue: number];\n    \n    const palette: Record<Colors, string | RGB> = {\n      red: [255, 0, 0],\n      green: '#00ff00',\n      bleu: [0, 0, 255],\n      //  ~~~~ The typo is now correctly detected\n    };\n    // But we now have an undesirable error here - 'palette.red' \"could\" be a string.\n    const redComponent = palette.red.at(0);\n    \n\nThe `satisfies` operator lets us validate that the type of an expression matches some type, without changing the resulting type of that expression. As an example, we could use `satisfies` to validate that all the properties of palette are compatible with `string | number[]`:\n\n    type Colors = 'red' | 'green' | 'blue';\n    type RGB = [red: number, green: number, blue: number];\n    \n    const palette = {\n      red: [255, 0, 0],\n      green: '#00ff00',\n      bleu: [0, 0, 255],\n      //  ~~~~ The typo is now caught!\n    } satisfies Record<Colors, string | RGB>;\n    \n    // Both of these methods are still accessible!\n    const redComponent = palette.red.at(0);\n    const greenNormalized = palette.green.toUpperCase();\n    \n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Satisfies Keyword",
+        "url": "https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/release-notes/typescript-4-9.html#the-satisfies-operator",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "KUur-gfOBQodTS-irFet7": {
+    "title": "Type Inference",
+    "description": "Type inference in TypeScript refers to the process of automatically determining the type of a variable based on the value assigned to it. This allows you to write code that is more concise and easier to understand, as the TypeScript compiler can deduce the types of variables without you having to explicitly specify them.\n\nHere's an example of type inference in TypeScript:\n\n    let name = 'John Doe';\n    \n\nIn this example, the TypeScript compiler automatically infers that the type of the name variable is string. This means that you can use the name variable just like any other string in your code, and the TypeScript compiler will ensure that you don't perform any invalid operations on it.\n\nLearn more from the following links:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Type Inference",
+        "url": "https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/type-inference.html#handbook-content",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "alMJCEyUZ90xz-2_g3YRj": {
+    "title": "Type Compatibility",
+    "description": "TypeScript uses structural typing to determine type compatibility. This means that two types are considered compatible if they have the same structure, regardless of their names.\n\nHere's an example of type compatibility in TypeScript:\n\n    interface Point {\n      x: number;\n      y: number;\n    }\n    \n    let p1: Point = { x: 10, y: 20 };\n    let p2: { x: number; y: number } = p1;\n    \n    console.log(p2.x); // Output: 10\n    \n\nIn this example, `p1` has the type `Point`, while `p2` has the type `{ x: number; y: number }`. Despite the fact that the two types have different names, they are considered compatible because they have the same structure. This means that you can assign a value of type `Point` to a variable of type `{ x: number; y: number }`, as we do with `p1` and `p2` in this example.\n\nLearn more from the following links:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Type Compatibility",
+        "url": "https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/type-compatibility.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "qefnsugcveizVq2TORRgn": {
+    "title": "Combining Types",
+    "description": "In TypeScript, you can combine types using type union and type intersection.\n\n### Type Union:\n\nThe union operator `|` is used to combine two or more types into a single type that represents all the possible types. For example:\n\n    type stringOrNumber = string | number;\n    let value: stringOrNumber = 'hello';\n    \n    value = 42;\n    \n\n### Type Intersection:\n\nThe intersection operator `&` is used to intersect two or more types into a single type that represents the properties of all the types. For example:\n\n    interface A {\n      a: string;\n    }\n    \n    interface B {\n      b: number;\n    }\n    \n    type AB = A & B;\n    let value: AB = { a: 'hello', b: 42 };\n    \n\nLearn more from the following links:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Union Types in TypeScript",
+        "url": "https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/2/everyday-types.html#union-types",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Intersection Types in TypeScript",
+        "url": "https://www.typescripttutorial.net/typescript-tutorial/typescript-intersection-types/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Type Aliases",
+        "url": "https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/2/everyday-types.html#type-aliases",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Keyof Type Operator",
+        "url": "https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/2/keyof-types.html#handbook-content",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "5z5w3yv1HbOpMlzEd4Iot": {
+    "title": "Union Types",
+    "description": "Union Types in TypeScript allow you to specify multiple possible types for a single variable or parameter. A union type is written as a vertical bar `|` separated list of types.\n\nFor example, consider a function that takes either a string or a number as an argument:\n\n    function combine(input1: string | number, input2: string | number) {\n      return input1 + input2;\n    }\n    \n\nLearn more from the following links:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Union Types in TypeScript",
+        "url": "https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/2/everyday-types.html#union-types",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "RWYXEZMODUrqwRWf_Lqi9": {
+    "title": "Intersection Types",
+    "description": "An intersection type creates a new type by combining multiple existing types. The new type has all features of the existing types.\n\nTo combine types, you use the `&` operator as follows:\n\n    type typeAB = typeA & typeB;\n    \n\nThe `typeAB` will have all properties from both typeA and typeB.\n\nNote that the union type uses the `|` operator that defines a variable which can hold a value of either `typeA` or `typeB`\n\nLearn more from the following links:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Intersection Types in TypeScript",
+        "url": "https://www.typescripttutorial.net/typescript-tutorial/typescript-intersection-types/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "M_3O21zjppgWptIT5dtu8": {
+    "title": "Type Aliases",
+    "description": "A Type Alias in TypeScript allows you to create a new name for a type.\n\nHere's an example:\n\n    type Name = string;\n    type Age = number;\n    type User = { name: Name; age: Age };\n    \n    const user: User = { name: 'John', age: 30 };\n    \n\nIn the example above, `Name` and `Age` are type aliases for `string` and `number` respectively. And `User` is a type alias for an object with properties `name` of type `Name` and `age` of type `Age`.\n\nLearn more from the following links:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Type Aliases",
+        "url": "https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/2/everyday-types.html#type-aliases",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "t1Tcesfq7bV2TkHcfD6lU": {
+    "title": "keyof Operator",
+    "description": "The `keyof` operator in TypeScript is used to get the union of keys from an object type. Here's an example of how it can be used:\n\n    interface User {\n      name: string;\n      age: number;\n      location: string;\n    }\n    \n    type UserKeys = keyof User; // \"name\" | \"age\" | \"location\"\n    const key: UserKeys = 'name';\n    \n\nIn this example, `UserKeys` is a type that represents the union of keys from the `User` interface, which is `\"name\"` | `\"age\"` | `\"location\"`. And a constant named `key` with the type `UserKeys` is declared with the value `\"name\"`.\n\nLearn more from the following links:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Keyof Type Operator",
+        "url": "https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/2/keyof-types.html#handbook-content",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "cFZsxpYHDxm7IWwergb3r": {
+    "title": "Type Guards / Narrowing",
+    "description": "Type guards are a way to narrow down the type of a variable. This is useful when you want to do something different depending on the type of a variable.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Type Guards - TypeScript Docs",
+        "url": "https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/2/narrowing.html#typeof-type-guards",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "EDOU5a7UK17yp3PdFBJMc": {
+    "title": "instanceof",
+    "description": "The `instanceof` operator is a way to narrow down the type of a variable. It is used to check if an object is an instance of a class.\n\n    class Bird {\n      fly() {\n        console.log('flying...');\n      }\n      layEggs() {\n        console.log('laying eggs...');\n      }\n    }\n    \n    const pet = new Bird();\n    \n    // instanceof\n    if (pet instanceof Bird) {\n      pet.fly();\n    } else {\n      console.log('pet is not a bird');\n    }\n    \n\nLearn more from the following links:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "instanceOf Operator",
+        "url": "https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/2/narrowing.html#instanceof-narrowing",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "ZiOcFZy85p7tLzUkyKDei": {
+    "title": "typeof",
+    "description": "The `typeof` operator is used to check the type of a variable. It returns a string value representing the type of the variable.\n\n    let value: string | number = 'hello';\n    \n    if (typeof value === 'string') {\n      console.log('value is a string');\n    } else {\n      console.log('value is a number');\n    }\n    \n\nLearn more from the following links:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Type Guards and Differentiating Types",
+        "url": "https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/2/narrowing.html#typeof-type-guards",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "Wy2yIK5vgLjEcc9VjuQK5": {
+    "title": "Equality",
+    "description": "TypeScript also uses switch statements and equality checks like `===`, `!==`, `==`, and `!=` to narrow types. For example:\n\n    function example(x: string | number, y: string | boolean) {\n      if (x === y) {\n        // We can now call any 'string' method on 'x' or 'y'.\n        x.toUpperCase();\n        y.toLowerCase();\n      } else {\n        console.log(x);\n        console.log(y);\n      }\n    }\n    \n\nWhen we checked that `x` and `y` are both equal in the above example, TypeScript knew their types also had to be equal. Since string is the only common type that both `x` and `y` could take on, TypeScript knows that `x` and `y` must be a string in the first branch.\n\nLearn more from the following links:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Equality Narrowing",
+        "url": "https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/2/narrowing.html#equality-narrowing",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "Xonbxc7MvMEonKBvbkCAH": {
+    "title": "Truthiness",
+    "description": "Truthiness might not be a word you’ll find in the dictionary, but it’s very much something you’ll hear about in JavaScript.\n\nIn JavaScript, we can use any expression in conditionals, `&&`s, `||`s, `if` statements, Boolean negations (`!`), and more. As an example, if statements don’t expect their condition to always have the type boolean.\n\n    function getUsersOnlineMessage(numUsersOnline: number) {\n      if (numUsersOnline) {\n        return `There are ${numUsersOnline} online now!`;\n      }\n    \n      return \"Nobody's here. :(\";\n    }\n    \n\nLearn more from the following links:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Truthiness Narrowing",
+        "url": "https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/2/narrowing.html#truthiness-narrowing",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "1DOSAieOmWUNNsQQrqf2m": {
+    "title": "Type Predicates",
+    "description": "Type predicates are functions that return a boolean value. They are used to narrow the type of a variable. Type predicates are used in type guards.\n\n    function isString(value: unknown): value is string {\n      return typeof value === 'string';\n    }\n    \n    function example(x: unknown) {\n      if (isString(x)) {\n        // We can now call any 'string' method on 'x'.\n        x.toUpperCase();\n      } else {\n        console.log(x);\n      }\n    }\n    \n\nLearn more from the following links:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Type Guards and Differentiating Types",
+        "url": "https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/2/narrowing.html#using-type-predicates",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "qOynVkDi1gFz0mxyJHjfJ": {
+    "title": "TypeScript Functions",
+    "description": "Functions are a core building block in TypeScript. Functions allow you to wrap a piece of code and reuse it multiple times. Functions in TypeScript can be either declared using function declaration syntax or function expression syntax.\n\n> Function Declaration Syntax:\n\n    function name(param1: type1, param2: type2, ...): returnType {\n      return value;\n    }\n    \n\n> Function Expression Syntax:\n\n    let name = function(param1: type1, param2: type2, ...): returnType {\n      return value;\n    };\n    \n\nLearn more from the following links:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Functions in TypeScript",
+        "url": "https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/2/functions.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "9FIhHwDNzyKpb42NmSv3K": {
+    "title": "Typing Functions",
+    "description": "In TypeScript, functions can be typed in a few different ways to indicate the input parameters and return type of the function.\n\nFunction declaration with types:\n\n    function add(a: number, b: number): number {\n      return a + b;\n    }\n    \n\nArrow function with types:\n\n    const multiply = (a: number, b: number): number => {\n      return a * b;\n    };\n    \n\nFunction type:\n\n    let divide: (a: number, b: number) => number;\n    \n    divide = (a, b) => {\n      return a / b;\n    };\n    \n\nLearn more from the following links:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "TypeScript Functions",
+        "url": "https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/2/functions.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "-0Zp6b8NjDyz9MAQE3HfS": {
+    "title": "Function Overloading",
+    "description": "Function Overloading in TypeScript allows multiple functions with the same name but with different parameters to be defined. The correct function to call is determined based on the number, type, and order of the arguments passed to the function at runtime.\n\n    function add(a: number, b: number): number;\n    function add(a: string, b: string): string;\n    \n    function add(a: any, b: any): any {\n      return a + b;\n    }\n    \n    console.log(add(1, 2)); // 3\n    console.log(add('Hello', ' World')); // \"Hello World\"\n    \n\nLearn more from the following links:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Function Overloads",
+        "url": "https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/2/functions.html#function-overloads",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "aH1DxiG5xrdNlKutJ_gTz": {
+    "title": "TypeScript Interfaces",
+    "description": "Interfaces in TypeScript provide a way to define a contract for a type, which includes a set of properties, methods, and events. It's used to enforce a structure for an object, class, or function argument. Interfaces are not transpiled to JavaScript and are only used by TypeScript at compile-time for type-checking purposes.\n\nHere's an example of defining and using an interface in TypeScript:\n\n    interface User {\n      name: string;\n      age: number;\n    }\n    \n    const user: User = {\n      name: 'John Doe',\n      age: 30,\n    };\n    \n\nIn this example, the `User` interface defines the structure of the `user` object with two properties, `name` and `age`. The object is then typed as User using a type-assertion: `User`.\n\nLearn more from the following links:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "TypeScript - Interfaces",
+        "url": "https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/2/objects.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "TxkEpoOiuUm-fXJuFVKcH": {
+    "title": "Types vs Interfaces",
+    "description": "In TypeScript, both types and interfaces can be used to define the structure of objects and enforce type checks. However, there are some differences between the two.\n\nTypes are used to create a new named type based on an existing type or to combine existing types into a new type. They can be created using the type keyword. For example:\n\n    type Person = {\n      name: string;\n      age: number;\n    };\n    \n    const person: Person = {\n      name: 'John Doe',\n      age: 30,\n    };\n    \n\nInterfaces, on the other hand, are used to describe the structure of objects and classes. They can be created using the interface keyword. For example:\n\n    interface Person {\n      name: string;\n      age: number;\n    }\n    \n    const person: Person = {\n      name: 'John Doe',\n      age: 30,\n    };\n    \n\nLearn more from the following links:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Interfaces vs. Type Aliases",
+        "url": "https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/2/everyday-types.html#differences-between-type-aliases-and-interfaces",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Interfaces vs Types in TypeScript",
+        "url": "https://stackoverflow.com/questions/37233735/interfaces-vs-types-in-typescript",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "O-9WQqidujLIEOTcOfy4n": {
+    "title": "Extending Interfaces",
+    "description": "In TypeScript, you can extend an interface by creating a new interface that inherits from the original interface using the \"extends\" keyword. The new interface can include additional properties, methods, or redefine the members of the original interface.\n\n    interface Shape {\n      width: number;\n      height: number;\n    }\n    \n    interface Square extends Shape {\n      sideLength: number;\n    }\n    \n    let square: Square = {\n      width: 10,\n      height: 10,\n      sideLength: 10,\n    };\n    \n\nIn this example, the `Square` interface extends the `Shape` interface and adds an additional property `sideLength`. A variable of type `Square` must have all the properties defined in both `Shape` and `Square` interfaces.\n\nLearn more from the following links:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Extending Interfaces",
+        "url": "https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/2/objects.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "fY40W8prpgiNqRL50w7ub": {
+    "title": "Interface Declaration",
+    "description": "An `interface` in TypeScript is a blueprint for creating objects with specific structure. An `interface` defines a set of properties, methods, and events that a class or object must implement. The interface is a contract between objects and classes and can be used to enforce a specific structure for objects in your code.\n\nHere is an example of an interface declaration in TypeScript:\n\n    interface Person {\n      firstName: string;\n      lastName: string;\n      age?: number;\n    \n      getFullName(): string;\n    }\n    \n\nIn this example, the Person interface defines four properties: `firstName`, `lastName`, `age`, and a method `getFullName()`. The age property is optional, indicated by the `?` symbol. Any class or object that implements the `Person` interface must have these properties and method.\n\nLearn more from the following links:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Extending Interfaces",
+        "url": "https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/2/objects.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "lvtTSHH9yBTCiLng8btnI": {
+    "title": "Hybrid Types",
+    "description": "In TypeScript, a hybrid type is a type that combines multiple types into a single type. The resulting type is considered a union of those types. This allows you to specify that a value can have multiple types, rather than just one.\n\nFor example, you can create a hybrid type that can accept either a string or a number:\n\n    type StringOrNumber = string | number;\n    \n\nYou can also use hybrid types to create more complex types that can represent a combination of several different types of values. For example:\n\n    type Education = {\n      degree: string;\n      school: string;\n      year: number;\n    };\n    \n    type User = {\n      name: string;\n      age: number;\n      email: string;\n      education: Education;\n    };",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "ib0jfZzukYOZ42AdJqt_W": {
+    "title": "Classes",
+    "description": "Classes in TypeScript are a blueprint for creating objects (instances of a class), providing a way to structure objects and encapsulate data and behavior. Classes in TypeScript have a similar syntax to classes in other object-oriented programming languages, such as Java and C#.\n\nA class in TypeScript is defined using the class keyword, followed by the name of the class. The class definition can include fields (also known as properties or attributes), methods (functions), and a constructor.\n\n    class Animal {\n      name: string;\n      constructor(name: string) {\n        this.name = name;\n      }\n    \n      makeSound(): void {\n        console.log(`${this.name} is making a sound`);\n      }\n    }\n    \n    const dog = new Animal('Dog');\n    dog.makeSound(); // Output: Dog is making a sound\n    \n\nIn this example, the `Animal` class has a name field, a constructor that sets the value of the `name` field, and a `makeSound` method. An instance of the `Animal` class can be created using the `new` keyword, and its methods and properties can be accessed using dot notation.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Tutorial - Classes",
+        "url": "https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/2/classes.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "3XrKbK5Od2eoM0BLaS4kU": {
+    "title": "Constructor Params",
+    "description": "In TypeScript, constructor parameters can be declared with access modifiers (e.g. `public`, `private`, `protected`) and/or type annotations. The parameters are then automatically assigned to properties of the same name within the constructor, and can be accessed within the class. For example:\n\n    class Example {\n      constructor(private name: string, public age: number) {}\n    }\n    \n\nIn this example, the constructor has two parameters: name and age. name has a private access modifier, so it can only be accessed within the Example class. age has a public access modifier, so it can be accessed from outside the class as well.\n\nLearn more from the following links:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "TypeScript - Construct",
+        "url": "https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/2/classes.html#constructors",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "oxzcYXxy2I7GI7nbvFYVa": {
+    "title": "Constructor Overloading",
+    "description": "In TypeScript, you can achieve constructor overloading by using multiple constructor definitions with different parameter lists in a single class. Given below is the example where we have multiple definitions for the constructor:\n\n    class Point {\n      // Overloads\n      constructor(x: number, y: string);\n      constructor(s: string);\n      constructor(xs: any, y?: any) {\n        // TBD\n      }\n    }\n    \n\nNote that, similar to function overloading, we only have one implementation of the consructor and it's the only the signature that is overloaded.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Constructors - TypeScript",
+        "url": "https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/2/classes.html#constructors",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "RJ7on8WoxrKcXrR3qY5Rs": {
+    "title": "Access Modifiers",
+    "description": "In TypeScript, access modifiers are keywords used to control the visibility and accessibility of class properties and methods. There are three access modifiers in TypeScript:\n\n*   `public:` This is the default access modifier. Properties and methods declared as public can be accessed from anywhere, both inside and outside the class.\n*   `private:` Properties and methods declared as private can only be accessed within the same class. They are not accessible from outside the class.\n*   `protected:` Properties and methods declared as protected can be accessed within the class and its subclasses. They are not accessible from outside the class and its subclasses.\n\nAccess modifiers in TypeScript allow you to define the level of visibility and accessibility of properties and methods in your class, making your code more maintainable and secure.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "TypeScript Access Modifiers",
+        "url": "https://www.typescripttutorial.net/typescript-tutorial/typescript-access-modifiers/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "tZFWeWHdOUJcCEtHfXH9p": {
+    "title": "Abstract Classes",
+    "description": "Abstract classes in TypeScript are classes that cannot be instantiated on their own and must be subclassed by other classes. Abstract classes provide a blueprint for other classes and can have abstract methods, which are methods without a body and must be overridden by the subclass. These classes are useful for defining a common interface or basic functionality that other classes can inherit and build upon.\n\n    abstract class Animal {\n      abstract makeSound(): void;\n    \n      move(): void {\n        console.log('moving...');\n      }\n    }\n    \n    class Dog extends Animal {\n      makeSound(): void {\n        console.log('bark');\n      }\n    }\n    \n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Abstract Classes",
+        "url": "https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/2/classes.html#abstract-classes-and-members",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "8P0-vb9nlnmz7iC4UvyJZ": {
+    "title": "Inheritance vs Polymorphism",
+    "description": "Inheritance and polymorphism are two fundamental concepts in object-oriented programming, and they are supported in TypeScript as well.\n\nInheritance refers to a mechanism where a subclass inherits properties and methods from its parent class. This allows a subclass to reuse the code and behavior of its parent class while also adding or modifying its own behavior. In TypeScript, inheritance is achieved using the extends keyword.\n\nPolymorphism refers to the ability of an object to take on many forms. This allows objects of different classes to be treated as objects of a common class, as long as they share a common interface or inheritance hierarchy. In TypeScript, polymorphism is achieved through method overriding and method overloading.\n\n    class Animal {\n      makeSound(): void {\n        console.log('Making animal sound');\n      }\n    }\n    \n    class Dog extends Animal {\n      makeSound(): void {\n        console.log('Bark');\n      }\n    }\n    \n    class Cat extends Animal {\n      makeSound(): void {\n        console.log('Meow');\n      }\n    }\n    \n    let animal: Animal;\n    \n    animal = new Dog();\n    animal.makeSound(); // Output: Bark\n    \n    animal = new Cat();\n    animal.makeSound(); // Output: Meow\n    \n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Inheritance and Polymorphism In TypeScript",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sn6K57YSuwU",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "aknqutxN2WDQ4RFcT-szM": {
+    "title": "Method Overriding",
+    "description": "In TypeScript, method overriding is a mechanism where a subclass provides a new implementation for a method that is already defined in its parent class. This allows the subclass to inherit the behavior of the parent class, but change its behavior to fit its own needs.\n\nTo override a method in TypeScript the signature of the method in the subclass must match exactly with the signature of the method in the parent class.\n\n    class Animal {\n      makeSound(): void {\n        console.log('Making animal sound');\n      }\n    }\n    \n    class Dog extends Animal {\n      makeSound(): void {\n        console.log('Bark');\n      }\n    }\n    \n    let animal: Animal;\n    \n    animal = new Dog();\n    animal.makeSound(); // Output: Bark\n    \n\nIn this example, the `Dog` class overrides the makeSound method defined in the Animal class and provides its own implementation. When the `makeSound` method is called on an instance of the `Dog` class, it will use the implementation in the `Dog` class rather than the implementation in the `Animal` class.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "TypeScript - Overriding Methods",
+        "url": "https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/2/classes.html#overriding-methods",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "4gaKqNtGLFqpk9WVKZl0v": {
+    "title": "Generics",
+    "description": "Generics in TypeScript are a way to write code that can work with multiple data types, instead of being limited to a single data type. Generics allow you to write functions, classes, and interfaces that take one or more type parameters, which act as placeholders for the actual data types that will be used when the function, class, or interface is used.\n\nFor example, the following is a generic function that takes a single argument of any data type and returns the same data type:\n\n    function identity<T>(arg: T): T {\n      return arg;\n    }\n    \n    let output = identity<string>('Hello'); // type of output will be 'string'\n    \n\nIn this example, the `identity` function takes a single argument of any data type and returns the same data type. The actual data type is specified when the function is called by using `<string>` before the argument `\"Hello\"`.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Hello World of Generics",
+        "url": "https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/2/generics.html#hello-world-of-generics",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "T2-VAVfntouJOoWHpHZ3n": {
+    "title": "Generic Types",
+    "description": "Generic types in TypeScript allow you to write objects, functions and classes that work with multiple data types, instead of being limited to a single data type. A generic type is defined using angle brackets `<T>` and can be used as a placeholder for a specific data type. The actual data type is specified when the function or class is used.\n\nFor example, the following is a generic function that takes a single argument of any data type and returns the same data type:\n\n    function identity<T>(arg: T): T {\n      return arg;\n    }\n    \n    let output = identity<string>('Hello'); // type of output will be 'string'\n    \n\nIn this example, the `identity` function takes a single argument of any data type and returns the same data type. The actual data type is specified when the function is called by using `<string>` before the argument `Hello`.\n\nGenerics can also be used with classes, interfaces, and object types, allowing them to work with multiple data types as well.\n\nFor example:\n\n    class GenericNumber<T> {\n      zeroValue: T;\n      add: (x: T, y: T) => T;\n    }\n    \n    let myGenericNumber = new GenericNumber<number>();\n    myGenericNumber.zeroValue = 0;\n    myGenericNumber.add = function (x, y) {\n      return x + y;\n    };\n    \n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Hello World of Generics",
+        "url": "https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/2/generics.html#hello-world-of-generics",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "0NXHAOUYGIwuPwlN7r_B3": {
+    "title": "Generic Constraints",
+    "description": "Generic constraints in TypeScript allow you to specify the requirements for the type parameters used in a generic type. These constraints ensure that the type parameter used in a generic type meets certain requirements.\n\nConstraints are specified using the `extends` keyword, followed by the type that the type parameter must extend or implement.\n\n    interface Lengthwise {\n      length: number;\n    }\n    \n    function loggingIdentity<T extends Lengthwise>(arg: T): T {\n      // Now we know it has a .length property, so no more error\n      console.log(arg.length);\n    \n      return arg;\n    }\n    \n    loggingIdentity(3); // Error, number doesn't have a .length property\n    loggingIdentity({ length: 10, value: 3 }); // OK\n    \n\nIn this example, the `Lengthwise` interface defines a `length` property. The `loggingIdentity` function uses a generic type parameter `T` that is constrained by the `Lengthwise` interface, meaning that the type parameter must extend or implement the `Lengthwise` interface. This constraint ensures that the length property is available on the argument passed to the `loggingIdentity` function.\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Generic Constraints - TypeScript",
+        "url": "https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/2/generics.html#generic-constraints",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "TRx3wvWnRdJJf5eL-GBG4": {
+    "title": "Decorators",
+    "description": "Decorators are a feature of TypeScript that allow you to modify the behavior of a class, property, method, or parameter. They are a way to add additional functionality to existing code, and they can be used for a wide range of tasks, including logging, performance optimization, and validation.\n\nHere's an example of how you might use a decorator in TypeScript:\n\n    function log(\n      target: Object,\n      propertyKey: string | symbol,\n      descriptor: PropertyDescriptor\n    ) {\n      const originalMethod = descriptor.value;\n    \n      descriptor.value = function (...args: any[]) {\n        console.log(`Calling ${propertyKey} with arguments: ${args}`);\n        return originalMethod.apply(this, args);\n      };\n    \n      return descriptor;\n    }\n    \n    class Calculator {\n      @log\n      add(a: number, b: number): number {\n        return a + b;\n      }\n    }\n    \n    const calculator = new Calculator();\n    calculator.add(1, 2);\n    // Output: Calling add with arguments: 1,2\n    // Output: 3\n    \n\nIn this example, we use the `@log` decorator to modify the behavior of the `add` method in the `Calculator` class. The `log` decorator logs the arguments passed to the method before calling the original method. This allows us to see what arguments are being passed to the method, without having to modify the method's code.\n\nLearn more from the following links:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Decorators",
+        "url": "https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/decorators.html#handbook-content",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "LSwUHfalnk5MgHt21PANb": {
+    "title": "Utility Types",
+    "description": "TypeScript provides several utility types that can be used to manipulate and transform existing types. Here are some of the most common ones:\n\n*   `Partial`: makes all properties of a type optional.\n*   `Readonly`: makes all properties of a type read-only.\n*   `Pick`: allows you to pick specific properties from a type.\n*   `Omit`: allows you to omit specific properties from a type.\n*   `Exclude`: creates a type that is the set difference of A and B.\n*   ..and more.\n\nLearn more from the following links:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "TypeScript - Utility Types",
+        "url": "https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/utility-types.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "TypeScript Utility Types Guide",
+        "url": "https://camchenry.com/blog/typescript-utility-types",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "TypeScript Utility Types: Key Concepts And Best Practices",
+        "url": "https://marketsplash.com/tutorials/typescript/typescript-utility-types/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "gBTem9Dp3IQLAkqGX4fOF": {
+    "title": "Partial",
+    "description": "The Partial type in TypeScript allows you to make all properties of a type optional. This is useful when you need to create an object with only a subset of the properties of an existing type.\n\nHere's an example of using the Partial type in TypeScript:\n\n    interface User {\n      name: string;\n      age: number;\n      email: string;\n    }\n    \n    function createUser(user: Partial<User>): User {\n      return {\n        name: 'John Doe',\n        age: 30,\n        email: 'john.doe@example.com',\n        ...user,\n      };\n    }\n    \n    const newUser = createUser({ name: 'Jane Doe' });\n    \n    console.log(newUser);\n    // Output: { name: 'Jane Doe', age: 30, email: 'john.doe@example.com' }\n    \n\nLearn more from the following links:\n\n@article@Partial",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "E88tHQvARkHURZwGaO02l": {
+    "title": "Pick",
+    "description": "Pick constructs a type by picking the set of properties Keys (string literal or union of string literals) from Type.\n\n    interface Todo {\n      title: string;\n      description: string;\n      completed: boolean;\n    }\n    \n    type TodoPreview = Pick<Todo, 'title' | 'completed'>;\n    \n    const todo: TodoPreview = {\n      title: 'Clean room',\n      completed: false,\n    };\n    \n\nLearn more from the following links:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Pick<Type, Keys>",
+        "url": "https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/utility-types.html#picktype-keys",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "yjlxygHl8QONNUrdx-Q0A": {
+    "title": "Omit",
+    "description": "Omit constructs a type by picking all properties from Type and then removing Keys (string literal or union of string literals).\n\n    interface Todo {\n      title: string;\n      description: string;\n      completed: boolean;\n      createdAt: number;\n    }\n    \n    type TodoPreview = Omit<Todo, 'description'>;\n    \n    const todo: TodoPreview = {\n      title: 'Clean room',\n      completed: false,\n      createdAt: 1615544252770,\n    };\n    \n    type TodoInfo = Omit<Todo, 'completed' | 'createdAt'>;\n    \n    const todoInfo: TodoInfo = {\n      title: 'Pick up kids',\n      description: 'Kindergarten closes at 5pm',\n    };\n    \n\nLearn more from the following links:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Omit<Type, Keys>",
+        "url": "https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/utility-types.html#omittype-keys",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "IuO9-O_DQdDYuAbdGWdgb": {
+    "title": "Readonly",
+    "description": "Readonly constructs a type with all properties of Type set to readonly, meaning the properties of the constructed type cannot be reassigned.\n\n    interface Todo {\n      title: string;\n    }\n    \n    const todo: Readonly<Todo> = {\n      title: 'Delete inactive users',\n    };\n    \n    // Cannot assign to 'title' because it is a read-only property.\n    todo.title = 'Hello';\n    \n\nLearn more from the following links:\n\n@article@Readonly",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "DRdBmF5Dt_r09LoPOxOuq": {
+    "title": "Record",
+    "description": "Record constructs an object type whose property keys are Keys and whose property values are Type. This utility can be used to map the properties of a type to another type.\n\n    interface CatInfo {\n      age: number;\n      breed: string;\n    }\n    \n    type CatName = 'miffy' | 'boris' | 'mordred';\n    \n    const cats: Record<CatName, CatInfo> = {\n      miffy: { age: 10, breed: 'Persian' },\n      boris: { age: 5, breed: 'Maine Coon' },\n      mordred: { age: 16, breed: 'British Shorthair' },\n    };\n    \n\nLearn more from the following links:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Record<Keys, Type>",
+        "url": "https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/utility-types.html#recordkeys-type",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "0fvOXi9gJbEc7etqTggNE": {
+    "title": "Exclude",
+    "description": "Exclude constructs a type by excluding from UnionType all union members that are assignable to ExcludedMembers.\n\n    type T0 = Exclude<'a' | 'b' | 'c', 'a'>; // \"b\" | \"c\"\n    type T1 = Exclude<'a' | 'b' | 'c', 'a' | 'b'>; // \"c\"\n    type T2 = Exclude<string | number | (() => void), Function>; // string | number\n    \n\nLearn more from the following links:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Exclude<UnionType, ExcludedMembers>",
+        "url": "https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/utility-types.html#excludeuniontype-excludedmembers",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "IIAbAzXiVQm1JEi2MTMZN": {
+    "title": "Extract",
+    "description": "Extract constructs a type by extracting from Type all union members that are assignable to Union.\n\n    type T0 = Extract<'a' | 'b' | 'c', 'a' | 'f'>;\n    //    ^ = type T0 = \"a\"\n    \n\nLearn more from the following links:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Extract<Type, Union>",
+        "url": "https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/utility-types.html#extracttype-union",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "_BAZlBEzE7ddr315OeHvl": {
+    "title": "NonNullable",
+    "description": "Non-Nullable constructs a type by excluding `null` and `undefined` from Type.\n\n    type T0 = NonNullable<string | number | undefined>;\n    // type T0 = string | number\n    \n    type T1 = NonNullable<string[] | null | undefined>;\n    // type T1 = string[]\n    \n\nLearn more from the following links:\n\n@article@NonNullable",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "a7hl0iMZ-jcUACxqIYVqv": {
+    "title": "Parameters",
+    "description": "Parameters constructs a tuple type from the types used in the parameters of a function type Type.\n\n    type T0 = Parameters<() => string>;\n    // type T0 = []\n    \n    type T1 = Parameters<(s: string) => void>;\n    // type T1 = [s: string]\n    \n    type T2 = Parameters<<T>(arg: T) => T>;\n    // type T2 = [arg: unknown]\n    \n    declare function f1(arg: { a: number; b: string }): void;\n    type T3 = Parameters<typeof f1>;\n    // type T3 = [arg: {\n    //     a: number;\n    //     b: string;\n    // }]\n    \n    type T4 = Parameters<any>;\n    // type T4 = unknown[]\n    \n    type T5 = Parameters<never>;\n    // type T5 = never\n    \n    type T6 = Parameters<string>;\n    // ^ Type 'string' does not satisfy the constraint '(...args: any) => any'.\n    \n    type T7 = Parameters<Function>;\n    // ^ Type 'Function' does not satisfy the constraint '(...args: any) => any'.\n    \n\nLearn more from the following links:\n\n@article@Parameters",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "On75JR_UkiIlha0_qaSeu": {
+    "title": "ReturnType",
+    "description": "Return type constructs a type consisting of the return type of function Type.\n\n    type T0 = ReturnType<() => string>;\n    // type T0 = string\n    \n    type T1 = ReturnType<(s: string) => void>;\n    // type T1 = void\n    \n    type T2 = ReturnType<<T>() => T>;\n    // type T2 = unknown\n    \n    type T3 = ReturnType<<T extends U, U extends number[]>() => T>;\n    // type T3 = number[]\n    \n    declare function f1(): { a: number; b: string };\n    type T4 = ReturnType<typeof f1>;\n    // type T4 = {\n    //     a: number;\n    //     b: string;\n    // }\n    \n    type T5 = ReturnType<any>;\n    // type T5 = any\n    \n    type T6 = ReturnType<never>;\n    // type T6 = never\n    \n    type T7 = ReturnType<string>;\n    // ^ Type 'string' does not satisfy the constraint '(...args: any) => any'.\n    \n    type T8 = ReturnType<Function>;\n    // ^ Type 'Function' does not satisfy the constraint '(...args: any) => any'.\n    \n\nLearn more from the following links:\n\n@article@ReturnType",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "izGAjNtrh3BzQt3KiZX0W": {
+    "title": "InstanceType",
+    "description": "This type constructs a type consisting of the instance type of a constructor function in Type.\n\n    class C {\n      x = 0;\n      y = 0;\n    }\n    \n    type T0 = InstanceType<typeof C>;\n    // type T0 = C\n    \n    type T1 = InstanceType<any>;\n    // type T1 = any\n    \n    type T2 = InstanceType<never>;\n    // type T2 = never\n    \n    type T3 = InstanceType<string>;\n    // ^ Type 'string' does not satisfy the constraint 'abstract new (...args: any) => any'.\n    \n    type T4 = InstanceType<Function>;\n    // ^ Type 'Function' does not satisfy the constraint 'abstract new (...args: any) => any'.\n    \n\nLearn more from the following links:\n\n@article@InstanceType",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "aEhI_9mFWXRIZh1ZxTuzu": {
+    "title": "Awaited",
+    "description": "This type is meant to model operations like await in async functions, or the `.then()` method on Promises - specifically, the way that they recursively unwrap Promises.\n\n    type A = Awaited<Promise<string>>;\n    // type A = string\n    \n    type B = Awaited<Promise<Promise<number>>>;\n    // type B = number\n    \n    type C = Awaited<boolean | Promise<number>>;\n    // type C = number | boolean\n    \n\nLearn more from the following links:\n\n@article@Awaited",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "2F7vOL__v9dLBohA263aj": {
+    "title": "Advanced Types",
+    "description": "Advanced types in TypeScript are a set of advanced type constructs that allow for more complex and expressive type systems. Some of the most commonly used advanced types in TypeScript include:\n\n*   Intersection Types\n*   Union Types\n*   Type Aliases\n*   Conditional Types\n*   Index Types\n*   Mapped Types\n*   Type Guards\n\nThese advanced types allow for more complex and expressive type systems, and enable you to write code that is safer, more maintainable, and easier to understand. By leveraging these advanced types, you can write code that is more robust, less prone to errors, and easier to maintain.\n\nLearn more from the following links:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Advanced Topics",
+        "url": "https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/type-compatibility.html#advanced-topics",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Tutorial of Typescript - Advanced Types",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLw5h0DiJ-9PBIgIyd2ZA1CVnJf0BLFJg2",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "VQ-V9qIdKgnpSJg2UnpuB": {
+    "title": "Mapped Types",
+    "description": "Mapped types in TypeScript are a way to create a new type based on an existing type, where each property of the existing type is transformed in some way. Mapped types are declared using a combination of the `keyof` operator and a type that maps each property of the existing type to a new property type.\n\nFor example, the following is a mapped type that takes an object type and creates a new type with all properties of the original type but with their type changed to `readonly`:\n\n    type Readonly<T> = {\n      readonly [P in keyof T]: T[P];\n    };\n    \n    let obj = { x: 10, y: 20 };\n    let readonlyObj: Readonly<typeof obj> = obj;\n    \n\nIn this example, the `Readonly` mapped type takes an object type `T` and creates a new type with all properties of `T` but with their type changed to `readonly`. The keyof `T` operator is used to extract the names of the properties of `T`, and the `T[P]` syntax is used to access the type of each property of `T`. The `readonly` keyword is used to make the properties of the new type `readonly`.\n\nLearn more from the following links:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Mapped Types",
+        "url": "https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/2/mapped-types.html#handbook-content",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "ubGIhi-WLE0EopTYXzmPL": {
+    "title": "Conditional Types",
+    "description": "Conditional types in TypeScript are a way to select a type based on a condition. They allow you to write a type that dynamically chooses a type based on the types of its inputs. Conditional types are declared using a combination of the `infer` keyword and a type that tests a condition and selects a type based on the result of the test.\n\nFor example, the following is a conditional type that takes two types and returns the type of the first argument if it extends the second argument, and the type of the second argument otherwise:\n\n    type Extends<T, U> = T extends U ? T : U;\n    \n    type A = Extends<string, any>; // type A is 'string'\n    type B = Extends<any, string>; // type B is 'string'\n    \n\nIn this example, the Extends conditional type takes two types T and U and returns the type of the first argument `T` if it extends the second argument `U`, and the type of the second argument `U` otherwise. The T extends `U` syntax is used to test whether `T extends U`, and the `? T : U` syntax is used to select the type `T` if the test passes and the type `U` otherwise.\n\nLearn more from the following links:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Conditional Types",
+        "url": "https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/2/conditional-types.html#handbook-content",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Conditional Types - Advanced TypeScript",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QFWrbNehKk0",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "CWzGwvl6NwYCaLYSLIjqQ": {
+    "title": "Literal Types",
+    "description": "Literal types in TypeScript are a way to specify a value exactly, rather than just a type. Literal types can be used to enforce that a value must be of a specific type and a specific value. Literal types are created by using a literal value, such as a string, number, or boolean, as a type.\n\nFor example, the following is a literal type that represents a value of 42:\n\n    type Age = 42;\n    \n    let age: Age = 42; // ok\n    let age: Age = 43; // error\n    \n\nIn this example, the `Age` literal type is created by using the number `42` as a type. This type can then be used to enforce that a value must be of type `number` and have the value `42`.\n\nLearn more from the following links:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Literal Types",
+        "url": "https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/2/everyday-types.html#literal-types",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "xP25nGw42VqdfZ_9pDMXd": {
+    "title": "Template Literal Types",
+    "description": "Template literal types in TypeScript are a way to manipulate string values as types. They allow you to create a type based on the result of string manipulation or concatenation. Template literal types are created using the backtick (\\`\\`) character and string manipulation expressions within the type.\n\nFor example, the following is a template literal type that concatenates two strings:\n\n    type Name = `Mr. ${string}`;\n    \n    let name: Name = `Mr. Smith`;  // ok\n    let name: Name = `Mrs. Smith`;  // error\n    \n\nIn this example, the `Name` template literal type is created by concatenating the string `\"Mr. \"` with the type `string`. This type can then be used to enforce that a value must be a string that starts with `\"Mr. \"`.\n\nLearn more from the following links:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Template Literal Types",
+        "url": "https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/2/template-literal-types.html#handbook-content",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "N8xBTJ74xv1E5hSLYZtze": {
+    "title": "Recursive Types",
+    "description": "Recursive types in TypeScript are a way to define a type that references itself. Recursive types are used to define complex data structures, such as trees or linked lists, where a value can contain one or more values of the same type.\n\nFor example, the following is a recursive type that represents a linked list:\n\n    type LinkedList<T> = {\n      value: T;\n      next: LinkedList<T> | null;\n    };\n    \n    let list: LinkedList<number> = {\n      value: 1,\n      next: { value: 2, next: { value: 3, next: null } },\n    };\n    \n\nIn this example, the `LinkedList` type is defined as a type that extends `T` and contains a property `next` of the same type `LinkedList<T>`. This allows us to create a linked list where each node contains a value of type `T` and a reference to the next node in the list.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "sE9lqkkqwnsVJxTJv37YZ": {
+    "title": "TypeScript Modules",
+    "description": "In TypeScript, modules are used to organize and reuse code. There are two types of modules in TypeScript:\n\n*   Internal\n*   External\n\nInternal modules are used to organize code within a file and are also referred to as namespaces. They are defined using the \"namespace\" keyword.\n\nExternal modules are used to organize code across multiple files. They are defined using the \"export\" keyword in one file and the \"import\" keyword in another file. External modules in TypeScript follow the CommonJS or ES modules standards.\n\nHere is an example of how you can use internal modules in TypeScript:\n\n    // myModule.ts\n    namespace MyModule {\n      export function doSomething() {\n        console.log('Doing something...');\n      }\n    }\n    \n    // main.ts\n    /// <reference path=\"myModule.ts\" />\n    MyModule.doSomething(); // Output: \"Doing something...\"\n    \n\nLearn more from the following links:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Modules",
+        "url": "https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/modules.html#handbook-content",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "TypeScript - Modules",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EpOPR03z4Vw",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "EtVwQ4lnWi3IIFHGb2Qib": {
+    "title": "Namespaces",
+    "description": "In TypeScript, namespaces are used to organize and share code across multiple files. Namespaces allow you to group related functionality into a single unit and prevent naming conflicts.\n\nHere's an example of how you can use namespaces in TypeScript:\n\n    // myNamespace.ts\n    namespace MyNamespace {\n      export function doSomething() {\n        console.log('Doing something...');\n      }\n    }\n    \n    // main.ts\n    /// <reference path=\"myNamespace.ts\" />\n    MyNamespace.doSomething(); // Output: \"Doing something...\"\n    \n\nIn this example, we use the `namespace` keyword in the \"myNamespace.ts\" file to define a namespace \"MyNamespace\". Within the namespace, we export a function \"doSomething\".\n\nLearn more from the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Overview of Namespaces",
+        "url": "https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/namespaces.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Namespaces and Modules",
+        "url": "https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/namespaces-and-modules.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "TypeScript - Using Namespaces",
+        "url": "https://typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/namespaces-and-modules.html#using-namespaces",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "k_5y77k8ZZ9_O2WpWXWTY": {
+    "title": "Ambient Modules",
+    "description": "Ambient modules in TypeScript are used to declare external modules or third-party libraries in a TypeScript program. Ambient modules provide type information for modules that have no TypeScript declarations, but are available in the global scope.\n\nHere's an example of how you can use ambient modules in TypeScript:\n\n    // myModule.d.ts\n    declare module 'my-module' {\n      export function doSomething(): void;\n    }\n    \n    // main.ts\n    import * as myModule from 'my-module';\n    myModule.doSomething();\n    \n\nIn this example, we declare an ambient module \"my-module\" in the `myModule.d.ts` file. This declaration provides type information for the \"my-module\" module, including the \"doSomething\" function that is exported from the module.\n\nLearn more from the following links:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Ambient Modules",
+        "url": "https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/modules.html#ambient-modules",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "egQWk1n3p8Pep83yIwCtI": {
+    "title": "External Modules",
+    "description": "In TypeScript, external modules allow you to organize and share code across multiple files. External modules in TypeScript follow the CommonJS or ES modules standards.\n\nHere's an example of how you can use external modules in TypeScript:\n\n    // myModule.ts\n    export function doSomething() {\n      console.log('Doing something...');\n    }\n    \n    // main.ts\n    import { doSomething } from './myModule';\n    doSomething(); // Output: \"Doing something...\"\n    \n\nIn this example, we use the \"export\" keyword in the \"myModule.ts\" file to export the \"doSomething\" function, making it available for other files to use.\n\nLearn more from the following links:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "External Module",
+        "url": "https://www.javatpoint.com/typescript-module",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "TypeScript - External Module",
+        "url": "https://learncodeweb.com/typescript/modules-in-typescript-explain-with-an-example/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "16TT8R4N-9tCfWmPetqMP": {
+    "title": "Namespace Agumentation",
+    "description": "In TypeScript, namespace augmentation is a way to extend or modify existing namespaces. This is useful when you want to add new functionality to existing namespaces or to fix missing or incorrect declarations in third-party libraries.\n\nHere's an example of how you can use namespace augmentation in TypeScript:\n\n    // myModule.d.ts\n    declare namespace MyModule {\n      export interface MyModule {\n        newFunction(): void;\n      }\n    }\n    \n    // main.ts\n    /// <reference path=\"myModule.d.ts\" />\n    namespace MyModule {\n      export class MyModule {\n        public newFunction() {\n          console.log('I am a new function in MyModule!');\n        }\n      }\n    }\n    \n    const obj = new MyModule.MyModule();\n    obj.newFunction(); // Output: \"I am a new function in MyModule!\"\n    \n\nIn this example, we use namespace augmentation to add a new function \"newFunction\" to the \"MyModule\" namespace. This is done in the declaration file `myModule.d.ts` by declaring a new interface \"MyModule\" within the \"MyModule\" namespace and adding the \"newFunction\" function to it.\n\nLearn more from the following links:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Module Augmentation",
+        "url": "https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/declaration-merging.html#module-augmentation",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "JQwWeB1gkANSYfQmH69Bs": {
+    "title": "Global Augmentation",
+    "description": "In TypeScript, global augmentation is a way to add declarations to the global scope. This is useful when you want to add new functionality to existing libraries or to augment the built-in types in TypeScript.\n\nHere's an example of how you can use global augmentation in TypeScript:\n\n    // myModule.d.ts\n    declare namespace NodeJS {\n      interface Global {\n        myGlobalFunction(): void;\n      }\n    }\n    \n    // main.ts\n    global.myGlobalFunction = function () {\n      console.log('I am a global function!');\n    };\n    \n    myGlobalFunction(); // Output: \"I am a global function!\"\n    \n\nIn this example, we declare a new namespace \"NodeJS\" and add an interface \"Global\" to it. Within the \"Global\" interface, we declare a new function \"myGlobalFunction\".\n\nLearn more from the following links:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Global augmentation",
+        "url": "https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/declaration-merging.html#global-augmentation",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "RqZaWGxxNRItBhVwWKysc": {
+    "title": "Ecosystem",
+    "description": "Have a look at the linked nodes for different tools and frameworks that you can use to build your projects.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "fU8Vnw1DobM4iXl1Tq6EK": {
+    "title": "Formatting",
+    "description": "Prettier is an opinionated code formatter with support for JavaScript, HTML, CSS, YAML, Markdown, GraphQL Schemas. By far the biggest reason for adopting Prettier is to stop all the on-going debates over styles.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Prettier Website",
+        "url": "https://prettier.io",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Why Prettier",
+        "url": "https://prettier.io/docs/en/why-prettier.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "8PcAPOrKisKRYPWamz4nV": {
+    "title": "Linting",
+    "description": "With ESLint you can impose the coding standard using a certain set of standalone rules.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "ESLint Official Website",
+        "url": "https://eslint.org/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Introduction to ESLint",
+        "url": "https://dev.to/shivambmgupta/eslint-what-why-when-how-5f1d",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "ESLint Quickstart - find errors automatically",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qhuFviJn-es",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "PCX3KcvMUW3mmQEepLTXp": {
+    "title": "Useful Packages",
+    "description": "TypeScript has a large ecosystem of packages that can be used to extend the language or to add functionality to your project. Here is the list of some of the most useful packages.\n\n*   [@article@zod](https://zod.dev/): A TypeScript-first data validation library\n*   [@opensource@ts-morph](https://github.com/dsherret/ts-morph): A TypeScript-first API for manipulating TypeScript code\n*   [@article@ts-node](https://typestrong.org/ts-node/): A TypeScript execution and REPL for node.js\n*   [@opensource@ts-jest](https://github.com/kulshekhar/ts-jest): A Jest transformer with source map support that lets you use Jest to test projects written in TypeScript.\n*   [@opensource@typesync](https://github.com/jeffijoe/typesync): Install missing TypeScript typings for dependencies in your package.json.\n*   [@opensource@tsd](https://github.com/SamVerschueren/tsd) - TypeScript Definition Manager\n*   [@opensource@type-fest](https://github.com/sindresorhus/type-fest) - A collection of essential TypeScript types",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "I5uwfej5XMwR2N2gpBILh": {
+    "title": "Build Tools",
+    "description": "Task runners automatically execute commands and carry out processes behind the scenes. This helps automate your workflow by performing mundane, repetitive tasks that you would otherwise waste an egregious amount of time repeating yourself.\n\nCommon usages of task runners include numerous development tasks such as: spinning up development servers, compiling code (ex. SCSS to CSS), running linters, serving files up from a local port on your computer, and many more!\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "webpack is a static module bundler for modern JavaScript applications",
+        "url": "https://webpack.js.org/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Vite Next Generation Frontend Tooling",
+        "url": "https://vitejs.dev",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Parcel is a zero configuration build tool for the web",
+        "url": "https://parceljs.org/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "esbuild is an extremely fast JavaScript bundler and minifier",
+        "url": "https://esbuild.github.io/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "swc is a super-fast compiler written in Rust",
+        "url": "https://swc.rs/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "tsup is a zero-config TypeScript build tool",
+        "url": "https://tsup.egoist.dev/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Rollup is a module bundler for JavaScript",
+        "url": "https://rollupjs.org/guide/en/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "tsdx is a zero-config CLI for TypeScript package development",
+        "url": "https://tsdx.io/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Tools",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/tools?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/public/roadmap-content/ux-design.json b/public/roadmap-content/ux-design.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0e8fb8f2c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/public/roadmap-content/ux-design.json
@@ -0,0 +1,517 @@
+{
+  "liUKYf7UghuPk25xMPPYj": {
+    "title": "Human Decision Making",
+    "description": "Human decision making is the cognitive process through which individuals analyze information, evaluate alternatives, and select a course of action based on their preferences, goals, and desires. It plays a vital role in the field of UX design, as designers must understand how users make decisions in order to create intuitive and efficient interfaces.\n\nFactors Influencing Decision Making\n-----------------------------------\n\n*   **Cognitive biases**: These are mental shortcuts or patterns of thinking that can influence decision making. Examples include anchoring bias (relying too heavily on initial information) and confirmation bias (seeking information that confirms beliefs).\n*   **Emotions**: Emotions can significantly sway decisions, even when people believe they are making rational choices. UX designers should consider how design elements can elicit positive emotions and minimize negative ones.\n*   **Information overload**: Too much information can lead to cognitive overload and negatively impact decision making. UX designers need to organize and present information in a digestible and accessible way.\n\nDecision Making Models\n----------------------\n\nUnderstanding different decision-making models helps UX designers create interfaces that cater to various user needs and preferences. Some common models include:\n\n*   **Compensatory model**: In this model, individuals consider all available options, weighing their pros and cons in a systematic manner. UX design implications include providing detailed information, filters, and comparisons to help users make informed decisions.\n*   **Non-compensatory model**: Here, users employ a variety of heuristics or shortcuts to make decisions quickly. This may involve relying on a single attribute or establishing a threshold for certain criteria. In these cases, UX design should focus on highlighting key features and simplifying the decision-making process.\n*   **Satisficing model**: In this approach, users make decisions by selecting the first available option that meets their minimum criteria. UX designers should consider implementing features like 'top choices' and recommendations to support this decision-making style.\n\nDesign Principles for Supporting Decision Making\n------------------------------------------------\n\nTo enhance user decision-making experience, consider the following principles:\n\n*   **Progressive disclosure**: Present information gradually to avoid overwhelming users. This technique can include using tooltips, labels and expanding sections.\n*   **Cognitive aids**: Help users remember important information or tasks by providing timely reminders, notifications, and visual cues.\n*   **Feedback**: Instant feedback can help users understand the results of their decisions and guide them towards desired outcomes. This can be achieved through visual cues, messages, and animations.\n*   **Defaults**: Use smart defaults to help users make decisions in a context-appropriate manner, which could range from pre-filled forms to suggested options.\n\nUnderstanding human decision making and incorporating these principles into UX design will enable designers to create more intuitive, enjoyable, and efficient user experiences.",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "List of Cognitive Biases",
+        "url": "https://thedecisionlab.com/biases",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Types of Cognitive Bias",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wEwGBIr_RIw",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "6ffY5wO-XhkiDJJ5YcI0x": {
+    "title": "Nudge Theory",
+    "description": "**Nudge Theory** is a behavioral science concept that focuses on understanding how humans make choices and how small, subtle changes in our environment can have a significant impact on our decision-making process. Developed by Richard Thaler and Cass Sunstein, the central idea is that by \"nudging\" people's behavior in a specific direction, we can encourage them to make better, more informed decisions without the need for heavy-handed rules or regulations.\n\nIn the context of UX design, nudge theory can be applied in various ways to influence user behavior and drive desired outcomes. This might include:\n\n*   **Choice Architecture**: Designing the layout and ordering of choices in a way that influences user decisions. For example, placing more desirable options at the top of a list or making them more visually prominent.\n*   **Defaults**: Setting default options that encourage users to make better decisions. For example, pre-selecting a more environmentally-friendly shipping option or having a privacy setting enabled by default.\n*   **Social proof**: Showing how others have made similar choices or have had positive experiences. For example, presenting product ratings and reviews, or indicating that a large number of users have taken a particular action such as signing up for a newsletter.\n*   **Timely interventions**: Providing guidance or prompts at the right moment in the user's journey. For example, offering help when a user encounters a complex task or reminding them of the benefits of completing a process when their motivation may be wavering.\n\nWhen applying nudge theory in UX design, it's crucial to maintain a balance between encouraging positive behaviors and respecting user autonomy. Designers should aim to empower users with meaningful choices and useful information, rather than manipulating or deceiving them.",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Nudge Theory overview with examples",
+        "url": "https://www.businessballs.com/improving-workplace-performance/nudge-theory/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Nudge Theory Explained with Examples (on YouTube)",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u3yxxteiyya&ab_channel=epm",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Nudge Theory Explained in less than 10 minutes",
+        "url": "https://youtu.be/fA5eGIMZTRQ",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "K22gvF9DLt0Ikc80yZLCb": {
+    "title": "Persuasive Technology",
+    "description": "Persuasive technology is an area of UX design that focuses on using technology to influence human behavior and encourage users to take specific actions. It combines the principles of psychology and design to create experiences that impact user behavior in a desired way. The goal of persuasive technology is to subtly persuade or encourage users to adopt specific habits or behaviors, often with the intent of improving their overall experience or achieving a particular outcome.\n\nSome common examples of persuasive technology include:\n\n*   **Reinforcement**: Providing users with positive feedback or rewards for completing specific actions (e.g., badges or points in a gamified interface).\n    \n*   **Social influence**: Leveraging social connections and norms to encourage actions or decisions, such as displaying the number of friends who have also enjoyed a product on a shopping site.\n    \n*   **Scarcity**: Using the concept of scarcity (limited availability, time-limited offers) to instill a sense of urgency in users and encourage them to take action before they miss out.\n    \n*   **Personalization**: Tailoring content or experiences to the individual user based on their preferences, behaviors, or demographic information, which makes the experience more relevant and engaging.\n    \n*   **Commitment and consistency**: Encouraging users to make small commitments with the intent to build towards larger commitments over time, often through a progression of small tasks or milestones.\n    \n\nIncorporating persuasive technology into UX design can lead to more engaging and effective user experiences. However, it's crucial to use these techniques responsibly and ethically, ensuring that the end goal aligns with the best interests of users and does not exploit or manipulate them in any negative way.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "zYCBEUqZVlvjlAKnh5cPQ": {
+    "title": "Behavior Design",
+    "description": "Behavior Design is an approach that combines elements of psychology, neuroscience, and design principles to understand and influence human behaviors. The goal behind behavior design is to make it easier for users to accomplish their goals or desired actions within a product, service, or system.\n\nIn the context of UX Design, behavior design focuses on:\n\n*   **Motivation**: Understanding what motivates users to take action, such as personal interests, external rewards, or social influence.\n    \n*   **Ability**: Ensuring that users have the necessary skills, time, and resources to complete a desired action.\n    \n*   **Triggers**: Implementing well-timed prompts that encourage users to take a specific action within the interface.\n    \n\nTo create effective behavior designs, UX designers should:\n\n*   Identify user goals and desired outcomes.\n*   Analyze the user's environment and potential barriers that may affect their ability to complete the desired action.\n*   Design solutions that address both the motivation and ability aspects of behavior change, as well as the appropriate triggers to prompt action.\n*   Continuously test and iterate on the design to better understand user behavior and optimize engagement.\n\nBy focusing on behavior design, UX designers can create more engaging and user-friendly experiences that ultimately drive user satisfaction and increase the chances of achieving their desired goals.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "D553-nVELaB5gdxtoKSVc": {
+    "title": "Behavioral Science",
+    "description": "Behavioral science is the interdisciplinary study of human behavior, which encompasses disciplines like psychology, sociology, and anthropology. This field- primarily focuses on understanding what impacts our decisions, actions, and emotions. In the context of UX design, applying behavioral science concepts and principles can enhance user experience by improving user engagement, usability, and overall satisfaction.\n\nSome key principles of behavioral science that UX designers should consider include:\n\n*   **Cognitive biases:** These are mental shortcuts our brains take when processing information which can lead to irrational decisions or judgments. Designers can use these biases to guide user behavior, as seen in the 'anchoring effect,' where users rely on the first piece of information provided on a page.\n    \n*   **Loss aversion:** People tend to prioritize avoiding losses over acquiring gains. Designers can use this to their advantage by highlighting potential losses that could occur without using a specific feature or product, increasing user motivation.\n    \n*   **Social proof:** People look to others for cues about how to behave in uncertain situations. To leverage this effect, designers can include testimonials, ratings, and user-generated content to demonstrate that others have found value in their product or service.\n    \n*   **Incentivization:** Users may be more likely to engage with a product if there are rewards or incentives for completing certain tasks. Gamifying an experience or offering exclusive benefits can encourage users to engage more deeply with the product.\n    \n*   **Choice architecture:** The way choices are presented influences users' decisions. Designers can use this to guide users to desired outcomes or simplify decision-making by reducing the number of options presented.\n    \n*   **Habit formation:** Creating a habit-forming experience can lead to increased user retention and engagement. Designers should consider features and elements that reinforce routine usage or solve recurring pain-points.\n    \n\nBy integrating behavioral science principles into their design process, UX designers can better understand and anticipate users' needs, ultimately creating more enjoyable, effective, and engaging experiences.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "_lv6GJ0wlMfhJ7PHRGQ_V": {
+    "title": "Behavioral Economics",
+    "description": "Behavioral Economics is a subfield of economics that studies the psychological, social, and emotional factors that influence decision-making and economic behavior. It seeks to understand why people make choices that deviate from the traditional economic model, which assumes that individuals behave rationally and seek to maximize their utility.\n\nThe key concepts of Behavioral Economics include:\n\n*   Bounded Rationality: People make decisions based on limited information, cognitive constraints, and personal biases.\n    \n*   Prospect Theory: Individuals perceive losses and gains asymmetrically, feeling greater pain from a loss than satisfaction from an equivalent gain.\n    \n*   Anchoring: People tend to rely on a reference point (the anchor) when assessing the value of an unknown option, which can lead to arbitrary or irrational decisions.\n    \n*   Mental Accounting: Individuals mentally categorize and allocate expenses differently, which can lead to biases like the sunk cost fallacy or the endowment effect.\n    \n*   Nudging: Subtle changes to choice architecture can influence people's decisions without restricting their freedom of choice, through methods like default options, framing, or social proof.\n    \n\nUnderstanding and applying behavioral economic principles can help UX designers create interfaces and experiences that account for these biases and help users make better choices. By designing to minimize cognitive load, supporting decision-making, and presenting options effectively, UX designers can enhance user satisfaction and encourage desired actions.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "2NlgbLeLBYwZX2u2rKkIO": {
+    "title": "BJ Fogg's Behavior Model",
+    "description": "B.J. Fogg, a renowned psychologist, and researcher at Stanford University, proposed the [Fogg Behavior Model (FBM)](https://www.behaviormodel.org/). This insightful model helps UX designers understand and influence user behavior by focusing on three core elements. These key factors are motivation, ability, and triggers.\n\n*   **Motivation**: This element emphasizes the user's desire to perform a certain action or attain specific outcomes. Motivation can be linked to three core elements specified as sensation (pleasure/pain), anticipation (hope/fear), and social cohesion (belonging/rejection).\n    \n*   **Ability**: Ability refers to the user's capacity, both physical and mental, to perform desired actions. To enhance the ability of users, UX designers should follow the principle of simplicity. The easier it is to perform an action, the more likely users will engage with the product. Some factors to consider are time, financial resources, physical efforts, and cognitive load.\n    \n*   **Triggers**: Triggers are the cues, notifications, or prompts that signal users to take an action. For an action to occur, triggers should be presented at the right time when the user has adequate motivation and ability.\n    \n\nUX designers should strive to find the balance between these three factors to facilitate the desired user behavior. By understanding your audience and their needs, implementing clear and concise triggers, and minimizing the effort required for action, the FBM can be an effective tool for designing user-centered products.",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "meaning of BJ fogg's behavior model",
+        "url": "https://behaviormodel.org/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "kcG4IpneJzA6di0uqTiwb": {
+    "title": "CREATE Action Funnel",
+    "description": "Stephen Wendell's Create Action Funnel is a UX design framework focused on converting website visitors into active customers through a systematic and engaging process. The approach emphasizes on understanding user behavior, catering to their needs, and directing them towards specific actions. The Action Funnel consists of four major steps:\n\n*   **Establish the Objectives:** Before diving into the design, clearly define the goals you want to achieve through the website or app. Determine what actions you want the users to take (e.g., sign up, make a purchase, share content) and what constitutes a successful conversion.\n    \n*   **Understand User Mindsets:** Identify your target audience and recognize their needs, preferences, emotions, and pain points. Accomplishing this requires user research, creating personas, storyboarding, and empathy mapping, among other methods.\n    \n*   **Design the Optimal User Flow:** Craft a seamless and intuitive user journey by designing a clear path from the landing page to the desired action. Prioritize simplicity, usability, and efficiency. Make sure to include meaningful touchpoints and interactions to engage the users and make it easy for them to complete the intended action.\n    \n*   **Refine and Test the Experience:** Use wireframes and prototypes to test and iteratively refine the user experience. Employ user testing, A/B testing, and analytics to gather insight on user behavior, preferences, and engagement. Continuously use feedback to make improvements, ensuring that the design effectively leads visitors down the action funnel.\n    \n\nBy implementing Stephen Wendell's `Create Action Funnel`, you can effectively guide users through an engaging journey that motivates them to become active customers, ultimately increasing conversion rates and overall satisfaction.",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Behavioral Science Crash Course: Steve Wendel's CREATE Action Funnel",
+        "url": "https://www.prodify.group/blog/behavioral-science-crash-course-steve-wendels-create-action-funnel",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "0Df110GZcDw5wbAe1eKoA": {
+    "title": "Spectrum of Thinking Interventions",
+    "description": "The _Spectrum of Thinking Interventions_ provides a structure to guide your UX design process, helping you identify the types and range of thinking interventions that the user may require. This spectrum encompasses four primary categories: guidance, explanation, exploration, and creation.\n\nGuidance\n--------\n\nGuidance-based interventions are designed to help users navigate through a digital product or service with minimal effort. They may be aimed at full-fledged beginners, casual users, or experts in their respective domains. Such interventions may include signposts, tooltips, and clearly articulated labels.\n\n_Examples:_\n\n*   Visual cues (e.g., icons, colors)\n*   Signposting (e.g., breadcrumbs)\n*   In-context information (e.g., tool tips, hints)\n\nExplanation\n-----------\n\nExplanation-based interventions provide users with detailed narratives, overviews, or background information that helps them make informed decisions. This may include tutorials, articles, videos, or any other mediums that help explain complex concepts or instructions.\n\n_Examples:_\n\n*   Multimedia tutorials\n*   Articles or blog posts\n*   Infographics or diagrams\n\nExploration\n-----------\n\nExploration-based interventions encourage users to understand and interact with the product by investigating, asking questions, or searching for solutions on their own. This can be done by providing interactive elements, multiple pathways, and opportunities for discovery.\n\n_Examples:_\n\n*   Interactive simulations or models\n*   Advanced search capabilities\n*   Multiple UI paths for task completion\n\nCreation\n--------\n\nCreation-based interventions engage users by offering them the tools and resources to co-create or customize their experience. This type of intervention often involves a more extensive level of input and involvement from the user as they become active participants in the design process.\n\n_Examples:_\n\n*   Customizable user interfaces\n*   Allowing users to create their content\n*   Enabling users to manage their preferences, settings, and configurations\n\nWith this spectrum in mind, it is essential as a UX designer to analyze which types of thinking interventions are most relevant to your target users and design the most accessible and effective solutions. Always consider how these interventions will influence users' decision-making processes and their overall satisfaction with your digital product or service.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "kWA8CvocP1pkom2N7O4gb": {
+    "title": "Dual Process Theory",
+    "description": "The Dual Process Theory is a psychological concept that suggests that human thinking operates on two different levels – an intuitive, fast, and automatic level (known as System 1), as well as a more deliberate, slow, and logical level (System 2). In the context of UX design, understanding these two systems can help designers create user interfaces and experiences that cater to both types of thinking.\n\n**System 1: Intuitive and Fast**\n\n*   Relies on intuition, heuristics, and mental shortcuts\n*   Makes quick judgments based on emotions and past experiences\n*   Prone to errors and biases, but highly efficient for everyday tasks\n\n**System 2: Deliberate and Slow**\n\n*   Involves conscious, controlled thinking and decision making\n*   Requires more mental effort and can handle complex problems\n*   Less prone to errors, but slower and more resource-intensive\n\nIn order to create user experiences that cater to both System 1 and System 2 thinking, UX designers should:\n\n*   **Make tasks simple and intuitive**: Reduce cognitive load by simplifying tasks, using familiar patterns, and providing clear instructions.\n*   **Provide visual cues**: Use visual cues such as icons, colors, and typography to guide users through tasks, while promoting clarity and efficiency.\n*   **Minimize errors**: Design systems that help prevent errors by using constraints, providing feedback, and allowing users to undo their actions.\n*   **Accommodate different thinking styles**: Recognize that different users may approach tasks using different cognitive styles, and design experiences that cater to a range of preferences.\n*   **Test and iterate**: Continuously test your designs with real users, and iterate based on their feedback to ensure that your designs are catering to both System 1 and System 2 thinking.\n\nBy understanding the Dual Process Theory and designing for both types of cognitive processing, UX designers can create user experiences that are both delightful and efficient, ultimately leading to higher user satisfaction and engagement.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "lRBC8VYJPsR65LHDuuIsL": {
+    "title": "BJ Fogg's Behavior Grid",
+    "description": "The BJ Fogg Behavior Grid is a framework that helps UX designers, product managers, and marketers understand and identify different types of behavior change. Created by Stanford University professor B.J. Fogg, the grid consists of 15 behavior types based on the combination of three dimensions: Duration, Frequency, and Intensity.\n\nDuration\n--------\n\n*   **One-time behaviors**: These are behaviors that happen only once (e.g., signing up for an account).\n*   **Short-term behaviors**: Behaviors that take place for a limited period of time (e.g., using a trial version of a product).\n*   **Long-term behaviors**: Behaviors that are ongoing or happen repeatedly over a considerable time (e.g., continued use of a product).\n\nFrequency\n---------\n\n*   **Single-instance behaviors**: Behaviors that occur only one time per occasion (e.g., entering a password once to log in)\n*   **Infrequent behaviors**: Behaviors that do not happen regularly or happen sporadically (e.g., posting on social media once a week)\n*   **Frequent behaviors**: Behaviors that happen on a consistent and regular basis (e.g., checking email multiple times a day)\n\nIntensity\n---------\n\n*   **Low-stakes behaviors**: Behaviors that have little impact or are considered less important (e.g., choosing a profile picture)\n*   **Medium-stakes behaviors**: Behaviors that have moderate importance or impact (e.g., deciding how much personal information to share)\n*   **High-stakes behaviors**: Behaviors that have significant impact on the user's experience or perception of the product (e.g., making a purchase or canceling a subscription)\n\nUsing this grid, designers can classify user behaviors into different types and tailor their UX design strategies to target the specific behavior they want to encourage, change, or eliminate. Additionally, the Behavior Grid can be used to analyze and understand user motivations, triggers, and barriers, enabling designers to create more effective behavior change interventions.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "PLLTcrHkhd1KYaMSRKALp": {
+    "title": "Nir Eyal's Hook Model",
+    "description": "The Hook Model is a concept developed by Nir Eyal, a writer and entrepreneur. It is a framework designed to help create habit-forming products and services by engaging users on a deeper level. Eyal's model is based on four key components, which are meant to encourage user interactions and repeat usage, ultimately leading to user addiction. These components are:\n\n*   **Trigger:** Triggers are cues that prompt users to take action, either through external stimuli or internal motivations. External triggers can be notifications, advertisements, or even recommendations from friends, while internal triggers stem from users' thoughts or emotions, such as boredom or a need for social connection.\n    \n*   **Action:** The action is the simple task the user performs in response to the trigger. The action will depend on the context and product, but generally, it should be easy to do and have a clear connection to the trigger. An example might be swiping left or right on a dating app after receiving a notification.\n    \n*   **Variable Reward:** Rewarding users for taking action is an essential part of the Hook Model. Variable rewards refer to the idea that users receive varying levels of gratification for their actions - this unpredictability keeps them engaged and curious. Social media platforms are excellent examples, as users receive likes, comments, or retweets randomly, prompting them to keep interacting to trigger more rewards.\n    \n*   **Investment:** This component focuses on users investing time or effort into the product, which increases the likelihood of future engagement. An investment might include creating a profile, adding friends, or curating content. Users often feel a sense of ownership after investing in a product, making them more likely to return and continue using it.\n    \n\nBy incorporating these components into your UX design, you can create experiences that encourage users to develop habits and become more attached to your product. Keep in mind, however, that \"addiction\" is not the primary goal - rather, it's about promoting genuine value and enhancing users' lives in a positive manner.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "X1AroUI8Fge_lRpKab4A9": {
+    "title": "Cue Routine Reward Model",
+    "description": "The Cue-Routine-Reward Model, also known as the Habit Loop, is a neurological framework that describes how habits are formed and maintained in our brains. By understanding this model, UX designers can create more engaging and addictive user experiences, encouraging users to come back to the product repeatedly. The model consists of three key components:\n\n*   **Cue**: A stimulus, or trigger, that prompts your brain to start a habit. This can be anything from a notification on your phone to a daily routine or a specific location.\n\n    Example: Receiving an email notification (Cue) prompts you to check your inbox.\n    \n\n*   **Routine**: The actual habit or default action you take in response to the cue. This is typically an automated behavior that occurs without much conscious thought.\n\n    Example: After receiving the email notification (Cue), you open your email app and read the message (Routine).\n    \n\n*   **Reward**: The satisfaction or positive reinforcement your brain gets from completing the routine. This release of dopamine in the brain helps to strengthen and reinforce the habit over time.\n\n    Example: Reading the email (Routine) gives you a sense of accomplishment or connection with the sender, resulting in a positive emotion (Reward).\n    \n\nTo apply the Cue-Routine-Reward model in UX design:\n\n*   Identify potential **cues** that can act as triggers for users to engage with your product. This can include push notifications, visual prompts, or personalized messages.\n    \n*   Design seamless **routines** that are intuitive, user-friendly, and make it easy for users to complete tasks within the product. This can involve anything from clear calls-to-action, minimalist design, or familiar design patterns.\n    \n*   Ensure a meaningful **reward** is provided to users so they feel a sense of accomplishment or receive some form of positive feedback. This can include personalized content, social validation, or progress tracking.\n    \n\nBy incorporating the Cue-Routine-Reward model into your UX design, you can tap into users' natural habit-forming tendencies and ultimately create more addictive, engaging experiences.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "PTZROvpPtEvu06szwmt4K": {
+    "title": "Support Conscious Action",
+    "description": "The process of changing user behavior involves understanding the factors that influence the way people interact with your product, and applying strategies to help users adopt new, desirable behaviors. The goal is to make users feel comfortable and confident while using your product, ultimately creating a more enjoyable and effective user experience.\n\nThere are several key principles and strategies for changing user behavior in UX design:\n\n*   **Understand the user's current behavior**: To effectively change user behavior, you first need to understand their current habits and patterns. Conduct user research through interviews, surveys, and observation to identify their pain points and motivations.\n    \n*   **Set clear goals**: Define specific, measurable, attainable, and relevant goals for the behavior change you want to achieve. This might include increasing the number of completed tasks or reducing the time taken to complete tasks.\n    \n*   **Leverage behavioral psychology**: Utilize theories and models from behavioral psychology, such as the Fogg Behavior Model or the Theory of Planned Behavior, to design interventions that target key aspects of user behavior. These models can help explain the relationship between different factors that influence behavior, such as motivation, ability, and triggers.\n    \n*   **Design for simplicity**: Make it as easy as possible for users to adopt the desired behavior. Reduce barriers, streamline processes, and minimize the cognitive load required to perform tasks.\n    \n*   **Provide feedback and reinforcement**: Help users understand the impact of their actions by providing immediate, clear, and specific feedback. Positive reinforcement, such as rewards or praise, can also encourage users to continue engaging in the desired behavior.\n    \n*   **Leverage social influence**: People are often influenced by the behaviors of others, so consider incorporating elements of social proof, competition, or collaboration into your UX design.\n    \n*   **Personalize the experience**: Tailor your onboarding process, messaging, and content to the individual preferences and learning styles of your users. This can improve engagement and increase the likelihood of behavior change.\n    \n*   **Iterate and evaluate**: Continuously test and refine your design to improve the effectiveness of your behavior change strategies. Evaluate the success of your interventions by measuring changes in user behavior and adjusting your approach accordingly.\n    \n\nBy applying these strategies in your UX design, you can change user behavior and drive positive outcomes for your users and your product.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "SLXjoYL-lhPef8s9V3jpf": {
+    "title": "Educate & Encourage User",
+    "description": "One of the primary goals of UX design is to guide users through the intended flow of an application or website, and that often involves encouraging them to change their behavior or habits. Educating and encouraging users can be achieved through various methods such as guidance, feedback, and positive reinforcement.\n\n*   **Guidance:** Provide clear and concise instructions, explanations, and help text to ensure users understand how to use your application. Using onboarding tutorials, tooltips, and contextual help can greatly improve the user experience and aid in changing their behavior if required.\n    \n    *   Example: Show a brief tutorial during a user's first interaction with your app, highlighting key features they may not be aware of.\n*   **Feedback:** Give users real-time feedback as they interact with your application. This can range from basic notifications to more detailed information tailored to their specific behaviors.\n    \n    *   Example: When a user creates a password, show an interactive strength meter indicating whether their chosen password is strong or weak. This may encourage the user to choose a stronger and more secure password.\n*   **Positive reinforcement:** Encourage users to continue using your application by rewarding them for achieving milestones or completing tasks. This can be achieved through gamification elements like badges, points, and progress indicators.\n    \n    *   Example: Award a badge to users who complete their profile or connect their social media accounts. This can encourage users to fully engage with your application and form a habit of using it regularly.\n*   **Social influence:** Utilize social proof to promote a change in user behavior. Showcasing the actions or opinions of other users can create a sense of community and drive users to follow suit.\n    \n    *   Example: Display the number of users who have completed a task or upvoted a piece of content, which may motivate other users to follow the apparent trend.\n*   **Personalization:** Cater to users by presenting them with tailored content based on their preferences, usage patterns, and prior interactions. Personalization can make users feel more invested in the application, which may encourage them to consistently use and engage with it.\n    \n    *   Example: Offer users personalized recommendations for articles or products based on their browsing history, which can enhance their experience and increase the likelihood of repeat visits.\n\nBy effectively educating and encouraging your users, you can create a user experience that promotes desired behaviors, fosters positive habits, and ultimately leads to a more successful and impactful application. Remember to always put your user at the center of your design process to ensure you're addressing their needs and desires in the most effective way possible.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "e9n9an1PGxDPGkLCOHIwz": {
+    "title": "Help User think about their Action",
+    "description": "To successfully change user behavior, it's crucial to encourage users to think about their actions consciously. This can be achieved by employing various strategies in your UX design. Following are some effective methods to help users think about their actions:\n\n*   **Incentives**: Offer rewards or incentives to the users for completing specific actions, which will make them more likely to think about their actions and participate actively in the process.\n    \n*   **Progress indicators**: Display clear progress indicators to show the user where they are in the process and how far they've come. This will help the user evaluate the outcomes of their actions and motivate them to complete the process.\n    \n*   **Feedback**: Providing users with real-time feedback on their actions is a great way to make them more conscious of their actions. You can use notifications, messages, or visual cues to inform users about the positive or negative results of their actions.\n    \n*   **Guidance**: Offer guidance and support to users as they engage with your interface. Through onboarding tutorials, tooltips, or context-based instructions, help users understand the effects of their actions, why they are relevant, and how to use them efficiently.\n    \n*   **Confirmation**: Ask users for confirmation before they proceed with a critical action that may have significant consequences. This pause will compel them to think about their choice and assess the potential impact of their action.\n    \n*   **Make it personal**: Connect the outcomes of the user's actions to their personal goals or aspirations. Users are more likely to think about their actions if they perceive the effects in the context of their own life.\n    \n\nBy incorporating these techniques within your UX design, you will encourage users to actively think about their actions, leading to more mindful engagement with your product, informed decision-making, and improved user satisfaction.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "zVXJPpqZvUFIxTGVrr0rN": {
+    "title": "Cheating",
+    "description": "Cheating, in the context of behavior change strategies, refers to creating shortcuts and loopholes within a designed system, in order to overcome any obstacles users may face while achieving their goals. As a UX designer, you need to understand that users often look for the easiest path to reach their objectives, even if it means bending or breaking the established rules.\n\nWhen to use Cheating:\n---------------------\n\n*   **Overcoming limitations**: Allow users to overcome constraints imposed by the system or environment when these limitations prevent them from moving forward in a meaningful way.\n*   **Increasing motivation**: When users feel stuck or overwhelmed, cheating mechanisms can help them feel a sense of progress or achievement, thus motivating them to keep going.\n*   **Enhancing user experience**: Sometimes, cheating can create fun and engaging experiences, turning ordinary tasks into enjoyable challenges that users might enjoy exploring and exploiting.\n\nDesigning for Cheating:\n-----------------------\n\nWhen designing cheat mechanisms in your UX, consider the following best practices:\n\n*   **Balance**: Cheating should provide an alternative solution without compromising the overall challenge or value offered by the system. Strive for a balance between making tasks easier and avoiding excessive exploitation that could lead to unearned rewards or trivializing the user's experience.\n*   **Limited Access**: Cheating should not become the default behavior or the most commonly used strategy in your design. Limit access or opportunities to cheat to avoid undermining the user's sense of accomplishment or alienating non-cheating users.\n*   **Documentation and communication**: If permitting cheating is an intentional design choice, communicate this to your users explicitly, so they don't feel guilty about exploiting loopholes. Making users aware of cheat options can help you foster an environment where users knowingly bend the rules, thus adding an interesting dynamic to the overall user experience.\n*   **Monitoring**: Constantly monitor how users are interacting with your design and how prevalent cheating behavior is. If cheating becomes too widespread or harmful, consider tweaking the system and addressing any unintended consequences.\n\nBy carefully designing and implementing cheating strategies, you can effectively enhance the user experience, while still maintaining the integrity of your system and the motivation of your users. Remember, the goal is to make the experience enjoyable and rewarding, not to provide users with a way to cheat their way to success.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "IpKCXqf_PkxIllwmiIZsq": {
+    "title": "Defaulting",
+    "description": "Defaulting in UX design refers to the practice of pre-selecting options or settings for users based on what is likely to be the most common or preferred choice. The goal is to simplify the decision-making process and minimize the effort required for users to complete a task or interact with an interface.\n\nBenefits of defaulting include:\n\n*   **User convenience**: By pre-selecting options for users, you save them time and effort in making choices. This leads to a smoother user experience, especially for users who may not have a strong preference or in-depth knowledge about the task at hand.\n    \n*   **Reduced errors and confusion**: Default options can help users avoid making errors, like selecting an incompatible format or an incorrect setting. By choosing sensible defaults, you can guide users towards appropriate choices which can minimize confusion and potential problems later on.\n    \n*   **Promote desired behavior**: If you want to encourage users to adopt a specific action or setting, making it the default choice can increase its adoption rate. For example, setting the default privacy settings to 'high' can promote better security practices among users.\n    \n\nWhen implementing defaulting, keep the following guidelines in mind:\n\n*   **Consider user needs and preferences**: Defaults should align with the most common or preferred user actions, based on user research and understanding of your audience.\n    \n*   **Be transparent**: Make it clear to users that you have pre-selected some choices on their behalf, and offer ways to change these selections if needed.\n    \n*   **Regularly review and adjust**: As your user base or product evolves, it's essential to review and adjust your default settings to ensure they remain relevant and helpful to users.\n    \n\nIn summary, defaulting is a powerful UX design technique that, when used thoughtfully, can streamline user interactions and lead to better usability and user satisfaction.",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "The Power of Defaults",
+        "url": "https://www.nngroup.com/articles/the-power-of-defaults/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "Ix5Fll_dAINWLxVF2DXFI": {
+    "title": "Making it Incidental",
+    "description": "In UX design, making something incidental refers to subtly introducing a feature or element while the user is engaged in a different, primary task. The intention behind this approach is to avoid interrupting the user's flow, prevent them from feeling overwhelmed, and make the discovery of that feature feel more natural and serendipitous.\n\nBenefits of Making It Incidental\n--------------------------------\n\n*   **Less Overwhelming:** Users are not bombarded with too much information at once, as an incidental introduction happens when they are already engaged in another task.\n*   **Avoids Distractions:** It doesn't disrupt the flow of the application, allowing users to maintain focus on their original task.\n*   **Increases User Engagement:** As users chance upon a feature or element that they possibly need or find useful in the future, this may deepen their connection with the product.\n\nTechniques to Make it Incidental\n--------------------------------\n\n*   **Progressive disclosure:** Reveal information or features when relevant, in the context of the user's current task.\n*   **Guided interactions:** Introduce features while users are actively engaged in tasks, where the discovery is an organic part of the interaction.\n*   **Contextual hints:** Provide subtle cues or suggestions for users that signal the presence of additional features, which can be used when needed.\n\nRemember, the key to making something incidental is to strategically place it within the user journey, so that it feels like a natural and seamless discovery. This approach can help create delightful and efficient user experiences.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "ZufrLRNkMoJ4e2T-vWxCR": {
+    "title": "Automate the Act of Repetition",
+    "description": "As a UX designer, one of your main goals is to simplify and streamline user interactions. Often, users are required to perform repetitive tasks, which can lead to frustration and decrease efficiency. To enhance the user experience and ensure smooth sailing, it's essential to reduce or eliminate the need for repeated actions by automating repetitive tasks wherever possible.\n\nBenefits of Automation\n----------------------\n\nWhen properly implemented, automation can:\n\n*   Save time: By cutting down on repeated actions, users can complete tasks more quickly, increasing productivity.\n*   Reduce errors: Automating tasks can minimize human error and ensure that actions are completed correctly every time.\n*   Improve user satisfaction: Reducing tedious tasks can lead to a more positive user experience and increase user retention.\n\nStrategies for Automation\n-------------------------\n\nAs a UX designer, consider the following strategies to automate repetitive tasks:\n\n*   **Pre-fill forms**: Auto-fill form fields with the information that the user has entered previously or is likely to enter, such as their name, email address, or phone number. This can save users time and effort in filling out forms.\n*   **Remember user preferences**: Store user settings and preferences, such as preferred language, currency, or theme, so that users don't have to set them again every time they visit your site or app.\n*   **Smart suggestions**: Implement predictive text or auto-suggestions based on user input or past behavior. For example, when typing search queries or filling out forms, users may appreciate suggestions to help them complete their task quickly.\n*   **Batch actions**: Allow users to perform actions, like selecting or deleting items, in groups rather than individually. This can significantly reduce the number of clicks and time required to complete the task.\n*   **Keyboard shortcuts**: Provide keyboard shortcuts for common actions, enabling users to perform tasks without using a mouse or touch interactions. This can be particularly helpful for power users or users with accessibility needs.\n\nBy automating acts of repetition in your design, you can enhance the user experience, reduce frustration and improve overall satisfaction. Be mindful of your users' needs, analyze the repetitive tasks they may encounter, and implement effective automation techniques to create a seamless, efficient, and enjoyable experience.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "y6CqgqTvOt-LrvTnPJkQQ": {
+    "title": "Make or Change Habits",
+    "description": "Making or changing habits is an essential aspect of UX design that focuses on helping users adopt new behaviors and patterns. In order to create a lasting impact, designers need to implement strategies that will facilitate the formation or modification of habits for users. Below, we've outlined some key components to consider when creating or changing habits in UX design.\n\n*   **Identify user goals and barriers**: First and foremost, determine the end goal of your users and identify any obstacles that may inhibit them from achieving their desired outcome. By addressing these barriers through design, you can help users overcome challenges and form new habits.\n    \n*   **Utilize triggers**: Triggers, or prompts, can be incorporated into a design to remind users to take specific actions. These can be visual (e.g., a button), auditory (e.g., a notification sound), or contextual (e.g., a reminder based on time or location). Including triggers in your design can improve habit formation for users.\n    \n*   **Simplify the process**: Break down complex tasks or goals into smaller, more manageable steps to make it easier for users to form new habits. This way, users will feel less overwhelmed and will be more likely to stick to the desired behavior.\n    \n*   **Incorporate feedback and rewards**: Positive reinforcement is a powerful tool that can be used to encourage new habits. Provide users with immediate feedback on their progress and offer rewards (e.g., badges, points, etc.) for completing tasks or achieving goals. This will motivate users and help them stay engaged with your product.\n    \n*   **Leverage social influence**: Humans are social creatures by nature; we tend to follow the behaviors and trends of our peers. Incorporate social elements into your design to promote healthy competition and create a sense of community among users, further incentivizing them to form new habits.\n    \n*   **Iterate and improve**: Finally, always strive for improvement by continuously analyzing and iterating on your designs. Gather user feedback to identify areas where users may be struggling to form or maintain new habits, adjusting your design accordingly.\n    \n\nBy understanding the principles of habit formation and incorporating these strategies into your UX design process, you can help users adopt new behaviors more easily and create lasting change.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "S2TgqNDjvmcJTaXncM09u": {
+    "title": "Help user Avoiding the Cue",
+    "description": "In UX design, it's important to understand the existing behaviors and habits of your users. One aspect of this process is helping users avoid the cues that trigger unwanted or unnecessary actions. Cues are the signals or prompts that lead users to perform specific behaviors. By identifying and mitigating these cues, you can effectively guide users to have a more streamlined and efficient user experience.\n\nHere are some strategies to help users avoid the cue:\n\n*   **Identify the cue**: The first step is to recognize the cues that lead to unwanted behaviors. This can be achieved by observing users, conducting usability testing or through user feedback.\n    \n*   **Remove the cue**: Once the cue is identified, remove or minimize it to prevent users from performing the undesired action. This could be achieved by redesigning the interface, altering the layout or adjusting the visual hierarchy of elements.\n    \n*   **Provide alternatives**: Offer alternative actions or paths for users to take in order to achieve their goal without encountering the unwanted cue. Make sure these alternatives are easily accessible and have clear call-to-action elements.\n    \n*   **Educate users**: Sometimes, simply removing a cue isn't enough. In these cases, it's important to educate your users about the new optimal way to perform a task. This can be done through in-app guides, tutorial videos or tooltips.\n    \n*   **Monitor user behavior**: Continuously assess user behavior and feedback to ensure that the unwanted cues are no longer causing problems. Be prepared to make further adjustments if necessary, and consider implementing A/B testing to optimize your solution.\n    \n\nBy helping users avoid unwanted cues, you'll create a more seamless user experience, leading to increased user satisfaction and a more effective product overall.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "_C-55tciBzc6_Kyk6272k": {
+    "title": "Replace the Routine",
+    "description": "In the UX design process, understanding and working with existing user behavior is crucial. One key aspect of this is the concept of \"replace the routine\". This involves observing and analyzing the current habits and routines of your users, and then designing your product around it.\n\nReplacing the routine in UX design is about finding more efficient, delightful, and engaging ways for users to complete their tasks. You should not look to force a completely new set of behaviors upon your users but instead improve their experience by offering a better alternative to their existing habits.\n\nConsider the following points when replacing the routine:\n\n*   **Understand the user's context**: Study the users’ life cycle and create personas to better comprehend their . This helps you identify their preferences, pain points, and habits, which in turn enables the creation of a meaningful and effective design.\n    \n*   **Identify the existing routine**: Analyze the current habits and routines of your users. What are the steps they are used to taking in order to complete the task? This information will be vital in designing a product that smoothly replaces their existing routine with an improved one.\n    \n*   **Design an improved routine**: Create a new user flow that achieves the same goal but in a manner that is more efficient, simpler, and more intuitive for the user. This new routine should leverage the knowledge you have gained about your users and their preferences.\n    \n*   **Test the new routine**: The importance of usability testing cannot be overstated. Validate your design by having real users test it out, and gather feedback to identify any areas that can be further optimized. Ensure that the new routine actually improves upon the existing one and doesn't create any new confusion.\n    \n*   **Iterate and refine**: UX design is an ongoing process. Continuously refine and optimize the new routine based on the user feedback and changing user behavior trends.\n    \n\nBy adopting the \"replace the routine\" approach in your UX design, you can provide your users with a better experience that aligns with their existing behaviors, while also introducing new efficiencies and possibilities. Doing so increases user satisfaction, promotes adoption, and ultimately leads to happier, loyal users.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "0MbrHG-VDrdZqQ0jWtiDo": {
+    "title": "Use Consciousness to Intefere",
+    "description": "In UX design, understanding the existing behavior of users is essential to create a seamless and efficient user experience. One way to obtain this understanding is through the concept of \"use consciousness to interfere.\" This method involves taking a conscious and deliberate approach to observing and analyzing user behavior, in order to identify problems or areas of improvement, and then designing solutions based on these insights.\n\nHere's a brief summary of how to use consciousness to interfere in UX design:\n\n*   **Observation**: Start by observing users in their natural environment, using your product or interacting with similar products. This will give you valuable insight into their habits, preferences, and challenges.\n    \n*   **Analysis**: Next, analyze the data you've collected from your observations. Identify patterns, problems, and opportunities for improvement. This might involve breaking down tasks into smaller components, examining specific user flows, or comparing different user groups.\n    \n*   **Empathy**: Develop a deep empathy for your users, understanding their needs, problems, and motivations. This will help you prioritize features and improvements, and design solutions that genuinely address their needs.\n    \n*   **Experimentation**: Generate multiple ideas and possible solutions based on your analysis and empathic understanding of users. Test these ideas through rapid prototyping and user testing to get feedback and iterate on your designs.\n    \n*   **Measure Impact**: Continuously measure the impact of your design changes by monitoring user behavior and key performance indicators (KPIs). This will help you understand the effectiveness of your interventions and inform future design decisions.\n    \n\nBy using consciousness to interfere in the UX design process, you gain a deeper understanding of user behavior, enabling you to create more intuitive, engaging, and effective user experiences.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "d1dXGCHmMF2EFpL5yKVJA": {
+    "title": "Mindfulness to Avoid Acting on the Cue",
+    "description": "Mindfulness is a powerful technique that can help designers and users alike to avoid acting on the cues that trigger unwanted behaviors. Mindfulness practices can strengthen one's self-awareness and self-regulation skills, allowing individuals to recognize cues and make more conscious decisions about their actions.\n\nHow to practice mindfulness in UX design\n----------------------------------------\n\n*   **Be present:** When designing or using a product, focus on the task at hand and avoid multitasking. By fully engaging in the moment, you'll be more aware of the cues that may trigger unwanted behaviors.\n    \n*   **Observe without judgment:** Take note of any compulsions or urges that arise while interacting with a product, but don't judge them as good or bad. Simply acknowledging their existence can help you understand your responses and make better choices in the future.\n    \n*   **Pause and reflect:** When you notice a cue, take a moment to pause and evaluate your options. Consider whether the action you're about to take is aligned with your goals or if it's something you'd like to change.\n    \n*   **Respond with intention:** Once you've reflected on your options, make a conscious decision about your next action. This may mean going through with the original behavior, choosing a more desirable alternative, or refraining from acting entirely.\n    \n\nIncorporating mindfulness techniques into your designs\n------------------------------------------------------\n\nIn addition to practicing mindfulness personally, consider how you can create designs that encourage users to be more mindful and avoid acting on unwanted cues.\n\n*   **Design for minimal distractions:** Aim to reduce visual clutter, unnecessary alerts, and anything that might pull users' attention away from the present moment.\n    \n*   **Provide clear action cues:** Make sure that cues for desired actions are clear and easy to understand, allowing users to make more conscious decisions about their actions.\n    \n*   **Support user reflection:** Consider incorporating features that prompt users to reflect on their actions, such as goal-setting or progress tracking tools, which can encourage more mindful decision-making.\n    \n\nBy fostering mindfulness in both your design process and your end product, you can create UX experiences that help users better navigate their interactions with technology, avoiding unwanted behaviors and promoting healthier habits.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "B0gg7Z5JL9m9Srb89KcN5": {
+    "title": "Crowd Out Old Habit with New Behavior",
+    "description": "One of the most effective ways to change users' existing behavior and improve their experience with your product is by replacing old habits with new ones. This method involves identifying the actions and habits that users currently perform and finding ways to replace them with more efficient, healthy, or enjoyable behaviors.\n\nIdentifying Old Habits\n----------------------\n\nFirst, start by observing and researching how users interact with your product or a similar product to understand their current behavior. This can be done through user interviews, surveys, or by analyzing collected usage data. Try to identify the habits that are no longer useful, might be frustrating or time-consuming, or can be significantly improved.\n\nDesigning New Behaviors\n-----------------------\n\nAfter identifying the habits that need to be replaced, focus on designing new behaviors that are more efficient, enjoyable or beneficial to users. To do this, consider employing the following strategies:\n\n*   Make the new behavior simple: Ensure the new behavior is easy to understand and perform so that users can naturally adopt it.\n*   Use visual cues: Incorporate visual cues in your design to subtly remind users of the new behavior they should perform.\n*   Positive reinforcement: Encourage users to adopt the new behavior by providing feedback, rewards or incentives.\n*   Progressive onboarding: Gradually introduce users to the new behavior, giving them sufficient time to adjust and understand its benefits.\n\nImplementation and Testing\n--------------------------\n\nOnce you have designed the new behavior, it's time to implement it in your product and test its effectiveness. This testing can be done through A/B testing, focus groups, or beta users who can provide valuable feedback.\n\nMonitor user behavior and analyze data to determine if the new behavior is successfully replacing the old habit. If needed, iterate on your design to make necessary improvements, and continue tracking user behavior until the new habit is well-established.\n\nIn summary, crowding out old habits with new behaviors is an effective method of improving user experience in your product. By identifying existing behaviors that need change, designing new habits that are beneficial to users, and constantly testing and iterating, you can ensure a successful transition for your users and an overall improved UX.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "w_QWN80zCf1tsVROeyuvo": {
+    "title": "Behavior Change Strategies",
+    "description": "Behavior change strategies are techniques that aim to help users adopt new behaviors or break existing ones to achieve specific goals, such as healthier lifestyles or improved productivity. In UX design, these strategies are applied to design elements and features within digital products or services to motivate and support users in making lasting changes in their actions.\n\nHere are some key behavior change strategies often employed in UX design:\n\n*   **Goal Setting:** Asking users to set specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound (SMART) goals can help them focus their efforts and track their progress.\n    \n*   **Feedback and Rewards:** Providing users with real-time feedback on their progress and rewarding them with positive reinforcement (e.g., badges or points) can increase motivation and engagement.\n    \n*   **Social Comparisons:** Facilitating comparisons between users or groups can tap into social influence and normative pressure, encouraging behavior change through competition or collaboration.\n    \n*   **Reminders and Prompts:** Sending timely reminders or prompts can help reinforce desired behaviors by making them more salient and top of mind.\n    \n*   **Choice Architecture:** Structuring the presentation of options, defaults, and information can nudge users towards better decisions without restricting their freedom of choice.\n    \n*   **Modeling and Stories:** Demonstrating desired behaviors through role models, cases, testimonials or stories can provide inspiration and social proof that change is possible and desirable.\n    \n*   **Progressive Disclosure:** Gradually introducing advanced features, content or challenges can help users build their skills and confidence, preventing them from feeling overwhelmed or disengaged.\n    \n*   **Personalization and Tailoring:** Customizing content or recommendations based on a user's preferences, history or characteristics can make interventions more relevant and effective.\n    \n\nBy incorporating these behavior change strategies in your UX design, you improve the chances of users successfully adopting the desired behaviors, which can ultimately lead to a more positive and effective user experience.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "q1WX2Cp4k4-o1T1vgL8FH": {
+    "title": "Understanding the Product",
+    "description": "Before diving into UX design, it's crucial to have a thorough understanding of the product you're working on. This doesn't only mean understanding its core features and functionalities, but also being aware of the underlying business goals and the target audience.\n\nKey Components of Understanding the Product\n-------------------------------------------\n\n*   **Business Goals:** Understand the objectives and goals of the company or client for whom you're designing. Are they looking to increase their user base, boost sales, or provide a seamless experience? Knowing the goals will shape your design decisions and ensure that your UX design aligns with the company's vision.\n    \n*   **Target Audience:** Clearly identify the target audience or user persona for the product. Understand their demographics, pain points, and preferences. This insight will help you design an experience tailored to their needs and expectations, resulting in higher engagement and satisfaction.\n    \n*   **User Journey:** Map out the user journey for the product, from the initial point of contact to their ultimate goal. This process will help you identify areas where users might encounter difficulties or confusion, and it will provide you with a blueprint for crafting a smooth user flow.\n    \n*   **Competitor Analysis:** Evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of competitors' products to identify opportunities for differentiation and improvement, as well as to glean inspiration from successful or innovative designs.\n    \n*   **Brand Consistency:** Familiarize yourself with the company's brand identity, including colors, fonts, and themes. It's important that your design aligns with the brand in order to create a cohesive and recognizable user experience.\n    \n\nStrategies for Understanding the Product\n----------------------------------------\n\n*   **Interview Stakeholders:** Engage with stakeholders, such as product managers and business owners, to gain insights into their goals, requirements, and expectations for the project.\n*   **User Research:** Conduct user interviews, surveys, or focus groups to gather information on user needs, pain points, and preferences.\n*   **Involve Users in Design:** Involve users in the design process through activities like participatory design or usability testing, where users can provide feedback on prototypes and designs.\n*   **Stay Updated on Industry Trends:** Keep yourself informed on current trends in UX design and technology to ensure your design remains relevant and up-to-date.\n\nBy investing time in understanding the product from the business, user, and competition perspectives, you'll be better equipped to create a successful and impactful UX design.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "7J8F9dn1jGaVlhLVVRPrG": {
+    "title": "Target Outcome",
+    "description": "The target outcome is a clear, measurable, and time-bound objective that your product aims to achieve. It defines the desired results for your users and becomes the focal point for the entire product design process. A well-defined target outcome ensures that your UX design is aligned with your users' needs and your business goals.\n\nHere are a few key elements to consider when defining your target outcome:\n\n*   **User needs**: Focus on the main problems and needs your users have, and how your product can address them. It's crucial that your target outcome is directly linked to user satisfaction.\n    \n*   **Specific and measurable**: Your target outcome should be specific enough to guide your design decisions and measurable, so you can assess whether you've achieved the desired results. For example, instead of aiming for \"improving user engagement,\" a target outcome could be \"increase the average time spent on the app by 10% within 3 months.\"\n    \n*   **Realistic**: Your target outcome should be achievable given your current resources, team, and product. Setting overly ambitious objectives may lead to frustration and a lack of focus in your design process.\n    \n*   **Time-bound**: Establish a clear timeline for achieving your target outcome. A deadline helps keep the team focused and on track and allows you to evaluate your progress along the way.\n    \n\nTo sum up, defining a clear target outcome is a critical step in the UX design process, as it guides decision-making and helps ensure that your product delivers true value to your users. By focusing on user needs, making your target outcome specific and measurable, setting realistic goals, and establishing a timeline, you can ensure that your product's UX design is aligned with both user needs and business objectives.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "FRn2MaR0-ehSD3zmwXcCI": {
+    "title": "Target Actor",
+    "description": "A **Target Actor** refers to the specific user or group of users for whom a product or service is designed to cater. These users have particular needs, goals, and expectations from the product, and understanding their characteristics is essential for creating a UX design that provides them with an optimal user experience. The term is often used interchangeably with \"target audience\" or \"user persona.\"\n\nWhen designing for a target actor, it is crucial to consider the following factors:\n\n*   **Demographics**: Age, gender, education, occupation, and location play a significant role in determining user preferences and behavior. These factors help designers create a relatable and appropriate user experience.\n    \n*   **Psychographics**: This refers to the psychological aspects of the target actor, such as their attitudes, motivations, and personality traits. Understanding these aspects helps designers align the product with users' mental models and expectations.\n    \n*   **Goals and Pain Points**: Identifying the problems target actors face and their goals helps designers create solutions that address their specific needs. This information also helps in prioritizing features and functionalities within the product.\n    \n*   **Technology proficiency**: Users' familiarity with devices and applications greatly impacts their expectations and behavior while using a product. Designers must take into account their target actor's proficiency with technology to ensure a smooth and frustration-free user experience.\n    \n\nTo effectively design for target actors, user research methods such as interviews, surveys, and usability tests can be employed to gather data and insights. This information helps designers create accurate user personas and make informed design decisions tailored to the needs of the target actors. By keeping the target actors at the forefront throughout the design process, you will ultimately create a more satisfying and successful product experience.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "AXn-N15U_z4OagClNoXrW": {
+    "title": "Target Action",
+    "description": "Target action is a fundamental concept in designing user experiences that focuses on the primary goal a user wants to achieve while interacting with your product. It refers to the specific action or task users are aiming to complete, which helps them solve their problem or fulfill a need.\n\nUnderstanding the target action helps you create a more streamlined and effective design by optimizing the interface, elements, and navigation around users' primary goals. Here are the key aspects of target action:\n\n*   **Identify the Target Users:** To begin with, know your audience. Consider demographics, interests, and behaviors to get a clear picture of who your target users are. This will help you align the product design with users' needs and expectations.\n    \n*   **Determine User Goals:** Understand what users want to achieve with your product. Analyze their needs, preferences, pain points, and habits to identify their primary goals.\n    \n*   **Establish Clear Actions:** Based on user goals, determine the most critical actions they need to perform within your product. Simplify these actions by making them clear, obvious, and easy to access.\n    \n*   **Design for Success:** Prioritize target actions in your design. Focus on providing a clear path and guiding users towards attaining their goals by emphasizing essential elements, simplifying decision-making, and minimizing distractions.\n    \n*   **Validate with Testing:** Verify whether your design indeed supports users in achieving their target actions by conducting usability tests. Gather user feedback, analyze the results, and iterate the design until users can effortlessly complete their primary goals.\n    \n\nBy incorporating the target action concept in your UX design process, you'll be able to create a more intuitive and user-centric product that effectively addresses users' primary goals and maximizes user satisfaction.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "s2KJ5kNv9UcnsP0QKIKQ7": {
+    "title": "Create User Personas",
+    "description": "User personas are fictional representations of your target users, created to help you understand their needs, behaviors, and goals. They are essential in UX design as they help your team stay focused on user needs and maintain empathy for the user throughout the design process. Here's a brief overview of how to create user personas:\n\n*   **Gather User Data**: Conduct user research through methods such as interviews, surveys, and observations to collect data about your target users. This will provide you with valuable insights and help you identify patterns in user behavior.\n    \n*   **Identify Key Characteristics**: Analyze the collected data to identify common characteristics, such as demographics, goals, motivations, and pain points. These characteristics will form the foundation of your personas.\n    \n*   **Create Persona Profiles**: Based on the identified characteristics, create 3-5 distinct user personas. Each persona should have a name, a picture (to help humanize them), and details such as age, occupation, background, and a brief description of their typical day.\n    \n*   **Define User Goals and Scenarios**: List the primary, secondary, and tertiary goals of each persona, along with realistic scenarios in which they interact with your product or service. This will help you understand how different users approach your product and what they expect from it.\n    \n*   **Share and Refine**: Share your personas with your team and gather feedback. Make any necessary changes to ensure that the personas accurately represent your target users.\n    \n\nRemember, user personas are not static, and should be updated as you gather more user data and insights. Keep them in mind throughout the design process, and always consider their needs and goals when making design decisions.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "SGO9hHju49_py0n0ASGBe": {
+    "title": "Business Model Canvas",
+    "description": "The **Business Model Canvas** is a strategic management and visual representation tool that allows you to describe, design, challenge, and pivot your existing business model. Developed by Alexander Osterwalder and Yves Pigneur, it helps organizations to understand how they create, deliver, and capture value. The canvas is divided into nine building blocks, which represent the essential elements of a business model:\n\n*   **Customer Segments (CS):** These are the target groups your business aims to serve, such as specific users, organizations, or market segments.\n*   **Value Propositions (VP):** The unique combinations of products and services that create value for your customer segments. It describes the reasons why customers choose your product or service over your competitors'.\n*   **Channels (CH):** The means by which your company communicates, delivers, and distributes its value propositions to the customers. This block includes both physical (e.g., stores) and virtual (e.g., online) channels.\n*   **Customer Relationships (CR):** The type of relationships your business establishes and maintains with its customer segments, such as personal assistance, self-service, or automated services.\n*   **Revenue Streams (RS):** The ways in which your company generates revenue from each customer segment, such as through sales, subscriptions, or advertising fees.\n*   **Key Resources (KR):** The most important assets needed to make your business model work, including physical, financial, intellectual, and human resources.\n*   **Key Activities (KA):** The primary actions your company must perform to deliver its value propositions, reach its customer segments, and maintain customer relationships. These can involve production, problem-solving, or service provision.\n*   **Key Partnerships (KP):** The network of suppliers, partners, and allies that help your business execute its key activities, optimize resources, and reduce risks.\n*   **Cost Structure (CS):** The major expenses associated with operating your business model, such as fixed and variable costs, economies of scale, and cost advantages.\n\nWhen designing or analyzing an existing business model, the Business Model Canvas enables you to visually map out all these critical components and understand how they are interconnected. By understanding your current business model, you can identify weaknesses, opportunities for improvement, and potential pivots to enhance the overall user experience and the success of the business.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "sc8jJ_77CrkQuxIJYk28Q": {
+    "title": "Lean Canvas",
+    "description": "Lean Canvas is a streamlined, single-page approach to visualizing the essential components of a business model. It was developed by Ash Maurya as an adaptation of the Business Model Canvas, with a focus on helping startups and entrepreneurs quickly develop and communicate their business ideas. Lean Canvas helps you define your Unique Value Proposition (UVP), identify your target customers, and outline your strategy. Let's go through its key components:\n\nProblem\n-------\n\nStart by identifying the main problems your product aims to solve. Be specific, and try to focus on the most pressing issues faced by your target customers.\n\nCustomer Segments\n-----------------\n\nDefine your target audience. Be as specific as possible, describing the types of customers who would benefit most from your product or service.\n\nUnique Value Proposition (UVP)\n------------------------------\n\nClearly articulate the unique value your product or service offers to your target customers. Your UVP should be distinctive and competitive, differentiating you from other solutions in the market.\n\nSolution\n--------\n\nList the key features, functionalities, or aspects of your product that address the identified problems, and align with your UVP.\n\nChannels\n--------\n\nOutline the various methods through which you plan to reach your target customers, such as social media, search engine optimization (SEO), email campaigns, or paid advertising.\n\nRevenue Streams\n---------------\n\nIdentify the ways you plan to generate income from your product or service. This could include sales, subscriptions, sponsorships, affiliate partnerships, or other revenue-generating channels.\n\nCost Structure\n--------------\n\nList your main costs and expenses associated with building, launching, and maintaining your product, including development, marketing, operations, and support.\n\nKey Metrics\n-----------\n\nDetermine the indicators you'll use to track your performance and gauge the success of your product. Metrics could include sales, user engagement, customer satisfaction, or any other relevant success indicators.\n\nUnfair Advantage\n----------------\n\nIdentify and describe any unfair advantages your product or business may have over your competitors. This could include unique expertise, proprietary technology, or strategic partnerships.\n\nBy completing a Lean Canvas, you'll have a clear and concise overview of your business model, allowing you to refine your concept, focus on what matters most, and communicate your vision to team members, investors, and customers. It's a powerful tool that can be an excellent starting point for any entrepreneur or startup looking to create a successful UX design.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "GI06-DbGyJlQXq5Tyi-aH": {
+    "title": "Business Model Inspirator",
+    "description": "A Business Model Inspirator is a tool or method that helps you to generate new or creative ideas for the strategic, operational, and financial aspects of a business. It helps entrepreneurs, startups, and established companies to explore different ways of designing or improving their business models by drawing inspiration from various sources.\n\nSome key aspects of Business Model Inspirators include:\n\n*   **Analyze Successful Models**: Look at successful companies from diverse industries to identify the core elements that made their business models successful. Understanding these elements can spark ideas for your own business model.\n    \n*   **Cross-Pollination**: Combine elements from various industries and business models to create an innovative approach that suits your specific domain. This process can lead to the development of a unique value proposition and competitive advantage.\n    \n*   **Experimentation**: Test different ideas to find the most feasible and scalable business model by iteratively prototyping, validating, and refining the model based on user/client feedback.\n    \n*   **Futuristic Thinking**: Stay aware of emerging trends, technologies, and structural changes in society that might affect your industry or target market. Use foresight to adapt your business model to future opportunities and challenges.\n    \n*   **Adaptability**: Be ready to pivot or evolve your business model based on changing market dynamics, user preferences, competitive forces, and other external factors. Developing a flexible business model is crucial to ensure long-term success and sustainability.\n    \n\nImplementing a Business Model Inspirator can contribute to the creation of a more innovative and robust UX design, ultimately leading to enhanced customer experiences, increased revenue, and long-term success for your brand.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "HUZ5n2MRHzQPyjwX2h6Q4": {
+    "title": "Competitor Analysis",
+    "description": "**Competitor Analysis**\n\nCompetitor analysis is a crucial part of UX design, especially when dealing with new business models. It involves evaluating your competitors within your industry, understanding their strategies, strengths, and weaknesses, and comparing them with your own offerings.\n\nBy conducting a thorough competitor analysis, you can gain valuable insights into the market and potentially discover opportunities to differentiate yourself from the competition. Here's a brief overview of how to perform a competitor analysis:\n\n*   **Identify your competitors:** Start by listing all the companies that offer a similar product or service within your target market. This may include direct competitors (who offer similar products and services) and indirect competitors (who offer alternative solutions to the same problem).\n    \n*   **Analyze their products and services:** Investigate your competitors' products and services by studying their features, benefits, and user experiences. Look for any gaps in their offerings or areas where you might have an advantage.\n    \n*   **Study their websites and apps:** Evaluate your competitors' digital platforms, such as their websites, mobile apps, or software. Assess their usability, visual design, content, and overall user experience.\n    \n*   **Evaluate their marketing strategies:** Analyze their communication channels and promotional activities, such as email campaigns, social media presence, and content marketing efforts. Take note of any strategies that seem particularly successful or unique.\n    \n*   **Examine customer reviews and feedback:** Collect and analyze customer reviews and feedback from popular review platforms, social media, and forums. This information can help you understand common pain points and areas for improvement in your competitors’ offerings.\n    \n*   **Identify opportunities and niches:** Based on your research, identify weaknesses in your competitors' strategies or markets, where potential opportunities exist for your business to be successful.\n    \n*   **Benchmark your own offerings:** Compare your products and services with those of your competitors. Identify your unique selling points and assess if your offerings cater to the needs of your target audience in a way that sets you apart from the competition.\n    \n\nRemember that competitor analysis is not a one-time task. Instead, it should be an ongoing process that helps you stay up-to-date with the trends and changes within your industry, allowing you to make informed decisions about your UX design and overall business strategy.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "F9gpGTRwXq08jNo5pPKm6": {
+    "title": "Five Forces Model",
+    "description": "**Five Forces Model**\n\nThe _Five Forces Model_ is a strategic framework developed by Harvard Business School professor Michael Porter. It is designed to analyze the competitive environment and help businesses understand the factors that influence competition, profitability, and overall industry attractiveness. This model is essential in UX design as it helps you identify opportunities, make informed decisions, and ultimately design products that satisfy users' needs and preferences.\n\nThe Five Forces Model consists of five components:\n\n*   **Competitive Rivalry:** This component addresses the intensity of competition among existing competitors within the industry. Factors affecting competitive rivalry include the number of competitors, diversity of competitors, the level of growth and demand, and barriers to exit. Knowing your competitors is crucial in UX design, as it guides you in creating features and improvements that build a competitive edge.\n    \n*   **Threat of New Entrants:** The possibility of new entrants entering the market impacts the competitive landscape. This force is determined by factors such as capital requirements, economies of scale, switching costs, and access to distribution channels. To remain competitive as a UX designer, you must continuously gauge potential threats and evolve your strategy to create and maintain a unique value proposition.\n    \n*   **Threat of Substitutes:** This force examines how easily users can switch between products or services that offer similar benefits. Factors affecting the threat of substitutions include the availability of alternatives, the price-performance ratio, and the perceived level of product differentiation. It is crucial to understand these factors and design your product in a manner that sets it apart, making it difficult for users to find substitutes.\n    \n*   **Bargaining Power of Suppliers:** This component evaluates the influence suppliers have over the price and quality of goods and services in your industry. Factors impacting bargaining power include the number of suppliers, availability of substitute inputs, brand strength, and cost structure. In UX design, it's essential to consider how the supplier landscape impacts product development and identify ways to work closely with suppliers to create valuable partnerships.\n    \n*   **Bargaining Power of Buyers:** Lastly, this force examines the degree of control customers have over your product's price, features, and overall quality. Factors that affect buyer power include market size, consumer information availability, product differentiation, and price sensitivity. In UX design, it's crucial to align your product with user expectations and preferences, ensuring they perceive it as valuable and are less likely to seek alternatives.\n    \n\nTo effectively use the _Five Forces Model_ in UX design, it's essential to research and understand these forces in your industry, act on insights, and continually reassess your position as the competitive landscape evolves. By doing so, you'll create a robust and sustainable UX strategy that satisfies both user needs and market demands.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "XiEn1OGFY1bMCoB0Pk8N_": {
+    "title": "SWOT Analysis",
+    "description": "A SWOT analysis is a useful tool for assessing the strategic position of a company or product. It stands for:\n\n*   **Strengths**: Identify the internal factors that give an advantage over the competition. Examples include a strong brand presence, skilled workforce, or access to unique resources.\n*   **Weaknesses**: These are internal factors that may hinder your business growth or success. Examples include limited resources, outdated technology, or poor management.\n*   **Opportunities**: These are external factors that can be seized to grow or improve the business. Examples include an expanding market, technological advancements, or potential partnerships.\n*   **Threats**: These are external factors that may negatively impact the business, such as competitors, government regulation, or economic instability.\n\nPerforming a SWOT analysis can help you identify and prioritize the areas that need improvement, capitalize on opportunities, and address significant threats before they become a crisis. This analysis not only provides valuable insights into your current situation but also helps you prepare for the future by assessing risks and potential areas for growth.\n\nTo ensure a comprehensive SWOT analysis, follow these steps:\n\n*   **Gather Relevant Information**: Begin by collecting data on internal strengths and weaknesses, such as financial performance and organizational structure. For the external analysis, examine market trends, competitor strategies, and other factors impacting the business environment.\n*   **Notable Factors**: List down factors impacting your business's performance and classify them under strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats.\n*   **Evaluate and Prioritize**: Assess the importance of each item within the SWOT matrix, considering both its impact on the business and the resources required to address it.\n*   **Develop Strategies**: Use the SWOT results to create effective strategies that leverage strengths, address weaknesses, capitalize on opportunities, and mitigate threats.\n*   **Monitor Progress**: Continuously track the progress of your strategies, assessing their effectiveness and updating the SWOT analysis as required.\n\nIn summary, a SWOT analysis can serve as an excellent starting point in creating a robust UX design strategy. By understanding the internal and external factors influencing your business, you can make informed decisions while designing user experiences that resonate with your target audience and promote business growth.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "r6D07cN0Mg4YXsiRSrl1_": {
+    "title": "Conceptual Design",
+    "description": "Conceptual design, often referred to as the \"big idea\" phase, is a fundamental step in the UX design process. It entails creating and defining an overarching concept, vision, or framework for a product or service.\n\nIn this stage, designers focus on gathering information, understanding the problem, and generating ideas that will guide the overall user experience. This includes defining goals, needs, and target users, as well as considering the broader context in which the solution will exist. The output should be a clear and concise direction for future design work and development.\n\nKey components of conceptual design include:\n\n*   **Problem Definition**: Identify and describe the core problem or challenge that your design aims to address. This should include insights from user research, business objectives, and a clear design goal.\n    \n*   **User Personas and Scenarios**: Develop representative user personas, providing demographic and behavioral information to help understand target user needs, motivations, and goals. Scenarios can then be created to illustrate how users might interact with the proposed solution in various contexts.\n    \n*   **Information Architecture**: Define the high-level structure of the product or service, organizing content and features in a way that is easy for users to understand and navigate. This helps ensure that information is presented clearly and consistently throughout the experience.\n    \n*   **Sketches and Wireframes**: Create rough sketches or wireframes to visualize key aspects of the user interface and explore various design alternatives. These early prototypes can help identify potential issues and guide future design decisions.\n    \n*   **Design Principles and Guidelines**: Establish a set of high-level principles and guidelines that will shape the design and serve as a foundation for further development. This may include aesthetic and functional criteria, as well as ensuring accessibility and usability.\n    \n*   **Iteration**: Continually refine and iterate on the initial concept, using feedback from user testing and stakeholder input to make informed design adjustments. This iterative approach allows for flexibility and adaptability as the project progresses.\n    \n\nUltimately, the goal of conceptual design is to create a coherent and engaging vision that meets user needs and aligns with business objectives. By investing time and effort into this foundational stage, designers can lay the groundwork for a successful and enjoyable user experience.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "tkbkpvHlWQeOnReanR8J7": {
+    "title": "User Stories",
+    "description": "User stories are an essential component of UX design, particularly during the process of creating a product backlog. They help to ensure that a product is designed with the end-user in mind, by capturing their needs, desires, and goals in a simple, concise format. In this section, we will explore what user stories are, why they are important, and how to create them.\n\nWhat are User Stories?\n----------------------\n\nA user story is a brief, informal description of a specific user's need or interaction with a product. They are written from the perspective of the user and typically follow this format:\n\n    As a [type of user], I want to [perform an action or achieve a goal] so that [reason or benefit].\n    \n\nFor example: As a busy parent, I want to be able to quickly find activities for my children in my local area, so that I can keep them entertained without spending hours searching the web.\n\nWhy are User Stories Important?\n-------------------------------\n\nUser stories serve several crucial functions in the UX design process:\n\n*   **Empathy**: By writing user stories, designers and product managers can better empathize with the users they are designing for, ultimately leading to more user-centered design decisions.\n*   **Communication**: User stories are an effective way to communicate the needs, goals, and concerns of target users to stakeholders, developers, and other team members.\n*   **Prioritization**: By considering user stories during the creation of a product backlog, teams can more effectively prioritize features and elements of the product that align with user needs.\n*   **Validation**: User stories provide a useful benchmark for validating design concepts and evaluating the effectiveness of the final product in meeting the needs of its users.\n\nHow to Create User Stories\n--------------------------\n\nWhen creating user stories, it is essential to keep the end-users in mind. Follow these steps to create effective user stories:\n\n*   **Identify User Personas**: Start by identifying the various user personas that will be interacting with your product. Consider their unique characteristics, needs, and goals.\n*   **Clarify Needs**: For each persona, clarify the specific needs that they have in relation to your product. Consider how your product will help them achieve their goals or fulfill their needs.\n*   **Write User Stories**: Using the provided format, write user stories that explicitly capture the needs of your identified personas. Be concise, clear, and specific.\n*   **Review and Refine**: Review the user stories with your team and stakeholders to ensure they accurately reflect user needs and goals. Refine them as necessary to maintain focus and clarity.\n\nIn conclusion, user stories are a powerful tool for creating a user-centered, empathetic design process. By effectively capturing user needs and goals, user stories help to guide product development and ensure that the final product is tailored to the end-users' desires.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "QNJ-LxfYtR8lbnmuy2Qm9": {
+    "title": "In general, keep it short and simple",
+    "description": "The principle of \"Keep it short and simple\" (also known as the KISS principle) is an essential aspect of UX design. It is about creating user interfaces and product designs that are easy to understand, navigate and interact with, while minimizing unnecessary elements and complexities.\n\nHere are a few tips to implement the KISS principle in your UX design process:\n\n*   **Simplicity**: Limit the number of elements on the screen, and have a clear, straightforward layout. This makes it easier for users to focus on important information and reduces cognitive load.\n    \n*   **Clear Hierarchies**: Categorize and group information logically, making sure that the most essential information is presented first. This helps users quickly understand the structure of your content.\n    \n*   **Minimal Clicks**: Aim to provide the shortest possible path for users to achieve their goal. Evaluate and eliminate any unnecessary steps or clicks to make the overall experience smooth and hassle-free.\n    \n*   **Consistency**: Keep key design elements and interactions consistent across your interface. This enables users to recognize patterns and anticipate behavior, which in turn makes it easier for them to learn and interact with your product.\n    \n*   **Content**: Write easy-to-understand and concise content that clearly communicates your message. Avoid jargon, and use clear language that is appropriate for your target audience.\n    \n*   **Visual Clarity**: Use simple and clean visual elements, such as icons, typography, and color schemes. Make sure your designs are legible and visually appealing without adding unnecessary clutter.\n    \n*   **Feedback**: Provide clear and timely feedback to users about the results of their actions. This helps them understand if they're on the right track or if they need to course-correct.\n    \n\nBy following the KISS principle, you can create a more efficient and enjoyable user experience, ultimately leading to increased user satisfaction and higher conversion rates.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "vAu2c45c7DgoRydHR2tvD": {
+    "title": "Make it easy to understand and complete",
+    "description": "In UX design, the key to creating a great user experience is making it easy for users to navigate, understand, and interact with your product or interface. Here are some important aspects to keep in mind while designing with the \"Make It Easy\" principle:\n\n*   **Clarity**: Keep the design and layout clean, with clear fonts and a simple interface. Avoid using too many different colors or elements that can clutter the screen and make it difficult for users to focus on their tasks.\n    \n*   **Consistency**: Keep a consistent design throughout the interface, by maintaining a standard pattern for elements, buttons, and symbols. This helps users understand the flow of your interface and what they need to do next.\n    \n*   **Intuitive Navigation**: Keep the navigation structure clear and easy to understand. Avoid using confusing labels or having too many layers of navigation that can make it difficult for users to find what they're looking for.\n    \n*   **Efficient Interaction**: Minimize the steps required to complete a task. Ensure that the user doesn't have to go through unnecessary steps or provide unnecessary input to achieve their goal.\n    \n*   **Error Prevention**: Help users minimize the chances of making errors by designing for error prevention. This can include things like disabling actions that aren't allowed, providing clear and concise instructions, or implementing user-friendly input fields.\n    \n*   **Flexibility**: Provide multiple ways for your users to complete tasks, so they can choose the approach that works best for their individual preferences and needs.\n    \n*   **Feedback**: Give users continuous feedback on the outcome of their actions. This can be through visual cues, sounds, and even haptic feedback. Providing feedback helps users understand what's happening and builds their confidence in the interface.\n    \n\nRemember, the easier it is for users to interact with your product, the more likely they are to enjoy using it, thus leading to a better overall user experience.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "8YePym3cQtoVY0DJQLllK": {
+    "title": "Make progress visible to user",
+    "description": "Making progress visible is an essential part of UX design, as it helps users understand where they are in a process, and it gives them a sense of control and achievement. In this section, we'll discuss the importance of making progress visible and provide some practical tips for incorporating this approach into your designs.\n\nImportance of Making Progress Visible\n-------------------------------------\n\nVisible progress can significantly impact user experience. It helps in:\n\n*   **Reducing user anxiety**: When users can see that they're making progress, they experience less anxiety and frustration.\n*   **Building engagement**: Progress indicators help users feel invested and engaged with a task or product.\n*   **Avoiding drop-offs**: When users can see the end of a process, they're more likely to complete it.\n\nTips for Making Progress Visible\n--------------------------------\n\nIncorporate these best practices into your UX design to make progress visible:\n\n*   **Use progress bars:** A simple and effective way to show progress is through progress bars. You can use them for linear processes, like form completion or steps in a tutorial.\n*   **Break tasks into manageable steps:** Chunking tasks into smaller steps makes them more manageable for users, and it allows users to see progress as they complete each step.\n*   **Give feedback on progress:** Provide clear feedback on the user's progress, such as a tick or checkmark, accompanying text, or a change of color.\n*   **Estimate time or effort:** Give users a sense of how long a task will take, or how much effort is involved, by showing time estimates or the number of steps involved.\n*   **Enable users to review progress:** Allow users to review their progress and easily navigate between completed steps if they need to make changes.\n\nBy making progress visible, you can provide users with a sense of accomplishment, reduce anxiety, and encourage engagement with your product. Keep this approach in mind during your UX design process to create more satisfying and user-friendly experiences.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "D3LVYuCDHD6-kU8GhXokf": {
+    "title": "Make progress meaningful to reward user",
+    "description": "When designing a UX, one crucial aspect to consider is creating a sense of progress and achievement for users. By making progress meaningful and rewarding users, you can enhance their overall experience, satisfaction, and engagement with your product or service. Here's a brief summary of some key points to consider when implementing this principle in your design.\n\nSet Clear Goals and Milestones\n------------------------------\n\nHelp users understand the objectives they need to achieve within your product or service. The goals should be specific, measurable, attainable, relevant, and time-bound (SMART). By providing well-defined milestones, users can easily visualize their progress and feel motivated to continue using your product.\n\nProvide Feedback\n----------------\n\nContinuously inform users about their progress and actions by providing feedback through visual cues, messages, notifications, or sounds. This will reassure them that they are on the right track and help maintain their engagement.\n\nCelebrate Achievements\n----------------------\n\nRecognize and celebrate user accomplishments, whether it's completing a task, reaching a new level, or mastering a new skill. This can be done through messages, badges, trophies, or other visual elements that give users a sense of achievement and recognition.\n\nPersonalize Rewards\n-------------------\n\nTailor rewards to cater to individual user preferences, taking into account their needs, desires, and achievements. This could mean offering different types of rewards or varying the difficulty levels to unlock them based on the user's past experiences with your product.\n\nEncourage Social Sharing\n------------------------\n\nLeverage the power of social networks to allow users to share their achievements and progress with friends, family, or other users. Providing incentives for sharing can also help enhance the feeling of accomplishment and increase the likelihood of continued engagement.\n\nGamification\n------------\n\nIncorporate gamification elements into your UX design to make progress and rewards more engaging and entertaining. Gamification techniques can include points, levels, leaderboards, and other game-like components that encourage users to invest time and effort in your product.\n\nBy making progress meaningful and rewarding for users, you can significantly enhance the overall user experience, foster user loyalty, and improve the chances of your product's long-term success. Always consider the unique needs and preferences of your target audience to customize your approach for the best results.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "94V3wUtZ0NMm_0Vb1pBju": {
+    "title": "Make successful completion clearly visible",
+    "description": "When designing user experiences, it's essential to ensure that users can easily recognize when they've completed a task or achieved their goal. This is important because it provides users with a sense of accomplishment and satisfaction; it also helps build trust in the digital product. Here are some tips to make successful completion clearly visible:\n\n*   **Visual feedback:** Provide clear visual cues (e.g., color changes, checkmarks, or other symbols) to indicate when a user has successfully completed a task. This reinforces the user's understanding that their actions have had the desired outcome.\n    \n*   **Success messages:** Display context-appropriate messages or confirmation screens to acknowledge that tasks have been successfully completed. For example, after submitting a form, show a success message containing a confirmation number and relevant next steps.\n    \n*   **Progress indicators:** Use progress bars or other indicators to help users track their progress towards task completion. This helps users understand how much work remains and can motivate them to continue working towards their goal.\n    \n*   **Transitions:** Utilize smooth animations and transitions when moving between different states or screens. This helps users recognize that they've successfully completed a task and are moving on to the next step.\n    \n*   **Accessible design:** Ensure that your success indicators and feedback are accessible to all users, including those with visual impairments. Use suitable text labels, alt text, and other accessibility features to guarantee that everyone can perceive and understand when they've completed a task.\n    \n\nBy incorporating these elements into your UX design, you will create a user experience that not only guides users through tasks efficiently but also provides them with the satisfaction of clearly visible successful completions. This, in turn, can lead to more enjoyable interactions with your digital product and improved user engagement.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "0KEqAjHFBjfmGA1bKzXuD": {
+    "title": "Customer Experience Map by Mel Edwards",
+    "description": "A **Custom Experience Map** is a powerful visual representation that helps designers and stakeholders understand the entire user journey. It captures the various touchpoints, interactions, and experiences a user goes through while using a product or service. This map can be created to suit the specific needs of your project or organization, giving you a comprehensive view of the user experience.\n\nKey Components of a Custom Experience Map\n-----------------------------------------\n\nBelow are some crucial components of an effective custom experience map:\n\n*   **User Persona**: This includes the demographics, goals, and pain-points of the target user, which helps in understanding the user's perspective throughout the journey.\n    \n*   **Stages**: The different logical steps or phases the user goes through during their interaction with the product or service.\n    \n*   **Touchpoints**: These are the specific interactions the user has with the product or service, such as clicking a button, opening an app, or talking to a customer representative.\n    \n*   **Channels**: These refer to the mediums or platforms through which the interactions take place, such as website, mobile app, email, or in-person.\n    \n*   **Emotions**: The emotional state of the user during each touchpoint, which can highlight areas of frustration or delight.\n    \n*   **Opportunities**: Areas where improvements can be made, new features can be introduced, or further research can be conducted to enhance the overall user experience.\n    \n\nBenefits of a Custom Experience Map\n-----------------------------------\n\nCreating a custom experience map offers several advantages for both designers and stakeholders:\n\n*   It helps identify the pain-points, gaps, or opportunities to improve user experience.\n*   It enables a better understanding of how users navigate and interact with the product or service.\n*   It facilitates the prioritization of UX design tasks and helps focus on high-impact areas.\n*   It promotes collaboration and communication across different team members within the organization.\n\nTips for Effective Experience Mapping\n-------------------------------------\n\nTo make the most of a custom experience map, consider the following tips:\n\n*   Involve different stakeholders and team members in the process to ensure diverse perspectives are taken into account.\n*   Use the map as a communication tool for sharing insights and findings with the team.\n*   Update the map as the product evolves or new data becomes available to keep it relevant and useful.\n*   Regularly review the map during design iterations to ensure user goals and pain-points are consistently addressed.\n\nBy leveraging the power of a custom experience map, UX designers can visualize and uncover valuable insights, which lead to more informed decisions and ultimately a better user experience.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "JCP5_jyvh9u7hxp379iW2": {
+    "title": "Simple Flowchart",
+    "description": "A simple flowchart is a useful deliverable in the UX design process that helps visually represent the flow of a user's journey through a website or an app. It's a diagrammatic representation of the user interactions and decision points, showcasing the steps they will take to achieve a specific goal.\n\nThis straightforward visual aid can assist the entire project team, including designers, developers, and stakeholders, to understand the overall structure and organization of the proposed design solution.\n\nKey Elements of a Simple Flowchart\n----------------------------------\n\n*   **Shapes**: Standard shapes like rectangles, diamonds, and ovals are utilized to indicate different actions or decisions in a flowchart. Each shape has a specific meaning, which aids in understanding the flow of the user interaction.\n*   **Lines and Arrows**: These are used to connect the various shapes and define the sequence of steps.\n*   **Labels**: Brief descriptions or texts inside the shapes describe the action, decision, or process represented by that particular shape.\n\nBenefits of Using Simple Flowcharts\n-----------------------------------\n\n*   **Shared Understanding**: Flowcharts are easy to read and understand, fostering a shared understanding between team members and stakeholders.\n    \n*   **Effective Communication**: They provide a clear way to communicate the steps involved in a process, making it easier for teams to discuss and collaborate.\n    \n*   **Identifying Potential Issues**: Flowcharts help identify potential bottlenecks or points of friction in a user's journey, enabling the team to address issues early in the design process.\n    \n*   **Documentation**: As a deliverable, flowcharts can serve as documentation, capturing the broader structure and steps in a process for future reference.\n    \n\nTo create a simple flowchart, start by listing all the essential steps and decisions in the user journey you want to document. Organize them sequentially and then use standard shapes and arrows to create the flowchart. Make sure to include annotations or labels to clarify the meaning of each shape.\n\nIn summary, a simple flowchart is a valuable UX deliverable that helps visualize user interactions and design solutions in an easy-to-understand format, facilitating better communication and collaboration within project teams.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "nccToz_0FUvHMJytpDpM0": {
+    "title": "Event-driven Process Chain Model (EPC)",
+    "description": "The Event Driven Process Chain (EPC) model is a flowchart-based diagramming method that supports the documentation and analysis of business processes. EPCs are frequently used in the field of UX design to aid in identifying areas for optimization and improvement.\n\nIn an EPC model, events, functions, and control flow are the primary components.\n\n*   **Event**: Represents a specific point in time, such as the start, end or a change in a process.\n*   **Function**: Represents an action or task that needs to be performed. Functions typically connect to events and other functions within a process chain.\n*   **Control Flow**: Illustrates the flow of activities in the process chain by connecting events and functions with arrows, showing the sequence of tasks.\n\nCreating an EPC model involves the following steps:\n\n*   Identify the main activities and events in the process to be modeled.\n*   Define the flow of activities by connecting events and functions using arrows.\n*   Identify decision points or branches in the process, where alternative paths may be followed.\n*   Analyze the model to identify areas for improvement, such as bottlenecks, inefficiencies or redundancies.\n\nEPC models are beneficial for UX designers as they provide a clear, visual representation of the business processes. This helps in understanding how a user's interactions with a product or service are tied to the overall process flow. Consequently, insights gained from EPC models can inform the UX design process in terms of the required steps and interactions, potential pain points, and opportunities for innovation.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "jy5jtSEyNE8iJpad27rPX": {
+    "title": "Business Process Model & Notation (BPMN)",
+    "description": "Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN) is a graphical representation of business processes, providing a standardized and easy-to-understand method for visualizing different aspects of a business. By using BPMN, UX designers can analyze and optimize business processes and workflows, which ultimately improves the overall user experience.\n\nKey Components of BPMN\n----------------------\n\n*   Flow Objects: Main building blocks of a BPMN diagram, which include events, activities, and gateways.\n*   Connecting Objects: Linking elements between flow objects, such as sequence flows, message flows, and associations.\n*   Swimlanes: Visual elements that help organize activities based on roles or responsibilities.\n*   Artifacts: Supplementary elements providing additional information, such as data objects, groupings, and annotations.\n\nBenefits of BPMN for UX Design\n------------------------------\n\n*   **Visualization**: BPMN offers a clear visual layout of business processes, allowing UX designers to understand the overall structure easily.\n*   **Standardization**: As an internationally recognized standard, BPMN ensures consistent interpretation and communication among team members.\n*   **Flexibility**: BPMN can accommodate various levels of complexity, enabling designers to model simple or complex processes as needed.\n*   **Collaboration**: By bridging the gap between technical and non-technical stakeholders, BPMN empowers cross-functional collaboration throughout the design process.\n\nTo incorporate BPMN in your UX design process, you'll need to familiarize yourself with its various elements and syntax. Consider leveraging BPMN tools and resources to create diagrams that accurately represent your target user's needs and the corresponding business processes. By doing so, you'll be able to craft a more precise and effective user experience.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "6yCBFwntQ_KxFmmGTJ8iR": {
+    "title": "Prototyping",
+    "description": "Prototyping is a crucial stage in the UX design process, where designers create a representation of the product to test its usability and functionality. This allows designers to uncover any issues, gather feedback, and iterate on the design before the actual development stage. Prototypes can range from simple sketches to fully interactive and detailed models. There are several types of prototyping, such as:\n\nLow-Fidelity Prototyping\n------------------------\n\nLow-fidelity prototypes are simple, rough representations of the design that focus on the overall structure and main functionalities. They are fast to create and allow designers to quickly test ideas and gather user feedback. Examples include:\n\n*   Paper sketches: Drawings made on paper that convey the basic layout and structure of the interface.\n*   Wireframes: Simple digital representations of the user interface, showing the placement of elements without any visual styling.\n\nHigh-Fidelity Prototyping\n-------------------------\n\nHigh-fidelity prototypes are more detailed and interactive, closely resembling the final product. They include the visual design, animations, and interactions, allowing for effective user testing and showcasing the design to clients or stakeholders. Examples include:\n\n*   Interactive mockups: Clickable representations of the interface that incorporate visual design and interactions, often created using prototyping tools such as Sketch, Adobe XD, or Figma.\n*   HTML prototypes: Interactive prototypes built using HTML, CSS, and JavaScript, which can be a good option if the designers have coding skills and want a more accurate representation of the final product.\n\nChoosing the Right Prototyping Method\n-------------------------------------\n\nThere is no one-size-fits-all approach to prototyping. The best method depends on factors such as the project's goals, the stage of the design process, available resources, and the level of detail needed. Generally, low-fidelity prototyping is best for early stages of design, when the focus is on testing the main structure and functionality, while high-fidelity prototyping is better suited for later stages when refining the visual design and interactions.\n\nBenefits of Prototyping\n-----------------------\n\nPrototyping is essential in UX design because it:\n\n*   Saves time and money: By identifying and addressing usability or design issues early in the process, you can avoid costly redesigns or development changes.\n*   Facilitates collaboration: Prototypes enable designers, stakeholders, and developers to discuss the design and give meaningful feedback.\n*   Enhances user experience: Iterative testing and refining the design based on feedback ensures the final product meets user needs and expectations.\n\nIn conclusion, prototyping is a crucial step in the UX design process that helps designers test ideas, gather feedback, and iterate on the design, ultimately leading to a more user-centered final product.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "90_M5qABC1vZ1nsXVyqFJ": {
+    "title": "Good Layout Rules",
+    "description": "In the world of UX design, a good layout is crucial to ensure your prototype is intuitive and user-friendly. By following these good layout rules, you can ensure your designs are efficient, attractive, and easy to navigate for users.\n\nConsistency\n-----------\n\nBeing consistent with your design is vital in creating an easy-to-navigate interface. Utilize the same color schemes, typography, and other design elements consistently throughout your prototype to make it visually cohesive and user-friendly.\n\nAlignment and Spacing\n---------------------\n\nEnsure all the elements on your prototype are aligned and spaced properly. This helps create a well-structured and clean look, while also making it easy for users to navigate and understand your design.\n\nVisual Hierarchy\n----------------\n\nEstablish clear visual hierarchy by using size, color, contrast, and white space effectively. This helps users identify important elements on the screen quickly and understand the flow of your design easily.\n\nGrouping of Elements\n--------------------\n\nGroup related elements together, such as navigation menus or form input fields. This helps users recognize the purpose and function of each section more quickly and intuitively.\n\nBalance and Proportion\n----------------------\n\nCreate a balanced and proportional look by distributing elements on the screen evenly. This can be achieved through the use of grids or other layout techniques that help maintain a sense of harmony and order in your design.\n\nAccessibility\n-------------\n\nEnsure your design is accessible to all users by considering factors such as text size, contrast, and color combinations. Aim to create an inclusive prototype that caters to people of different abilities and preferences.\n\nResponsiveness and Flexibility\n------------------------------\n\nMake sure your prototype can adapt to different screen sizes and devices, ensuring a seamless user experience across various platforms. This is particularly important when designing for web and mobile applications.\n\nIterating and Testing\n---------------------\n\nAs you develop your design, continually test and iterate on your layout based on user feedback and data. This process will help refine your design and ensure it meets the needs and expectations of your users.\n\nBy incorporating these good layout rules into your prototyping process, you'll be well on your way to creating a user-friendly and effective design that meets the goals and objectives of your project.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "t46s6Piyd8MoJYzdDTsjr": {
+    "title": "Figma",
+    "description": "[Figma](https://www.figma.com/) is a powerful and versatile web-based design tool that allows designers, developers, and stakeholders to collaborate on UI and UX projects in real-time. It's an excellent choice for creating wireframes and high-fidelity prototypes and supports vector editing, responsive design, and team collaboration.\n\nKey Features\n------------",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "HI_urBhPqT0m3AeBQJIej": {
+    "title": "Adobe XD",
+    "description": "Adobe XD (Experience Design) is a powerful design and prototyping tool that allows UX designers to create wireframes, mockups, and interactive prototypes for various digital projects. It is available for both Mac and Windows, and it focuses on providing an easy-to-use, intuitive interface for designing responsive websites, mobile apps, and more.\n\nKey Features of Adobe XD\n------------------------\n\n*   **Design tools**: Adobe XD offers a set of powerful design tools, such as vector drawing, the ability to import images, and a range of pre-defined UI components to help you create aesthetically pleasing designs. The built-in grid system allows for precise alignment and consistency across your designs.\n    \n*   **Responsive artboards**: XD allows you to create multiple artboards for different devices and screen sizes. This enables you to visualize and design in one go, for multiple device types.\n    \n*   **Prototype and Interactions**: With Adobe XD, you can easily add interactions to your designs. This helps in better communication of your ideas and makes it easier for clients and developers to understand your vision. The preview mode enables you to test your prototype and see the interactions in real-time.\n    \n*   **Collaboration and Sharing**: Adobe XD simplifies collaboration between team members, stakeholders, and developers. You can create shared design specs and live URLs for your prototypes, gather feedback, and even co-edit documents with other designers in real-time.\n    \n*   **Integrations**: XD seamlessly integrates with other Adobe Creative Cloud applications, such as Photoshop, Illustrator, and After Effects, enabling smoother workflows and consistency across your designs. It also supports third-party plugins to expand its capabilities.\n    \n\nTo get started with Adobe XD, you'll need to download and install the application from the [Adobe Creative Cloud website](https://www.adobe.com/products/xd.html). Adobe offers a free basic plan for XD, which allows you to work on one shared document at a time and a limited number of shared prototypes and design specs.\n\nAs a designer, familiarizing yourself with Adobe XD's features and learning how to effectively use it can significantly improve your design process, making your wireframing and prototyping tasks quicker and more efficient.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "nb7Ql1gvxqEucsGnIWTyY": {
+    "title": "Sketch",
+    "description": "Sketch is a powerful digital design tool specifically tailored for user interface (UI) and user experience (UX) design. As part of the creative process, designers use Sketch to create wireframes, visual mockups, and interactive prototypes that help plan and iterate their ideas.\n\nKey Features\n------------",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "fZkARg6kPXPemYW1vDMTe": {
+    "title": "Balsamiq",
+    "description": "Balsamiq is a popular wireframing tool that helps designers, developers, and product managers to quickly create and visualize user interfaces, web pages, or app screens. It's an easy-to-use software that allows you to focus on ideas and concepts rather than getting caught up in pixel-perfect designs.\n\n**Key Features of Balsamiq**",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "U4ZEFUcghr9XjSyf-0Np7": {
+    "title": "Call to Action",
+    "description": "A **Call to Action (CTA)** is a UX pattern that encourages users to take a specific action on a website, app, or other digital product. It is an essential component of effective UX design, as it helps guide users through the experience and accomplish their goals. CTAs can come in various forms, including buttons, links, images, or text.\n\nImportance of Call to Action\n----------------------------\n\n*   **Increased conversion rates**: A well-placed and well-designed CTA can significantly increase conversion rates, leading to more sign-ups, purchases, or other desired user actions.\n*   **Guides user behavior**: CTAs help to guide users through the flow of your product, and can assist in providing a clear and concise user journey.\n*   **Highlighting key features**: A strong CTA can bring attention to key features or important information that you want your users to notice and engage with.\n\nDesigning an Effective Call to Action\n-------------------------------------\n\nTo create an effective CTA, consider the following factors:\n\n*   **Placement**: The placement of a CTA is crucial to its effectiveness. It should be easily noticeable and accessible without overwhelming or distracting users. In most cases, placing CTAs above the fold (the portion of the website visible without scrolling) has proven to be effective.\n*   **Size and shape**: The size and shape of a CTA should be consistent with the overall design of your product. Make sure it is large enough to be easily noticed, but not too large that it overwhelms other content.\n*   **Color and contrast**: Choose a color for your CTA that stands out from the rest of your design. High contrast between the CTA button and its surrounding elements can make it more noticeable and draw attention.\n*   **Clear and concise copy**: The text on your CTA should be clear, concise, and tell users exactly what to expect when they click on it. Use action-oriented language like \"Sign Up,\" \"Learn More,\" or \"Start Now\" to encourage users to take action.\n\nCTA Best Practices\n------------------\n\nHere are some best practices to follow when designing and implementing CTAs:\n\n*   Limit the number of CTAs on a single page or screen to maintain focus and avoid confusion.\n*   Ensure the CTA is relevant to the content and user experience.\n*   Test different CTA variations, placements, and designs to determine which is most effective for your target audience.\n\nBy incorporating CTAs into your UX design, you can create a more engaging, user-friendly experience that helps guide users through your product and ultimately drives them to take the desired actions.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "G4Ap91NgZfkV-54EuWe-Z": {
+    "title": "Status Reports",
+    "description": "Status reports are an essential component of UX patterns that aid in keeping users informed about the current state of the system, task progress, and any relevant updates. By providing real-time feedback, users can understand the outcome of their actions which ultimately helps in building trust, reducing confusion, and enhancing overall user satisfaction.\n\nHere are some key aspects to consider when designing status reports for your application:\n\nTiming\n------\n\nChoose the appropriate time to display status reports so that it doesn't interrupt the user's ongoing activities. For instance, progress bars should be visible only when a task requires some time to complete, while error messages should appear right after an incorrect input.\n\nPlacement\n---------\n\nPosition the status reports in a way that they naturally draw users' attention without distracting them from their primary tasks. Some commonly used placements include the top or center of the page for critical alerts, and near the input fields for validation feedback.\n\nContent\n-------\n\nKeep the content of your status report simple, concise, and informative. It should be easy for the user to understand what's happening and, if necessary, provide clear instructions on how to proceed. Avoid jargon and use plain language that users can easily comprehend.\n\nVisual Hierarchy\n----------------\n\nDesign your status reports using visual hierarchy principles to prioritize the most important information. Make use of contrast, typography, and other visual elements to help users quickly understand the message and its level of importance.\n\nAccessibility\n-------------\n\nEnsure your status reports are accessible by providing descriptive text, like alternative text for images, or using ARIA roles for screen readers. This ensures that users with disabilities can also benefit from these useful reports.\n\nDismissal\n---------\n\nOffer users the option to dismiss non-critical status reports as per their preference. This can be done by providing a close button for banners, tooltips, and pop-ups.\n\nIn conclusion, status reports are a valuable aspect of UX design that effectively communicate essential information to users, thus improving their overall experience with your product. Integrating these principles into your UX pattern can considerably enhance your design's effectiveness and user satisfaction.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "mzWd-xSr7sO2RgfPbKy4T": {
+    "title": "How-to-Tips",
+    "description": "This design pattern design to provide users with guidance or tips on how to use a product or service. This pattern can be implemented in various ways, such as through tooltips, pop-ups, modals, or other interactive elements that appear on the screen.\n\nThe purpose of the \"How-to-tips\" UX pattern is to help users learn how to use a product or service quickly and easily, without having to refer to external documentation or search for answers online. By providing guidance and tips directly within the user interface, this pattern can improve the user experience and reduce frustration, especially for new or inexperienced users.\n\nExamples of this pattern include:\n\n*   Tooltips that appear when users hover over or click on certain elements, providing information about the function or purpose of that element.\n*   Pop-ups or modals that appear when users first interact with a product or service, providing an overview or tutorial on how to get started.\n*   Interactive tutorials or walkthroughs that guide users through key features or functions of a product or service, step-by-step.\n\nOverall, the \"How-to-tips\" UX pattern is a valuable tool for improving the usability and accessibility of a product or service, helping users to learn how to use it effectively and efficiently.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "wFWidrOZ5EHPgo9uuUclK": {
+    "title": "Reminders & Planning Prompts",
+    "description": "In the realm of UX design, **reminders and planning prompts** are essential components that ensure users remember to complete specific actions or tasks at the right time. By including these prompts within the user flow, you can aid users in staying on track and reduce the likelihood of missed deadlines or incomplete tasks.\n\nWhy Use Reminders and Planning Prompts?\n---------------------------------------\n\nUsers often have multiple tasks to juggle simultaneously, making it easy for things to slip through the cracks. By incorporating reminders and planning prompts into your application, you can help combat:\n\n*   **Forgetfulness**: People sometimes need a gentle nudge to remember their next step or obligation.\n*   **Procrastination**: Timely reminders can encourage users to prioritize their tasks and meet deadlines.\n*   **Lack of motivation**: Well-crafted planning prompts can inspire users to take action and stay engaged with your product.\n\nTypes of Reminders and Planning Prompts\n---------------------------------------\n\nTo provide effective, well-timed reminders and prompts, consider employing the following methods:\n\n*   **Push notifications**: Utilize mobile or desktop notifications to remind users about upcoming tasks, appointments, or deadlines.\n*   **In-product prompts**: Place on-screen prompts to encourage users to take specific actions while using the application.\n*   **Email reminders**: Send scheduled emails to users as reminders for tasks or appointment confirmation.\n*   **Badges**: Use badges or other visual cues to indicate pending tasks, such as unread messages or incomplete items in a to-do list.\n*   **Calendar integration**: Integrate your application with calendar tools, so users can easily add and access reminders and events.\n\nStrategies for Effective Reminders and Planning Prompts\n-------------------------------------------------------\n\nTo ensure that your reminders and planning prompts encourage users to take action, follow these guidelines:\n\n*   **Customization**: Allow users to customize their reminders, such as setting preferred notification times or choosing the method of delivery.\n*   **Context**: Provide context around the reminder so users have enough information upfront to determine the task's priority.\n*   **Actionable**: Make your reminders engaging and actionable, so users can directly take action from the reminder or prompt.\n*   **Timeliness**: Consider the user's time zone and availability when scheduling reminders and plan accordingly.\n\nIncorporating reminders and planning prompts into your UX design strategy can improve user engagement, satisfaction, and product success. By considering the different types and strategies outlined above, you can create a user experience that keeps your audience actively engaged with your application.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "9vA3ZWMiKG6NiEqGDvcFR": {
+    "title": "Decision-Making Support",
+    "description": "Decision making support plays a crucial role in UX design by providing users with the necessary information, options, and feedback to make informed choices when interacting with a product or interface. This UX pattern focuses on helping users make decisions through clear presentation of information, minimizing cognitive load, and offering guidance throughout the various interactions.\n\nKey Elements of Decision Making Support\n---------------------------------------\n\n*   **Clear presentation of information**: Present complex information in a simple, easily digestible format. Break down large amounts of data into smaller chunks, use visuals (e.g., icons, images, graphs) to convey information, and provide clear labeling and headings.\n    \n*   **Minimize cognitive load**: Reducing the mental effort required by users when making decisions can lead to better decision-making and higher satisfaction. Limit the number of options presented, group similar items together, and use progressive disclosure to provide additional details when necessary.\n    \n*   **Feedback and guidance**: Providing feedback and guidance can help users understand the implications of their decisions and options. Use micro-interactions (e.g., hover effects, tooltips) to clarify the meaning of interactive elements and provide suggestions or recommendations.\n    \n*   **Defaults and pre-selected options**: Set sensible defaults and pre-selected options to help users make decisions quickly, while also allowing flexibility for customization. This can prevent decision paralysis and reduce frustration for users with limited knowledge or expertise.\n    \n*   **Comparison tools**: Offer easy-to-use comparison tools for users to weigh different options, especially in cases where the decision involves multiple factors. This can be provided through side-by-side comparison tables, or visual aids that highlight differences between options.\n    \n\nTips for Implementing Decision Making Support\n---------------------------------------------\n\n*   Empathize with your users and create user personas to understand their needs, goals, and preferences when making decisions.\n*   Conduct usability tests to evaluate the effectiveness of your decision-making support features and iterate based on user feedback.\n*   Take into account different use cases and decision-making styles across your target audience, and design support features that cater to these variations.\n*   Be cautious not to overwhelm users with too much decision support, which can lead to increased cognitive load and poor user experience.\n\nBy incorporating effective decision-making support into your UX design, you can enhance user experience, increase satisfaction, and ultimately, help your users make better choices while interacting with your product.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "JSBiw0C6aq1LhA33y79PM": {
+    "title": "Behavior Change Games",
+    "description": "Behavior change games are a powerful UX design pattern that help users adopt new habits or make positive lifestyle changes. These games are typically designed to be engaging, enjoyable, and motivating, utilizing various game elements and mechanics to encourage users to take desired actions.\n\nKey elements of behavior change games\n-------------------------------------\n\n*   **Set clear objectives**: Define specific goals users should achieve, such as losing weight or learning a new skill. Well-defined objectives provide a strong focus for the game and encourage user engagement.\n    \n*   **Feedback and progress**: Provide real-time feedback and track user progress to create a sense of accomplishment. This can include visual cues, points, badges, or leveling up systems.\n    \n*   **Social interaction**: Utilize social features, such as sharing achievements, comparing results with friends, or team challenges. This enables users to work together, fosters a sense of community, and enhances motivation through friendly competition.\n    \n*   **Reward system**: Implement a reward system that grants virtual or real rewards for completing tasks or reaching milestones. These rewards can be intrinsic (e.g., personal satisfaction) or extrinsic (e.g., discounts or prizes).\n    \n*   **Gamification**: Incorporate game-like elements, such as storytelling, quests, or time-limited challenges. These elements add an entertaining aspect, improve user experience, and make the behavior change process more enjoyable.\n    \n\nBenefits of behavior change games\n---------------------------------\n\n*   **Increased motivation**: By turning the behavior change process into a game, users are often more motivated to participate and stay engaged.\n    \n*   **Higher user retention**: Engaging games can increase user retention, resulting in higher long-term success rates for behavior change.\n    \n*   **Measurable results**: These games allow users to easily track progress and outcomes, helping them understand the impact of their actions and reinforcing positive behavior.\n    \n*   **Personalization**: Games can be tailored to individual users' preferences and play styles, making the experience more enjoyable and relevant.\n    \n*   **Support network**: The inclusion of social features creates a community of support, forging connections between individuals with similar goals and fostering accountability.\n    \n\nWhen designing behavior change games, it's essential to keep user experience in mind, and create an enjoyable and motivating experience. Balancing fun and educational elements can result in a powerful tool for guiding users towards positive change in their lives.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "fbIur1tEIdNDE6gls4Bru": {
+    "title": "Gamification",
+    "description": "Gamification is a UX design pattern that involves incorporating elements of game design into non-game applications or websites to enhance user engagement and create enjoyable experiences. By using game mechanics like points, achievements, competition, and progress-tracking, designers can make mundane tasks more appealing and motivate users to interact with the content or perform certain actions.\n\nBenefits of Gamification\n------------------------\n\n*   **Increased engagement**: Gamification helps in capturing the user's attention and encourages them to spend more time interacting with the product.\n*   **Motivation**: Game mechanics like points, badges, and leaderboards act as incentives, motivating users to perform a desired behavior or accomplish specific goals.\n*   **Improved learning**: Gamification can make learning new concepts or skills more enjoyable, allowing users to better retain information.\n*   **User retention**: By creating a sense of achievement and fostering friendly competition, gamification can inspire users to keep returning to the product.\n\nKey Elements of Gamification\n----------------------------\n\n*   **Points**: Points are a quantifiable way to track the user's accomplishments and give immediate feedback. They can be used as a currency to unlock specific content or features.\n*   **Badges**: Badges are visual representations of achievements that users can earn by completing certain activities or reaching milestones, which creates a sense of accomplishment.\n*   **Leaderboards**: Leaderboards display users' progress in comparison to others, encouraging competition and fostering motivation to improve one's standing within the community.\n*   **Progress tracking**: Providing a progress bar or checklist helps users visualize their journey and gives them a clear idea of what they have achieved and what's remaining.\n\nImplementing Gamification\n-------------------------\n\nWhen implementing gamification in your UX design, consider the following factors:\n\n*   **Target audience**: Define your target audience and analyze their demographics, preferences, and pain points to provide a suitable gamification experience.\n*   **Purpose**: Identify the desired outcome the gamification process aims to achieve, such as increased engagement, user acquisition, or learning.\n*   **Relevance**: Ensure that the gamification elements align with your product's purpose and add value to the user experience, rather than feeling forced or gimmicky.\n*   **Balancing challenge and reward**: Create a balance between the level of challenge and the offered rewards to maintain user interest.\n*   **Feedback**: Provide users with timely feedback on their progress and performance to keep them engaged and informed.\n\nBy incorporating gamification into your UX design, you can create more engaging and captivating experiences that keep users coming back for more. Just remember to ensure that the game elements are relevant to the product's purpose and contribute positively to the overall user experience.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "eYZf67rnhOksfh44hnzHg": {
+    "title": "Planners",
+    "description": "Planners are an essential aspect of UX design, helping users accomplish complex tasks by breaking them down into manageable steps. Planners are particularly useful in situations where users are expected to make decisions or deal with a range of options. They help to create an engaging and interactive experience, guiding users to achieve their goals efficiently.\n\nCharacteristics of Planners\n---------------------------\n\nThere are a few key characteristics that define planners in UX design:\n\n*   **Clear Guidance:** Planners provide clear instructions and guidance on the various steps involved, making it easier for users to navigate through the process.\n    \n*   **Progress Indicators:** Planners typically use some form of progress indicator, such as a progress bar or a checklist, to show users how far along in the process they are.\n    \n*   **Error Prevention & Handling:** Planners strive to prevent user errors by providing input validation, feedback, and clear guidelines on what needs to be done. They also handle errors effectively, allowing users to recover and move forward, without getting frustrated.\n    \n*   **Flexibility:** Planners offer users the flexibility to complete tasks at their own pace, and provide options for changing or updating information at any stage in the process.\n    \n*   **Consistency:** Planners maintain consistency in the design and presentation of information, ensuring that the user experience is familiar and predictable at all times.\n    \n\nTypes of Planners\n-----------------\n\nThere are various types of planners used in UX design, depending on the specific needs of the project:\n\n*   **Decision Trees:** These provide users with a sequence of binary options, guiding them through a series of choices until they reach a specific end result.\n    \n*   **Wizards:** These are step-by-step guides that walk users through a process, presenting one question or task at a time, and only moving on once the user has completed the previous step.\n    \n*   **Task Checklists:** These provide users with a list of sub-tasks or actions they must complete in order to achieve a larger goal. Users can check-off tasks as they complete them, and see their progress towards the goal.\n    \n*   **Interactive Conversations:** These mimic a conversational interaction between the user and the system, using natural language processing to guide users through tasks or decision-making processes.\n    \n\nImplementing Planners\n---------------------\n\nWhen incorporating planners into your UX design, consider the following best practices:\n\n*   Identify the core tasks or decisions your user needs to make and create a logical flow for each process.\n    \n*   Use clear and concise language to guide users through steps, ensuring instructions are easy to follow and understand.\n    \n*   Implement appropriate progress indicators or feedback mechanisms to show users how close they are to completing the task.\n    \n*   Focus on error prevention and offer easy ways for users to recover from mistakes.\n    \n*   Ensure that your planner design is consistent with the overall user interface and user experience goals, while also being flexible to accommodate user preferences and habits.\n    \n\nBy following these best practices and tailoring planners to meet the needs of your users, you can create a more engaging and user-friendly experience that allows users to complete complex tasks with ease.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "esWGzYUJwv7_xGjq6kpVE": {
+    "title": "Reminders",
+    "description": "**_Reminders_** play an essential role in the user's experience, especially when it comes to retaining user attention and engagement. They can be helpful in making sure that the user stays focused on their tasks, remembers essential information or deadlines, and continually interacts with your product or design.\n\nImportance of Reminders\n-----------------------\n\n*   **User Engagement**: Reminders can act as an opportunity to drive users back to your app or website, ensuring they don't forget to use your product or service.\n*   **Timely Notifications**: When a reminder is well-timed and relevant, it can be a useful tool to prevent users from missing out on crucial information or essential tasks.\n*   **Positive User Experience**: Effective use of reminders can create a positive experience for users, making them feel supported and confident in using your product or service.\n\nTypes of Reminders\n------------------\n\nThere are several types of reminders that can be used in UX design. Here are some common ones:\n\n*   **Time-based Reminders**: Set at specific intervals or times, these reminders are designed to ensure users don't forget important tasks or events related to your product or service.\n*   **Location-based Reminders**: Triggered by entering or leaving certain locations, these reminders can be useful for tasks related to a specific place or area.\n*   **Action-based Reminders**: Initiated by user actions, these reminders can provide useful prompts or follow-up actions based on user behaviors within your app or website.\n\nBest Practices\n--------------\n\nHere are a few best practices to consider when incorporating reminders into your UX design:\n\n*   **Be Timely and Relevant**: Ensure that reminders are helpful to the user by making them timely and relevant to the user's needs.\n*   **Keep it Simple**: Use clear, concise language that is easy for users to understand and act upon.\n*   **Avoid Overloading Users**: Too many reminders can become overwhelming and irritating, negatively impacting the user experience. Strike a balance between providing important reminders and respecting the user's time and attention.\n*   **Allow Personalization**: Where possible, provide the user with options to customize the timing and frequency of reminders, enabling them to personalize their experience to suit their preferences.\n*   **Consider Design Elements**: Reminders can be delivered through several methods, including in-app notifications, push notifications, and emails. Consider the most appropriate method for your user base and ensure the design of the reminder is visually appealing and easy to engage with.\n\nIn conclusion, thoughtfully implemented reminders can significantly enhance the user experience and improve user engagement, retention, and satisfaction. By following best practices and considering the user's needs, you can create effective reminders that users appreciate and value.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "FoKtBRuTuMD2SZDHLWS-5": {
+    "title": "Social Sharing",
+    "description": "In the realm of UX design, **Social Sharing** is a crucial pattern that allows users to share content from a website or app to various social media platforms. It helps in creating interaction between users and the content, engaging the audience and generating more traffic to the source.\n\nBenefits of Social Sharing\n--------------------------\n\n*   Increase in brand visibility and awareness\n*   Drive more traffic to the website or app\n*   Higher chances of content going viral\n*   Encourages engagement and conversation around your content\n*   Improves organic search rankings\n\nDesigning Effective Social Sharing Buttons\n------------------------------------------\n\n*   **Positioning**: Place the social sharing buttons at an easily accessible location on the page, e.g., top, bottom, or alongside the content.\n*   **Size and Style**: Opt for clear and recognizable social icons that are easy to tap or click. Ensure their size is adequate to avoid any UX issues.\n*   **Customization**: Tailor the design of social sharing buttons to complement your website or app's visual appeal.\n*   **Selective platforms**: Focus on the most popular or relevant social media platforms for your target audience; not every platform may be necessary.\n*   **Share counts**: Show the number of shares for individual content pieces when appropriate, as it adds social proof and encourages more shares.\n*   **Mobile optimization**: Ensure your social sharing buttons are functional and visually appealing on mobile devices, as a significant portion of sharing occurs via mobile.\n\nIncorporating social sharing into your UX design not only provides opportunities for increased engagement but also serves as an effective marketing tool. Remember, a well-designed and strategically placed social sharing component can lead to a higher reach and greater success for your brand.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "g-bcan_JnjJfg0_fMOb64": {
+    "title": "Goal Trackers",
+    "description": "Goal trackers are essential UX patterns that enable users to monitor their progress towards accomplishing a specific task or objective. Essentially, they help users stay motivated, organized and informed about their journey within an app, website, or system. In this guide, we'll explore the significance of goal trackers, and how to effectively design and incorporate them in your projects.\n\nWhy use goal trackers?\n----------------------\n\n*   **Motivation**: By visibly displaying the progress made, goal trackers constantly motivate users to actively participate in the experience and work towards completing their goals.\n*   **Expectation Management**: They provide clear guidance on the steps required, inform users about the remaining tasks or subgoals, and aid users in estimating the time and effort needed.\n*   **Sense of Achievement**: Goal trackers can enhance user satisfaction by celebrating milestones and achieved objectives, reaffirming that the effort invested has produced tangible results.\n*   **Personalization**: Users can customize their experience by setting up personalized goals and tracking their progress, fostering a greater sense of ownership and connection.\n\nEssential components of goal trackers\n-------------------------------------\n\nA well-designed goal tracker will typically include the following elements:\n\n*   **Visual Progress Bar**: This represents the user's progress towards completing the overall goal. It is usually color-coded, with a percentage or numerical value indicating the extent of the progress made.\n*   **Step Indicators**: These are specific milestones or subgoals that users need to complete in order to achieve the main goal. They help break down the overall process into manageable, smaller tasks.\n*   **Animations & Feedback**: Using animations, notifications, and other visual cues can make users feel rewarded for their progress, reinforcing positive behavior.\n*   **Summaries & Overviews**: A concise summary or overview of the user's progress and remaining tasks/subgoals allows users to quickly ascertain their position within the overall structure.\n\nDesigning effective goal trackers\n---------------------------------\n\nWhen designing a goal tracker, consider these best practices for optimal UX:\n\n*   **Simplicity**: Keep the design and presentation of the goal tracker simple and clear, avoiding unnecessary complexity or clutter.\n*   **Relevance**: Ensure that the tracked goals are closely aligned with the user's objectives, and make the process of updating or setting these goals as seamless as possible.\n*   **Adaptable**: Make the goal tracker adaptable and flexible, allowing users to change or modify their goals as needed.\n*   **Accessibility**: Design the goal tracker to be easily accessible, allowing users to monitor their progress without disrupting their workflow or navigation.\n\nIn conclusion, goal trackers play an important role in UX design to drive user engagement, satisfaction, and overall success. By understanding their purpose and components, and incorporating thoughtful design principles, you can create goal trackers that enhance your users' experience and promote the accomplishment of their desired objectives.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "f0n2JKxpcuP0JW-h4CvwN": {
+    "title": "Tutorials",
+    "description": "Tutorials are an important aspect of UX Design, as they help users understand and learn how to navigate through a new application, software or website. It is essential to create engaging, informative and easy-to-follow tutorials to ensure users can quickly comprehend the interface and become efficient in navigating it.\n\nIn this section, we will discuss the importance of tutorials in UX Design and provide best practices for creating effective tutorials.\n\nImportance of Tutorials\n-----------------------\n\n*   **Guidance for new users:** Tutorials provide an opportunity for users to learn how to use a new software or application proficiently. They are particularly helpful for first-time users, who are often intimidated by the learning curve.\n*   **Boost user confidence:** Well-executed tutorials help users gain confidence in their ability to navigate a software, ultimately leading to increased user satisfaction and long-term engagement.\n*   **Minimize confusion:** Tutorials can help users avoid confusion and frustration by offering clear instructions and demonstrations, which ultimately reduces the need for user support.\n\nBest Practices for Creating Tutorials\n-------------------------------------\n\n*   **Keep it simple and clear:** Use easy-to-understand language, avoid jargon, and break down complex concepts into smaller, manageable steps.\n*   **Use visuals:** Incorporate diagrams, screenshots, and videos if possible. Visuals can enhance learning and make it easier for users to understand complex instructions.\n*   **Make it interactive:** Encourage user engagement by making the tutorial interactive. This can be achieved by incorporating quizzes, allowing users to practice new skills, and providing immediate feedback.\n*   **Be concise:** Long tutorials can be overwhelming and discourage users. Present only the necessary information, and keep the tutorial as short and to-the-point as possible.\n*   **Test and iterate:** Regularly test your tutorials to ensure they are still relevant and effective. Gather user feedback to identify areas for improvement, and make updates accordingly.\n\nRemember, a well-designed tutorial can greatly enhance a user's experience with your software or application. Invest time and effort into creating engaging, informative and easy-to-follow tutorials, and enjoy the benefits of a more skilled and satisfied user base.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "VUf72i5hYaLR_8ul9EzmM": {
+    "title": "UX Best Practices",
+    "description": "UX design, or user experience design, is essential for creating user-friendly and effective products. In this section, we'll discuss some of the best practices that can help you create an optimal user experience for your products.\n\nUnderstand your users\n---------------------\n\nBefore you start designing any product or feature, it's crucial to **know and understand your users**. Conduct user research, create user personas, and use these insights to tailor your design to the needs and preferences of your target audience.\n\nFocus on usability\n------------------\n\nOne of the main goals of UX design is to create products that are **easy to use and navigate**. Aim for simplicity, consistency, and clarity in your design, and make sure to test your product with real users to identify potential usability issues.\n\nDesign for accessibility\n------------------------\n\nDesigning for **accessibility ensures that your product can be used by people with disabilities**, such as visual or motor impairments. This involves providing alternative input methods, like keyboard navigation, as well as preparing your site for assistive technologies such as screen readers.\n\nUtilize responsive design\n-------------------------\n\nToday's users access digital products from various types of devices, and it's important to ensure that your product offers a consistent, enjoyable experience on all screens. Utilize **responsive design techniques** to accommodate different device sizes and capabilities.\n\nOpt for clear and concise content\n---------------------------------\n\nWell-written, easy-to-understand content is a crucial part of UX design. Use **simple language, clear headings, and bullet points** to help users quickly find and digest the information they need.\n\nEnable user control and feedback\n--------------------------------\n\nAllow users to **control their experience** by making it easy for them to undo actions, navigate through your product, and provide feedback. Providing visual feedback, like error messages or confirmation messages, can help users feel more confident using your product.\n\nOptimize page load times\n------------------------\n\nSlow-loading pages can negatively affect user experience and lead to users leaving your product. To ensure a positive experience, **optimize the performance of your website or application** by compressing images, minimizing the use of scripts, and employing caching techniques.\n\nBe consistent in design and layout\n----------------------------------\n\nConsistency in design elements, such as typography, colors, and layout, creates a cohesive user experience and helps to build familiarity and trust with users. Create and follow a **design system or style guide** to maintain consistency across your product.\n\nTest and iterate\n----------------\n\nUsability testing and iterative design are essential components of the UX design process. **Conduct usability tests** with real users to identify pain points and areas of improvement, and continually iterate and improve your design based on feedback and insights gained.\n\nBy applying these UX best practices, you'll be well on your way to creating user-friendly, effective products that lead to greater user satisfaction and success.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "IjqH_Ev2fDWG0QDQ9c9eN": {
+    "title": "Clear the Page of Distractions",
+    "description": "To create an effective UX design, it is essential to focus on the user's attention and reduce any distractions that might be present on the webpage. This will not only improve the usability of your website, but it will also make it more visually appealing and engaging. Here are some tips for eliminating distractions from your design:\n\nKeep it Simple\n--------------\n\nIt's crucial to ensure your design is clean and straightforward. Stick to essential design elements, and avoid using excessive images, icons, or other visual elements that may distract users from the main content.\n\nUse White Space\n---------------\n\nIncorporate white space, also known as negative space, throughout your design. The appropriate use of white space provides relief for users and makes it easier to process the information on the page.\n\nEstablish a Visual Hierarchy\n----------------------------\n\nOrganizing content according to its importance will help users focus on the most crucial information. Creating a clear visual hierarchy can be achieved by using font sizes, colors, and positioning to guide the user's attention.\n\nUse Consistent Navigation\n-------------------------\n\nKeep your website's navigation consistent throughout the site to reduce potential confusion. This allows users to quickly find what they are looking for without getting lost or overwhelmed.\n\nMinimize Popups and Ads\n-----------------------\n\nExcessive use of popups or ads can be distracting and annoying to users. Keep their usage to a minimum, and ensure they are not disruptive to the overall user experience.\n\nOptimize Load Times\n-------------------\n\nEnsure that your webpage loads quickly, as slow loading times can lead to user frustration and abandonment. Optimize images and other media, and consider lazy loading techniques for a smoother experience.\n\nBy following these guidelines and effectively clearing your page of distractions, you can create a user-friendly and aesthetically pleasant design that will keep your users engaged and focused on the most important elements of your website.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "hDj3HaYAM7K1UJmP_T52n": {
+    "title": "Make it Clear, Where to Act",
+    "description": "When designing a user interface, it is essential to guide your users in such a way that they can effortlessly understand where they need to act. This means making it abundantly clear where the actionable elements are on the screen.\n\nHere are a few strategies to ensure users can easily identify where to act:\n\n*   **Use Affordances:** Make use of [affordances](https://www.interaction-design.org/literature/topics/affordances) to give users clues about the functionality of individual elements. For instance, buttons should look clickable, links should be visually distinguishable from plain text, and input fields should resemble an area where text can be entered.\n    \n*   **Visual Hierarchy:** Establish a [visual hierarchy](https://www.interaction-design.org/literature/topics/visual-hierarchy) within the interface by placing important actions more prominently, making them larger or more noticeable. This can be achieved through the use of size, color, contrast, and proximity.\n    \n*   **Consistent Element Patterns:** Use consistent element patterns throughout your design, ensuring that all actionable elements have the same visual styling. This helps users recognize which elements they can interact with and which ones they can't.\n    \n*   **Clear Labels and Instructions:** Provide clear labels and instructions to help users understand what different elements do, and what is expected of them. This could be explicit instructions or simply using descriptive, concise labels that are easy-to-understand.\n    \n*   **Whitespace:** Make good use of [whitespace](https://www.interaction-design.org/literature/topics/white-space) to provide breathing room between elements and group related content. This allows users to quickly grasp the structure of the page and find the points of interaction.\n    \n*   **Feedback:** Provide feedback to users when they interact with various elements. This can include hover effects, button presses, and animations that serve as confirmations of successful actions.\n    \n\nBy making it clear where users need to act, your interface becomes more accessible, efficient, and enjoyable for them to use. This will ultimately result in a more successful and engaging user experience.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "FXJpJDIp-JBc0-0z4PIRo": {
+    "title": "Tell User what the Action is and ask for it",
+    "description": "In the world of UX design, one of the key objectives is to maintain effective communication with users and ensure that their needs and expectations are being met. One powerful technique to achieve this is through **Tell User and Ask** strategy.\n\nTell User\n---------\n\nThis approach requires the designer to provide clear, concise, and relevant information to the user throughout their interaction with the product. This can be achieved through various means:\n\n*   **Visual cues**: Utilize colors, icons, and typography effectively to signal the user about important elements on the page or screen.\n*   **Microcopy**: Provide short, helpful pieces of text, such as labels or tooltips, to guide the user in taking appropriate actions.\n*   **Notifications**: Offer live updates, system status, and contextual feedback to keep the user informed about any ongoing processes or significant events.\n\nAsk User\n--------\n\nAnother important aspect of creating an engaging and interactive experience is through soliciting user input or feedback. This can facilitate two-way communication and ultimately contribute to a more personalized and efficient user experience. Some ways to incorporate this strategy into your design:\n\n*   **Forms and surveys**: Collect information from users in a structured and organized manner, using various input fields such as text, multiple-choice, and dropdowns.\n*   **Interactive elements**: Encourage users to engage with the interface, such as sliding for content, using progressive disclosure techniques, or utilizing drag-and-drop functionality.\n*   **Feedback mechanisms**: Provide quick and easy ways for users to express their opinions or report issues, such as clickable star ratings, feedback forms, or live chat features.\n\nBy combining the \"Tell User\" and \"Ask User\" strategies, UX designers can create a more dynamic and engaging user experience, while also staying in tune with the evolving needs and expectations of their audience.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "ahhffBkmd-feroleBrhJm": {
+    "title": "Make UI Professional and Beautiful",
+    "description": "Creating a professional and beautiful user interface (UI) is essential for a positive intuitive reaction. This not only captures the users' attention but also keeps them engaged with your product. A visually appealing UI establishes trust and confidence, ultimately enhancing the overall user experience (UX). In this section, we will discuss key aspects to keep in mind for designing a professional and beautiful UI.\n\nColor Scheme\n------------\n\nChoose a color scheme that complements your brand and the message you want to convey. Use colors that evoke emotions and are aesthetically pleasing. Aim for a balanced mix of primary, secondary, and accent colors. You can use online color palette generators or other resources to create a harmonious color scheme.\n\nTypography\n----------\n\nTypography plays a critical role in making your UI more readable and user-friendly. Spend time selecting a typeface that aligns well with your brand personality. Make sure that the font sizes, line heights, and letter spacing are optimized for readability. Maintain consistency in typefaces and styles throughout your design.\n\nLayout and Grid System\n----------------------\n\nOrganize the interface elements in a clear, consistent, and logical manner using a grid system. It helps you achieve a clean and professional look. A well-defined layout not only enhances the visual appeal but also improves the usability of the interface.\n\nIconography and Imagery\n-----------------------\n\nUse high-quality icons and images that are consistent in style and theme. Icons should be easily recognizable and convey the purpose of their associated actions. Opt for vector graphics and SVG files as they scale better for different screen sizes and resolutions.\n\nConsistency and Patterns\n------------------------\n\nMaintain consistency in your UI elements and their interactions. Established design patterns help users feel comfortable and familiar with your interface. Standardize navigation, buttons, and other interface components to create an intuitive and seamless experience.\n\nResponsive Design\n-----------------\n\nEnsure your design adapts well to various screen sizes and resolutions. Cater to different devices and platforms to maximize accessibility and user satisfaction. Utilize responsive design techniques, such as fluid grids, flexible images, and media queries.\n\nWhite Space\n-----------\n\nMake effective use of white space (also known as negative space) to create visual hierarchy, separate different elements, and guide the users' attention. White space is essential for a clean, balanced, and professional appearance.\n\nFeedback and Micro-interactions\n-------------------------------\n\nProvide visual feedback and subtle animations to enhance user interaction. Micro-interactions, such as hover effects, progress indicators, and animations, showcase attentiveness to detail and contribute to an engaging UX.\n\nBy incorporating these aspects, you can craft a professional and beautiful UI that promotes a positive intuitive reaction. Remember that a visually appealing interface, combined with smooth and efficient functionality, leads to a better UX, ultimately benefiting both the users and your business.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "C1NwA0Pivoo73GANoOaPi": {
+    "title": "Deploy Social Proof",
+    "description": "Deploying social proof is a powerful UX design principle that helps to encourage a positive intuitive reaction among users. Social proof is the concept that people tend to conform to the actions, beliefs, and attitudes of those around them, especially when they are unsure of the correct behavior in a given situation. In UX design, this means leveraging user-generated content and testimonials that demonstrate how your product or service is positively impacting others. This helps to instill trust and credibility in your design, and it can ultimately influence user engagement and decision-making.\n\nKey Aspects of Deploying Social Proof\n-------------------------------------\n\n*   **User Testimonials and Reviews**: Sharing direct quotes and reviews from satisfied users can help build trust in your product, and create a perceived sense of popularity. Make sure to include testimonials on your website or app that highlight the most compelling benefits of your product.\n    \n*   **Social Media Mentions**: Showcasing positive word-of-mouth spread organically by real users can help persuade potential customers to try your product. Incorporate social media mentions, shares, or ratings on your website or app as a way of demonstrating your product's reputation.\n    \n*   **Expert Opinions and Endorsements**: If your product is endorsed by industry experts, leaders, or influencers, this can add authority to your brand. Include these supporters' names or quotes in your UX design to show that knowledgeable individuals trust and are using your product or service.\n    \n*   **Usage Statistics**: Displaying the total number of users, downloads, or customer success stories can provide a strong indicator of the popularity of your product or service. Ensure that these statistics are accurate and up-to-date in order to maintain credibility with your audience.\n    \n*   **Trust Seals and Certifications**: Including trust seals from established organizations or certifications from industry leaders can further enhance your product's credibility. Ensure that these are relevant to your target audience and displayed prominently within your UX design.\n    \n\nBy deploying social proof strategically within your UX design, you can create a positive intuitive reaction that encourages users to trust your product, comply with your suggestions, and ultimately, choose your product over the competition.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "C5dKHIIgBzxtBpFgDs-hB": {
+    "title": "Deploy Strong Authority on Subject",
+    "description": "Deploying strong subject authority refers to providing the user with a sense of trust and confidence when they interact with your product. This can be achieved by showcasing your expertise and establishing your position as a reliable source of information, products or services. Let us explore the key aspects of deploying strong subject authority in UX design:\n\nReliable Content:\n-----------------\n\n*   **Accuracy:** Make sure the information provided is accurate, relevant, and up-to-date. Inaccurate information can lead to distrust and dissatisfaction.\n*   **Expertise:** If possible, involve subject matter experts to ensure the content is reliable and credible. Expert opinions and insights add more value to the content.\n*   **Curation:** Curate your content carefully to avoid information overload, and ensure it remains focused, informative, and useful for your target audience.\n\nDesign and Aesthetics:\n----------------------\n\n*   **Professional design:** A well-designed interface instills confidence in the user. Choose professional-looking fonts, colors, and other design elements that resonate with your target audience.\n*   **Consistency:** Maintain consistency in layout, color schemes, and overall branding. This helps users to associate your content with a familiar and trustworthy organization.\n*   **Navigation:** Ensure the navigation is intuitive and easy to use, helping users to explore your content with confidence.\n\nTestimonials and Social Proof:\n------------------------------\n\n*   **Testimonials:** Share real testimonials from satisfied users/customers to build trust with your audience.\n*   **Case Studies:** Showcase your expertise with detailed case studies that demonstrate your skills and accomplishments.\n*   **Social Proof:** Display social proof by featuring badges, certifications, or collaborations with renowned organizations.\n\nAccessibility and Support:\n--------------------------\n\n*   **Accessibility:** Ensure your content is accessible to everyone, regardless of their abilities, by meeting accessibility standards.\n*   **Customer Support:** Offer easily accessible support options and resources, such as a help center, live chat, or customer service contact information.\n\nTo deploy strong subject authority in your UX design, focus on providing reliable content, maintaining a professional appearance, sharing testimonials and social proof, and offering accessible support. By incorporating these elements into your design, users are more likely to have a positive, intuitive reaction to your product and become loyal, satisfied customers.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "m30ePaw_qa36m9Rv9NSFf": {
+    "title": "Be Authentic and Personal",
+    "description": "When creating a user experience (UX) design, it's essential to be authentic and personal. This means that your design should be genuine, truthful, and relatable to your users. By being authentic and personal, you can create a positive intuitive reaction in your users, as they feel connected and engaged with your website or application. Here are some tips to make your UX design authentic and personal:\n\n#### 1\\. Understand your user persona(s)\n\nBefore you start designing, define your target audience and create user personas that represent them. This may include their age, gender, occupation, interests, and pain points. By understanding the different personas, you can create a design that resonates with each of them, meeting their needs and expectations.\n\n#### 2\\. Use natural and conversational language\n\nTo make your design personal, use natural and conversational language that speaks directly to your users. Avoid jargons, buzzwords, or overly formal language that can create a barrier between you and your users. Your users should be able to understand the content and interact with it smoothly.\n\n#### 3\\. Employ appropriate imagery and visuals\n\nTo enhance authenticity, incorporate images and graphics that are relevant and relatable to your target audience. This means using high-quality, real-life pictures of people or objects that genuinely represent your brand or product. Avoid overused stock images, as they can significantly decrease the perceived authenticity of your design.\n\n#### 4\\. Make emotional connections\n\nEmotions play a vital role in creating personal connections with users. In your design, use color schemes, fonts, and visual elements that evoke emotions and encourage users to form an emotional attachment to your product or brand. The more emotionally invested users are, the more positive their intuitive reactions will be.\n\n#### 5\\. Consistency in design elements\n\nAn authentic user experience is characterized by consistency in design elements, including typography, colors, and visual hierarchy. This consistency helps users feel reassured and comfortable, as they can easily understand and navigate through the design.\n\n#### 6\\. Provide personalized experiences\n\nTo create an authentic UX design, offer personalized experiences to your users based on their preferences, browsing history, or other data. This might include recommending content they may be interested in or tailoring the website layout to meet their specific needs.\n\nBy being authentic and personal in your UX design, you can create a positive and memorable experience for your users. By understanding your target audience, using natural language, incorporating engaging visuals, and providing personalized experiences, you can foster user engagement, trust, and loyalty towards your product or brand.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "jBQtuiHGl3eyCTZG85Vz5": {
+    "title": "Prime User-Relevant Associations",
+    "description": "Priming user relevant associations is a vital concept in UX design, aiming to create positive associations with various aspects of the user's experience. To achieve this, designers must tap into the cognitive aspects influencing a user's perception, decision-making, and overall satisfaction with the product or service.\n\nUnderstanding User Relevance\n----------------------------\n\nTo prime user-relevant associations, it's essential to first understand the users and their expectations. Conduct user research to identify their motivations, preferences, and context of use. This helps in shaping the product's design and creating experiences that resonate with their specific needs and desires.\n\nCreating Meaningful Experiences\n-------------------------------\n\nFoster meaningful experiences to evoke positive emotions and establish strong resonating associations. This can be done through:\n\n*   Consistent Branding: Provide a cohesive and continuous visual language throughout the experience. Create harmony by using uniform colors, typography, imagery, and overall design system.\n    \n*   Emotional Design: Create memorable experiences by incorporating emotionally-driven visuals, copy, and interactions. Appeal to users' emotions through the use of storytelling, relatability, and various other persuasive techniques.\n    \n*   Design for Real-life Usage: Understand and address user pain points by offering practical solutions. Design for the user's context of use so they find purpose in the product.\n    \n\nReinforcing Positive Associations\n---------------------------------\n\nConstant reinforcement of positive associations is crucial throughout the user journey. This can be achieved by:\n\n*   Timely Feedback: Ensure that the user receives feedback on the outcome of their actions, both for successful and unsuccessful attempts. Use appropriate visual and auditory cues to guide users and reassure them of their progress.\n    \n*   Reward System: Encourage users through rewards - this could be as simple as congratulatory messages or more complex mechanisms like progress bars or achievements.\n    \n*   Personalization: Customize the user experience to each individual user, tailoring the content, visuals, and interactions as per their preference and past behaviors.\n    \n\nBenefits\n--------\n\nBy successfully priming user-relevant associations, designers can:\n\n*   Foster user satisfaction\n*   Build trust and credibility\n*   Establish long-lasting customer relationships\n*   Increase user engagement and product adoption\n*   Encourage brand loyalty\n\nBy closely understanding and addressing users' needs and preferences, UX designers can create favorable conscious evaluations and ultimately lay a solid foundation for a successful user experience.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "zXinWCEH4LlYvXekLK0Ju": {
+    "title": "Leverage Loss-Aversion",
+    "description": "Loss aversion is a psychological phenomenon where individuals are more likely to avoid losses than to achieve equivalent gains. In other words, people feel the pain of losing something more strongly than they feel the pleasure of gaining something of equal value. As a UX designer, you can leverage loss aversion to encourage user engagement, increase conversions, and boost overall user satisfaction.\n\nTips for applying loss aversion in UX design:\n---------------------------------------------\n\n*   **Highlight potential losses:** Emphasize the negative consequences of not taking action. For example, instead of focusing on the benefits of signing up for a newsletter, you could stress the valuable insights and opportunities the user will miss out on if they don't subscribe.\n    \n*   **Use time-sensitive offers:** Creating a sense of urgency can be a powerful motivator for users to take action. Limited-time offers, discounts, or exclusive content can tap into users' fear of missing out (FOMO) and prompt them to engage with your product or service.\n    \n*   **Free trials and progress tracking:** Offer free trials with limited features or time frames that encourage users to explore the full potential of your product. Show users the progress they've made during the trial and remind them what they'll lose if they don't upgrade or purchase.\n    \n*   **Saved user data:** Retain user preferences, settings, or shopping cart data for a limited time, and remind them that this information will be lost if they don't act. This can be especially persuasive, as users may have already invested time and effort into customizing their experience.\n    \n*   **Social proof and testimonials:** Showcase the success stories and testimonials of satisfied customers or users. This can create a sense of loss for prospects who may feel like they're falling behind or missing out on the advantages enjoyed by others.\n    \n*   **Risk reversal and guarantees:** Reduce the perceived risk by offering money-back guarantees, free returns, or no-strings-attached trials. By taking away the potential for loss, users may be more likely to give your product or service a try.\n    \n\nRemember, the goal is to create a balanced user experience that informs and helps users make informed decisions, without resorting to manipulative tactics. Use loss aversion thoughtfully and ethically, and always prioritize the needs and emotions of your users.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "iKHU0O0z6gCunCgv_aZye": {
+    "title": "Use Peer Comparisons",
+    "description": "Peer comparisons involve using feedback or showcasing how other users, especially those with similar attributes or objectives, are interacting with your product. This can be a powerful tool in influencing user behavior and driving favorable conscious evaluation.\n\nWhy Use Peer Comparisons?\n-------------------------\n\n*   **Social Proof:** Peer comparisons provide social proof of the value of your product, which can reassure users and boost their willingness to adopt it.\n*   **Healthy Competition:** Comparisons with peers can motivate users to improve their performance and fully utilize your product to stay ahead.\n*   **Personal Relevance:** Peer comparisons are more relatable than general statistics or testimonials, since users see the results of others who are in similar situations.\n*   **Guidance:** By observing the actions of their peers, users can learn best practices and common pitfalls, improving their overall experience with your product.\n\nHow to Implement Peer Comparisons\n---------------------------------\n\n*   **Choose Relevant Peers:** To make comparisons meaningful and motivating, focus on users who share key attributes, goals, or contexts with the target user. Tailor the comparisons accordingly.\n*   **Highlight Key Metrics:** Showcase an individual's progress, usage, or success with the product in comparison to their peers. Ensure these metrics are relevant and understandable to your users.\n*   **Provide Context:** Make sure that users can understand why they are being compared to a particular peer group, minimizing potential resentment or disinterest.\n*   **Maintain Anonymity:** To respect user privacy and avoid potential negative experiences, ensure that personal information is not shared without consent.\n*   **Enable Opt-Out:** Users should always have the option to opt out of peer comparisons if they find it intrusive or unhelpful.\n\nCaveats\n-------\n\n*   Be aware that peer comparisons can lead to unintended consequences if not handled properly, such as demotivation, social pressure, or decreased self-esteem.\n*   Always respect user privacy and ensure a positive, supportive environment when implementing peer comparisons in your UX design.\n\nBy effectively leveraging peer comparisons, you can enhance user engagement and satisfaction, ultimately creating a more successful and enjoyable product experience.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "6Mvm8SrISyTT99AJ-VFaW": {
+    "title": "Use Competition",
+    "description": "Utilizing competition in UX design can lead to more engaging and motivating user experiences. By incorporating competitive elements, you encourage users to not only interact with your product or system but also compare their performance with others. This comparison can fuel their desire to improve, return to the app, and spend more time on your platform. Below are key points to keep in mind when using competition in UX design:\n\nIdentify appropriate competitive elements\n-----------------------------------------\n\nIt is crucial to determine which competitive elements are suitable for your target audience and the nature of your product. For example:\n\n*   **Leaderboards:** Show rankings of top users based on points or achievements, encouraging users to climb higher in rankings.\n*   **Badges and awards:** Recognize users' achievements by awarding virtual trophies or badges for completing specific tasks.\n*   **Challenges:** Set up periodic or one-time events where users need to complete a task within a certain timeframe to win prizes.\n\nBalance competition with collaboration\n--------------------------------------\n\nEnsure that your UX design balances competition and collaboration. Too much competition can create a hostile environment, while collaboration allows users to support each other and work together. For example, you could have a group leaderboard where users can form teams and compete against other teams or create collaborative challenges where users must work together to succeed collectively.\n\nConsider the target audience\n----------------------------\n\nKeep your target audience in mind when incorporating competitive elements in your UX design. Understand the motivation and preferences of your users to create competition that appeals to them. For example, casual users might prefer low-pressure, friendly competitions, whereas professional or hardcore users might appreciate more intense, skill-based competitions.\n\nBe mindful of negative impacts\n------------------------------\n\nBe aware of the potential for negative implications that competition can bring, such as increased stress or social comparison. To mitigate these, consider:\n\n*   Allowing users to opt-out of competitive features and leaderboards.\n*   Maintaining a friendly and positive tone in your app's language.\n*   Rewarding users for improvements in their performance, rather than just absolute performance levels.\n\nMeasure success\n---------------\n\nEvaluate the effectiveness of the competitive features in your UX design by tracking relevant metrics such as user engagement, time spent in the app, user retention, and user satisfaction. Use this data to iterate and refine the competition aspects based on user feedback and performance.\n\nIn conclusion, using competition in UX design can create engaging experiences that motivate users, encouraging them to delve deeper into your app or platform. By carefully considering your target audience and the potential pitfalls of competition, you will be well on your way to crafting a user experience that keeps users coming back for more.\n\n* * *",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "4AzPOKXUN32CkgchRMrRY": {
+    "title": "Avoid Cognitive Overhead",
+    "description": "Cognitive overhead refers to the mental effort needed to understand or operate a given system, tool, or interface. In UX design, it is crucial to minimize cognitive overhead to create user-friendly and efficient experiences. The less mental effort a user needs to invest, the more likely they will have a positive conscious evaluation of your design. Here are three key strategies to help you avoid cognitive overhead in your designs:\n\n#### 1\\. Keep it simple\n\nA clutter-free, clean, and easy-to-navigate design is always a good starting point. In order to keep cognitive overhead to a minimum, focus on simplifying both the interface and the content:\n\n*   Utilize white space: By providing ample space between functional elements, you make it easier for users to scan and process the interface.\n*   Reduce the number of options: Offering too many choices can overwhelm users or cause them to second-guess their decisions. Aim for a balance of ease and functionality.\n\n#### 2\\. Establish a clear hierarchy\n\nA well-structured hierarchy helps users navigate your design and understand the relationship between elements. This reduces cognitive overhead as users don't have to work hard to make sense of the interface:\n\n*   Organize content logically: Group related items together and place them in a consistent order.\n*   Use size, color, and typography effectively: Make important information stand out and use visual cues to indicate less important elements.\n\n#### 3\\. Provide clear & concise instructions\n\nYour design should guide users effortlessly, which can be achieved by providing clear directions or prompts:\n\n*   Use actionable language: Be precise and direct with your wording, and avoid using jargon.\n*   Offer visual cues & feedback: Include well-placed icons, highlighted sections, or animation to support the user's actions and indicate the outcome of those actions.\n\nIn summary, reducing cognitive overhead in your UX design is essential to create an efficient and user-friendly experience. Adopt a simple and clean design, establish a clear hierarchy, and provide helpful instructions to ensure more favorable conscious evaluations from your users.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "8wxlu4KA2iu9CJa1UAUll": {
+    "title": "Avoid Choice Overload",
+    "description": "Choice overload is a phenomenon that occurs when users are presented with too many options, causing decision paralysis, anxiety, and ultimately, dissatisfaction with their final choice. As a UX designer, it's essential to ensure that users can easily make decisions within your designs, so it's important to avoid choice overload. In this section, we'll discuss some strategies for managing the number of options and streamlining decision-making processes for users.\n\nLimit the Number of Options\n---------------------------\n\nResearch has shown that a user's ability to make decisions decreases as the number of options increases. To avoid overwhelming users, aim to present no more than 5-7 options at a time. This can be applied to menus, product listings, or any other area where users are asked to make a selection. Remember to prioritize the most important or commonly used options and make them more prominent within the design.\n\nCategorize and Organize Options\n-------------------------------\n\nWhen users are presented with multiple choices, it's crucial to make it easy for them to understand and differentiate between the available options. By categorizing and organizing options into logical groups, users can more quickly find the information or functionality they need. Consider using headings, icons, or other visual cues to assist in organizing content effectively.\n\nImplement Smart Defaults\n------------------------\n\nTo help users make decisions quicker, consider setting default selections for certain choices. By pre-selecting the most commonly used or recommended option, users can easily accept the default if it aligns with their needs, or quickly change it if necessary. This not only saves time and effort for the user, but it can also guide them towards an optimal outcome based on their needs.\n\nAdvanced Filtering and Sorting Options\n--------------------------------------\n\nIf your design requires users to make complex decisions, such as choosing a product from an extensive catalog, consider implementing advanced filtering and sorting options. By giving users the ability to refine their options based on specific attributes, they can more easily identify the best option for their needs. Make sure these filtering options are easy to understand and use, and provide clear feedback on the number of results remaining as users adjust their filters.\n\nBy being mindful of choice overload and implementing these strategies, you can create a more enjoyable and user-friendly experience for your users. Remember, the goal is to make their decision-making process as seamless and stress-free as possible.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "iQNvKhwhvbis4Yn1ZxQua": {
+    "title": "Avoid Direct Payments",
+    "description": "Avoiding direct payments is a crucial aspect of UX design that can lead to favorable conscious evaluations from users. Direct payments refer to instances where users are required to pay for your product or service upfront, which can create a negative perception and less willingness to engage. By finding alternative ways to monetize or offer premium features, you can create an enjoyable experience and encourage users to appreciate and invest in your offerings without feeling forced.\n\nWhy it Matters?\n---------------\n\n*   **Trust-Building**: When users are not asked to pay upfront or have no hidden costs, they are more likely to trust your product or service, increasing the likelihood of loyal customers.\n*   **Accessibility**: Making your offerings available without direct payments ensures a larger and more diverse audience can experience the value your product provides, which can lead to increased traffic and eventual conversions.\n*   **Reduced churn**: Users who do not feel \"locked-in\" by having to pay upfront are less likely to abandon your product or service in search of alternative solutions.\n\nStrategies to Avoid Direct Payments\n-----------------------------------\n\n*   **Offer a free trial**: Provide users with a limited-time free trial of your product or service to showcase its value and encourage them to invest once the trial is over.\n*   **Freemium model**: Allow users to access basic features of your product for free, while offering premium features at a cost. This model lets users experience your offerings without having to pay upfront and gives them the option to upgrade if they find value in it.\n*   **In-app purchases**: Incorporate in-app purchases within your product, which enables users to access premium features and benefits without being forced to pay upfront.\n*   **Subscriptions**: Offer subscriptions as an alternative payment method that allows users to access premium features and receive updates frequently, creating a sense of loyalty and commitment.\n*   **Pay-as-you-go or usage-based pricing**: Implement a flexible pricing model where users only pay for what they use or when they use a specific feature, removing the barrier of direct payments and increasing user satisfaction.\n\nBy avoiding direct payments and implementing these strategies, a UX designer can create a user experience that fosters trust, accessibility, and user engagement. By doing so, you increase the likelihood of gaining favorable conscious evaluations of your product, ultimately leading to long-term success.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "S9rJr8pc-Ln8BxG0suBWa": {
+    "title": "Frame Text to Avoid Temporal Myopia",
+    "description": "Temporal myopia, also known as short-termism, occurs when individuals or organizations prioritize immediate gains over long-term benefits. This focus on the present can lead to suboptimal decisions, negatively impacting the overall user experience (UX) in the long run. As a UX designer, your goal is to avoid temporal myopia and create designs keeping the long-term user experience in mind.\n\nLong-term vs. Short-term UX\n---------------------------\n\nIt's essential to balance short-term goals, such as increasing conversions or sales, with long-term UX objectives, such as user satisfaction and loyalty. Consider the following when avoiding temporal myopia in your designs:\n\n#### 1\\. Sustainable Design Solutions\n\nDesign for both the present and future by creating sustainable design solutions that adapt to evolving user needs and technology advancements. This approach will ensure a seamless experience across different contexts and platforms, catering to growth and change.\n\n#### 2\\. Prioritize User Needs\n\nUnderstand and prioritize user needs throughout the development process. Strive to balance business objectives with end-user satisfaction, focusing on designing experiences that create lasting value for both parties.\n\n#### 3\\. Iterate and Test\n\nAdopt a continuous improvement mindset and emphasize the importance of iteration and testing in the design process. This approach will enable you to refine and perfect your designs over time, addressing any negative impacts of short-term decisions and meeting long-term user requirements.\n\n#### 4\\. User Feedback\n\nIncorporate user feedback into your design process, gathering insights from diverse sources such as usability testing, surveys, and customer reviews. Analyzing user feedback will help you identify elements that contribute to a positive long-term experience and can inform your design choices.\n\n#### 5\\. Build Trust and Loyalty\n\nDesign experiences that foster trust and loyalty with users, including employing principles of personalization, security, transparency, and accessibility. Establishing long-term relationships with users will help you better understand their needs and adapt your designs as their requirements change over time.\n\nBy avoiding temporal myopia in your UX design process, you'll create experiences that cater to both immediate and long-term user needs while fostering trust and loyalty. Balancing short-term gains with a long-term user-centric focus will help you deliver designs that stand the test of time and provide lasting value to both users and organizations.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "kR-UbUFdELVeiPJqT0GlZ": {
+    "title": "Remind of Prior Commitment to Act",
+    "description": "Sometimes, users need a gentle reminder of the commitments or decisions they've made in the past to help them move forward in their user journey. As a UX designer, you can incorporate these reminders to create a sense of urgency and promote desired actions from users.\n\nBenefits of Reminding Users of Prior Commitments\n------------------------------------------------\n\n*   **Motivate users to act**: When reminded of a commitment they've already made, users are more likely to follow through with the action, especially if they feel they've invested time or resources toward that action.\n*   **Create a sense of urgency**: By emphasizing the importance of their commitments, users are more likely to prioritize their tasks and act sooner.\n*   **Promote consistency**: Reminding users of their prior commitments can promote consistency in their behavior and decision-making, leading to a better user experience.\n\nStrategies to Remind Users of Prior Commitments\n-----------------------------------------------\n\n*   **Display progress indicators**: Show users how far they have come in a process, such as filling out a form or completing a survey, to remind them of their progress so far.\n*   **Use notifications**: Send timely notifications or reminders to remind users of their prior commitments, such as appointments they made or tasks they wished to complete.\n*   **Leverage personalized content**: Customize content to emphasize a user's previous actions, for example, by showing related products based on prior purchases, or pre-filling forms with previously entered data.\n*   **Create social proof**: Showcase testimonials, reviews, or follower counts to remind users of their decision to join a community or use a product, creating a sense of belonging and reinforcing their initial commitment.\n\nBy incorporating reminders of prior commitments in the user experience, you can make users feel more invested in the process, create a sense of urgency, and ultimately, improve the overall UX design.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "dOL2z6ULpmzRD5N3MrYCy": {
+    "title": "Make Commitment to Friends",
+    "description": "One of the key strategies to create a sense of urgency in your UX design is to encourage users to make commitments with their friends. This approach leverages the power of social influence and personal accountability to drive user engagement and action.\n\nWhy it's effective\n------------------\n\n*   **Social Proof:** When users see that their friends have already made a commitment, they are more likely to follow suit. This creates a sense of social validation and peer pressure, which can nudge users towards making similar decisions.\n*   **Accountability:** Making a commitment with friends can increase a user's sense of responsibility and dedication to follow through on their decision. Knowing that their actions are being observed by others makes backing out less attractive, hence increasing the chances of users following through on their commitments.\n\nHow to implement it in your UX design\n-------------------------------------\n\n*   **Show friend's activity:** Design your interface to portray commitments and actions made by friends. For example, social media platforms often show a user's friends who have already signed up for an event or have endorsed a product.\n*   **Enable sharing:** Make it easy for users to share their commitments, interests, or goals with their friends. This could include features like sharing buttons or personalized social media posts.\n*   **Create group goals:** Allow users to commit to a shared goal together. Design experiences that encourage collaboration and teamwork, such as group challenges or competitions.\n*   **Offer incentives for group commitments:** Reward users for achieving goals together, for example, offering discounts or exclusive features for a group of friends who sign up for a service together.\n\nBy incorporating the \"make commitment to friends\" concept in your UX design, you can tap into people's natural tendencies of social conformity and accountability. This encourages users to engage with your product, convert to actions, and more importantly, stick around for the long haul.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "1pzONoWafLAeX8eWbH-Dz": {
+    "title": "Make Reward Scarce",
+    "description": "One of the effective techniques to create urgency in UX design is to make rewards scarce. Making a reward scarce means limiting its availability in terms of quantity or time. This scarcity increases its perceived value leading to urgency among users to act fast in order to avail the reward. Here, we'll discuss some strategies to make rewards scarce in your design:\n\nLimited Quantity\n----------------\n\nIntroduce rewards with limited quantities, making users feel that they need to act fast before the rewards are gone. This exerts psychological pressure as users do not want to miss out on the opportunity.\n\n_Example_: You can offer a limited quantity promotion wherein the first 50 customers to make a purchase receive a bonus gift or a special discount.\n\nLimited Time Offers\n-------------------\n\nCreating time-based limitations on rewards is another effective way to increase urgency. The inherent nature of time works its magic by encouraging users to be quick to avoid missing out on the reward.\n\n_Example_: Flash sales, 24-hour promotions and countdown timers are examples of limited-time offers that create urgency to buy now or miss out on the deal.\n\nExclusive Access\n----------------\n\nOffering exclusive access to specific features, content or experiences for a limited number of users not only increases perceived value but also adds a sense of exclusivity.\n\n_Example_: Granting access to a members-only online event, beta release of an application, or special product launches can create urgency to sign-up or purchase for the privilege of having that exclusive access.\n\nSeasonal Rewards\n----------------\n\nAlign the rewards with seasons, events, or holidays, creating a natural sense of scarcity due to the time-bound nature of these events.\n\n_Example_: Offering discounts, special promotions, or limited edition items connected to holidays or events like Christmas, Valentine's Day, Black Friday, etc., can create a sense of urgency as users are aware that these opportunities only come around once a year.\n\nRemember to apply these strategies ethically and transparently when designing experiences in your application. Creating genuine scarcity and urgency will ensure that your users value your offers and continue to engage with your product.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "EmDgiwaknBz5lXr1rwalE": {
+    "title": "Elicit Implementation Intentions",
+    "description": "Eliciting implementation intentions is a powerful technique used in UX design to help users achieve their goals while using your platform or product. Implementation intentions are formed when users are encouraged to think about and plan specific actions they will take to reach a desired outcome. By incorporating prompts and guidance for users to make these plans, you can boost their chances of success and improve overall user satisfaction. In this section, we will discuss how to effectively elicit implementation intentions.\n\nWhy Implementation Intentions Matter\n------------------------------------\n\nNumerous studies show that when people form implementation intentions, they are more likely to follow through with their plans and achieve their goals. Instead of just having a vague idea of what they want to accomplish, users with implementation intentions have a clear roadmap of how and when to take action. This removes much of the guesswork and ambiguity that can hinder success and can make your UX design more effective at helping users achieve their desired outcomes.\n\nHow to Elicit Implementation Intentions\n---------------------------------------\n\nTo encourage users to form implementation intentions, you'll want to create prompts and guidance within your UX design that help them identify and plan for the specific actions they will take. Here are some tips to help you do this:\n\n*   **Break down goals into subtasks**: To help users make plans, divide their overarching goal into smaller, more manageable subtasks. Present these subtasks clearly within your design and encourage users to think about how and when they will complete them.\n    \n*   **Provide clear instructions**: Offer step-by-step guidance to help users accomplish each subtask. This can take the form of tooltips, onboarding flows, or even simple checklists.\n    \n*   **Set attainable deadlines**: Encourage users to set specific deadlines for when they will complete each subtask. Including a built-in calendar or scheduling functionality can help make this process more seamless.\n    \n*   **Create reminders and notifications**: Incorporate reminder mechanisms into your design to help users stay on track with their plans. This can include push notifications, email reminders, or in-app alerts.\n    \n*   **Track progress**: Make it easy for users to track their progress toward goal completion. Visual aids, such as progress bars and checklists, go a long way in helping users see how far they've come and encouraging them to keep going.\n    \n*   **Offer encouragement and feedback**: Positive reinforcement can help keep users motivated and engaged with their plans. Congratulate users on milestones reached and provide feedback on their progress.\n    \n\nBy incorporating these strategies into your UX design, you can foster an environment that supports users in forming implementation intentions and helps them achieve their goals more effectively. Remember, the easier it is for users to make plans and take actionable steps towards their objectives, the more successful and satisfied they will be with your product.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "wE5gt1vMgbF3csA61VO2-": {
+    "title": "Default Everything",
+    "description": "One of the key principles in UX design is to **make it easy for users** by creating a seamless and intuitive interface. One effective way to achieve this is by implementing **default settings** for various user actions and input fields. Default settings not only simplify the decision-making process but also save time and prevent errors. In this section, we will discuss the importance of default settings and provide some practical tips for implementing them in your UX design.\n\n#### Why are default settings important?\n\n*   **Save time and effort:** Defaults reduce the cognitive load on the user, as they don't have to manually set options while interacting with your product. They can quickly proceed without worrying about customizing every single element.\n    \n*   **Increase usability:** Defaults make it easier for users to use your product without needing to understand the complexities involved. This is especially helpful for new users who are still exploring your product and might be overwhelmed by too many options.\n    \n*   **Reduce errors:** Errors are more likely to occur when users have to configure complex settings manually. Providing default options minimizes the chances of error and ensures a smoother experience.\n    \n\n#### Tips for implementing default settings in your UX design:\n\n*   **Choose sensible defaults:** It's essential to carefully consider which default settings are most appropriate for your target user group. Keep their needs and preferences in mind while making these choices.\n    \n*   **Allow customization:** While providing default settings, it's crucial to give users the flexibility to change these settings as per their needs. Make sure that customization options are easily accessible so that users can modify them if required.\n    \n*   **Set progressive defaults:** Progressive defaults adjust over time based on a user's behavior and choices. For example, if a user always selects a specific option, make that the new default for that user. This personalizes the experience and demonstrates that your product is actively adapting to the user's preferences.\n    \n*   **Test your defaults:** It's important to test and validate your default settings to ensure that they benefit your users. Collect feedback, conduct user testing, and iterate to find the most effective defaults for your product.\n    \n\nBy implementing default settings in your UX design, you'll simplify the user's experience and make it easier for them to interact with your product. By choosing the right defaults and constantly testing and refining them, you'll provide a more satisfying and efficient experience for your users.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "gf7et64xCqkYBrP9HwWs_": {
+    "title": "Lessen the Burden of Action / Info",
+    "description": "The goal of \"lessening the burden of action information\" is to simplify and streamline the user experience so that users can efficiently accomplish their tasks without confusion or frustration. Here are some key ways to do this:\n\n*   #### Provide Clear Instructions\n    \n    Clearly communicate to your users what they need to do. Ensure language is clear, concise and easily understood. This reduces the chances of users feeling lost or not knowing what to do.\n*   #### Minimize Steps\n    \n    Reduce the number of steps or actions users need to take in order to complete a task. This not only simplifies the process but also saves users' time and effort.\n*   #### Declutter Interface\n    \n    Remove unnecessary elements from your interface that might distract or confuse your users. Focus on presenting only the essential information and UI components, which will allow your users to navigate and interact more easily.\n*   #### Group Related Actions\n    \n    Organize similar actions and options together. This helps users understand the logical flow of completing a task and makes the interface easier to navigate.\n*   #### Break Down Complex Tasks\n    \n    Break complex tasks into smaller, more manageable sub-tasks or steps. This helps users understand the overall process better and allows them to focus on one step at a time.\n*   #### Make Default Values Meaningful\n    \n    Set default values that make sense and help users to complete actions more quickly. This saves users the time and effort of manually entering or selecting values in certain cases.\n\nBy implementing these techniques in your UX design, you will make it easier for users to interact with and complete tasks within your product, leading to a more satisfying and successful experience.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "gqOnzmiLQHmIXuEe4jG2e": {
+    "title": "Deploy Peer Comparisons",
+    "description": "Deploying peer comparisons in UX design involves showing users how their actions or decisions stack up against those of other users in a similar context. This technique can be highly effective in motivating users to take desired actions, especially when backed by strong social proof. It's crucial, however, to implement peer comparisons in a way that is both ethical and user-friendly. Let's explore key considerations and best practices for including peer comparisons in your UX design.\n\nBenefits of Peer Comparisons\n----------------------------\n\n*   **Motivation** - Users often feel encouraged to take desired actions when they see peers doing the same. This phenomenon is called social proof, a powerful motivator for persuasive design.\n*   **Informative** - Comparisons can provide users with valuable insights, such as how they rank against peers or how much improvement they can make.\n*   **Friendly Competition** - Peer comparisons can introduce a healthy sense of competition among users, which can lead to positive outcomes.\n\nBest Practices for Deploying Peer Comparisons\n---------------------------------------------\n\n*   **Ensure Relevance** - Make sure the peer comparisons displayed are relevant and useful to the user. Irrelevant comparisons can lead to confusion or frustration.\n*   **Don't Shame Users** - Avoid designing comparisons that put users down in any way. Focus on creating a positive experience and highlighting the benefits of adopting desired behaviors.\n*   **Respect Privacy** - Be mindful of users' privacy by obtaining consent before displaying their personal data or comparing their actions with others.\n*   **Provide Opt-Out Options** - Give users the choice to remove themselves from peer comparisons or view comparisons anonymously.\n*   **Avoid Overwhelming Users** - Display comparisons sparingly and thoughtfully. Excessive peer comparisons can be overwhelming or counterproductive.\n\nBy carefully implementing peer comparisons in your UX design, you can effectively motivate users to take desired actions, while maintaining a positive and intuitive user experience. Remember to be considerate of users' privacy and preferences when introducing this powerful technique.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "GgBazWfF2OvOqkuo3DO2L": {
+    "title": "Measuring the Impact",
+    "description": "Measuring the impact of UX design is crucial to understand its effectiveness and make necessary improvements. In this section, we'll explore the key metrics, methods, and tools to help you measure the impact of your UX design efforts.\n\nKey Metrics\n-----------\n\nSeveral metrics can help you find out whether your UX design is meeting the objectives. Some prominent ones include:\n\n*   **User satisfaction**: Gather feedback through surveys, ratings, or interviews to evaluate users' satisfaction with your design.\n*   **Task completion**: Measure the percentage of users who can complete specific tasks within the design without trouble.\n*   **Completion time**: Analyze the time taken by users to complete tasks, indicating efficiency and ease of use.\n*   **Error rate**: Track the number of errors users make while interacting with your design to assess usability.\n*   **Conversion rate**: Calculate the percentage of users who achieve the targeted action (sign-ups, purchases, etc.) to measure design effectiveness.\n\nMethods of Measurement\n----------------------\n\nVarious methods can be employed to measure the impact of UX design, such as:\n\n*   **Usability testing**: Conduct tests with real users to observe their interactions with your design, identify issues and improvement areas.\n*   **A/B testing**: Compare two different versions of your design to determine which one better meets your objectives.\n*   **Heatmaps**: Visualize user interactions (clicks, taps, scrolls) within your design to identify popular areas and potential trouble spots.\n*   **User surveys and interviews**: Collect qualitative data on user satisfaction, preferences, and pain points to assess the design's impact.\n\nTools for Measuring Impact\n--------------------------\n\nSeveral tools can assist you in measuring the impact of your UX design, including:\n\n*   **Google Analytics**: A free tool to track user behavior, such as conversion rates, bounce rates, and user flows within your design.\n*   **Hotjar**: A popular tool to create heatmaps, collect user feedback, and record user sessions for analysis.\n*   **Optimizely**: A platform for A/B testing, multivariate testing, and personalization of your design.\n*   **UsabilityHub**: A user testing platform that offers a range of tools to test your design, including first-click tests, preference tests, and five-second tests.\n\nBy regularly measuring the impact of your UX design and analyzing the gathered data, you can effectively enhance your design, ensuring positive user experiences and achieving your business goals.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "Q4xBz9f3yyZi2F_aZ5ixL": {
+    "title": "Incremental A/B Testing",
+    "description": "Incremental A/B testing is the process of testing small design, content, or functionality changes in your user experience (UX) design to evaluate their impact on your conversion goals. Instead of making a large, sweeping change to your design, incremental A/B testing focuses on smaller, iterative changes that can be measured and analyzed. This approach has several benefits:\n\nReduced Risk\n------------\n\nBy making smaller, more focused changes, you can reduce the risk associated with bigger changes that may affect several aspects of your design. This allows you to isolate specific elements of the user experience and determine the impact of your changes more accurately.\n\nEasier Implementation\n---------------------\n\nIncremental changes are typically easier to implement and test, which can lead to shorter development cycles and a quicker turnaround time on improvements. This can help you save valuable resources, such as time and budget, while improving your UX design.\n\nMore Data-Based Insights\n------------------------\n\nSince incremental A/B testing generates more specific and focused results, you can gather more data-based insights to help you make better, informed decisions on your UX design. This can lead to a more targeted approach when making future design improvements.\n\nHow to Conduct Incremental A/B Testing:\n---------------------------------------\n\n**Step 1: Identify Your Goal**\n\nBefore you begin testing, you need to have a clear understanding of the goal you are trying to achieve with your incremental change. This could be increasing conversion rates, reducing bounce rates, or improving user engagement.\n\n**Step 2: Define a Hypothesis**\n\nDevelop a hypothesis for each change. Your hypothesis should be based on research and data and should clearly state your expected outcome from the incremental change.\n\n**Step 3: Design and Implement Changes**\n\nDesign and implement your changes in line with your hypothesis. Keep your changes specific, targeted, and incremental to improve data accuracy and make implementation easier.\n\n**Step 4: Set up A/B Testing**\n\nUse a reliable A/B testing tool to set up your testing environment. Ensure that you have a control version (without changes) and a treatment version (with changes) to compare within the test.\n\n**Step 5: Analyze and Interpret Results**\n\nOnce you've completed your test, analyze the results to determine if your incremental change has had the desired impact on your goal. Evaluate the data and make decisions based on your findings.\n\n**Step 6: Iterate and Improve**\n\nBased on your results, iterate and make improvements to your UX design. Continue running incremental A/B tests as you fine-tune your design to achieve the best possible user experience.\n\nBy making use of incremental A/B testing, you thoroughly understand the impact of each small change in your UX design, which empowers you to create an optimized user experience and reach your conversion goals effectively.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "-_T2nzp1vV1jUcpsC5DI3": {
+    "title": "Multivariate Testing",
+    "description": "Multivariate testing is an advanced user testing method that allows designers to test multiple elements or variations within a single test. Its primary goal is to identify the best-performing variations among several competing design alternatives. Multivariate testing provides insights on how different design variations impact user experience and conversions, and helps in identifying which combination of elements works best for your users.\n\nHow it Works\n------------\n\nIn a multivariate test, several design variations are presented to different groups of users simultaneously. The test seeks to measure the performance of each design variation utilizing clearly-defined metrics like conversion rates, number of clicks, or user engagement. Data is collected and analyzed to determine which variation has the greatest positive impact on those pre-identified metrics.\n\nKey Advantages\n--------------\n\n*   **Optimization**: Multivariate testing enables designers to optimize their designs by identifying the best-performing variations for each element. This ultimately leads to improved overall performance of the user interface.\n*   **Increased Confidence**: By comparing multiple design elements simultaneously, designers can gather data-driven insights to make informed decisions, increasing confidence in their design choices.\n*   **Efficiency**: Multivariate testing enables designers to test several elements in a single test. This saves time, effort, and resources compared to testing each element individually.\n\nWhen to Use Multivariate Testing\n--------------------------------\n\n*   **Complex Designs or High Traffic**: Multivariate testing is particularly suitable for complex designs with multiple combinations, or situations when the design is expected to generate high traffic.\n*   **Confirming Best-Performing Variations**: When simplistic A/B testing does not provide enough information to determine which variation is the best, multivariate testing can provide deeper insights.\n*   **When Hypotheses are Uncertain**: If you're unsure which design element is responsible for driving desired user behavior, a multivariate test can provide valuable information to guide your design decisions.\n\nThings to Consider\n------------------\n\nMultivariate testing may require a larger user sample size compared to A/B testing, as more variations of the design are being analyzed. Additionally, this method works best when there is sufficient traffic or a high volume of user engagement.\n\nKeep in mind that while multivariate testing can provide valuable insights, it's important not to lose sight of the big picture. Focus on testing elements that are truly critical to your design goals and prioritize user feedback at every stage of the process.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "Emby09Nsm_j6uNreT58r6": {
+    "title": "Gather Lessons, Prioritize & Integrate",
+    "description": "One of the most important aspects of measuring the impact of UX design is to gather lessons, prioritize them, and integrate them into future iterations. This process ensures that you're continuously improving your product design and user experience.\n\nGather Lessons\n--------------\n\nThe first step in this process is to gather the lessons you've learned as a result of your UX design impact measurements. You should take note of both the strong and weak points of your current design. Some methods to gather these lessons include user feedback, quantitative data from usability tests, and qualitative insights from user interviews or surveys. Collecting this data helps you to get a comprehensive understanding of what is working well and what needs improvements in your product design.\n\nPrioritize\n----------\n\nAfter gathering the lessons, it's crucial to identify and prioritize the most important issues that need to be addressed. Prioritization can be based on various factors, such as the severity of the issue, the number of users affected, the effort required for the improvement, and the potential impact on user satisfaction.\n\nTo help with prioritization, you can make use of methods such as:\n\n*   Impact-Effort Matrix: Rank issues based on their potential impact on users and the effort required to resolve them.\n*   MoSCoW Method: Classify issues as \"Must-Have,\" \"Should-Have,\" \"Could-Have,\" or \"Won't-Have.\"\n*   Kano Model: Identify issues that will delight users, satisfy their basic needs, or cause dissatisfaction if not addressed.\n\nBy prioritizing issues, you'll be able to allocate the right resources and time to solve them effectively.\n\nIntegrate\n---------\n\nOnce you have prioritized the key issues, the next step is to integrate them into your product roadmap and design process. This means addressing these issues during iteration planning, incorporating them into your design requirements, and working closely with your development team to ensure they're implemented appropriately.\n\nMonitoring the progress and evaluating the impact of these changes in subsequent iterations is also important. This will help you validate the success of your efforts and provide valuable insights for continuous improvement.\n\nTo summarize, gathering lessons, prioritizing, and integrating them into your UX design process is essential for measuring the impact and knowing the areas of improvement. By continuously iterating and learning from user feedback and data, you can build a more effective and engaging product for your users.",
+    "links": []
+  }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/public/roadmap-content/vue.json b/public/roadmap-content/vue.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d5c669400
--- /dev/null
+++ b/public/roadmap-content/vue.json
@@ -0,0 +1,1097 @@
+{
+  "0EevuyZiyty3X3Jzpjl4y": {
+    "title": "Components",
+    "description": "Components allow us to split the UI into independent and reusable pieces, and think about each piece in isolation.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Components Basics",
+        "url": "https://vuejs.org/guide/essentials/component-basics.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Components in Depth",
+        "url": "https://vuejs.org/guide/components/registration.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "y9ToYDix-koRbR6FLydFw": {
+    "title": "create-vue",
+    "description": "[create-vue](https://github.com/vuejs/create-vue) is a CLI tool that helps you create a new Vue project with a single command. It is a simple and easy-to-use tool that saves you time and effort when setting up a new Vue project.\n\nLearn more using the following resources:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Creating a Vue Project",
+        "url": "https://cli.vuejs.org/guide/creating-a-project.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Vue.js",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/vuejs?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "VNBRlJkdH6NOOzGXUrbZK": {
+    "title": "Single File Components",
+    "description": "Vue Single-File Components (a.k.a. `*.vue` files, abbreviated as SFC) is a special file format that allows us to encapsulate the template, logic, and styling of a Vue component in a single file.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Single File Components",
+        "url": "https://vuejs.org/guide/scaling-up/sfc.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "2HhKifjuDcP3eKpanRMEQ": {
+    "title": "Component Registration",
+    "description": "A Vue component needs to be \"registered\" so that Vue knows where to locate its implementation when it is encountered in a template. There are two ways to register components: global and local.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Component Registration",
+        "url": "https://vuejs.org/guide/components/registration.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "raEfI4GLMW2fOucka07VE": {
+    "title": "Props",
+    "description": "If we are building a blog, we will likely need a component representing a blog post. We want all the blog posts to share the same visual layout, but with different content. Such a component won't be useful unless you can pass data to it, such as the title and content of the specific post we want to display. That's where props come in.\n\nProps are custom attributes you can register on a component.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Props Basics",
+        "url": "https://vuejs.org/guide/essentials/component-basics.html#passing-props",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Props in Depth",
+        "url": "https://vuejs.org/guide/components/props.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "X0J3ogH3W8EQe68tLfcGL": {
+    "title": "Events",
+    "description": "As we develop our applications we may need to communicate with the parent component in order to notify of some actions e.g. when a user clicks on a button. In order to do this we need to use events.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Listening to Events",
+        "url": "https://vuejs.org/guide/essentials/component-basics.html#listening-to-events",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Events in Detail",
+        "url": "https://vuejs.org/guide/components/events.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "swpyZFUO4UO3mW8Bvf1Te": {
+    "title": "v-model",
+    "description": "v-model is a directive that allows you to create two-way data bindings on form input, textarea, and select elements. It automatically picks the correct way to update the element based on the input type.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Vue.js Guide",
+        "url": "https://vuejs.org/guide/components/v-model.html#component-v-model",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "4S5fVFsFDMbq05ld7n0sF": {
+    "title": "Attribute Inheritance",
+    "description": "Attribute inheritance aka \"fallthrough attributes\" is a feature of Vue.js that allows you to inherit attributes from a parent component.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Fallthrough Attributes",
+        "url": "https://vuejs.org/guide/components/attrs.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "VlcYnTHW5d4J_zLYupvu5": {
+    "title": "Templates",
+    "description": "Vue uses an HTML-based template syntax that allows you to declaratively bind the rendered DOM to the underlying component instance's data. All Vue templates are syntactically valid HTML that can be parsed by spec-compliant browsers and HTML parsers.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Template Syntax",
+        "url": "https://vuejs.org/guide/essentials/template-syntax.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "CGdw3PqLRb9OqFU5SqmE1": {
+    "title": "Directives",
+    "description": "Directives are special attributes with the `v-` prefix. Vue provides a number of [built-in directives](https://vuejs.org/api/built-in-directives.html).\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Directives Documentation",
+        "url": "https://vuejs.org/guide/essentials/template-syntax.html#directives",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "OpJ2NMKCGXQezpzURE45R": {
+    "title": "API Styles",
+    "description": "Up until Vue 2, there was one way to create components in Vue. With Vue 3, a new methodology was introduced called the Composition API. Now, if we want to make a component in Vue, we have two ways to do it. You might be wondering what the difference is, exactly, so let’s take a look at how the newer Composition API differs from the Vue 2 methodology, which is now known as the Options API\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "The Difference Between the Composition API and Options API in Vue",
+        "url": "https://fjolt.com/article/vue-composition-api-vs-options-api",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "PPUU3Rb73aCpT4zcyvlJE": {
+    "title": "Options API",
+    "description": "We use Options API in a Vue application to write and define different components. With this API, we can use options such as data, methods, and mounted.\n\nTo state it simply, Options API is an old way to structure a Vue.JS application. Due to some limitations in this API, Composition API was introduced in Vue 3.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "TypeScript with Options API",
+        "url": "https://vuejs.org/guide/typescript/options-api.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Options API Documentation",
+        "url": "https://vuejs.org/api/#options-api",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "a0qwdQTunxEjQ9A5wpF-q": {
+    "title": "Composition API",
+    "description": "With the release of Vue 3, developers now have access to the Composition API, a new way to write Vue components. This API allows features to be grouped together logically, rather than having to organize your single-file components by function. Using the Composition API can lead to more readable code, and gives the developer more flexibility when developing their applications.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "TypeScript with Composition API",
+        "url": "https://vuejs.org/guide/typescript/composition-api.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Composition API FAQ",
+        "url": "https://vuejs.org/guide/extras/composition-api-faq.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Composition API",
+        "url": "https://vuejs.org/api/#composition-api",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Vue 3 Composition API",
+        "url": "https://www.thisdot.co/blog/vue-3-composition-api-ref-and-reactive",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Vue.js",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/vuejs?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "qRm08uDZW-D8QDc-9sPX8": {
+    "title": "App Configurations",
+    "description": "Every application instance exposes a `config` object that contains the configuration settings for that application. You can modify its properties before mounting your application.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Official Documentation",
+        "url": "https://vuejs.org/api/application.html#app-config",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "official API Documentation",
+        "url": "https://vuejs.org/api/application.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "ftqDoGpwqqWQnu4NQSsMk": {
+    "title": "Rendering Lists",
+    "description": "We can use the `v-for` directive to render a list of items based on an array. The `v-for` directive requires a special syntax in the form of `item in items`, where `items` is the source data array and `item` is an alias for the array element being iterated on.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Rendering Lists in Vue.js",
+        "url": "https://vuejs.org/guide/essentials/list.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "1oIt_5OK-t2WaCgaYt9A8": {
+    "title": "Error / Warn Handler",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "gihxGgt177BK_EYsAfpx9": {
+    "title": "Global Properties",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "f7N4pAp_jBlT8_8owAcbG": {
+    "title": "Performance",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "tU4Umtnfu01t9gLlnlK6b": {
+    "title": "Conditional Rendering",
+    "description": "The directive `v-if` is used to conditionally render a block. The block will only be rendered if the directive's expression returns a truthy value.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Conditional Rendering",
+        "url": "https://vuejs.org/guide/essentials/conditional.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "NCIzs3jbQTv1xXhAaGfZN": {
+    "title": "v-text",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "bZxtIBeIfeUcR32LZWrPW": {
+    "title": "v-html",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "_TlbGTKFCMO0wdLbC6xHX": {
+    "title": "v-show",
+    "description": "`v-show` is similar to `v-if` in that it allows you to conditionally render components. However, it does not remove the component from the DOM and merely toggles its `display` CSS property to be `hidden`. It also does not work with `v-else-if` oe `v-else`.\n\nPrefer `v-show` over `v-if` if the component's visibility needs to change often, and `v-if` if not.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Vue Conditional Rendering Docs",
+        "url": "https://vuejs.org/guide/essentials/conditional.html#v-show",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "xHj3W9Ig3MVuVlGyXchaP": {
+    "title": "v-if",
+    "description": "Conditionally render an element or a template fragment based on the truthy-ness of the expression value.\n\nWhen a `v-if` element is toggled, the element and its contained directives / components are destroyed and re-constructed. If the initial condition is falsy, then the inner content won't be rendered at all.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "v-if Documentation",
+        "url": "https://vuejs.org/api/built-in-directives.html#v-if",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "0CtAZQcFJexMiJfZ-mofv": {
+    "title": "v-else",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "a9caVhderJaVo0v14w8WB": {
+    "title": "v-else-if",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "3ftwRjQ9e1-qDT9BV53zr": {
+    "title": "v-for",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "hVuRmhXVP65IPtuHTORjJ": {
+    "title": "v-on",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "cuM9q9vYy8JpZPGeBffd1": {
+    "title": "v-bind",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "cxu2Wbt306SxM4JKQQqnL": {
+    "title": "v-model",
+    "description": "The v-model directive in Vue.js is used for creating two-way data bindings on form input elements, such as , , and . This means that the data can be updated in the component when the user inputs something, and the UI will update if the data in the component changes.",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Form Input Bindings",
+        "url": "https://vuejs.org/guide/essentials/forms.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "m9pQ3daR3KiwRATcQysHA": {
+    "title": "v-slot",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "5k9CrbzhNy9iiS6ez2UE6": {
+    "title": "v-once",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "mlsrhioiEkqnRIL6O3hNa": {
+    "title": "v-pre",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "RrSekP8Ub01coegMwLP6a": {
+    "title": "v-cloak",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "RRPhAxIqvAcjZIcLe_N8-": {
+    "title": "Optimizing Renders",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "dxwKfBxd5KYVkfEPMdHp-": {
+    "title": "Debugging",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "WiGG9_4G5y-AVA9byw6_g": {
+    "title": "Lifecycle Hooks",
+    "description": "Each Vue component instance goes through a series of initialization steps when it's created - for example, it needs to set up data observation, compile the template, mount the instance to the DOM, and update the DOM when data changes. Along the way, it also runs functions called lifecycle hooks, giving users the opportunity to add their own code at specific stages.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Life Cycle Hooks",
+        "url": "https://vuejs.org/guide/essentials/lifecycle.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "The Lifecycles of Vue.js",
+        "url": "https://dev.to/amolikvivian/the-lifecycles-of-vue-js-lhh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about React Hooks",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/react-hooks?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "PQu4TyJOfCEaafW5th0e4": {
+    "title": "Forms Handling",
+    "description": "You can use the `v-model` directive to create two-way data bindings on form input elements. It automatically picks the correct way to update the element based on the input type.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Form Input Bindings",
+        "url": "https://vuejs.org/guide/essentials/forms.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "A complete guide to forms in Vue.js",
+        "url": "https://blog.logrocket.com/an-imperative-guide-to-forms-in-vue-js-2/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Vue JS 3 Tutorial - Form Handling",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T-AE-GtSlN4",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "NfB3HlZ3uwYK5xszvV50b": {
+    "title": "Input Bindings",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "gMFndBcrTC6FtGryqN6dX": {
+    "title": "v-model",
+    "description": "The v-model directive in Vue.js is used for creating two-way data bindings on form input elements, such as , , and . This means that the data can be updated in the component when the user inputs something, and the UI will update if the data in the component changes.",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Form Input Bindings",
+        "url": "https://vuejs.org/guide/essentials/forms.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "dSfrFLr8wKkLAOMJwtCTr": {
+    "title": "Modifiers",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "4p6Gh2fMPA8hls_mWa5HR": {
+    "title": "Event Handling",
+    "description": "When you build a dynamic website with Vue you'll most likely want it to be able to respond to events. For example, if a user clicks a button, submits a form, or even just moves their mouse, you may want your Vue site to respond somehow.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Event Handling in Vue.js",
+        "url": "https://vuejs.org/guide/essentials/event-handling.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "b7iXwtUnELg_ShbCyTrNA": {
+    "title": "Binding Events",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "gVahaZNPktQuqdukFEbQH": {
+    "title": "Inline / Method Handlers",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "Aaf7eA-5sbAD5Cs1MbdTQ": {
+    "title": "Event Modifiers",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "BXw36wqhmi3gExXwFCIBd": {
+    "title": "Key Modifiers",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "x0wl2Qz2LTP4Q2tThKAt3": {
+    "title": "Mouse Button Modifiers",
+    "description": "",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "Bx1Atxcf15AEaA1BiSIc6": {
+    "title": "Computed Properties",
+    "description": "In-template expressions are very convenient, but they are meant for simple operations. Putting too much logic in your templates can make them bloated and hard to maintain. Computed properties allow us to simplify the complex logic that includes reactive data.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Computed Properties",
+        "url": "https://vuejs.org/guide/essentials/computed.html#computed-properties",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "Re7tv1U0LxYqE5ShFxQSf": {
+    "title": "Async Components",
+    "description": "In large applications, we may need to divide the app into smaller chunks and only load a component from the server when it's needed. To make that possible, Vue has a `defineAsyncComponent` function.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Async Components",
+        "url": "https://vuejs.org/guide/components/async.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "SGsd08ZTu4H76s8cfbCKe": {
+    "title": "Teleport Components",
+    "description": "Sometimes we may run into the following scenario: a part of a component's template belongs to it logically, but from a visual standpoint, it should be displayed somewhere else in the DOM, outside of the Vue application. This is where the `<Teleport>` component comes in.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Teleport Components",
+        "url": "https://vuejs.org/guide/built-ins/teleport.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "xwVbhOpQMPPB4G-lhro0B": {
+    "title": "Provide / Inject",
+    "description": "Usually, when we need to pass data from the parent to a child component, we use props. However, imagine the case where we have a large component tree, and a deeply nested component needs something from a distant ancestor component. With only props, we would have to pass the same prop across the entire parent chain. We can solve props drilling with `provide` and `inject`.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Provide / Inject in Vue.js",
+        "url": "https://vuejs.org/guide/components/provide-inject.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "br1r8KIf5KInY5mk2xhA6": {
+    "title": "Custom Directives",
+    "description": "So far you may have covered two forms of code reuse in Vue: [components](https://vuejs.org/guide/essentials/component-basics.html) and [composables](https://vuejs.org/guide/reusability/composables.html). Components are the main building blocks, while composables are focused on reusing stateful logic. Custom directives, on the other hand, are mainly intended for reusing logic that involves low-level DOM access on plain elements.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Custom Directives",
+        "url": "https://vuejs.org/guide/reusability/custom-directives.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "_Nc8ivQrdpKuf8MwaV-K7": {
+    "title": "Plugins",
+    "description": "Plugins are self-contained code that usually add app-level functionality to Vue.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Plugins in Vue.js",
+        "url": "https://vuejs.org/guide/reusability/plugins.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How to Write Your Own Vue.js Plugin",
+        "url": "https://www.linode.com/docs/guides/how-to-write-vue-js-plugins/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "kdlXhbw_a81xdZtyK-pVa": {
+    "title": "Watchers",
+    "description": "Computed properties allow us to declaratively compute derived values. However, there are cases where we need to perform \"side effects\" in reaction to state changes - for example, mutating the DOM, or changing another piece of state based on the result of an async operation.\n\nWith Composition API, we can use the watch function to trigger a callback whenever a piece of reactive state changes.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Watchers in Vue.js",
+        "url": "https://vuejs.org/guide/essentials/watchers.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "jkX66izOHVWqtyd6KZ0K6": {
+    "title": "Slots",
+    "description": "In some cases, we may want to pass a template fragment to a child component, and let the child component render the fragment within its own template. The `<slot>` element is a slot outlet that indicates where the parent-provided slot content should be rendered.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Slots in Vue.js",
+        "url": "https://vuejs.org/guide/components/slots.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "SWpWg5J5N9ZfY_DaIigA5": {
+    "title": "Transition",
+    "description": "Vue offers two built-in components that can help work with transitions and animations in response to changing state:\n\n*   `<Transition>` for applying animations when an element or component is entering and leaving the DOM. This is covered on this page.\n*   `<TransitionGroup>` for applying animations when an element or component is inserted into, removed from, or moved within a `v-for` list. This is covered in the next chapter.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Transition Component",
+        "url": "https://vuejs.org/guide/built-ins/transition.html#transition",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "HjzOYjS-7ZEBvElRJ8uN2": {
+    "title": "Transition Group",
+    "description": "`<TransitionGroup>` is a built-in component designed for animating the insertion, removal, and order change of elements or components that are rendered in a list.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "TransitionGroup Component",
+        "url": "https://vuejs.org/guide/built-ins/transition-group.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "Z9szBPFXfqK_KsvzkR-rf": {
+    "title": "VueUse",
+    "description": "VueUse is a collection of utility functions based on Composition API. It has over 200+ functions, is tree-shakable, has first-class TypeScript support, and has a small bundle size. VueUse is a great choice for adding common utilities to your Vue 3 projects.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Official Website - VueUse",
+        "url": "https://vueuse.org/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "ixRG0xfEp4BmyvCR0mtoR": {
+    "title": "Routing",
+    "description": "Routing is an essential concept in Single Page Applications (SPA). When your application is divided into separated logical sections, and all of them are under their own URL, your users can easily share links among each other.",
+    "links": []
+  },
+  "COxkmvqe9jFtV9WtGjfbh": {
+    "title": "Vue Router",
+    "description": "Vue Router is the official router for Vue.js which allows creating static/dynamic routes, has support for navigation interception, allows for component based configuration and much more.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Vue Router",
+        "url": "https://router.vuejs.org/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Vue.js",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/vuejs?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "The Vue Router",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=juocv4AtrHo",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "izGdctxP_OvQNvaMwVIrh": {
+    "title": "Forms",
+    "description": "Apart from the built-in form-binding support, there are several options available that allow for handling forms and data in much convenient manner.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Form Input Bindings",
+        "url": "https://vuejs.org/guide/essentials/forms.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "User Inputs in Vue 3",
+        "url": "https://vueschool.io/lessons/user-inputs-vue-devtools-in-vue-3?friend=vuejs",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "BXz1utB_2eYzFvzSbFKx0": {
+    "title": "FormKit",
+    "description": "FormKit helps build forms faster by simplifying form structure, generation, validation, theming, submission, error handling, and more.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Formkit Documentation",
+        "url": "https://formkit.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "_Fmp8_z4SKWfKUE80_fqb": {
+    "title": "Vee Validate",
+    "description": "OpenSource plugin to handle form validations in Vue.js\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "logarem/vee-validate",
+        "url": "https://github.com/logaretm/vee-validate",
+        "type": "opensource"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Official Website: Vee Validate",
+        "url": "https://vee-validate.logaretm.com/v4/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "6U_CAhAY_jyj_4Mzj_HL_": {
+    "title": "Vuelidate",
+    "description": "Simple, lightweight model-based validation for Vue.js.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "vuelidate/vuelidate",
+        "url": "https://github.com/vuelidate/vuelidate",
+        "type": "opensource"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Official Website: Vuelidate",
+        "url": "https://vuelidate.js.org/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "Cm6mqXYp-G4mGfPxuU73_": {
+    "title": "SSR",
+    "description": "Server-side rendering refers to the process that the service side completes the HTML structure splicing of the page, sends it to the browser, and then binds the status and events for it to become a fully interactive page.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "what is server side rendering",
+        "url": "https://www.educative.io/answers/what-is-server-side-rendering",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "When should I Server-Side Render?",
+        "url": "https://medium.com/@mbleigh/when-should-i-server-side-render-c2a383ff2d0f",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Server-Side Rendering (SSR)",
+        "url": "https://vuejs.org/guide/scaling-up/ssr.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Web Development",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/webdev?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "what is server side rendering?",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GQzn7XRdzxY",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "What is server-side rendering for web development?",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=okvg3MRAPs0",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "822tGnM9jOkYh9aNlosPr": {
+    "title": "SSG",
+    "description": "A static site generator is a tool that generates a full static HTML website based on raw data and a set of templates. Essentially, a static site generator automates the task of coding individual HTML pages and gets those pages ready to serve to users ahead of time. Because these HTML pages are pre-built, they can load very quickly in users' browsers.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is a static site generator?",
+        "url": "https://www.cloudflare.com/learning/performance/static-site-generator/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Next.js SSG",
+        "url": "https://nextjs.org/docs/advanced-features/static-html-export",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Gatsby SSG",
+        "url": "https://www.gatsbyjs.com/docs/glossary/static-site-generator/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "SSG — An 11ty, Vite And JAM Sandwich",
+        "url": "https://www.smashingmagazine.com/2021/10/building-ssg-11ty-vite-jam-sandwich/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Web Development",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/webdev?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "f2udJnT2q5eDmBZ_OKtmi": {
+    "title": "Quasar",
+    "description": "Quasar Framework is an open-source Vue.js based framework for building apps, with a single codebase, and deploy it on the Web as a SPA, PWA, SSR, to a Mobile App, using Cordova for iOS & Android, and to a Desktop App, using Electron for Mac, Windows, and Linux.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Official Website: Quasar",
+        "url": "https://quasar.dev/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Quasar Framework: Vue.js Cross Platform App",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=opmng7llVJ0&list=PLAiDzIdBfy8iu_MZrq3IPuSFcRgCQ0iL0",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How to Build an App using Quasar Framework",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=czJIuHyPPXo",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "8xZxTLYq5m5_nkGh2lfUt": {
+    "title": "Nuxt.js",
+    "description": "Nuxt.js is a free and open source JavaScript library based on Vue.js, Node.js, Webpack and Babel.js. Nuxt is inspired by Next.js, which is a framework of similar purpose, based on React.js.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Nuxt Website",
+        "url": "https://nuxt.com/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Nuxt Docs",
+        "url": "https://nuxt.com/docs/getting-started/introduction",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Get Started with Nuxt",
+        "url": "https://explorers.netlify.com/learn/get-started-with-nuxt",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Nuxt.js Fundamentals",
+        "url": "https://vueschool.io/courses/nuxtjs-fundamentals",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Nuxt Examples",
+        "url": "https://nuxt.com/docs/examples/essentials/hello-world",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about JavaScript",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/javascript?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "_46COO0FGaFuCYwqaRRWy": {
+    "title": "VitePress",
+    "description": "Vitepress is a static site generator that is built on top of Vite. It is a lightweight and fast static site generator that is designed to work with Vue 3. Vitepress is a great choice for building documentation sites, blogs, and other static sites.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Official Website",
+        "url": "https://vitepress.dev/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "LjEAviRMtPLwUUlfcof1h": {
+    "title": "Vitest",
+    "description": "Vitest is a fast Vite-native unit test framework with out-of-box ESM and TypeScript support. Works on React, Vue, Svelte and more projects created with Vite\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Vitest Website",
+        "url": "https://vitest.dev/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Testing with Vitest",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cM_AeQHzlGg",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "p5bUvgr_3H-A55ZnEExk8": {
+    "title": "Vue Testing Library",
+    "description": "The Vue Testing Library is a very lightweight solution for testing Vue components. Its primary guiding principle is: The more your tests resemble the way your software is used, the more confidence they can give you.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Getting Started with Vue Testing Library",
+        "url": "https://testing-library.com/docs/vue-testing-library/intro/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Testing",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/testing?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "JbMKUVDMUygjXXmhndHVs": {
+    "title": "Cypress",
+    "description": "Cypress framework is a JavaScript-based end-to-end testing framework built on top of Mocha – a feature-rich JavaScript test framework running on and in the browser, making asynchronous testing simple and convenient. It also uses a BDD/TDD assertion library and a browser to pair with any JavaScript testing framework.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Official Website",
+        "url": "https://www.cypress.io/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Official Documentation",
+        "url": "https://docs.cypress.io/guides/overview/why-cypress#Other",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Cypress",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/cypress?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Cypress End-to-End Testing",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7N63cMKosIE",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "zqcE3bTnymdepV-Yc8qBl": {
+    "title": "Playwright",
+    "description": "Playwright Test was created specifically to accommodate the needs of end-to-end testing. Playwright supports all modern rendering engines including Chromium, WebKit, and Firefox. Test on Windows, Linux, and macOS, locally or on CI, headless or headed with native mobile emulation of Google Chrome for Android and Mobile Safari.Playwright leverages the DevTools protocol to write powerful, stable automated tests.Playwright can actually see into and control the browser rather than relying on a middle translation layer, it allows for the simulation of more insightful and relevant user scenarios.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Official Website: Playwright",
+        "url": "https://playwright.dev/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Playwright Tutorial: Learn Basics and Setup",
+        "url": "https://www.browserstack.com/guide/playwright-tutorial",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "TkzlmJ85O-e-KfMhTBwry": {
+    "title": "Tailwind CSS",
+    "description": "CSS Framework that provides atomic CSS classes to help you style components e.g. `flex`, `pt-4`, `text-center` and `rotate-90` that can be composed to build any design, directly in your markup.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Tailwind Website",
+        "url": "https://tailwindcss.com",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about CSS",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/css?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Tailwind CSS Full Course for Beginners",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lCxcTsOHrjo",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Tailwind CSS Crash Course",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UBOj6rqRUME",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Should You Use Tailwind CSS?",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hdGsFpZ0J2E",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Official Screencasts",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/c/TailwindLabs/videos",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "VNclt_QQthWb2u4xWI_uY": {
+    "title": "Vuetify",
+    "description": "Vuetify is a Vue UI Library with beautifully handcrafted Material Components. No design skills required — everything you need to create amazing applications is at your fingertips.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Official Website",
+        "url": "https://vuetifyjs.com/en/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Getting started with Vuetify",
+        "url": "https://vuetifyjs.com/en/getting-started/installation/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Vue.js",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/vuejs?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Vuetify: Create an App with Vue JS - in 30 MINUTES!",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CjXgoYo86yY",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "NMIh8rqLM5P-Uk65uHATn": {
+    "title": "Element UI",
+    "description": "Element UI is another Vue.js component library with several built-in components to style your Vue.js applications.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Official Website",
+        "url": "https://element-plus.org/en-US/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Official Getting Started",
+        "url": "https://element-plus.org/en-US/guide/design.html",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "9AwVtwIv6TfP9F4ulz2F0": {
+    "title": "State Management",
+    "description": "Application state management is the process of maintaining knowledge of an application's inputs across multiple related data flows that form a complete business transaction -- or a session -- to understand the condition of the app at any given moment. In computer science, an input is information put into the program by the user and state refers to the condition of an application according to its stored inputs -- saved as variables or constants. State can also be described as the collection of preserved information that forms a complete session.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "What is State Management?",
+        "url": "https://www.techtarget.com/searchapparchitecture/definition/state-management",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "NIvjyhtTFC1gomtGQT_2t": {
+    "title": "Pinia",
+    "description": "Pinia is a store library for Vue.js, and can be used in Vue 2 and Vue 3, with the same API, except in SSR and its installation. It allows state sharing between pages and components around the application. As the documentation says, it is extensible, intuitive (by organization), has devtools support (in Vue.js devtools), inferred typed state even in javascript and more. In Pinia you can access, mutate, replace, use getters that works like computed, use actions, etc. The library is recommended by the official Vue.js documentation.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Official Documentation",
+        "url": "https://pinia.vuejs.org/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Learn Pinia in 30Minutes",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JGC7aAC-3y8",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "ZLlz0Azfze-8k3z8HnVvE": {
+    "title": "API Calls",
+    "description": "There are several options available to make API calls from your Vue.js applications.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "How To Make API calls in Vue.JS Applications",
+        "url": "https://medium.com/bb-tutorials-and-thoughts/how-to-make-api-calls-in-vue-js-applications-43e017d4dc86",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "l2Rl6OQbL7kYvPlpYCZ0Z": {
+    "title": "Apollo",
+    "description": "Apollo is a platform for building a unified graph, a communication layer that helps you manage the flow of data between your application clients (such as web and native apps) and your back-end services.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Apollo Website",
+        "url": "https://www.apollographql.com",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Official Docs",
+        "url": "https://www.apollographql.com/docs/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Apollo",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/apollo?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Official YouTube Channel",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/c/ApolloGraphQL/",
+        "type": "video"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "GraphQL With React Tutorial - Apollo Client",
+        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YyUWW04HwKY",
+        "type": "video"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "n5IlN-wv4k0r16CvhoSpD": {
+    "title": "Axios",
+    "description": "The most common way for frontend programs to communicate with servers is through the HTTP protocol. You are probably familiar with the Fetch API and the XMLHttpRequest interface, which allows you to fetch resources and make HTTP requests.\n\nAxios is a client HTTP API based on the XMLHttpRequest interface provided by browsers.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Axios Getting Started",
+        "url": "https://axios-http.com/docs/intro",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "How to make HTTP requests with Axios",
+        "url": "https://blog.logrocket.com/how-to-make-http-requests-like-a-pro-with-axios/#why",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Axios",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/axios?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "ufnt87swK61kxShLuVc1-": {
+    "title": "fetch",
+    "description": "The fetch() method in JavaScript is used to request to the server and load the information on the webpages. The request can be of any APIs that return the data of the format JSON or XML. This method returns a promise.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Fetch MDN Docs",
+        "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Fetch_API/Using_Fetch",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Fetch W3school Docs",
+        "url": "https://www.w3schools.com/jsref/api_fetch.asp",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Network request - Fetch",
+        "url": "https://javascript.info/fetch",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "WSq_cDKQPZa_qmQlIdGXg": {
+    "title": "Tanstack Query",
+    "description": "TanStack Query is a data fetching and caching library for Vue.js and React. It is a part of the TanStack ecosystem.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Official Website",
+        "url": "https://tanstack.com/query",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "3RwIO-S8-xOYKNmfwk0pf": {
+    "title": "Mobile Apps",
+    "description": "Building a mobile application with Vue.js is not impossible. In fact, you can build production-ready apps that look and feel like native mobile apps with Vue.js.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Comparing Vue.js mobile app development frameworks",
+        "url": "https://blog.logrocket.com/comparing-vue-js-mobile-app-development-frameworks/#whyusevuejstobuildmobileapps",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Native Script + Vue",
+        "url": "https://nativescript-vue.org/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Explore top posts about Mobile Development",
+        "url": "https://app.daily.dev/tags/mobile?ref=roadmapsh",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "IsNzCdS05tbAK0D1zz0Sf": {
+    "title": "Capacitor",
+    "description": "Since Vue.js is a web framework, it does not natively support mobile app development. So how do we get access to native mobile features such as the camera and geolocation? Ionic has an official native runtime called Capacitor. With Capacitor’s plugin, you can access the native API of the device your app is running on and build truly native mobile application with Ionic Vue.\n\nVisit the following resources to learn more:",
+    "links": [
+      {
+        "title": "Building cross-platform apps with Capacitor and Vue.js",
+        "url": "https://blog.logrocket.com/building-cross-platform-apps-with-capacitor-and-vue-js/",
+        "type": "article"
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Building Mobile Apps With Capacitor And Vue.js",
+        "url": "https://www.smashingmagazine.com/2018/07/mobile-apps-capacitor-vue-js/",
+        "type": "article"
+      }
+    ]
+  }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/public/roadmaps/git-github.png b/public/roadmaps/git-github.png
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cf527c3c1
Binary files /dev/null and b/public/roadmaps/git-github.png differ
diff --git a/readme.md b/readme.md
index d31caba50..d7ea4bf78 100644
--- a/readme.md
+++ b/readme.md
@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@ Here is the list of available roadmaps with more being actively worked upon.
 - [Backend Roadmap](https://roadmap.sh/backend) / [Backend Beginner Roadmap](https://roadmap.sh/backend?r=backend-beginner)
 - [DevOps Roadmap](https://roadmap.sh/devops) / [DevOps Beginner Roadmap](https://roadmap.sh/devops?r=devops-beginner)
 - [Full Stack Roadmap](https://roadmap.sh/full-stack)
+- [Git and GitHub Roadmap](https://roadmap.sh/git-github)
 - [API Design Roadmap](https://roadmap.sh/api-design)
 - [Computer Science Roadmap](https://roadmap.sh/computer-science)
 - [Data Structures and Algorithms Roadmap](https://roadmap.sh/datastructures-and-algorithms)
diff --git a/scripts/editor-roadmap-content-json.ts b/scripts/editor-roadmap-content-json.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4dc6efc96
--- /dev/null
+++ b/scripts/editor-roadmap-content-json.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,184 @@
+import fs from 'node:fs/promises';
+import path from 'node:path';
+import { fileURLToPath } from 'node:url';
+import type { Node } from 'reactflow';
+import matter from 'gray-matter';
+import type { RoadmapFrontmatter } from '../src/lib/roadmap';
+import { slugify } from '../src/lib/slugger';
+import { markdownToHtml } from '../src/lib/markdown';
+import { HTMLElement, parse } from 'node-html-parser';
+import { htmlToMarkdown } from '../src/lib/html';
+
+const __filename = fileURLToPath(import.meta.url);
+const __dirname = path.dirname(__filename);
+
+export const allowedLinkTypes = [
+  'video',
+  'article',
+  'opensource',
+  'course',
+  'website',
+  'podcast',
+] as const;
+
+// Directory containing the roadmaps
+const ROADMAP_CONTENT_DIR = path.join(__dirname, '../src/data/roadmaps');
+const allRoadmaps = await fs.readdir(ROADMAP_CONTENT_DIR);
+
+const editorRoadmapIds = new Set<string>();
+for (const roadmapId of allRoadmaps) {
+  const roadmapFrontmatterDir = path.join(
+    ROADMAP_CONTENT_DIR,
+    roadmapId,
+    `${roadmapId}.md`,
+  );
+  const roadmapFrontmatterRaw = await fs.readFile(
+    roadmapFrontmatterDir,
+    'utf-8',
+  );
+  const { data } = matter(roadmapFrontmatterRaw);
+
+  const roadmapFrontmatter = data as RoadmapFrontmatter;
+  if (roadmapFrontmatter.renderer === 'editor') {
+    editorRoadmapIds.add(roadmapId);
+  }
+}
+
+const publicRoadmapsContentDir = path.join('./public', 'roadmap-content');
+const stats = await fs.stat(publicRoadmapsContentDir).catch(() => null);
+if (!stats || !stats.isDirectory()) {
+  await fs.mkdir(publicRoadmapsContentDir, { recursive: true });
+}
+
+for (const roadmapId of editorRoadmapIds) {
+  console.log(`🚀 Starting ${roadmapId}`);
+
+  const roadmapDir = path.join(
+    ROADMAP_CONTENT_DIR,
+    roadmapId,
+    `${roadmapId}.json`,
+  );
+  const roadmapContent = await fs.readFile(roadmapDir, 'utf-8');
+  let { nodes } = JSON.parse(roadmapContent) as {
+    nodes: Node[];
+  };
+  nodes = nodes.filter(
+    (node) =>
+      node?.type &&
+      ['topic', 'subtopic', 'todo'].includes(node.type) &&
+      node.data?.label,
+  );
+
+  const roadmapContentDir = path.join(
+    ROADMAP_CONTENT_DIR,
+    roadmapId,
+    'content',
+  );
+  const stats = await fs.stat(roadmapContentDir).catch(() => null);
+  if (!stats || !stats.isDirectory()) {
+    await fs.mkdir(roadmapContentDir, { recursive: true });
+  }
+
+  const roadmapContentFiles = await fs.readdir(roadmapContentDir, {
+    recursive: true,
+  });
+
+  const contentMap: Record<
+    string,
+    {
+      title: string;
+      description: string;
+      links: {
+        title: string;
+        url: string;
+        type: string;
+      }[];
+    }
+  > = {};
+
+  for (const node of nodes) {
+    const ndoeDirPatterWithoutExt = `${slugify(node.data.label)}@${node.id}`;
+    const nodeDirPattern = `${ndoeDirPatterWithoutExt}.md`;
+    if (!roadmapContentFiles.includes(nodeDirPattern)) {
+      contentMap[nodeDirPattern] = {
+        title: node.data.label,
+        description: '',
+        links: [],
+      };
+
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    const content = await fs.readFile(
+      path.join(roadmapContentDir, nodeDirPattern),
+      'utf-8',
+    );
+    const html = markdownToHtml(content, false);
+    const rootHtml = parse(html);
+
+    let ulWithLinks: HTMLElement | undefined;
+    rootHtml.querySelectorAll('ul').forEach((ul) => {
+      const listWithJustLinks = Array.from(ul.querySelectorAll('li')).filter(
+        (li) => {
+          const link = li.querySelector('a');
+          return link && link.textContent?.trim() === li.textContent?.trim();
+        },
+      );
+
+      if (listWithJustLinks.length > 0) {
+        ulWithLinks = ul;
+      }
+    });
+
+    const listLinks =
+      ulWithLinks !== undefined
+        ? Array.from(ulWithLinks.querySelectorAll('li > a'))
+            .map((link) => {
+              const typePattern = /@([a-z.]+)@/;
+              let linkText = link.textContent || '';
+              const linkHref = link.getAttribute('href') || '';
+              let linkType = linkText.match(typePattern)?.[1] || 'article';
+              linkType = allowedLinkTypes.includes(linkType as any)
+                ? linkType
+                : 'article';
+
+              linkText = linkText.replace(typePattern, '');
+
+              return {
+                title: linkText,
+                url: linkHref,
+                type: linkType,
+              };
+            })
+            .sort((a, b) => {
+              const order = [
+                'official',
+                'opensource',
+                'article',
+                'video',
+                'feed',
+              ];
+              return order.indexOf(a.type) - order.indexOf(b.type);
+            })
+        : [];
+
+    const title = rootHtml.querySelector('h1');
+    ulWithLinks?.remove();
+    title?.remove();
+    const htmlStringWithoutLinks = rootHtml.toString();
+    const description = htmlToMarkdown(htmlStringWithoutLinks);
+
+    contentMap[node.id] = {
+      title: node.data.label,
+      description,
+      links: listLinks,
+    };
+  }
+
+  await fs.writeFile(
+    path.join(publicRoadmapsContentDir, `${roadmapId}.json`),
+    JSON.stringify(contentMap, null, 2),
+  );
+  console.log(`✅ Finished ${roadmapId}`);
+  console.log('-'.repeat(20));
+}
diff --git a/src/components/CreateTeam/ContentConfirmationModal.tsx b/src/components/CreateTeam/ContentConfirmationModal.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..616ac7b72
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/components/CreateTeam/ContentConfirmationModal.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+import { Modal } from '../Modal';
+
+type ContentConfirmationModalProps = {
+  onClose: () => void;
+  onClick: (shouldCopy: boolean) => void;
+};
+
+export function ContentConfirmationModal(props: ContentConfirmationModalProps) {
+  const { onClose, onClick } = props;
+
+  return (
+    <Modal onClose={onClose}>
+      <div className="p-4">
+        <h2 className="text-lg font-semibold">Roadmap Content</h2>
+        <p className="balanc text-gray-600">
+          Do you want to copy the content of this roadmap?
+        </p>
+        <div className="mt-4 grid grid-cols-2 gap-2">
+          <button
+            className="rounded-lg border p-2.5 font-medium"
+            onClick={() => {
+              onClick(false);
+            }}
+          >
+            No
+          </button>
+          <button
+            className="rounded-lg border bg-black p-2.5 font-medium text-white hover:opacity-80"
+            onClick={() => {
+              onClick(true);
+            }}
+          >
+            Yes
+          </button>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+    </Modal>
+  );
+}
diff --git a/src/components/CreateTeam/RoadmapSelector.tsx b/src/components/CreateTeam/RoadmapSelector.tsx
index 1c82f8087..869bf5518 100644
--- a/src/components/CreateTeam/RoadmapSelector.tsx
+++ b/src/components/CreateTeam/RoadmapSelector.tsx
@@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ export function RoadmapSelector(props: RoadmapSelectorProps) {
         <SelectRoadmapModal
           onClose={() => setShowSelectRoadmapModal(false)}
           teamResourceConfig={teamResources}
-          allRoadmaps={allRoadmaps}
+          allRoadmaps={allRoadmaps.filter(r => r.renderer === 'editor')}
           teamId={teamId}
           onRoadmapAdd={(roadmapId) => {
             addTeamResource(roadmapId).finally(() => {
diff --git a/src/components/CreateTeam/SelectRoadmapModal.tsx b/src/components/CreateTeam/SelectRoadmapModal.tsx
index 91500dd71..3ae63317a 100644
--- a/src/components/CreateTeam/SelectRoadmapModal.tsx
+++ b/src/components/CreateTeam/SelectRoadmapModal.tsx
@@ -60,11 +60,11 @@ export function SelectRoadmapModal(props: SelectRoadmapModalProps) {
     setSearchResults(searchResults);
   }, [searchText, allRoadmaps]);
 
-  const roleBasedRoadmaps = searchResults.filter(
-    (roadmap) => roadmap?.metadata?.tags?.includes('role-roadmap'),
+  const roleBasedRoadmaps = searchResults.filter((roadmap) =>
+    roadmap?.metadata?.tags?.includes('role-roadmap'),
   );
-  const skillBasedRoadmaps = searchResults.filter(
-    (roadmap) => roadmap?.metadata?.tags?.includes('skill-roadmap'),
+  const skillBasedRoadmaps = searchResults.filter((roadmap) =>
+    roadmap?.metadata?.tags?.includes('skill-roadmap'),
   );
 
   return (
@@ -147,6 +147,15 @@ export function SelectRoadmapModal(props: SelectRoadmapModalProps) {
               })}
             </div>
           </div>
+
+          <div className="border-t border-t-yellow-300 text-yellow-900 bg-yellow-100 px-4 py-3 text-sm">
+            <h2 className='font-medium text-base text-yellow-900 mb-1'>More Official Roadmaps Coming Soon</h2>
+            <p>
+              We are currently adding more of our official
+              roadmaps to this list. If you don't see the roadmap you are
+              looking for, please check back later.
+            </p>
+          </div>
         </div>
       </div>
     </div>
diff --git a/src/components/CustomRoadmap/CustomRoadmapRatings.tsx b/src/components/CustomRoadmap/CustomRoadmapRatings.tsx
index 9cf288fe9..a301e8342 100644
--- a/src/components/CustomRoadmap/CustomRoadmapRatings.tsx
+++ b/src/components/CustomRoadmap/CustomRoadmapRatings.tsx
@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@ import { Rating } from '../Rating/Rating';
 import type { RoadmapDocument } from './CreateRoadmap/CreateRoadmapModal';
 import { CustomRoadmapRatingsModal } from './CustomRoadmapRatingsModal';
 import { Star } from 'lucide-react';
+import { isLoggedIn } from '../../lib/jwt.ts';
+import { showLoginPopup } from '../../lib/popup.ts';
 
 type CustomRoadmapRatingsProps = {
   roadmapSlug: string;
@@ -40,6 +42,11 @@ export function CustomRoadmapRatings(props: CustomRoadmapRatingsProps) {
             <button
               className="flex h-[34px] items-center gap-2 rounded-md border border-gray-300 bg-white py-1 pl-2 pr-3 text-sm font-medium hover:border-black"
               onClick={() => {
+                if (!isLoggedIn()) {
+                  showLoginPopup();
+                  return;
+                }
+
                 setIsDetailsOpen(true);
               }}
             >
diff --git a/src/components/EditorRoadmap/EditorRoadmap.tsx b/src/components/EditorRoadmap/EditorRoadmap.tsx
index babb6b664..e3a239cfc 100644
--- a/src/components/EditorRoadmap/EditorRoadmap.tsx
+++ b/src/components/EditorRoadmap/EditorRoadmap.tsx
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ export function EditorRoadmap(props: EditorRoadmapProps) {
           : undefined
       }
       className={
-        'flex aspect-[var(--aspect-ratio)] w-full flex-col justify-center'
+        'mt-5 flex aspect-[var(--aspect-ratio)] w-full flex-col justify-center'
       }
     >
       <EditorRoadmapRenderer
diff --git a/src/components/EditorRoadmap/EditorRoadmapRenderer.css b/src/components/EditorRoadmap/EditorRoadmapRenderer.css
index c02a3bc59..88da24f40 100644
--- a/src/components/EditorRoadmap/EditorRoadmapRenderer.css
+++ b/src/components/EditorRoadmap/EditorRoadmapRenderer.css
@@ -10,7 +10,8 @@ svg g[data-type='link-item'],
 svg > g[data-type='button'],
 svg > g[data-type='resourceButton'],
 svg > g[data-type='todo-checkbox'],
-svg > g[data-type='todo'] {
+svg > g[data-type='todo'],
+svg > g[data-type='checklist'] > g[data-type='checklist-item'] > rect {
   cursor: pointer;
 }
 
@@ -28,6 +29,10 @@ svg g[data-type='todo-checkbox']:hover {
   opacity: 0.8;
 }
 
+svg g[data-type='checklist'] > g[data-type='checklist-item'] > rect:hover {
+  fill: #cbcbcb !important;
+}
+
 svg .done rect {
   fill: #cbcbcb !important;
 }
diff --git a/src/components/EditorRoadmap/EditorRoadmapRenderer.tsx b/src/components/EditorRoadmap/EditorRoadmapRenderer.tsx
index c9be80905..4e358844f 100644
--- a/src/components/EditorRoadmap/EditorRoadmapRenderer.tsx
+++ b/src/components/EditorRoadmap/EditorRoadmapRenderer.tsx
@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@ function getNodeDetails(svgElement: SVGElement): RoadmapNodeDetails | null {
   const nodeId = targetGroup?.dataset?.nodeId;
   const nodeType = targetGroup?.dataset?.type;
   const title = targetGroup?.dataset?.title;
+
   if (!nodeId || !nodeType) {
     return null;
   }
@@ -53,6 +54,7 @@ const allowedNodeTypes = [
   'resourceButton',
   'todo',
   'todo-checkbox',
+  'checklist-item',
 ];
 
 export function EditorRoadmapRenderer(props: RoadmapRendererProps) {
@@ -153,9 +155,30 @@ export function EditorRoadmapRenderer(props: RoadmapRendererProps) {
       return;
     }
 
+    // for the click on rect of checklist-item
+    if (nodeType === 'checklist-item' && target.tagName === 'rect') {
+      e.preventDefault();
+      if (!isLoggedIn()) {
+        showLoginPopup();
+        return;
+      }
+
+      const newStatus = targetGroup?.classList.contains('done')
+        ? 'pending'
+        : 'done';
+      updateTopicStatus(nodeId, newStatus);
+      return;
+    }
+
+    // we don't have the topic popup for checklist-item
+    if (nodeType === 'checklist-item') {
+      return;
+    }
+
     if (!title) {
       return;
     }
+
     const detailsPattern = `${slugify(title)}@${nodeId}`;
     window.dispatchEvent(
       new CustomEvent('roadmap.node.click', {
diff --git a/src/components/Footer.astro b/src/components/Footer.astro
index 80cbed1d0..3eedaddfa 100644
--- a/src/components/Footer.astro
+++ b/src/components/Footer.astro
@@ -48,11 +48,11 @@ import Icon from './AstroIcon.astro';
           <span class='mx-2 text-gray-400'>by</span>
           <a
             class='font-regular rounded-md bg-blue-600 px-1.5 py-1 text-sm hover:bg-blue-700'
-            href='https://kamranahmed.info'
+            href='https://x.com/kamrify'
             target='_blank'
           >
-            <span class='hidden sm:inline'>Kamran</span>
-            <span class='inline sm:hidden'>Kamran Ahmed</span>
+            <span class='hidden sm:inline'>@kamrify</span>
+            <span class='inline sm:hidden'>@kamrify</span>
           </a>
         </p>
         <p class='my-4 text-slate-300/60'>
diff --git a/src/components/OpenSourceStat.astro b/src/components/OpenSourceStat.astro
index 97cf0bd95..f6e2bb063 100644
--- a/src/components/OpenSourceStat.astro
+++ b/src/components/OpenSourceStat.astro
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ const isDiscordMembers = text.toLowerCase() === 'discord members';
   {
     isDiscordMembers && (
       <a
-        href='https://discord.gg/cJpEt5Qbwa'
+        href='https://discord.gg/ZrSpJ8zH'
         target='_blank'
         class='group mt-0 flex flex-col items-center rounded-lg border border-black bg-white px-3 py-2 text-sm hover:bg-black hover:text-white'
       >
diff --git a/src/components/RoadmapHeader.astro b/src/components/RoadmapHeader.astro
index 338b9bf43..103f3dbda 100644
--- a/src/components/RoadmapHeader.astro
+++ b/src/components/RoadmapHeader.astro
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ const hasTnsBanner = !!tnsBannerLink;
           icon={FolderKanbanIcon}
           text='Projects'
           isActive={activeTab === 'projects'}
-          badgeText={projectCount > 0 ? '' : 'soon'}
+          badgeText={projectCount > 0 ? 'new' : 'soon'}
         />
       </div>
 
diff --git a/src/components/Roadmaps/RoadmapsPage.tsx b/src/components/Roadmaps/RoadmapsPage.tsx
index c6a6ca2f4..bdf93eb41 100644
--- a/src/components/Roadmaps/RoadmapsPage.tsx
+++ b/src/components/Roadmaps/RoadmapsPage.tsx
@@ -94,6 +94,12 @@ const groups: GroupType[] = [
         type: 'skill',
         otherGroups: ['Web Development'],
       },
+      {
+        title: 'Git and GitHub',
+        link: '/git-github',
+        type: 'skill',
+        otherGroups: ['Web Development', 'DevOps'],
+      },
     ],
   },
   {
diff --git a/src/components/TabLink.tsx b/src/components/TabLink.tsx
index 2bc452d6d..2314d02c8 100644
--- a/src/components/TabLink.tsx
+++ b/src/components/TabLink.tsx
@@ -37,7 +37,15 @@ export function TabLink(props: TabLinkProps) {
   });
 
   const badgeNode = badgeText && (
-    <span className="ml-0.5 hidden items-center gap-0.5 rounded-full bg-yellow-200 px-2 py-0.5 text-xs font-medium text-black transition-colors group-hover:bg-yellow-300 sm:flex">
+    <span
+      className={cn(
+        'ml-0.5 hidden items-center gap-0.5 rounded-full bg-yellow-200 px-2 py-0.5 text-xs font-medium text-black transition-colors sm:flex',
+        {
+          'bg-gray-200 text-black group-hover:bg-gray-300 ': badgeText?.toLowerCase() == 'soon',
+          'bg-yellow-200 text-black group-hover:bg-yellow-300 ': badgeText?.toLowerCase() == 'new',
+        },
+      )}
+    >
       <span className="relative -top-px">{badgeText}</span>
     </span>
   );
diff --git a/src/components/TeamRoadmapsList/TeamRoadmaps.tsx b/src/components/TeamRoadmapsList/TeamRoadmaps.tsx
index a26b0bd1d..52aa0fc31 100644
--- a/src/components/TeamRoadmapsList/TeamRoadmaps.tsx
+++ b/src/components/TeamRoadmapsList/TeamRoadmaps.tsx
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ import { UpdateTeamResourceModal } from '../CreateTeam/UpdateTeamResourceModal';
 import { ShareOptionsModal } from '../ShareOptions/ShareOptionsModal';
 import { cn } from '../../lib/classname';
 import { RoadmapIcon } from '../ReactIcons/RoadmapIcon.tsx';
+import { ContentConfirmationModal } from '../CreateTeam/ContentConfirmationModal.tsx';
 
 export function TeamRoadmaps() {
   const { t: teamId } = getUrlParams();
@@ -47,6 +48,7 @@ export function TeamRoadmaps() {
   const [selectedResource, setSelectedResource] = useState<
     TeamResourceConfig[0] | null
   >(null);
+  const [confirmationContentId, setConfirmationContentId] = useState('');
 
   async function loadAllRoadmaps() {
     const { error, response } = await httpGet<PageType[]>(`/pages.json`);
@@ -139,7 +141,7 @@ export function TeamRoadmaps() {
     setTeamResources(response);
   }
 
-  async function onAdd(roadmapId: string) {
+  async function onAdd(roadmapId: string, shouldCopyContent = false) {
     if (!teamId) {
       return;
     }
@@ -158,6 +160,7 @@ export function TeamRoadmaps() {
         resourceType: 'roadmap',
         removed: [],
         renderer: roadmap?.renderer || 'balsamiq',
+        shouldCopyContent,
       },
     );
 
@@ -231,12 +234,23 @@ export function TeamRoadmaps() {
     <SelectRoadmapModal
       onClose={() => setIsAddingRoadmap(false)}
       teamResourceConfig={teamResources}
-      allRoadmaps={filteredAllRoadmaps}
+      allRoadmaps={filteredAllRoadmaps.filter((r) => r.renderer === 'editor')}
       teamId={teamId}
       onRoadmapAdd={(roadmapId: string) => {
-        onAdd(roadmapId).finally(() => {
-          pageProgressMessage.set('');
-        });
+        const isEditorRoadmap = allRoadmaps.find(
+          (r) => r.id === roadmapId && r.renderer === 'editor',
+        );
+
+        if (!isEditorRoadmap) {
+          onAdd(roadmapId).finally(() => {
+            pageProgressMessage.set('');
+          });
+
+          return;
+        }
+
+        setIsAddingRoadmap(false);
+        setConfirmationContentId(roadmapId);
       }}
       onRoadmapRemove={(roadmapId: string) => {
         if (confirm('Are you sure you want to remove this roadmap?')) {
@@ -246,6 +260,20 @@ export function TeamRoadmaps() {
     />
   );
 
+  const confirmationContentIdModal = confirmationContentId && (
+    <ContentConfirmationModal
+      onClose={() => {
+        setConfirmationContentId('');
+      }}
+      onClick={(shouldCopy) => {
+        onAdd(confirmationContentId, shouldCopy).finally(() => {
+          pageProgressMessage.set('');
+          setConfirmationContentId('');
+        });
+      }}
+    />
+  );
+
   const createRoadmapModal = isCreatingRoadmap && (
     <CreateRoadmapModal
       teamId={teamId}
@@ -348,6 +376,7 @@ export function TeamRoadmaps() {
       {createRoadmapModal}
       {customizeRoadmapModal}
       {shareSettingsModal}
+      {confirmationContentIdModal}
 
       {canManageCurrentTeam && placeholderRoadmaps.length > 0 && (
         <div className="mb-5">
diff --git a/src/components/TopicDetail/TopicDetail.tsx b/src/components/TopicDetail/TopicDetail.tsx
index 2bdc29a71..da9000c06 100644
--- a/src/components/TopicDetail/TopicDetail.tsx
+++ b/src/components/TopicDetail/TopicDetail.tsx
@@ -369,7 +369,7 @@ export function TopicDetail(props: TopicDetailProps) {
                         className="flex w-full items-center justify-center rounded-md bg-gray-800 p-2 text-sm text-white transition-colors hover:bg-black hover:text-white disabled:bg-green-200 disabled:text-black"
                       >
                         <GitHubIcon className="mr-2 inline-block h-4 w-4 text-white" />
-                        Help us Improve this Content
+                        Help us Write this Content
                       </a>
                     </div>
                   )}
diff --git a/src/components/UpdateProfile/ProfileUsername.tsx b/src/components/UpdateProfile/ProfileUsername.tsx
index 27c908b08..b96c73d95 100644
--- a/src/components/UpdateProfile/ProfileUsername.tsx
+++ b/src/components/UpdateProfile/ProfileUsername.tsx
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 import { useEffect, useState } from 'react';
 import type { AllowedProfileVisibility } from '../../api/user';
-import { httpGet, httpPost } from '../../lib/http';
+import { httpPost } from '../../lib/http';
 import { useToast } from '../../hooks/use-toast';
-import { CheckIcon, Loader2, X, XCircle } from 'lucide-react';
+import { CheckIcon, Loader2, X } from 'lucide-react';
 import { useDebounceValue } from '../../hooks/use-debounce.ts';
 
 type ProfileUsernameProps = {
@@ -56,8 +56,9 @@ export function ProfileUsername(props: ProfileUsernameProps) {
     setIsUnique(response.isUnique);
     setIsLoading(false);
   };
-
   const USERNAME_REGEX = /^[a-zA-Z0-9]*$/;
+  const isUserNameValid = (value: string) =>
+    USERNAME_REGEX.test(value) && value.length <= 20;
 
   return (
     <div className="flex w-full flex-col">
@@ -118,10 +119,8 @@ export function ProfileUsername(props: ProfileUsernameProps) {
             onKeyDown={(e) => {
               // only allow letters, numbers
               const keyCode = e.key;
-              const validKey =
-                USERNAME_REGEX.test(keyCode) && username.length <= 10;
               if (
-                !validKey &&
+                !isUserNameValid(keyCode) &&
                 !['Backspace', 'Delete', 'ArrowLeft', 'ArrowRight'].includes(
                   keyCode,
                 )
@@ -131,8 +130,7 @@ export function ProfileUsername(props: ProfileUsernameProps) {
             }}
             onInput={(e) => {
               const value = (e.target as HTMLInputElement).value?.trim();
-              const isValid = USERNAME_REGEX.test(value) && value.length <= 10;
-              if (!isValid) {
+              if (!isUserNameValid(value)) {
                 return;
               }
 
diff --git a/src/data/best-practices/api-security/content/x-frame-options-deny.md b/src/data/best-practices/api-security/content/x-frame-options-deny.md
index bf6e7450b..70217a521 100644
--- a/src/data/best-practices/api-security/content/x-frame-options-deny.md
+++ b/src/data/best-practices/api-security/content/x-frame-options-deny.md
@@ -3,3 +3,5 @@
 > Send `X-Frame-Options: deny` header.
 
 The `X-Frame-Options` header prevents the page from being displayed in an iframe, which is commonly used in clickjacking attacks. By setting the value of this header to `deny`, you are telling the browser not to display the page in any iframe. This helps prevent the page from being embedded within an attacker's website and reduces the risk of clickjacking attacks.
+
+- [@video@Tutorial - X-Frame-Options HTTP Header and Click-Jacking](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Els0GRj0CQM)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/guides/devops-engineer.md b/src/data/guides/devops-engineer.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b844b7ef8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/guides/devops-engineer.md
@@ -0,0 +1,309 @@
+---
+title: 'What is a DevOps Engineer? Responsbilities & Roles in @currentYear@'
+description: 'Explore the responsibilities and roles of a DevOps Engineer in @currentYear@. Gain insights into the evolving field of DevOps and what it takes to succeed.'
+authorId: ekene
+excludedBySlug: '/devops/devops-engineer'
+seo:
+  title: 'What is a DevOps Engineer? Responsbilities & Roles in @currentYear@'
+  description: 'Explore the responsibilities and roles of a DevOps Engineer in @currentYear@. Gain insights into the evolving field of DevOps and what it takes to succeed.'
+  ogImageUrl: 'https://assets.roadmap.sh/guest/what-is-devops-engineer-jort4.jpg'
+isNew: true
+type: 'textual'
+date: 2024-08-15
+sitemap:
+  priority: 0.7
+  changefreq: 'weekly'
+tags:
+  - 'guide'
+  - 'textual-guide'
+  - 'guide-sitemap'
+---
+
+![What is a DevOps engineer and what are their responsibilities?](https://assets.roadmap.sh/guest/what-is-devops-engineer-jort4.jpg)
+
+Are you a developer monitoring recent changes in the ecosystem, looking to change careers or pick up new skills in 2024? If your choice is DevOps, you might be wondering what it entails, what it will take to become one in 2024, and how it is affected by the recent changes in the tech ecosystem.
+
+In recent years, the technology ecosystem has experienced a constant shift in the way hiring managers reach out, companies hire, and the roles and responsibilities described in job postings. Particularly, 2023 proved to be a challenging year as layoffs in the technology sector grew significantly, with more than [262,000 employees laid off across 1,180 firms](https://www.statista.com/statistics/199999/worldwide-tech-layoffs-covid-19/).
+
+Despite this change, DevOps, a field within the same ecosystem, has experienced continuous growth. In fact, the DevOps market size is expected to grow to [25.5 billion USD by 2028](https://www.marketsandmarkets.com/Market-Reports/devops-market-824.html#:~:text=The%20global%20DevOps%20market%20size,USD%2010.4%20billion%20in%202023.). This indicates that the roles and responsibilities of a DevOps engineer in the modern technology environment will evolve alongside this increasing demand.
+
+In this guide, we'll discuss the roles and responsibilities of a [DevOps engineer](https://roadmap.sh/devops), the importance of DevOps in teams, common roles within a DevOps team, and best practices for DevOps teams. Finally, the guide will offer roadmaps for your DevOps journey.
+
+A DevOps engineer's roles and responsibilities include:
+
+- Following best practices and utilizing Infrastructure as Code (IaC) tools to design, implement, and manage infrastructure.
+
+- Implementing and managing Continuous Integration and Continuous Delivery (CI/CD) pipelines to automate software and code releases.
+
+- Facilitating and promoting interpersonal skills between the development teams, operations teams, and other stakeholders to establish productivity and continuous improvement.
+
+- Implementing monitoring, logging, alerts, and dashboards to track the performance and health of applications and infrastructure.
+
+- Writing and maintaining scripts to automate tasks and DevOps processes.
+
+- Providing support and troubleshooting issues related to applications, systems, and infrastructure.
+
+- Efficiently manage and monitor cloud resources by implementing autoscaling and other cloud management techniques to maintain optimal performance.
+
+Let's look at the DevOps ecosystem in detail.
+
+## What is a DevOps engineer?
+
+A DevOps engineer is a professional whose primary purpose is to work at the intersection of software development and IT operations. Their main goal is to continuously deliver high-quality software, improve collaboration between teams, and shorten the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC).
+
+DevOps engineers are responsible for maintaining the culture and practices that bridge the gap between the software development process (Dev) and IT operations (Ops). They promote the use of tools and other automation mechanisms to shorten the software delivery processes while maintaining high quality.
+
+DevOps engineers use various tools to automate and enhance their workflow, such as:
+
+- Docker
+- Kubernetes
+- Jenkins
+- Version control systems
+- Grafana
+- Ansible
+- Prometheus
+
+### Docker
+
+Docker is a containerization platform that allows developers to package applications and their dependencies into a lightweight and portable container that can run consistently in any environment. Docker streamlines the development process by making it easy to manage and scale applications
+
+![Docker](https://assets.roadmap.sh/guest/docker-logo-cvtzr.jpg)
+
+You can learn more details by exploring the [Docker roadmap](https://roadmap.sh/docker).
+
+### Kubernetes
+
+Kubernetes is a container orchestration platform for automating, deploying, and scaling containerized applications. It offers numerous benefits, including cluster management, high availability, load balancing, and resource management.
+
+![Kubernetes](https://assets.roadmap.sh/guest/kubernetes-logo-zipbs.jpg)
+
+You can learn more details by exploring the [Kubernetes roadmap](https://roadmap.sh/kubernetes).
+
+### Jenkins
+
+Jenkins is an open-source automation tool for automating CI/CD processes. It gives developers the flexibility to build, test, and deploy applications. Jenkins' ecosystem and seamless integration with various tools make it ideal for automating DevOps workflow.
+
+![Jenkins](https://assets.roadmap.sh/guest/jenkins-logo-pqnqc.jpg)
+
+### Version control systems
+
+Version control systems allow developers to track, revise, manage branches, and merge codes seamlessly. Examples include Git, Mercurial, and Subversion, with popular platforms like GitHub and Bitbucket providing integration support.
+
+![Version control systems](https://assets.roadmap.sh/guest/git-logo-hrzut.jpg)
+
+### Grafana
+
+Grafana is an analytic and monitoring platform for visualizing metrics, logs, and other critical data. It helps DevOps engineers monitor the real-time health and performance of applications and systems.
+
+![Grafana](https://assets.roadmap.sh/guest/grafana-logo-zyx92.jpg)
+
+### Ansible
+
+Ansible is an automation tool for configuring application management, deployment, and other automation tasks. It uses a YAML syntax to define automation workflow, reducing the time required for repetitive tasks.
+
+![Ansible](https://assets.roadmap.sh/guest/ansible-logo-efs80.jpg)
+
+### Prometheus
+
+Prometheus is a monitoring and alerting tool that collects metrics from applications and infrastructure. It stores these metrics in a time-series database, allowing for querying and visualization to detect potential issues.
+
+![Prometheus](https://assets.roadmap.sh/guest/pometheus-logo-v4pp4.jpg)
+
+## What are the responsibilities of a DevOps engineer?
+
+DevOps engineers wear multiple hats to perform their day-to-day tasks. They possess technical skills in the software development lifecycle and operations skills for maintenance, and they are responsible for bridging the gap and fostering collaboration between development and other stakeholders.
+
+DevOps engineer responsibilities include:
+
+- Infrastructure management
+- Setting up and maintaining CI/CD pipelines
+- Working closely with others and keeping communication flowing
+- Keeping an eye on things by monitoring and logging
+- Automating toil
+- Handling deployments and managing cloud services
+- Optimizing performance
+- Software development and scripting
+- Managing resources efficiently
+- Supporting developers and troubleshooting issues
+- Ensuring security across the infrastructure
+
+![DevOps engineer job description](https://assets.roadmap.sh/guest/devops-engineer-description-tro4n.jpeg)
+
+Now, let's look at these points in detail.
+
+### Infrastructure management
+
+A key responsibility of a DevOps engineer is to ensure the design, implementation, and management of a robust and scalable infrastructure. They use Infrastructure as Code (IaC) tools like Terraform or Ansible to automate infrastructure provisioning and configuration management.
+
+### CI/CD pipelines
+
+In the SDLC, new features, patches, and fixes are frequently deployed to meet customers' needs. To facilitate this, a DevOps engineer must set up a CI/CD pipeline to automate the testing environment and software releases, ensuring seamless integration and a smooth deployment process.
+
+![ci/cd](https://assets.roadmap.sh/guest/cicd-y1h56.jpeg)
+
+### Collaboration and communication
+
+DevOps engineer skills are essential for fostering an efficient and collaborative work environment. DevOps engineers champion clear communication (both oral and written) between project stakeholders. They believe in active communication and collaboration between the development team and other project stakeholders to ensure productivity, shared responsibilities, and continuous improvement.
+
+![collaboration & communication](https://assets.roadmap.sh/guest/collaboration-f4lfb.jpeg)
+
+### Automation
+
+One of the essential DevOps principles is automating manual and repetitive tasks. A DevOps engineer uses DevOps automation tools like Puppet or SaltStack to improve efficiency and reduce human error during deployment processes, scaling, and other operational tasks.
+
+![automation](https://assets.roadmap.sh/guest/automation-kani0.jpeg)
+
+### Deployment and cloud management
+
+DevOps engineers use containers and orchestration platforms like Docker and Kubernetes to facilitate efficient deployment, scaling, and management, whether in on-premise environments or cloud services like [Amazon Web Services (AWS),](https://roadmap.sh/aws) Microsoft Azure, or Google Cloud Platform.
+
+![Clouds deployment — AWS vs Azure vs GCP](https://assets.roadmap.sh/guest/cloud-management-qbcb0.jpeg)
+
+### Performance optimization
+
+A key responsibility of a DevOps engineer is to set up mechanisms to constantly audit systems, analyze performance, and implement load and stress testing. This guarantees that applications can handle high demand and spikes in traffic.
+
+### Software development and scripting
+
+While the DevOps ecosystem offers both paid and open-source tools to help streamline responsibilities, there are times when custom-made tools or extensions of existing tools are required. A good understanding of software development processes and scripting languages like [Python](https://roadmap.sh/python), [Go](https://roadmap.sh/golang), or [JavaScript (Node.js)](https://roadmap.sh/nodejs) helps a DevOps engineer build solutions for such specific business edge cases.
+
+### Resource management
+
+In a DevOps engineer role, engineers ensure that the resources allocated to a system can perform effectively during both slow and peak periods. This involves implementing autoscaling, monitoring resource usage, considering future capacity needs, and utilizing other resource configuration management tools.
+
+### Developer support and troubleshooting
+
+An integral part of DevOps methodology is ensuring that development and operational teams are supported by troubleshooting issues related to applications, infrastructures, and other systems. Additionally, DevOps professionals create documentation, guides, and other helpful resources to enhance the knowledge base. This guarantees that both experienced team members and new joiners can leverage these resources for debugging, troubleshooting, or research purposes.
+
+### Security
+
+A growing part of the DevOps ecosystem is Development, Security, and Operations (DevSecOps). This practice involves automating security and best practices into every phase of the SDLC to ensure compliance with industry standards, effective resource identity and access management, and more. A good understanding of DevSecOps is an essential skill for experienced DevOps engineers.
+
+## What is the importance of DevOps in an organization?
+
+DevOps is gaining massive adoption because organizations are shifting away from traditional software development and resource provisioning approaches that are slow, prone to human error, and siloed. They want to deliver fast, reliable, and scalable applications, which the traditional approach lacks.
+
+Some of the ways DevOps can benefit an organization include:
+
+- Improving collaboration and shared responsibilities among project stakeholders.
+- Enhancing software quality with automated testing and continuous feedback loops.
+- Speeding up software delivery by promoting communication and collaboration between cross-functional teams.
+- Supporting career development through a DevOps culture of experimentation and learning new DevOps skills.
+- Providing a better customer experience because applications are thoroughly tested before going live.
+- Reducing risk associated with software development and deployment using CI/CD principles.
+- Encouraging knowledge sharing and flexibility to experiment, helping teams learn a wide range of skills and technologies.
+
+Organizations practicing or willing to adopt DevOps must be prepared for a cultural shift, continuous improvement, and investment in automation tools. Although it may be a lot at times, the benefits are worth the investment.
+
+## Common roles within the DevOps ecosystem
+
+The recent growth in the DevOps ecosystem has led to newer DevOps roles. While most jobs categorize these roles under the umbrella term "DevOps Engineer," which may work for small organizations, it becomes an issue in medium to larger organizations with diverse project goals and other factors. While these roles share similarities and sometimes overlap in responsibilities, it is important to understand the different aspects they tackle. The diagram below shows the crucial roles in the DevOps lifecycle.
+
+![Roles in DevOps](https://assets.roadmap.sh/guest/6-devops-roles-xc82k.jpeg)
+
+### Site Reliability engineers (SRE)
+
+SRE focuses on system reliability, scalability, and performance. Their skills involve combining software engineering and systems administration.
+
+**Key Responsibilities**
+
+- Implements monitoring and alerting systems.
+- Ensures the system is reliable, performant, and scalable.
+- Analyze incidents to detect them and implement preventive measures.
+
+**Required skills**
+
+- Proficiency in using automation and infrastructure as code tools.
+- Problem-solving and troubleshooting skills.
+- Experience with alerting and monitoring tools like Prometheus and Grafana.
+
+### Cloud engineers
+
+Cloud engineers are responsible for designing and implementing cloud-native solutions. They also manage cloud technologies and infrastructure like AWS, Azure, or Google Cloud to guarantee efficient resource usage and cost-effectiveness.
+
+**Key Responsibilities**
+
+- Design and manage cloud infrastructure.
+- Monitor and optimize cloud resources and associated costs.
+- Ensure compliance and security of cloud resources.
+
+**Required skills**
+
+- Expertise in using popular cloud providers like AWS, Azure, and GCP.
+- Proficiency in using automation tools like Terraform and CloudFormation.
+- Knowledge of cloud security and compliance
+
+### Automation engineers
+
+Automation engineers are responsible for identifying tasks that can be automated across development and operations. They develop scripts and DevOps tools to automate repetitive tasks and integrate them into CI/CD pipelines.
+
+**Key Responsibilities**
+
+- Review, design, and implement automation strategies across the software development lifecycle.
+- Ensures consistency and reliability of automated processes.
+- Stay up-to-date with the latest automation tools and technologies.
+
+**Required skills**
+
+- Proficiency in scripting and programming languages.
+- Expertise in automation tools and frameworks like Jenkins and GitHub Action.
+
+### Build engineers
+
+Build engineers are responsible for managing build systems and tools, troubleshooting build failures, optimizing build performance, and integrating builds into the CI/CD pipelines.
+
+**Key Responsibilities**
+
+- Manage and maintain build systems and tools.
+- Ensures builds are consistent and replicable across environments.
+- Automate the build process.
+
+**Required skills**
+
+- Knowledge of CI/CD tools and version control systems.
+- Proficiency in build tools.
+- Strong problem-solving and debugging skills.
+
+### Release engineers
+
+Release engineers are responsible for planning, scheduling, and coordinating the software release process for testing, sandbox, or production environments.
+
+**Key Responsibilities**
+
+- Plan and manage the release of new software, software updates, and new features.
+- Maintain release schedules and project release timelines.
+
+**Required skills**
+
+- Knowledge of CI/CD tools and version control systems.
+- Project management and organization skills.
+- Strong communication and coordination skills
+
+### Security engineers 
+
+Security engineers are responsible for integrating security and best practices into the DevOps pipeline. Additionally, they collaborate with development and operations teams to conduct security assessments, vulnerability scans, and compliance checks.
+
+**Key Responsibilities**
+
+- Implement and manage security tools and technologies.
+- Integrate DevSecOps into the software development lifecycle.
+- Document security best practices and ensure compliance with policies and regulations.
+
+**Required skills**
+
+- Knowledge of security best practices and frameworks
+- Familiarity with identity and access management systems
+
+## Best practices for DevOps teams
+
+To achieve success as a team practicing or intending to adopt DevOps practices, you need a combination of the right tools, best practices, and a cultural shift. Here are some tips and best DevOps practices for teams:
+
+- Encourage Continuous Integration (CI) and Continuous Deployment (CD) by having software developers commit code frequently, automating builds, and providing timely feedback between teams.
+- Embrace IaC to maintain consistency across testing, production, and other environments.
+- Implement logging, alerts, and monitoring across systems.
+- Ensure unit tests, integration tests, and end-to-end tests to validate the quality of software.
+- Promote soft skills, feedback loops, post-mortem audits, retrospectives, and a continuous learning culture.
+- Set clear metrics and Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) to easily identify areas needing improvement.
+- Ensure effective collaboration and shared responsibilities between development, operations, QAs, and other teams.
+
+In summary, DevOps is growing and will continue to expand, bringing about even more DevOps roles and responsibilities for engineers in the ecosystem. The roadmap.sh’s [DevOps roadmap](https://roadmap.sh/devops) is a valuable resource that can help you stay updated on these changes. Additionally, you can track your learning path and connect with a vibrant community by [signing up](https://roadmap.sh/signup) on the roadmap.sh platform.
diff --git a/src/data/guides/devops-vs-sre.md b/src/data/guides/devops-vs-sre.md
index 71193551a..345329948 100644
--- a/src/data/guides/devops-vs-sre.md
+++ b/src/data/guides/devops-vs-sre.md
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ seo:
   title: 'DevOps vs SRE: Key Differences Explained'
   description: 'DevOps vs SRE: Discover which role suits your career best. Learn key differences, skills required, and career prospects in our detailed guide.'
   ogImageUrl: 'https://assets.roadmap.sh/guest/devops-vs-sre1-pfhzy.jpg'
-isNew: true
+isNew: false
 type: 'textual'
 date: 2024-06-13
 sitemap:
diff --git a/src/data/guides/frontend-developer-skills.md b/src/data/guides/frontend-developer-skills.md
index bc54d7522..ecc3fd96b 100644
--- a/src/data/guides/frontend-developer-skills.md
+++ b/src/data/guides/frontend-developer-skills.md
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ seo:
   title: '12 In-Demand Front End Developer Skills to Master'
   description: 'Master these 12 in-demand front end developer skills and become a standout candidate in the web development field.'
   ogImageUrl: 'https://assets.roadmap.sh/guest/frontend-developer-skills-zdpyd.jpg'
-isNew: true
+isNew: false
 type: 'textual'
 date: 2024-07-04
 sitemap:
diff --git a/src/data/guides/full-stack-developer-skills.md b/src/data/guides/full-stack-developer-skills.md
index 57bc0e9cb..ec1707b9b 100644
--- a/src/data/guides/full-stack-developer-skills.md
+++ b/src/data/guides/full-stack-developer-skills.md
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ seo:
   title: '8 In-Demand Full Stack Developer Skills to Master'
   description: 'Master these 8 in-demand full stack developer skills and become a standout candidate for your next job application.'
   ogImageUrl: 'https://assets.roadmap.sh/guest/full-stack-developer-skills-abb38.jpg'
-isNew: true
+isNew: false
 type: 'textual'
 date: 2024-07-05
 sitemap:
diff --git a/src/data/guides/history-of-javascript.md b/src/data/guides/history-of-javascript.md
index 637f71df4..99e441eb6 100644
--- a/src/data/guides/history-of-javascript.md
+++ b/src/data/guides/history-of-javascript.md
@@ -80,4 +80,4 @@ ESNext is a dynamic name that refers to whatever the current version of ECMAScri
 
 Since the release of ES6, [TC39](https://github.com/tc39) has quite streamlined their process. TC39 operates through a Github organization now and there are [several proposals](https://github.com/tc39/proposals) for new features or syntax to be added to the next versions of ECMAScript. Any one can go ahead and [submit a proposal](https://github.com/tc39/proposals) thus resulting in increasing the participation from the community. Every proposal goes through [four stages of maturity](https://tc39.github.io/process-document/) before it makes it into the specification.
 
-And that about wraps it up. Feel free to leave your feedback in the [discord](https://discord.gg/cJpEt5Qbwa). Also here are the links to original language specifications [ES6](https://www.ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/), [ES7](https://www.ecma-international.org/ecma-262/7.0/) and [ES8](https://www.ecma-international.org/ecma-262/8.0/).
+And that about wraps it up. Feel free to leave your feedback in the [discord](https://discord.gg/ZrSpJ8zH). Also here are the links to original language specifications [ES6](https://www.ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/), [ES7](https://www.ecma-international.org/ecma-262/7.0/) and [ES8](https://www.ecma-international.org/ecma-262/8.0/).
diff --git a/src/data/guides/how-to-become-devops-engineer.md b/src/data/guides/how-to-become-devops-engineer.md
index 35376f939..6c6b5b34f 100644
--- a/src/data/guides/how-to-become-devops-engineer.md
+++ b/src/data/guides/how-to-become-devops-engineer.md
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ seo:
   title: 'How to become a DevOps Engineer in @currentYear@'
   description: 'Want to become a DevOps engineer? Our @currentYear@ guide covers skills, certifications, and expert career advice. Start your journey today!'
   ogImageUrl: 'https://assets.roadmap.sh/guest/become-devops-engineer-4x2p7.jpg'
-isNew: true
+isNew: false
 type: 'textual'
 date: 2024-06-11
 sitemap:
diff --git a/src/data/guides/how-to-become-frontend-developer.md b/src/data/guides/how-to-become-frontend-developer.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d289608de
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/guides/how-to-become-frontend-developer.md
@@ -0,0 +1,306 @@
+---
+title: 'How to Become a Front-End Developer in 7 Steps'
+description: 'Learn how to become a front-end developer in 7 clear steps. Start your coding journey with practical tips and resources today!'
+authorId: kamran
+excludedBySlug: '/frontend/how-to-become-frontend-developer'
+seo:
+  title: 'How to become a Front-End Developer in 7 Steps'
+  description: 'Learn how to become a front-end developer in 7 clear steps. Start your coding journey with practical tips and resources today!'
+  ogImageUrl: 'https://assets.roadmap.sh/guest/how-to-become-frontend-developer-i23nx.jpg'
+isNew: true
+type: 'textual'
+date: 2024-08-15
+sitemap:
+  priority: 0.7
+  changefreq: 'weekly'
+tags:
+  - 'guide'
+  - 'textual-guide'
+  - 'guide-sitemap'
+---
+
+![How to become a frontend developer.](https://assets.roadmap.sh/guest/how-to-become-frontend-developer-i23nx.jpg)
+
+Front-end developers **(also referred to as front-end engineers or client-side developers)** create the user interface (UI) and user experience (UX) of web pages and web applications. Using HTML, CSS, and JavaScript, they transform static designs into functional web pages. They create interactive and visual elements that users interact with directly, including buttons, forms, and navigation menus.
+
+[Front-end developers](https://roadmap.sh/frontend) are a crucial part of any team. They ensure that websites are user-friendly, load fast, and rank high on search engines. So, companies seek skilled front-end developers who can create dynamic and responsive websites.
+
+However, becoming a front-end developer isn't just about jumping straight into coding. It's a deliberate process that involves following specific steps.
+
+**TL;DR**: Become a front-end developer in 7 steps:
+
+- **Step 1**: Learn web development fundamentals.
+- **Step 2**: Practice building projects.
+- **Step 3**: Learn the version control systems and the command line.
+- **Step 4**: Learn front-end frameworks and libraries.
+- **Step 5**: Study the accessibility and responsive design principles
+- **Step 6:** Join online communities and attend events.
+- **Step 7**: Build a portfolio and apply for jobs.
+
+The above steps will give you the skills to become a proficient front-end developer. This guide will provide a deep dive into the steps and benefits of working in a front-end position.
+
+## Benefits of pursuing a career in front-end development
+
+The job market requires skilled professionals to create dynamic websites and web applications. This demand makes front-end development a role filled with numerous career opportunities.
+
+Some of the benefits of pursuing a career in front-end development include:
+
+- High demand and employment stability.
+- Flexible career.
+- Competitive earning potential.
+
+### High demand and employment stability
+
+Front-end development is a highly sought-after skill set in the tech industry. The demand isn't limited to a particular sector; it extends to healthcare, e-commerce, gaming, etc., making it a lucrative career choice.
+
+![Job Outlook for Front-End Developers](https://assets.roadmap.sh/guest/job-outlook-frontend-engineer-tvm05.jpeg)
+
+[BLS (Bureau of Labor Statistics)](https://www.bls.gov/ooh/computer-and-information-technology/web-developers.htm) projects a 16% increase in web developer jobs from 2022 to 2032. This rate exceeds the average for all other jobs by a significant margin. So, there will always be a need for front-end developers, which means job security and a steady career path.
+
+### Flexible career
+
+The front-end development field offers many benefits, one of which is flexibility. You can work as a freelancer, remotely, or in a hybrid role – whatever works best for you! Or, if you prefer, you can go with a more traditional office setup. This flexibility gives you the power to:
+
+- Work from anywhere on the planet as long as you can access the Internet.
+- Find projects and clients that align with your interests and goals.
+- Connect with global teams and build your professional network.
+
+### Competitive earning potential
+
+Front-end development provides a financially rewarding career path with competitive salaries. As per Glassdoor, front-end developers make an average salary of $85,432 in the United States.
+
+![Frontend Developer Salary](https://assets.roadmap.sh/guest/frontend-engineer-salary-smqar.PNG)
+
+However, how much you earn can depend on your experience, the size of the company, and where you're looking for a job.
+
+## Become a front-end developer in 7 steps
+![How to become a frontend developer in 7 steps](https://assets.roadmap.sh/guest/how-to-become-frontend-developer-in-7-steps-2gigl.jpeg)
+
+The number of online resources available to learn front-end development can be overwhelming. It's hard for aspiring front-end developers to know where to start. However, roadmap.sh provides a clear step-by-step [front-end roadmap](https://roadmap.sh/frontend) to help you learn.
+
+The guide breaks it down so you don't have to guess and gives you all you need to learn front-end development. The steps below present a concise version of the front-end roadmap.
+
+### Step 1: Learn web development fundamentals
+
+![Web development fundamentals](https://assets.roadmap.sh/guest/learn-web-fundementals-bg7c8.jpeg)
+
+The first step toward becoming a front-end developer is to learn the fundamentals. These are the foundations for everything you create on the web.
+
+It involves learning:
+
+- **HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language)**: For structuring the content on a webpage. HTML is the blueprint or skeletal structure of a website. It defines the different elements of websites, like headings, paragraphs, and images.
+- **CSS (Cascading Style Sheets):** For styling the content on a webpage. It is a styling language that controls the layout and appearance of HTML-based web pages. With CSS, you can add colors, fonts, and more to your web pages.
+- **JavaScript**: [JavaScript](https://roadmap.sh/javascript) adds interactivity and functionality to web pages. It is a programming language that makes HTML and CSS static websites functional. Thanks to JavaScript, web pages can respond to user actions. For example, you can achieve your desired outcome when you click a button or submit a form on a website.
+
+Building beautiful websites and applications begins with learning HTML, CSS, and JavaScript. It gives you many job options in web development and lets you create your own website!
+
+### Step 2: Practice building projects
+
+Coding is like playing video games: you have to put in a lot of practice to become proficient. So, don't just watch or read tutorials about coding concepts daily–apply them! It will improve your programming skills. If all you do is learn without practicing, you will be an expert in theory but an amateur in practice.
+
+Write code regularly and work on building projects, no matter how small. Follow a learning, practicing, and repetition cycle to enhance your skills. As you work on small projects, you'll gain experience with HTML, CSS, and JavaScript.
+
+Some ways to practice building projects include:
+
+- **Personal projects**: Build projects that address a problem or individual needs. These include tribute pages, calculators, or to-do list applications.
+- Join a technical team or find a coding partner to work on a project together.
+- **Project work**: Work on a client project or contribute to open-source projects on GitHub. It will allow you to learn from others, contribute to existing code, and connect with new people.
+- **Code challenges**: Participate in code challenges on platforms like [HackerRank](https://www.hackerrank.com/) and [LeetCode](https://leetcode.com/). These sites provide various exercises for practicing [front-end and building websites](https://cesscode.hashnode.dev/resources-to-help-you-practice-web-development).
+
+As you practice coding consistently, you will face a lot of issues. The more problems you solve, the better you become.
+
+### Step 3: Learn the version control systems and the command line.
+
+As a front-end developer, learning version control systems **(VCS)** and the command line is vital. They make it easier for you to:
+
+- Track and manage source code modifications.
+- Work with others on the same project.
+- Streamline your workflow and automate tasks.
+
+![Version control systems](https://assets.roadmap.sh/guest/version-control-systems-qwtx6.jpeg)
+
+Examples of version control systems include Git **(e.g., GitHub, GitLab, Bitbucket).** Git enables you to:
+
+- Create and manage repositories
+- Create branches and merge code
+- Commit changes and track source code revisions
+
+When you become skilled at using Git, you'll work and deploy projects faster. This documentation provides a detailed guide to help you learn everything you need to know about [Git](https://github.com/git-guides).
+
+### Step 4: Learn front-end frameworks and libraries
+
+Learning front-end frameworks and libraries is essential for a front-end developer. It will make your job easier and help you build faster websites and applications.
+
+![Front-end frameworks and libraries](https://assets.roadmap.sh/guest/frontend-frameworks-and-libraries-8vplh.jpeg)
+
+Examples of front-end development frameworks and libraries include:
+
+- **CSS libraries**: CSS libraries are pre-designed CSS templates for styling websites and applications. They provide ready-made design solutions, such as responsive layouts and button styling. Examples of CSS libraries are Bootstrap and TailwindCSS. They help you to work faster, keep your design consistent, and not write too much CSS code from scratch.
+- **JavaScript frameworks:** JavaScript frameworks are more extensive collections of code. They are building blocks for creating web applications and providing structure and functionality. Their pre-defined structure quickens development for creating complex web applications. Popular JavaScript frameworks include [Angular](https://roadmap.sh/angular) and [Vue.js](https://roadmap.sh/vue).
+- **JavaScript libraries:** JavaScript libraries are similar to CSS libraries. Examples of JavaScript libraries are Chart.js and [React](https://roadmap.sh/react). They offer pre-built functions for performing tasks like DOM manipulation and event handling.
+
+Before learning a front-end framework or library, ensure you understand HTML, CSS, and JavaScript. It will give you an in-depth understanding of how frameworks and libraries work.
+
+### Step 5: Study the accessibility and responsive design principles
+
+Becoming an expert frontend developer requires understanding accessibility and responsive design principles. These principles ensure that everyone can use your website and that it looks good on all devices.
+
+Responsive design involves creating websites that are:
+
+- Adaptable to several screen sizes and devices, e.g., laptops, tablets, and smartphones.
+- Able to deliver the best possible user experience on various devices.
+
+Accessible design involves creating websites that are:
+
+- Usable by a wide range of users, including users with disabilities.
+- Following guidelines and standards of accessibility.
+
+Understanding these principles demonstrates your commitment to best practices for front-end development. As a result, you become a better front-end developer and more job-ready.
+
+### Step 6: Join developer communities and attend events
+
+Attending developer events and joining a community is essential for aspiring front-end developers. The best part? You can join in from your work desk **(online)** or look for events nearby **(offline)** that work with your plans. These include conferences, meet-ups, and online forums like the [roadmap community.](https://discord.com/invite/cJpEt5Qbwa)
+
+By joining a developer community and attending tech events, you'll:
+
+- Become part of a supportive community.
+- Get access to resources and tools that can help simplify your development process.
+- Participate in workshops and sessions that will expand your skills.
+- Connect with colleagues to learn about new opportunities.
+
+### Step 7: Build a portfolio and apply for jobs
+
+The final step in becoming a front-end developer is to build an online portfolio and apply for jobs. Portfolios are visual representations of your skills, and they should include:
+
+- Real-world projects that showcase your skills in HTML, CSS, JavaScript, React and more. These projects could include anything from basic websites to complex web applications. However, it's advisable to include complex projects like an e-commerce application.
+- Open source contributions code.
+- Code examples to demonstrate your problem-solving skills.
+
+Once you've built a solid portfolio, it's time to apply for a front-end developer job. This process includes writing a cover letter and resume and preparing for interviews. This roadmap.sh guide will help you prepare for these interviews: [Top](https://roadmap.sh/questions/frontend) [Front End Developer Interview Questions](https://roadmap.sh/questions/frontend).
+
+But remember, front-end development is a continuous learning process. So, it's essential to keep learning during and after a job search to keep up with new tools and trends.
+
+## Responsibilities of a front-end developer
+
+Now that you've taken the steps to become a front-end developer, it's time to dive into the heart of the role.
+
+![Responsibilities of a front-end developer](https://assets.roadmap.sh/guest/responsibilites-of-frontend-developer-r6k0m.jpeg)
+
+Creating an effective website involves managing various responsibilities as a front-end developer, such as:
+
+- Collaboration with other teams.
+- Building user interfaces.
+- Responsiveness and cross-browser compatibility.
+- Implementing website functionality and interactivity.
+
+### Collaboration with other teams
+
+![Collaboration with other teams](https://assets.roadmap.sh/guest/collaboration-with-other-teams-04way.jpeg)
+
+Front-end development is usually not done alone. It is a team effort! It involves everyone working together and communicating well to ensure a successful project. As a front-end developer, you will work with several teams, such as:
+
+- **Back-end developers**: [Back-end developers](https://roadmap.sh/backend) build the server side of websites and web applications. They handle many functionalities you don't see on a website or web application. These functionalities include developing APIs **(application program interfaces)** and managing server-side logic. Front-end and back-end developers collaborate to create a functional and secure website.
+- **UI designers**: UI designers create the visual elements of websites and applications. They design the color scheme, layout, and interactive elements like buttons. Front-end developers collaborate with UI designers to understand the design requirements. They use their technical skills to turn these designs into functional, interactive websites.
+
+### Building user interfaces
+
+The responsibility of creating user interfaces (UIs) falls to front-end developers. Building UIs begins after the front-end developer understands the design requirements. It involves transforming design concepts into functional and interactive websites.
+
+The processes involved in building UIs include:
+
+- Writing clean, maintainable, and efficient code.
+- **Accessibility and performance optimization**: Front-end developers must prioritize accessibility. All users, including users with disabilities, must be able to access the UI. They must consider color contrast, keyboard navigation, and other accessibility features. Also, they should optimize performance by using lazy loading methods for fast-load times.
+- **Testing and iteration.** Testing the UI for bugs and usability issues is essential. It ensures the interface is easy to use and meets the desired quality.
+
+### Responsiveness and cross-browser compatibility
+
+Front-end developers are responsible for ensuring project responsiveness and cross-browser compatibility. It often takes place when building user interfaces.
+
+This process involves building a website and web application that:
+
+- Adjust to various devices and screen sizes **(responsive web design)**.
+- Function consistently in different web browsers, like Chrome and Firefox **(cross-browser compatibility)**.
+
+### Implementing website functionality and interactivity
+
+Front-end developers are responsible for implementing website functionality and interactivity. This step often follows the designer's completion of the user interface layout. The process involves making user-friendly UIs that boost user experience and engagement.
+
+It involves several steps, like:
+
+- Writing JavaScript code to create interactive features. These interactive features include:
+    - Form validation - To check if the web user fills the form fields correctly.
+    - Interactive elements like image sliders, clickable buttons, and dropdown menus.
+
+- Using CSS animations or JavaScript transitions for interactive responses. These transitions and animations include:
+    - Smooth scrolling animations for a better browsing experience.
+    - Animated dropdown menus for easy-to-use web navigation.
+
+## Frequently asked questions (FAQ): Becoming a front-end developer
+![Frequently asked questions: Becoming a front-end developer](https://assets.roadmap.sh/guest/frontend-developer-faqs-zhhns.jpeg)
+
+The process of becoming a front-end developer may pose some questions to you. The following are some answers to common questions to get you started:
+
+### Do I need any prior knowledge to start learning front-end development?
+
+No, learning front-end development does not require any prior knowledge. But it's good to have a basic idea of how computers and the internet work. [roadmap.sh](http://roadmap.sh) provides a clear step-by-step [front-end roadmap](https://roadmap.sh/frontend) to help you get started.
+
+### Is a degree in Computer Science necessary to become a front-end developer?
+
+Nope, you don't need a Computer Science degree. Many front-end developers are self-taught and have learned through online resources. An impressive portfolio is the key to demonstrating your front-end development skills.
+
+### Which languages should I study to learn front-end development?
+
+The following are the main coding languages used in front-end development:
+
+- **HTML (Hypertext Markup Language)**: For structuring the content on a webpage.
+- **CSS (Cascading Style Sheets)**: For styling the content on a webpage.
+- **JavaScript**: for adding interactivity and functionality to web pages
+
+### How skilled in these coding languages must I be to land my first job?
+
+To secure your first job as a front-end developer, you must be proficient in HTML, CSS, and JavaScript. It will allow you to create a portfolio site that shows your coding skills to employers.
+
+### Is HTML, CSS, and JavaScript enough for a front-end developer?
+
+HTML, CSS, and JavaScript are fundamental knowledge for any front-end developer. However, knowledge of frameworks and libraries like React is also essential.
+
+### Which skills are vital for a professional front-end developer?
+
+The following are some of the essential front-end developer skills:
+
+- Solid understanding of core web development technologies, e.g., HTML, CSS, and JavaScript.
+- Proficient in using version control systems, e.g., Git.
+- Practical experience with front-end frameworks and libraries such as React and TailwindCSS.
+- **Soft skills**: Communication, problem-solving, and collaboration skills.
+
+### How long does it take to become a frontend developer?
+
+How long it takes to become a front-end developer depends on how much time you spend learning. But if you are consistent, you can master the basics in a couple of months and more advanced skills in a year or two.
+
+### Is it possible for me to become a frontend developer on my own?
+
+Yes, you can learn how to become a frontend developer by using online resources.
+
+### Can I learn front-end development in 2 months?
+
+You can pick up the basics of frontend development in 2 months. However, getting really good at it takes more time.
+
+### What is the difference between a frontend developer and a back-end developer?
+
+Frontend developer develops user interfaces and user experiences for web applications and websites. They use coding languages like HTML, CSS, and JavaScript to create visual elements you can see and directly interact with on your phone. Examples of these visual elements include Buttons, forms, and text.
+
+Backend developers create the invisible elements on a web page, like database structures and queries. They create the back-end logic that keeps the website running smoothly using programming languages like Python and Java.
+
+### Who is a full-stack developer?
+
+A full-stack developer specializes in both frontend and backend development.
+
+### Does a front-end developer need to know backend development?
+
+Though it is not required, having a grasp of the basics of backend development can be helpful. It makes it easier to work with backend developers and better understand how the web works.
+
+## What next?
+
+To become a front-end developer, you need a mix of skills, dedication, and the right guidance. If you follow the steps in this guide, you'll be on track to kickstart an excellent front-end career. Stay on track with a personalized learning plan available on roadmap.sh.
+
+roadmap.sh will keep you focused and help you reach your maximum potential as a front-end developer. It has numerous resources that will help you learn front-end and web development. To get started, sign up, create a [front-end roadmap plan](https://roadmap.sh/frontend), and begin studying. You can also share the roadmap with your study buddies. 
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/guides/java-developer-skills.md b/src/data/guides/java-developer-skills.md
index 0e64bbafc..69cb2a9c0 100644
--- a/src/data/guides/java-developer-skills.md
+++ b/src/data/guides/java-developer-skills.md
@@ -182,7 +182,7 @@ Design patterns are proven approaches to solving specific design challenges and
 
 As the popular saying goes, "a tree cannot make a forest." While it might be tempting to work in isolation and tackle all development tasks alone, it's essential for you to join communities that encourage collaboration, peer learning, and staying updated on the latest developments.
 
-A great community to join is the [r](https://discord.gg/cJpEt5Qbwa)[oadmap.sh](https://discord.gg/cJpEt5Qbwa) [Discord community](https://discord.gg/cJpEt5Qbwa), where you can connect with like-minded individuals who share your passion for development.
+A great community to join is the [r](https://discord.gg/ZrSpJ8zH)[oadmap.sh](https://discord.gg/ZrSpJ8zH) [Discord community](https://discord.gg/ZrSpJ8zH), where you can connect with like-minded individuals who share your passion for development.
 
 ### Soft skills
 
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/android/content/buttons@WhfzFOUpm0DFEj7Oeq21R.md b/src/data/roadmaps/android/content/buttons@WhfzFOUpm0DFEj7Oeq21R.md
index e69de29bb..cccceecb1 100644
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/android/content/buttons@WhfzFOUpm0DFEj7Oeq21R.md
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/android/content/buttons@WhfzFOUpm0DFEj7Oeq21R.md
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# Buttons
+
+A `button` consists of text or an icon, or both, that communicates what action occurs when the user taps it.
+
+Learn more from the following resources:
+
+- [@official@Android Developers: Button](https://developer.android.com/develop/ui/views/components/button)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/android/content/dialogs@Mtx0bY0drmaTw8sCM5YTl.md b/src/data/roadmaps/android/content/dialogs@Mtx0bY0drmaTw8sCM5YTl.md
index e69de29bb..3af8d6b64 100644
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/android/content/dialogs@Mtx0bY0drmaTw8sCM5YTl.md
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/android/content/dialogs@Mtx0bY0drmaTw8sCM5YTl.md
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+# Dialogs
+
+A `DialogFragment` is a special fragment subclass that is designed for creating and hosting dialogs. Although you don't need to host your **dialog** within a fragment, doing so lets the `FragmentManager` manage the state of the dialog and automatically restore the dialog when a configuration change occurs.
+Learn more from the following resources:
+
+- [@official@Android Developers: Dialogs](https://developer.android.com/guide/fragments/dialogs)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/android/content/fragments@2iDJrxjXOt7o2fPp2HfRl.md b/src/data/roadmaps/android/content/fragments@2iDJrxjXOt7o2fPp2HfRl.md
index e69de29bb..564e732f2 100644
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/android/content/fragments@2iDJrxjXOt7o2fPp2HfRl.md
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/android/content/fragments@2iDJrxjXOt7o2fPp2HfRl.md
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# Fragments
+
+A `Fragment` represents a reusable portion of your app's UI. A fragment defines and manages its own layout, has its own lifecycle, and can handle its own input events. Fragments can't live on their own. They must be hosted by an activity or another fragment. The fragment’s view hierarchy becomes part of, or attaches to, the host’s view hierarchy.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@Android Developers: Fragments](https://developer.android.com/guide/fragments)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/android/content/mvc@w1A6wPKSd3Yh2luuHV-aE.md b/src/data/roadmaps/android/content/mvc@w1A6wPKSd3Yh2luuHV-aE.md
index e69de29bb..6d4d6b777 100644
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/android/content/mvc@w1A6wPKSd3Yh2luuHV-aE.md
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/android/content/mvc@w1A6wPKSd3Yh2luuHV-aE.md
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+# MVC or Model View Controller
+
+MVC or `Model View Controller` is a software design pattern commonly used for developing user interfaces that divides the related program logic into three interconnected components.
+
+Components:
+
+- `Model`: The internal representations of information. This can often be an Interactor or UseCase
+- `View`: The interface that presents information to and accepts it from the user
+- `Controller`: The controller contains logic that updates the model and/or view in response to input from the users of the app.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@article@MVC](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Glossary/MVC)
+- [@article@Model–view–controller](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Model%E2%80%93view%E2%80%93controller)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/android/content/mvp@aF_xFIqTjQbENtC7pkXvJ.md b/src/data/roadmaps/android/content/mvp@aF_xFIqTjQbENtC7pkXvJ.md
index e69de29bb..112957923 100644
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/android/content/mvp@aF_xFIqTjQbENtC7pkXvJ.md
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/android/content/mvp@aF_xFIqTjQbENtC7pkXvJ.md
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# MVP or Model View Presenter
+
+The MVP `Model View Presenter` pattern is a derivative of the well-known MVC `Model View Controller` pattern and is one of the most popular patterns for organizing the presentation layer in Android applications.
+
+MVP is divided into three components:
+
+- `Model`: Responsible for managing the data input to the app. This can often be an Interactor or UseCase, handling the business logic and data operations.
+- `View`: Takes care of updating the graphical part of the application. It acts as a passive view, only receiving data and requesting actions to be performed.
+- `Presenter`: Handles all the logic related to the graphical interface that the View requests. It provides the View with the data it needs to display on the screen.
+
+This structure helps to create a clear separation of concerns, making your codebase more modular and easier to maintain.
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/android/content/mvvm@pSU-NZtjBh-u0WKTYfjk_.md b/src/data/roadmaps/android/content/mvvm@pSU-NZtjBh-u0WKTYfjk_.md
index e69de29bb..8521196d1 100644
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/android/content/mvvm@pSU-NZtjBh-u0WKTYfjk_.md
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/android/content/mvvm@pSU-NZtjBh-u0WKTYfjk_.md
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+# MVVM 
+
+The `Model-View-ViewModel` (MVVM) pattern is a software architectural pattern commonly used in UI development. It is designed to separate the concerns of an application, making the code more modular, testable, and maintainable.
+
+Components:
+
+- `Model`: Refers either to a domain model, which represents real state content (an object-oriented approach), or to the data access layer, which represents content.
+- `View`: The view is the structure, layout, and appearance of what a user sees on the screen.
+- `View model`: The view model is an abstraction of the view exposing public properties and commands. The view model has been described as a state of the data in the model.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@article@Android Developers: View Model](https://developer.android.com/topic/libraries/architecture/viewmodel)
+- [@article@Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Model%E2%80%93view%E2%80%93viewmodel)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/android/content/textview@znvZp24L-PcQwkSObtixs.md b/src/data/roadmaps/android/content/textview@znvZp24L-PcQwkSObtixs.md
index e69de29bb..d24d19261 100644
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/android/content/textview@znvZp24L-PcQwkSObtixs.md
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/android/content/textview@znvZp24L-PcQwkSObtixs.md
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# TextView
+
+TextView is a widget that is seen in every android application. This widget is used to display simple text within the android application.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@article@Android developers: TextView](https://developer.android.com/reference/android/widget/TextView)
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/android/content/toast@BVgO9n7tGlVdiS72-hFSd.md b/src/data/roadmaps/android/content/toast@BVgO9n7tGlVdiS72-hFSd.md
index e69de29bb..28a3e401c 100644
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/android/content/toast@BVgO9n7tGlVdiS72-hFSd.md
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/android/content/toast@BVgO9n7tGlVdiS72-hFSd.md
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# Toast
+
+A `toast` provides simple feedback about an operation in a small popup. It only fills the amount of space required for the message and the current activity remains visible and interactive. Toasts automatically disappear after a timeout.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@article@Android developers: Toast](https://developer.android.com/guide/topics/ui/notifiers/toasts)
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/angular/angular.json b/src/data/roadmaps/angular/angular.json
index 0ab13eaee..372ca96f9 100644
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/angular/angular.json
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/angular/angular.json
@@ -2431,7 +2431,7 @@
       },
       "selected": false,
       "data": {
-        "label": "Properties Binding",
+        "label": "Property Binding",
         "style": {
           "fontSize": 17,
           "justifyContent": "flex-start",
@@ -2463,7 +2463,7 @@
       },
       "selected": false,
       "data": {
-        "label": "Attributes Binding",
+        "label": "Attribute Binding",
         "style": {
           "fontSize": 17,
           "justifyContent": "flex-start",
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/angular/content/accessibility@VNG9DdXlS6R1OJ6Lrn4Lt.md b/src/data/roadmaps/angular/content/accessibility@VNG9DdXlS6R1OJ6Lrn4Lt.md
index 55ffef6e3..11ceb244b 100644
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/angular/content/accessibility@VNG9DdXlS6R1OJ6Lrn4Lt.md
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/angular/content/accessibility@VNG9DdXlS6R1OJ6Lrn4Lt.md
@@ -1 +1,9 @@
-# Accessibility
\ No newline at end of file
+# Accessibility
+
+The web is used by a wide variety of people, including those who have visual or motor impairments. A variety of assistive technologies are available that make it much easier for these groups to interact with web-based software applications. Also, designing an application to be more accessible generally improves the user experience for all users.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@Angular Official Docs - Accessibility](https://angular.dev/best-practices/a11y)
+- [@course@Learn Accessibility](https://web.dev/learn/accessibility/)
+- [@article@Angular a11y: 11 tips on how to make your apps more accessible](https://angularindepth.com/posts/1152/angular-a11y-11-tips-on-how-to-make-your-apps-more-accessible)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/angular/content/attribute-binding@FgsSyM6To7irpbivtOLEE.md b/src/data/roadmaps/angular/content/attribute-binding@FgsSyM6To7irpbivtOLEE.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..769d96553
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/angular/content/attribute-binding@FgsSyM6To7irpbivtOLEE.md
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# Attribute Binding
+
+Attribute binding in Angular helps you set values for attributes directly. With attribute binding, you can improve accessibility, style your application dynamically, and manage multiple CSS classes or styles simultaneously.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@Angular Official Docs - Attribute Binding](https://angular.dev/guide/templates/attribute-binding)
+- [@article@What is difference between binding to attribute and binding to property in Angular?](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/76967327/what-is-difference-between-binding-to-attribute-and-binding-to-property-in-angul)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/angular/content/attribute-directives@xvwby0FTdIolRrV2j88fY.md b/src/data/roadmaps/angular/content/attribute-directives@xvwby0FTdIolRrV2j88fY.md
index 4cd91f888..9d98b0b70 100644
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/angular/content/attribute-directives@xvwby0FTdIolRrV2j88fY.md
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/angular/content/attribute-directives@xvwby0FTdIolRrV2j88fY.md
@@ -1 +1,14 @@
-# Attribute Directives
\ No newline at end of file
+# Attribute Directives
+
+Change the appearance or behavior of DOM elements and Angular components with attribute directives.
+
+The most used attribute directives are:
+
+- ngClass
+- ngStyle
+- ngModel
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@Angular Official Docs - Attribute Directives](https://angular.dev/guide/directives/attribute-directives)
+- [@article@Angular Attribute Directive](https://www.scaler.com/topics/angular/angular-attribute-directive/)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/angular/content/attributes-binding@FgsSyM6To7irpbivtOLEE.md b/src/data/roadmaps/angular/content/attributes-binding@FgsSyM6To7irpbivtOLEE.md
deleted file mode 100644
index 0c029e2d5..000000000
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/angular/content/attributes-binding@FgsSyM6To7irpbivtOLEE.md
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-# Attributes Binding
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/angular/content/attributes@0FvH7KPs9ag02QkD1HEJ-.md b/src/data/roadmaps/angular/content/attributes@0FvH7KPs9ag02QkD1HEJ-.md
index 0e216b907..fa20b6e7c 100644
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/angular/content/attributes@0FvH7KPs9ag02QkD1HEJ-.md
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/angular/content/attributes@0FvH7KPs9ag02QkD1HEJ-.md
@@ -1 +1,9 @@
-# Attributes
\ No newline at end of file
+# Attributes
+
+Building accessible web experience often involves setting Accessible Rich Internet Applications (ARIA) attributes to provide semantic meaning where it might otherwise be missing. Use attribute binding template syntax to control the values of accessibility-related attributes.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@Angular Official Docs - accessibility attributes](https://angular.dev/best-practices/a11y#accessibility-attributes)
+- [@article@ARIA HTML](https://web.dev/learn/accessibility/aria-html/)
+- [@article@Comprehensive accessibility strayegies for Angular apps leveraging aria-label for dynamic content](https://yasikahivin.medium.com/comprehensive-accessibility-strategies-for-angular-apps-leveraging-aria-label-for-dynamic-content-fdf114834317)
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/angular/content/common-pipes@i2taHzQ5KLHjkkpbH4Ytd.md b/src/data/roadmaps/angular/content/common-pipes@i2taHzQ5KLHjkkpbH4Ytd.md
index 57e72e305..d566f5109 100644
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/angular/content/common-pipes@i2taHzQ5KLHjkkpbH4Ytd.md
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/angular/content/common-pipes@i2taHzQ5KLHjkkpbH4Ytd.md
@@ -1 +1,17 @@
-# Common Pipes
\ No newline at end of file
+# Common Pipes
+
+Angular provides built-in pipes for typical data transformations, including transformations for internationalization (i18n), which use locale information to format data. The following are commonly used built-in pipes for data formatting:
+
+- DatePipe: Formats a date value according to locale rules.
+- UpperCasePipe: Transforms text to all upper case.
+- LowerCasePipe: Transforms text to all lower case.
+- CurrencyPipe: Transforms a number to a currency string, formatted according to locale rules.
+- DecimalPipe: Transforms a number into a string with a decimal point, formatted according to locale rules.
+- PercentPipe: Transforms a number to a percentage string, formatted according to locale rules.
+- AsyncPipe: Subscribe and unsubscribe to an asynchronous source such as an observable.
+- JsonPipe: Display a component object property to the screen as JSON for debugging.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@Angular Official Docs - Pipes](https://angular.dev/guide/pipes)
+- [@article@Pipes in Angular](https://medium.com/@aqeelabbas3972/pipes-in-angular-6a871589299d)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/angular/content/complex-sequences@Unjknmb4b2LY-nUVvvF7_.md b/src/data/roadmaps/angular/content/complex-sequences@Unjknmb4b2LY-nUVvvF7_.md
index a44781c50..f89208eeb 100644
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/angular/content/complex-sequences@Unjknmb4b2LY-nUVvvF7_.md
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/angular/content/complex-sequences@Unjknmb4b2LY-nUVvvF7_.md
@@ -1 +1,15 @@
-# Complex Sequences
\ No newline at end of file
+# Complex Sequences
+
+Angular lets you animate coordinated sequences, such as an entire grid or list of elements as they enter and leave a page. You can choose to run multiple animations in parallel, or run discrete animations sequentially, one following another.
+
+The functions that control complex animation sequences are:
+
+- `query()`: Finds one or more inner HTML elements.
+- `stagger()`: Applies a cascading delay to animations for multiple elements.
+- `group()`: Runs multiple animation steps in parallel.
+- `sequence()`: Runs animation steps one after another.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@Angular Official Docs - Complex Sequences](https://angular.dev/guide/animations/complex-sequences)
+- [@video@Angular Animations: Animating multiple items in parallel](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RPdR7HzNQIw)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/angular/content/containers@0s-QhN5aZh2F3tLJFKEyR.md b/src/data/roadmaps/angular/content/containers@0s-QhN5aZh2F3tLJFKEyR.md
index e9190fd9a..54e0c755c 100644
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/angular/content/containers@0s-QhN5aZh2F3tLJFKEyR.md
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/angular/content/containers@0s-QhN5aZh2F3tLJFKEyR.md
@@ -1 +1,7 @@
-# Containers
\ No newline at end of file
+# Containers
+
+Some Angular Material UI components cannot take children, such as an input, so you need to use container elements to customize the UI component.  
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@Using containers for native elements](https://angular.dev/best-practices/a11y#using-containers-for-native-elements)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/angular/content/contentchild@oQl9etjoHiU2JgxieUOEH.md b/src/data/roadmaps/angular/content/contentchild@oQl9etjoHiU2JgxieUOEH.md
index 3ee7292cb..b30b5ed5f 100644
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/angular/content/contentchild@oQl9etjoHiU2JgxieUOEH.md
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/angular/content/contentchild@oQl9etjoHiU2JgxieUOEH.md
@@ -1 +1,9 @@
-# ContentChild
\ No newline at end of file
+# ContentChild
+
+Content queries retrieve results from the elements in the component's content— the elements nested inside the component in the template where it's used.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@Content queries - signal](https://angular.dev/guide/signals/queries#content-queries)
+- [@official@Content queries](https://angular.dev/guide/components/queries#content-queries)
+- [@official@contentChild - API](https://angular.dev/api/core/contentChild)
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/angular/content/control-flow@VzvB_bads057YtG4ST4a2.md b/src/data/roadmaps/angular/content/control-flow@VzvB_bads057YtG4ST4a2.md
index 386281f41..000952a96 100644
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/angular/content/control-flow@VzvB_bads057YtG4ST4a2.md
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/angular/content/control-flow@VzvB_bads057YtG4ST4a2.md
@@ -1 +1,7 @@
-# Control Flow
\ No newline at end of file
+# Control Flow
+
+Angular templates support control flow blocks that let you conditionally show, hide, and repeat elements.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@Built-in control flow](https://angular.dev/guide/templates/control-flow)
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/angular/content/control-value-accessor@m5dgKgUR3ZqI9sBAzToev.md b/src/data/roadmaps/angular/content/control-value-accessor@m5dgKgUR3ZqI9sBAzToev.md
index 18605af87..aeeb78dfe 100644
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/angular/content/control-value-accessor@m5dgKgUR3ZqI9sBAzToev.md
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/angular/content/control-value-accessor@m5dgKgUR3ZqI9sBAzToev.md
@@ -1 +1,9 @@
-# Control Value Accessor
\ No newline at end of file
+# Control Value Accessor
+
+Defines an interface that acts as a bridge between the Angular forms API and a native element in the DOM. Implement this interface to create a custom form control directive that integrates with Angular forms.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@Angular Official Docs - ControlValueAccessor](https://angular.dev/api/forms/ControlValueAccessor)
+- [@article@Mastering Angular Control Value Accessor: A guide for Angular Developer](https://hackernoon.com/mastering-angular-control-value-accessor-a-guide-for-angular-developer)
+- [@article@Angular Custom Form Controls](https://blog.angular-university.io/angular-custom-form-controls/)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/angular/content/creating-modules@9YhTXybJw2gszlqFeBtW3.md b/src/data/roadmaps/angular/content/creating-modules@9YhTXybJw2gszlqFeBtW3.md
index 454e81047..ef0f1bad4 100644
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/angular/content/creating-modules@9YhTXybJw2gszlqFeBtW3.md
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/angular/content/creating-modules@9YhTXybJw2gszlqFeBtW3.md
@@ -1 +1,7 @@
-# Creating Modules
\ No newline at end of file
+# Creating Modules
+
+Creating modules in Angular helps organize your application into manageable, cohesive units. Each module can encapsulate related components, directives, pipes, and services. Here's a detailed guide on how to create and use modules in Angular.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@Angular Official Docs (Feature Modules)](https://angular.dev/guide/ngmodules/feature-modules)
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/angular/content/custom-validators@kxRtLsB3y_th8j-HjmJgK.md b/src/data/roadmaps/angular/content/custom-validators@kxRtLsB3y_th8j-HjmJgK.md
index 949355038..87b13ee4b 100644
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/angular/content/custom-validators@kxRtLsB3y_th8j-HjmJgK.md
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/angular/content/custom-validators@kxRtLsB3y_th8j-HjmJgK.md
@@ -1 +1,8 @@
-# Custom Validators
\ No newline at end of file
+# Custom Validators
+
+Custom validators in Angular are functions that allow you to define your own validation logic for form controls. They are used when the built-in validators (like `required`, `minLength`, etc.) do not meet your specific validation requirements. A custom validator is a function that returns either `null` if the form control is valid, or an object that represents the validation error if it is invalid. This object typically contains a key-value pair where the key is the error name and the value is a boolean or some details about the error.
+
+Learn more from the following resources:
+
+- [@official@Defining custom validators](https://v17.angular.io/guide/form-validation#custom-validators)
+- [@video@How to create custom validator in Angular 17](https://youtu.be/3TwmS0Gdg9I?si=1w4EX-HifJ70-CxT)
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/angular/content/data-binding@5vZkiH7HDwONIABLfNJ06.md b/src/data/roadmaps/angular/content/data-binding@5vZkiH7HDwONIABLfNJ06.md
index 20dd60eef..e1a49bdcb 100644
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/angular/content/data-binding@5vZkiH7HDwONIABLfNJ06.md
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/angular/content/data-binding@5vZkiH7HDwONIABLfNJ06.md
@@ -1 +1,8 @@
-# Data Binding
\ No newline at end of file
+# Data Binding
+
+In an Angular template, a binding creates a live connection between a part of the UI created from a template (a DOM element, directive, or component) and the model (the component instance to which the template belongs). This connection can be used to synchronize the view with the model, to notify the model when an event or user action takes place in the view, or both. Angular's Change Detection algorithm is responsible for keeping the view and the model in sync. Bindings always have two parts: a target which will receive the bound value, and a template expression which produces a value from the model.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@Angular Official Docs - Understand Binding](https://angular.dev/guide/templates/binding)
+- [@article@Data Binding in Angular](https://www.angularminds.com/blog/data-binding-in-angular)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/angular/content/dynamic-forms@CpufN6DAOj5UNab9vnH0k.md b/src/data/roadmaps/angular/content/dynamic-forms@CpufN6DAOj5UNab9vnH0k.md
index e070d072f..129039218 100644
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/angular/content/dynamic-forms@CpufN6DAOj5UNab9vnH0k.md
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/angular/content/dynamic-forms@CpufN6DAOj5UNab9vnH0k.md
@@ -1 +1,8 @@
-# Dynamic Forms
\ No newline at end of file
+# Dynamic Forms
+
+Dynamic forms in Angular are a flexible way to create forms where the structure (such as form fields and validation rules) is generated at runtime, rather than being hardcoded. By using Angular's `FormBuilder` and `FormGroup`, you can dynamically add, remove, or modify form controls based on user input, data fetched from a server, or other logic. This approach allows for creating complex forms that can adapt to different user scenarios, reducing the need for multiple form templates and making the codebase more maintainable and scalable.
+
+Learn more from the following resources:
+
+- [@offical@Dynamic Forms Documentation](https://angular.dev/guide/forms/dynamic-forms)
+- [@video@Create a Dynamic Reactive Angular Form with JSON](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ByHw_RMjkKM)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/angular/content/elf@rgPUcSKxG9DvXicLfC2Ay.md b/src/data/roadmaps/angular/content/elf@rgPUcSKxG9DvXicLfC2Ay.md
index 8482e5c2e..557a3b40d 100644
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/angular/content/elf@rgPUcSKxG9DvXicLfC2Ay.md
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/angular/content/elf@rgPUcSKxG9DvXicLfC2Ay.md
@@ -1 +1,10 @@
-# Elf
\ No newline at end of file
+# Elf
+
+Elf is a reactive immutable state management solution built on top of RxJS. It uses custom RxJS operators to query the state and pure functions to update it. Elf encourages simplicity. It saves you the hassle of creating boilerplate code and offers powerful tools with a moderate learning curve, suitable for experienced and inexperienced developers alike.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@What is Elf?](https://ngneat.github.io/elf/)
+- [@opensource@Elf](https://github.com/ngneat/elf)
+- [@opensource@Elf NG Router Store](https://github.com/ngneat/elf-ng-router-store)
+- [@article@Case Study: Elf](https://medium.com/@gronichomer/case-study-elf-%EF%B8%8F%EF%B8%8F-part-1-fe5e87c31c89)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/angular/content/event-binding@bKnpirSvex4oE4lAjiSSV.md b/src/data/roadmaps/angular/content/event-binding@bKnpirSvex4oE4lAjiSSV.md
index d7d05a089..2ee06e83a 100644
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/angular/content/event-binding@bKnpirSvex4oE4lAjiSSV.md
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/angular/content/event-binding@bKnpirSvex4oE4lAjiSSV.md
@@ -1 +1,8 @@
-# Event Binding
\ No newline at end of file
+# Event Binding
+
+Event binding lets you listen for and respond to user actions such as keystrokes, mouse movements, clicks, and touches.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@Angular Official Docs - Event Binding](https://angular.dev/guide/templates/event-binding)
+- [@article@Event Binding in Angular](https://www.knowledgehut.com/blog/web-development/event-binding-in-angular)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/angular/content/http-client@8UY0HAvjY7bdbFpt-MM1u.md b/src/data/roadmaps/angular/content/http-client@8UY0HAvjY7bdbFpt-MM1u.md
index 1f5ff9eff..175bb460f 100644
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/angular/content/http-client@8UY0HAvjY7bdbFpt-MM1u.md
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/angular/content/http-client@8UY0HAvjY7bdbFpt-MM1u.md
@@ -1 +1,9 @@
-# HTTP Client
\ No newline at end of file
+# HTTP Client
+
+Most front-end applications need to communicate with a server over the HTTP protocol, to download or upload data and access other back-end services. Angular provides a client HTTP API for Angular applications, the `HttpClient` service class in `@angular/common/http`.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@Angular Official Docs - HTTP Client](https://angular.dev/guide/http)
+- [@article@Angular HTTP Client - Quickstart Guide](https://blog.angular-university.io/angular-http/)
+- [@article@Using HTTP Client in modern Angular applications](https://www.thisdot.co/blog/using-httpclient-in-modern-angular-applications)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/angular/content/inputs-as-signals@LcJyAfv9hjyUNXUVyPRP4.md b/src/data/roadmaps/angular/content/inputs-as-signals@LcJyAfv9hjyUNXUVyPRP4.md
index 8bea56d64..7048ee090 100644
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/angular/content/inputs-as-signals@LcJyAfv9hjyUNXUVyPRP4.md
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/angular/content/inputs-as-signals@LcJyAfv9hjyUNXUVyPRP4.md
@@ -1 +1,9 @@
-# Inputs as Signals
\ No newline at end of file
+# Inputs as Signals
+
+Signal inputs allow values to be bound from parent components. Those values are exposed using a Signal and can change during the lifecycle of your component.  Angular supports two variants of inputs: `Optional` and `Required`.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@Angular Official Docs - Inputs as Signals](https://angular.dev/guide/signals/inputs)
+- [@article@Angular Signal Inputs: Complete Guide to input()](https://blog.angular-university.io/angular-signal-inputs/)
+- [@video@Angular's New Signal Inputs](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yjCeaiWXC0U)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/angular/content/lazy-loading-modules@bLERvEERmNI5AgxtEYokZ.md b/src/data/roadmaps/angular/content/lazy-loading-modules@bLERvEERmNI5AgxtEYokZ.md
index 49cbd09a5..10e54fd92 100644
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/angular/content/lazy-loading-modules@bLERvEERmNI5AgxtEYokZ.md
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/angular/content/lazy-loading-modules@bLERvEERmNI5AgxtEYokZ.md
@@ -1 +1,9 @@
-# Lazy Loading Modules
\ No newline at end of file
+# Lazy Loading Modules
+
+By default, NgModules are eagerly loaded. This means that as soon as the application loads, so do all the NgModules, whether they are immediately necessary or not. For large applications with lots of routes, consider lazy loading —a design pattern that loads NgModules as needed. Lazy loading helps keep initial bundle sizes smaller, which in turn helps decrease load times.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@Angular Official Docs - Lazy Loading](https://angular.dev/guide/ngmodules/lazy-loading)
+- [@article@Angular Lazy Loading](https://www.bairesdev.com/blog/angular-lazy-loading/)
+- [@video@Lazy Loading in Angular: Improving Performance and User Experience](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mjhi27YfV8Y)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/angular/content/link-identification@5-RCB8AiDbkdIFYNXKWge.md b/src/data/roadmaps/angular/content/link-identification@5-RCB8AiDbkdIFYNXKWge.md
index 5d10061fb..d95cd62e0 100644
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/angular/content/link-identification@5-RCB8AiDbkdIFYNXKWge.md
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/angular/content/link-identification@5-RCB8AiDbkdIFYNXKWge.md
@@ -1 +1,8 @@
-# Link Identification
\ No newline at end of file
+# Link Identification
+
+CSS classes applied to active `RouterLink` elements, such as `RouterLinkActive`, provide a visual cue to identify the active link. Unfortunately, a visual cue doesn't help blind or visually impaired users. Applying the `aria-current` attribute to the element can help identify the active link.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@Angular Official Docs - Accessibility - Active links identification](https://angular.dev/best-practices/a11y#active-links-identification)
+- [@official@MDN Docs - ARIA Current](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/Accessibility/ARIA/Attributes/aria-current)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/angular/content/making-requests@HjGAv3aV-p4ijYJ8XYIw3.md b/src/data/roadmaps/angular/content/making-requests@HjGAv3aV-p4ijYJ8XYIw3.md
index 5bebf1e02..6c5d3189a 100644
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/angular/content/making-requests@HjGAv3aV-p4ijYJ8XYIw3.md
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/angular/content/making-requests@HjGAv3aV-p4ijYJ8XYIw3.md
@@ -1 +1,8 @@
-# Making Requests
\ No newline at end of file
+# Making Requests
+
+`HttpClient` has methods corresponding to the different HTTP verbs used to make requests, both to load data and to apply mutations on the server. Each method returns an RxJS `Observable` which, when subscribed, sends the request and then emits the results when the server responds.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@Angular Official Docs - Making requests](https://angular.dev/guide/http/making-requests)
+- [@video@How to make HTTP request in Angular 18](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3vQpYKlHmS0)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/angular/content/model-inputs@IeU6ClS_yp6BYKdkQOJVf.md b/src/data/roadmaps/angular/content/model-inputs@IeU6ClS_yp6BYKdkQOJVf.md
index 2d81ead94..85783f7b1 100644
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/angular/content/model-inputs@IeU6ClS_yp6BYKdkQOJVf.md
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/angular/content/model-inputs@IeU6ClS_yp6BYKdkQOJVf.md
@@ -1 +1,10 @@
-# Model Inputs
\ No newline at end of file
+# Model Inputs
+
+Model inputs are a special type of input that enable a component to propagate new values back to another component.  Use model inputs in components that exist to modify a value based on user interaction.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@Angular Official Docs - Model Inputs](https://angular.dev/guide/signals/model)
+- [@video@Angular's New Model Inputs: Two-way Communication with your Child Components](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=frXIBKqzTK0)
+- [@article@Angular Model Inputs: Two-way binding inputs with signals](https://www.codemotion.com/magazine/frontend/angular-model-inputs-two-way-binding-inputs-with-signals/)
+- [@article@Model Inputs: Reactive two-way binding ](https://dev.to/this-is-angular/model-inputs-reactive-two-way-binding-2538)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/angular/content/module-architecture@BCq5sgWQLiw0f7u7ZSAd2.md b/src/data/roadmaps/angular/content/module-architecture@BCq5sgWQLiw0f7u7ZSAd2.md
index 41a45a28d..b52fd31b6 100644
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/angular/content/module-architecture@BCq5sgWQLiw0f7u7ZSAd2.md
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/angular/content/module-architecture@BCq5sgWQLiw0f7u7ZSAd2.md
@@ -1 +1,7 @@
-# Module Architecture
\ No newline at end of file
+# Module Architecture
+
+Angular’s module architecture organizes an application into cohesive units called NgModules, each defined by the @NgModule decorator. These modules group related components, directives, pipes, and services to encapsulate functionality and promote modular development. The root module (AppModule) is the entry point, bootstrapping the application and importing essential modules like BrowserModule. Feature modules encapsulate specific functionalities and can be eagerly or lazily loaded to improve performance and manageability. Shared modules group reusable components and services to prevent code duplication. The @NgModule metadata includes properties like imports, declarations, exports, providers, and bootstrap, which help manage dependencies, declarations, visibility, service providers, and the root component. This modular approach enhances code organization, scalability, and maintainability in Angular applications.
+
+Visit following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@article@Angular Architecture](https://dev.to/digitaldino/angular-architecture-39no)
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/angular/content/parent-child-interaction@TDyFjKrIZJnCjEZsojPNQ.md b/src/data/roadmaps/angular/content/parent-child-interaction@TDyFjKrIZJnCjEZsojPNQ.md
index c271a8c88..44ce58eca 100644
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/angular/content/parent-child-interaction@TDyFjKrIZJnCjEZsojPNQ.md
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/angular/content/parent-child-interaction@TDyFjKrIZJnCjEZsojPNQ.md
@@ -1 +1,7 @@
-# Parent-Child Interaction
\ No newline at end of file
+# Parent-Child Interaction
+
+In angular parent-child communication is commonly used to share data between two components.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@article@Medium - Parent-Child Communication](https://jaspritk.medium.com/parent-child-communication-in-angular-888373e0b69e)
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/angular/content/pipes-precedence@nZxZnzbQg9dz-SI65UHq9.md b/src/data/roadmaps/angular/content/pipes-precedence@nZxZnzbQg9dz-SI65UHq9.md
index 6e57a872d..291c23adc 100644
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/angular/content/pipes-precedence@nZxZnzbQg9dz-SI65UHq9.md
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/angular/content/pipes-precedence@nZxZnzbQg9dz-SI65UHq9.md
@@ -10,5 +10,5 @@ You should always use parentheses to be sure Angular evaluates the expression as
 
 Visit the following resources to learn more:
 
-- [@article@Precedence](https://angular.dev/guide/pipes/precedence)
+- [@official@Precedence](https://angular.dev/guide/pipes/precedence)
 - [@article@What is the precedence between pipe and ternary operators?](https://iq.js.org/questions/angular/what-is-the-precedence-between-pipe-and-ternary-operators)
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/angular/content/properties-binding@TJOZfHtsLfwA0CZ2bd1b2.md b/src/data/roadmaps/angular/content/property-binding@TJOZfHtsLfwA0CZ2bd1b2.md
similarity index 100%
rename from src/data/roadmaps/angular/content/properties-binding@TJOZfHtsLfwA0CZ2bd1b2.md
rename to src/data/roadmaps/angular/content/property-binding@TJOZfHtsLfwA0CZ2bd1b2.md
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/angular/content/queries-as-signals@9HS9C3yq9EUcUy0ZUZk_H.md b/src/data/roadmaps/angular/content/queries-as-signals@9HS9C3yq9EUcUy0ZUZk_H.md
index 3bb7280bd..b73640ba7 100644
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/angular/content/queries-as-signals@9HS9C3yq9EUcUy0ZUZk_H.md
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/angular/content/queries-as-signals@9HS9C3yq9EUcUy0ZUZk_H.md
@@ -1 +1,9 @@
-# Queries as Signals
\ No newline at end of file
+# Queries as Signals
+
+A component or directive can define queries that find child elements and read values from their injectors. Developers most commonly use queries to retrieve references to components, directives, DOM elements, and more. There are two categories of query: view queries and content queries.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@Angular Official Docs - Queries as Signals](https://angular.dev/guide/signals/queries)
+- [@article@Querying made easy: exploring Angular's query signals](https://netbasal.com/querying-made-easy-exploring-angulars-query-signals-ca850b5db892)
+- [@video@Angular signal queries with the viewChild() and contentChild() functions](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b35ts9OinBc)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/angular/content/reusable-animations@M1CU2Yq6dLp4yOuGV0fhF.md b/src/data/roadmaps/angular/content/reusable-animations@M1CU2Yq6dLp4yOuGV0fhF.md
index 3822be227..7db610951 100644
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/angular/content/reusable-animations@M1CU2Yq6dLp4yOuGV0fhF.md
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/angular/content/reusable-animations@M1CU2Yq6dLp4yOuGV0fhF.md
@@ -1 +1,9 @@
-# Reusable Animations
\ No newline at end of file
+# Reusable Animations
+
+To create a reusable animation, use the `animation()` function to define an animation in a separate .ts file and declare this animation definition as a const export variable. You can then import and reuse this animation in any of your application components using the `useAnimation()` function.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@Angular Official Docs - Reusable Animations](https://angular.dev/guide/animations/reusable-animations)
+- [@article@Reusable Animations with Angular](https://catalincodes.com/posts/reusable-animations-with-angular)
+- [@video@Angular Animations: Creating reusable animations!](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ObYCutiBOTo)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/angular/content/route-transitions@x91jWP81oCTeVEwzX8FbK.md b/src/data/roadmaps/angular/content/route-transitions@x91jWP81oCTeVEwzX8FbK.md
index 1d3d9864e..bbf0f285e 100644
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/angular/content/route-transitions@x91jWP81oCTeVEwzX8FbK.md
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/angular/content/route-transitions@x91jWP81oCTeVEwzX8FbK.md
@@ -1 +1,9 @@
-# Route Transitions
\ No newline at end of file
+# Route Transitions
+
+When a user navigates from one route to another, the Angular router maps the URL path to a relevant component and displays its view. Animating this route transition can greatly enhance the user experience.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@Angular Official Docs - Route transition animations](https://angular.dev/guide/animations/route-animations)
+- [@article@Add router animation trnasitions for navigation in Angular 17](https://dev.to/this-is-angular/add-router-animation-transitions-for-navigation-in-angular-17-2m5a)
+- [@video@Angular Animations: Router transitions](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7d8UDEKT1pU)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/angular/content/routing@8i_JD1P4gIhY1rdldwLC2.md b/src/data/roadmaps/angular/content/routing@8i_JD1P4gIhY1rdldwLC2.md
index 5904c1e21..e216775e1 100644
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/angular/content/routing@8i_JD1P4gIhY1rdldwLC2.md
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/angular/content/routing@8i_JD1P4gIhY1rdldwLC2.md
@@ -1 +1,9 @@
-# Routing
\ No newline at end of file
+# Routing
+
+Tracking and controlling focus in a UI is an important consideration in designing for accessibility. When using Angular routing, you should decide where page focus goes upon navigation.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@Angular Official Docs - a11y routing](https://angular.dev/best-practices/a11y#routing)
+- [@article@Accessibility - Focus](https://web.dev/learn/accessibility/focus/)
+- [@article@Router events in Angular](https://medium.com/@gurunadhpukkalla/router-events-in-angular-3112a3968660)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/angular/content/rxjs-interop@KAdtebWvgvMifIwd52yc4.md b/src/data/roadmaps/angular/content/rxjs-interop@KAdtebWvgvMifIwd52yc4.md
index 11f80f74f..9b1e9f564 100644
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/angular/content/rxjs-interop@KAdtebWvgvMifIwd52yc4.md
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/angular/content/rxjs-interop@KAdtebWvgvMifIwd52yc4.md
@@ -1 +1,9 @@
-# RxJS Interop
\ No newline at end of file
+# RxJS Interop
+
+Angular's `@angular/core/rxjs-interop` package provides useful utilities to integrate Angular Signals with RxJS Observables. Use a `toSignal` function to create a signal that tracks the value of an Observable. Use the `toObservable` utility to create an Observable which tracks the value of a signal.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@Angular Official Docs - RxJS Interop](https://angular.dev/guide/signals/rxjs-interop)
+- [@article@Angular signals RxJS interop from a practical example](https://angular.love/en/angular-signals-rxjs-interop-from-a-practical-example)
+- [@video@Angular Signals RxJs Interoperability: toObservable() (Guess the Behavior)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cam39UyVbpI)
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/angular/content/setting-up-the-client@AKPhbg10xXjccO7UBh5eJ.md b/src/data/roadmaps/angular/content/setting-up-the-client@AKPhbg10xXjccO7UBh5eJ.md
index 8cdea04b5..69da6d7b9 100644
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/angular/content/setting-up-the-client@AKPhbg10xXjccO7UBh5eJ.md
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/angular/content/setting-up-the-client@AKPhbg10xXjccO7UBh5eJ.md
@@ -1 +1,8 @@
-# Setting Up the Client
\ No newline at end of file
+# Setting Up the Client
+
+Before you can use `HttpClient` in your app, you must configure it using dependency injection. `HttpClient` is provided using the `provideHttpClient` helper function, which most apps include in the application providers in `app.config.ts`. If your app is using NgModule-based bootstrap instead, you can include `provideHttpClient` in the providers of your app's `NgModule`.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@Angular Official Docs - Setting up HttpClient](https://angular.dev/guide/http/setup)
+- [@video@Setting up HttpClient in Angular (NgModule)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hBFtim1vO3M)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/angular/content/signals@u1TG8i145o0RKhOR_5epf.md b/src/data/roadmaps/angular/content/signals@u1TG8i145o0RKhOR_5epf.md
index ee11f34d5..4f75a1a29 100644
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/angular/content/signals@u1TG8i145o0RKhOR_5epf.md
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/angular/content/signals@u1TG8i145o0RKhOR_5epf.md
@@ -1 +1,9 @@
-# Signals
\ No newline at end of file
+# Signals
+
+Angular Signals is a system that granularly tracks how and where your state is used throughout an application, allowing the framework to optimize rendering updates.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@Angular Official Docs - Signals](https://angular.dev/guide/signals)
+- [@video@Signals Unleashed: The Full Guide](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6W6gycuhiN0&t=169s)
+- [@article@Angular Signals Complete Guide](https://blog.angular-university.io/angular-signals/)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/angular/content/structural-directives@xk3v8p6vf8ntGj5c-IU4U.md b/src/data/roadmaps/angular/content/structural-directives@xk3v8p6vf8ntGj5c-IU4U.md
index 43e8776c5..03e8fddf1 100644
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/angular/content/structural-directives@xk3v8p6vf8ntGj5c-IU4U.md
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/angular/content/structural-directives@xk3v8p6vf8ntGj5c-IU4U.md
@@ -1 +1,15 @@
-# Structural Directives
\ No newline at end of file
+# Structural Directives
+
+Structural directives are directives applied to an `<ng-template>` element that conditionally or repeatedly renders the content of that `<ng-template>`. If you just wrap elements in an `<ng-template>` without applying a structural directive, those elements will not be rendered.
+
+In Angular, there are three standard structural directives:
+
+- `*ngIf` – conditionally includes a template depending on the value of an expression returned by a Boolean.
+- `*ngFor` – makes it simple to iterate over an array.
+- `*ngSwitch` – renders each matching view.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@Angular Official Docs - Structural Directives](https://angular.dev/guide/directives/structural-directives)
+- [@article@Structural Directives in Angular](https://medium.com/@eugeniyoz/structural-directives-in-angular-61fe522f3427)
+- [@article@Angular Structural Directive Patterns: What they are and how to use them](https://www.freecodecamp.org/news/angular-structural-directive-patterns-what-they-are-and-how-to-use-them/)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/angular/content/transitions--triggers@Iv2d4sgODqMPzA9gH6RAw.md b/src/data/roadmaps/angular/content/transitions--triggers@Iv2d4sgODqMPzA9gH6RAw.md
index 012fab23c..41a14b32b 100644
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/angular/content/transitions--triggers@Iv2d4sgODqMPzA9gH6RAw.md
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/angular/content/transitions--triggers@Iv2d4sgODqMPzA9gH6RAw.md
@@ -1 +1,9 @@
-# Transitions & Triggers
\ No newline at end of file
+# Transitions & Triggers
+
+In Angular, transition states can be defined explicitly through the `state()` function, or using the predefined `*` wildcard and `void` states. An asterisk `*` or wildcard matches any animation state. This is useful for defining transitions that apply regardless of the HTML element's start or end state. Use the `void` state to configure transitions for an element that is entering or leaving a page.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@Angular Official Docs - Transition and Triggers](https://angular.dev/guide/animations/transition-and-triggers)
+- [@video@Angular Animations: Learn the basics](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CGBcIz1tYec)
+- [@video@How to use trigger function in Angular Animations](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3_B4OV5M_Ag)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/angular/content/two-way-binding@2UH79nCjgtY1Qz1YjUJYL.md b/src/data/roadmaps/angular/content/two-way-binding@2UH79nCjgtY1Qz1YjUJYL.md
index 368a44138..5deafcf70 100644
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/angular/content/two-way-binding@2UH79nCjgtY1Qz1YjUJYL.md
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/angular/content/two-way-binding@2UH79nCjgtY1Qz1YjUJYL.md
@@ -1 +1,8 @@
-# Two-way Binding
\ No newline at end of file
+# Two-way Binding
+
+Two-way binding gives components in your application a way to share data. Use two-way binding to listen for events and update values simultaneously between parent and child components. Angular's two-way binding syntax is a combination of square brackets and parentheses, `[()]`, commonly known as `banana in a box`.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@Angular Official Docs - Two-way binding](https://angular.dev/guide/templates/two-way-binding)
+- [@article@How to implement two-way data binding in Angular](https://www.angularminds.com/blog/how-to-implement-two-way-data-binding-in-angular)
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/angular/content/ui-components@CZ1YRyai8Ds-ry4A8jVbr.md b/src/data/roadmaps/angular/content/ui-components@CZ1YRyai8Ds-ry4A8jVbr.md
index e00236207..0c74af41c 100644
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/angular/content/ui-components@CZ1YRyai8Ds-ry4A8jVbr.md
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/angular/content/ui-components@CZ1YRyai8Ds-ry4A8jVbr.md
@@ -1 +1,8 @@
-# UI Components
\ No newline at end of file
+# UI Components
+
+The Angular Material library, which is maintained by the Angular team, is a suite of reusable UI components that aims to be fully accessible. The Component Development Kit (CDK) includes the a11y package that provides tools to support various areas of accessibility.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@Angular Official Docs - Angular UI Components](https://angular.dev/best-practices/a11y#angular-ui-components)
+- [@official@Angular a11y overview](https://material.angular.io/cdk/a11y/overview)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/angular/content/viewchild@v0XaLNZ-YrRqP-xv8wS43.md b/src/data/roadmaps/angular/content/viewchild@v0XaLNZ-YrRqP-xv8wS43.md
index 7041da4e8..30f7edcc3 100644
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/angular/content/viewchild@v0XaLNZ-YrRqP-xv8wS43.md
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/angular/content/viewchild@v0XaLNZ-YrRqP-xv8wS43.md
@@ -1 +1,11 @@
-# ViewChild
\ No newline at end of file
+# ViewChild
+
+View queries retrieve results from the elements in the component's view — the elements defined in the component's own
+template.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@View queries](https://angular.dev/guide/components/queries#view-queries)
+- [@official@viewChild - signal](https://angular.dev/guide/signals/queries#viewchild)
+- [@official@viewChildren - signal](https://angular.dev/guide/signals/queries#viewchildren)
+- [@official@viewChild - API](https://angular.dev/api/core/viewChild)
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/angular/content/writing-interceptors@xG7iSVOGcbxJbNv3xbNfc.md b/src/data/roadmaps/angular/content/writing-interceptors@xG7iSVOGcbxJbNv3xbNfc.md
index 0058e8235..71d95f4dd 100644
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/angular/content/writing-interceptors@xG7iSVOGcbxJbNv3xbNfc.md
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/angular/content/writing-interceptors@xG7iSVOGcbxJbNv3xbNfc.md
@@ -1 +1,9 @@
-# Writing Interceptors
\ No newline at end of file
+# Writing Interceptors
+
+Interceptors are middleware that allows common patterns around retrying, caching, logging, and authentication to be abstracted away from individual requests.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@Angular Official Docs - Interceptors](https://angular.dev/guide/http/interceptors)
+- [@article@Angular Interceptor](https://www.scaler.com/topics/angular/angular-interceptor/)
+- [@video@Interceptors in Angular](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w1_AmHv2LmA)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/angular/content/zoneless-applications@1x5pT607aKE-S-NCWB810.md b/src/data/roadmaps/angular/content/zoneless-applications@1x5pT607aKE-S-NCWB810.md
index a9f2c2679..6a11175c7 100644
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/angular/content/zoneless-applications@1x5pT607aKE-S-NCWB810.md
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/angular/content/zoneless-applications@1x5pT607aKE-S-NCWB810.md
@@ -1 +1,12 @@
-# Zoneless Applications
\ No newline at end of file
+# Zoneless Applications
+
+Angular 18 introduced an experimental feature called zoneless change detection. This technology removes the need for `Zone.js`, a library that was previously used for change detection in Angular from the beginning. By eliminating `Zone.js`, Angular applications can have faster initial renders, smaller bundle sizes, and simpler debugging.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@Angular Official Docs - Zoneless](https://angular.dev/guide/experimental/zoneless)
+- [@article@Zoneless Change Detection Angular 18](https://blog.logrocket.com/zoneless-change-detection-angular-18/)
+- [@article@From Zone JS to Zoneless Angular and back: How it all works](https://angularindepth.com/posts/1513/from-zone-js-to-zoneless-angular-and-back-how-it-all-works)
+- [@article@A New Era for Angular: Zoneless Change Detection](https://justangular.com/blog/a-new-era-for-angular-zoneless-change-detection)
+- [@video@Zoneless Angular Applications in V18](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MZ6s5EL7hKk)
+- [@video@I tested Angular 18 Zoneless mode and this is what I found out!](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vHNeAqgNM4o)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/aws/content/101-ec2/102-storage-volume.md b/src/data/roadmaps/aws/content/101-ec2/102-storage-volume.md
index e94814775..f736d7c0a 100644
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/aws/content/101-ec2/102-storage-volume.md
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/aws/content/101-ec2/102-storage-volume.md
@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
 # Storage / Volumes
 
-In AWS, an `Amazon EBS` (Elastic Block Store) is the storage volume used by EC2 (Elastic Compute Cloud) instances. It is designed for data durability, and Amazon EBS volumes automatically replicate within their Availability Zone to prevent data loss due to failure of any individual component. EBS volumes are attached to an EC2 instance, and appear as a network drive that you can mount and format using the file system of your choice. You can use Amazon EBS as the primary storage for data that requires frequent updates, such as a system drive for an instance or storage for a database application.
\ No newline at end of file
+In AWS, an `Amazon EBS` (Elastic Block Store) is the storage volume used by EC2 (Elastic Compute Cloud) instances. It is designed for data durability, and Amazon EBS volumes automatically replicate within their Availability Zone to prevent data loss due to failure of any individual component. EBS volumes are attached to an EC2 instance, and appear as a network drive that you can mount and format using the file system of your choice. You can use Amazon EBS as the primary storage for data that requires frequent updates, such as a system drive for an instance or storage for a database application.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@Elastic Block Store](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/pt_br/ebs/latest/userguide/what-is-ebs.html)
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/aws/content/101-ec2/103-keypairs.md b/src/data/roadmaps/aws/content/101-ec2/103-keypairs.md
index bdb6862b7..fa03918c9 100644
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/aws/content/101-ec2/103-keypairs.md
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/aws/content/101-ec2/103-keypairs.md
@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
 # Keypairs
 
-Key pairs are part of Amazon EC2 and are used to securely log into your instances. A key pair consists of a public key and a private key. Amazon EC2 generates the key pair and gives you the private key, whereas the public key is stored with AWS. When you launch an EC2 instance, you specify the name of the key pair. You can then use the private key to securely connect to your instance. Key pairs are region-specific, meaning you need to create separate key pairs for each region in which you operate your instances.
\ No newline at end of file
+Key pairs are part of Amazon EC2 and are used to securely log into your instances. A key pair consists of a public key and a private key. Amazon EC2 generates the key pair and gives you the private key, whereas the public key is stored with AWS. When you launch an EC2 instance, you specify the name of the key pair. You can then use the private key to securely connect to your instance. Key pairs are region-specific, meaning you need to create separate key pairs for each region in which you operate your instances.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@EC2 - Keypairs](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/pt_br/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/ec2-key-pairs.html)
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/aws/content/101-ec2/104-elastic-ip.md b/src/data/roadmaps/aws/content/101-ec2/104-elastic-ip.md
index 2b97b76ca..7661165bc 100644
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/aws/content/101-ec2/104-elastic-ip.md
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/aws/content/101-ec2/104-elastic-ip.md
@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
 # Elastic IP
 
-"Elastic IP" in AWS EC2 is a static IPv4 address designed for dynamic cloud computing. An Elastic IP address is associated with your AWS account not a particular instance, and you control that address until you choose to explicitly release it. Unlike traditional static IP addresses, however, Elastic IP addresses allow you to mask the failure of an instance or software by rapidly remapping the address to another instance in your account.
\ No newline at end of file
+"Elastic IP" in AWS EC2 is a static IPv4 address designed for dynamic cloud computing. An Elastic IP address is associated with your AWS account not a particular instance, and you control that address until you choose to explicitly release it. Unlike traditional static IP addresses, however, Elastic IP addresses allow you to mask the failure of an instance or software by rapidly remapping the address to another instance in your account.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@Elastic IP Addresses](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/pt_br/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/elastic-ip-addresses-eip.html)
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/aws/content/101-ec2/105-user-data-scripts.md b/src/data/roadmaps/aws/content/101-ec2/105-user-data-scripts.md
index 8bbe246dd..37989ce70 100644
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/aws/content/101-ec2/105-user-data-scripts.md
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/aws/content/101-ec2/105-user-data-scripts.md
@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
 # User Data Scripts
 
-"User Data Scripts" in EC2 instances are used to perform common automated configuration tasks and even run scripts after the instance starts. These scripts run as the root user, and can be used to install software or download files from an S3 bucket. You can pass up to 16 KB of data to an instance, either as plain text or base64-encoded. The User Data script is executed only one time when the instance is first launched. If you stop and start the instance, the script does not run again. However, it will run on every boot if the instance reboots.
\ No newline at end of file
+"User Data Scripts" in EC2 instances are used to perform common automated configuration tasks and even run scripts after the instance starts. These scripts run as the root user, and can be used to install software or download files from an S3 bucket. You can pass up to 16 KB of data to an instance, either as plain text or base64-encoded. The User Data script is executed only one time when the instance is first launched. If you stop and start the instance, the script does not run again. However, it will run on every boot if the instance reboots.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@User Data Scripts EC2](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/pt_br/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/user-data.html)
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/aws/content/102-vpc/102-route-tables.md b/src/data/roadmaps/aws/content/102-vpc/102-route-tables.md
index db025c1f9..faca9f7d6 100644
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/aws/content/102-vpc/102-route-tables.md
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/aws/content/102-vpc/102-route-tables.md
@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
 # Route Tables
 
-A _Route Table_ in AWS VPC is a set of rules, called routes, that are used to determine where network traffic is directed. Each subnet in your VPC must be associated with a route table, which controls the traffic for the subnet. By default, your VPC has a main route table that you can modify. You can also create additional custom route tables for your VPC. A subnet can only be associated with one route table at a time, but you can change the association.
\ No newline at end of file
+A _Route Table_ in AWS VPC is a set of rules, called routes, that are used to determine where network traffic is directed. Each subnet in your VPC must be associated with a route table, which controls the traffic for the subnet. By default, your VPC has a main route table that you can modify. You can also create additional custom route tables for your VPC. A subnet can only be associated with one route table at a time, but you can change the association.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@Route Tables](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/pt_br/quicksight/latest/user/vpc-route-table.html)
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/aws/content/103-iam/100-policies/index.md b/src/data/roadmaps/aws/content/103-iam/100-policies/index.md
index 5debe4698..25b007432 100644
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/aws/content/103-iam/100-policies/index.md
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/aws/content/103-iam/100-policies/index.md
@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
 # Policies
 
-Policies in Amazon IAM (Identity and Access Management) are documents that act as containers for permissions. They are expressed in JSON format in IAM and they define the actions, effects, resources, and optional conditions. There are two types of policies: identity-based policies and resource-based policies. Identity-based policies are attached to an IAM identity, and resource-based policies are attached to a resource. These policies specify what actions are allowed or denied on what resources, under what conditions. They are your primary tool in defining and managing permissions in AWS.
\ No newline at end of file
+Policies in Amazon IAM (Identity and Access Management) are documents that act as containers for permissions. They are expressed in JSON format in IAM and they define the actions, effects, resources, and optional conditions. There are two types of policies: identity-based policies and resource-based policies. Identity-based policies are attached to an IAM identity, and resource-based policies are attached to a resource. These policies specify what actions are allowed or denied on what resources, under what conditions. They are your primary tool in defining and managing permissions in AWS.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@Permissions and Policies](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/introduction_access-management.html)
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/aws/content/103-iam/102-roles/index.md b/src/data/roadmaps/aws/content/103-iam/102-roles/index.md
index da936adc0..5459cda40 100644
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/aws/content/103-iam/102-roles/index.md
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/aws/content/103-iam/102-roles/index.md
@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
 # Roles
 
-IAM Roles in AWS are a form of secure access control that do not directly associate with specific users or groups. Instead, trusted entities such as AWS users, applications or services (like EC2) can take on roles to obtain temporary security credentials for making AWS API requests. The structure of roles lets you delegate access with defined permissions, helping to keep your environment secure. Moreover, because roles yield temporary credentials for navigation within AWS, you won't have to deal with long-term keys.
\ No newline at end of file
+IAM Roles in AWS are a form of secure access control that do not directly associate with specific users or groups. Instead, trusted entities such as AWS users, applications or services (like EC2) can take on roles to obtain temporary security credentials for making AWS API requests. The structure of roles lets you delegate access with defined permissions, helping to keep your environment secure. Moreover, because roles yield temporary credentials for navigation within AWS, you won't have to deal with long-term keys.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@Create Your First Role](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/getting-started-roles.html)
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/aws/content/103-iam/index.md b/src/data/roadmaps/aws/content/103-iam/index.md
index 4a623e00e..948fc1c49 100644
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/aws/content/103-iam/index.md
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/aws/content/103-iam/index.md
@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
 # IAM
 
-IAM, or Identity and Access Management, in AWS is a service that enables you to manage access to AWS services and resources securely. It allows you to create and manage AWS users and groups, and use permissions to allow and deny their access to AWS resources. The service includes features like shared access to your AWS account, granular permissions, identity federation (including active directory integration), multi-factor authentication (MFA), and providing temporary access for users, among others. IAM is a universal system, meaning it's globally accessible and does not depend on specific regions.
\ No newline at end of file
+IAM, or Identity and Access Management, in AWS is a service that enables you to manage access to AWS services and resources securely. It allows you to create and manage AWS users and groups, and use permissions to allow and deny their access to AWS resources. The service includes features like shared access to your AWS account, granular permissions, identity federation (including active directory integration), multi-factor authentication (MFA), and providing temporary access for users, among others. IAM is a universal system, meaning it's globally accessible and does not depend on specific regions.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@IAM - User Guide](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/introduction.html)
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/backend/content/graphql@zp3bq38tMnutT2N0tktOW.md b/src/data/roadmaps/backend/content/graphql@zp3bq38tMnutT2N0tktOW.md
index b7cbb78bc..153d3e0d6 100644
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/backend/content/graphql@zp3bq38tMnutT2N0tktOW.md
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/backend/content/graphql@zp3bq38tMnutT2N0tktOW.md
@@ -11,4 +11,5 @@ GraphQL is widely used in modern web and mobile applications, and it is supporte
 Visit the following resources to learn more:
 
 - [@official@GraphQL Official Website](https://graphql.org/)
+- [@video@Tutorial - GraphQL Explained in 100 Seconds](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eIQh02xuVw4)
 - [@feed@Explore top posts about GraphQL](https://app.daily.dev/tags/graphql?ref=roadmapsh)
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/backend/content/timescale@WiAK70I0z-_bzbWNwiHUd.md b/src/data/roadmaps/backend/content/timescale@WiAK70I0z-_bzbWNwiHUd.md
index 40e824338..586b56e59 100644
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/backend/content/timescale@WiAK70I0z-_bzbWNwiHUd.md
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/backend/content/timescale@WiAK70I0z-_bzbWNwiHUd.md
@@ -1 +1,9 @@
-# TimeScale
\ No newline at end of file
+# TimeScale
+
+TimescaleDB is an open-source time-series database built on top of PostgreSQL, designed for efficiently storing and querying time-series data. 
+
+It introduces the concept of hypertables, which automatically partition data by time and space, making it ideal for high-volume data scenarios like monitoring, IoT, and financial analytics. 
+
+TimescaleDB combines the power of relational databases with the performance of a specialized time-series solution, offering advanced features like continuous aggregates, real-time analytics, and seamless integration with PostgreSQL's ecosystem.
+
+It's a robust choice for developers looking to manage time-series data in scalable and efficient ways.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/blockchain/blockchain.json b/src/data/roadmaps/blockchain/blockchain.json
index 0fcc5c841..e21cc2323 100644
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/blockchain/blockchain.json
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/blockchain/blockchain.json
@@ -2864,7 +2864,7 @@
       },
       "selected": false,
       "data": {
-        "label": "Centralized Storage",
+        "label": "Decentralized Storage",
         "style": {
           "fontSize": 17,
           "justifyContent": "flex-start",
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/blockchain/content/centralized-storage@tvk1Wh04BcFbAAwYWMx27.md b/src/data/roadmaps/blockchain/content/decentralized-storage@tvk1Wh04BcFbAAwYWMx27.md
similarity index 100%
rename from src/data/roadmaps/blockchain/content/centralized-storage@tvk1Wh04BcFbAAwYWMx27.md
rename to src/data/roadmaps/blockchain/content/decentralized-storage@tvk1Wh04BcFbAAwYWMx27.md
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/computer-science/computer-science.json b/src/data/roadmaps/computer-science/computer-science.json
index f48e916d0..8dcb826c3 100644
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/computer-science/computer-science.json
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/computer-science/computer-science.json
@@ -5797,7 +5797,7 @@
       },
       "selected": false,
       "data": {
-        "label": "Cloud Design Ptterns",
+        "label": "Cloud Design Patterns",
         "style": {
           "fontSize": 17,
           "justifyContent": "flex-start",
@@ -8409,4 +8409,4 @@
       "focusable": true
     }
   ]
-}
\ No newline at end of file
+}
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/computer-science/content/breadth-first-search@vcV6TEM_PqXxtThdfMKGw.md b/src/data/roadmaps/computer-science/content/breadth-first-search@vcV6TEM_PqXxtThdfMKGw.md
index 19a92d58b..0180f9cb3 100644
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/computer-science/content/breadth-first-search@vcV6TEM_PqXxtThdfMKGw.md
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/computer-science/content/breadth-first-search@vcV6TEM_PqXxtThdfMKGw.md
@@ -5,4 +5,4 @@ Breadth first search for a graph is a way to traverse the graph. It starts at th
 Visit the following resources to learn more:
 
 - [@video@Graph Algorithms II - DFS, BFS, Kruskals Algorithm, Union Find Data Structure - Lecture 7](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ufj5_bppBsA&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=7)
-- [@video@Breadth-first search in 4 minutes](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hz5ytanv5qe)
\ No newline at end of file
+- [@video@Breadth-first search in 4 minutes](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HZ5YTanv5QE)
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/computer-science/content/cloud-design-ptterns@YMO9oD_sbzyDZPNU2xZwe.md b/src/data/roadmaps/computer-science/content/cloud-design-patterns@YMO9oD_sbzyDZPNU2xZwe.md
similarity index 100%
rename from src/data/roadmaps/computer-science/content/cloud-design-ptterns@YMO9oD_sbzyDZPNU2xZwe.md
rename to src/data/roadmaps/computer-science/content/cloud-design-patterns@YMO9oD_sbzyDZPNU2xZwe.md
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/cyber-security/content/basics-of-ids-and-ips@FJsEBOFexbDyAj86XWBCc.md b/src/data/roadmaps/cyber-security/content/basics-of-ids-and-ips@FJsEBOFexbDyAj86XWBCc.md
index 7763d01eb..a07f21b0a 100644
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/cyber-security/content/basics-of-ids-and-ips@FJsEBOFexbDyAj86XWBCc.md
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/cyber-security/content/basics-of-ids-and-ips@FJsEBOFexbDyAj86XWBCc.md
@@ -30,3 +30,8 @@ There are two types of IPS:
 - Regularly updating and configuring IDS/IPS is necessary to continually defend against evolving threats.
 
 By understanding the basics of IDS and IPS, you can better evaluate your security needs and take the right steps to protect your network and hosts from potential intruders.
+
+Learn more from the following resources:
+
+- [@video@Intrusion Prevention System (IPS)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7QuYupuic3Q)
+- [@article@What is an Intrusion Prevention System?](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-an-intrusion-prevention-system-ips)
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/cyber-security/content/drive-by-attack@cO70zHvHgBAH29khF-hBW.md b/src/data/roadmaps/cyber-security/content/drive-by-attack@cO70zHvHgBAH29khF-hBW.md
index e69de29bb..41f549379 100644
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/cyber-security/content/drive-by-attack@cO70zHvHgBAH29khF-hBW.md
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/cyber-security/content/drive-by-attack@cO70zHvHgBAH29khF-hBW.md
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# Drive-by Attack
+
+Drive-by Attack is a type of cyberattack where malicious code is automatically downloaded and executed on a user's system simply by visiting a compromised or malicious website. The user does not need to click on anything or interact with the page; just loading the website is enough to trigger the attack.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@aticle@What is a Drive-By Attack?](https://www.ericom.com/glossary/what-is-a-drive-by-attack/)
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/cyber-security/content/dropbox@9OastXVfiG1YRMm68ecnn.md b/src/data/roadmaps/cyber-security/content/dropbox@9OastXVfiG1YRMm68ecnn.md
index c3c26d20c..0555fa478 100644
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/cyber-security/content/dropbox@9OastXVfiG1YRMm68ecnn.md
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/cyber-security/content/dropbox@9OastXVfiG1YRMm68ecnn.md
@@ -38,3 +38,5 @@ There are a few downsides to using Dropbox as your cloud storage solution:
 ## Conclusion
 
 Dropbox is a simple and user-friendly cloud storage service that offers seamless integration with various platforms and efficient file sharing options. While its free plan may be limited compared to other alternatives, the ease of use and robust feature set make it a popular choice for both personal and professional use.
+
+- [@official@Dropbox](https://www.dropbox.com/)
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/cyber-security/content/dumpster-diving@Iu0Qtk13RjrhHpSlm0uyh.md b/src/data/roadmaps/cyber-security/content/dumpster-diving@Iu0Qtk13RjrhHpSlm0uyh.md
index e69de29bb..b73b32b9e 100644
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/cyber-security/content/dumpster-diving@Iu0Qtk13RjrhHpSlm0uyh.md
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/cyber-security/content/dumpster-diving@Iu0Qtk13RjrhHpSlm0uyh.md
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# Dumpster Diving
+
+Dumpster Diving in the context of cybersecurity refers to the practice of searching through discarded materials in trash or recycling bins to find confidential information. This technique may seem unsophisticated, but it can be extremely effective in obtaining valuable data such as passwords, account information, network diagrams, or any other sensitive information that has not been properly destroyed.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@article@What is Dumpster Diving](https://powerdmarc.com/dumpster-diving-in-cybersecurity/)
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/cyber-security/content/edr@QvHWrmMzO8IvNQ234E_wf.md b/src/data/roadmaps/cyber-security/content/edr@QvHWrmMzO8IvNQ234E_wf.md
index e69de29bb..6a12cdef3 100644
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/cyber-security/content/edr@QvHWrmMzO8IvNQ234E_wf.md
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/cyber-security/content/edr@QvHWrmMzO8IvNQ234E_wf.md
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# EDR
+
+Endpoint Detection and Response (EDR) is a cybersecurity technology that provides continuous monitoring and response to threats at the endpoint level. It is designed to detect, investigate, and mitigate suspicious activities on endpoints such as laptops, desktops, and mobile devices. EDR solutions log and analyze behaviors on these devices to identify potential threats, such as malware or ransomware, that have bypassed traditional security measures like antivirus software. This technology equips security teams with the tools to quickly respond to and contain threats, minimizing the risk of a security breach spreading across the network. EDR systems are an essential component of modern cybersecurity strategies, offering advanced protection by utilizing real-time analytics, AI-driven automation, and comprehensive data recording.
+
+Learn more from the following resources:
+
+- [@video@What is Endpoint Detection and Response (EDR)? - IBM](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=55GaIolVVqI)
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/cyber-security/content/endpoint-security@LEgJtu1GZKOtoAXyOGWLE.md b/src/data/roadmaps/cyber-security/content/endpoint-security@LEgJtu1GZKOtoAXyOGWLE.md
index aa1e30c74..9cfeeb21d 100644
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/cyber-security/content/endpoint-security@LEgJtu1GZKOtoAXyOGWLE.md
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/cyber-security/content/endpoint-security@LEgJtu1GZKOtoAXyOGWLE.md
@@ -25,3 +25,9 @@ To effectively secure your endpoints, consider implementing the following measur
 - **User Training**: Educate users about the importance of endpoint security and the best practices for maintaining it. This includes topics like creating strong passwords, avoiding phishing scams, and following safe browsing practices.
 
 By taking a comprehensive approach to endpoint security, you can protect your organization's network and sensitive data from the growing threat of cyberattacks.
+
+Learn more from the following resources:
+
+- [@video@Endpoint Security](https://youtu.be/5d7PCDm_MXs?si=RX3sAdNPLG0tJOaR&t=11)
+- [@course@Manage endpoint security - Microsoft Learn](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/training/paths/manage-endpoint-security/)
+
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/cyber-security/content/evil-twin@O1fY2n40yjZtJUEeoItKr.md b/src/data/roadmaps/cyber-security/content/evil-twin@O1fY2n40yjZtJUEeoItKr.md
index e69de29bb..61de1ad1f 100644
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/cyber-security/content/evil-twin@O1fY2n40yjZtJUEeoItKr.md
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/cyber-security/content/evil-twin@O1fY2n40yjZtJUEeoItKr.md
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+# What is Evil Twin attack
+
+An Evil Twin is a type of wireless network attack where an attacker sets up a rogue Wi-Fi access point that mimics a legitimate Wi-Fi network. The rogue access point has the same SSID (network name) as the legitimate network, making it difficult for users to distinguish between the two. The attacker's goal is to trick users into connecting to the rogue access point, allowing them to intercept sensitive information, inject malware, or launch other types of attacks.
+
+## Types of Evil Twin Attacks
+
+- **Captive Portal Attack:**  The most common evil twin attack scenario is an attack using Captive Portals, this is a common scenario where an attacker creates a fake captive portal that mimics the legitimate network's login page.
+The goal is to trick users into entering their credentials, which the attacker can then use to gain access to the network.
+- **Man-in-the-Middle (MitM) Attack:**  In this scenario, the attacker intercepts communication between the user's device and the legitimate network. The attacker can then inject malware, steal sensitive information, or modify data in real-time.
+- **SSL Stripping Attack:** The attacker downgrades the user's connection from HTTPS to HTTP, allowing them to intercept sensitive information, such as login credentials or credit card numbers.
+- **Malware Injection:** The attacker injects malware into the user's device, which can then spread to other devices on the network.
+
+## How Evil Twin Attacks are Carried Out
+
+- **Rogue Access Point:** The attacker sets up a rogue access point with the same SSID as the legitimate network. This can be done using a laptop, a portable Wi-Fi router, or even a compromised device on the network.
+- **Wi-Fi Scanning:** The attacker uses specialized software to scan for nearby Wi-Fi networks and identify potential targets.
+- **Network Sniffing:** The attacker uses network sniffing tools to capture and analyze network traffic, allowing them to identify vulnerabilities and intercept sensitive information.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@website@Common tool - airgeddon](https://www.kali.org/tools/airgeddon/)
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/cyber-security/content/impersonation@ZEgxmvjWPp5NofLFz_FTJ.md b/src/data/roadmaps/cyber-security/content/impersonation@ZEgxmvjWPp5NofLFz_FTJ.md
index e69de29bb..20232cade 100644
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/cyber-security/content/impersonation@ZEgxmvjWPp5NofLFz_FTJ.md
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/cyber-security/content/impersonation@ZEgxmvjWPp5NofLFz_FTJ.md
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# Impersonation
+
+Impersonation in cybersecurity refers to an attack technique where a threat actor pretends to be a legitimate person or entity to deceive individuals, systems, or organizations. This tactic is commonly used in social engineering attacks to gain unauthorized access to sensitive information, resources, or systems.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@article@What is an Impersonation Attack?](https://www.upguard.com/blog/impersonation-attack)
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/cyber-security/content/ipsec@gNFVtBxSYP5Uw3o3tlJ0M.md b/src/data/roadmaps/cyber-security/content/ipsec@gNFVtBxSYP5Uw3o3tlJ0M.md
index e69de29bb..3b04026fc 100644
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/cyber-security/content/ipsec@gNFVtBxSYP5Uw3o3tlJ0M.md
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/cyber-security/content/ipsec@gNFVtBxSYP5Uw3o3tlJ0M.md
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# IPSec
+
+IPSec, which stands for Internet Protocol Security, is a suite of protocols used to secure Internet communications by encrypting and authenticating IP packets. It is commonly utilized in Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) to ensure that data transmitted over public networks is not accessible to unauthorized individuals. IPSec operates by encrypting data at the source and decrypting it at the destination, maintaining the confidentiality and integrity of the data while in transit. Additionally, it provides authentication, ensuring that the data is being sent and received by the intended parties. This protocol suite is versatile as it can be used with both IPv4 and IPv6 networks, making it a fundamental component for secure online communication.
+
+- [@video@IP Sec VPN Fundamentals](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=15amNny_kKI)
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/cyber-security/content/kali-linux@w6wXkoLrv0_d-Ah0txUHd.md b/src/data/roadmaps/cyber-security/content/kali-linux@w6wXkoLrv0_d-Ah0txUHd.md
index e69de29bb..6437aa6b3 100644
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/cyber-security/content/kali-linux@w6wXkoLrv0_d-Ah0txUHd.md
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/cyber-security/content/kali-linux@w6wXkoLrv0_d-Ah0txUHd.md
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+# Kali Linux
+
+Kali Linux is a specialized Linux distribution that is designed for penetration testing, security auditing, and related information security tasks. Originating from the Debian distribution, Kali Linux is equipped with a vast array of tools that are used for ethical hacking purposes. It is an open-source project that provides users with the means to test the security of systems and networks by simulating attacks in a controlled environment. 
+
+## Tools
+
+With over 600 pre-installed penetration-testing programs, Kali Linux offers tools for various security-related tasks, such as network analysis, vulnerability scanning, and forensic analysis. Its development is overseen by Offensive Security, a company known for their contributions to the field of information security. Kali Linux is highly customizable, allowing users to tailor the system to their specific needs, and supports a wide range of hardware platforms. It is a powerful resource for professionals in the cybersecurity field, as well as for those who are passionate about learning and practicing ethical hacking techniques.
+
+- [@official@Kali Linux](https://www.kali.org/)
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/cyber-security/content/linux@4frVcjYI1VlVU9hQgpwcT.md b/src/data/roadmaps/cyber-security/content/linux@4frVcjYI1VlVU9hQgpwcT.md
index de7b4b563..c52fd5644 100644
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/cyber-security/content/linux@4frVcjYI1VlVU9hQgpwcT.md
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/cyber-security/content/linux@4frVcjYI1VlVU9hQgpwcT.md
@@ -32,9 +32,11 @@ While Linux is inherently secure, there are best practices to enhance your syste
 
 By understanding Linux's features and best practices, you can leverage its powerful capabilities and robust security features to enhance your computing environment's performance and safety.
 
+Recommended resources include:
+
 - [@article@Learn Linux](https://linuxjourney.com/)
 - [@video@Linux in 100 Seconds](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rrB13utjYV4)
 - [@video@Introduction to Linux](https://youtu.be/sWbUDq4S6Y8)
 - [@article@Linux Commands Cheat Sheet](https://cdn.hostinger.com/tutorials/pdf/Linux-Commands-Cheat-Sheet.pdf)
-- [@course@Linux from scratch- Cisco](https://www.netacad.com/courses/os-it/ndg-linux-unhatched)
+- [@course@Linux from scratch - Cisco](https://www.netacad.com/courses/os-it/ndg-linux-unhatched)
 - [@feed@Explore top posts about Linux](https://app.daily.dev/tags/linux?ref=roadmapsh)
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/cyber-security/content/phishing@7obusm5UtHwWMcMMEB3lt.md b/src/data/roadmaps/cyber-security/content/phishing@7obusm5UtHwWMcMMEB3lt.md
index e69de29bb..70f75159e 100644
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/cyber-security/content/phishing@7obusm5UtHwWMcMMEB3lt.md
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/cyber-security/content/phishing@7obusm5UtHwWMcMMEB3lt.md
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+# Phishing
+
+The technique where scammers pretend to be trusted organizations like your *bank*, *online retailers* or a *government office* in order to trick you into sharing your personal information like bank passcode, credit card number, Paypal password etc.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@article@How to Recognize and Avoid Phishing Scams](https://consumer.ftc.gov/articles/how-recognize-and-avoid-phishing-scams)
+- [@article@phishing - definition](https://www.techtarget.com/searchsecurity/definition/phishing)
+- [@video@Protect yourself from phishing](https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/protect-yourself-from-phishing-0c7ea947-ba98-3bd9-7184-430e1f860a44)
+- [@video@Phishing attacks are SCARY easy to do!! (let me show you!)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u9dBGWVwMMA)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/cyber-security/content/reconnaissance@UU_inxa8Y2lLP2BRhdLDT.md b/src/data/roadmaps/cyber-security/content/reconnaissance@UU_inxa8Y2lLP2BRhdLDT.md
index e69de29bb..7fc03ad60 100644
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/cyber-security/content/reconnaissance@UU_inxa8Y2lLP2BRhdLDT.md
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/cyber-security/content/reconnaissance@UU_inxa8Y2lLP2BRhdLDT.md
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# Reconnaissance
+
+Reconnaissance is the first phase of a cyberattack, during which attackers gather as much information as possible about a target system, network, or organization. The goal of reconnaissance is to identify potential vulnerabilities, entry points, and other valuable details that can be exploited in subsequent attack phases.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@article@What is Cyber Reconnaissance](https://www.sentinelone.com/cybersecurity-101/threat-intelligence/what-is-cyber-reconnaissance/)
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/cyber-security/content/ssl--tls@LKK1A5-xawA7yCIAWHS8P.md b/src/data/roadmaps/cyber-security/content/ssl--tls@LKK1A5-xawA7yCIAWHS8P.md
index 320d33b0e..b160f8f22 100644
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/cyber-security/content/ssl--tls@LKK1A5-xawA7yCIAWHS8P.md
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/cyber-security/content/ssl--tls@LKK1A5-xawA7yCIAWHS8P.md
@@ -31,3 +31,7 @@ Here are the key steps in setting up an SSL/TLS connection:
 - **Authentication:** SSL/TLS uses digital certificates to authenticate the server and sometimes the client. This helps to ensure that the parties involved in the communication are who they claim to be.
 
 - **Data integrity:** SSL/TLS includes mechanisms to confirm that the data received has not been tampered with during transmission, maintaining the integrity of the information being sent.
+
+Learn more from the following resources:
+
+- [@video@SSL, TLS, HTTPS Explained](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j9QmMEWmcfo)
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/cyber-security/content/ssl-and-tls-basics@dJ0NUsODFhk52W2zZxoPh.md b/src/data/roadmaps/cyber-security/content/ssl-and-tls-basics@dJ0NUsODFhk52W2zZxoPh.md
index a794e1f86..045b37c20 100644
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/cyber-security/content/ssl-and-tls-basics@dJ0NUsODFhk52W2zZxoPh.md
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/cyber-security/content/ssl-and-tls-basics@dJ0NUsODFhk52W2zZxoPh.md
@@ -27,3 +27,7 @@ SSL and TLS follow a series of steps, known as the "handshake process," to creat
 - **Secured connection**: Once the keys are exchanged, the client and server can now communicate securely using the established encryption and keys.
 
 Secure communication is critical for any organization handling sensitive data. SSL and TLS serve as the backbone for protecting data in transit and play a significant role in ensuring the confidentiality, integrity, and authenticity of online communications.
+
+Learn more from the following resources:
+
+- [@video@SSH vs TLS vs SSL](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k3rFFLmQCuY)
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/cyber-security/content/watering-hole-attack@dcvuKHq0nHgHLcLwtl4IJ.md b/src/data/roadmaps/cyber-security/content/watering-hole-attack@dcvuKHq0nHgHLcLwtl4IJ.md
index e69de29bb..e486128ec 100644
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/cyber-security/content/watering-hole-attack@dcvuKHq0nHgHLcLwtl4IJ.md
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/cyber-security/content/watering-hole-attack@dcvuKHq0nHgHLcLwtl4IJ.md
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# Watering Hole Attack
+
+Watering Hole Attack is a type of cyberattack where the attacker targets a specific group of users by compromising a website or online resource that they are known to frequently visit. The name "watering hole" comes from the idea of predators waiting by a water source to attack prey, similar to how attackers wait for their targets to visit a compromised site.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+- [@article@What is a watering hole attack?](https://www.techtarget.com/searchsecurity/definition/watering-hole-attack)
+
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/cyber-security/cyber-security.json b/src/data/roadmaps/cyber-security/cyber-security.json
index 63f9662e7..496b8b742 100644
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/cyber-security/cyber-security.json
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/cyber-security/cyber-security.json
@@ -1749,7 +1749,7 @@
       "focusable": true
     },
     {
-      "id": "BqvijNoRzSGYLCMP-6hhr",
+      "id": "AAo7DXB7hyBzO6p05gx1i",
       "type": "subtopic",
       "position": {
         "x": -390.0291449445003,
@@ -1757,7 +1757,7 @@
       },
       "selected": false,
       "data": {
-        "label": "CISSP",
+        "label": "CEH",
         "style": {
           "fontSize": 17,
           "justifyContent": "flex-start",
@@ -2045,7 +2045,7 @@
       "selectable": true
     },
     {
-      "id": "AAo7DXB7hyBzO6p05gx1i",
+      "id": "BqvijNoRzSGYLCMP-6hhr",
       "type": "subtopic",
       "position": {
         "x": -389.24003999212795,
@@ -2053,7 +2053,7 @@
       },
       "selected": false,
       "data": {
-        "label": "CEH",
+        "label": "CISSP",
         "style": {
           "fontSize": 17,
           "justifyContent": "flex-start",
@@ -4014,7 +4014,7 @@
       },
       "selected": false,
       "data": {
-        "label": "Network Topologies",
+        "label": "Network Protocols",
         "href": "",
         "color": "#000000",
         "style": {
@@ -12001,4 +12001,4 @@
       "focusable": true
     }
   ]
-}
\ No newline at end of file
+}
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/data-analyst/content/replace--substitute@dke_pySrqYZZ7K3rprnIT.md b/src/data/roadmaps/data-analyst/content/replace--substitute@dke_pySrqYZZ7K3rprnIT.md
index 9c59cb98e..6ff262270 100644
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/data-analyst/content/replace--substitute@dke_pySrqYZZ7K3rprnIT.md
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/data-analyst/content/replace--substitute@dke_pySrqYZZ7K3rprnIT.md
@@ -1 +1,12 @@
-# REPLACE / SUBSTITUTE
\ No newline at end of file
+# REPLACE / SUBSTITUTE
+
+In Microsoft Excel, the REPLACE and SUBSTITUTE functions are powerful tools used for modifying text data within cells. Both functions serve to alter text but are utilized in different scenarios based on the nature of the changes needed.
+
+The SUBSTITUTE function is used to replace occurrences of a specified substring with a new substring. It allows for replacing text based on matching characters rather than position, making it ideal for altering specific instances of text within a string.
+
+The REPLACE function is used to replace part of a text string with another text string, based on its position within the original text. It is particularly useful when you need to replace a specific segment of text with new text, starting at a designated position.
+
+Learn more from the following resources:
+
+- [@article@Replace Function](https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/office/replace-function-6acf209b-01b7-4078-b4b8-e0a4ef67d181)
+- [@article@Substitute Function](https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/office/substitute-function-6434944e-a904-4336-a9b0-1e58df3bc332)
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/devops/content/bash@syBIAL1mHbJLnTBoSxXI7.md b/src/data/roadmaps/devops/content/bash@syBIAL1mHbJLnTBoSxXI7.md
index c440361fa..1bed30145 100644
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/devops/content/bash@syBIAL1mHbJLnTBoSxXI7.md
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/devops/content/bash@syBIAL1mHbJLnTBoSxXI7.md
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 # Bash scripting
 
 - [@article@Interactive Shell Scripting Tutorial](https://www.learnshell.org/en/Welcome)
-- [@feed@Explore top posts about Bash](https://app.daily.dev/tags/bash?ref=roadmapsh)
\ No newline at end of file
+- [@article@Bash Scripting Tutorial](https://www.javatpoint.com/bash)
+- [@feed@Explore top posts about Bash](https://app.daily.dev/tags/bash?ref=roadmapsh)
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/devops/content/datadog@BHny2Emf96suhAlltiEro.md b/src/data/roadmaps/devops/content/datadog@BHny2Emf96suhAlltiEro.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..962adec26
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/devops/content/datadog@BHny2Emf96suhAlltiEro.md
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+# Datadog
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/devops/content/vim--nano---emacs@Jt8BmtLUH6fHT2pGKoJs3.md b/src/data/roadmaps/devops/content/vim--nano---emacs@Jt8BmtLUH6fHT2pGKoJs3.md
index 7578153d4..300b98537 100644
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/devops/content/vim--nano---emacs@Jt8BmtLUH6fHT2pGKoJs3.md
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/devops/content/vim--nano---emacs@Jt8BmtLUH6fHT2pGKoJs3.md
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ Editors are tools that allow you to create or edit files on your file system.
 
 ## Vim
 
-Vim is a highly configurable text editor built to make creating and changing any kind of text very efficient. It is included as "vi" with most UNIX systems and with Apple OS X.
+Vim is a highly configurable text editor built to make creating and changing any kind of text very efficient. It is included as "vi" with most UNIX systems and with macOS X.
 
 Vim ships with `vimtutor` that is a tutor designed to describe enough of the Vim commands that you will be able to easily use Vim as an all-purpose editor.
 
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/devops/devops.md b/src/data/roadmaps/devops/devops.md
index 5b8396f1a..a1849ac41 100644
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/devops/devops.md
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/devops/devops.md
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ question:
     DevOps is not a specific job title or role, but rather a set of practices and principles that can be applied across a variety of roles in software development and IT operations. Anyone involved in the software development and delivery process can adopt a DevOps mindset and apply DevOps practices in their work, including developers, testers, operations engineers, product managers, and others.
     
     ## What is a DevOps Engineer?
-    While DevOps is not a specific job title or role, organizations often hire for a "DevOps Engineer" role. A DevOps Engineer is a software engineer who specializes in the practices and tools that enable the continuous delivery of software. DevOps Engineers are responsible for the design and implementation of applications, software, and services for their organization, and they work closely with developers, testers, and operations staff to oversee the code releases.
+    While DevOps is not a specific job title or role, organizations often hire for a "DevOps Engineer" role. A [DevOps Engineer](https://roadmap.sh/devops/devops-engineer) is a software engineer who specializes in the practices and tools that enable the continuous delivery of software. DevOps Engineers are responsible for the design and implementation of applications, software, and services for their organization, and they work closely with developers, testers, and operations staff to oversee the code releases.
 dimensions:
   width: 968
   height: 2850
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/devrel/content/advocacy@7MCmY1bABGPfmzjErADvg.md b/src/data/roadmaps/devrel/content/advocacy@7MCmY1bABGPfmzjErADvg.md
index 0e14a5067..90597b298 100644
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/devrel/content/advocacy@7MCmY1bABGPfmzjErADvg.md
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/devrel/content/advocacy@7MCmY1bABGPfmzjErADvg.md
@@ -5,4 +5,5 @@ Developer Advocacy is the practice of representing and supporting the needs and
 Learn more from the following resources:
 
 - [@article@What is developer advocacy?](https://appsembler.com/glossary/developer-advocacy/)
+- [@article@The Developer Advocate Playbook: Your Go-To Guide to Turning Users into Champions 🚀](https://www.doc-e.ai/post/the-developer-advocate-playbook-your-go-to-guide-to-turning-users-into-champions)
 - [@video@Developer Relations: New Career Path for Developers](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iA2SQ4OL4GU)
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/devrel/content/building-a-community@GvmXdWiwITgWzx_f5_ick.md b/src/data/roadmaps/devrel/content/building-a-community@GvmXdWiwITgWzx_f5_ick.md
index c646e9e31..dbfb87144 100644
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/devrel/content/building-a-community@GvmXdWiwITgWzx_f5_ick.md
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/devrel/content/building-a-community@GvmXdWiwITgWzx_f5_ick.md
@@ -1 +1,8 @@
-# Building a Community
\ No newline at end of file
+# Building a Community
+
+Online developer communities have become the heart of successful DevTools (Developer Tools) go-to-market (GTM) strategies. They provide a platform for developers to connect, collaborate, learn, and share their expertise, ultimately fostering loyalty, driving product adoption, and fueling innovation.
+
+Learn more from the following resources:
+
+- [@article@Building and Nurturing Online Developer Communities: The Ultimate Guide](https://www.doc-e.ai/post/building-and-nurturing-online-developer-communities-the-ultimate-guide)
+- [@article@10 Proven Strategies for Building a Developer Community That Thrives: A Guide to Inclusion & Engagement](https://dev.to/swati1267/10-proven-strategies-for-building-a-developer-community-that-thrives-a-guide-to-inclusion-engagement-21cm)
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/devrel/content/community-engagement@yJygbi8cnp3oz2EFl2MR0.md b/src/data/roadmaps/devrel/content/community-engagement@yJygbi8cnp3oz2EFl2MR0.md
index 113c56928..55c5e875c 100644
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/devrel/content/community-engagement@yJygbi8cnp3oz2EFl2MR0.md
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/devrel/content/community-engagement@yJygbi8cnp3oz2EFl2MR0.md
@@ -1 +1,8 @@
-# Community Engagement
\ No newline at end of file
+# Community Engagement
+
+Building a positive developer experience through community engagement is an ongoing process that requires dedication, empathy, and a genuine commitment to your users. By investing in a welcoming environment, facilitating knowledge sharing, and leveraging AI-powered tools like Doc-E.ai, you can create a thriving community that not only supports your product but also becomes a source of innovation, loyalty, and growth.
+
+Learn more from the following resources:
+
+- [@article@The Ultimate Guide to Developer Engagement and Community Building: Unlocking the Power of Developer-Centric Growth](https://www.doc-e.ai/post/the-ultimate-guide-to-developer-engagement-and-community-building-unlocking-the-power-of-developer-centric-growth)
+- [@article@Fostering a Positive Developer Experience Through Community Engagement: A Blueprint for DevTool Success](https://www.doc-e.ai/post/fostering-a-positive-developer-experience-through-community-engagement-a-blueprint-for-devtool-success)
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/devrel/content/importance-of-devrel@N9HXTCQq2wfC-QurSofE_.md b/src/data/roadmaps/devrel/content/importance-of-devrel@N9HXTCQq2wfC-QurSofE_.md
index 295eb0e80..040a0aaff 100644
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/devrel/content/importance-of-devrel@N9HXTCQq2wfC-QurSofE_.md
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/devrel/content/importance-of-devrel@N9HXTCQq2wfC-QurSofE_.md
@@ -4,5 +4,6 @@ Developer Relations (DevRel) is crucial for fostering a vibrant and engaged deve
 
 Learn more from the following resources:
 
+- [@article@What is Developer Relations? The Ultimate Guide for DevTool GTM Teams](https://www.doc-e.ai/post/what-is-developer-relations-the-ultimate-guide-for-devtool-gtm-teams)
 - [@article@DevRel - Why is it important?](https://developers.onelogin.com/blog/devrel)
-- [@article@The role of developer advocacy in driving innovation](https://leaddev.com/process/role-developer-advocacy-driving-innovation)
\ No newline at end of file
+- [@article@The role of developer advocacy in driving innovation](https://leaddev.com/process/role-developer-advocacy-driving-innovation)
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/flutter/content/110-advanced-dart/107-streams.md b/src/data/roadmaps/flutter/content/110-advanced-dart/107-streams.md
index e6e41e473..e85a1a510 100644
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/flutter/content/110-advanced-dart/107-streams.md
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/flutter/content/110-advanced-dart/107-streams.md
@@ -5,3 +5,4 @@ Streams in Flutter are a way to receive data over time as it becomes available.
 Learn more from the following resources:
 
 - [@article@Creating streams in Dart](https://dart.dev/articles/libraries/creating-streams)
+- [@article@Understanding Streams in Dart and Flutter](https://medium.com/stackademic/understanding-streams-in-dart-and-flutter-0d153b559760)
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/frontend/content/react-router@KJRkrFZIihCUBrOf579EU.md b/src/data/roadmaps/frontend/content/react-router@KJRkrFZIihCUBrOf579EU.md
index f563b6833..7fd65a574 100644
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/frontend/content/react-router@KJRkrFZIihCUBrOf579EU.md
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/frontend/content/react-router@KJRkrFZIihCUBrOf579EU.md
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-# Remix
+# react-router
 
-Remix is a full stack web framework that lets you focus on the user interface and work back through web standards to deliver a fast, slick, and resilient user experience. People are gonna love using your stuff.
+There used to be Remix in this list but they announced to merge Remix into react-router after v7.
 
 Visit the following resources to learn more:
 
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/full-stack/content/checkpoint--infrastructure@YVMyHFSCVF-GgXydq-SFJ.md b/src/data/roadmaps/full-stack/content/checkpoint--infrastructure@YVMyHFSCVF-GgXydq-SFJ.md
index 4b3b1ef6d..c1e1fb318 100644
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/full-stack/content/checkpoint--infrastructure@YVMyHFSCVF-GgXydq-SFJ.md
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/full-stack/content/checkpoint--infrastructure@YVMyHFSCVF-GgXydq-SFJ.md
@@ -11,4 +11,4 @@ And that is it! You have successfully completed the roadmap and are now a full-s
 
 ## What's next?
 
-Go ahead and build something cool! Share your learnings with the community and help others learn as well. If you have any questions, feel free to join our [discord server](https://discord.gg/cJpEt5Qbwa) and ask away!
+Go ahead and build something cool! Share your learnings with the community and help others learn as well. If you have any questions, feel free to join our [discord server](https://discord.gg/ZrSpJ8zH) and ask away!
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/--hard@V_joZNpQsS9G9PI-o-GmC.md b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/--hard@V_joZNpQsS9G9PI-o-GmC.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e0750509f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/--hard@V_joZNpQsS9G9PI-o-GmC.md
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# --hard
+
+With this option, both the HEAD pointer and the working directory's contents are updated to match the specified commit. Any changes made since then will be lost.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@--hard documentation](https://git-scm.com/docs/git-reset#Documentation/git-reset.txt---hard)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/--mixed@qis7Z5VRxMcOmbesQlegZ.md b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/--mixed@qis7Z5VRxMcOmbesQlegZ.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..34eedf489
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/--mixed@qis7Z5VRxMcOmbesQlegZ.md
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# --mixed
+
+When using mixed mode, the HEAD pointer is moved to the specified commit. However, files in your working directory remain as they were before the reset. The staging area (index) is updated to match the specified commit.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@--mixed documentation](https://git-scm.com/docs/git-reset#Documentation/git-reset.txt---hard)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/--soft@Uc7FyfAKpDFRGRNHwztFo.md b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/--soft@Uc7FyfAKpDFRGRNHwztFo.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..58ee556f0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/--soft@Uc7FyfAKpDFRGRNHwztFo.md
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# --soft
+
+In this mode, only the HEAD pointer is moved to the specified commit. The files in your working directory are not modified, but they remain as they were when you started the reset.
+
+- [@official@--soft documentation](https://git-scm.com/docs/git-reset#Documentation/git-reset.txt---hard)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/adding--updating@x4bnsPVTiX2xOCSyrgWpF.md b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/adding--updating@x4bnsPVTiX2xOCSyrgWpF.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a5329769f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/adding--updating@x4bnsPVTiX2xOCSyrgWpF.md
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# Adding / Updating
+
+To add a submodule to a repository, use `git submodule add https://github.com/user/submodule-repo.git`, which is the typical format for specifying the URL of the submodule repository. This creates a new folder for the submodule and checks it out at the specified revision. To update an existing submodule to its latest commit, run `git submodule update`. If you want to pull in changes from upstream while keeping your submodule's history intact, use `git submodule sync` followed by `git submodule update`.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@article@Git submodules](https://www.atlassian.com/git/tutorials/git-submodule)
+- [@article@Working with submodules](https://github.blog/open-source/git/working-with-submodules/)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/automations@TNBz5755PhI6iKxTQTqcS.md b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/automations@TNBz5755PhI6iKxTQTqcS.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d944a2c62
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/automations@TNBz5755PhI6iKxTQTqcS.md
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# Automations
+
+To add automation to your GitHub project, use built-in workflows that can trigger actions such as setting fields on item changes or archiving items meeting specific criteria, and also configure automatic item addition from repositories based on matching criteria.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@Automating your project](https://docs.github.com/en/issues/planning-and-tracking-with-projects/automating-your-project)
+- [@video@GitHub Project Management - Create GitHub Project Board & Automations](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oPQgFxHcjAw&t=600s)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/basic-git-usage@PtU5Qwfzn3N1i3oRlCGoR.md b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/basic-git-usage@PtU5Qwfzn3N1i3oRlCGoR.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2ae005fcb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/basic-git-usage@PtU5Qwfzn3N1i3oRlCGoR.md
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+# Basic Git Usage
+
+Starting with a new project, you'll use `git init` to initialize a repository and then make changes using `git add`. Once ready, commit your work with `git commit`. If mistakes occur, `git reset` can help correct them. You'll also interact with remote repositories, whether private or public, by adding remotes (git remote add) and managing their connections through commands like `git fetch`, `git push`, and `git pull`.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@video@Git Tutorial for Beginners: Learn Git in 1 Hour](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8JJ101D3knE&t=1135s)
+- [@article@Git ignore](https://www.atlassian.com/git/tutorials/saving-changes/gitignore)
+- [@article@Git remote](https://www.atlassian.com/git/tutorials/syncing)
+- [@article@Git Cheat Sheet](https://education.github.com/git-cheat-sheet-education.pdf)
+- [@official@Git Branching - Basic Branching and Merging](https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Git-Branching-Basic-Branching-and-Merging)
+- [@official@Creating a new repository](https://docs.github.com/en/repositories/creating-and-managing-repositories/creating-a-new-repository)
+- [@official@Setting repository visibility](https://docs.github.com/en/repositories/managing-your-repositorys-settings-and-features/managing-repository-settings/setting-repository-visibility)
+- [@official@Pushing commits to a remote repository](https://docs.github.com/en/get-started/using-git/pushing-commits-to-a-remote-repository)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/between-branches@O-zoAWkDvyn7B8_TmY257.md b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/between-branches@O-zoAWkDvyn7B8_TmY257.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6f1bab014
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/between-branches@O-zoAWkDvyn7B8_TmY257.md
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# Between Branches
+
+When comparing the differences between two branches, such as a feature branch and its upstream parent branch, use `git diff <branch1>..<branch2>`. This command displays the changes made on the feature branch relative to the parent branch. It's useful for reviewing the impact of new features or changes before merging them into your mainline.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@article@How to compare branches in Git diff](https://scribehow.com/shared/How_to_Compare_Branches_in_GitHub__xsotezV-S1O-GL0PquqJwQ)
+- [@article@How can I see the differences between two branches?](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/9834689/how-can-i-see-the-differences-between-two-branches)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/between-commits@Rwpeltygwzcf6hnuZNURE.md b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/between-commits@Rwpeltygwzcf6hnuZNURE.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..17778b7a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/between-commits@Rwpeltygwzcf6hnuZNURE.md
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# Between Commits
+
+To compare two specific commits in your Git history, use git diff followed by the hashes of the commits. This will show you the changes made between those two points, including added, modified, and deleted lines.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@article@Comparing changes with Git diff](https://refine.dev/blog/git-diff-command/)
+- [@video@Git Diff 2 Different Commits, Tags or Branches](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uq5VWPDCtFo)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/branch-naming@ks1Pip-RM-UWD6zuF2j4n.md b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/branch-naming@ks1Pip-RM-UWD6zuF2j4n.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4ba9e5638
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/branch-naming@ks1Pip-RM-UWD6zuF2j4n.md
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# Branch Naming
+
+A well-defined branch naming convention is essential for maintaining a clean and organized Git workflow. It's recommended to use descriptive and meaningful names that clearly indicate the purpose of each branch. For example, using prefixes like `feature/`, `fix/`, or `docs/` can help identify whether a branch is related to new feature development, bug fixes, or documentation updates. Additionally, including the issue or task ID (e.g., `issue/123`) can provide context and make it easier for team members to find relevant information. By following a consistent naming convention, you can improve collaboration, reduce confusion, and increase the overall efficiency of your Git workflow.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@article@Naming conventions for Git Branches — a Cheatsheet](https://medium.com/@abhay.pixolo/naming-conventions-for-git-branches-a-cheatsheet-8549feca2534)
+- [@article@Git Branching Naming Convention: Best Practices to Follow](https://phoenixnap.com/kb/git-branch-name-convention)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/branching-basics@bXfCUG3h1TIFPgD4WUDph.md b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/branching-basics@bXfCUG3h1TIFPgD4WUDph.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d1fda79f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/branching-basics@bXfCUG3h1TIFPgD4WUDph.md
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# Branching Basics
+
+Branches in Git serve as separate lines of development that allow multiple features or changes to be worked on simultaneously without affecting the main codebase. With branches, you can create isolated environments for different tasks, collaborate with others, and manage complex workflows.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@Git Branching - Basic Branching and Merging](https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Git-Branching-Basic-Branching-and-Merging)
+- [@video@Git Branches Tutorial](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e2IbNHi4uCI)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/caching-dependencies@HMNhzzV6ApTKj4I_FOmUB.md b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/caching-dependencies@HMNhzzV6ApTKj4I_FOmUB.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3ba65d469
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/caching-dependencies@HMNhzzV6ApTKj4I_FOmUB.md
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+# Caching Dependencies
+
+GitHub Actions provides a caching feature that allows you to store and reuse dependencies between workflows, reducing the time it takes to run your actions. By caching dependencies, you can:
+- Reuse compiled code
+- Store database connections
+- Reduce network traffic
+
+It is highly recommended to not store any sensitive information in the cache. For example, sensitive information can include access tokens or login credentials stored in a file in the cache path.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@Caching dependencies to speed up workflows](https://docs.github.com/en/actions/writing-workflows/choosing-what-your-workflow-does/caching-dependencies-to-speed-up-workflows)
+- [@video@Cache Management with GitHub actions](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7PVUjRXUY0o)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/campus-program@B1KiSOt2b8t8FYD7Jxw2A.md b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/campus-program@B1KiSOt2b8t8FYD7Jxw2A.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c7e9610cc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/campus-program@B1KiSOt2b8t8FYD7Jxw2A.md
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# Campus Program
+
+The GitHub Campus Program offers GitHub Enterprise Cloud and GitHub Enterprise Server free-of-charge for schools that want to make the most of GitHub for their community. This program provides access to a comprehensive set of developer tools, as well as resources and support to help students and educators build projects, collaborate, and develop skills in software development.
+
+Visit the following resource to learn more:
+
+- [@official@About GitHub Campus Program](https://docs.github.com/en/education/explore-the-benefits-of-teaching-and-learning-with-github-education/use-github-at-your-educational-institution/about-github-campus-program)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/checkout-branch@PtRo-wGiNAagZ6CykfvMr.md b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/checkout-branch@PtRo-wGiNAagZ6CykfvMr.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9272fd458
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/checkout-branch@PtRo-wGiNAagZ6CykfvMr.md
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+# Checkout Branch
+
+In Git, to "checkout" from a branch means to switch your working directory to that branch, making it the active branch. This updates your files to match the state of that branch and allows you to work on it.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@git-checkout](https://git-scm.com/docs/git-checkout)
+- [@article@git-commands-checkout](https://www.git-tower.com/learn/git/commands/git-checkout)
+- [@video@Git Checkout. Different ways of using the checkout command in the Git Project](https://youtu.be/h_PIHOFUYuw?si=tebKCCb5U3ues0Io)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/checkout-tags@62E1tDMXB6K74OEN0WsS0.md b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/checkout-tags@62E1tDMXB6K74OEN0WsS0.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fbabdf30a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/checkout-tags@62E1tDMXB6K74OEN0WsS0.md
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+# Checkout Tags
+
+Tags in Git are typically used to mark specific points in history, such as a release version. Checking out a tag means switching your working directory to the state of the repository at the point in time when that tag was created.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@article@How To Checkout Git Tags](https://devconnected.com/how-to-checkout-git-tags/)
+- [@article@What is git tag, How to create tags & How to checkout git remote tag(s)](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/35979642/what-is-git-tag-how-to-create-tags-how-to-checkout-git-remote-tags)
+- [@video@Git Tag Tutorial | Create, Checkout, and Delete Git Tags | Learn Git](https://youtu.be/spkUevg1NqM?si=UXRwJEOI6bpN30nM)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/cherry-picking-commits@eFf2fesrs-1aVM5tH3ORQ.md b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/cherry-picking-commits@eFf2fesrs-1aVM5tH3ORQ.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..08a46604b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/cherry-picking-commits@eFf2fesrs-1aVM5tH3ORQ.md
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+# Cherry Picking Commits
+
+Cherry-picking in Git allows you to apply a specific commit from one branch to another, without merging the entire branch. This is useful when you want to bring in a specific feature or fix from one branch to another without incorporating all the changes from the source branch.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@git-cherry-pick-docs](https://git-scm.com/docs/git-cherry-pick)
+- [@article@Git cherry pick](https://www.atlassian.com/git/tutorials/cherry-pick)
+- [@video@Git-CHERRY-PICK-Tutorial](https://youtu.be/i657Bg_HAWI?si=3jjn2X8Hi1na--F4)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/citation-files@Ddkss13_qDJTquDHbVTVs.md b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/citation-files@Ddkss13_qDJTquDHbVTVs.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f4d5d1cff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/citation-files@Ddkss13_qDJTquDHbVTVs.md
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# CITATION files
+
+You can add a CITATION.cff file to the root of a repository to let others know how you would like them to cite your work. The citation file format is plain text with human- and machine-readable citation information.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@CITATION Files Documentation](https://docs.github.com/en/repositories/managing-your-repositorys-settings-and-features/customizing-your-repository/about-citation-files)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/clean-git-history@i3AbARgzQtxtlB-1AS8zv.md b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/clean-git-history@i3AbARgzQtxtlB-1AS8zv.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b86ebfda3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/clean-git-history@i3AbARgzQtxtlB-1AS8zv.md
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+# Clean Git History
+
+Cleaning up Git history can make your commit history more readable, concise, and organized. Here are some of the reasons why you'd want to clean your git history: 
+
+- makes it easy to decipher the order of the commits in your repository
+- It facilitates finding commits that might have introduced bugs and enable rollback if necessary
+- To be able to deploy any commit on your development branch using your CI/CD system
+- If you are handling mobile app releases and you are responsible for figuring out what feature is in which release.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@article@Clean GIT history — a Step by Step Guide](https://medium.com/@catalinaturlea/clean-git-history-a-step-by-step-guide-eefc0ad8696d)
+- [@video@Git best practice tip: clean commit history](https://youtu.be/bZpiVijzd2g?si=8lJTlR3LfY9ZUd77)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/client-vs-server-hooks@zsU6R2zvJKnYNU2ac4o4p.md b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/client-vs-server-hooks@zsU6R2zvJKnYNU2ac4o4p.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..802ed0063
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/client-vs-server-hooks@zsU6R2zvJKnYNU2ac4o4p.md
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+# Client vs Server Hooks
+
+Like many other Version Control Systems, Git has a way to fire off custom scripts when certain important actions occur. There are two groups of these hooks: client-side and server-side. Client-side hooks are triggered by operations such as committing and merging, while server-side hooks run on network operations such as receiving pushed commits.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@Git Hooks](https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Customizing-Git-Git-Hooks#:~:text=There%20are%20two%20groups%20of,for%20all%20sorts%20of%20reasons.)
+- [@article@Git Hooks: The Powerful Tool You're Probably Not Using](https://dev.to/algodame/git-hooks-the-powerful-tool-youre-probably-not-using-but-should-be-1lec)
+- [@video@Client vs Server Hooks](https://youtu.be/egfuwOe8nXc?si=IkbLCr-3eGE9x6cY)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/cloning-repositories@1Koej79yTv-OAswVZwgGq.md b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/cloning-repositories@1Koej79yTv-OAswVZwgGq.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cbb82058e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/cloning-repositories@1Koej79yTv-OAswVZwgGq.md
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+# Cloning Repositories
+Cloning a repository in Git and GitHub involves creating a local copy of a remote repository on your computer. This allows you to work on the project locally, commit changes, and later push those changes back to the remote repository.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@Git clone](https://git-scm.com/docs/git-clone/en)
+- [@official@Cloning a repository](https://docs.github.com/en/repositories/creating-and-managing-repositories/cloning-a-repository)
+- [@article@Clone a git respository](https://www.atlassian.com/git/tutorials/setting-up-a-repository/git-clone)
+- [@video@Cloning remote respository into local machine](https://youtu.be/xeQih8LVtZM?si=djlyTDpLNS0oyqQH)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/code-reviews@xLB2fhsOm0Vu3xg_PusJB.md b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/code-reviews@xLB2fhsOm0Vu3xg_PusJB.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f5ba875a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/code-reviews@xLB2fhsOm0Vu3xg_PusJB.md
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+# Code Reviews
+
+The purpose of a code review in software development is to help ensure that the code meets the organization’s standards and requirements, is of high quality, and is maintainable. In addition to identifying errors and bugs, code reviews also promote a culture of learning and collaboration among the development team.
+
+Some of the benefits of code reviews include:
+- Increase code quality by identifying defects in the code and issues such as security vulnerabilities and performance problems—before developers merge the code into an upstream branch.
+- Ensure compliance with organizational standards, regulations, and the team’s code style.
+- Save time and money by detecting issues earlier in the software development process before they become more complex and expensive to fix.
+- Boost collaboration, communication, and knowledge sharing among developers by providing a forum to discuss code and ask questions, share ideas and best practices, and learn from each other.
+- Ensure that the code is maintainable by identifying any software maintenance issues and suggesting improvements.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@article@A practical guide for better, faster code reviews](https://github.com/mawrkus/pull-request-review-guide)
+- [@article@How to improve code with code reviews](https://github.com/resources/articles/software-development/how-to-improve-code-with-code-reviews)
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/collaboration-on-github@d_GNnB6PBINz1jxGNWAE-.md b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/collaboration-on-github@d_GNnB6PBINz1jxGNWAE-.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..515370dcf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/collaboration-on-github@d_GNnB6PBINz1jxGNWAE-.md
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+# Collaboration on GitHub
+
+Collaboration on GitHub is a powerful way for multiple people to work together on the same project, using Git as the version control system. GitHub provides various tools and workflows that make collaboration efficient and organized.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@How to collaborate in a GitHub project](https://gist.github.com/neklaf/9002d3acccf6b6e448db5c4c4e8764c0)
+- [@article@Best Practices for collaborating in github](https://www.gitkraken.com/blog/collaborate-on-github)
+- [@article@Working with GitHub in VS Code](https://code.visualstudio.com/docs/sourcecontrol/github)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/collaboration@bXfCUG3h1TIFPgD4WUDph.md b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/collaboration@bXfCUG3h1TIFPgD4WUDph.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..08a2b5fea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/collaboration@bXfCUG3h1TIFPgD4WUDph.md
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+# Collaboration
+
+When working on projects with others, Git provides tools to facilitate collaboration through forking repositories using `git clone` or `git fork`, cloning them locally with git clone, managing pull requests with `git request-pull`, and resolving merge conflicts. To contribute effectively, follow established contributing guides and respect open-source licences that govern how contributors' work may be used by others.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@article@Git Fork and Git Clone: The difference and why it's important!](https://dev.to/danielasaboro/git-fork-and-clone-whats-the-difference-190c)
+- [@article@About pull requests](https://docs.github.com/en/pull-requests/collaborating-with-pull-requests/proposing-changes-to-your-work-with-pull-requests/about-pull-requests)
+- [@article@About merge conflicts](https://docs.github.com/en/pull-requests/collaborating-with-pull-requests/addressing-merge-conflicts/about-merge-conflicts)
+- [@article@Setting guidelines for repository contributors](https://docs.github.com/en/communities/setting-up-your-project-for-healthy-contributions/setting-guidelines-for-repository-contributors)
+- [@video@Git Fork vs Git Clone (Animated)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rxh6MhK6Tbs)
+- [@video@The EXTREMELY helpful guide to merge conflicts](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HosPml1qkrg)
+- [@video@Free and Open Source software licenses explained](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UMIG4KnM8xw)
+- [@official@OSI Approved Licenses](https://opensource.org/licenses)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/collaborators--members@_ft-uvXt6s_xrcMT3fbSF.md b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/collaborators--members@_ft-uvXt6s_xrcMT3fbSF.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..21c18b27c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/collaborators--members@_ft-uvXt6s_xrcMT3fbSF.md
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# Collaborators / Members
+
+In GitHub, collaborators and members refer to individuals who contribute to or have access to your repository. Collaborators are users who have been granted permission to contribute code, make changes, and push updates to your repository, whereas members are the owners of a repository, including organization owners who have full control over their team's repositories. Members can be either individual collaborators or part of an organization team, with varying levels of access and permissions based on their role within the team.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@article@Inviting collaborators to a personal repository](https://docs.github.com/en/account-and-profile/setting-up-and-managing-your-personal-account-on-github/managing-access-to-your-personal-repositories/inviting-collaborators-to-a-personal-repository)
+- [@official@REST API endpoints for collaborators](https://docs.github.com/en/rest/collaborators/collaborators?apiVersion=2022-11-28)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/collaborators@r-u1vTpUyuvsB0revOU0C.md b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/collaborators@r-u1vTpUyuvsB0revOU0C.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6bd5812e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/collaborators@r-u1vTpUyuvsB0revOU0C.md
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# Collaborators
+
+Collaborators in GitHub are users who have been granted direct access to a repository by the repository owner or organization administrators. Collaborators can perform actions like pushing commits, creating branches, and managing issues or pull requests, depending on the permissions granted to them. They are typically added to private repositories or to public repositories where more control over contributions is needed.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@How to add collaborators to your personal projects](https://docs.github.com/en/account-and-profile/setting-up-and-managing-your-personal-account-on-github/managing-access-to-your-personal-repositories/inviting-collaborators-to-a-personal-repository)
+- [@official@Adding outside collaborators to repositories in your organization](https://docs.github.com/en/organizations/managing-user-access-to-your-organizations-repositories/managing-outside-collaborators/adding-outside-collaborators-to-repositories-in-your-organization)
+- [@article@What are github collaborators](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/what-are-github-collaborators/)
+- [@article@How to Add Collaborators to Your GitHub Repository](https://www.blinkops.com/blog/how-to-add-collaborators-to-your-github-repository)
+- [@video@Using Github for Team collaboration](https://youtu.be/4nyIS58ORWw?si=yK5LCONNVm9OIUK5)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/commit-messages@7lRUYWNSpHvJ-QyIE8RMa.md b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/commit-messages@7lRUYWNSpHvJ-QyIE8RMa.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..871521c79
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/commit-messages@7lRUYWNSpHvJ-QyIE8RMa.md
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# Commit Messages
+
+A Git commit message is a brief explanation of the changes introduced in a particular commit. It helps others (and your future self) understand the purpose of the changes and the context behind them. Writing clear and informative commit messages is an important practice for maintaining a well-organized and easily navigable project history.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@article@How to Write Better Git Commit Messages](https://www.freecodecamp.org/news/how-to-write-better-git-commit-messages/)
+- [@article@Writing good commit messages](https://www.theodinproject.com/lessons/foundations-commit-messages)
+- [@article@How to Write Good Git Commit Messages like a pro](https://medium.com/front-end-weekly/how-to-write-good-git-commit-messages-like-a-pro-2c12f01569d9)
+- [@video@Write git commit messages like a PRO with Conventional Commits](https://youtu.be/OJqUWvmf4gg?si=Fgl3isZpP13jYXHP)
+- [@video@How to Make Actually Good Commits in Git](https://youtu.be/Dy5t_H2PRrk?si=0V-JEbqphpJX5OLl)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/commit-msg@jzYjHx-gIKSP8dQUTqWVw.md b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/commit-msg@jzYjHx-gIKSP8dQUTqWVw.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6c9ccf16d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/commit-msg@jzYjHx-gIKSP8dQUTqWVw.md
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# commit-msg
+
+The commit-msg hook is a client-side hook that runs after you've committed changes to your repository. It's typically used to validate or modify the commit message before it's recorded in the Git history.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@article@A Git-Hook for Commit Messages Validation - No Husky, Just JS](https://dev.to/mbarzeev/a-git-hook-for-commit-messages-validation-no-husky-just-js-1hni)
+- [@video@Git Hooks Made Easy: Create a Custom 'commit-msg' Hook Script](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yH1lBm5t97s)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/committing-changes@2_z3R7seCvQVj-Na4H1SV.md b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/committing-changes@2_z3R7seCvQVj-Na4H1SV.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4033a1991
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/committing-changes@2_z3R7seCvQVj-Na4H1SV.md
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# Committing Changes
+
+Committing changes in Git is a crucial part of version control, allowing you to save your progress and record a snapshot of your project's current state.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@How git commit works](https://github.com/git-guides/git-commit)
+- [@article@Git commit](https://www.atlassian.com/git/tutorials/saving-changes/git-commit)
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/contribution-guidelines@pJ-najh7dXhhYA_0bDiR5.md b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/contribution-guidelines@pJ-najh7dXhhYA_0bDiR5.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..20d77b3e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/contribution-guidelines@pJ-najh7dXhhYA_0bDiR5.md
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+# Contribution Guidelines
+
+Contribution guidelines are essential for collaborative projects on GitHub as they help streamline collaboration, set expectations for contributions, and maintain the project's quality and consistency. 
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@Setting guidelines for respository contributors](https://docs.github.com/articles/setting-guidelines-for-repository-contributors)
+- [@official@Contributing Guidelines](https://github.blog/news-insights/contributing-guidelines/)
+- [@official@Contributing Guides: A Template](https://github.com/nayafia/contributing-template)
+- [@article@How to Build a CONTRIBUTING.md](https://mozillascience.github.io/working-open-workshop/contributing/)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/creating-account@i7fIIHcBEk473te8bniJ5.md b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/creating-account@i7fIIHcBEk473te8bniJ5.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..24cb75609
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/creating-account@i7fIIHcBEk473te8bniJ5.md
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# Creating Account
+
+To get started with GitHub, you'll need to create a free personal account on GitHub.com and verify your email address. Every person who uses GitHub.com signs in to a personal account. Your personal account is your identity on GitHub.com and has a username and profile.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@Creating an account on GitHub](https://docs.github.com/en/get-started/start-your-journey/creating-an-account-on-github)
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/creating-apps@5Oax1p7zIZ9HD2hmENPof.md b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/creating-apps@5Oax1p7zIZ9HD2hmENPof.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f23843d51
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/creating-apps@5Oax1p7zIZ9HD2hmENPof.md
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# Creating Apps
+
+GitHub Apps are a way to integrate with the GitHub platform programmatically, using either the REST API or GraphQL API. They allow developers to create custom integrations that can automate tasks, provide real-time notifications, and build custom workflows.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@Creating GitHub Apps](https://docs.github.com/en/apps/creating-github-apps)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/creating-branch@OegitQ5Ngjvd3ZfMpfrkM.md b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/creating-branch@OegitQ5Ngjvd3ZfMpfrkM.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..61e19c5c7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/creating-branch@OegitQ5Ngjvd3ZfMpfrkM.md
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# Creating Branch
+
+Creating a branch in Git is a fundamental part of working with version control, allowing you to work on different features or fixes without affecting the main codebase. You can create branches either through the terminal or github interface
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@Git branch documentation](https://git-scm.com/docs/git-branch)
+- [@article@Git branch](https://www.atlassian.com/git/tutorials/using-branches)
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/creating-repositories@c_FO6xMixrrMo6iisfsvl.md b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/creating-repositories@c_FO6xMixrrMo6iisfsvl.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ed9f24690
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/creating-repositories@c_FO6xMixrrMo6iisfsvl.md
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# Creating Repositories
+
+Creating a Git repository means setting up a system to track changes in your project's files over time. This is crucial for version control, allowing you to manage, review, and collaborate on code efficiently. 
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@Quickstart for repositories - GitHub Docs](https://docs.github.com/en/repositories/creating-and-managing-repositories/quickstart-for-repositories)
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/custom-domains@VdoxEWaU56-QCbHFRw649.md b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/custom-domains@VdoxEWaU56-QCbHFRw649.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..dfb5ad74d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/custom-domains@VdoxEWaU56-QCbHFRw649.md
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# Custom Domains
+
+On GitHub Pages, users can customize their site's URL by connecting a custom domain to their repository. This feature allows users to use their own domain name instead of the default GitHub.io subdomain, giving their site a more professional and personalized look.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@Configuring a custom domain for your GitHub Pages site](https://docs.github.com/en/pages/configuring-a-custom-domain-for-your-github-pages-site)
+- [@video@How to Host a Website on GitHub Pages Free (Custom Domain Setup Included)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e5AwNU3Y2es&t=156s)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/deleting-branch@1uDenoQ6zu7CT69FR2iQB.md b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/deleting-branch@1uDenoQ6zu7CT69FR2iQB.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3cf1eeced
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/deleting-branch@1uDenoQ6zu7CT69FR2iQB.md
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# Deleting Branch
+
+Deleting a Git branch means removing a line of development from your Git repository. A branch in Git is essentially a pointer to a specific commit, representing an independent line of development. When you delete a branch, you’re removing this pointer, making that line of development no longer accessible through the branch name.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@Creating and deleting branches within your repository](https://docs.github.com/articles/creating-and-deleting-branches-within-your-repository)
+- [@article@How to Delete a Git Branch Both Locally and Remotely](https://www.freecodecamp.org/news/how-to-delete-a-git-branch-both-locally-and-remotely/)
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/deploying-static-websites@ZHplGidvhxEIC3HN8KqRa.md b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/deploying-static-websites@ZHplGidvhxEIC3HN8KqRa.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0cf6fad2f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/deploying-static-websites@ZHplGidvhxEIC3HN8KqRa.md
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# Deploying Static Websites
+
+Deploying static websites on GitHub Pages involves uploading and serving website content that is generated beforehand, without dynamic functionality. This approach allows for fast deployment, low maintenance, and improved security.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@arcticle@How to Deploy a Static Website for Free Using Github Pages](https://medium.com/flycode/how-to-deploy-a-static-website-for-free-using-github-pages-8eddc194853b)
+- [@video@How to Host a Website on GitHub Pages Free (Custom Domain Setup Included)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e5AwNU3Y2es)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/detached-head@0cLf7FiI9CX--UX45sm2f.md b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/detached-head@0cLf7FiI9CX--UX45sm2f.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d2effa1fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/detached-head@0cLf7FiI9CX--UX45sm2f.md
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# Detached HEAD
+
+In Git, a detached head occurs when you check out a commit directly using its hash instead of a branch name. This leaves your repository's HEAD pointer pointing directly at that commit, rather than being linked to a specific branch. To view the history and changes made in a detached head, use `git log` or `git show`. If you want to see the differences between the current detached head and another branch, use `git diff <branch>`. A detached head can be a useful temporary state for exploring specific commits or features, but it's essential to merge those changes back into a branch before sharing them with others.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@article@How to resolve detached HEAD state in Git](https://graphite.dev/guides/how-to-resolve-detached-head-state-in-git)
+- [@video@Head & Detached Head](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HvDjbAa9ZsY)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/documentation@D2WIExwfSnkAPIa5O-Hp5.md b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/documentation@D2WIExwfSnkAPIa5O-Hp5.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1cc3b9e40
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/documentation@D2WIExwfSnkAPIa5O-Hp5.md
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+# Documentation
+
+A well-maintained repository should include documentation that helps others understand the project, its context, and how to contribute to it. This is essential for fostering a community around your project and making it easier for newcomers to join in.
+
+Here are some key sections of documentation that you should consider including in each repository:
+
+- README.md: A brief introduction to the project, explaining what it's about, why it exists, and how to get started.
+- CONTRIBUTING.md: Guidelines on how others can contribute to the project, including steps for reporting issues, submitting pull requests, or suggesting new features.
+- LICENSE: Information about the license under which the repository is released, ensuring users understand their rights and responsibilities when using your code.
+- CHANGELOG: A history of changes made to the project over time, highlighting significant updates, bug fixes, or feature additions.
+
+These documents help ensure a smooth onboarding process for contributors, making it easier for them to collaborate effectively and enhance the overall project.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@article@How to Manage Documentation in a GitHub Repository: A Guide for Junior Developers](https://dev.to/mochafreddo/how-to-manage-documentation-in-a-github-repository-a-guide-for-junior-developers-pgo)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/fast-forward-vs-non-ff@agtPWS8j6i6wQPk10cy8E.md b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/fast-forward-vs-non-ff@agtPWS8j6i6wQPk10cy8E.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..dc9e1a719
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/fast-forward-vs-non-ff@agtPWS8j6i6wQPk10cy8E.md
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+# Fast-Forward vs Non-FF
+
+In Git, when you merge branches, there are two primary types of merges: Fast-Forward and Non-Fast-Forward (No-FF). These terms describe how Git handles the history and pointers when merging branches. Understanding the difference between these two types of merges is crucial for managing your project's commit history effectively.
+
+A Fast-Forward merge occurs when the branch you are merging into (often main or master) has not diverged from the branch you are merging (often a feature branch). In other words, the commit history of the target branch is a strict subset of the branch being merged. In a Fast-Forward merge, Git simply moves the pointer of the target branch forward to the latest commit on the branch being merged.
+No new merge commit is created; the history is linear.
+
+A Non-Fast-Forward (No-FF) merge happens when the target branch has diverged from the branch being merged or when you explicitly choose to create a merge commit. In this case, Git creates a new commit that represents the merging of the two branches. Git creates a new merge commit that has two parent commits: one from the target branch and one from the branch being merged. The merge commit is a snapshot of the merged work, preserving the history of both branches.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@article@Git Fast-Forward VS Non-Fast-Forward](https://leimao.github.io/blog/Git-Fast-Forward-VS-Non-Fast-Forward/)
+- [@article@Git Merge: To Squash Or Fast-Forward?](https://dev.to/trpricesoftware/git-merge-to-squash-or-fast-forward-3791)
+- [@article@Difference between a git fast forward and no fast forward](https://gist.github.com/moraisaugusto/1fa02c49b6d9833fcdf665505595ac2e)
+- [@video@GIT Fast Forward Visualized](https://youtu.be/DN1fNYoJgDw?si=_TZKACj4SCOuESGm)
+- [@video@git merge no fast forward](https://youtu.be/X_8atqzsO8U?si=e9hMQg_aWLRMWf4O)
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/fetch-without-merge@Gybnekbd1rJKTOf4hJ4Sh.md b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/fetch-without-merge@Gybnekbd1rJKTOf4hJ4Sh.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3b6febd44
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/fetch-without-merge@Gybnekbd1rJKTOf4hJ4Sh.md
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+# Fetch without Merge
+
+Running `git fetch` retrieves changes from a remote repository into your local clone, but does not automatically merge any of these changes into your local working directory. This is different from `git pull`, which both fetches and merges remote changes. By using fetch without merge, you can ensure that your local clone is up-to-date with the latest information from the remote repository, while leaving your working directory unchanged. You can then choose to apply these changes by using merge or rebase. This approach helps maintain a clean and consistent local state, making it easier to manage and commit changes.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@Git Fetch](https://git-scm.com/docs/git-fetch)
+- [@article@Git fetch](https://www.atlassian.com/git/tutorials/syncing/git-fetch)
+- [@video@Git Fetch | What is Git Fetch and How to Use it | Learn Git](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uEEcw1s_wWk)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/forking-vs-cloning@l1Wf7Pe_ah8ycCgslfSK4.md b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/forking-vs-cloning@l1Wf7Pe_ah8ycCgslfSK4.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..89653cdc0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/forking-vs-cloning@l1Wf7Pe_ah8ycCgslfSK4.md
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+# Forking vs Cloning
+
+Forking and cloning are two fundamental concepts in Git, particularly when working with repositories hosted on platforms like GitHub, GitLab, or Bitbucket. While both actions involve copying a repository, they serve different purposes and have distinct workflows.
+Cloning a repository means creating a local copy of a repository that exists on a remote server (e.g., GitHub) on your local machine. This allows you to work on the project locally, make changes, and then push those changes back to the remote repository if you have the necessary permissions.
+Forking a repository is specific to platforms like GitHub, GitLab, and Bitbucket. When you fork a repository, you create a copy of someone else’s repository in your own account. This forked repository is independent of the original and can be modified without affecting the original project.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@The difference between forking and cloning a repository](https://github.com/orgs/community/discussions/35849)
+- [@article@Git fork vs. clone: What's the difference?](https://www.theserverside.com/answer/Git-fork-vs-clone-Whats-the-difference)
+- [@video@Git Fork vs. Git Clone: What's the Difference?](https://youtu.be/6YQxkxw8nhE?si=mJNvcaB4lQccsU57)
+- [@video@GitHub Forking vs Cloning: Key Differences Explained](https://youtu.be/yQSjqYs2UBE?si=3BKYtWmkLIMWvA6G)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/git-attributes@CGj_UX5JMOOCKinedsNRc.md b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/git-attributes@CGj_UX5JMOOCKinedsNRc.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..dff5a664a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/git-attributes@CGj_UX5JMOOCKinedsNRc.md
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+# Git Attributes
+
+Git attributes are settings stored in the .gitattributes file, controlling how Git handles files in your repository. They can influence filtering (e.g., ignoring specific files), conversion (formatting or transforming files during Git operations), and formatting (applying consistent styles). These settings can be applied to specific file types (like *.txt) or filter files based on content patterns. Attributes also define smudge patterns (highlighting differences) and ignore patterns, helping maintain a clean repository by automatically applying intended settings for certain file types.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@Customizing Git - Git Attributes](https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Customizing-Git-Git-Attributes)
+- [@opensource@gitattributes/gitattributes](https://github.com/gitattributes/gitattributes)
+- [@article@The benefits of git attributes and how to set them up](https://medium.com/@cloudwala/the-benefits-of-git-attributes-and-how-to-set-them-up-87f90251b8e0)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/git-bisect@ExXuwTQSI_lg4SRGW3Iu1.md b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/git-bisect@ExXuwTQSI_lg4SRGW3Iu1.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..dd6822aa0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/git-bisect@ExXuwTQSI_lg4SRGW3Iu1.md
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+# Git Bisect
+
+Git Bisect is an interactive tool used to identify which commit in your project's history introduced a bug or regression. You start by identifying two commits: one where the issue isn't present (the "good" commit) and another where it is (the "bad" commit). Then, run `git bisect start`, followed by `git bisect good` for the good commit and `git bisect bad` for the bad commit. Git Bisect will guide you through a binary search process, asking you to test the midpoint of your current range until it identifies the exact commit that introduced the bug or regression.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@Git Bisect](https://git-scm.com/docs/git-bisect)
+- [@article@Using `git bisect` to find the faulty commit](https://dev.to/alvesjessica/using-git-bisect-to-find-the-faulty-commit-25gf)
+- [@video@Git Bisect | How to use Git Bisect | Learn Git](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z-AkSXDqodc)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/git-commit---amend@NjPnEXLf1Lt9qzgxccogv.md b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/git-commit---amend@NjPnEXLf1Lt9qzgxccogv.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b94e35637
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/git-commit---amend@NjPnEXLf1Lt9qzgxccogv.md
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+# git commit --amend
+
+`git commit --amend` is a command used to modify the most recent commit in your repository's history by updating its message, adding or removing files, or changing the commit's metadata. This allows you to correct mistakes or improve the commit's description after it has been made. When using --amend, Git will replace the existing commit with a new one that includes any changes made since the last commit, effectively "amending" the previous commit.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@article@Changing a commit message](https://docs.github.com/en/enterprise-cloud@latest/pull-requests/committing-changes-to-your-project/creating-and-editing-commits/changing-a-commit-message)
+- [@article@Rewriting history](https://www.atlassian.com/git/tutorials/rewriting-history)
+- [@video@Git Amend Tutorial: Rewrite Git History](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q53umU5vMkk)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/git-config@NMCWgzhhfUvFOMO5GbF_u.md b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/git-config@NMCWgzhhfUvFOMO5GbF_u.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..947defbd2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/git-config@NMCWgzhhfUvFOMO5GbF_u.md
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+# git config
+
+The `git config` command is a convenience function that is used to set Git configuration values on a global or local project level. These configuration levels correspond to .gitconfig text files. Executing `git config` will modify a configuration text file.
+
+The most basic use case for `git config` is to invoke it with a configuration name, which will display the set value at that name. Configuration names are dot delimited strings composed of a 'section' and a 'key' based on their hierarchy. For example: `user.email`
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@Git - git-config Documentation](https://git-scm.com/docs/git-config)
+- [@article@git config | Atlassian Git Tutorial](https://www.atlassian.com/git/tutorials/setting-up-a-repository/git-config)
+- [@article@Setting your username in Git](https://docs.github.com/en/get-started/getting-started-with-git/setting-your-username-in-git)
+- [@article@Git config commands | Git tutorial](https://nulab.com/learn/software-development/git-tutorial/git-commands-settings/git-config-commands/)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/git-filter-branch@BKVA6Q7DXemAYjyQOA0nh.md b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/git-filter-branch@BKVA6Q7DXemAYjyQOA0nh.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1f22478ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/git-filter-branch@BKVA6Q7DXemAYjyQOA0nh.md
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+# git filter-branch
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/git-hooks@pqBV7BMAs0z6qpfZeW2XP.md b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/git-hooks@pqBV7BMAs0z6qpfZeW2XP.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8cdaf044d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/git-hooks@pqBV7BMAs0z6qpfZeW2XP.md
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+# Git hooks
+
+Git hooks are scripts that run automatically at specific points during the Git workflow, such as when you commit, push, or pull changes from a repository. These scripts can be used to perform various tasks, like validating code, formatting files, or even sending notifications.
+
+There are two types of Git hooks:
+
+- Client-side hooks: Run on your local machine before committing changes.
+- Server-side hooks: Run on the remote server when you push changes.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@Customizing Git - Git Hooks](https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Customizing-Git-Git-Hooks)
+- [@article@Git hooks](https://www.atlassian.com/git/tutorials/git-hooks)
+- [@video@What are GitHooks? Explained in 5 minutes](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1OFiiPretCM)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/git-init@1iOkbO5juk2LO-WZHx_W6.md b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/git-init@1iOkbO5juk2LO-WZHx_W6.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..76110da1b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/git-init@1iOkbO5juk2LO-WZHx_W6.md
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# git init
+
+The `git init` command creates a new Git repository. It can be used to convert an existing, unversioned project to a Git repository or initialize a new, empty repository. Most other Git commands are not available outside of an initialized repository, so this is usually the first command you'll run in a new project.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@Git - git-init Documentation](https://git-scm.com/docs/git-init)
+- [@article@git init | Atlassian Git Tutorial](https://www.atlassian.com/git/tutorials/setting-up-a-repository/git-init#:~:text=The%20git%20init%20command%20creates,run%20in%20a%20new%20project.)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/git-lfs@zdunaucVe8J1tKf_z-NQo.md b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/git-lfs@zdunaucVe8J1tKf_z-NQo.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8b91a7cb5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/git-lfs@zdunaucVe8J1tKf_z-NQo.md
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# Git LFS
+
+Git Large File Storage (LFS) is an extension that helps manage large files by tracking metadata, not storing entire files. It allows storing and tracking binary assets like images, videos, audio files separately from your regular Git repository. By storing only metadata in your Git repository, you improve clone and push times, reducing storage usage. This approach is particularly useful for media repositories, large dataset storage, and binary asset management in game development. Note that Git LFS requires a separate server or storage system to store actual file content.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@article@Learning About Git Large File System (LFS)](https://medium.com/swlh/learning-about-git-large-file-system-lfs-72e0c86cfbaf)
+- [@video@Git LFS (Large File Storage) | Learn Git](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jXsvFfksvd0)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/git-log-options@qFEonbCMLri8iA0yONwuf.md b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/git-log-options@qFEonbCMLri8iA0yONwuf.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..90ac1c45e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/git-log-options@qFEonbCMLri8iA0yONwuf.md
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+# git log options
+
+`git log` is a command in Git that shows the commit history of your repository. It provides a detailed view of all commits, including their hashes, authors, dates, and messages.
+
+Here are some common git log options:
+
+- `-2`: Only show the last two commits.
+- `--all`: Show all branches in the repository.
+- `--graph`: Display the commit history as a graph.
+- `--pretty`: Enable clean colorized output.
+- `--no-color`: Disable colorized output.
+- `--stat`: Show a statistical summary of changes.
+- `**-S`: Only show commits with modified files.
+
+You can combine these options to tailor your log output to suit your needs.
+
+For example, `git log -2 --graph` will display the last two commits in graph form.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@Git Log](https://git-scm.com/docs/git-log)
+- [@article@Git Log Cheatsheet](https://elijahmanor.com/blog/git-log)
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/git-patch@sFf1PdFfmEdQxsEntfeFq.md b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/git-patch@sFf1PdFfmEdQxsEntfeFq.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4f5de10e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/git-patch@sFf1PdFfmEdQxsEntfeFq.md
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# Git Patch
+
+In Git, a patch is a file that contains a set of changes made to a project's codebase. It's essentially a diff (difference) file that shows the modifications between two versions of a commit or a branch. However, despite its usefulness in certain contexts, the use of Git patches has declined somewhat with the advent of more modern and efficient ways to manage code changes.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@article@Git Patch](https://www.gitkraken.com/learn/git/git-patch)
+- [@article@How to generate and apply patches with git?](https://gist.github.com/nepsilon/22bc62a23f785716705c)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/git-push---force@OQOmxg9mCfcjt80hpvXkA.md b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/git-push---force@OQOmxg9mCfcjt80hpvXkA.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b901622de
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/git-push---force@OQOmxg9mCfcjt80hpvXkA.md
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# git push --force
+
+`git push --force` is a command that allows you to overwrite or "force" an existing commit on a remote repository with a new commit from your local repository. This can be useful in certain situations, such as when you need to update the remote branch with changes that were previously rejected or when you want to remove commits that are no longer relevant. However, it's essential to exercise caution when using git push --force because it can overwrite changes made by others or even your own previous work. Always verify that there are no conflicting changes on the remote repository before using this command.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@article@Git Push Force](https://www.gitkraken.com/learn/git/problems/git-push-force)
+- [@video@How to force push to GitHub?](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wgXbfLn-zkI)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/git-rebase@HMEfUFNu_Wp_Pac7VWHr-.md b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/git-rebase@HMEfUFNu_Wp_Pac7VWHr-.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1153f0838
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/git-rebase@HMEfUFNu_Wp_Pac7VWHr-.md
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+# git rebase
+
+Git rebase is a powerful command in Git that allows you to integrate changes from one branch into another. Unlike git merge, which creates a new commit to combine the histories of two branches, git rebase moves or applies commits from one branch on top of another, effectively re-writing the commit history.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@Git - git-rebase Documentation](https://git-scm.com/docs/git-rebase)
+- [@article@git rebase ](https://www.atlassian.com/git/tutorials/rewriting-history/git-rebase)
+- [@video@git rebase - Why, When &amp; How to fix conflicts](https://youtu.be/DkWDHzmMvyg?si=59jauQgkL-sMewzo)
+- [@video@Git Rebase --interactive: EXPLAINED](https://youtu.be/H7RFt0Pxxp8?si=gLhfkVW_PmWHBQSs)
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diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/git-reflog@hru0sL1-D4bJSQI1efEyU.md b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/git-reflog@hru0sL1-D4bJSQI1efEyU.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..075ee0680
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/git-reflog@hru0sL1-D4bJSQI1efEyU.md
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+# Git Reflog
+
+Git reflog is a powerful tool in Git that keeps a record of all the changes made to the branches and commits in your repository, including actions that are not part of the regular commit history, such as resetting branches or checking out commits. It's particularly useful for recovering lost commits or understanding the history of changes in your repository, even if those changes are not reflected in the normal commit history.Reflog stands for "reference log." It records when the tip of branches or other references (like HEAD) is updated in your repository.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@Git - git-reflog Documentation](https://git-scm.com/docs/git-reflog)
+- [@article@What is the Git Reflog? | Learn Version Control with Git](https://www.git-tower.com/learn/git/faq/what-is-git-reflog)
+- [@video@Learn Git Essentials 12: Git Reflog](https://youtu.be/RVu8lpS7JFY?si=eNGBpsYfHtlyPClj)
+- [@video@Git Reflog Command. Get all log details of the reference using git reflog show command](https://youtu.be/I4f4pddD16g?si=0Ny7xOJgiPgdfuh6)
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diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/git-remotes@aWx9WHUrgofcTr8B-fQYe.md b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/git-remotes@aWx9WHUrgofcTr8B-fQYe.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6895d8362
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/git-remotes@aWx9WHUrgofcTr8B-fQYe.md
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# Git Remotes
+
+In Git, a remote is a reference to a repository that exists on another server or system. Remotes allow you to access and interact with a copy of your repository that is stored elsewhere, making it possible to collaborate with others, share your work, and maintain multiple copies of your repository for backup and disaster recovery purposes. When you add a remote to your local repository, Git creates a reference to the remote repository, enabling you to push changes from your local repository to the remote one, pull changes from the remote to your local one, or fetch changes from the remote without updating your local copy. This enables distributed development and helps maintain a centralized version of your project's history, making it easier to track changes, manage conflicts, and ensure that everyone has access to the most up-to-date code.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@article@About remote repositories](https://docs.github.com/en/get-started/getting-started-with-git/about-remote-repositories)
+- [@video@What is a Remote Repository? [Beginner Git Tutorial]](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lb4yvfrX_7I)
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diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/git-reset@igrR7LguU1jemg_mf_AD6.md b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/git-reset@igrR7LguU1jemg_mf_AD6.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8db3f100f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/git-reset@igrR7LguU1jemg_mf_AD6.md
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# git reset
+
+Git reset is a command that allows you to "undo" or reset your current branch to a previous state by moving its HEAD pointer, effectively discarding changes made since then. When using git reset, it's essential to specify one of the three modes: soft, hard, or mixed. The mode you choose will determine how Git interacts with files in your working directory and staging area.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@article@Git reset](https://www.atlassian.com/git/tutorials/undoing-changes/git-reset)
+- [@video@Git Reset | How to Use Git Reset | Learn Git](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s1idhUiCk38)
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diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/git-revert@dLr55Om7IOvI53c1DgTKc.md b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/git-revert@dLr55Om7IOvI53c1DgTKc.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..38f39e8e4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/git-revert@dLr55Om7IOvI53c1DgTKc.md
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+# git revert
+
+Git revert is a command that allows you to "undo" or revert specific commits in your Git repository. It creates a new commit that reverses the changes made by the specified commit(s), effectively rolling back your code to a previous state.
+
+Here are some key things to know about `git revert`:
+
+- Reverts changes, not moves HEAD: Unlike `git reset`, which can move your current branch's head to a different point in history, `git revert` creates new commits that reverse the changes made by specific commit(s).
+- Creates new commits: Each time you use `git revert`, it creates a new commit that undoes the specified change. This means your Git history will still contain all previous commits.
+- Can be used with multiple commits: If you want to revert multiple commits, simply specify their hashes or references (e.g., branch names) separated by commas.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@article@Git Revert](https://medium.com/@meghasharmaa704/git-revert-84727b543c17)
+- [@video@Git Revert - Visualised](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XJqQPNudPSY)
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diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/git-stash-basics@X9K3PBpGsMoXkJsKdJPI7.md b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/git-stash-basics@X9K3PBpGsMoXkJsKdJPI7.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e9561ebfb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/git-stash-basics@X9K3PBpGsMoXkJsKdJPI7.md
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+# Git Stash Basics
+
+Git stash allows you to temporarily save your changes, or "stashes", when they're not yet ready for commit. This feature is useful when you need to work on multiple tasks, and want to switch between them without committing changes that are not complete. By using `git stash`, you can quickly stash uncommitted changes, reset the working directory to a clean state, and then apply the stashed changes later when they're ready for commit. This helps avoid cluttering the commit history with incomplete work, and allows you to maintain a clean and organized repository by separating your progress on different tasks.
+
+To apply a stash in Git, you can use the following commands:
+
+- `git stash apply`: This command applies the topmost stash (the most recent one) by default. It will merge the stashed changes into your current working directory.
+- `git stash apply <stash_name>`: If you want to specify a particular stash, you can use its name instead of default. For example, if you've stored multiple stashes and want to apply an earlier one, you can use <stash_name>.
+- `git stash pop`: This command is similar to apply, but it also automatically deletes the applied stash from the stash list. If you need more control over which stash to apply, using pop might be a better option.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@article@Git stash](https://www.atlassian.com/git/tutorials/saving-changes/git-stash)
+- [@article@A practical guide to using the git stash command](https://opensource.com/article/21/4/git-stash)
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diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/git-vs-other-vcs@_jSTrYN9G8EsGHkbusKPU.md b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/git-vs-other-vcs@_jSTrYN9G8EsGHkbusKPU.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..79b1ab817
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/git-vs-other-vcs@_jSTrYN9G8EsGHkbusKPU.md
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+# Git vs Other VCS
+
+Git has become the de facto standard for source control in software development, but it's not the only version control system (VCS) available. Here are some key differences between Git and other popular VCS:
+
+- Mercurial: Mercurial is a distributed VCS that uses a similar architecture to Git. However, it has a more centralized approach and doesn't use hashes for tracking changes.
+- Subversion: Subversion is a centralized VCS that's often compared to Git. While both systems support branching and merging, Subversion requires a central server to manage the repository.
+- Perforce: Perforce is a commercial VCS that's designed for large-scale development projects. It uses a centralized approach and has features like build automation and issue tracking.
+- CVS: CVS is an older version control system that's still in use today. However, it lacks many modern features and is often considered outdated.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@article@Git vs. Other VCS: A Comparative Analysis](https://medium.com/@pascalchinedu2000/git-vs-other-vcs-a-comparative-analysis-5cb03ad58e0e)
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diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/git-worktree@4dxVN81rXWn6VZqK99yq0.md b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/git-worktree@4dxVN81rXWn6VZqK99yq0.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b3d220880
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/git-worktree@4dxVN81rXWn6VZqK99yq0.md
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# Git Worktree
+
+A Git worktree allows you to create multiple working directories for a single repository, each with its own checkout and index. Unlike a regular checkout, which creates a new working directory for a specific branch and updates your IDE's configuration settings, a Git worktree does not require you to switch between branches using git checkout. This means you can have multiple branches checked out at the same time without affecting each other or requiring changes to your IDE configurations. By creating a separate worktree for each branch, you can stage changes independently and maintain distinct working directories without impacting the main repository or its working directory.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@article@Git Worktree](https://www.gitkraken.com/learn/git/git-worktree)
+- [@video@Manage Branches easily using Git Worktree](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cRunWRC8ye0)
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diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/github-actions@AmetdCURXXob5TUsikAab.md b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/github-actions@AmetdCURXXob5TUsikAab.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..08434a058
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/github-actions@AmetdCURXXob5TUsikAab.md
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+# GitHub Actions
+
+GitHub Actions is a very useful tool for automation, allowing developers to automate tasks within the software development lifecycle directly on GitHub.
+
+One of the best ways to learn about GitHub Actions is through the course offered by Microsoft Learn. This course is well-structured and provides practical examples that are concise and easy to understand.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@course@Microsoft Learn: Introduction to GitHub Actions](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/collections/n5p4a5z7keznp5)
+- [@course@YouTube: GitHub Actions Playlist](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-hVG9z0fCac&list=PLArH6NjfKsUhvGHrpag7SuPumMzQRhUKY&pp=iAQB)
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diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/github-api@NV2HAXLEN7tskfgyFrbaf.md b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/github-api@NV2HAXLEN7tskfgyFrbaf.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..741ce88f5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/github-api@NV2HAXLEN7tskfgyFrbaf.md
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# GitHub API
+
+The GitHub API is a powerful tool that allows developers to interact with the GitHub platform programmatically. It provides access to various GitHub features, such as user data, repository information, and commit history, through both REST and GraphQL interfaces. The API supports authentication, implements rate limiting, and offers webhooks for real-time notifications, enabling developers to automate tasks, create custom integrations, and build applications that leverage GitHub's functionality.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@official API Docs](https://docs.github.com/en/rest?apiVersion=2022-11-28)
+- [@article@Getting started](https://docs.github.com/en/rest/using-the-rest-api/getting-started-with-the-rest-api?apiVersion=2022-11-28)
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diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/github-apps@560GJXFTt7DPdJjKtSDOo.md b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/github-apps@560GJXFTt7DPdJjKtSDOo.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4b2b78a22
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/github-apps@560GJXFTt7DPdJjKtSDOo.md
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# GitHub Apps
+
+A GitHub App is a way to integrate with the GitHub platform programmatically, using either the REST API or GraphQL API. It allows developers to create custom integrations that can automate tasks, provide real-time notifications, and build custom workflows.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@GitHub Apps Documentation](https://docs.github.com/en/apps)
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diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/github-classroom@Pg6G4fzYb_RUhANeRKlRX.md b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/github-classroom@Pg6G4fzYb_RUhANeRKlRX.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fdc836bb2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/github-classroom@Pg6G4fzYb_RUhANeRKlRX.md
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# GitHub Classroom
+
+GitHub Classroom is an integrated feature within GitHub that allows educators to create and assign homework assignments, projects, or quizzes directly to students. This feature streamlines the process of teaching and learning by making it easy for instructors to share code, provide feedback, and track student progress all in one place. By using GitHub Classroom, teachers can focus on high-level instruction and student engagement, while also promoting collaboration and hands-on learning experiences.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@About GitHub Classroom](https://docs.github.com/en/education/manage-coursework-with-github-classroom/get-started-with-github-classroom/about-github-classroom)
+- [@video@GitHub Classroom - Getting Started Guide](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xVVeqIDgCvM&list=PLIRjfNq867bewk3ZGV6Z7a16YDNRCpK3u)
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diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/github-cli@h9cf_dh_pwjialOXOlNW-.md b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/github-cli@h9cf_dh_pwjialOXOlNW-.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d92e7a6bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/github-cli@h9cf_dh_pwjialOXOlNW-.md
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# GitHub CLI
+
+GitHub CLI is a command-line interface tool that brings GitHub functionality to your terminal. It allows developers to interact with GitHub directly from the command line, enabling them to manage repositories, create issues, pull requests, and perform various GitHub operations without leaving their terminal environment. This powerful tool streamlines workflows, enhances productivity, and provides a seamless integration between local development and GitHub's collaborative features, making it easier for developers to incorporate GitHub into their daily coding routines.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@official GitHub CLI Docs](https://cli.github.com/)
+- [@video@What is the GitHub CLI?](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uy_PEGgUF4U)
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/github-codespaces@NdfwgwMOewiyEAFyC2l7U.md b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/github-codespaces@NdfwgwMOewiyEAFyC2l7U.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e61efe437
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/github-codespaces@NdfwgwMOewiyEAFyC2l7U.md
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# GitHub Codespaces
+
+GitHub Codespaces is a cloud-based development environment that allows developers to create, access, and use pre-configured, ready-to-use environments for coding. It provides a seamless way to develop, test, and debug applications in a virtual machine or container, eliminating the need for local setup and configuration. With GitHub Codespaces, users can spin up a new environment with their desired configuration, tools, and dependencies in just a few clicks. This feature streamlines development workflows, reduces friction, and increases productivity by providing instant access to a tailored coding environment for each project.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@GitHub Codespaces Overview](https://docs.github.com/en/codespaces/overview)
+- [@video@How to Deploy a GitHub Codespace](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_01iCF9sO1c)
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diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/github-copilot@iWn3zDMOfLLjSp6f1jQoE.md b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/github-copilot@iWn3zDMOfLLjSp6f1jQoE.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1c17238b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/github-copilot@iWn3zDMOfLLjSp6f1jQoE.md
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+# GitHub Copilot
+
+GitHub Copilot is an AI-powered code-completion tool that helps developers write code faster and with less errors. It uses a combination of machine learning algorithms and access to GitHub's vast repository of open-source code to provide context-aware suggestions for coding tasks. Copilot can generate entire functions, methods, or even entire classes based on the context of the code being written. This feature aims to reduce the time spent on coding by providing immediate and relevant suggestions, allowing developers to focus more on high-level design and problem-solving.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@Quickstart for GitHub Copilot](https://docs.github.com/en/copilot/quickstart)
+- [@video@Intro to GitHob Copilot in Visual Studio](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z1ycDvspv8U)
+- [@video@GitHub Copilot in VSCode: Top 10 Features Explained](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2nPoiUJpDaU)
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diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/github-discussions@snWQHCQECZyUXHdn6ppIk.md b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/github-discussions@snWQHCQECZyUXHdn6ppIk.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..733f9dd36
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/github-discussions@snWQHCQECZyUXHdn6ppIk.md
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# GitHub Discussions
+
+GitHub Discussions is a collaborative communication feature within GitHub repositories that provides a dedicated space for community conversations, questions, and knowledge sharing. It allows team members, contributors, and users to engage in threaded discussions, share ideas, ask for help, and make announcements outside of specific code changes or issues. This feature enhances project collaboration by centralizing important conversations, reducing noise in the issue tracker, and fostering a sense of community around open-source projects or team initiatives.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@video@What is GitHub Discussions?](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bErGYN3Ljz8)
+- [@official@official GitHub Discussions Docs](https://docs.github.com/en/discussions)
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diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/github-education@pFyMiyNQ16-kP7jKaKKEU.md b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/github-education@pFyMiyNQ16-kP7jKaKKEU.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..520c929f7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/github-education@pFyMiyNQ16-kP7jKaKKEU.md
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# GitHub Education
+
+GitHub Education is a program that provides free and discounted access to GitHub's developer tools, services, and resources for students, teachers, and researchers. This program aims to support education and research in software development, by making it easier for students and educators to learn, collaborate, and build projects on GitHub. By using GitHub Education, students can gain hands-on experience with real-world coding challenges, while educators can create a more engaging and interactive learning environment.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@official GitHub Education Docs](https://education.github.com/)
+- [@video@GitHub GitHub Education: free programs, technology, and opportunities available for Students](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HIVFdN9VGgw)
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diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/github-essentials@NeSvgS2yA5x8qbcJHrV__.md b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/github-essentials@NeSvgS2yA5x8qbcJHrV__.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b5cbab580
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/github-essentials@NeSvgS2yA5x8qbcJHrV__.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# GitHub Essentials
+
+GitHub Essentials refers to the core features and functionalities that form the foundation of GitHub's version control and collaboration platform. These essentials include repositories for storing and managing code, branches for parallel development, pull requests for code review and merging, issues for tracking tasks and bugs, and collaborative tools like project boards and wikis. Understanding and mastering these fundamental components allows developers to effectively manage their projects, collaborate with team members, and contribute to open-source initiatives, making GitHub an indispensable tool in modern software development workflows.
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diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/github-gists@M2_hBvXou7cCNqsMnexCt.md b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/github-gists@M2_hBvXou7cCNqsMnexCt.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..77bc688a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/github-gists@M2_hBvXou7cCNqsMnexCt.md
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# GitHub Gists
+
+A GitHub Gist is a small code or text snippet that can be shared with others. It is a simple way to share code, configuration files, or other snippets of text without creating a full-fledged repository. Gists are useful for sharing examples, demos, or tutorials, and they can also serve as a starting point for larger projects. Each gist has a unique URL that can be shared with others, allowing them to view and edit the content. Gists support various file types, including code files, text files, and even images. They also provide features like syntax highlighting, line numbers, and commit history.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@Creating gists](https://docs.github.com/en/get-started/writing-on-github/editing-and-sharing-content-with-gists/creating-gists)
+- [@official@REST API endpoints for gists](https://docs.github.com/en/rest/gists/gists?apiVersion=2022-11-28)
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diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/github-interface@qZFtRABvlBbVvsy6T00J2.md b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/github-interface@qZFtRABvlBbVvsy6T00J2.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..14b46849c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/github-interface@qZFtRABvlBbVvsy6T00J2.md
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# GitHub Interface
+
+The GitHub interface is a web-based platform that provides a user-friendly environment for managing and collaborating on software projects. It offers a comprehensive set of tools and features accessible through an intuitive layout, including repository management, code browsing, issue tracking, pull requests, and project boards. The interface is designed to streamline workflows, facilitate team communication, and enhance productivity for developers of all skill levels. With its clean and organized structure, users can easily navigate between different sections of their projects, review code changes, manage tasks, and interact with team members, making it an essential tool for modern software development and version control.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@GitHub Desktop App](https://github.com/apps/desktop)
+- [@article@Getting Started with GitHub](https://digital.gov/resources/an-introduction-github/)
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diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/github-marketplace@R20LXLLEzNn-SpyFDMRXj.md b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/github-marketplace@R20LXLLEzNn-SpyFDMRXj.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..00eefdf55
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/github-marketplace@R20LXLLEzNn-SpyFDMRXj.md
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# GitHub Marketplace
+
+GitHub Marketplace is a platform that allows developers to discover, install, and manage third-party tools and services directly within their GitHub environment. These tools can provide a range of features, such as code analysis, project management, or collaboration, making it easier for developers to work efficiently and effectively. By using the GitHub Marketplace, developers can streamline their workflow, reduce friction, and focus on writing code.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@GitHub Marketplace](https://github.com/marketplace)
+- [@official@About GitHub Marketplace for apps](https://docs.github.com/en/apps/github-marketplace/github-marketplace-overview/about-github-marketplace-for-apps)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/github-models@4slyjdk2Eeg5VYY6gCDG6.md b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/github-models@4slyjdk2Eeg5VYY6gCDG6.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c797b1bbd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/github-models@4slyjdk2Eeg5VYY6gCDG6.md
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# GitHub Models
+
+GitHub Models is a feature that allows developers to search, explore, and use pre-trained AI models from various sources. This platform provides a way to discover and experiment with these models, making it easier to integrate AI capabilities into software projects. By using GitHub Models, developers can quickly find and try out different models, without having to train them from scratch.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@Prototyping with AI models](https://docs.github.com/en/github-models/prototyping-with-ai-models)
+- [@video@GitHub Models DEMO | AI models for developers on GitHub](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WiBB8Lsgl7I)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/github-organizations@RMrxQLhrINO5g4Mhxh5qS.md b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/github-organizations@RMrxQLhrINO5g4Mhxh5qS.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7942fc542
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/github-organizations@RMrxQLhrINO5g4Mhxh5qS.md
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# GitHub Organizations
+
+GitHub Organizations are shared accounts that provide centralized management and collaboration for multiple projects and teams. They offer enhanced administrative controls, allowing owners to create teams with specific access permissions, manage member roles, and oversee repositories at scale. Organizations facilitate better project coordination, resource sharing, and team communication, making them ideal for businesses, open-source projects, and large-scale collaborations. With features like team discussions, project boards, and audit logs, GitHub Organizations streamline workflow management and foster a more structured and secure development environment.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@About Organizations](https://docs.github.com/en/organizations/collaborating-with-groups-in-organizations/about-organizations)
+- [@video@Set up a GitHub Organization](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XowSSIhJFuk)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/github-packages@rqPCHh25xX_ROMr-ULpaw.md b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/github-packages@rqPCHh25xX_ROMr-ULpaw.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..53656a690
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/github-packages@rqPCHh25xX_ROMr-ULpaw.md
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# GitHub Packages
+
+GitHub Packages is a package repository service that allows developers to store and share packages, containers, and other software artifacts. It provides a central location for sharing packages with teams, organizations, or the wider developer community. GitHub Packages supports popular package managers like npm, Maven, and Gradle, as well as container registries like Docker Hub. This feature enables seamless integration of packages into development workflows, making it easier to share dependencies, libraries, and frameworks within and across projects. By using GitHub Packages, developers can simplify dependency management, reduce errors, and improve overall collaboration.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@Introduction to GitHub Packages](https://docs.github.com/en/packages/learn-github-packages/introduction-to-github-packages)
+- [@official@GitHub Packages documentation](https://docs.github.com/en/packages)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/github-pages@bnai6R6pOq_L5CPdbVwMW.md b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/github-pages@bnai6R6pOq_L5CPdbVwMW.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..275f748fa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/github-pages@bnai6R6pOq_L5CPdbVwMW.md
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+# GitHub Pages
+
+GitHub Pages is a feature that allows users to host and publish web content directly from their GitHub repositories. It provides a simple way to create and deploy websites, blogs, or projects without the need for manual configuration or maintenance. Users can upload custom themes, add plugins, and use various tools to customize their pages.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@About GitHub Pages](https://docs.github.com/en/pages/getting-started-with-github-pages/about-github-pages)
+- [@official@Ceating a GitHub Pages site](https://docs.github.com/en/pages/getting-started-with-github-pages/creating-a-github-pages-site)
+- [@official@GitHub Pages examples](https://github.com/collections/github-pages-examples)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/github-projects@DzFJDdqnSy5GeGHWOpcVo.md b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/github-projects@DzFJDdqnSy5GeGHWOpcVo.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ec50b44d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/github-projects@DzFJDdqnSy5GeGHWOpcVo.md
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# GitHub Projects
+
+GitHub Projects is a flexible project management tool integrated directly into GitHub repositories. It allows teams to create customizable project boards, track issues and pull requests, and manage workflows using Kanban-style columns or table views. With features like automated workflows, custom fields, and various visualization options, GitHub Projects helps teams organize, prioritize, and track work across multiple repositories. This tool enhances collaboration, increases transparency, and streamlines project management processes, making it easier for developers and stakeholders to stay aligned on project goals and progress.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@About Projects](https://docs.github.com/en/issues/planning-and-tracking-with-projects/learning-about-projects/about-projects)
+- [@video@How to use Projects Roadmap](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D80u__nYYWw)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/github-releases@YmnTrjJtqHPXbEVrP8vd7.md b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/github-releases@YmnTrjJtqHPXbEVrP8vd7.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ddd31d2eb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/github-releases@YmnTrjJtqHPXbEVrP8vd7.md
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# GitHub Releases
+
+GitHub Releases is a feature that allows developers to package and distribute software versions to users. It provides a way to create tagged points in a repository's history, attach binary files (such as compiled executables or packaged code), and include release notes. This feature makes it easy to track and manage different versions of a project, share pre-compiled binaries with users who may not want to build from source, and communicate changes and updates to the community. GitHub Releases integrates seamlessly with Git tags and can be automated as part of a continuous integration and deployment pipeline.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@About Releases](https://docs.github.com/en/repositories/releasing-projects-on-github/about-releases)
+- [@article@REST API endpoints for releases](https://docs.github.com/en/rest/releases/releases?apiVersion=2022-11-28)
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diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/github-security@f2PG4t6iVtfIH8BVe5H7f.md b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/github-security@f2PG4t6iVtfIH8BVe5H7f.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..01137aef3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/github-security@f2PG4t6iVtfIH8BVe5H7f.md
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+# GitHub Security
+
+GitHub Security is a suite of features and tools that help developers identify, fix, and prevent security vulnerabilities in their code. It provides a comprehensive approach to secure coding practices by integrating with the developer's workflow. The main components of GitHub Security include: `Code Scanning`, which uses AI-powered analysis to detect potential vulnerabilities; `Dependabot`, which automates dependency updates to prevent attacks via vulnerable dependencies; `Secret scanning`, which detects and flags secrets like API keys or credentials; and `GitHub Advanced Security`, which offers more advanced security features for larger teams. By using these tools, developers can ensure their code is secure, and identify potential issues before they become serious problems.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@GitHub security features](https://docs.github.com/en/code-security/getting-started/github-security-features)
+- [@official@Dependabot quickstart guide](https://docs.github.com/en/code-security/getting-started/dependabot-quickstart-guide)
+- [@official@About user alerts](https://docs.github.com/en/code-security/secret-scanning/managing-alerts-from-secret-scanning/about-alerts#about-user-alerts)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/github-sponsors@vhdGUhMAyre_Xya6IxZ-t.md b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/github-sponsors@vhdGUhMAyre_Xya6IxZ-t.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f396eee12
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/github-sponsors@vhdGUhMAyre_Xya6IxZ-t.md
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# GitHub Sponsors
+
+A GitHub Sponsor is a way to support and fund open-source projects on GitHub. It allows maintainers of public repositories to receive financial support from users who value their work. Sponsors can contribute funds to help with expenses, development time, or other project-related costs. In return, sponsors are recognized as supporters in the repository's README file and on the project's website. This feature promotes transparency, accountability, and appreciation within open-source communities, making it easier for maintainers to focus on their projects.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@Sponsoring an open source contributor through GitHub](https://docs.github.com/en/sponsors/sponsoring-open-source-contributors/sponsoring-an-open-source-contributor-through-github)
+- [@official@Receiving sponsorships through GitHub Sponsors](https://docs.github.com/en/sponsors/receiving-sponsorships-through-github-sponsors)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/github-wikis@Ddkss13_qDJTquDHbVTVs.md b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/github-wikis@Ddkss13_qDJTquDHbVTVs.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0ec044cb6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/github-wikis@Ddkss13_qDJTquDHbVTVs.md
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# GitHub Wikis
+
+GitHub Wikis are collaborative documentation spaces integrated directly into GitHub repositories. They provide a platform for teams to create, edit, and organize project-related information, such as documentation, guidelines, and FAQs. Wikis support Markdown formatting, making it easy to structure content and include images or links. With version control and the ability to clone wiki repositories, teams can collaboratively maintain up-to-date documentation alongside their code, enhancing project understanding and facilitating knowledge sharing among contributors and users.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@About Wikis](https://docs.github.com/en/communities/documenting-your-project-with-wikis/about-wikis)
+- [@article@Documenting your project with Wikis](https://docs.github.com/en/communities/documenting-your-project-with-wikis)
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/gitignore@oz2oRAhaEQb0Fm3aRJQG8.md b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/gitignore@oz2oRAhaEQb0Fm3aRJQG8.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6067bff9c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/gitignore@oz2oRAhaEQb0Fm3aRJQG8.md
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+# .gitignore
+
+Ignored files are tracked in a special file named `.gitignore` that is checked in at the root of your repository. There is no explicit git ignore command: instead the `.gitignore` file must be edited and committed by hand when you have new files that you wish to ignore. `.gitignore` files contain patterns that are matched against file names in your repository to determine whether or not they should be ignored.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@gitignore Documentation](https://git-scm.com/docs/gitignore/en)
+- [@article@.gitignore file - ignoring files in Git | Atlassian Git Tutorial](https://www.atlassian.com/git/tutorials/saving-changes/gitignore)
+- [@article@Ignoring files - GitHub Docs](https://docs.github.com/en/get-started/getting-started-with-git/ignoring-files)
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/graphql-api@KlXPt-K6br8PtpLgELaCj.md b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/graphql-api@KlXPt-K6br8PtpLgELaCj.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..88c3ec233
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/graphql-api@KlXPt-K6br8PtpLgELaCj.md
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# GraphQL API
+
+The GitHub GraphQL API is a set of APIs that provides access to various GitHub features, such as user data, repository information, and commit history. It allows developers to interact with the GitHub platform programmatically using GraphQL queries.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@GitHub GraphQL API documentation](https://docs.github.com/en/graphql)
+- [@official@Forming calls with GraphQL](https://docs.github.com/en/graphql/guides/forming-calls-with-graphql)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/handling-conflicts@9Dt4Gyiiq5jteWSKxsRMK.md b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/handling-conflicts@9Dt4Gyiiq5jteWSKxsRMK.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..521f61df4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/handling-conflicts@9Dt4Gyiiq5jteWSKxsRMK.md
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+# Handling Conflicts
+
+When multiple developers work on the same project simultaneously, conflicts can arise during the merging process. This occurs when changes made by different individuals overlap or contradict each other in a specific code file. In such situations, Git's conflict resolution mechanism comes into play, allowing users to manually resolve these issues and merge the conflicting changes.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@article@Resolving a merge conflict using the command line](https://docs.github.com/en/pull-requests/collaborating-with-pull-requests/addressing-merge-conflicts/resolving-a-merge-conflict-using-the-command-line)
+- [@article@Resolve merge conflicts in Visual Studio](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/visualstudio/version-control/git-resolve-conflicts?view=vs-2022)
+- [@video@Resolve Git MERGE CONFLICTS: The Definitive Guide](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sqsz1-o7nXk)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/head@V8nLIvddyOKTzEjOJX5GW.md b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/head@V8nLIvddyOKTzEjOJX5GW.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..70969c9a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/head@V8nLIvddyOKTzEjOJX5GW.md
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# HEAD
+
+The `HEAD` file is at the core of how Git knows the SHA-1 of the last commit when running commands like `git branch <branch>`. It serves as a symbolic reference, pointing to the current branch. However, in rare cases, HEAD can contain the actual SHA-1 value of a Git object, such as when checking out a tag, commit, or remote branch, which puts your repository in a "detached HEAD" state.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@Git Internals - Git References - The HEAD](https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Git-Internals-Git-References#:~:text=want%20to%20create.-,The%20HEAD,-The%20question%20now)
+- [@video@Learn Git Essentials: Head & Detached Head](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HvDjbAa9ZsY)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/history@zen3RRdK9_nPAYgicRoHk.md b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/history@zen3RRdK9_nPAYgicRoHk.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f1d991aa8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/history@zen3RRdK9_nPAYgicRoHk.md
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# History
+
+The history of a Git repository is a record of all commits made over time, including changes to files, commit messages, and metadata. This history is stored as a series of snapshots, with each commit representing a new version of the codebase.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@Git Basics - Viewing the Commit History](https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Git-Basics-Viewing-the-Commit-History)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/installation-and-setup@vHfpoVbOW0DHNtiy0VN4X.md b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/installation-and-setup@vHfpoVbOW0DHNtiy0VN4X.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..472dd064a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/installation-and-setup@vHfpoVbOW0DHNtiy0VN4X.md
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# Installation and Setup
+
+The GitHub CLI can be installed on Windows, macOS, and Linux operating systems. Installation options include downloading binaries directly from the release page or using package managers (such as homebrew, pip, etc).
+
+Once installed, setting up the GitHub CLI typically involves authenticating with your GitHub account by running `gh auth login` in your terminal. This step is essential for linking your GitHub credentials to the CLI, allowing you to interact with your repositories and perform various actions.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@GitHub CLI - Installation](https://github.com/cli/cli?tab=readme-ov-file#installation)
+- [@official@GitHub CLI - Release](https://github.com/cli/cli/releases/)
+- [@official@GitHub CLI quickstart](https://docs.github.com/en/github-cli/github-cli/quickstart)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/installing-git-locally@v7hCNbgPByi3YiLSs46BK.md b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/installing-git-locally@v7hCNbgPByi3YiLSs46BK.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c28f74d6e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/installing-git-locally@v7hCNbgPByi3YiLSs46BK.md
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+# Installing Git Locally
+
+To use Git on your local machine, you need to install it first. The installation process varies depending on your operating system:
+
+- On Windows: Download the binary from the official Git or GitHub release page and follow the installation instructions.
+- On macOS (using Homebrew): Run `brew install git` in your terminal.
+- On Linux: Run `sudo apt-get install git` or `sudo yum install git` depending on your distribution.
+
+Once installed, you can verify the Git version by running `git --version` in your terminal. This will display the currently installed Git version.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@Git - Downloads](https://git-scm.com/downloads)
+- [@article@Install Git](https://github.com/git-guides/install-git)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/issue-management@kGnZifvXbHBf5zXIsfAQw.md b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/issue-management@kGnZifvXbHBf5zXIsfAQw.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0b3d7892a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/issue-management@kGnZifvXbHBf5zXIsfAQw.md
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+# Issue Management
+
+The GitHub CLI provides a range of features for managing issues within your repository. Here are some key actions you can perform:
+
+- Listing issues: Run `gh issue list` to view a list of all open and closed issues.
+- Creating issues: Use `gh issue create --title "Issue Title" --body "Issue body"` to create a new issue with the specified title and body.
+- Assigning issues: Run `gh issue assign <issue-number> <username>` to assign an issue to a specific user.
+- Labelling issues: Use `gh issue label <issue-number> <label-name>` to add a label to an existing issue.
+- Closing issues: Run `gh issue close <issue-number>` to mark an issue as closed.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@gh issue](https://cli.github.com/manual/gh_issue)
+- [@video@Manage GitHub Issues From The Command Line Using GitHub CLI](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nuCQiP41jU0)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/issues@crdllx5cH_seIpgVPvHg_.md b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/issues@crdllx5cH_seIpgVPvHg_.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..65d714b13
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/issues@crdllx5cH_seIpgVPvHg_.md
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+# Issues
+
+On GitHub, an issue is a way to track and report bugs, feature requests, or other problems with a repository. Here are some key aspects of issues:
+
+- Creating issues: Users can create new issues by submitting a form on the repository's Issues page.
+- Issue titles and descriptions: Each issue has a title and body (description), which provide context for the problem or request.
+- Assignees: Issues can be assigned to specific users, who are then responsible for addressing the issue.
+- Labels: Labels are used to categorize issues by topic, priority, or other criteria. This helps filter and organize issues within a repository.
+- States: Issues have states that reflect their status, such as "Open", "Closed", or "Pending".
+- Comments: Users can comment on existing issues to discuss or provide additional context.
+- Labels and milestones: Issues can be associated with labels (topics) and milestones (deadlines), which help filter and prioritize them.
+
+Issues are a core feature of GitHub repositories, enabling teams to collaborate effectively on resolving problems and implementing new features.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@About Issues](https://docs.github.com/en/issues/tracking-your-work-with-issues/about-issues)
+- [@video@What is GitHub Issues?](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6HWw7rhwvtY)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/kanban-boards@RFJgfuxoVxt22QlwLI5mW.md b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/kanban-boards@RFJgfuxoVxt22QlwLI5mW.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4c1b8e378
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/kanban-boards@RFJgfuxoVxt22QlwLI5mW.md
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+# Kanban Boards
+
+On GitHub, Kanban boards provide a visual representation of issues as they move through the development process.
+
+A Kanban board typically has columns representing different stages or states, such as "To-Do", "In-Progress", and "Done". Each issue is represented by a card on the board, which can be moved between columns as its state changes. Users can drag and drop issue cards to move them from one column to another, reflecting progress or completion.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@Projects - Boards - Changing the layout of a view](https://docs.github.com/en/issues/planning-and-tracking-with-projects/customizing-views-in-your-project/changing-the-layout-of-a-view)
+- [@video@GitHub Project Management - Create GitHub Project Board & Automations](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oPQgFxHcjAw)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/labelling-issues--prs@y4DkB5NvTh41IeT0G2gr-.md b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/labelling-issues--prs@y4DkB5NvTh41IeT0G2gr-.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..740c79771
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/labelling-issues--prs@y4DkB5NvTh41IeT0G2gr-.md
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+# Labelling Issues / PRs
+
+On GitHub, labels are a way to categorize issues and pull requests (PRs) by topic, priority, or other criteria. Some common labels used are:
+
+- `Bug`
+- `Duplicate`
+- `Enhancement`
+- `Feature request`
+- `High priority`
+- `Needs feedback`
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@Managing labels](https://docs.github.com/en/issues/using-labels-and-milestones-to-track-work/managing-labels)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/learn-the-basics@HlUUGj3dOZ68t4gIjerXh.md b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/learn-the-basics@HlUUGj3dOZ68t4gIjerXh.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3d3f2bd26
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/learn-the-basics@HlUUGj3dOZ68t4gIjerXh.md
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+# Learn the Basics
+
+A Version Control System (VCS) is a tool that helps developers manage changes to their code over time. It allows multiple versions of a project to exist simultaneously, making it easier to collaborate with others and maintain a record of all modifications.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@article@What is version control?](https://www.atlassian.com/git/tutorials/what-is-version-control)
+- [@article@What is Git? - The Complete Guide to Git](https://www.datacamp.com/blog/all-about-git)
+- [@video@What is Git? Explained in 2 Minutes!](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2ReR1YJrNOM)
+- [@official@GUI Clients](https://git-scm.com/downloads/guis)
+- [@official@Getting Started - Installing Git](https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Getting-Started-Installing-Git)
+- [@official@Creating an account on GitHub](https://docs.github.com/en/get-started/start-your-journey/creating-an-account-on-github)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/linear-vs-non-linear@lXC07j6dOa3rQixY1P-Ob.md b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/linear-vs-non-linear@lXC07j6dOa3rQixY1P-Ob.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..57e61d1e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/linear-vs-non-linear@lXC07j6dOa3rQixY1P-Ob.md
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# Linear vs Non-Linear
+
+In Git, linear and non-linear history refer to different ways of managing commit history.
+
+- Linear history: A repository with a linear history has commits that are applied in a single, sequential order.
+- Non-linear history: A repository with a non-linear history allows multiple branches or lines of development, which can be merged back into the main branch at different points.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@article@Linear vs Non-Linear History](https://idiv-biodiversity.github.io/git-knowledge-base/linear-vs-nonlinear.html)
+- [@article@Linear git history - Part I](https://jun-sheng.medium.com/linear-git-history-part-i-b97184dde252#:~:text=The%20benefit%20of%20having%20a%20linear%20git%20history&text=It%20is%20easier%20to%20understand,bisect%20to%20track%20a%20bug.)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/local-vs-global-config@tVvxC5JQgUb_B8kOqYpD8.md b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/local-vs-global-config@tVvxC5JQgUb_B8kOqYpD8.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bfc8c4e8c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/local-vs-global-config@tVvxC5JQgUb_B8kOqYpD8.md
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# Local vs Global Config
+
+To manage local and global configuration settings, you can use the git config command with the --local and --global options.
+
+- Local configuration: Run `git config --local [key] [value]` to set a local configuration setting for the current repository.
+- Global configuration: Use `git config --global [key] [value]` to set a global configuration setting that applies to all repositories on your system.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@Customizing Git - Git Configuration](https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Customizing-Git-Git-Configuration)
+- [@article@A step-by-step guide to setting up global Git config properties](https://medium.com/geekculture/a-step-by-step-guide-to-setting-up-git-config-global-properties-db6dbce30fa8)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/managing-remotes@sBQOInoFBU9XfkPZ-JlyT.md b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/managing-remotes@sBQOInoFBU9XfkPZ-JlyT.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f07958922
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/managing-remotes@sBQOInoFBU9XfkPZ-JlyT.md
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+# Managing Remotes
+
+In Git, a remote repository refers to a copy of a project's source code stored on a server or other machine.
+
+- Adding remotes: Use `git remote add [name] [url]` to add a new remote repository. This allows you to track changes and push/pull updates from the remote.
+- Listing remotes: Run `git remote -v` to list all configured remotes with their URLs.
+- Renaming remotes: Update the name of an existing remote using `git remote rename [old-name] [new-name]`.
+- Deleting remotes: Remove a remote repository with `git remote remove [name]`.
+
+Managing remotes is essential for collaborating on projects or tracking changes from upstream sources.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@Managing remote repositories](https://docs.github.com/en/get-started/getting-started-with-git/managing-remote-repositories)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/managing-tags@NeU38WPbEphJuJ_AMkH82.md b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/managing-tags@NeU38WPbEphJuJ_AMkH82.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2a3d30ae9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/managing-tags@NeU38WPbEphJuJ_AMkH82.md
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+# Managing Tags
+
+In Git, a tag is a named reference to a specific commit in the project's history.
+
+- Creating tags: Use `git tag [name] [commit-hash]` to create a new tag. You can also use `git tag -a [name] -m "[message]" [commit-hash]` for annotated tags.
+- Listing tags: Run `git tag` to display all existing tags.
+- Deleting tags: Remove an existing tag with `git tag -d [tag-name]`.
+
+Tags can be used for marking releases, milestones, or other significant events in a project's history.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@Git Basics - Tagging](https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Git-Basics-Tagging)
+- [@article@Git — Use Tags for Versioning and Release Management](https://medium.com/@KeyurRamoliya/git-use-tags-for-versioning-and-release-management-09aca9631eee)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/markdown@1Ulxl4VUvRSfyCPpi-iv8.md b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/markdown@1Ulxl4VUvRSfyCPpi-iv8.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0d12eedb2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/markdown@1Ulxl4VUvRSfyCPpi-iv8.md
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+# Markdown
+
+Markdown is a simple way to add formatting to text without using HTML tags or other complex syntax. It's easy to read and write, making it suitable for documentation, README files, and more. Some basic GitHub Markdown features include:
+
+- Basic syntax: Use headers (`# Heading`), bold/italic text (**bold**, *italic*), and lists (- item) to format text.
+- Links: Create links with `[text](url)` or `[text][ref]`.
+- Images: Embed images with `[![alt-text](image-url)]`.
+
+By using Markdown, you can easily format text within your GitHub repository, making it easier to read and understand for yourself and others.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@Basic writing and formatting syntax](https://docs.github.com/en/get-started/writing-on-github/getting-started-with-writing-and-formatting-on-github/basic-writing-and-formatting-syntax)
+- [@article@Markdown Cheatsheet](https://github.com/adam-p/markdown-here/wiki/Markdown-Cheatsheet)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/marketplace-actions@SsogoCgJIbeTD6tk8UhTe.md b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/marketplace-actions@SsogoCgJIbeTD6tk8UhTe.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..024a93a5a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/marketplace-actions@SsogoCgJIbeTD6tk8UhTe.md
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+# Marketplace Actions
+
+The GitHub Marketplace offers a wide range of pre-built actions that can be used to automate tasks and workflows within your repository.
+
+- Automate tasks: Use marketplace actions to automate tasks such as testing, deployment, or security.
+- Customize workflows: Create custom workflows using marketplace actions to tailor the build process to specific needs.
+- Streamline development: By automating repetitive tasks, developers can focus on code quality and collaboration.
+
+These actions are created by the GitHub community and can be easily added to your workflow to enhance productivity and efficiency.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@GitHub MarketPlace - Actions](https://github.com/marketplace?type=actions)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/mentions@oWMaOWU06juoIuzXNe-wt.md b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/mentions@oWMaOWU06juoIuzXNe-wt.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a1e620944
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/mentions@oWMaOWU06juoIuzXNe-wt.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# Mentions
+
+Mentions on GitHub allow you to notify specific users or teams about comments, issues, pull requests, or other activities. This feature improves collaboration by encouraging participation and discussion among team members, increasing visibility of important topics, and streamlining communication within your repository. To use mentions, simply type `@username` or `@teamname` in a comment, and GitHub will auto-complete the mention as you type, automatically linking their username to the comment and notifying them about the discussion.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/merge-strategies@0rHDUbAdXqH9zQW2VfJ8v.md b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/merge-strategies@0rHDUbAdXqH9zQW2VfJ8v.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fc5c5b3ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/merge-strategies@0rHDUbAdXqH9zQW2VfJ8v.md
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+# Merge Strategies
+
+When combining changes from one branch into another, Git provides various merge strategies to choose from. These methods allow for flexibility and customization in integrating code updates into your main branch. The available options include:
+
+- Fast Forward (FF)
+- Non-Fast Forward
+- Rebase
+- Squash
+- Cherry Picking
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/merging-basics@sNuy6NMjLOEkJlqdEjFPq.md b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/merging-basics@sNuy6NMjLOEkJlqdEjFPq.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..eeaf57a62
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/merging-basics@sNuy6NMjLOEkJlqdEjFPq.md
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# Merging Basics
+
+A merge in Git is the process of combining changes from one branch into another. When you want to integrate updates from one branch (the source) into another branch (the target), you need to perform a merge. This involves resolving conflicts between the two branches, if any exist. The goal of merging is to create a new commit that represents the combined changes from both branches, resulting in a single, cohesive history for your project.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@Git Branching - Basic Merging](https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Git-Branching-Basic-Branching-and-Merging#:~:text=into%20master%20later.-,Basic%20Merging,-Suppose%20you%E2%80%99ve%20decided)
+- [@article@Git merge](https://www.atlassian.com/git/tutorials/using-branches/git-merge)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/more-git@aZMVz6kc52vLGcZFD9Dgh.md b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/more-git@aZMVz6kc52vLGcZFD9Dgh.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..08b651182
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/more-git@aZMVz6kc52vLGcZFD9Dgh.md
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+# More Git
+
+Git offers several advanced features to manage complex scenarios, including hard resets with `git reset`, reverting changes with `git revert`, reordering commits with `git rebase`, merging in new changes with `git merge`, squashing commits into a single change, temporarily saving uncommitted changes with `git stash` and then applying them with `git stash apply`, and selectively picking specific commits from one branch to apply on another with `git cherry-pick`.
+
+Learn more from the the following resources:
+
+- [article@Resetting, checking out & reverting](https://www.atlassian.com/git/tutorials/resetting-checking-out-and-reverting)
+- [@article@Git Reset and Revert Tutorial for Beginners](https://www.datacamp.com/tutorial/git-reset-revert-tutorial)
+- [@article@Git Rebase vs Merge vs Squash: Choosing the Right Strategy for Version Control](https://medium.com/@shikha.ritu17/git-rebase-vs-merge-vs-squash-choosing-the-right-strategy-for-version-control-a9c9bb97040e)
+- [@article@Git stash](https://www.atlassian.com/git/tutorials/saving-changes/git-stash)
+- [article@Git cherry pick](https://www.atlassian.com/git/tutorials/cherry-pick)
+- [@video@How To Squash Your Git History Like A Pro](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RwvTrSm7zEY)
+- [@video@Git cherry pick tutorial. How to use git cherry-pick.](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wIY824wWpu4)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/more-github@sti_TAgZvSpuFWtygAsKc.md b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/more-github@sti_TAgZvSpuFWtygAsKc.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..004208d08
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/more-github@sti_TAgZvSpuFWtygAsKc.md
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+# More GitHub
+
+In addition to Git, GitHub provides several features that enhance collaboration and project management. GitHub Actions allows for automating workflows and testing code within the platform, while the GitHub CLI enables users to interact with GitHub from their local terminal using commands like `gh`. Additionally, GitHub supports Markdown formatting for creating readable documentation and comments, which can be used in repositories and issues.
+
+Learn more from the following resources:
+
+- [@course@Microsoft Learn: Introduction to GitHub Actions](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/collections/n5p4a5z7keznp5)
+- [@course@YouTube: GitHub Actions Playlist](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-hVG9z0fCac&list=PLArH6NjfKsUhvGHrpag7SuPumMzQRhUKY&pp=iAQB)
+- [@official@GitHub CLI](https://cli.github.com/)
+- [@official@GitHub CLI quickstart](https://docs.github.com/en/github-cli/github-cli/quickstart)
+- [@official@Basic writing and formatting syntax](https://docs.github.com/en/get-started/writing-on-github/getting-started-with-writing-and-formatting-on-github/basic-writing-and-formatting-syntax)
+- [@article@Markdown Cheatsheet](https://github.com/adam-p/markdown-here/wiki/Markdown-Cheatsheet)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/oauth-apps@qrdOARfqGPF9xhF6snbAn.md b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/oauth-apps@qrdOARfqGPF9xhF6snbAn.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..634c0b778
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/oauth-apps@qrdOARfqGPF9xhF6snbAn.md
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# OAuth Apps
+
+GitHub OAuth Apps are a way to integrate with the GitHub platform using OAuth authentication. They allow developers to create custom integrations that can automate tasks, provide real-time notifications, and build custom workflows.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@Creating an OAuth app](https://docs.github.com/en/apps/oauth-apps/building-oauth-apps/creating-an-oauth-app)
+- [@video@GitHub Login With React (GitHub APIs, GitHub OAuth 2.0 Authentication)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rRn2EisxPl4)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/post-checkout@SANEQI2rgOtsMQyn4qUCq.md b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/post-checkout@SANEQI2rgOtsMQyn4qUCq.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..23f0b8183
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/post-checkout@SANEQI2rgOtsMQyn4qUCq.md
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# post-checkout
+
+Git post-checkout hooks are scripts that run automatically after a successful `git checkout` operation. These hooks provide a way to customize Git's behavior and perform specific actions when switching branches or updating the working directory. Post-checkout hooks can be used for tasks such as updating dependencies, regenerating files, or adjusting project settings based on the newly checked-out branch. They offer developers a powerful tool to automate workflows and maintain consistency across different branches in a Git repository.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@Post-checkout hooks](https://git-scm.com/docs/githooks#_post_checkout)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/post-update@buxb5TpzQ-xxn0vqtGdS3.md b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/post-update@buxb5TpzQ-xxn0vqtGdS3.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..09bc67a65
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/post-update@buxb5TpzQ-xxn0vqtGdS3.md
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# post-update
+
+Git post-update hooks are scripts that run automatically after a successful push to a repository. These hooks are executed on the remote repository and are typically used for server-side tasks such as updating other services, triggering continuous integration processes, or notifying team members about changes. Post-update hooks provide a powerful mechanism for automating workflows and maintaining consistency across different parts of a project's infrastructure, making them an essential tool for streamlining development processes and enhancing collaboration in Git-based projects.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@Post-update hooks](https://git-scm.com/docs/githooks#post-update)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/pr-from-a-fork@8lXXVFkgK6n5IHaYkYe3l.md b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/pr-from-a-fork@8lXXVFkgK6n5IHaYkYe3l.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..93aec6eb4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/pr-from-a-fork@8lXXVFkgK6n5IHaYkYe3l.md
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# PR from a Fork
+
+Creating a pull request from a fork on GitHub is a common workflow for contributing to open-source projects or collaborating on repositories you don't have direct write access to. After forking the original repository to your GitHub account, you can make changes in your fork, commit them, and then create a pull request to propose these changes to the original repository. This process allows project maintainers to review your contributions, discuss any necessary modifications, and ultimately merge your changes into the main project if they're approved. It's an essential feature that facilitates collaboration and code review in distributed development environments.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@Creating a pull request from a fork](https://docs.github.com/en/pull-requests/collaborating-with-pull-requests/proposing-changes-to-your-work-with-pull-requests/creating-a-pull-request-from-a-fork)
+- [@video@How to Create a Pull Request from a Fork on GitHub](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a_FLqX3vGR4)
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/pr-guidelines@GwDNk2HBjASr_NWIL4G3-.md b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/pr-guidelines@GwDNk2HBjASr_NWIL4G3-.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6d1eada20
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/pr-guidelines@GwDNk2HBjASr_NWIL4G3-.md
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# PR Guidelines
+
+Pull Request (PR) guidelines are essential for maintaining a smooth and efficient code review process in collaborative development environments. These guidelines typically outline best practices for creating, formatting, and submitting PRs, ensuring that changes are well-documented, easy to review, and align with the project's standards. They may cover aspects such as PR size, commit message formatting, documentation requirements, and testing expectations. By establishing clear PR guidelines, teams can streamline their workflow, improve code quality, and facilitate effective communication among contributors.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@Best practices for pull requests](https://docs.github.com/en/pull-requests/collaborating-with-pull-requests/getting-started/best-practices-for-pull-requests)
+- [@article@Pull Request Guidelines](https://opensource.creativecommons.org/contributing-code/pr-guidelines/)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/pre-commit@HhpAIzYMlMiQ9msrYZyDB.md b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/pre-commit@HhpAIzYMlMiQ9msrYZyDB.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e7ffbd389
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/pre-commit@HhpAIzYMlMiQ9msrYZyDB.md
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# pre-commit
+
+Git pre-commit hooks are scripts that run automatically before a commit is created, allowing developers to enforce code quality standards and catch issues early in the development process. These hooks can perform tasks such as linting, formatting, running tests, or checking for sensitive information, ensuring that only clean and compliant code is committed to the repository. By intercepting the commit process, pre-commit hooks help maintain code consistency, reduce errors, and streamline the overall development workflow, making them a valuable tool for enforcing best practices and improving code quality across a project.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@opensource@pre-commit/pre-commit](https://github.com/pre-commit/pre-commit)
+- [@official@Git Hooks](https://www.atlassian.com/git/tutorials/git-hooks)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/pre-push@j5kWEUKwBFg5EMm8-61K9.md b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/pre-push@j5kWEUKwBFg5EMm8-61K9.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ef45f789e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/pre-push@j5kWEUKwBFg5EMm8-61K9.md
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+# pre-push
+
+Git pre-push hooks are scripts that run automatically before a push operation is executed, providing a final checkpoint to validate changes before they are shared with a remote repository. These hooks allow developers to perform last-minute checks, such as running tests, linting code, or verifying commit messages, to ensure that only high-quality and compliant code is pushed. By intercepting the push process, pre-push hooks help maintain code integrity, prevent accidental pushes of incomplete or broken code, and enforce project-specific rules, making them a valuable tool for maintaining code quality and consistency across distributed development teams.
+
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@article@pre-push hooks](https://dev.to/jameson/pre-push-hooks-42g5)
+- [@video@Detect secrets with a pre-commit git hook](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8bDKn3y7Br4)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/private-vs-public@HEqBbw_A4ZbJI5zEy8ViN.md b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/private-vs-public@HEqBbw_A4ZbJI5zEy8ViN.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ccb9de50f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/private-vs-public@HEqBbw_A4ZbJI5zEy8ViN.md
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# Private vs Public
+
+GitHub offers both private and public repositories, each serving different purposes in software development. Public repositories are visible to everyone on the internet, making them ideal for open-source projects, collaboration, and showcasing work to a wider audience. They encourage community contributions and can help developers build their portfolios. Private repositories, on the other hand, are only accessible to the repository owner and designated collaborators. These are suitable for proprietary code, sensitive projects, or work that's not ready for public consumption. Private repositories offer greater control over access and visibility, making them essential for businesses and individuals who need to keep their code confidential.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@About project visibility](https://docs.github.com/en/repositories/creating-and-managing-repositories/about-repositories#about-repository-visibility)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/profile-readme@KbVvFVQ4k77R2_ddsc7WT.md b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/profile-readme@KbVvFVQ4k77R2_ddsc7WT.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6a530772c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/profile-readme@KbVvFVQ4k77R2_ddsc7WT.md
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+# Profile Readme
+
+A GitHub Profile README is a special repository that allows users to showcase their skills, projects, and personality directly on their GitHub profile. To create one, you need to make a new repository with the same name as your GitHub username. This repository should contain a README.md file, which GitHub will automatically display on your profile page. The README can be customized with Markdown formatting, allowing you to add text, images, links, and even dynamic content like GitHub stats or recent blog posts. This feature provides a unique opportunity to make your GitHub profile more engaging and informative for visitors, effectively serving as a personalized landing page for your GitHub presence.
+
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@Managing your profile README](https://docs.github.com/en/account-and-profile/setting-up-and-managing-your-github-profile/customizing-your-profile/managing-your-profile-readme)
+- [@video@GitHub Profile README](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KhGWbt1dAKQ)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/project-planning@q0zy_hXav5iXw8LpGVJVd.md b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/project-planning@q0zy_hXav5iXw8LpGVJVd.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7e58ad77f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/project-planning@q0zy_hXav5iXw8LpGVJVd.md
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# Project Planning
+
+Project planning on GitHub is a comprehensive process that leverages the platform's built-in tools to organize, track, and manage software development projects efficiently. It typically involves using features such as Issues for task tracking, Projects for kanban-style boards, Milestones for grouping related issues and pull requests, and Labels for categorization. These tools, combined with GitHub's collaborative features like pull requests and code reviews, enable teams to create structured workflows, set priorities, assign tasks, and monitor progress throughout the development lifecycle. By centralizing project management within the same platform used for version control, GitHub streamlines communication and enhances productivity for development teams of all sizes.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@Project planning for developers](https://github.com/features/issues)
+- [@video@GitHub Project Management](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oPQgFxHcjAw)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/project-readme@WIVr7JxO1AJTNObW8mtY3.md b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/project-readme@WIVr7JxO1AJTNObW8mtY3.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1b19574e9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/project-readme@WIVr7JxO1AJTNObW8mtY3.md
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# Project Readme
+
+A GitHub project README is a crucial document that serves as the front page of a repository, providing essential information about the project. It typically includes a brief description of the project's purpose, installation instructions, usage guidelines, and contribution procedures. A well-crafted README helps visitors quickly understand the project's goals, how to get started, and how they can participate. It often contains badges indicating build status, code coverage, and other metrics, as well as links to documentation, issue trackers, and community channels. By effectively communicating the project's value and guiding new users and potential contributors, a good README significantly enhances a project's visibility, adoption, and collaboration potential on GitHub.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@About READMEs](https://docs.github.com/en/repositories/managing-your-repositorys-settings-and-features/customizing-your-repository/about-readmes)
+- [@article@How to write a good README](https://bulldogjob.com/readme/how-to-write-a-good-readme-for-your-github-project)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/pull-requests@s3MzDYFPMASqiS8UnvWzW.md b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/pull-requests@s3MzDYFPMASqiS8UnvWzW.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..34c89c744
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/pull-requests@s3MzDYFPMASqiS8UnvWzW.md
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+# Pull Requests
+
+A pull request is a proposal to merge a set of changes from one branch into another. In a pull request, collaborators can review and discuss the proposed set of changes before they integrate the changes into the main codebase. Pull requests display the differences, or diffs, between the content in the source branch and the content in the target branch.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@Creating a pull request](https://docs.github.com/articles/creating-a-pull-request)
+- [@article@Pull Requests](https://www.atlassian.com/git/tutorials/making-a-pull-request#:~:text=In%20their%20simplest%20form%2C%20pull,request%20via%20their%20Bitbucket%20account.)
+- [@video@GitHub Pull Request in 100 Seconds ](https://youtu.be/8lGpZkjnkt4?si=qbCQ8Uvzn9GN2koL)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/pull-requests@x6eILrLCQrVpz4j8uOuy6.md b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/pull-requests@x6eILrLCQrVpz4j8uOuy6.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a0d01e5f6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/pull-requests@x6eILrLCQrVpz4j8uOuy6.md
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+# Pull Requests
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/pushing--pulling-changes@ZVMCh9om37ee1qsecFa-N.md b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/pushing--pulling-changes@ZVMCh9om37ee1qsecFa-N.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..eee7e88e4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/pushing--pulling-changes@ZVMCh9om37ee1qsecFa-N.md
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+# Pushing / Pulling Changes
+
+When you pull changes in Git, you're fetching and integrating changes from a remote repository into your local repository. This operation updates your local branch with the latest changes from the remote branch. Whereas When you push changes in Git, you're sending your local commits to a remote repository, such as GitHub, GitLab, or Bitbucket. This operation updates the remote repository with your latest changes.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@Pushing commits to a remote repository](https://docs.github.com/en/get-started/using-git/pushing-commits-to-a-remote-repository)
+- [@article@A Comprehensive Guide to git pull and git push](https://dev.to/alexmercedcoder/mastering-git-a-comprehensive-guide-to-git-pull-and-git-push-2eo3)
+- [@article@GIT Push and Pull Tutorial](https://www.datacamp.com/tutorial/git-push-pull)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/pushing-tags@E3HAGNM-kXLL4Oci5JzpQ.md b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/pushing-tags@E3HAGNM-kXLL4Oci5JzpQ.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7998bccc0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/pushing-tags@E3HAGNM-kXLL4Oci5JzpQ.md
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+# Pushing Tags
+
+Pushing tags in Git is the process of sharing your local tags with a remote repository. Tags in Git are used to mark specific points in the repository's history, typically to signify a release or a milestone.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@article@Tagging in git](https://git-scm.com/book/en/Git-Basics-Tagging)
+- [@article@How to Push Git Tags to Remote](https://kodekloud.com/blog/how-to-push-git-tags-to-remote/)
+- [@article@Git Push Tag to Remote Guide](https://phoenixnap.com/kb/git-push-tag)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/reactions@XstmIysIi_lWo6RzszLBt.md b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/reactions@XstmIysIi_lWo6RzszLBt.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..592e02873
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/reactions@XstmIysIi_lWo6RzszLBt.md
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# Reactions
+
+Reactions in GitHub are a way for users to express their feelings or opinions about issues, pull requests, comments, and other discussions without adding additional comments. They are similar to "likes" or "emojis" on social media platforms, providing a quick and non-verbal way to engage with content.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@Add Reactions to Pull Requests, Issues, and Comments](https://github.blog/news-insights/product-news/add-reactions-to-pull-requests-issues-and-comments/)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/rebase@99FVJ3Zs8n6lr8L95mG6g.md b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/rebase@99FVJ3Zs8n6lr8L95mG6g.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..707e0c8de
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/rebase@99FVJ3Zs8n6lr8L95mG6g.md
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# Rebase
+
+Rebasing in Git is a powerful and potentially complex feature used to reorganize or modify a series of commits. The primary purpose of rebasing is to create a cleaner, more linear project history by moving or combining changes from one branch onto another.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@Rebasing](https://git-scm.com/book/en/Git-Branching-Rebasing)
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/renaming-branch@_dPOVUbxApx0pfKPH8fgr.md b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/renaming-branch@_dPOVUbxApx0pfKPH8fgr.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3836e15c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/renaming-branch@_dPOVUbxApx0pfKPH8fgr.md
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# Renaming Branch
+
+Renaming a branch in Git means changing the name of a branch to something different while preserving its history and the commits it contains. The branch itself remains the same in terms of the code and history it tracks, but the reference (the name by which you refer to it) is updated
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@Renaming a branch - GitHub Docs](https://docs.github.com/github/administering-a-repository/renaming-a-branch)
+- [@article@Git Rename Branch – How to Change a Local Branch Name](https://www.freecodecamp.org/news/git-rename-branch-how-to-change-a-local-branch-name/)
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/repository-management@lw4zHuhtxIO4kDvbyiVfq.md b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/repository-management@lw4zHuhtxIO4kDvbyiVfq.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..93249c51f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/repository-management@lw4zHuhtxIO4kDvbyiVfq.md
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+# Repository management
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/rest-api@lSCnKhmRr6xrKVYxO8idD.md b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/rest-api@lSCnKhmRr6xrKVYxO8idD.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..db1d16a95
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/rest-api@lSCnKhmRr6xrKVYxO8idD.md
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+# REST API
+
+The GitHub REST API is a set of APIs that provide access to various GitHub features, such as user data, repository information, and commit history. It allows developers to interact with the GitHub platform programmatically.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@GitHub REST API documentation](https://docs.github.com/en/rest?apiVersion=2022-11-28)
+- [@official@Quickstart for GitHub REST API](https://docs.github.com/en/rest/quickstart?apiVersion=2022-11-28)
+- [@video@[Tutorial] - How to use GitHub REST API for Beginners](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OvfLavRD1Os)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/rewriting-history@sOoC-XxEoIvwKct00oKlX.md b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/rewriting-history@sOoC-XxEoIvwKct00oKlX.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3c255e79f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/rewriting-history@sOoC-XxEoIvwKct00oKlX.md
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+# Rewriting History
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/roadmaps@sxvT2hGko2PDRBoBrCGWD.md b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/roadmaps@sxvT2hGko2PDRBoBrCGWD.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ec36e36a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/roadmaps@sxvT2hGko2PDRBoBrCGWD.md
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+# Roadmaps
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/saved-replies@dQS1V0zZxeKhHhUo3STBK.md b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/saved-replies@dQS1V0zZxeKhHhUo3STBK.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b281d238a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/saved-replies@dQS1V0zZxeKhHhUo3STBK.md
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+# Saved Replies
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/scheduled-worfklows@uS1H9KoKGNONvETCuFBbz.md b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/scheduled-worfklows@uS1H9KoKGNONvETCuFBbz.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0c8c895c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/scheduled-worfklows@uS1H9KoKGNONvETCuFBbz.md
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+# Scheduled Worfklows
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/secrets-and-env-vars@aflP7oWsQzAr4YPo2LLiQ.md b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/secrets-and-env-vars@aflP7oWsQzAr4YPo2LLiQ.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..438874956
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/secrets-and-env-vars@aflP7oWsQzAr4YPo2LLiQ.md
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+# Secrets and Env Vars
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/setting-up-profile@GS3f1FKFVKT0-GJQrgCm8.md b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/setting-up-profile@GS3f1FKFVKT0-GJQrgCm8.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..dd238f899
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/setting-up-profile@GS3f1FKFVKT0-GJQrgCm8.md
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+# Setting up Profile
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/squash@Z-srOhYFGVEKDexlJ6cjt.md b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/squash@Z-srOhYFGVEKDexlJ6cjt.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5580d8d87
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/squash@Z-srOhYFGVEKDexlJ6cjt.md
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+# Squash
+
+Squashing in Git, refers to the process of combining multiple commits into a single commit. This is often done to create a cleaner and more concise commit history, especially before merging a feature branch into the main branch.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@article@Git Squash Commits](https://www.freecodecamp.org/news/git-squash-commits/)
+- [@article@How to Squash Commits in Git](https://medium.com/iosnesia/how-to-squash-commits-in-git-e73a41248211)
+- [@video@GIT Tutorial - How to Squash Commits](https://youtu.be/viY1BbKZhSI?si=kORsEzQvCRFGauQa)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/staged-changes@mzjtCdpke1ayHcEuS-YUS.md b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/staged-changes@mzjtCdpke1ayHcEuS-YUS.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5ead195b0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/staged-changes@mzjtCdpke1ayHcEuS-YUS.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# Staged Changes
+
+To view the changes you've staged with `git add`, but not yet committed, use `git diff --cached`. This command compares the staged files against their original versions in the repository. It's a quick way to review what you're about to commit before finalizing it.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/staging-area@h71Tx3nkfUrnhaqcHlDkQ.md b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/staging-area@h71Tx3nkfUrnhaqcHlDkQ.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2b277ff4d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/staging-area@h71Tx3nkfUrnhaqcHlDkQ.md
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+# Staging Area
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/static-site-generators@iwfNYDlAgbA_rpWYcoHCC.md b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/static-site-generators@iwfNYDlAgbA_rpWYcoHCC.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..087f51644
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/static-site-generators@iwfNYDlAgbA_rpWYcoHCC.md
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# Static Site Generators
+
+GitHub offers a set of static site generators (SSGs) that allow users to create and deploy websites directly from their GitHub repositories. These SSGs include `Jekyll`, `Hugo`, and `Middleman`, among others. They provide a simple way to build websites without the need for manual configuration or maintenance.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@Static Site Generators](https://github.com/collections/static-site-generators)
+- [@official@About GitHub Pages and Jekyll](https://docs.github.com/en/pages/setting-up-a-github-pages-site-with-jekyll/about-github-pages-and-jekyll)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/storing-artifacts@alysXC4b1hGi9ZdQ5-40y.md b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/storing-artifacts@alysXC4b1hGi9ZdQ5-40y.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a4a6dd5bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/storing-artifacts@alysXC4b1hGi9ZdQ5-40y.md
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+# Storing Artifacts
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/student-developer-pack@XRSVRl6iHncMmgSXoB7Lq.md b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/student-developer-pack@XRSVRl6iHncMmgSXoB7Lq.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b9205154f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/student-developer-pack@XRSVRl6iHncMmgSXoB7Lq.md
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# Student Developer Pack
+
+The GitHub Student Developer Pack is a collection of developer tools and resources that are offered free or at a discounted price to students through the GitHub Education program. This pack includes access to GitHub, GitHub Desktop, GitHub Classroom, GitHub Student Developer Kit, and other benefits. By using the Student Developer Pack, students can gain hands-on experience with professional developer tools, while also getting access to a wide range of educational resources.
+
+Visit the following resource to learn more:
+
+- [@official@Apply to GitHub Education as a student](https://docs.github.com/en/education/explore-the-benefits-of-teaching-and-learning-with-github-education/github-education-for-students/apply-to-github-education-as-a-student)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/submodules@fjAFNjNNbPOzme9Uk_fDV.md b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/submodules@fjAFNjNNbPOzme9Uk_fDV.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cdb5f01c6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/submodules@fjAFNjNNbPOzme9Uk_fDV.md
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+# Submodules
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/tagging@iFJBF-EEnLjQVsFSXjo_i.md b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/tagging@iFJBF-EEnLjQVsFSXjo_i.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1f3d9c9be
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/tagging@iFJBF-EEnLjQVsFSXjo_i.md
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+# Tagging
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/teams-within-organization@wydgCxR5VnieBpRolXt8i.md b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/teams-within-organization@wydgCxR5VnieBpRolXt8i.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8f4200e28
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/teams-within-organization@wydgCxR5VnieBpRolXt8i.md
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+# Teams within Organization
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/undoing-changes@0Yi4cryT2v2SGBjouOas3.md b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/undoing-changes@0Yi4cryT2v2SGBjouOas3.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2af22b33c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/undoing-changes@0Yi4cryT2v2SGBjouOas3.md
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+# Undoing Changes
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/unstaged-changes@uxqJzQFRcALqatNRIWR0w.md b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/unstaged-changes@uxqJzQFRcALqatNRIWR0w.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..aafe19caa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/unstaged-changes@uxqJzQFRcALqatNRIWR0w.md
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+# Unstaged Changes
+
+For changes that are not yet staged with `git add`, such as untracked new files or modified existing ones, use `git diff --unified`. This command compares your working directory against the latest committed version of each file. It's a useful tool for reviewing any local modifications before deciding whether to stage them for future commits.
+
+- [@article@What are unstaged changes in GitHub?](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/10954329/whats-the-unstaged-changes-in-github)
+- [@article@How to unstage files in Git](https://www.git-tower.com/learn/git/faq/git-unstage)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/use-in-automation@Y0EWgPsS4kZxH3y53jNxY.md b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/use-in-automation@Y0EWgPsS4kZxH3y53jNxY.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6ccd7dcd7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/use-in-automation@Y0EWgPsS4kZxH3y53jNxY.md
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+# Use in Automation
+
+GitHub CLI is a powerful tool for automating GitHub-related tasks directly from the command line. It enables developers to streamline workflows and integrate GitHub processes into scripts and automated systems.
+
+Key uses in automation:
+
+1. CI/CD: Automate PR creation, review, merging, and release management
+2. Issue and Project Management: Create, update, and close issues; manage project boards
+3. Repository Management: Clone repos, create forks, manage settings and collaborators
+4. GitHub Actions Integration: Trigger and monitor workflows, manage secrets
+5. Scripting and Batch Operations: Perform bulk actions across multiple repositories
+
+To use GitHub CLI in automation:
+
+1. Install GitHub CLI
+2. Authenticate with your GitHub account
+3. Learn basic commands and syntax
+4. Integrate CLI commands into scripts or automation tools
+
+Learn more from the following resources:
+
+- [@official@GitHub CLI documentation](https://cli.github.com/manual/)
+- [@article@Automating your workflow with GitHub CLI](https://github.blog/2021-03-11-scripting-with-github-cli/)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/usecases@PUnYNBrAZWoZiopjtNgnA.md b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/usecases@PUnYNBrAZWoZiopjtNgnA.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ae3f76750
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/usecases@PUnYNBrAZWoZiopjtNgnA.md
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+# Usecases
+
+GitHub Actions offer a wide range of automation possibilities for your development workflow. Here are some common use cases:
+
+1. Continuous Integration (CI): Automatically build and test your code on every push or pull request.
+2. Continuous Deployment (CD): Automatically deploy your application to various environments after successful builds.
+3. Code Quality Checks: Run linters, formatters, and other code quality tools automatically.
+4. Dependency Updates: Automatically create pull requests for outdated dependencies.
+5. Issue and PR Management: Automatically label, assign, or close issues and pull requests based on certain conditions.
+6. Scheduled Tasks: Run periodic maintenance tasks, backups, or data processing jobs.
+7. Security Scanning: Perform automated security checks on your codebase and dependencies.
+8. Documentation Generation: Automatically generate and publish documentation for your project.
+9. Cross-platform Testing: Test your code on multiple operating systems and environments simultaneously.
+10. Release Management: Automate the creation of release notes and asset uploads for new versions.
+
+These use cases demonstrate how GitHub Actions can streamline your development process, improve code quality, and increase productivity.
+
+Learn more from the following resources:
+
+- [@official@GitHub Actions Documentation](https://docs.github.com/en/actions)
+- [@youtube@How GitHub Actions 10x my productivity](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yfBtjLxn_6k)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/viewing-commit-history@IfUm5D_zNaUKMd4HX4Fi4.md b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/viewing-commit-history@IfUm5D_zNaUKMd4HX4Fi4.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..68ab55cf5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/viewing-commit-history@IfUm5D_zNaUKMd4HX4Fi4.md
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# Viewing Commit History
+
+Viewing commit history is a crucial aspect of Git, allowing users to examine the chronological record of repository changes. This feature is essential for understanding project evolution, tracking modifications, and facilitating effective team collaboration. Git provides various commands like `git log` and its options (e.g., `--oneline`, `--graph`, `--patch`, `--stat`) to display commit history in different formats. Users can filter commits by author, date range, and other criteria. By regularly reviewing commit history and following best practices such as writing clear commit messages and using tags, developers can gain valuable insights into their project's development and make informed decisions about future changes.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@Git Basics - Viewing the Commit History](https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Git-Basics-Viewing-the-Commit-History)
+- [@article@How to Use Git Log to View Commit History](https://www.freecodecamp.org/news/git-log-command/)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/viewing-diffs@-0zQvCHG8jS_ghSjmTeIx.md b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/viewing-diffs@-0zQvCHG8jS_ghSjmTeIx.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c9265ced3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/viewing-diffs@-0zQvCHG8jS_ghSjmTeIx.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# Viewing Diffs
+
+Viewing diffs in Git is crucial for understanding the changes made to your code. This is especially important when collaborating with others or reviewing your own work over time. Diffs show you exactly what lines have been added, modified, or removed between different versions of your files. This feature helps in code review processes, troubleshooting issues, and maintaining a clear history of your project's evolution. Git provides various commands and tools to view these differences, making it easier to track and manage changes effectively.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/webhooks@MoG7D9kqPuA6o52-z_WDN.md b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/webhooks@MoG7D9kqPuA6o52-z_WDN.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..03a77ba68
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/webhooks@MoG7D9kqPuA6o52-z_WDN.md
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+# Webhooks
+
+GitHub Webhooks allow developers to receive real-time notifications about events happening within their repository, such as commits, pull requests, and issues. These webhooks enable users to automate tasks, integrate with other services, and build custom workflows.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@About webhooks](https://docs.github.com/en/webhooks/about-webhooks)
+- [@official@Webhooks documentation](https://docs.github.com/en/webhooks)
+- [@video@How to use GitHub Webhooks with Discord](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-gyEHj0CVx0&)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/what-and-why-use@d0-u_-_vtPK8tnUpnj_NB.md b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/what-and-why-use@d0-u_-_vtPK8tnUpnj_NB.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..91115cf87
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/what-and-why-use@d0-u_-_vtPK8tnUpnj_NB.md
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+# What and Why use?
+
+Git submodules are a feature that allows you to include one Git repository within another. They are useful for managing external dependencies or shared components across projects.
+
+Key points:
+1. Separate repositories with independent histories
+2. Parent repository tracks specific submodule commits
+3. Enables code reuse and modular project structure
+4. Helps manage dependencies and keep main repository focused
+5. Facilitates collaboration on complex projects
+
+Benefits:
+- Including third-party libraries
+- Sharing common code
+- Managing multi-component projects
+- Keeping main repository lightweight
+
+Note: While powerful, submodules can add complexity to your workflow, so careful consideration is needed before implementation.
+
+Learn more from the following resources:
+
+- [@article@Git Submodules: Core Concept, Workflows, and Tips](https://www.atlassian.com/git/tutorials/git-submodule)
+- [@video@Git Submodules Tutorial](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gSlXo2iLBro)
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/what-and-why@v7uabKuMQPOD_hBIaHOVT.md b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/what-and-why@v7uabKuMQPOD_hBIaHOVT.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fed8ef387
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/what-and-why@v7uabKuMQPOD_hBIaHOVT.md
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# What and Why?
+
+Git hooks are customizable scripts that Git executes automatically before or after specific events, such as committing, pushing, or merging. These hooks allow developers to automate tasks, enforce coding standards, run tests, or perform other actions at crucial points in the Git workflow. By leveraging git hooks, teams can enhance their development process, maintain code quality, and ensure consistency across projects. Hooks can be implemented locally or shared among team members, providing a powerful mechanism for streamlining workflows and enforcing best practices throughout the development lifecycle.
+
+Learn more from the following resources:
+
+- [@article@Git Hooks](https://www.atlassian.com/git/tutorials/git-hooks)
+- [@video@What are Git Hooks?](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1OFiiPretCM)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/what-are-these@Ni3HKVLanFvSrJ3u8i5I1.md b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/what-are-these@Ni3HKVLanFvSrJ3u8i5I1.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7c6df0a57
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/what-are-these@Ni3HKVLanFvSrJ3u8i5I1.md
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# What are these?
+
+GitHub Actions is a powerful automation and continuous integration/continuous deployment (CI/CD) platform provided by GitHub. It allows developers to create custom workflows that automatically build, test, and deploy their code directly from their GitHub repositories. These workflows are triggered by specific events, such as push requests, pull requests, or scheduled tasks. GitHub Actions enables teams to streamline their development processes, improve code quality, and accelerate software delivery by automating repetitive tasks and integrating various tools and services seamlessly within their development pipeline.
+
+Learn more from the following resources:
+
+- [@article@Understanding GitHub Actions](https://docs.github.com/en/actions/learn-github-actions/understanding-github-actions)
+- [@video@GitHub Actions Tutorial - Basic Concepts and CI/CD Pipeline with Docker](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R8_veQiYBjI)
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/what-is-a-repository@PtU5Qwfzn3N1i3oRlCGoR.md b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/what-is-a-repository@PtU5Qwfzn3N1i3oRlCGoR.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6ebb9e1a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/what-is-a-repository@PtU5Qwfzn3N1i3oRlCGoR.md
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# What is a Repository
+
+A repository is a storage location for your project's code, documentation, and other files. It serves as a central hub for collaboration, version control, and code management. It allows multiple people to work on the same project without overwriting each other's work.
+
+Learn more from the following resources:
+
+- [@article@About repositories](hhttps://docs.github.com/en/repositories/creating-and-managing-repositories/about-repositories)
+- [@article@What is a repository?](https://www.gitkraken.com/learn/git/tutorials/what-is-a-git-repository)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/what-is-version-control@bY6b1GV2XQQ52NOx8gWFj.md b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/what-is-version-control@bY6b1GV2XQQ52NOx8gWFj.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3c1dbea54
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/what-is-version-control@bY6b1GV2XQQ52NOx8gWFj.md
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# What is Version Control?
+
+Version control is a system that manages and tracks changes to files over time, allowing multiple people to collaborate on a project while maintaining a history of all modifications. It records changes to files, such as code, documents, or configuration files, and stores them in a repository. With version control, developers can revert to previous versions, compare differences between versions, and understand the evolution of a project. It supports features like branching, where different lines of development can occur independently, and merging, which combines changes from different branches. Overall, version control ensures that changes are organized, recoverable, and easily managed, making it a critical tool in software development and collaborative projects.
+
+Learn more from the following resources:
+
+- [@video@What is Git? Explained in 2 minutes](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2ReR1YJrNOM)
+- [@article@What is version control?](https://www.atlassian.com/git/tutorials/what-is-version-control)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/why-use-version-control@dhIx1GnynvbSUriqYLUt0.md b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/why-use-version-control@dhIx1GnynvbSUriqYLUt0.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c3961a584
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/why-use-version-control@dhIx1GnynvbSUriqYLUt0.md
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# Why use Version Control?
+
+Using version control is essential for managing changes in software development, as it enables tracking of modifications, collaboration, and maintaining a history of your project. It allows multiple developers to work on the same codebase simultaneously without overwriting each other's work, providing a clear record of who made changes and why. Version control systems facilitate rollback to previous versions if issues arise, and they support branching and merging, which are crucial for experimenting with new features and managing different stages of development. Overall, version control ensures code quality, accountability, and efficient collaboration in projects.
+
+Learn more from the following resources:
+
+- [@article@Benefits of using version control](https://www.techrepublic.com/article/version-control-benefits/)
+- [@article@What is version control and why is it important?](https://start.docuware.com/blog/document-management/what-is-version-control-why-is-it-important)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/workflow-context@BnPiTu1Jw2kIW560a2A5T.md b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/workflow-context@BnPiTu1Jw2kIW560a2A5T.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bea269b17
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/workflow-context@BnPiTu1Jw2kIW560a2A5T.md
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# Workflow Context
+
+Workflow context in GitHub Actions refers to the environment and variables that are available to a workflow. It includes information about the workflow's execution, such as the event that triggered it, the repository, and the workflow itself.
+
+Learn more from the following resources:
+
+- [@article@GitHub Actions Contexts](https://docs.github.com/en/actions/writing-workflows/choosing-what-your-workflow-does/contexts)
+- [@video@Working with contexts in GitHub Actions](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=16WT_r0zjYE)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/workflow-runners@6QwlY3dEvjfAOPALcWKXQ.md b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/workflow-runners@6QwlY3dEvjfAOPALcWKXQ.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..92628d77f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/workflow-runners@6QwlY3dEvjfAOPALcWKXQ.md
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# Workflow Runners
+
+Workflow runners are the environments where GitHub Actions workflows are executed. They are hosted on GitHub-hosted virtual machines (GHVMs) or self-hosted runners. Each runner has a specific configuration and capabilities, depending on its type.
+
+Learn more from the following resources:
+
+- [@video@GitHub Actions Self-hosted runners](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aLHyPZO0Fy0)
+- [@article@GitHub Actions Runners](https://docs.github.com/en/actions/hosting-your-own-runners/about-self-hosted-runners)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/workflow-status@jc4R1zhd1YeCEbVuxwJWy.md b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/workflow-status@jc4R1zhd1YeCEbVuxwJWy.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1f14ed800
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/workflow-status@jc4R1zhd1YeCEbVuxwJWy.md
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+# Workflow Status
+
+Workflow status in GitHub Actions refers to the current state of a workflow run. It can be one of the following:
+
+- Pending: The workflow is waiting for an event to trigger it.
+- In Progress: The workflow is currently running.
+- Completed: The workflow has finished running.
+- Failed: The workflow has failed due to an error.
+
+Learn more from the following resources:
+
+- [@article@Adding a workflow status badge to your repository](https://docs.github.com/en/actions/monitoring-and-troubleshooting-workflows/monitoring-workflows/adding-a-workflow-status-badge)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/workflow-triggers@55uHPFNwYPVZx8Cy3c985.md b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/workflow-triggers@55uHPFNwYPVZx8Cy3c985.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a254abbe1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/workflow-triggers@55uHPFNwYPVZx8Cy3c985.md
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# Workflow Triggers
+
+Workflow triggers are events that initiate a GitHub Actions workflow. They can be scheduled, triggered by code changes, or manually initiated. This allows for automation of tasks based on specific conditions.
+
+Learn more from the following resources:
+
+- [@article@GitHub Actions Documentation](https://docs.github.com/en/actions)
+- [@article@GitHub Actions Triggers](https://docs.github.com/en/actions/reference/events-that-trigger-workflows)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/working-directory@Sv36oxTZwlUv-i1K28NeP.md b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/working-directory@Sv36oxTZwlUv-i1K28NeP.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7b44240a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/working-directory@Sv36oxTZwlUv-i1K28NeP.md
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# Working Directory
+
+A working directory in Git is the local environment where files are stored and modified as part of a project. It reflects the current state of the project's files, allowing developers to edit, add, or delete files. Changes made in the working directory can be staged for commit, which means they're prepared for inclusion in the next commit. The working directory is connected to the Git repository, and it helps manage the differences between the committed history and the current state of the files. It plays a central role in tracking changes, testing, and developing new features.
+
+Learn more from the following resources:
+
+- [@article@Git vs Working Directory](https://codesweetly.com/git-vs-working-directory/)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/working-in-a-team@yMx3LdadPz4g25CL3N8da.md b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/working-in-a-team@yMx3LdadPz4g25CL3N8da.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..978c28a87
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/working-in-a-team@yMx3LdadPz4g25CL3N8da.md
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# Working in a Team
+
+Working in a team on GitHub involves collaborative development using Git's distributed version control system. Team members can work on separate branches, create pull requests for code reviews, and merge changes into the main codebase. GitHub's features like issues, projects, and discussions facilitate communication and project management. Effective teamwork on GitHub requires clear communication, adherence to agreed-upon workflows, and proper use of Git commands to manage code changes and resolve conflicts. This collaborative approach enables teams to work efficiently on complex projects, maintain code quality, and track progress effectively.
+
+GitHub also offers an organization and team management interface, allowing teams to manage projects, members, and collaboration settings.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/yaml-syntax@p6rq3lQ9YRrTqwcc31O23.md b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/yaml-syntax@p6rq3lQ9YRrTqwcc31O23.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ce9bb9ca1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/content/yaml-syntax@p6rq3lQ9YRrTqwcc31O23.md
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+# YAML Syntax
+
+YAML (YAML Ain't Markup Language) is a human-readable data serialization standard for all programming languages. It is designed to be easily readable by humans while also being machine-parsable. Key features of YAML include:
+
+1. Simplicity: YAML uses a minimalist syntax with significant whitespace and indentation.
+
+2. Versatility: It can represent various data types, including scalars, lists, and associative arrays.
+
+3. Readability: Its clear, concise format makes it easy for both humans and machines to understand.
+
+4. Language-independent: YAML can be used with any programming language that has a YAML parser.
+
+YAML is commonly used for:
+
+- Configuration files: Many applications and tools use YAML for their configuration settings.
+- Data exchange: It serves as a lightweight alternative to XML or JSON for data transfer between systems.
+- Data storage: YAML can be used to store structured data in a human-readable format.
+- DevOps and CI/CD: It's widely used in tools like Docker, Kubernetes, and various CI/CD platforms for defining workflows and configurations.
+
+Understanding YAML syntax is crucial for working with modern development tools, especially in the realms of DevOps, cloud computing, and containerization.
+
+Learn more from the following resources:
+
+- [@article@What is YAML?](https://circleci.com/blog/what-is-yaml-a-beginner-s-guide/)
+- [@article@YAML Tutorial : A Complete Language Guide with Examples](https://spacelift.io/blog/yaml)
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/faqs.astro b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/faqs.astro
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e69de29bb
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/git-github-beginner.json b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/git-github-beginner.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a710d4563
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/git-github-beginner.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/git-github.md b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/git-github.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d3b2d6cc8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/git-github/git-github.md
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+---
+jsonUrl: '/jsons/roadmaps/git-github.json'
+pdfUrl: '/pdfs/roadmaps/git-github.pdf'
+renderer: 'editor'
+order: 19
+briefTitle: 'Git and GitHub'
+briefDescription: 'Step by step guide to learn Git and GitHub in 2024'
+title: 'Git and GitHub Roadmap'
+description: 'Step by step guide to learn Git and GitHub in 2024'
+hasTopics: true
+isNew: true
+dimensions:
+  width: 968
+  height: 3330
+schema:
+  headline: 'Git and GitHub Roadmap'
+  description: 'Learn about Git and GitHub with this interactive step by step guide in 2023. We also have resources and short descriptions attached to the roadmap items so you can get everything you want to learn in one place.'
+  imageUrl: 'https://roadmap.sh/roadmaps/git-github.png'
+  datePublished: '2024-08-12'
+  dateModified: '2024-08-12'
+seo:
+  title: 'Git and GitHub Roadmap'
+  description: 'Learn about Git and GitHub using this roadmap. We also have resources and short descriptions attached to the roadmap items so you can get everything you want to learn in one place.'
+  keywords:
+    - 'git and github roadmap 2024'
+    - 'git roadmap'
+    - 'github roadmap'
+relatedRoadmaps:
+  - 'computer-science'
+  - 'frontend'
+  - 'backend'
+  - 'devops'
+  - 'full-stack'
+sitemap:
+  priority: 1
+  changefreq: 'monthly'
+tags:
+  - 'roadmap'
+  - 'main-sitemap'
+  - 'skill-roadmap'
+---
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/golang/content/101-go-advanced/index.md b/src/data/roadmaps/golang/content/101-go-advanced/index.md
index 08e1e1c15..1e06f64d1 100644
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/golang/content/101-go-advanced/index.md
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/golang/content/101-go-advanced/index.md
@@ -1 +1,7 @@
 # Go advanced
+
+Diving deeper into Golang involves exploring the language's more advanced features and best practices to harness its full potential. Once you’ve mastered the basics, advancing your knowledge includes understanding complex aspects of Go that can significantly improve your code’s performance, readability, and maintainability.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@article@Mastering Advance GO](https://www.reddit.com/r/golang/comments/m57vwe/advanced_go_techniques_you_think_everyone_should/)
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/ios/content/memory-management@tqbg8mBJfjuXacdMlIB_L.md b/src/data/roadmaps/ios/content/memory-management@tqbg8mBJfjuXacdMlIB_L.md
index a0367b19d..7d1b6c84b 100644
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/ios/content/memory-management@tqbg8mBJfjuXacdMlIB_L.md
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/ios/content/memory-management@tqbg8mBJfjuXacdMlIB_L.md
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # Memory Management
 
-Memory management involves allocating memory for objects and freeing it after use. Manual Retain-Release (MRR) requires developers to explicitly manage memory using reference counting, provided by the Foundation class NSObject. Automatic Reference Counting (ARC) automates this process by inserting memory management method calls during compilation, though it still uses reference counting. In contrast, Garbage Collection (GC) automatically tracks object ownership and releases unreferenced objects, using a different mechanism than MRR and ARC, and is supported only in the Mac OS X runtime environment, not on iOS.
+Memory management involves allocating memory for objects and freeing it after use. Manual Retain-Release (MRR) requires developers to explicitly manage memory using reference counting, provided by the Foundation class NSObject. Automatic Reference Counting (ARC) automates this process by inserting memory management method calls during compilation, though it still uses reference counting. In contrast, Garbage Collection (GC) automatically tracks object ownership and releases unreferenced objects, using a different mechanism than MRR and ARC, and is supported only in the macOS X runtime environment, not on iOS.
 
 > Beginning May 1, 2015, new Mac apps and app updates submitted to the Mac App Store may no longer use garbage collection, which was deprecated in OS X Mountain Lion. Instead, migrate your apps to Automatic Reference Counting, using the migration assistant in Xcode to help with this transition. Apps may continue to use retain/release for manual memory management. For more information, read the [Transitioning to ARC Release Notes](https://developer.apple.com/library/ios/releasenotes/ObjectiveC/RN-TransitioningToARC/Introduction/Introduction.html).
 
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/ios/content/pick-a-language@MrdIb9F-wSEbUz7KRnH3t.md b/src/data/roadmaps/ios/content/pick-a-language@MrdIb9F-wSEbUz7KRnH3t.md
index 3ac4654ce..2764a2986 100644
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/ios/content/pick-a-language@MrdIb9F-wSEbUz7KRnH3t.md
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/ios/content/pick-a-language@MrdIb9F-wSEbUz7KRnH3t.md
@@ -1 +1,12 @@
-# Pick a Language
\ No newline at end of file
+# Pick a Language
+
+Apple used to use Objective C for the development of apps for iOS and macOS, but since 2014 [Swift](https://www.swift.org/documentation/) has become the primary language for app development. After more than 10 years of growing strong and mature, now it is worth starting your iOS Developer journey by learning the language.
+
+Swift is a multi-paradigm language that has object-oriented, functional, and protocol-oriented flavors to it. For someone with a coding background in C++ and Java, the strange concepts would be Optionals, Closures, and the very fact you can skip writing semicolons when you end your statements.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@course@Swift Programming Tutorial | FULL COURSE | Absolute Beginner](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CwA1VWP0Ldw)
+- [@course@Swift Programming For Beginners - No Programming Experience](https://www.udemy.com/course/swift-programming-for-beginners-no-experience/)
+- [@course@Swift Programming Tutorial – Full Course for Beginners](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8Xg7E9shq0U)
+- [@course@Learn Swift Fast (2020) - Full Course For Beginners](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FcsY1YPBwzQ)
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/java/content/100-java-fundamentals/105-oop.md b/src/data/roadmaps/java/content/100-java-fundamentals/105-oop.md
index 04a049c4e..a23829e60 100644
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/java/content/100-java-fundamentals/105-oop.md
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/java/content/100-java-fundamentals/105-oop.md
@@ -1,14 +1,20 @@
 # OOP
 
-Object-oriented programming is a core of Java Programming, which is used for designing a program using classes and objects. This can also be characterized as data controlling for accessing the code.
+Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm based on the concept of objects, which can contain data and code: data in the form of fields (often known as attributes or properties), and code in the form of procedures (often known as methods). In OOP, computer programs are designed by making them out of objects that interact with one another.
+
+Abstraction, encapsulation, polymorphism, and inheritance are the four main theoretical principles of object-oriented programming. But Java also works with three further OOP concepts: association, aggregation, and composition.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
 
 - [@article@Class](https://www.javatpoint.com/object-and-class-in-java)
+- [@article@Inheritance](https://www.javatpoint.com/inheritance-in-java)
 - [@article@Polymorphism](https://www.javatpoint.com/runtime-polymorphism-in-java)
 - [@article@Abstraction](https://www.softwaretestinghelp.com/what-is-abstraction-in-java/)
 - [@article@Encapsulation](https://www.programiz.com/java-programming/encapsulation)
-
-Visit the following resources to learn more:
-
+- [@article@Association](https://www.javatpoint.com/association-in-java)
+- [@article@Aggregation](https://www.javatpoint.com/aggregation-in-java)
+- [@article@Composition](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/composition-in-java/)
 - [@article@Java OOPs Concepts](https://www.javatpoint.com/java-oops-concepts)
+- [@article@Using OOP concepts to write high-performance Java code](https://raygun.com/blog/oop-concepts-java)
 - [@video@Java complete OOPs playlist](https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9gnSGHSqcno1G3XjUbwzXHL8_EttOuKk)
 - [@video@Java OOPs Concepts](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6T_HgnjoYwM)
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/javascript/content/callback-hell@PJSdqvh5OBwPCNpn3q_S5.md b/src/data/roadmaps/javascript/content/callback-hell@PJSdqvh5OBwPCNpn3q_S5.md
index e02399d96..3112c27ce 100644
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/javascript/content/callback-hell@PJSdqvh5OBwPCNpn3q_S5.md
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/javascript/content/callback-hell@PJSdqvh5OBwPCNpn3q_S5.md
@@ -4,5 +4,4 @@ The callback hell is when we try to write asynchronous JavaScript in a way where
 
 Visit the following resources to learn more:
 
-- [@official@Callback Hell](http://callbackhell.com/)
-- [@article@Callbacks in Callbacks - Pyramid of Doom](https://javascript.info/callbacks#pyramid-of-doom)
\ No newline at end of file
+- [@article@Callbacks in Callbacks - Pyramid of Doom](https://javascript.info/callbacks#pyramid-of-doom)
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/javascript/content/dom-apis@bhuGtcyqPFKu-900aESYz.md b/src/data/roadmaps/javascript/content/dom-apis@bhuGtcyqPFKu-900aESYz.md
index 6e3e2f1f1..7bfba602b 100644
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/javascript/content/dom-apis@bhuGtcyqPFKu-900aESYz.md
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/javascript/content/dom-apis@bhuGtcyqPFKu-900aESYz.md
@@ -1 +1,8 @@
-# DOM APIs
\ No newline at end of file
+# DOM APIs
+
+With HTML DOM, JavaScript can access and change all the elements of an HTML document such as its attributes, CSS styles, remove elements, add and create new elements on the page. Web API means application programming inteface for the web. All browsers have a set og built-in Web APIs to support complex operations, and to help accessing data. Like Geolocation API, Web Storage, Web History and others.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@article@DOM- MDN Docs](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document_Object_Model)
+- [@article@Web APIs- W3schools](https://www.w3schools.com/js/js_api_intro.asp)
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/javascript/content/objectis@ATma3bLKdmWY_WTsPIKxh.md b/src/data/roadmaps/javascript/content/objectis@ATma3bLKdmWY_WTsPIKxh.md
index 987005242..e857d4e4f 100644
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/javascript/content/objectis@ATma3bLKdmWY_WTsPIKxh.md
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/javascript/content/objectis@ATma3bLKdmWY_WTsPIKxh.md
@@ -1 +1,21 @@
-# Object.is
\ No newline at end of file
+# Object.is
+
+The Object.is() static method determines whether two values are the same value.
+
+```js
+console.log(Object.is('1', 1));
+// Expected output: false
+
+console.log(Object.is(NaN, NaN));
+// Expected output: true
+
+console.log(Object.is(-0, 0));
+// Expected output: false
+
+const obj = {};
+console.log(Object.is(obj, {}));
+// Expected output: false
+```
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@article@Object.is() - MDN](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object/is)
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/kubernetes/content/102-setting-up-kubernetes/102-deploying-your-first-application.md b/src/data/roadmaps/kubernetes/content/102-setting-up-kubernetes/102-deploying-your-first-application.md
index 2ea3d5426..9b1c692a1 100644
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/kubernetes/content/102-setting-up-kubernetes/102-deploying-your-first-application.md
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/kubernetes/content/102-setting-up-kubernetes/102-deploying-your-first-application.md
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ To deploy your first application in Kubernetes, you need to create a deployment
 Learn more from the following links:
 
 - [@official@Using kubectl to Create a Deployment](https://kubernetes.io/docs/tutorials/kubernetes-basics/deploy-app/deploy-intro/)
-- [@article@Deploying An Application On Kubernetes From A to Z](https://www.weave.works/blog/deploying-an-application-on-kubernetes-from-a-to-z)
+- [@article@Deploying An Application On Kubernetes From A to Z](https://web.archive.org/web/20230326150953/https://www.weave.works/blog/deploying-an-application-on-kubernetes-from-a-to-z)
 - [@video@Kubernetes Tutorial | Your First Kubernetes Application](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vj6EFnav5Mg)
 - [@video@Kubernetes 101: Deploying Your First Application](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XltFOyGanYE)
 - [@article@Kubernetes 101: Deploy Your First Application with MicroK8s](https://thenewstack.io/kubernetes-101-deploy-your-first-application-with-microk8s/)
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/linux/content/107-user-management/100-create-update.md b/src/data/roadmaps/linux/content/107-user-management/100-create-update.md
index d94666a35..38607b4e1 100644
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/linux/content/107-user-management/100-create-update.md
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/linux/content/107-user-management/100-create-update.md
@@ -1,17 +1,8 @@
-# User Management: Create and Update Users 
+# User Management: Create, Update, and Delete Users
 
-User management is an essential part of maintaining a Linux system. It consists of managing user accounts and groups, and setting permissions for them. Linux system administrators should be proficient in creating, updating and managing users to ensure system security as well as efficient use of system resources.
+User management in Linux involves creating, updating, and deleting user accounts to ensure system security and efficient resource utilization. Administrators can create new users using commands like `useradd` or `adduser`, update user details such as home directory or login shell with `usermod`, and delete users using `userdel`. Effective user management leverages Linux's multi-user capabilities, maintaining a secure and organized system environment.
 
-When creating a new user, we add a new record in the system files for that user along with other details like home directory, login shell, and password. We can create new users with ‘useradd’ or 'adduser' commands. For instance, to create a new user, you might use a command like:
+Learn more from the following resources:
 
-```bash
-sudo useradd newuser
-```
-
-On the other hand, updating a user means modifying user details. It may include changing display or user name, home directory or login shell. The 'usermod' command is used for updating a user in Linux. For instance, to change the home directory for a user, you might use a command like: 
-
-```bash
-sudo usermod -d /new/home/directory username
-```
-
-Managing users effectively is crucial in Linux for both system security and resource management. You can fully harness the power of Linux's multi-user characteristics through skillful user management.
\ No newline at end of file
+- [@article@How to create, update, and delete users account on Linux](https://linuxconfig.org/how-to-create-modify-and-delete-users-account-on-linux)
+- [@article@How to manage users in Linux](https://www.freecodecamp.org/news/how-to-manage-users-in-linux/)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/linux/content/107-user-management/101-user-groups.md b/src/data/roadmaps/linux/content/107-user-management/101-user-groups.md
index f09b2d55d..c97898b59 100644
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/linux/content/107-user-management/101-user-groups.md
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/linux/content/107-user-management/101-user-groups.md
@@ -1,16 +1,8 @@
-# Linux User Groups
+# User Management: Users & Groups
 
-In Linux, a User Group is a mechanism used to manage the system’s users and permissions. It represents a collection of users, designed specifically to simplify system administration. Each user in Linux is a part of one or more groups. These groups are primarily used for determining access rights to various system resources, including files, directories, devices, etc.
+User management in Linux uses user groups to manage system users and permissions efficiently. A user group is a collection of users that simplifies system administration by determining access rights to resources like files and directories. Each user belongs to one or more groups, allowing administrators to grant specific privileges without full superuser access. Commands like `groupadd`, `groupdel`, `groupmod`, `usermod`, and `gpasswd` are used to manage groups. Proper group management is crucial for a secure and organized system environment. For detailed instructions, refer to resources on managing Linux groups.
 
-Understanding and appropriately managing user groups in Linux is crucial for overall system security. It allows the administrator to grant certain privileges to a specific set of users, without granting them complete superuser or 'root' access.
+Learn more from the following resources:
 
-One can check a user’s group affiliations using the `groups` command, while the `/etc/group` file contains a list of all groups on the system.
-
-```bash
-groups [username]
-cat /etc/group
-```
-
-At times, it becomes necessary to add or remove users from groups, modifications to group properties or even the creation and deletion of groups altogether. These operations can typically be performed using the `groupadd`, `groupdel`, `groupmod`, `usermod`, and `gpasswd` commands.
-
-Overall, user groups are an essential component of Linux User Management, helping to maintain a secure and organized system environment.
\ No newline at end of file
+- [@article@How to create, delete, and modify groups in Linux](https://www.redhat.com/sysadmin/linux-groups)
+- [@article@How to manage groups on Linux](https://linuxconfig.org/how-to-manage-groups-on-linux)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/linux/content/107-user-management/102-permissions.md b/src/data/roadmaps/linux/content/107-user-management/102-permissions.md
index 0a8ce6ffb..3822e8a83 100644
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/linux/content/107-user-management/102-permissions.md
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/linux/content/107-user-management/102-permissions.md
@@ -1,29 +1,8 @@
-# Linux: Permissions Under User Management
+# User Management: Managing Permissions
 
-Linux, like all Unix-like systems, is a multi-user system, meaning it can be used by multiple users at one time. As such, it has a comprehensive system for managing permissions for these users. These Linux permissions dictate who can access, modify, and execute files and directories.
+User management in Linux involves managing permissions to control who can access, modify, and execute files and directories. Permissions are categorized into read, write, and execute types and can be set for the file owner (user), the owning group, and others. Commands like `chmod`, `chown`, and `chgrp` are used to view and manipulate these permissions. Properly managing permissions is crucial for maintaining system security and organization. For more detailed instructions, refer to resources on Linux file permissions.
 
-Permissions are categorized into three types:
+Learn more from the following resources:
 
-1. **Read permission**: Users with read permissions can view the contents of the file.
-
-2. **Write permission**: Users with write permissions can modify the contents of the file or directory.
-
-3. **Execute permission**: Users with execute permissions can run a file or traverse a directory.
-
-These permissions can be set for three kinds of entities: 
-
-1. **User**: The owner of the file or directory.
-
-2. **Group**: The user group that owns the file or directory.
-
-3. **Others**: Other users who are neither the owner of the file, nor belong to the group that owns the file.
-
-To set these permissions, Linux uses a system of permission bits. This information can be viewed and manipulated using commands such as `chmod`, `chown`, and `chgrp`.
-
-```bash
-chmod 755 my_file
-chown new_owner my_file
-chgrp new_group my_file
-```
-
-In the example above, `chmod 755 my_file` sets permissions so that the user can read, write, and execute (7), while the group and others can read and execute (5). The `chown` and `chgrp` commands change the owner and group of `my_file`, respectively.
\ No newline at end of file
+- [@article@Linux file permissions explained](https://www.redhat.com/sysadmin/linux-file-permissions-explained)
+- [@video@Linux file permissions in 5 minutes](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LnKoncbQBsM)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/nodejs/content/history-of-nodejs@Vrcv5px-3fqmyJnQv3WBK.md b/src/data/roadmaps/nodejs/content/history-of-nodejs@Vrcv5px-3fqmyJnQv3WBK.md
index e3000f468..2fccaa9a0 100644
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/nodejs/content/history-of-nodejs@Vrcv5px-3fqmyJnQv3WBK.md
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/nodejs/content/history-of-nodejs@Vrcv5px-3fqmyJnQv3WBK.md
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # History of Node.js
 
-Node.js was written initially by Ryan Dahl in 2009, about thirteen years after the introduction of the first server-side JavaScript environment, Netscape's LiveWire Pro Web. The initial release supported only Linux and Mac OS X. Its development and maintenance were led by Dahl and later sponsored by Joyent.
+Node.js was written initially by Ryan Dahl in 2009, about thirteen years after the introduction of the first server-side JavaScript environment, Netscape's LiveWire Pro Web. The initial release supported only Linux and macOS X. Its development and maintenance were led by Dahl and later sponsored by Joyent.
 
 Visit the following resources to learn more:
 
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/nodejs/content/local-installation@oYeux7PbveYaVwXRzAg5x.md b/src/data/roadmaps/nodejs/content/local-installation@oYeux7PbveYaVwXRzAg5x.md
index e2089e067..8d27a02af 100644
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/nodejs/content/local-installation@oYeux7PbveYaVwXRzAg5x.md
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/nodejs/content/local-installation@oYeux7PbveYaVwXRzAg5x.md
@@ -1 +1,8 @@
-# Local Installation
\ No newline at end of file
+# Local Installation
+
+Locally installed packages are available only to the project where the packages are installed, while the globally installed packages can be used any where without installing them into a project. Another usecase of the global packages is when using CLI tools.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@Downloading and installing packages locally](https://docs.npmjs.com/downloading-and-installing-packages-locally)
+- [@official@Downloading and installing packages globally](https://docs.npmjs.com/downloading-and-installing-packages-globally)
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/nodejs/nodejs.json b/src/data/roadmaps/nodejs/nodejs.json
index 5af7a446d..cff7a1c9c 100644
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+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/nodejs/nodejs.json
@@ -1,6452 +1 @@
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8","strokeLinecap":"round","strokeWidth":3.5,"stroke":"#2b78e4"},"source":"ZLNUuDKhJ03Kw7xMVc7IR","sourceHandle":"z2","target":"CvkjlOpT34lOHgzQHL40s","targetHandle":"y1","data":{"edgeStyle":"dashed"},"id":"reactflow__edge-ZLNUuDKhJ03Kw7xMVc7IRz2-CvkjlOpT34lOHgzQHL40sy1","selected":true,"selectable":true,"focusable":true},{"style":{"strokeDasharray":"0","strokeLinecap":"round","strokeWidth":3.5,"stroke":"#2b78e4"},"source":"WrnjjUDXQwwMXQjmgK72U","sourceHandle":"x2","target":"ZLNUuDKhJ03Kw7xMVc7IR","targetHandle":"w1","data":{"edgeStyle":"solid"},"id":"reactflow__edge-WrnjjUDXQwwMXQjmgK72Ux2-ZLNUuDKhJ03Kw7xMVc7IRw1","selected":true,"selectable":true,"focusable":true},{"style":{"strokeDasharray":"0","strokeLinecap":"round","strokeWidth":3.5,"stroke":"#2b78e4"},"source":"KMA7NkxFbPoUDtFnGBFnj","sourceHandle":"x2","target":"0vLaVNJaJSHZ_bHli6Qzs","targetHandle":"w1","data":{"edgeStyle":"solid"},"id":"reactflow__edge-KMA7NkxFbPoUDtFnGBFnjx2-0vLaVNJaJSHZ_bHli6Qzsw1","selected":true,"type":"simplebezier","focusable":true,"selectable":true},{"style":{"strokeDasharray":"0","strokeLinecap":"round","strokeWidth":3.5,"stroke":"#2b78e4"},"source":"wBKp8Q5D6WhjVVsD89UHl","sourceHandle":"x2","target":"0vLaVNJaJSHZ_bHli6Qzs","targetHandle":"w1","data":{"edgeStyle":"solid"},"id":"reactflow__edge-wBKp8Q5D6WhjVVsD89UHlx2-0vLaVNJaJSHZ_bHli6Qzsw1","selected":true,"selectable":true,"focusable":true},{"style":{"strokeDasharray":"0","strokeLinecap":"round","strokeWidth":3.5,"stroke":"#2b78e4"},"source":"ZLNUuDKhJ03Kw7xMVc7IR","sourceHandle":"x2","target":"M62lAWBOrTe99TfpFOQ-Y","targetHandle":"w1","data":{"edgeStyle":"solid"},"id":"reactflow__edge-ZLNUuDKhJ03Kw7xMVc7IRx2-M62lAWBOrTe99TfpFOQ-Yw1","selected":true,"selectable":true,"focusable":true},{"style":{"strokeDasharray":"0","strokeLinecap":"round","strokeWidth":3.5,"stroke":"#2b78e4"},"source":"M62lAWBOrTe99TfpFOQ-Y","sourceHandle":"y2","target":"0vLaVNJaJSHZ_bHli6Qzs","targetHandle":"z1","data":{"edgeStyle":"solid"},"id":"reactflow__edge-M62lAWBOrTe99TfpFOQ-Yy2-0vLaVNJaJSHZ_bHli6Qzsz1","selected":true,"selectable":true,"focusable":true}]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/python/content/sets@soZFqivM3YBuljeX6PoaX.md b/src/data/roadmaps/python/content/sets@soZFqivM3YBuljeX6PoaX.md
index 26fb09257..fe1f692f6 100644
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/python/content/sets@soZFqivM3YBuljeX6PoaX.md
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/python/content/sets@soZFqivM3YBuljeX6PoaX.md
@@ -1 +1,9 @@
-# Sets
\ No newline at end of file
+# Sets
+
+Python Set is an unordered collection of data types that is iterable, mutable, and has no duplicate elements. The order of elements in a set is undefined though it may consist of various elements. The major advantage of using a set, as opposed to a list, is that it has a highly optimized method for checking whether a specific element is contained in the set.
+
+  Visit the following resources to learn more:
+  
+- [@video@Python Sets tutorial for Beginners](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t9j8lCUGZXo)
+- [@article@An W3Schools - Python Sets](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_sets.asp)
+- [@article@An In-Depth Guide to Working with Python Sets](https://learnpython.com/blog/python-sets/)
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/react/content/animation@bRpeoo9zXrnZ2IHSI7JX4.md b/src/data/roadmaps/react/content/animation@bRpeoo9zXrnZ2IHSI7JX4.md
index 583b7f7c0..c9c2b7108 100644
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/react/content/animation@bRpeoo9zXrnZ2IHSI7JX4.md
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/react/content/animation@bRpeoo9zXrnZ2IHSI7JX4.md
@@ -1 +1,10 @@
-# Animation
\ No newline at end of file
+# Animation
+
+Animation in React can be achieved using various methods, such as CSS transitions, keyframes, or libraries like `react-spring`, `framer-motion`, and `GSAP` (GreenSock Animation Platform). CSS transitions are ideal for simple animations, where you can toggle classes or manipulate inline styles to create smooth transitions. For more complex and interactive animations, libraries like `react-spring` provide a declarative approach, allowing you to create animations by defining spring physics or interpolating values. `framer-motion` offers a rich API to handle complex animations, gestures, and even layout transitions with ease. `GSAP` is another powerful library that excels at creating high-performance animations, offering fine-grained control over every aspect of the animation process. These tools integrate seamlessly with React's component-driven architecture, enabling you to create responsive and dynamic user interfaces.
+
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@article@Framer Motion Docs](https://www.framer.com/motion/)
+- [@article@GSAP Docs](https://gsap.com/docs/v3/)
+- [@article@React Spring Docs](https://www.react-spring.dev/docs/getting-started)
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/react/content/frameworks@W-atg_Msa9uPLr6RXAKSb.md b/src/data/roadmaps/react/content/frameworks@W-atg_Msa9uPLr6RXAKSb.md
index d0bcf2398..11b852c5e 100644
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/react/content/frameworks@W-atg_Msa9uPLr6RXAKSb.md
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/react/content/frameworks@W-atg_Msa9uPLr6RXAKSb.md
@@ -2,18 +2,11 @@
 
 Server-side rendering (SSR) is a technique for rendering a JavaScript application on the server, rather than in the browser. This can improve the performance and user experience of a web application, as the initial render of the application is done on the server and the content is sent to the browser as a fully-rendered HTML page.
 
-There are several frameworks and libraries available for server-side rendering React applications, most common being:
+There are several frameworks and libraries available for server-side rendering React applications, most common being Next.js and Remix:
 
-## Next.JS
-
-Next.js is a React framework for building full-stack web applications. You use React Components to build user interfaces, and Next.js for additional features and optimizations.
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
 
 - [@article@Next.js](https://nextjs.org/)
 - [@video@Next.js 14 Full Course 2024](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wm5gMKuwSYk)
-
-## Remix.JS
-
-Remix is a full stack web framework that lets you focus on the user interface and work back through web standards to deliver a fast, slick, and resilient user experience. People are gonna love using your stuff.
-
 - [@article@Remix](https://remix.run/)
 - [@video@Remix Crash Course](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RBYJTop1e-g)
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/rust/content/101-language-basics/103-data-structures/110-linked-list.md b/src/data/roadmaps/rust/content/101-language-basics/103-data-structures/110-linked-list.md
index 3b57e1d82..124930269 100644
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/rust/content/101-language-basics/103-data-structures/110-linked-list.md
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/rust/content/101-language-basics/103-data-structures/110-linked-list.md
@@ -5,3 +5,4 @@ The **Linked List** in Rust is a sequence of nodes where each node consists of a
 Learn more from the following links:
 
 - [@official@LinkedList in std::collections - Rust](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/collections/struct.LinkedList.html)
+- [@opensource@Too Many Linked Lists](https://rust-unofficial.github.io/too-many-lists/)
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/server-side-game-developer/content/mysql@HsBqd08Ro0VJnx0FlumMQ.md b/src/data/roadmaps/server-side-game-developer/content/mysql@HsBqd08Ro0VJnx0FlumMQ.md
index 19566f86c..b43044552 100644
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/server-side-game-developer/content/mysql@HsBqd08Ro0VJnx0FlumMQ.md
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/server-side-game-developer/content/mysql@HsBqd08Ro0VJnx0FlumMQ.md
@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
 # MySQL
 
-MySQL is an open-source relational database management system (RDBMS) that uses SQL (Structured Query Language) to interact with data. It is developed, marketed, and supported by MySQL AB, a Swedish company, and is written in C and C++. Since it's open-source, you can use MySQL completely free of charge. MySQL is primarily used for online transactions and for consolidating data. You can install it on various platforms like Linux, Windows, Mac OS and so on. With its comprehensive set of features like support for full-text search, cursors, triggers, stored procedures, it is powerful enough to manage even very large sets of data, making it suitable for a vast range of applications, whether they be web-based or embedded.
\ No newline at end of file
+MySQL is an open-source relational database management system (RDBMS) that uses SQL (Structured Query Language) to interact with data. It is developed, marketed, and supported by MySQL AB, a Swedish company, and is written in C and C++. Since it's open-source, you can use MySQL completely free of charge. MySQL is primarily used for online transactions and for consolidating data. You can install it on various platforms like Linux, Windows, macOS and so on. With its comprehensive set of features like support for full-text search, cursors, triggers, stored procedures, it is powerful enough to manage even very large sets of data, making it suitable for a vast range of applications, whether they be web-based or embedded.
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/software-architect/software-architect.json b/src/data/roadmaps/software-architect/software-architect.json
index 20614fb57..de814cd89 100644
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/software-architect/software-architect.json
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/software-architect/software-architect.json
@@ -500,7 +500,7 @@
       },
       "selected": false,
       "data": {
-        "label": "Describes how an application is built including its components, how they interact with eachother, environment in which they operate and so on.",
+        "label": "Describes how an application is built including its components, how they interact with each other, environment in which they operate and so on.",
         "style": {
           "fontSize": 17,
           "borderColor": "transparent",
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/101-basic-syntax/101-data-types.md b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/101-basic-syntax/101-data-types.md
deleted file mode 100644
index 8356bc5b0..000000000
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/101-basic-syntax/101-data-types.md
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,82 +0,0 @@
-# Data Types
-
-SQL data types define the type of data that can be stored in a database table's column. Depending on the DBMS, the names
-of the data types can differ slightly. Here are the general types:
-
-## INT
-
-`INT` is used for whole numbers. For example:
-
-```sql
-CREATE TABLE Employees (
-    ID INT,
-    Name VARCHAR(30)
-);
-```
-
-## DECIMAL
-
-`DECIMAL` is used for decimal and fractional numbers. For example:
-
-```sql
-CREATE TABLE Items (
-    ID INT,
-    Price DECIMAL(5,2)
-);
-```
-
-## CHAR
-
-`CHAR` is used for fixed-length strings. For example:
-
-```sql
-CREATE TABLE Employees (
-    ID INT,
-    Initial CHAR(1)
-);
-```
-
-## VARCHAR
-
-`VARCHAR` is used for variable-length strings. For example:
-
-```sql
-CREATE TABLE Employees (
-    ID INT,
-    Name VARCHAR(30)
-);
-```
-
-## DATE
-
-`DATE` is used for dates in the format (`YYYY-MM-DD`).
-
-```sql
-CREATE TABLE Employees (
-    ID INT,
-    BirthDate DATE
-);
-```
-
-## DATETIME
-
-`DATETIME` is used for date and time values in the format (`YYYY-MM-DD HH:MI:SS`).
-
-```sql
-CREATE TABLE Orders (
-    ID INT,
-    OrderDate DATETIME
-);
-```
-
-## BINARY
-
-`BINARY` is used for binary strings.
-
-## BOOLEAN
-
-`BOOLEAN` is used for boolean values (`TRUE` or `FALSE`).
-
-**Remember**, the specific syntax for creating tables and defining column data types can vary slightly depending upon
-the SQL database you are using (MySQL, PostgreSQL, SQL Server, SQLite, Oracle, etc.), but the general concept and
-organization of data types is cross-platform.
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/101-basic-syntax/index.md b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/101-basic-syntax/index.md
deleted file mode 100644
index 0b1ce2eed..000000000
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/101-basic-syntax/index.md
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,68 +0,0 @@
-# Basic SQL Syntax
-
-SQL, or Structured Query Language, uses a specific set of commands to interact with a database. It includes the use of keyword-like statements to accomplish several tasks such as creating, deleting, or modifying tables, retrieving, inserting, or modifying data.
-
-The `SELECT` statement is used to retrieve data from a database. The data returned is stored in a result table, called the result-set.
-
-```sql
-SELECT column1, column2 FROM table_name;
-```
-
-The `INSERT INTO` statement is used to insert new rows of data in a table.
-
-```sql
-INSERT INTO table_name (column1, column2, column3)
-VALUES (value1, value2, value3);
-```
-
-The `UPDATE` statement is used to modify existing records in a table. 
-
-```sql
-UPDATE table_name
-SET column1 = value1, column2 = value2
-WHERE condition;
-```
-
-The `DELETE` statement is used to remove rows from a table. 
-
-```sql
-DELETE FROM table_name WHERE condition;
-```
-
-The `CREATE TABLE` statement is used to create a new table in a database.
-
-```sql
-CREATE TABLE table_name (
-    column1 datatype constraints,
-    column2 datatype constraints,
-    column3 datatype constraints
-);
-```
-
-The `ALTER TABLE ` statement is used to add, delete/drop or modify columns in the existing table. It is also used to add and drop constraints on the existing table.
-
-```sql
--- To add a column
-ALTER TABLE table_name
-ADD column_name datatype;
-
--- To delete/drop column
-ALTER TABLE table_name
-DROP COLUMN column_name;
-
--- To modify existing column
-ALTER TABLE table_name
-MODIFY COLUMN column_name datatype;
-```
-
-The `DROP TABLE` statement is used to drop an existing table in a database.
-
-```sql
-DROP TABLE table_name;
-```
-
-Learn more about SQL from the following resources:
-
-- [@article@SQL Tutorial - Mode](https://mode.com/sql-tutorial/)
-- [@article@SQL Tutorial](https://www.sqltutorial.org/)
-- [@article@SQL Tutorial - W3Schools](https://www.w3schools.com/sql/default.asp)
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/101-basic-syntax/statements/100-select.md b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/101-basic-syntax/statements/100-select.md
deleted file mode 100644
index 8efb519bd..000000000
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/101-basic-syntax/statements/100-select.md
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,54 +0,0 @@
-# SELECT
-
-The `SELECT` statement is used in SQL to pick out specific data from a database. In other words, it is used to select from the database what you would like to display. The syntax for the `SELECT` statement is fairly straightforward:
-
-```sql
-SELECT column(s)
-FROM table
-WHERE condition;
-```
-
-- `column(s)`: Enter the name(s) of the column(s) that you want to display.
-- `table`: The name of the table from where you want to retrieve data.
-- `WHERE`: Optional. This is a filter to display only the rows where this condition is true.
-
-For instance, if you wanted to select all data from the "Customers" table, your query would look like this:
-
-```sql
-SELECT *
-FROM Customers;
-```
-In the above code, the asterisk `*` denotes "all". This will retrieve all of the data in the "Customers" table.
-
-If you want to select only the "FirstName" and "LastName" columns from the "Customers" table, your query would look like this:
-
-```sql
-SELECT FirstName, LastName
-FROM Customers;
-```
-
-You can also filter using the `WHERE` clause. For example, selecting only the customers who are from "Germany":
-
-```sql
-SELECT *
-FROM Customers
-WHERE Country='Germany';
-```
-
-Finally, you can also sort the results using the `ORDER BY` keyword:
-
-```sql
-SELECT *
-FROM Customers
-ORDER BY Country;
-```
-
-This will sort the output in ascending order by the Country column. To sort in descending order, you would add the `DESC` keyword:
-
-```sql
-SELECT *
-FROM Customers
-ORDER BY Country DESC;
-```
-
-These are the very basics of the `SELECT` statement in SQL, which is a vital part of working with databases.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/101-basic-syntax/statements/101-insert.md b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/101-basic-syntax/statements/101-insert.md
deleted file mode 100644
index 1f5ac32ff..000000000
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/101-basic-syntax/statements/101-insert.md
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,37 +0,0 @@
-# INSERT
-
-The `INSERT` statement in SQL is used to add new rows of data to a table in the database. There are three forms of the `INSERT` statement: `INSERT INTO` values, `INSERT INTO` set, and `INSERT INTO` select.
-
-## `INSERT INTO` values
-
-The basic syntax for `INSERT INTO` values: 
-
-```sql
-INSERT INTO table_name (column1, column2, column3, ...)
-VALUES (value1, value2, value3, ...);
-```
-This form of the `INSERT` statement specifies both the column names and the values to be inserted. 
-
-## `INSERT INTO` set
-
-In this form, you're able to insert data using the `SET` keyword. Here, you specify each column you want to insert data into, and then the data for that column.
-
-```sql
-INSERT INTO table_name 
-SET column1 = value1, column2 = value2, ...;
-```
-
-## `INSERT INTO` select
-
-The `INSERT INTO SELECT` statement is used to copy data from one table and insert it into another table. Or, to insert data into specific columns from another table.
-
-```sql
-INSERT INTO table_name1 (column1, column2, column3, ...)
-SELECT column1, column2, column3, ...
-FROM table_name2
-WHERE condition;
-```
-
-In all cases, if you're inserting data into a table where some columns have default values, you don't need to specify those columns in your `INSERT INTO` statement.
-
-Note: Be careful when inserting data into a database as SQL does not have a confirm command. So once you execute the insert statement, the records are inserted, and you can't undo the operation.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/101-basic-syntax/statements/102-update.md b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/101-basic-syntax/statements/102-update.md
deleted file mode 100644
index d6418bae3..000000000
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/101-basic-syntax/statements/102-update.md
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,45 +0,0 @@
-# UPDATE
-
-The SQL `UPDATE` statement is used to modify the existing data in a database. This statement is very useful when you need to change the values assigned to specific fields in an existing row or set of rows.
-
-The general syntax for the UPDATE statement is as follows:
-
-```sql
-UPDATE table_name
-SET column1 = value1, column2 = value2, ...
-WHERE condition;
-```
-
-- `table_name`: The name of the table where an update will be performed.
-- `SET`: This clause specifies the column name and the new value that it should be updated to.
-- `column1, column2, ...`: The column names in the table.
-- `value1, value2, ...`: The new values that you want to record into the database.
-- `WHERE`: This clause specifies the conditions that identify which row(s) to update.
-
-## Example Usage
-
-Here's an example that might provide some clarity. For an imaginary `Employees` table:
-
-| EmployeeID | Name    | Position | Salary |
-|------------|---------|----------|--------|
-| 1          | Jane    | Manager  | 50000  |
-| 2          | John    | Clerk    | 30000  |
-| 3          | Bob     | Engineer | 40000  |
-
-If you want to increase Bob's salary by $5000, you would use:
-
-```sql
-UPDATE Employees
-SET Salary = 45000
-WHERE EmployeeID = 3;
-```
-
-This would permanently change the data in the `Employees` table:
-
-| EmployeeID | Name    | Position | Salary |
-|------------|---------|----------|--------|
-| 1          | Jane    | Manager  | 50000  |
-| 2          | John    | Clerk    | 30000  |
-| 3          | Bob     | Engineer | 45000  |
-
-Always be careful with the `UPDATE` statement; if you forget the `WHERE` clause, you will update all the rows in the table.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/101-basic-syntax/statements/103-delete.md b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/101-basic-syntax/statements/103-delete.md
deleted file mode 100644
index 0adedd70f..000000000
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/101-basic-syntax/statements/103-delete.md
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,30 +0,0 @@
-# DELETE
-
-The `DELETE` statement in SQL helps you remove existing records from a database. However, keep in mind, it is a destructive operation and may permanently erase data from your database.
-
-With the `DELETE` statement, you can perform the following:
-
-1. **Delete All Rows:**
-
-    The `DELETE` statement without a `WHERE` clause deletes all rows in a table. This operation is irreversible.
-
-    Example:
-    ```sql
-    DELETE FROM table_name;
-    ```
-    This SQL statement deletes all the records from `table_name`.
-
-2. **Delete Specific Rows:**
-
-    When combined with the `WHERE` clause, the `DELETE` SQL statement erases specific rows that meet the condition.
-
-    Example:
-    ```sql
-    DELETE FROM table_name WHERE condition;
-    ```
-    This instance of the `DELETE` statement deletes records from `table_name` the place where the given `condition` matches.
-
-It's crucial to use `DELETE` cautiously because it has the potential to either erase certain important rows or entirely empty the table.
-
-
-*Note: The deletion made by the "DELETE" statement is permanent and cannot be undone. Always ensure to have a backup before running a DELETE query, especially when it is on a production database.*
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/101-basic-syntax/statements/index.md b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/101-basic-syntax/statements/index.md
deleted file mode 100644
index 1082095a9..000000000
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/101-basic-syntax/statements/index.md
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-# Statements
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/102-ddl/100-create-table.md b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/102-ddl/100-create-table.md
deleted file mode 100644
index 90f70539a..000000000
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/102-ddl/100-create-table.md
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,52 +0,0 @@
-# Create Table
-
-The `CREATE TABLE` statement in SQL is a Data Definition Language (DDL) command used to create a new table in the database. 
-
-## SQL CREATE TABLE Syntax
-
-The syntax for SQL `CREATE TABLE` is as follows:
-
-```sql
-CREATE TABLE table_name (
-    column1 datatype,
-    column2 datatype,
-    column3 datatype,
-   ....
-);
-```
-
-- `table_name` is the name of the table that you want to create.
-- `column1, column2,...` are the columns in the table.
-- `datatype` is the data type for the column, such as varchar, int, date, etc.
-
-## SQL CREATE TABLE Example 
-
-Here is an example of the `CREATE TABLE` statement:
-
-```sql
-CREATE TABLE Employees (
-    ID int,
-    Name varchar(255),
-    Salary int,
-    Department varchar(255),
-    Position varchar(255)
-);
-``` 
-
-This SQL command creates a new table named `Employees` with five columns, named 'ID', 'Name', 'Salary', 'Department', and 'Position'. The data types are int for the 'ID' and 'Salary', and varchar(255) for the others.
-
-## SQL CREATE TABLE with NOT NULL 
-
-The `NOT NULL` constraint enforces a column to not accept null values. When creating a new table, you can add this constraint. Here is a practical example:
-
-```sql
-CREATE TABLE Employees (
-    ID int NOT NULL,
-    Name varchar(255) NOT NULL,
-    Salary int,
-    Department varchar(255),
-    Position varchar(255)
-);
-```
-
-In the example above, the 'ID' and 'Name' must always have a value. They cannot be unassigned or undefined.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/102-ddl/101-alter-table.md b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/102-ddl/101-alter-table.md
deleted file mode 100644
index 16cc41ffd..000000000
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/102-ddl/101-alter-table.md
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,75 +0,0 @@
-# Alter Table
-
-The `ALTER TABLE` command in SQL is used to add, delete/drop, or modify columns in an existing table. It's also useful for adding and dropping constraints such as primary key, foreign key, etc. 
-
-## Add Column
-
-A single column can be added using the following syntax:
-
-```sql
-ALTER TABLE tableName
-ADD columnName datatype;
-```
-
-To add more than one column:
-
-```sql
-ALTER TABLE tableName
-ADD (columnName1 datatype,
-     columnName2 datatype,
-     ...
-     );
-```
-
-## Drop Column
-
-To drop a single column:
-
-```sql
-ALTER TABLE tableName
-DROP COLUMN columnName;
-```
-
-To drop multiple columns:
-
-```sql
-ALTER TABLE tableName
-DROP (columnName1,
-       columnName2,
-       ...
-      );
-```
-
-## Modify Column
-
-To modify the datatype of a column:
-
-```sql
-ALTER TABLE tableName
-MODIFY COLUMN columnName newDataType;
-```
-
-## Add/Drop Constraints
-
-To add constraints:
-
-```sql
-ALTER TABLE tableName
-ADD CONSTRAINT constraintName
-PRIMARY KEY (column1, column2, ... column_n);
-```
-
-To drop constraints:
-
-```sql
-ALTER TABLE tableName
-DROP CONSTRAINT constraintName;
-```
-
-To drop PRIMARY KEY:
-
-```sql
-ALTER TABLE table_name
-DROP PRIMARY KEY;
-```
-In conclusion, `ALTER TABLE` in SQL lets you alter the structure of an existing table. This is a powerful command that lets you dynamically add, modify, and delete columns as well as the constraints placed on them. It ensures you are more flexible in dealing with changing data storage requirements.
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/102-ddl/103-drop-table.md b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/102-ddl/103-drop-table.md
deleted file mode 100644
index a4d0ce01b..000000000
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/102-ddl/103-drop-table.md
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,47 +0,0 @@
-# Drop Table
-
-The `DROP TABLE` statement is a Data Definition Language (DDL) operation that is used to completely remove a table from the database. This operation deletes the table structure along with all the data in it, effectively removing the table from the database system.
-
-When you execute the `DROP TABLE` statement, it eliminates both the table and its data, as well as any associated indexes, constraints, and triggers. Unlike the `TRUNCATE TABLE` statement, which only removes data but keeps the table structure, `DROP TABLE` removes everything associated with the table.
-
-## Syntax
-
-In SQL, the `DROP TABLE` statement is quite simple:
-
-```sql
-DROP TABLE table_name;
-```
-
-In this command, "table_name" refers to the name of the table you wish to remove.
-
-## Example
-
-If you have a table named `Orders` and you want to delete the entire table, you would use:
-
-```sql
-DROP TABLE Orders;
-```
-
-After executing this statement, the `Orders` table would no longer exist in the database.
-
-## Considerations
-
-- **Irreversible Action**: Unlike `DELETE` and `TRUNCATE`, once a table is dropped, the action cannot be rolled back. Therefore, it should be used with extreme caution.
-- **Cascading Effects**: Dropping a table that is referenced by a foreign key constraint will also drop that foreign key relationship. Similarly, any dependent objects like views, stored procedures, or functions that reference the table might be affected.
-- **Permissions**: Ensure you have the appropriate permissions to drop the table. Typically, this requires `DROP` privilege on the table.
-
-## Limitations
-
-There are certain conditions and limitations to keep in mind when using `DROP TABLE`:
-
-- **Foreign Key Constraints**: If the table is referenced by foreign keys from other tables, dropping it might require using `CASCADE` to also drop the dependent foreign keys.
-- **Replication**: Tables published using transactional or merge replication should be carefully considered before dropping, as this can impact replication.
-- **Dependent Objects**: Dropping a table will invalidate any dependent objects such as views, stored procedures, and functions that reference the table. Ensure these are handled appropriately.
-
-For example, if a table `Orders` is referenced by a foreign key in another table `OrderDetails`, dropping `Orders` might require:
-
-```sql
-DROP TABLE Orders CASCADE;
-```
-
-This ensures that any foreign key relationships are also removed along with the table.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/102-ddl/index.md b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/102-ddl/index.md
deleted file mode 100644
index ff56b04ff..000000000
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/102-ddl/index.md
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,49 +0,0 @@
-# Data Definition Language (DDL)
-
-Data Definition Language (DDL) is a subset of SQL. Its primary function is to create, modify, and delete database structures but not data. The commands in DDL are:
-
-1. `CREATE`: This command is used to create the database or its objects (like table, index, function, views, store procedure, and triggers).
-
-    ```sql
-    CREATE TABLE table_name (
-    column1 data_type(size),
-    column2 data_type(size),
-    ...
-    );
-    ```
-
-2. `DROP`: This command is used to delete an existing database or table.
-
-    ```sql
-    DROP TABLE table_name;
-    ```
-
-3. `ALTER`: This is used to alter the structure of the database. It is used to add, delete/drop or modify columns in an existing table. 
-
-     ```sql
-     ALTER TABLE table_name ADD column_name datatype;
-     ALTER TABLE table_name DROP COLUMN column_name;
-     ALTER TABLE table_name MODIFY COLUMN column_name datatype(size);
-    ```
-
-4. `TRUNCATE`: This is used to remove all records from a table, including all spaces allocated for the records which are removed.
-
-    ```sql
-    TRUNCATE TABLE table_name;
-    ```
-
-5. `RENAME`: This is used to rename an object in the database.
-
-    ```sql
-    -- To rename a table
-    ALTER TABLE table_name
-    RENAME TO new_table_name;
-    
-    -- To rename a column
-    ALTER TABLE table_name
-    RENAME COLUMN old_column_name TO new_column_name;
-    ```
-
-Remember: In DDL operations, `COMMIT` and `ROLLBACK` statement cannot be performed because the MySQL engine automatically commits the changes.
-
-Remember to replace `table_name`, `column_name`, `datatype(size)`, `old_table_name`, and `new_table_name` in the examples above with your actual table names, column names, data types and sizes, and the old or new table names you want to specify.
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/103-dml/101-from.md b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/103-dml/101-from.md
deleted file mode 100644
index 0bc6e3cfb..000000000
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/103-dml/101-from.md
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,47 +0,0 @@
-# FROM
-
-The `FROM` clause in SQL specifies the tables from which the retrieval should be made. It is an integral part of `SELECT` statements and variants of `SELECT` like `SELECT INTO` and `SELECT WHERE`. `FROM` can be used to join tables as well. 
-
-Typically, `FROM` is followed by space delimited list of tables in which the SELECT operation is to be executed. If you need to pull data from multiple tables, you would separate each table with a comma.
-
-Here are some examples:
-
-**Example 1 - Simple Usage**
-
-If you've a table called `employees`, you can select all employees' data like this:
-
-```sql
-SELECT * 
-FROM employees;
-```
-In this example, `*` means "all columns". So, `SELECT * FROM employees;` will retrieve all data from the `employees` table.
-
-**Example 2 - FROM with Multiple Tables**
-
-If you've multiple tables, say `employees` and `departments`, and you want to select data from both, you can do the following:
-
-```sql
-SELECT employees.name, departments.department 
-FROM employees, departments 
-WHERE employees.dept_id = departments.dept_id;
-```
-
-In this example, the `FROM` clause is following by two tables: `employees` and `departments`. `employees.name` and `departments.department` indicate that we're selecting the `name` column from the `employees` table and the `department` column from the `departments` table.
-
-Remember, always respect the order of operations in SQL. The `FROM` clause works only after tables are identified. 
-
-In complex SQL queries where you might need to pull data from multiple tables, aliases are used to temporarily rename the tables within the individual SQL statement. 
-
-**Example 3 - FROM with Aliases**
-
-Below is an example of a `FROM` clause with aliases:
-
-```sql
-SELECT e.name, d.department 
-FROM employees AS e, departments AS d
-WHERE e.dept_id = d.dept_id;
-```
-
-In this example, `employees` and `departments` tables are termed as `e` and `d` respectively. 
-
-That's it! Remember that `FROM` is not limited only to `SELECT`. It is applicable to `UPDATE` and `DELETE` operations as well.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/103-dml/101-insert.md b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/103-dml/101-insert.md
deleted file mode 100644
index 0f062163e..000000000
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/103-dml/101-insert.md
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,48 +0,0 @@
-# INSERT
-
-The "INSERT" statement is used to add new rows of data to a table in a database. There are two main forms of the INSERT command: `INSERT INTO` which, if columns are not named, expects a full set of columns, and `INSERT INTO table_name (column1, column2, ...)` where only named columns will be filled with data.
-
-## Usage
-
-1. **Insert full set of columns:**
-
-Code example:
-
-```sql
-INSERT INTO table_name 
-VALUES (value1, value2, ..., valueN);
-```
-
-In the example above, you need to provide values for all columns available in the table.
-
-2. **Selectively insert data:**
-
-Code example:
-
-```sql
-INSERT INTO table_name (column1, column2, ..., columnN)  
-VALUES (value1, value2, ..., valueN);
-```
-
-Here, you only provide values for certain columns of the table. Other columns will take on their default values (if any).
-
-3. **Insert data from another table:**
-
-Another useful form of the `INSERT` command is `INSERT INTO SELECT`, which allows you to copy data from one table and add it into another table.
-
-Code example:
-
-```sql
-INSERT INTO table1 (column1, column2, ... , columnN)
-SELECT column1, column2, ... , columnN 
-FROM table2 
-WHERE condition;
-```
-
-In this scenario, `table2` should already have the data we need and the WHERE clause can be used to select only those rows that satisfy certain conditions.
-
-> Note: The crucial point is that your columns in both SELECT and INSERT INTO command must be in same order and their datatypes must be compatible.
-> 
-> Kindly ensure that database table has enough space to hold inserted data, else it will resulting in OVERFLOW error.
-
-**Note**: Always make sure to provide correct and compatible data types for the columns. The SQL engine won't allow you to add data that doesn't match the column's declared data type.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/103-dml/103-delete.md b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/103-dml/103-delete.md
deleted file mode 100644
index 731bb9add..000000000
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/103-dml/103-delete.md
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,37 +0,0 @@
-# DELETE
-
-The DELETE statement is used to delete existing records in a table. This is a straightforward process, but care must be taken because the DELETE statement is destructive and cannot be undone by default.
-
-## Syntax
-
-The basic syntax of a DELETE query with WHERE clause in SQL is as follows:
-```sql
-DELETE FROM table_name [WHERE condition]
-```
-
-- `table_name`: Specifies the table where you want to delete data.
-- `WHERE condition`: It is optional. You can use the WHERE clause with a DELETE query to delete the selected rows, otherwise all the records would be deleted.
-
-## Examples
-
-1. **DELETE ALL Rows**
-
-Deletes all rows from a table named 'students'.
-```sql
-DELETE FROM students;
-```
-
-2. **DELETE Specified Rows**
-
-Deletes the student whose student_id is '1001' from the 'students' table.
-```sql
-DELETE FROM students WHERE student_id = '1001';
-```
-
-**Caution:** Be very careful when using the DELETE statement. If you omit the WHERE clause, all records will be deleted!
-
-## Multi-table deletions
-
-Some database systems allow for deleting from multiple tables in a single DELETE statement. This is database-specific and beyond the scope of the basic SQL DELETE command.
-
-Remember, always make sure to have a backup and confirm you're deleting the correct data before running a DELETE command, especially in production environments.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/103-dml/104-group-by.md b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/103-dml/104-group-by.md
deleted file mode 100644
index 80dc7757b..000000000
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/103-dml/104-group-by.md
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,68 +0,0 @@
-# GROUP BY
-
-"Group By" is a clause in SQL that is used to arrange identical data into groups. This clause comes under the category of Group Functions, alongside the likes of Count, Sum, Average, etc.
-
-The syntax for 'Group by' is:
-
-```sql
-SELECT column1, column2
-FROM table_name
-GROUP BY column1, column2;
-```
-
-Here, column1, column2, are the names of the columns based on which we want to group the results.
-
-## Example:
-
-Assume we have a "Sales" table. This table has three columns: ID, Item, and Amount.
-
-```sql
-ID     Item    Amount
----   ------   ------
-1      A        150
-2      B        200
-3      A        100
-4      B        50
-5      A        200
-6      A        100
-7      B        150
-```
-
-Execute the following SQL statement...
-
-```sql
-SELECT Item, SUM(Amount)
-FROM Sales
-GROUP BY Item;
-```
-
-This will concatenate, or "group", all items that are the same into one row, applying the SUM() function on their respective Amounts. The output will then be:
-
-```sql
-Item    SUM(Amount)
-------  ----------
-A        550
-B        400
-```
-
-## Group By with Having Clause
-
-The Group By clause can also be used with the Having keyword. The Having keyword allows you to filter the results of the group function.
-
-For example:
-
-```sql
-SELECT Item, SUM(Amount)
-FROM Sales
-GROUP BY Item
-HAVING SUM(Amount) > 150;
-```
-
-This will return all grouped items where the total amount is more than 150. Hence, the result will be:
-
-```sql
-Item    SUM(Amount)
-------  ----------
-A        550
-B        400
-```
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/103-dml/105-having.md b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/103-dml/105-having.md
deleted file mode 100644
index 59eb1bdb9..000000000
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/103-dml/105-having.md
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,44 +0,0 @@
-# HAVING
-
-`HAVING` is a clause in SQL that allows you to filter result sets in a `GROUP BY` clause. It is used to mention conditions on the groups being selected. In other words, `HAVING` is mainly used with the `GROUP BY` clause to filter the results that a `GROUP BY` returns. 
-
-It’s similar to a `WHERE` clause, but operates on the results of a grouping. The `WHERE` clause places conditions on the selected columns, whereas the `HAVING` clause places conditions on groups created by the `GROUP BY` clause.
-
-## Syntax 
-
-The basic syntax is as follows:
-```sql
-SELECT column_name, function(column_name)
-FROM table_name
-WHERE condition
-GROUP BY column_name
-HAVING function(column_name) condition value;
-```
-
-## Example
-
-Suppose we have a `Sales` table with the following data:
-
-| SaleID | Product | Quantity |
-|--------|---------|----------|
-| 1      | A       | 30       |
-| 2      | B       | 20       |
-| 3      | A       | 100      |
-| 4      | B       | 50       |
-| 5      | C       | 60       |
-| 6      | A       | 70       |
-
-And we want to find products which have total quantity sold more than 100. We can use the `HAVING` clause as follows:
-
-```sql
-SELECT Product, SUM(Quantity) as TotalQuantity
-FROM Sales
-GROUP BY Product
-HAVING TotalQuantity > 100;
-```
-
-In this query,
-
-- `GROUP BY Product` would group the sales figures by Product.
-- `SUM(Quantity)` would calculate total quantity sold for each product.
-- `HAVING TotalQuantity > 100` would filter out the groups which have total quantity sold less than or equal to 100.-
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/103-dml/106-joins.md b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/103-dml/106-joins.md
deleted file mode 100644
index 00cbd89a2..000000000
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/103-dml/106-joins.md
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,50 +0,0 @@
-# JOINs
-
-SQL Joins are used to retrieve data from two or more data tables, based on a related column between them. The key types of JOINs include:
-
-1. INNER JOIN: This type of join returns records with matching values in both tables.
-
-```sql
-SELECT table1.column1, table2.column2...
-FROM table1
-INNER JOIN table2
-ON table1.matching_column = table2.matching_column;
-```
-2. LEFT (OUTER) JOIN: Returns all records from the left table, and matched records from the right table.
-
-```sql
-SELECT table1.column1, table2.column2...
-FROM table1
-LEFT JOIN table2
-ON table1.matching_column = table2.matching_column;
-```
-3. RIGHT (OUTER) JOIN: Returns all records from the right table, and matched records from the left table.
-
-```sql
-SELECT table1.column1, table2.column2...
-FROM table1
-RIGHT JOIN table2
-ON table1.matching_column = table2.matching_column;
-```
-4. FULL (OUTER) JOIN: Returns all records when either a match is found in either left (table1) or right (table2) table records.
-
-```sql
-SELECT table1.column1, table2.column2...
-FROM table1
-FULL JOIN table2
-ON table1.matching_column = table2.matching_column;
-```
-5. SELF JOIN: A self join is a join in which a table is joined with itself.
-
-```sql
-SELECT a.column_name, b.column_name...
-FROM table_name AS a, table_name AS b
-WHERE condition;
-```
-6. CARTESIAN JOIN: If WHERE clause is omitted, the join operation produces a Cartesian product of the tables involved in the join. The size of a Cartesian product result set is the number of rows in the first table multiplied by the number of rows in the second table.
-
-```sql
-SELECT table1.column1, table2.column2...
-FROM table1, table2;
-```
-Each type of JOIN allows for the retrieval of data in different situations, making them flexible and versatile for different SQL queries.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/103-dml/index.md b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/103-dml/index.md
deleted file mode 100644
index ad68436ca..000000000
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/103-dml/index.md
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,41 +0,0 @@
-# Data Manipulation Language (DML)
-
-*DML* is a subcategory of `SQL` which stands for _Data Manipulation Language_. The purpose of DML is to insert, retrieve, update and delete data from the database. With this, we can perform operations on existing records.
-
-DML contains four commands which are:
-
-1. **INSERT INTO** - This command is used to insert new rows (records) into a table.
-
-Example:
-
-```sql
-INSERT INTO table_name ( column1, column2, column3, ... )  
-VALUES ( value1, value2, value3, ... )  
-```
-
-2. **SELECT** - This command is used to select data from a database. The data returned is stored in a result table, called the result-set.
-
-Example:
-
-```sql
-SELECT column1, column2, ... 
-FROM table_name
-```
-
-3. **UPDATE** - This command is used to modify the existing rows in a table.
-
-Example:
-
-```sql
-UPDATE table_name
-SET column1 = value1, column2 = value2, ...
-WHERE condition;
-```
-
-4. **DELETE FROM** - This command is used to delete existing rows (records) from a table.
-
-Example:
-
-```sql
-DELETE FROM table_name WHERE condition;
-```
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/104-aggregate-queries/100-select.md b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/104-aggregate-queries/100-select.md
deleted file mode 100644
index e0fd619ff..000000000
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/104-aggregate-queries/100-select.md
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,73 +0,0 @@
-# SELECT
-
-`SELECT` is one of the most widely used commands in SQL. This command is used to select data from a database. The data returned is stored in a results table, also called the result-set.
-
-## Syntax
-
-The simplest way to use the `SELECT` statement is to return all columns from a table. This can be done with the following syntax:
-
-```sql
-SELECT * FROM table_name;
-```
-
-This will return all fields (columns) of all records (rows) from the table.
-
-If you want to select just certain columns, you can specify them by name, separated by commas:
-
-```sql
-SELECT column_name1, column_name2 FROM table_name;
-```
-
-## SELECT DISTINCT
-
-The `SELECT DISTINCT` statement is used to return only unique values in the output. It can be used to eliminate duplicate values in the returned data.
-
-```sql
-SELECT DISTINCT column_name FROM table_name;
-```
-
-## WHERE Clause
-
-The `WHERE` clause is used to filter records. The `WHERE` clause is used to extract only those records that fulfill a specified condition.
-
-```sql
-SELECT column_name FROM table_name WHERE condition;
-```
-
-## ORDER BY
-
-The `ORDER BY` keyword is used to sort the result-set in ascending or descending order. The `ORDER BY` keyword sorts the records in ascending order by default. If you want to sort the records in descending order, you can use the `DESC` keyword.
-
-```sql
-SELECT column_name FROM table_name ORDER BY column_name ASC|DESC;
-```
-
-## Aggregate Functions
-
-Aggregate functions in SQL are functions where the values of multiple rows are grouped together to form a single value of more significant meaning, such as a list, a set, or a sum. Some examples include `SUM()`, `COUNT()`, `MIN()`, `MAX()`, and `AVG()`.
-
-```sql
-SELECT COUNT(column_name) FROM table_name WHERE condition;
-SELECT AVG(column_name) FROM table_name WHERE condition;
-SELECT SUM(column_name) FROM table_name WHERE condition;
-SELECT MIN(column_name) FROM table_name WHERE condition;
-SELECT MAX(column_name) FROM table_name WHERE condition;
-```
-
-## GROUP BY
-
-The `GROUP BY` statement is often used with aggregate functions (`COUNT`, `MAX`, `MIN`, `SUM`, `AVG`) to group the result-set by one or more columns.
-
-```sql
-SELECT column_name1, COUNT(column_name2) FROM table_name WHERE condition GROUP BY column_name1 ORDER BY COUNT(column_name2) DESC;
-```
-
-## HAVING Clause
-
-The `HAVING` clause was added to SQL because the `WHERE` keyword could not be used with aggregate functions. It works like the WHERE clause but on grouped records.
-
-```sql
-SELECT column_name, COUNT(column_name) FROM table_name GROUP BY column_name HAVING COUNT(column_name) > value;
-```
-
-The above are the most common uses of the `SELECT` keyword in SQL. There are other keywords and functions you can use to manipulate the data as well. These will give you a good start on using `SELECT` in your SQL queries.
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/104-aggregate-queries/101-group-by.md b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/104-aggregate-queries/101-group-by.md
deleted file mode 100644
index b9be5b419..000000000
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/104-aggregate-queries/101-group-by.md
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,57 +0,0 @@
-# GROUP BY
-
-**Group By** is an SQL clause that arranges identical data into groups. It is often used with aggregate functions (COUNT, MAX, MIN, SUM, AVG) to group the result-set by one or multiple columns.
-
-## Syntax:
-
-```sql
-SELECT column1, column2, ..., aggregate_function(column_name)
-FROM table_name
-WHERE condition
-GROUP BY column1, column2, ...;
-```
-
-## Explanation:
-
-- **column1, column2**, these columns are not under the aggregate function or any operation. They will be used to group the data.
-- **aggregate_function(column_name)**, Aggregate functions will apply on the group of the column_name specified, not individual rows.
-- The **WHERE** clause is optional. It adds conditions to select which rows will be grouped.
-
-## Examples:
-
-Here's an example of the **Group By** clause in action. Given is a table **Sales**:
-
-| order_id | product_id | qty | 
-|----------|------------|-----|
-| 1        | 1001       | 20  |
-| 2        | 1002       | 10  |
-| 3        | 1003       | 50  |
-| 4        | 1001       | 10  |
-| 5        | 1002       | 20  |
-| 6        | 1003       | 50  |
-
-## Example 1:
-```sql
-SELECT product_id, SUM(qty)
-FROM SALES
-GROUP BY product_id;
-```
-
-The result will be:
-
-|product_id | SUM(qty)
-|-----------|----------|
-| 1001      | 30       |
-| 1002      | 30       |
-| 1003      | 100      |
-
-## Example 2:
-
-You can perform group by operation on multiple columns. In the below example, 'product_id' and 'order_id' are used to group the data.
-```sql
-SELECT product_id, order_id, SUM(qty)
-FROM SALES
-GROUP BY product_id, order_id;
-```
-
-**Group By** clause can be used with **HAVING** clause to add a condition on grouped data.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/104-aggregate-queries/102-count.md b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/104-aggregate-queries/102-count.md
deleted file mode 100644
index b6188d7b7..000000000
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/104-aggregate-queries/102-count.md
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,29 +0,0 @@
-# COUNT
-
-`COUNT` is a SQL function that returns the number of rows that match a specified criteria. Essentially, `COUNT` function is used when you need to know the count of a record in a certain table's column.
-
-There are two types of count function; `COUNT(*)` and `COUNT(column)`.
-
-- `COUNT(*)` counts all the rows in the target table whether columns contain null values or not.
-
-```sql
-SELECT COUNT(*) FROM table_name;
-```
-
-- `COUNT(column)` counts the rows in the column of a table excluding null. 
-
-```sql
-SELECT COUNT(column_name) FROM table_name;
-```
-
-You may also use `COUNT()` in conjunction with `GROUP BY` to return the count of rows within each group.
-
-A typical example would be:
-
-```sql
-SELECT column_name, COUNT(*) FROM table_name GROUP BY column_name;
-```
-
-Here, `column_name` is the name of the column based on which the rows will be grouped. This query will return the count of rows in each group of `column_name`.
-
-By understanding how to use the `COUNT()` function, you can extract more meaningful data from your tables, and perform analytics and generate reports based on the counts of certain attributes in your database.
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/104-aggregate-queries/102-having.md b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/104-aggregate-queries/102-having.md
deleted file mode 100644
index 6458c9c82..000000000
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/104-aggregate-queries/102-having.md
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,51 +0,0 @@
-# HAVING
-
-The `HAVING` clause is used in combination with the `GROUP BY` clause to filter the results of `GROUP BY`. It is used to mention conditions on the group functions, like `SUM`, `COUNT`, `AVG`, `MAX` or `MIN`.
-
-It's important to note that where `WHERE` clause introduces conditions on individual rows, `HAVING` introduces conditions on groups created by the `GROUP BY` clause.
-
-Also note, `HAVING` applies to summarized group records, whereas `WHERE` applies to individual records.
-
-Syntax:
-
-```sql
-SELECT column_name(s)
-FROM table_name
-WHERE condition
-GROUP BY column_name(s)
-HAVING condition
-ORDER BY column_name(s);
-```
-
-## Example
-
-Consider this "Orders" table:
-
-| OrderID | Customer | Amount |
-|---------|----------|--------|
-| 1       | John     |  1000  |
-| 2       | Mary     | 1500   |
-| 3       | John     | 2000   |
-| 4       | Jane     | 1000   |
-| 5       | Mary     | 2000   |
-| 6       | John     | 3000   |
-| 7       | Jane     | 2000   |
-| 8       | Mary     | 2500   |
-
-For instance, if you wanted to find customers who have spent more than $3000 in total, you might use the `HAVING` clause as follows:
-
-```sql
-SELECT Customer, SUM(Amount)
-FROM Orders
-GROUP BY Customer
-HAVING SUM(Amount) > 3000;
-```
-
-As a result, the query returns:
-
-| Customer | SUM(Amount) |
-|----------|-------------|
-| John     |   6000      |
-| Mary     |   6000      |
-
-In this case, the `HAVING` clause filters out all Customers with a total `Amount` less than or equal to $3000. Only John and Mary have the total sum of `Amount` more than $3000. Thus, only these records satisfy the `HAVING` clause and are included in the result.
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/104-aggregate-queries/103-avg.md b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/104-aggregate-queries/103-avg.md
deleted file mode 100644
index dcc59ff0e..000000000
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/104-aggregate-queries/103-avg.md
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,40 +0,0 @@
-# AVG
-
-The `AVG()` function in SQL is an aggregate function that returns the average value of a numeric column. It calculates the sum of values in a column and then divides it by the count of those values.
-
-Syntax:
-```sql
-SELECT AVG(column_name)
-FROM table_name;
-```
-This statement will return the average value of the specified column.
-
-## Example Usage of AVG:
-
-Consider the following table `Orders`:
-
-| OrderID | CustomerID | Quantity |
-|---------|------------|----------|
-| 1       | A          | 30       |
-| 2       | A          | 40       |
-| 3       | B          | 20       |
-| 4       | B          | 60       |
-| 5       | C          | 50       |
-| 6       | C          | 10       |
-
-Let's calculate the average quantity in the `Orders` table:
-```sql
-SELECT AVG(Quantity) AS AvgQuantity
-FROM Orders;
-```
-The result is 35. This value is the average of all `Quantity` values in the table.
-
-It's also possible to group the average function by one or more columns. For example, to find the average quantity of order per customer, we can write:
-```sql
-SELECT CustomerID, AVG(Quantity) as AvgQuantity
-FROM Orders
-GROUP BY CustomerID;
-```
-It will calculate the average quantity for each customer and display the result along with the associated customer's ID.
-
-> Note: The `AVG()` function works only with numeric data types (`INT`, `FLOAT`, `DECIMAL`, etc.). It will return an error if used with non-numeric data types.
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/104-aggregate-queries/104-min.md b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/104-aggregate-queries/104-min.md
deleted file mode 100644
index f89c7c8e4..000000000
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/104-aggregate-queries/104-min.md
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,57 +0,0 @@
-# MIN
-
-`MIN` is an SQL aggregate function used to return the smallest value in a selected column. It is useful in querying tables where users want to identify the smallest or least available value in datasets. `MIN` ignores any null values in the dataset.
-
-Syntax: 
-
-```sql
-SELECT MIN(column_name)
-FROM table_name
-WHERE condition;
-```
-
-In the case where `column_name` belongs to a numeric data type (Integers, Float, etc.), `MIN` returns the smallest numeric value in the column. 
-
-If `column_name` belongs to datetime types (Date, Time, etc.), `MIN` returns the earliest date or time.
-
-If `column_name` belongs to string types (Char, Text, etc.), `MIN` returns the lowest value in lexicographic order (similar to alphabetic order).
-
-## Examples:
-
-Consider a table, named `Orders`, with the following layout:
-
-| OrderID | CustomerID | OrderDate |
-|---------|-------------|------------|
-| 1           | C01           | 2020-10-10 |
-| 2           | C02           | 2020-09-05 |
-| 3           | C01           | 2020-08-21 |
-
-1. To find the earliest order date in the `Orders` table, the `MIN` function is used in the following way:
-
-```sql
-SELECT MIN(OrderDate) AS EarliestOrder
-FROM Orders;
-```
-
-The result of this query will be `2020-08-21`.
-
-2. Suppose we have a Prices table with items and their prices. To find the lowest price, use:
-
-```sql
-SELECT MIN(price) AS LowestPrice
-FROM Prices;
-```
-
-This query will return the smallest value in the price column.
-
-One important usage is when it is used along with the `GROUP BY` clause to find the minimum value in each group. 
-
-Example, to find the earliest order date for each customer:
-
-```sql
-SELECT CustomerID, MIN(OrderDate) AS EarliestOrder
-FROM Orders
-GROUP BY CustomerID;
-```
-
-This query will return the earliest order date for each customer.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/104-aggregate-queries/105-max.md b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/104-aggregate-queries/105-max.md
deleted file mode 100644
index f744089f2..000000000
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/104-aggregate-queries/105-max.md
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,37 +0,0 @@
-# MAX
-
-The `MAX()` function in SQL is used to return the maximum value of an expression in a SELECT statement. 
-
-It can be used for numeric, character, and datetime column data types. If there are null values, then they are not considered for comparison.
-
-## Syntax
-
-```sql
-SELECT MAX(column_name)
-FROM table_name
-WHERE condition;
-```
-
-In this syntax, the `column_name` argument is the column in the `table_name` that you wish to find the maximum value of.
-
-## Example
-
-Consider the following Employee table:
-
-| ID | NAME     | SALARY |
-|----|----------|--------|
-| 1  | John     | 1000   |
-| 2  | Robert   | 2000   |
-| 3  | Jim      | 3000   |
-| 4  | Jessica  | 2500   |
-
-To find the highest salary amongst all the employees, you would use the `MAX()` function as follows:
-
-```sql
-SELECT MAX(SALARY) AS "Highest Salary"
-FROM Employee;
-```
-
-The above SQL returns `3000` as it’s the highest salary in the Employee table.
-
-Warning: SQL `MAX()` function will only return a single row as a result. If multiple rows hold the highest value and if you want to get all these rows, you should not use `MAX()`. A better option would be sorting the column and then `LIMIT` the result just to the first row.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/104-aggregate-queries/index.md b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/104-aggregate-queries/index.md
deleted file mode 100644
index 14abe37a4..000000000
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/104-aggregate-queries/index.md
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,80 +0,0 @@
-# Aggregate Queries
-
-SQL aggregate functions are inbuilt functions that are used to perform some calculation on the data and return a single value. This is why they form the basis for "aggregate queries". These functions operate on a set of rows and return a single summarized result.
-
-## Common Aggregate Functions
-
-**1. COUNT()**
-   
-Counts the number of rows. 
-
-   ```sql
-   SELECT COUNT(column_name) 
-   FROM table_name 
-   WHERE condition;
-   ```
-   
-**2. SUM()**
-   
-Returns the sum of a numeric column.
-   
-   ```sql
-   SELECT SUM(column_name) 
-   FROM table_name 
-   WHERE condition;
-   ```
-
-**3. AVG()**
-   
-Returns the average value of a numeric column.
-
-   ```sql
-   SELECT AVG(column_name) 
-   FROM table_name 
-   WHERE condition;
-   ```
-
-**4. MIN()**
-   
-Returns the smallest value of the selected column.
-
-   ```sql
-   SELECT MIN(column_name) 
-   FROM table_name 
-   WHERE condition;
-   ```
-   
-**5. MAX()**
-   
-Returns the largest value of the selected column.
-
-   ```sql
-   SELECT MAX(column_name) 
-   FROM table_name 
-   WHERE condition;
-   ```
-
-These functions ignore NULL values.
-
-## GROUP BY and HAVING Clauses
-
-To separate the results into groups of accumulated data, you can use the GROUP BY clause.
-   
-```sql
-SELECT column1, aggregate_function(column2)
-FROM table
-GROUP BY column1;
-```
-
-"A group" is represented by ROW(s) that have the same value in the specific column(s). The GROUP BY clause can be used in a SELECT statement to collect data across multiple records and group by some columns.
-
-The HAVING clause is used with the GROUP BY clause, it applies to summarized group records, unlike the 'where' clause. It was added to SQL because the WHERE keyword could not be used with aggregate functions.
-   
-```sql
-SELECT column1, aggregate_function(column2)
-FROM table
-GROUP BY column1
-HAVING conditions;
-```
-
-Aggregate queries are simply a way of summarizing information in your database. Although they are a powerful tool, they can become complex very quickly, especially if you start nesting them together or combining multiple aggregate functions in a single query.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/105-data-constraints/101-foreign-key.md b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/105-data-constraints/101-foreign-key.md
deleted file mode 100644
index acc557947..000000000
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/105-data-constraints/101-foreign-key.md
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,37 +0,0 @@
-# Foreign Key
-
-A foreign key is a key used to link two tables together. It is a field (or collection of fields) in one table that refers to the primary key in another table. The table with the foreign key is called the child table, and the one with the primary key is called the referenced or parent table.
-
-## Basic Syntax
-
-The SQL used to add a foreign key constraint is:
-
-```sql
-ALTER TABLE child_table
-ADD FOREIGN KEY (fk_column)
-REFERENCES parent_table (parent_key_column)
-```
-
-Where:
-- `child_table` is the table where you want to add the foreign key
-- `fk_column` is the field in the child table that you want to use as foreign key
-- `parent_table` is the table being referenced by the foreign key
-- `parent_key_column` is the column in `parent_table` that `fk_column` points to
-
-## Example
-
-Suppose we have two tables, `Orders` and `Customers` where `Orders` table has a column `customer_id` that should point to a Customer. If `Customers` has a `customer_id` column as the primary key then you can create a foreign key as follows
-
-```sql
-ALTER TABLE Orders
-ADD FOREIGN KEY (customer_id)
-REFERENCES Customers (customer_id);
-```
-
-This means that for every row in `Orders`, the `customer_id` value must match a value in the `Customers` table, ensuring data integrity.
-
-## Note
-
-Please note that MySQL requires you to have the foreign key columns be indexed for performance reasons. If they aren't indexed already, the `FOREIGN KEY` constraint will implicitly index them for you. Also, a significant thing to note is, InnoDB does not support the 'foreign key check' in CREATE TABLE statements, instead, you must use ALTER TABLE after the table has been created.
-
-Not all database systems support all types of keys, and different systems support different syntax for them. The examples above are in SQL syntax, which is supported by most databases.
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/105-data-constraints/103-not-null.md b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/105-data-constraints/103-not-null.md
deleted file mode 100644
index f45812c8f..000000000
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/105-data-constraints/103-not-null.md
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,40 +0,0 @@
-# NOT NULL
-
-The `NOT NULL` constraint in SQL ensures that a column cannot have a NULL value. Thus, every row/record must contain a value for that column. It is a way to enforce certain fields to be mandatory while inserting records or updating records in a table.
-
-For instance, if you're designing a table for employee data, you might want to ensure that the employee's `id` and `name` are always provided. In this case, you'd use the `NOT NULL` constraint.
-
-## Creating a table with NOT NULL
-
-Here's an example of how you would define a `NOT NULL` constraint when creating a table:
-
-```sql
-CREATE TABLE Employees (
-    ID int NOT NULL,
-    Name varchar(255) NOT NULL,
-    Age int,
-    Address varchar(255)
-);
-```
-
-In this example, the `ID` and `Name` fields are mandatory for each record.
-
-## Adding NOT NULL to an existing table
-
-You can also add a `NOT NULL` constraint to an existing table using the `ALTER TABLE` statement. However, make sure there are no NULL values in the column before adding the `NOT NULL` constraint.
-
-Here's an example:
-
-```sql
-ALTER TABLE Employees
-MODIFY Address varchar(255) NOT NULL;
-```
-
-This command will modify the table `Employees` and set the `Address` column to be `NOT NULL`.
-
-**Note:** In some SQL systems like PostgreSQL, you use the `ALTER TABLE` command followed by `SET NOT NULL`. 
-
----
-
-Be aware that if you try to insert a record without a value for a `NOT NULL` column, the database will return an error and the operation will fail.
-Ensure data compatibility before setting the `NOT NULL` constraint.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/105-data-constraints/104-check.md b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/105-data-constraints/104-check.md
deleted file mode 100644
index 008b0d8ba..000000000
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/105-data-constraints/104-check.md
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,64 +0,0 @@
-# CHECK
-
-In SQL, `CHECK` is a constraint that limits the value range that can be placed in a column. It enforces domain integrity by limiting the values in a column to meet a certain condition.
-
-`CHECK` constraint can be used in a column definition when you create or modify a table.
-
-## Syntax
-
-To use the `CHECK` constraint, you can follow this syntax:
-
-```sql
-CREATE TABLE table_name (
-    column1 datatype CONSTRAINT constraint_name CHECK (condition),
-    column2 datatype,
-    ...
-);
-```
-
-If you need to apply the `CHECK` constraint on multiple columns, use the following syntax: 
-
-```sql
-CREATE TABLE table_name (
-    column1 datatype,
-    column2 datatype,
-    ...,
-    CONSTRAINT constraint_name CHECK (condition)
-);
-```
-
-## Examples
-
-Here is an example of applying a `CHECK` constraint on a single column:
-
-```sql
-CREATE TABLE Employees (
-    ID int NOT NULL,
-    Age int,
-    Salary int CHECK (Salary>0),
-);
-```
-
-Above SQL statement ensures that the salary of all employees in the Employees table must be more than 0.
-
-Here is an example of applying a `CHECK` constraint on multiple columns:
-
-```sql
-CREATE TABLE Employees (
-    ID int NOT NULL,
-    Age int,
-    Salary int,
-    CONSTRAINT CHK_Person CHECK (Age>=18 AND Salary>=0)
-);
-```
-
-Above SQL ensures that the persons' age must be greater than or equal to 18, and their salary is more than or equal to 0.
-
-It is also possible to use the `ALTER TABLE` command to add a `CHECK` constraint after the table has been created.
-
-```sql
-ALTER TABLE Employees
-ADD CONSTRAINT CHK_EmployeeAge CHECK (Age >= 21 AND Age <= 60);
-```
-
-Above SQL ensures that the employees' age must be between 21 and 60.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/105-data-constraints/index.md b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/105-data-constraints/index.md
deleted file mode 100644
index 55f812ea8..000000000
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/105-data-constraints/index.md
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,93 +0,0 @@
-# Data Constraints
-
-Data constraints in SQL are used to specify rules for the data in a table. Constraints are used to limit the type of data that can go into a table. This ensures the accuracy and reliability of the data in the table.
-
-## Types of SQL Data Constraints
-
-1. **NOT NULL Constraint**: Ensures that a column cannot have a NULL value.
-
-    For Example:
-
-    ```sql
-    CREATE TABLE Students (
-        ID int NOT NULL,
-        Name varchar(255) NOT NULL,
-        Age int
-    );
-    ```
-
-2. **UNIQUE Constraint**: Ensures that all values in a column are different.
-
-    For Example:
-
-    ```sql
-    CREATE TABLE Students (
-        ID int NOT NULL UNIQUE,
-        Name varchar(255) NOT NULL,
-        Age int
-    );
-    ```
-
-3. **PRIMARY KEY Constraint**: Uniquely identifies each record in a database table. Primary keys must contain UNIQUE values. Exactly the same as the UNIQUE constraint but there can be many unique constraints in a table, but only one PRIMARY KEY constraint per table.
-
-    For Example:
-
-    ```sql
-    CREATE TABLE Students (
-        ID int NOT NULL,
-        Name varchar(255) NOT NULL,
-        Age int,
-        PRIMARY KEY (ID)
-    );
-    ```
-
-4. **FOREIGN KEY Constraint**: Prevents actions that would destroy links between tables. A FOREIGN KEY is a field (or collection of fields) in one table that refers to the PRIMARY KEY in another table.
-
-    For Example:
-
-    ```sql
-    CREATE TABLE Orders (
-        OrderID int NOT NULL,
-        OrderNumber int NOT NULL,
-        ID int,
-        PRIMARY KEY (OrderID),
-        FOREIGN KEY (ID) REFERENCES Students(ID)
-    );
-    ```
-
-5. **CHECK Constraint**: The CHECK constraint ensures that all values in a column satisfies certain conditions.
-
-    For Example:
-
-    ```sql
-    CREATE TABLE Students (
-        ID int NOT NULL,
-        Name varchar(255) NOT NULL,
-        Age int,
-        CHECK (Age>=18)
-    );
-    ```
-
-6. **DEFAULT Constraint**: Provides a default value for a column when none is specified.
-
-    For Example:
-
-    ```sql
-    CREATE TABLE Students (
-        ID int NOT NULL,
-        Name varchar(255) NOT NULL,
-        Age int,
-        City varchar(255) DEFAULT 'Unknown'
-    );
-    ```
-
-7. **INDEX Constraint**: Used to create and retrieve data from the database very quickly.
-
-    For Example:
-
-    ```sql
-    CREATE INDEX idx_name 
-    ON Students (Name);
-    ```
-
-     Note: Indexes are not a part of the SQL standard and are not supported by all databases.
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/106-join-queries/100-inner-join.md b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/106-join-queries/100-inner-join.md
deleted file mode 100644
index d80a2ba1d..000000000
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/106-join-queries/100-inner-join.md
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,58 +0,0 @@
-# INNER JOIN
-
-An `INNER JOIN` in SQL is a type of join that returns the records with matching values in both tables. This operation compares each row of the first table with each row of the second table to find all pairs of rows that satisfy the join predicate.
-
-Few things to consider in case of `INNER JOIN`:
-
-- It is a default join in SQL. If you mention `JOIN` in your query without specifying the type, SQL considers it as an `INNER JOIN`.
-- It returns only the matching rows from both the tables.
-- If there is no match, the returned is an empty result.
-
-## Syntax
-
-Here is the syntax for an SQL `INNER JOIN`:
-
-```sql
-SELECT column_name(s)
-FROM table1
-INNER JOIN table2
-ON table1.column_name = table2.column_name;
-```
-
-The `INNER JOIN` keyword selects records that have matching values in both tables.
-
-## Example
-
-Consider two tables:
-
-**Table1: `Orders`**
-
-|OrderID|CustomerID|OrderAmount|
-|-------|----------|-----------|
-|1      |100       |30         |
-|2      |101       |40         |
-|3      |102       |50         |
-
-**Table2: `Customers`**
-
-|CustomerID|Name    |Country  |
-|----------|--------|---------|
-|100       |Ana     |Germany  |
-|101       |Ben     |USA      |
-|103       |Charlie |Australia|
-
-Now, if you want to select all orders, and any matching customer information:
-
-```sql
-SELECT Orders.OrderID, Customers.CustomerName, Orders.OrderAmount
-FROM Orders
-INNER JOIN Customers
-ON Orders.CustomerID = Customers.CustomerID;
-```
-
-This would produce the following result:
-
-|OrderID|Name|OrderAmount|
-|-------|----|-----------|
-|1      |Ana |30         |
-|2      |Ben |40         |
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/106-join-queries/101-left-join.md b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/106-join-queries/101-left-join.md
deleted file mode 100644
index 6523aba53..000000000
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/106-join-queries/101-left-join.md
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,30 +0,0 @@
-# LEFT JOIN
-
-The SQL LEFT JOIN combines rows from two or more tables based on a related column between them and returns all rows from the left table (table1) and the matched rows from the right table (table2). If there is no match, the result is `NULL` on the right side.
-
-## Syntax
-```
-SELECT column_name(s)
-FROM table1
-LEFT JOIN table2
-ON table1.column_name = table2.column_name;
-```
-
-## How SQL LEFT JOIN Works
-
-The `LEFT JOIN` keyword returns all records from the left table (table1), and the matched records from the right table (table2). The result is `NULL` from the right side, if there is no match.
-
-![LEFT JOIN Diagram](https://www.w3schools.com/sql/img_leftjoin.gif)
-
-## SQL LEFT JOIN Example
-
-Let's assume we have two tables: `Orders` and `Customers`.
-
-```sql
-SELECT Orders.OrderID, Customers.CustomerName
-FROM Orders
-LEFT JOIN Customers
-ON Orders.CustomerID = Customers.CustomerID;
-```
-
-This SQL statement would return all OrderID and the matching CustomerName. If there is no match, the result is `NULL`.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/106-join-queries/103-full-outer-join.md b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/106-join-queries/103-full-outer-join.md
deleted file mode 100644
index 354342d39..000000000
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/106-join-queries/103-full-outer-join.md
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,63 +0,0 @@
-# FULL OUTER JOIN
-
-A `FULL OUTER JOIN` in SQL is a method to combine rows from two or more tables, based on a related column between them. It returns all rows from the left table (`table1`) and from the right table (`table2`). 
-
-The `FULL OUTER JOIN` keyword combines the results of both left and right outer joins and returns all (matched or unmatched) rows from the tables on both sides of the join clause.
-
-If there are records in the "Customers" table that do not have matches in the "Orders" table, those will be included. Also, if there are records in the "Orders" table that do not have matches in the "Customers" table, those will be included.
-
-## Syntax
-
-```
-SELECT column_name(s)
-FROM table1
-FULL OUTER JOIN table2
-ON table1.column_name = table2.column_name;
-```
-
-## Code Example
-
-Consider the following two tables:
-
-**Table1: Customers**
-
-| ID | Name  |
-|----|-------|
-| 1  | Tom   |
-| 2  | Lucy  |
-| 3  | Steve |
-| 4  | Dave  |
-
-**Table2: Orders**
-
-| OrderID | CustomerID | Product  |
-|---------|------------|----------|
-| 1       | 3          | Apple    |
-| 2       | 3          | Banana   |
-| 3       | 1          | Orange   |
-| 4       | 2          | Mango    |
-| 5       | 7          | Blueberry|
-
-A `FULL OUTER JOIN` query would look like this:
-
-```
-SELECT Customers.Name, Orders.Product
-FROM Customers
-FULL OUTER JOIN Orders
-ON Customers.ID = Orders.CustomerID
-ORDER BY Customers.Name;
-```
-
-The result-set will look like this:
-
-| Name  | Product  |
-|-------|----------|
-| Tom   | Orange   |
-| Lucy  | Mango    |
-| Steve | Apple    |
-| Steve | Banana   |
-| NULL  | Blueberry|
-| Dave  | NULL     |
-
-This response includes all customers and all orders. If no matching orders exist for a customer, or if no matching customer exists for an order, the missing side will contain NULL.
-For example, Dave made no orders (his details in the product column are NULL) and the Blueberry order was made by a non-existing customer (the customer's details are NULL in the name column).
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/106-join-queries/105-cross-join.md b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/106-join-queries/105-cross-join.md
deleted file mode 100644
index 722523e81..000000000
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/106-join-queries/105-cross-join.md
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,37 +0,0 @@
-# Cross Join
-
-The cross join in SQL is used to combine every row of the first table with every row of the second table. It's also known as the Cartesian product of the two tables. The most important aspect of performing a cross join is that it does not require any condition to join.
-
-The issue with cross join is it returns the Cartesian product of the two tables, which can result in large numbers of rows and heavy resource usage. It's hence critical to use them wisely and only when necessary.
-
-## Syntax
-
-Here's the generic syntax for implementing a CROSS JOIN:
-
-```sql
-SELECT column_name(s)
-FROM table1
-CROSS JOIN table2;
-```
-
-You can alternatively use the below syntax to achieve the same result:
-
-```sql
-SELECT column_name(s)
-FROM table1, table2;
-```
-Both syntax return the Cartesian product of `table1` and `table2`. 
-
-## Example of CROSS JOIN
-
-Let's consider two tables, `Employees` and `Departments`, where `Employees` has columns `EmpID, EmpName, DeptID` and `Departments` has columns `DeptID, DeptName`.
-
-A cross join query would look like this:
-
-```sql
-SELECT Employees.EmpName, Departments.DeptName
-FROM Employees 
-CROSS JOIN Departments;
-```
-
-This statement will return a result set which is the combination of each row from `Employees` with each row from `Departments`.
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/106-join-queries/index.md b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/106-join-queries/index.md
deleted file mode 100644
index eef300fae..000000000
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/106-join-queries/index.md
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,69 +0,0 @@
-# SQL JOIN Queries
-
-JOIN clause is used to combine rows from two or more tables, based on a related column between them.
-
-## INNER JOIN:
-
-Inner join returns records that have matching values in both tables. For example:
-
-```sql
-SELECT Orders.OrderID, Customers.CustomerName
-FROM Orders
-INNER JOIN Customers 
-ON Orders.CustomerID = Customers.CustomerID;
-```
-
-## LEFT (OUTER) JOIN:
-
-Returns all records from the left table, and the matched records from the right table. Also returns NULL if there is no match. Example:
-
-```sql
-SELECT Customers.CustomerName, Orders.OrderID
-FROM Customers
-LEFT JOIN Orders 
-ON Customers.CustomerID = Orders.CustomerID;
-```
-
-## RIGHT (OUTER) JOIN:
-
-Returns all records from the right table, and the matched records from the left table. Also returns null if there is no match. Example:
-
-```sql
-SELECT Orders.OrderID, Customers.CustomerName
-FROM Orders
-RIGHT JOIN Customers 
-ON Orders.CustomerID = Customers.CustomerID;
-```
-## FULL (OUTER) JOIN:
-
-Returns all records when there is a match in either left (table1) or right (table2) table records.  Also returns null if there is no match. Example:
-
-```sql
-SELECT Customers.CustomerName, Orders.OrderID
-FROM Customers
-FULL OUTER JOIN Orders 
-ON Customers.CustomerID = Orders.CustomerID;
-```
-## SELF JOIN:
-
-Self join is a regular join, but the table is joined with itself. Example:
-
-```sql
-SELECT A.CustomerName AS CustomerName1, B.CustomerName AS CustomerName2, A.City
-FROM Customers A, Customers B
-WHERE A.CustomerID <> B.CustomerID
-AND A.City = B.City;
-```
-
-## NATURAL JOIN:
-
-The natural join is akin to an inner join, automatically linking two columns based on identical names.
-Note: Columns should have same data type in both tables
-
-```sql
-SELECT *
-FROM Customers
-NATURAL JOIN Orders;
-```
-
-**Note**: JOINS can be used with SELECT, UPDATE, and DELETE statements.
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/107-sub-queries/100-types/101-column.md b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/107-sub-queries/100-types/101-column.md
deleted file mode 100644
index 7a6c08b33..000000000
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/107-sub-queries/100-types/101-column.md
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,39 +0,0 @@
-# Column
-
-In SQL, columns are used to categorize the data in a table. A column serves as a structure that stores a specific type of data (ints, str, bool, etc.) in a table. Each column in a table is designed with a type, which configures the data that it can hold. Using the right column types and size can help to maintain data integrity and optimize performance. 
-
-## **Common SQL Column Types**
-
-1. **CHAR(n)** - It is a fixed-length character string that holds `n` characters. The size can be 1 to 255. For example,
-    ```sql
-    CREATE TABLE Employee(ID CHAR(25));
-    ```
-
-2. **VARCHAR(n)** - A variable-length character string up to `n` characters where `n` can be from 1 to 255. For example,
-    ```sql
-    CREATE TABLE Employee(ID VARCHAR(100));
-    ```
-
-3. **INT** - This type is used for integers. For example,
-    ```sql
-    CREATE TABLE Customers(Age INT);
-    ```
-
-4. **DECIMAL(p,s)** - This is a decimal type used for precision and scale. `p` represents the total number of digits and `s` for numbers after the decimal. For example,
-    ```sql
-    CREATE TABLE Products(Price DECIMAL(5,2));
-    ```
-
-5. **DATE** - This type is used for date format 'YYYY-MM-DD'. For example,
-    ```sql
-    CREATE TABLE Orders(OrderedDate DATE);
-    ```
-
-6. **BOOL** - It stores Boolean data types. It can only take `True` or `False` values. For example,
-    ```sql
-    CREATE TABLE Users(IsActive BOOL);
-    ```
-
-In SQL, the column type helps in interpreting what kind of data to store in which column, whether it's number, text, date, or logical data. Remember, a table contains multiple columns and each column should have its unique name. 
-
-When creating a table, you should specify the column names, types, and maximum length of the type [if required].
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/107-sub-queries/100-types/index.md b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/107-sub-queries/100-types/index.md
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index f3907ab89..000000000
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/107-sub-queries/100-types/index.md
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,62 +0,0 @@
-# Types of Sub Queries
-
-Subqueries, sometimes referred to as inner queries or nested queries, are queries that are embedded within the clause of another SQL query. There are different types of SQL subqueries that are frequently used including Scalar, Row, Column, and Table subqueries. 
-
-## Scalar Subqueries
-
-A scalar subquery is a query that returns exactly one column with a single value. This type of subquery can be used anywhere in your SQL where expressions are allowed.
-
-Example:
-
-```sql
-    SELECT column_name [, column_name ]
-    FROM   table1 [, table2 ]
-    WHERE  column_name operator
-           (SELECT column_name [, column_name ]
-            FROM table_name 
-            WHERE condition);
-```
-
-## Row Subqueries
-
-Row subqueries are used to return one or more rows to the outer SQL select query. However, the subquery returns multiple columns and rows, so it cannot be directly used where scalar expressions are used.
-
-Example:
-
-```sql
-    SELECT column_name [, column_name ]
-    FROM   table1 [, table2 ]
-    WHERE  (column_name [, column_name ])
-          IN (SELECT column_name [, column_name ]
-              FROM table_name 
-              WHERE condition);
-```
-
-## Column Subqueries 
-
-Column Subqueries are used to return one or more columns to the outer SQL select query. They are used when the subquery is expected to return more than one column to the main query.
-
-Example:
-
-```sql
-    SELECT column_name [, column_name ]
-    FROM   table1 [, table2 ]
-    WHERE  (SELECT column_name [, column_name ]
-            FROM table_name 
-            WHERE condition);
-```
-
-## Table Subqueries 
-
-Table subqueries are used in the FROM clause and return a table that can be used as a table-reference in an SQL statement. They come in handy when you want to perform operations such as joining multiple tables, union data from multiple sources, etc.
-
-Example:
-
-```sql
-    SELECT column_name [, column_name ]
-    FROM
-        (SELECT column_name [, column_name ]
-         FROM   table1 [, table2 ])
-    WHERE  condition;
-```
-Remember that not all SQL databases support all types of subqueries. Learning how and when to utilize each form is an essential aspect of constructing effective SQL queries.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/107-sub-queries/101-nested-subqueries.md b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/107-sub-queries/101-nested-subqueries.md
deleted file mode 100644
index fa11ba0e5..000000000
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/107-sub-queries/101-nested-subqueries.md
+++ /dev/null
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-# Nested Subqueries
-
-In SQL, a subquery is a query that is nested inside a main query. If a subquery is nested inside another subquery, it is called a nested subquery. They can be used in SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE statements or inside another subquery.
-
-Nested subqueries can get complicated quickly, but they are essential for performing complex database tasks.
-
-## Basic Syntax:
-
-```sql
-SELECT column_name [, column_name ]
-FROM   table1 [, table2 ]
-WHERE  column_name OPERATOR
-   (SELECT column_name [, column_name ]
-   FROM table1 [, table2 ]
-   [WHERE])
-```
-
-## How They Work:
-
-In a nested subquery, the inner subquery will run first and its result will be used to run the outer query.
-
-## Example:
-
-Here's an example where we want to find the customer names who made orders above the average order amount.
-
-```sql
-SELECT CustomerName,Country
-FROM Customers
-WHERE CustomerID IN
-    (SELECT CustomerID 
-     FROM Orders
-     WHERE Amount>(SELECT AVG(Amount) 
-                    FROM Orders))
-```
-
-In the above code:
-
-- The innermost query calculates the average order amount.
-- The middle subquery finds the `CustomerID`s from the `Orders` table where the order `Amount` is greater than the average.
-- The outer query then gets the `CustomerName` from the `Customers` table where the `CustomerID` is in the list of `CustomerID`s fetched from the middle subquery.
-
-These are the basic aspects of nested subqueries in SQL. They can go as deep as the task requires, but keep in mind that too many nested subqueries can cause performance issues.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/107-sub-queries/102-correlated-subqueries.md b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/107-sub-queries/102-correlated-subqueries.md
deleted file mode 100644
index acf9a51cc..000000000
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/107-sub-queries/102-correlated-subqueries.md
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,33 +0,0 @@
-# Correlated Subqueries
-
-In SQL, a correlated subquery is a subquery that uses values from the outer query in its WHERE clause. The correlated subquery is evaluated once for each row processed by the outer query. It exists because it depends on the outer query and it cannot execute independently of the outer query because the subquery is correlated with the outer query as it uses its column in its WHERE clause.
-
-## Syntax:
-
-```sql
-SELECT column_name [, column_name...]
-FROM   table1 [, table2...]
-WHERE  column_name OPERATOR
-  (SELECT column_name [, column_name...]
-   FROM table_name
-   WHERE condition [table1.column_name = table2.column_name...]);
-```
-
-## Code Example
-
-For instance, if you want to get the employees whose salaries are above their department's average salaries, it can be queried with a correlated subquery as follows:
-
-```sql
-SELECT e1.employee_name, e1.salary
-FROM employee e1
-WHERE salary > 
-   (SELECT AVG(salary)
-   FROM employee e2
-   WHERE e1.department = e2.department);
-```
-
-In the example above, the correlated subquery (the inner query) calculates the average salary for each department. The outer query then compares the salary of each employee to the average salary of their respective department. It returns the employees whose salaries are above their department's average. The correlated subquery is executed once for each row selected by the outer query. 
-
-Also note that `e1` and `e2` are the aliases of the `employee` table so that we can use it in both the inner query and outer query. Here, `e2.department` in the inner query comes from the outer query's `e1.department`. 
-
-Thus, a correlated subquery is a subquery that depends on the outer SQL query for its values. This means that the subquery is run once for every Row in the outer query, often resulting in quite a bit of processing, and thus slower results.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/108-advanced-sql-functions/100-numeric.md b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/108-advanced-sql-functions/100-numeric.md
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index 76b2fc971..000000000
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/108-advanced-sql-functions/100-numeric.md
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,71 +0,0 @@
-# Numeric
-
-SQL numeric functions are used to perform operations on numeric data types such as integer, decimal, and float. They're fundamental in manipulating data in SQL commands and are commonly used in `SELECT`, `UPDATE`, `DELETE` and `INSERT` statements.
-
-## Examples of SQL Numeric Functions:
-
-1. **ABS() Function:** This function returns the absolute (positive) value of a number. 
-
-```sql
-SELECT ABS(-243);
-```
-Output:
-
-    243
-
-2. **Avg() Function:** This function returns the average value of a column.
-
-```sql
-SELECT AVG(price) FROM products;
-```
-
-3. **COUNT() Function:** This function returns the number of rows that matches a specified criterion.
-
-```sql
-SELECT COUNT(productID) FROM products;
-```
-
-4. **SUM() Function:** This function returns the total sum of a numeric column.
-
-```sql
-SELECT SUM(price) FROM products;
-```
-
-5. **MIN() & MAX() Functions:** MIN() function returns the smallest value of the selected column, and MAX() function returns the largest value of the selected column.
-
-```sql
-SELECT MIN(price) FROM products;
-SELECT MAX(price) FROM products;
-```
-
-6. **ROUND() Function:** This function is used to round a numeric field to the nearest integer, you can, however, specify the number of decimals to be returned.
-
-```sql
-SELECT ROUND(price, 2) FROM products;
-```
-
-7. **CEILING() Function:** This function returns the smallest integer which is greater than, or equal to, the specified numeric expression.
-
-```sql
-SELECT CEILING(price) FROM products;
-```
-
-8. **FLOOR() Function:** This function returns the largest integer which is less than, or equal to, the specified numeric expression.
-
-```sql
-SELECT FLOOR(price) FROM products;
-```
-
-9. **SQRT() Function:** This function returns the square root of a number.
-
-```sql
-SELECT SQRT(price) FROM products;
-```
-
-10. **PI() Function:** This function returns the constant Pi. 
-
-```sql
-SELECT PI();
-```
-
-These are just a few examples, SQL supports many more mathematical functions such as SIN, COS, TAN, COT, POWER, etc. Understanding and using these SQL numeric functions allows you to perform complex operations on the numeric data in your SQL tables.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/108-advanced-sql-functions/101-string/100-concat.md b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/108-advanced-sql-functions/101-string/100-concat.md
deleted file mode 100644
index c8194fa0c..000000000
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/108-advanced-sql-functions/101-string/100-concat.md
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,41 +0,0 @@
-# CONCAT
-
-`CONCAT` is a SQL function that allows you to concatenate, or join, two or more strings together. This is extremely useful whenever you need to combine text from multiple columns into a single column.
-
-The syntax for the `CONCAT` function is quite simple:
-
-```sql
-CONCAT(string1, string2, ..., string_n)
-```
-
-This function accepts as input any number of string arguments, from two to as many as needed, and returns a new string which is the result of all the input strings joined together. The strings are concatenated in the order in which they are passed to the function.
-
-Here's a simple example:
-
-```sql
-SELECT CONCAT('Hello', ' ', 'World');
-```
-
-This will return the string:
-
-```
-'Hello World'
-```
-
-You can also use `CONCAT` with columns from a table:
-
-```sql
-SELECT CONCAT(first_name, ' ', last_name) AS full_name
-FROM employees;
-```
-
-The above query will return a new column `full_name` which is the result of `first_name` and `last_name` with a space in between. If `first_name` is 'John' and `last_name` is 'Doe', the returned full name would be 'John Doe'.
-
-However, keep in mind that `CONCAT` will return `NULL` if any of the input strings is `NULL`. To avoid this, you can use the `CONCAT_WS` function which accepts a separator as the first argument and then a list of strings to concatenate.
-
-```sql
-SELECT CONCAT_WS(' ', first_name, last_name) AS full_name
-FROM employees;
-```
-
-The `CONCAT_WS` function will ignore any `NULL` values, only joining the non-NULL values with the provided separator. Hence, 'John NULL' would become just 'John'.
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/108-advanced-sql-functions/101-string/101-length.md b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/108-advanced-sql-functions/101-string/101-length.md
deleted file mode 100644
index 0bbf66797..000000000
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/108-advanced-sql-functions/101-string/101-length.md
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,53 +0,0 @@
-# LENGTH
-
-In SQL, `LENGTH` is a built-in function that allows you to find the number of characters in a string or the length of a string.
-
-Syntax:
-
-```sql
-LENGTH ( string )
-```
-Here, `string` can be any string literal, column or expression resulting in a string.
-
-## Examples
-
-Consider an "employees" table:
-
-| id | first_name | last_name |
-|----|------------|-----------|
-| 1  | John       | Doe       |
-| 2  | Jane       | Smith     |
-| 3  | Alice      | Murphy    |
-
-To compute the length of the first_name field for all records, use the following SQL statement:
-```sql
-SELECT first_name, LENGTH(first_name) as length_of_first_name
-FROM employees;
-```
-Output:
-
-| first_name | length_of_first_name |
-|------------|----------------------|
-| John       | 4                    |
-| Jane       | 4                    |
-| Alice      | 5                    |
-
-## Usage with DISTINCT
-`LENGTH` can also be used in conjunction with `DISTINCT` to find the number of distinct lengths of a specific field. 
-```sql
-SELECT DISTINCT LENGTH(first_name) as distinct_length_of_first_name
-FROM employees;
-```
-
-## Usage with WHERE Clause
-
-It can work in the WHERE clause to return only those records where the length of a specific field meets a certain condition.
-```sql
-SELECT *
-FROM employees
-WHERE LENGTH(first_name) > 4;
-```
-
-Do note that the `LENGTH` function may return different results in different SQL systems due to character set and collation differences. In some systems, `LENGTH()` returns length in characters while in others it could return length in bytes. 
-
-For example, MySQL has separate `CHAR_LENGTH()` and `LENGTH()` functions. `CHAR_LENGTH()` returns the length of the string in characters, while `LENGTH()` in MySQL returns the length of the string in bytes. This can make a difference if your string includes multibyte characters (like UTF-8). In such scenarios, it's always recommended to be sure how your specific SQL system implements `LENGTH` function.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/108-advanced-sql-functions/101-string/105-lower.md b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/108-advanced-sql-functions/101-string/105-lower.md
deleted file mode 100644
index d608bd836..000000000
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/108-advanced-sql-functions/101-string/105-lower.md
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,38 +0,0 @@
-# LOWER
-
-`LOWER` is a built-in function in SQL used to return all uppercase character(s) in a string to lowercase. It can be quite useful when performing case-insensitive comparisons or searches in your queries.
-
-## Syntax:
-
-The basic syntax for `LOWER` in SQL is:
-
-```
-LOWER(string)
-```
-
-Here, 'string' can be a literal string or a column of a table, and the function will return the string with all alphabetic characters converted to lowercase.
-
-## Example:
-
-Let's take a look at a very basic example. Assuming we have the following string "SQL is BAE!" and we want to convert it to lower case.
-
-```sql
-SELECT LOWER('SQL is BAE!') AS LowerCaseString;
-```
-
-Output:
-```sql
-lowercasestring
-----------------
-sql is bae!
-```
-
-If you are using a column from a table, let's say we have a table 'students' with a column 'Name' and we want to convert all the entries in that column to lowercase:
-
-```sql
-SELECT LOWER(Name) AS LowerCaseName FROM students;
-```
-
-Here, the LOWER function will return all the names from the 'Name' column in the 'students' table in their lowercase forms.
-
-Remember, the `LOWER` function doesn't affect the numbers and special characters in the input string, it only converts uppercase alphabetical characters to lowercase.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/108-advanced-sql-functions/101-string/index.md b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/108-advanced-sql-functions/101-string/index.md
deleted file mode 100644
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--- a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/108-advanced-sql-functions/101-string/index.md
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,91 +0,0 @@
-# String Functions
-
-In SQL, you can perform various operations on strings, including extracting a string, combining two or more strings, and converting a case of a string.
-
-## CONCAT Function
-
-The CONCAT function combines two or more strings into one string. The following is the syntax:
-
-```sql
-CONCAT(string1, string2, ...., string_n)
-```
-
-Example:
-
-```sql
-SELECT CONCAT('Hello ', 'World');
-```
-
-The output of the above SQL statement will be 'Hello World'.
-
-## SUBSTRING Function
-
-The SUBSTRING function extracts a string from a given string. The syntax looks as follows:
-
-```sql
-SUBSTRING(string, start, length)
-```
-
-Example:
-
-```sql
-SELECT SUBSTRING('SQL Tutorial', 1, 3);
-```
-
-The output of the above query will be 'SQL'.
-
-## LENGTH Function
-
-The LENGTH function returns the length of a string. The syntax is:
-
-```sql
-LENGTH(string)
-```
-
-Example:
-
-```sql
-SELECT LENGTH('Hello World');
-```
-
-The output of the above SQL statement will be 11.
-
-## UPPER and LOWER Function
-
-The UPPER function converts all the letters in a string to uppercase, whereas the LOWER function to lowercase. 
-
-Syntax:
-
-```sql
-UPPER(string)
-
-LOWER(string)
-```
-
-Examples:
-
-```sql
-SELECT UPPER('Hello World');
-
-SELECT LOWER('Hello World');
-```
-The output of the above SQL statements will be 'HELLO WORLD' and 'hello world' respectively.
-
-## TRIM Function
-
-The TRIM function removes leading and trailing spaces of a string. You can also remove other specified characters.
-
-Syntax:
-
-```sql
-TRIM([LEADING|TRAILING|BOTH] [removal_string] FROM original_string)
-```
-
-Example:
-
-```sql
-SELECT TRIM('   Hello World   ');
-SELECT TRIM('h' FROM 'hello');
-```
-
-The output of the first query will be 'Hello World' and that of the second query will be 'ello'.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/108-advanced-sql-functions/102-ceiling.md b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/108-advanced-sql-functions/102-ceiling.md
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index 46dc29663..000000000
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/108-advanced-sql-functions/102-ceiling.md
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,24 +0,0 @@
-# CEILING
-
-`CEILING` is an advanced SQL function that is used to round up values. The function takes a single argument, which is a numeric or decimal number, and returns the smallest integer that is greater than or equal to the supplied number.
-
-The syntax for using the `CEILING` function is:
-
-```sql
-CEILING (numeric_expression)
-```
-
-The `numeric_expression` is an expression of the exact numeric or approximate numeric data type categories, or types that can be implicitly converted to one of these categories.
-
-For example, you have a table called 'Products' with a 'Price' column. Here's how you can use the `CEILING` function to round up all the prices to the nearest whole number:
-
-```sql
-SELECT ProductName, Price, CEILING (Price) AS RoundedUpPrice
-FROM Products;
-```
-
-In this example, if the original price was $10.25, the `RoundedUpPrice` will be $11. This is because the `CEILING` function rounds up the 'Price' value to the nearest whole number.
-
-It's essential to remember that `CEILING` always rounds up. So even if the Price is $10.01, the RoundedUpPrice according to `CEILING` would still be $11. If you want to round to the nearest whole number, you might want to use the `ROUND` function instead. 
-
-Another important note is that the return type of `CEILING` will be of the same type as the provided numeric expression. For instance, if you supply a numeric expression of type decimal, the return type will also be of type decimal.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/108-advanced-sql-functions/102-conditional/100-case.md b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/108-advanced-sql-functions/102-conditional/100-case.md
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--- a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/108-advanced-sql-functions/102-conditional/100-case.md
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-# CASE
-
-`CASE` is a conditional statement in SQL that performs different actions based on different conditions. It allows you to perform IF-THEN-ELSE logic within SQL queries. It can be used in any statement or clause that allows a valid expression.
-
-There are two forms of the `CASE` statement:
-
-1. **Simple CASE expression** - It compares an expression to a set of simple expressions to return a result.
-
-```sql
-SELECT column1, column2, 
-(CASE 
-    WHEN condition1 THEN result1
-    WHEN condition2 THEN result2
-    ...
-    ELSE result 
-END) 
-FROM table_name;
-```
-
-2. **Searched CASE expression** - It evaluates a set of Boolean expressions to return a result.
-
-```sql
-SELECT column1, column2,
-(CASE
-    WHEN condition1 THEN result1
-    WHEN condition2 THEN result2
-    ...
-    ELSE result
-END) 
-FROM table_name;
-```
-
-In both forms, `CASE` returns a result_1, result_2, ..., if condition_1, condition_2, ... is true. If no conditions are true, it returns the value in the `ELSE` clause. If the `ELSE` clause is omitted and no conditions are true, it returns NULL.
-
-Here's a concrete example:
-
-```sql
-SELECT OrderID, Quantity,
- (CASE
-     WHEN Quantity > 30 THEN 'Over 30'
-     WHEN Quantity = 30 THEN 'Equals 30'
-     ELSE 'Under 30'
- END) AS QuantityText
-FROM OrderDetails;
-```
-
-From the "OrderDetails" table, the statement lists 'OrderID', 'Quantity', and a column named 'QuantityText' that displays 'Over 30' if 'Quantity > 30' or 'Equals 30' if 'Quantity = 30' or 'Under 30' if both conditions are false.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/108-advanced-sql-functions/102-conditional/101-nullif.md b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/108-advanced-sql-functions/102-conditional/101-nullif.md
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index 5efd161ce..000000000
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/108-advanced-sql-functions/102-conditional/101-nullif.md
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-# NULLIF
-
-`NULLIF` is a built-in conditional function in SQL Server. The `NULLIF` function compares two expressions and returns NULL if they are equal or the first expression if they are not.
-
-## Syntax
-
-Here's the syntax of the `NULLIF` function:
-
-```sql
-NULLIF(expression1, expression2);
-```
-`NULLIF` compares `expression1` to `expression2`. If `expression1` and `expression2` are equal, the function returns NULL. Otherwise, it returns `expression1`. Both expressions must have the same data type.
-
-## Example
-
-Consider the following example:
-
-```sql
-SELECT 
-    first_name, 
-    last_name,
-    NULLIF(email, 'NA') AS email
-FROM 
-    users;
-```
-In this SQL Server `NULLIF` function example, if the field email is 'NA', then NULL would be returned. Otherwise the actual `email` field value is returned.
-
-In another example, consider a division operation:
-
-```sql
-SELECT 
-    avg_salary,
-    NULLIF(avg_salary, 0) AS avg_salary_no_zero
-FROM 
-    positions;
-```
-
-In this SQL Server `NULLIF` function example, if `avg_salary` field is 0, then NULL would be returned. This is useful to avoid division by zero errors.
-
-In nutshell, the SQL `NULLIF` function can be handy in many scenarios such as to circumvent division by zero errors or to translate known sentinel values into NULL values that can be handled by SQL's NULL handling functions.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/108-advanced-sql-functions/102-conditional/102-coalesce.md b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/108-advanced-sql-functions/102-conditional/102-coalesce.md
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index dc56261a1..000000000
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/108-advanced-sql-functions/102-conditional/102-coalesce.md
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-# COALESCE
-
-The `COALESCE` function in SQL is used to manage NULL values in data. It scans from left to right through the arguments and returns the first argument that is not `NULL`.
-
-Syntax: 
-```sql
-COALESCE(value1,value2,..., valueN)
-```
-The `COALESCE` function allows handling the case where you have possible `NULL` values in your data and you want to replace it with some other value.
-
-For instance, here is an example of how you might use `COALESCE`:
-
-```sql
-SELECT product_name, COALESCE(price, 0) AS Price 
-FROM products;
-```
-In this example, if the "price" column for a product entry is `NULL`, it will instead return "0".
-
-Another common use case is using `COALESCE` to find the first non-NULL value in a list:
-
-```sql
-SELECT COALESCE(NULL, NULL, 'third value', 'fourth value');
-```
-In this case, it would return "third value", as that's the first non-NULL value in the list.
-
-Remember, `COALESCE` does not update the original data. It only returns the first non-NULL value in the runtime. To update any NULL values permanently, you would need to use an `UPDATE` statement. 
-
-The `COALESCE` function in SQL improves the reliability of your queries when null values are involved. Whether it's replacing nulls with default values or finding the earliest valid date, it's a very useful function to grasp.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/108-advanced-sql-functions/102-conditional/index.md b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/108-advanced-sql-functions/102-conditional/index.md
deleted file mode 100644
index 78599c28f..000000000
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/108-advanced-sql-functions/102-conditional/index.md
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-# Conditional
-
-In SQL, Conditional expressions can be used in the SELECT statement, WHERE clause, and ORDER BY clause to evaluate multiple conditions. These are SQL's version of the common if…then…else statement in other programming languages.
-
-There are two kinds of conditional expressions in SQL:
-
-1. **CASE** expression
-
-    The `CASE` expression is a flow-control statement that allows you to add if-else logic to a query. It comes in two forms: simple and searched.
-
-    Here is an example of a simple `CASE` expression:
-
-    ```sql
-    SELECT OrderID, Quantity,
-        CASE
-            WHEN Quantity > 30 THEN 'Over 30'
-            ELSE 'Under 30'
-        END AS QuantityText
-    FROM OrderDetails;
-    ```
-    A searched `CASE` statement:
-
-    ```sql
-    SELECT FirstName, City,
-        CASE
-            WHEN City = 'Berlin' THEN 'Germany'
-            WHEN City = 'Madrid' THEN 'Spain'
-            ELSE 'Unknown'
-        END AS Country
-    FROM Customers;
-    ```
-
-2. **COALESCE** expression 
-
-    The `COALESCE` function returns the first non-null value in a list. It takes a comma-separated list of values and returns the first value that is not null.
-
-    An example of a `COALESCE` statement:
-
-    ```sql
-    SELECT ProductName,
-        COALESCE(UnitsOnOrder, 0) As UnitsOnOrder,
-        COALESCE(UnitsInStock, 0) As UnitsInStock,
-    FROM Products;
-    ```
-
-3. **NULLIF** expression
-
-    `NULLIF` returns null if the two given expressions are equal.
-
-    Example of using `NULLIF`:
-
-    ```sql
-    SELECT NULLIF(5,5) AS Same,
-           NULLIF(5,7) AS Different;
-    ```
-   
-4. **IIF** expression
-
-    `IIF` function returns value_true if the condition is TRUE, or value_false if the condition is FALSE.
-
-    Example of using `IIF`:
-
-    ```sql
-    SELECT IIF (1>0, 'One is greater than zero', 'One is not greater than zero');
-    ```
-    
-These are essential constructs that can greatly increase the flexibility and functionality of your SQL code, particularly when dealing with elaborate conditions and specific data selections.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/108-advanced-sql-functions/103-date-time/100-date.md b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/108-advanced-sql-functions/103-date-time/100-date.md
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--- a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/108-advanced-sql-functions/103-date-time/100-date.md
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-# DATE
-
-In SQL, DATE is a data type that stores the date. It does not store time information. The format of the date is, 'YYYY-MM-DD'. For instance, '2022-01-01'. SQL provides several functions to handle and manipulate dates.
-
-Below are some common examples of how to use the DATE data type in SQL:
-
-## Create a table with DATE data type
-
-```sql
-CREATE TABLE Orders (
-    OrderId int,
-    ProductName varchar(255),
-    OrderDate date
-);
-```
-
-In this example, the OrderDate column uses the DATE data type to store the date of the order.
-
-## Insert a date value into a table
-
-```sql
-INSERT INTO Orders (OrderId, ProductName, OrderDate)
-VALUES (1, 'Product 1', '2022-01-01');
-```
-
-This command inserts a new row into the Orders table with a date.
-
-## Retrieve data with a specific date
-
-```sql
-SELECT * FROM Orders 
-WHERE OrderDate = '2022-01-01';
-```
-
-This command retrieves all orders made on January 1, 2022.
-
-## Update a date value in a table
-
-```sql
-UPDATE Orders 
-SET OrderDate = '2022-01-02' 
-WHERE OrderId = 1;
-```
-
-This command updates the date from January 1, 2022 to January 2, 2022, for the order with the order ID 1.
-
-## SQL Date Functions
-
-SQL also provides several built-in functions to work with the DATE data type:
-
-## CURRENT_DATE
-
-Returns the current date.
-
-```sql
-SELECT CURRENT_DATE;
-```
-
-## DATEADD
-
-Add or subtract a specified time interval from a date.
-
-```sql
-SELECT DATEADD(day, 5, OrderDate) AS "Due Date"
-FROM Orders;
-```
-In this example, we are adding 5 days to each OrderDate in the table Orders.
-
-## DATEDIFF
-
-Get the difference between two dates.
-
-```sql
-SELECT DATEDIFF(day, '2022-01-01', '2022-01-06') AS "Difference";
-```
-It will return 5, that is the difference in days between the two dates.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/108-advanced-sql-functions/103-date-time/102-datepart.md b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/108-advanced-sql-functions/103-date-time/102-datepart.md
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--- a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/108-advanced-sql-functions/103-date-time/102-datepart.md
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-# DATEPART
-
-`DATEPART` is a useful function in SQL that allows you to extract a specific part of a date or time field. You can use it to get the year, quarter, month, day of the year, day, week, weekday, hour, minute, second, or millisecond from any date or time expression.
-
-Here's the basic syntax of `DATEPART`:
-
-```sql
-DATEPART(datepart, date)
-```
-
-Here `datepart` is the part of the date that you want to extract, and `date` is the date value from which the part should be extracted.
-
-Here are some examples:
-
-1. Extracting the year from a date:
-
-```sql
-SELECT DATEPART(year, '2021-07-14') AS 'Year';
-```
-
-In this example, it would return `2021`.
-
-2. Extracting the month:
-
-```sql
-SELECT DATEPART(month, '2021-07-14') AS 'Month';
-```
-
-The result of this command would be `7`.
-
-3. Extracting the day:
-
-```sql
-SELECT DATEPART(day, '2021-07-14') AS 'Day';
-```
-
-This would return `14`.
-
-4. Extracting the hour, minute, or second from a datetime:
-
-```sql
-SELECT DATEPART(hour, '2021-07-14T13:30:15') AS 'Hour',
-       DATEPART(minute, '2021-07-14T13:30:15') AS 'Minute',
-       DATEPART(second, '2021-07-14T13:30:15') AS 'Second';
-```
-
-This would return `13`, `30`, and `15` respectively.
-
-Remember, the `DATEPART` function returns an integer value. It is essential when you want to compare or group by a specific part of a date or time field in SQL.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/108-advanced-sql-functions/103-date-time/103-dateadd.md b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/108-advanced-sql-functions/103-date-time/103-dateadd.md
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-# DATEADD
-
-`DATEADD` is a built-in function in SQL that allows you to add or subtract units of time from a specified date. The function takes three parameters:
-
-- An interval type (such as day, month, year, hour, minute, second)
-- A number (which can be either positive, for future dates, or negative, for past dates)
-- A date from which calculation will be based.
-
-The usage of this function can be especially useful when you need to perform operations on dates, such as finding a date "n" days before or after a specified date, or getting the first or last day of a month.
-
-## Syntax
-
-The generic syntax for `DATEADD` is:
-
-```sql
-DATEADD(interval, number, date)
-```
-Here's what each param means:
-
-- `interval`: The part of date to which an integer value will be added. This could be a year, quarter, month, day, hour, minute, second, millisecond, microsecond, or nanosecond.
-
-- `number`: The value to add. The value can either be negative to get dates in the past or positive to get dates in the future.
-
-- `date`: The date or datetime expression to which the interval and number are added.
-
-For example, if we want to add three days to the date '2022-01-01', we would write:
-
-```sql
-SELECT DATEADD(day, 3, '2022-01-01') as NewDate
-```
-
-The result would be: `2022-01-04`.
-
-You can substitute 'day' with any of the accepted interval types to add different units of time.
-
-## Sample Query
-
-If you have a table called `Orders` with a `DateTime` field `OrderDate` and you want to find all orders placed in the next seven days, you can use the `DATEADD` function as follows:
-
-```sql
-SELECT * FROM Orders
-WHERE OrderDate <= DATEADD(day, 7, GETDATE())
-``` 
-
-This will return all orders from now until a week from now.
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/108-advanced-sql-functions/103-date-time/index.md b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/108-advanced-sql-functions/103-date-time/index.md
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-# Date and Time
-
-In SQL, the `DateTime` data type is used to work with dates and times. SQL Server comes with numerous functions for processing dates and times. Some of these include `GETDATE()`, `DATEDIFF()`, `DATEADD()`, `CONVERT()`, and so forth.
-
-## GETDATE()
-
-`GETDATE()` returns the current date and time as a DateTime datatype. It does not require any arguments.
-
-```sql
-SELECT GETDATE() AS CurrentDateTime;
-```
-
-## DATEDIFF()
-
-`DATEDIFF()` returns the difference between two date values based on the unit of time you want to use. The syntax is `DATEDIFF(datepart, startdate, enddate)`.
-
-```sql
-SELECT DATEDIFF(day, '2022-01-01', '2022-01-15') AS DiffInDays;
-```
-
-## DATEADD()
-
-`DATEADD()` adds or subtracts a specified time interval from a date. Its syntax is `DATEADD(datepart, number, date)`. 
-
-```sql
-SELECT DATEADD(year, 1, '2022-01-01') AS NewDate;
-```
-
-## CONVERT()
-
-`CONVERT()` is used to convert from one data type to another, and it is commonly used to format DateTime values. Its syntax is `CONVERT(data_type(length), expression, style)`. 
-
-```sql
-SELECT CONVERT(VARCHAR(19), GETDATE()) AS FormattedDateTime;
-```
-Remember to replace `date` with your date in above queries.
-
-## DateTime Format
-
-By using appropriate format codes, SQL allows us to present dates and times in various formats.
-
-```sql
-SELECT FORMAT(GETDATE(), 'MM/dd/yyyy') AS DateFormatted;
-```
-Also, by using specific column names instead of `GETDATE()`, the same patterns can be applied to DateTime values in your data.
-
-Note: All dates are stored as numeric values under the hood, with the integer portion representing the date and the decimal portion representing the time. Also, different database systems may use slightly different functions for handling dates and times, so be sure to check the documentation for your specific DBMS.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/108-advanced-sql-functions/103-floor.md b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/108-advanced-sql-functions/103-floor.md
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-# FLOOR
-
-The SQL `FLOOR` function is used to round down any specific decimal or numeric value to its nearest whole integer. The returned number will be less than or equal to the number given as an argument.
-
-One important aspect to note is that the `FLOOR` function's argument must be a number and it always returns an integer.
-
-## Syntax
-
-The syntax of using the `FLOOR` function in SQL is as follows:
-```sql
-FLOOR (number);
-```
-
-## Example Usage
-
-Here's a simple example of its usage:
-
-```sql
-SELECT FLOOR(25.75);
-```
-The above query will return `25` as the result, as that's the nearest integer less than `25.75`.
-
-Suppose we have a table called `Orders` with a column `SalePrice` that includes decimal values. If we wanted to round down the `SalePrice` values to the nearest whole numbers, we could use a query like this:
-
-```sql
-SELECT FLOOR(SalePrice) AS RoundedSalePrice
-FROM Orders;
-```
-
-This would output a new column `RoundedSalePrice` where all the sale prices have been rounded down to the nearest integers.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/108-advanced-sql-functions/104-abs.md b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/108-advanced-sql-functions/104-abs.md
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-# ABS
-
-The `ABS` function in SQL is used to return the absolute value of a number, i.e., the numeric value without its sign. The function takes a single argument which must be a number (integer, float, etc.) and returns the absolute, non-negative equivalent.
-
-The general syntax for the ABS function is as follows: 
-
-```sql
-ABS(expression)
-```
-
-In the syntax above, the `expression` is required and can either be a literal number, a column name, the result of another function, or any valid SQL expression that resolves to a numeric value.
-
-## Examples
-
-Consider a database table `Orders`:
-
-| OrderID | Product | Quantity |
-|---------|---------|----------|
-| 1       | Apple   | -5       |
-| 2       | Banana  | 10       |
-| 3       | Cherry  | -15      |
-
-If you want to get the absolute value of the 'Quantity' column, you could use the `ABS`function like this:
-
-```sql
-SELECT OrderID, Product, ABS(Quantity) as 'Absolute Quantity'
-FROM Orders;
-```
-
-The output will be:
-
-| OrderID | Product | Absolute Quantity |
-|---------|---------|-------------------|
-| 1       | Apple   | 5                 |
-| 2       | Banana  | 10                |
-| 3       | Cherry  | 15                |
-
-As you can see, the negative values in the 'Quantity' column have been converted to positive values by the `ABS` function.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/108-advanced-sql-functions/105-mod.md b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/108-advanced-sql-functions/105-mod.md
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-# MOD
-
-The SQL `MOD()` function is a mathematical function that returns the remainder of the values from the division of two numbers. It calculates the modulo operation. This function is very useful when you want to find the remainder value after one number is divided by another.
-
-## Syntax 
-
-The syntax of the MOD function in SQL is:
-```sql
-MOD(expression1, expression2)
-```
-
-- `Expression1` and `Expression2` are the values that you want to apply the function to. 
-
-## Basic Usage
-
-For instance, if you want to find the remainder of the division of 15 by 4 you would write:
-```sql
-SELECT MOD(15, 4) as result;
-```
-The result would be `3` because 3 is the remainder after dividing 15 by 4.
-
-## Usage with Table Columns
-
-The `MOD()` function can also be applied to table columns. Let's imagine that you have a table named "Orders" with an "OrderNumber" column and you want to find the remainder of every order number when divided by 7, you would do:
-
-```sql
-SELECT OrderNumber, MOD(OrderNumber, 7) as result
-FROM Orders;
-```
-
-This will return a list of all order numbers, along with the remainder when each order number is divided by 7. 
-
-Keep in mind that the SQL `MOD()` function may not work in the same way, or might not support all features, in every SQL database. Always refer to the documentation specific to the SQL database you are using.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/108-advanced-sql-functions/index.md b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/108-advanced-sql-functions/index.md
deleted file mode 100644
index 8ade965e0..000000000
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/108-advanced-sql-functions/index.md
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,69 +0,0 @@
-# Advanced SQL Functions
-
-Advanced SQL functions provide complex data manipulation and query capabilities enabling the user to perform tasks that go beyond the capabilities of basic SQL commands. 
-
-## Window Function 
-
-Windowing Functions provide the ability to perform calculations across sets of rows related to the current query row.
-
-```sql
-SELECT productName, productLine, buyPrice,
-       AVG(buyPrice) OVER(PARTITION BY productLine) as avg_price
-FROM products
-ORDER BY productLine, buyPrice;
-```
-
-## Aggregate Function
-
-Aggregate functions return a single result row based on groups of rows, rather than on single rows.
-
-```sql
-SELECT COUNT(*) FROM products;
-```
-
-## Analytic Functions
-
-Analytic functions compute an aggregate value based on a group of rows. They differ from aggregate functions in that they return multiple rows for each group.
-
-```sql
-SELECT department_id, last_name, hire_date, 
-       COUNT(*) OVER (PARTITION BY department_id) as dept_count,
-       RANK() OVER (PARTITION BY department_id ORDER BY hire_date) as ranking
-FROM employees;
-```
-
-## Scalar Function
-
-A scalar function returns a single value each time it is invoked. It is based on the input value. 
-
-```sql
-SELECT UPPER(productName) FROM products;
-```
-
-## Stored Procedures
-
-Stored Procedures are a prepared SQL code that you can save so the code can be reused over and over again.
-
-```sql
-CREATE PROCEDURE SelectAllProducts @Product varchar(50)
-AS
-SELECT * FROM products WHERE Product = @Product
-GO;
-```
-
-## String Functions 
-
-Functions that manipulate the string data types. For example, `LEFT()`, `LENGTH()`, `LOWER()`, etc.
-
-```sql
-SELECT LEFT('This is a test', 4);
-```
-
-## Date Functions 
-
-Functions that manipulate the date data types. For example, `GETDATE()`, `DATEADD()`, `DATEDIFF()`, etc.
-
-```sql
-SELECT GETDATE() AS CurrentDateTime;
-```
-Remember, not all types or functions are supported by every SQL distribution but most of them have some sort of equivalent.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/109-views/100-creating.md b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/109-views/100-creating.md
deleted file mode 100644
index 7af9de131..000000000
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/109-views/100-creating.md
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,52 +0,0 @@
-# Creating Views
-
-In SQL, creating views can be achieved through the `CREATE VIEW` statement. A view is a virtual table based on the result-set of an SQL statement. It contains rows and columns from one or more tables. The syntax for the `CREATE VIEW` statement is:
-
-```sql
-CREATE VIEW view_name AS
-SELECT column1, column2, ...
-FROM table_name
-WHERE condition;
-```
-
-Here:
-- `CREATE VIEW view_name` : It creates a new view that you define with `view_name`.
-- `AS SELECT column1, column2 ...` : These are the columns you want in your view. You can choose one or more columns from one or more tables.
-- `FROM table_name` : `table_name` is the name of the table from which you want to create the view.
-- `WHERE` : It is an optional clause that you can use to specify conditions for displaying records.
-
-**Example:**
-
-Let's say you have a table named `Employees` having following data:
-
-| ID | NAME  | SALARY | DEPARTMENT_ID |
-|----|-------|--------|---------------|
-| 1  | John  | 3000   | 2             |
-| 2  | Sue   | 3500   | 3             |
-| 3  | Phil  | 4500   | 2             |
-| 4  | Anna  | 5000   | 1             |
-
-You can create a view that shows only the employees from department 2:
-
-```sql
-CREATE VIEW Department2 AS
-SELECT Name, Salary
-FROM Employees
-WHERE Department_ID = 2;
-```
-
-After running this statement, `Department2` will be a saved view in your database, and you can query it like you would with a standard table:
-
-```sql
-SELECT *
-FROM Department2;
-```
-
-This would bring up
-
-| NAME | SALARY |
-|------|--------|
-| John | 3000   |
-| Phil | 4500   |
-
-In total, the `CREATE VIEW` statement is a useful command when you want to save a particular query and its result set for future use. This can simplify complex queries by breaking them up into manageable parts.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/109-views/101-modifying.md b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/109-views/101-modifying.md
deleted file mode 100644
index d8f0aaf8d..000000000
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/109-views/101-modifying.md
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,82 +0,0 @@
-# Modifying Views
-
-In SQL, you can modify a VIEW in two ways:
-
-- Using CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW: This command helps you modify a VIEW but keeps the VIEW name intact. This is beneficial when you want to change the definition of the VIEW but do not want to change the VIEW name.
-
-- Using the DROP VIEW and then CREATE VIEW: In this method, you first remove the VIEW using the DROP VIEW command and then recreate the view using the new definition with the CREATE VIEW command.
-
-## Modifying VIEW Using CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW
-
-Syntax:
-
-```sql
-CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW view_name AS
-SELECT column1, column2, ...
-FROM table_name
-WHERE condition;
-```
-
-Example:
-
-```sql
-CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW customer_view AS
-SELECT customer_name, country
-FROM customers
-WHERE country='USA';
-```
-In this example, 'customer_view' will show the names and countries of customers only from the USA.
-
-## Modifying VIEW Using DROP VIEW and CREATE VIEW
-
-Syntax: 
-Drop the VIEW:
-```sql
-DROP VIEW view_name;
-```
-Create a new VIEW:
-```sql
-CREATE VIEW view_name AS
-SELECT column1, column2, ...
-FROM table_name
-WHERE condition;
-```
-
-Example: 
-Drop the VIEW
-```sql
-DROP VIEW customer_view;
-```
-Create a new VIEW:
-```sql
-CREATE VIEW customer_view AS
-SELECT customer_name, country
-FROM customers
-WHERE country='UK';
-```
-In this example, we first removed 'customer_view'. Then, we created it again with the new definition where it now shows the names and countries of the customers only from the UK.
-
-**CAUTION**: If other views, stored procedures, or programs depend on this view, they will be affected after you drop the view. For this reason, using CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW is generally safer. 
-
-## Modifying Data through VIEW
-
-In some cases, you can modify the data of the underlying tables via a VIEW. 
-
-Syntax:
-
-```sql
-UPDATE view_name
-SET column1 = value1, column2 = value2, ...
-WHERE condition;
-```
-
-Example:
-
-```sql
-UPDATE customer_view
-SET country = 'USA'
-WHERE customer_name = 'John Doe';
-```
-This command will update the country of 'John Doe' to 'USA' in both the VIEW and the underlying table.
-
-However, not every VIEW is updatable. You can only modify the data if the VIEW you're modifying is a simple VIEW that returns results from a single table without any aggregation or complex clauses. If you attempt to modify a complex view (i.e., it includes JOIN, GROUP BY, HAVING, DISTINCT), you will get an error.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/109-views/102-dropping.md b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/109-views/102-dropping.md
deleted file mode 100644
index ca8454acf..000000000
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/109-views/102-dropping.md
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,31 +0,0 @@
-# Dropping Views
-
-"Dropping" in SQL is the process of deleting an existing database object. In the context of views, "dropping" refers to deleting an existing view from the database. Once a view is dropped, it cannot be used any longer until it is recreated with the same or new definition. If you're going to drop a view, ensure it's not being used anywhere in your application or it will lead to errors.
-
-## Dropping Views
-
-You can drop a view in SQL using the `DROP VIEW` statement. The `DROP VIEW` statement removes one or more views from the database. You specify the name of the view that you want to remove after the `DROP VIEW` clause. 
-
-Here is the basic syntax to drop an existing view:
-
-```sql
-DROP VIEW view_name;
-```
-
-To drop multiple views in a single command, you use a list of comma-separated views.
-
-```sql
-DROP VIEW view_name1, view_name2, ..., view_name_n;
-```
-
-**Note**: Be careful when dropping views. Once a view is dropped, all the permissions granted on it will also be dropped. 
-
-Before dropping a view, you can check if the view exists by using the `IF EXISTS` parameter. If you drop a view that does not exist, you will get an error. To prevent this, you can use the `IF EXISTS` parameter. 
-
-Here is how you do it:
-
-```sql
-DROP VIEW IF EXISTS view_name;
-```
-
-In this case, if the view exists, it will be dropped. If the view does not exist, nothing happens and you don't get an error.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/110-indexes/100-managing-indexes.md b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/110-indexes/100-managing-indexes.md
deleted file mode 100644
index 2e82a0058..000000000
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/110-indexes/100-managing-indexes.md
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,48 +0,0 @@
-# Managing Indexes
-
-Indexes can drastically speed up data retrieval in SQL databases by allowing the database to immediately locate the data needed without having to scan the entire database. However, these additional data structures also consume storage, and maintaining them can slow down any create, update, or delete operations, hence the need to manage them appropriately.
-
-## Creating Indexes
-
-To create an index, you use the `CREATE INDEX` command followed by the index name, the table name, and the columns you want to use in the index.
-
-```sql
-CREATE INDEX index_name
-ON table_name(column_name);
-```
-
-## Removing Indexes 
-
-If an index is no longer required or if it's causing performance issues due to too much storage consumption, it can be dropped using the `DROP INDEX` command.
-
-```sql
-DROP INDEX index_name;
-```
-
-## Listing Indexes
-
-You can get a list of all the indexes on a table using the `SHOW INDEXES` command.
-
-```sql
-SHOW INDEXES IN table_name;
-```
-
-Remember that most SQL databases automatically create indexes for primary keys, and they do not need to be managed manually.
-
-## Modifying Indexes
-
-Modifying an existing index often means dropping the old index and creating a new one. PostgreSQL, MySQL, and MS SQL Server provide a way to reindex without dropping and recreating them manually.
-
-For example, in PostgreSQL:
-
-```sql
-REINDEX INDEX index_name;
-```
-
-## Indexes and Performance
-
-While indexes can improve read speed, they also slow down write operations because each write must also update the index. That's why it's essential to find a balance between the number of indexes and database performance. Too many indexes can negatively impact performance.
-
-Therefore, you should only create indexes when they are likely to be needed and when they will have a significant impact on improving query performance. You can use the SQL Server Profiler, MySQL's slow query log, or other database-specific tools to identify the queries that are running slow, and then create indexes to optimize those queries. Regularly monitor your database performance to make sure that the indexes are still needed and that they are providing the expected improvements. 
-
-Add indexes strategically and purposefully, and do regular cleanups of any unnecessary indexes.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/110-indexes/index.md b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/110-indexes/index.md
deleted file mode 100644
index 4c51ba409..000000000
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/110-indexes/index.md
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,72 +0,0 @@
-# Indexes
-
-An index in SQL is a database object which is used to improve the speed of data retrieval operations on a database table. Similarly to how an index in a book helps you find information quickly without reading the entire book, an index in a database helps the database software find data quickly without scanning the entire table.
-
-## Clustered Index
-
-A clustered index determines the physical order of data inside a table. It sorts and stores the data rows in the table based on their key values. There can be only one clustered index per table. 
-
-Creating a clustered index:
-
-```sql
-CREATE CLUSTERED INDEX index_name
-ON table_name (column_name);
-```
-
-## Non-Clustered Index
-
-A non-clustered index doesn’t sort the physical data inside the table. Instead, it creates a separate object within a table which points back to the original table rows after creating. You can create numerous non-clustered indexes per table.
-
-Creating a non-clustered index:
-
-```sql
-CREATE NONCLUSTERED INDEX index_name
-ON table_name (column_name);
-```
-
-## Indexes on Multiple Columns 
-
-An index can be built on more than one column of a table, which results in index entries having values of multiple columns. This is known as a composite index.
-
-Creating a composite index:
-
-```sql
-CREATE INDEX index_name 
-ON table_name (column1, column2);
-```
-
-## Unique Indexes
-
-A unique index doesn't allow any field to have duplicate values if the field is unique indexed. If a primary key is defined, a unique index can be applied automatically.
-
-Creating a unique index:
-
-```sql
-CREATE UNIQUE INDEX index_name
-ON table_name (column_name);
-```
-
-## Explicit vs Implicit Indexes
-
-Indexes explicitly created by users are known as explicit indexes, while indexes automatically created by SQL Server when a primary key or unique constraint is defined are known as implicit indexes.
-
-Creating an explicit index:
-
-```sql
-CREATE INDEX index_name
-ON table_name (column_name);
-```
-
-## Full-Text Indexes
-
-If you're dealing with text searching within a large string of text, full-text indexes are especially helpful. These indexes do not work using a standard comparison search but instead use word-breakers, filters, and noise-words (stop words).
-
-Creating a full-text index:
-
-```sql
-CREATE FULLTEXT INDEX ON table_name
-(column_name)
-KEY INDEX index_name;
-```
-
-Please note that the creation and maintenance of indexes involve a trade-off between query speed and update costs. Indexes speed up retrieval at the expense of slower updates and increased storage space.
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/111-transactions/102-begin.md b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/111-transactions/102-begin.md
deleted file mode 100644
index 0c0492a2c..000000000
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/111-transactions/102-begin.md
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,43 +0,0 @@
-# BEGIN
-
-In SQL, a transaction refers to a unit of work performed against a database. Transactions in SQL are used to ensure the integrity of the database. The keywords used in SQL to control the transactions are `BEGIN`, `COMMIT`, `ROLLBACK`.
-
-## BEGIN
-
-In the context of SQL transactions, `BEGIN` is a keyword used to start a transaction. It marks the point at which the data referenced by a connection is logically consistent. After the `BEGIN` statement, the transaction is considered to be "open" and remains so until it is committed or rolled back.
-
-Once you've initiated a transaction with `BEGIN`, all the subsequent SQL statements will be a part of this transaction until an explicit `COMMIT` or `ROLLBACK` is given.
-
-## Syntax
-
-The syntax to start a transaction is:
-```sql
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-```
-or simply,
-```sql
-BEGIN;
-```
-## Example
-
-Below is a simple example of using `BEGIN` in SQL:
-
-```sql
-BEGIN;
-
-INSERT INTO Customers (CustomerName, ContactName, Address, City, PostalCode, Country)
-VALUES ('Cardinal', 'Tom B. Erichsen', 'Skagen 21', 'Stavanger', '4006', 'Norway');
-
-COMMIT;
-```
-
-In this example:
-- `BEGIN;` marks the start of the transaction.
-- The `INSERT` statement adds a new row of data to the `Customers` table.
-- `COMMIT;` ends the transaction and permanently saves the changes made during this transaction.
-
-Note: If something goes wrong with one of the SQL statements within the transaction (after the `BEGIN;` statement), you can choose to `ROLLBACK` the transaction, which means canceling all the changes made in this transaction up to the point of error.
-
-## Conclusion
-
-In summary, `BEGIN` in SQL is used to start a transaction, which enables modifications done in a database to be viewed as a logically coherent occurrence.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/111-transactions/103-commit.md b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/111-transactions/103-commit.md
deleted file mode 100644
index 5af2c5e7a..000000000
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/111-transactions/103-commit.md
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@@ -1,39 +0,0 @@
-# COMMIT
-
-The SQL COMMIT command is used to save all the modifications made by the current transaction to the database. A COMMIT command ends the current transaction and makes permanent all changes performed in the transaction. It is a way of ending your transaction and saving your changes to the database.
-
-After the SQL COMMIT statement is executed, it can not be rolled back, which means you can't undo the operations. COMMIT command is used when the user is satisfied with the changes made in the transaction, and these changes can now be made permanent in the database.
-
-## Syntax:
-
-```sql
-COMMIT;
-```
-In some databases, if AUTOCOMMIT is enabled (which is typically the default setting), then every single SQL statement is treated as a transaction and automatically committed right after it is executed. 
-
-Example:
-
-Imagine you have a transaction that transfers money from Account A to Account B. The SQL might look something like this:
-
-```sql
-START TRANSACTION;
-UPDATE Account SET amount = amount - 2000 WHERE name = 'A';
-UPDATE Account SET amount = amount + 2000 WHERE name = 'B';
-COMMIT;
-```
-In this transaction, $2000 is transferred from account 'A' to account 'B'. The COMMIT statement makes these changes permanent in the database.
-
-However, keep in mind that if there was an error during this transaction (for instance if Account A did not have enough money), you'd want to ROLLBACK the transaction, not COMMIT, to undo any changes made before the error occurred.
-
-## Syntax with ROLLBACK:
-
-```sql
-START TRANSACTION;
-UPDATE Account SET amount = amount - 2000 WHERE name = 'A';
-UPDATE Account SET amount = amount + 2000 WHERE name = 'B';
-IF @@ERROR != 0 
-   ROLLBACK  
-ELSE 
-   COMMIT;
-```
-Here, if @@ERROR is not 0, the transaction will be rolled back. Otherwise, the transaction will be committed.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/112-integrity-security/100-constraints.md b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/112-integrity-security/100-constraints.md
deleted file mode 100644
index 0149de1ce..000000000
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/112-integrity-security/100-constraints.md
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,83 +0,0 @@
-# Data Integrity Constraints
-
-SQL constraints are used to specify rules for the data in a table. They ensure the accuracy and reliability of the data within the table. If there is any violation between the constraint and the action, the action is aborted by the constraint.
-
-Constraints are classified into two types: column level and table level. Column level constraints apply to individual columns whereas table level constraints apply to the entire table. 
-
-Here are the commonly used constraints:
-
-## 1. NOT NULL
-
-The `NOT NULL` constraint enforces a field to always contain a value. This means that you cannot insert a new record or update a record without adding a value to this field.
-
-**Example:**
-
-```sql
-CREATE TABLE Employees (
-    ID int NOT NULL,
-    Name varchar(255) NOT NULL,
-    Age int
-);
-```
-
-## 2. UNIQUE
-
-The `UNIQUE` constraint ensures that all values in a column are different, thus, prevents duplicate values in a column.
-
-**Example:**
-
-```sql
-CREATE TABLE Employees (
-    ID int NOT NULL UNIQUE,
-    Name varchar(255) NOT NULL,
-    Age int
-);
-```
-
-## 3. PRIMARY KEY
-
-The `PRIMARY KEY` constraint uniquely identifies each record in a database table. This constraint provides uniqueness for the column or set of columns, and not null.
-
-**Example:**
-
-```sql
-CREATE TABLE Employees (
-    ID int NOT NULL,
-    Name varchar(255) NOT NULL,
-    Age int,
-    PRIMARY KEY (ID)
-);
-```
-
-## 4. FOREIGN KEY 
-
-The `FOREIGN KEY` constraint prevents actions that would destroy links between tables. It maintains referential integrity by requiring that a value inserted into a foreign key column exists in the referenced primary key.
-
-**Example:**
-
-```sql
-CREATE TABLE Orders (
-    OrderID int NOT NULL,
-    OrderNumber int NOT NULL,
-    EmployeeID int,
-    PRIMARY KEY (OrderID),
-    FOREIGN KEY (EmployeeID) REFERENCES Employees(ID)
-);
-```
-
-## 5. CHECK
-
-The `CHECK` constraint ensures that all values in a field satisfy a condition. It enables a condition to check the value being entered into a record.
-
-**Example:**
-
-```sql
-CREATE TABLE Employees (
-    ID int NOT NULL,
-    Name varchar(255) NOT NULL,
-    Age int,
-    CHECK (Age>=18)
-);
-```
-
-Each constraint has its own purpose and usage, utilizing them effectively helps maintain the accuracy and integrity of the data.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/112-integrity-security/101-grant-revoke.md b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/112-integrity-security/101-grant-revoke.md
deleted file mode 100644
index ac7f48499..000000000
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/112-integrity-security/101-grant-revoke.md
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,46 +0,0 @@
-# GRANT and REVOKE
-
-In SQL, `GRANT` and `REVOKE` are Data Control Language (DCL) commands used for providing and removing user privileges respectively.
-
-## GRANT
-
-The `GRANT` statement allows database administrators to grant permissions or privileges on a database object to users. There are various types of privileges like SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, REFERENCES, ALL.
-
-You can use the `GRANT` statement as follows:
-
-```sql
-GRANT privilege_name
-ON object_name
-TO {user_name |PUBLIC |role_name}
-[WITH GRANT OPTION];
-```
-
-Example:
-
-```sql
-GRANT SELECT ON employees TO user1;
-```
-
-In this example, `user1` is granted permission to read/perform SELECT operations on the `employees` table.
-
-## REVOKE
-
-The `REVOKE` statement can be used when we want to revoke some or all of the privileges that were assigned earlier to a user or a group of users. The syntax for using the `REVOKE` command is similar to the `GRANT` command.
-
-Here's the syntax:
-
-```sql
-REVOKE privilege_name
-ON object_name
-FROM {user_name |PUBLIC |role_name}
-```
-
-Example:
-
-```sql
-REVOKE SELECT ON employees FROM user1;
-```
-
-In this example, `user1` is revoked from the permission to read/perform SELECT operations on the `employees` table.
-
-Permission management is an important aspect of database management, understanding, and using `GRANT` and `REVOKE` operations help in maintaining the integrity and security of your data in SQL.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/112-integrity-security/index.md b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/112-integrity-security/index.md
deleted file mode 100644
index cd500cc11..000000000
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/112-integrity-security/index.md
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,54 +0,0 @@
-# Data Integrity and Security
-
-Integrity Security in SQL refers to the accuracy and consistency of the data in a database. It is a crucial aspect of the database that ensures the data being entered into databases follows the defined rules, preventing any damage to the main data. It comes in several forms:
-
-**1. Entity Integrity**
-
-Entity integrity ensures that there are no duplicate rows in a table. This is often managed with the help of the primary key.
-
-For example, consider the following SQL command to create a table. Primary Key on the EmployeeID column will ensure that every entry in this column is unique.
-
-```sql
-CREATE TABLE Employee (
-  EmployeeID int NOT NULL,
-  LastName varchar(255),
-  FirstName varchar(255),
-  Age int,
-  PRIMARY KEY (EmployeeID)
-);
-```
-
-**2. Domain Integrity**
-
-Domain Integrity enforces valid entries for a given column by restricting the type, the format, or the range of possible values.
-
-For example, setting a specific data type and size for a column.
-
-```sql
-CREATE TABLE Employee (
-  EmployeeID int NOT NULL,
-  LastName varchar(50),
-  FirstName varchar(50),
-  Age int CHECK (Age>=18 and Age<=60)
-);
-```
-
-**3. Referential Integrity**
-
-Referential integrity ensures that relationships between tables remain consistent. More specifically, that a foreign key in one table must always refer to the primary key in another table.
-
-```sql
-CREATE TABLE Orders (
-  OrderID int NOT NULL,
-  OrderNumber int NOT NULL,
-  EmployeeID int,
-  PRIMARY KEY (OrderID),
-  FOREIGN KEY (EmployeeID) REFERENCES Employee(EmployeeID)
-);
-```
-**4. User-Defined Integrity**
-
-User-defined integrity refers to a set of rules specified by a user, which do not belong to the entity, domain, or referential integrity.
-For example, a user might define a rule that an employee's hire date must be less than 3 months in the future.
-
-Please note that SQL doesn't provide specific built-in functionalities to handle user-defined integrity, it depends on the code logic implemented by each application.
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/114-perf-optimization/100-query-optimization/index.md b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/114-perf-optimization/100-query-optimization/index.md
deleted file mode 100644
index 2af1b0b24..000000000
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/114-perf-optimization/100-query-optimization/index.md
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,65 +0,0 @@
-# Query Optimization Techniques
-
-SQL Query Optimization is a crucial aspect of database management, aiming to maximize the speed and efficiency of SQL queries. Optimization takes into consideration a variety of factors like the query structure, data distribution, hardware specifics, and data-indexing.
-
-## 1. Utilize Indexes:
-
-Indexes enable the database engine to quickly find records just like an index in a book helps facilitate faster information location. 
-
-```sql
-CREATE INDEX index_name
-ON table_name (column1, column2, ...); 
-```
-
-## 2. Use Joins instead of Multiple Queries:
-
-Multiple separate queries to retrieve data can be merged into a single JOIN query for a more efficient process.
-
-```sql
-SELECT Orders.OrderID, Customers.CustomerName
-FROM Orders
-INNER JOIN Customers
-ON Orders.CustomerID=Customers.CustomerID;
-```
-
-## 3. Limit the Number of Rows:
-
-Only request the number of rows you need. The `LIMIT` clause reduces the number of records returned by a SQL statement. 
-
-```sql
-SELECT column FROM table 
-ORDER BY column DESC 
-LIMIT 10;
-```
-
-## 4. Avoid SELECT * :
-
-Select only the columns you need to prevent the overhead of loading unnecessary data.
-
-```sql
-SELECT column1, column2  
-FROM table;
-```
-
-## 5. Use WHERE instead of HAVING for Filtering:
-`WHERE` clause filters records before grouping while `HAVING` filters after. Utilizing `WHERE` can optimize the query performance.
- 
-```sql
-SELECT column1, COUNT(column2)
-FROM table
-WHERE condition 
-GROUP BY column1;
-```
-
-## 6. If Possible Avoid the use of Subqueries:
-
-A subquery is a SQL query enclosed in a larger SQL query. Often they may result in complex and less optimized queries.
-
-```sql
-SELECT column_name(s)
-FROM table1
-WHERE column_name operator
-   (SELECT column_name(s) from table2);
-```
-
-Remember there's no universal optimal solution, each SQL query will have its specific optimization strategies.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/115-advanced-sql/102-window-functions/102-dense-rank.md b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/115-advanced-sql/102-window-functions/102-dense-rank.md
deleted file mode 100644
index ea5b6fce5..000000000
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/115-advanced-sql/102-window-functions/102-dense-rank.md
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,44 +0,0 @@
-# dense_rank
-
-`DENSE_RANK` is a window function in SQL that assigns a rank to each row within a window partition, with no gaps in the ranking numbers. 
-
-Unlike the `RANK` function, `DENSE_RANK` does not skip any rank (positions in the order). If you have, for example, 1st, 2nd, and 2nd, the next rank listed would be 3rd when using `DENSE_RANK`, whereas it would be 4th using the `RANK` function. 
-
-The `DENSE_RANK` function operates on a set of rows, called a window, and in that window, values are compared to each other.
-
-Here is a general syntax of `DENSE_RANK` function in SQL:
-```sql
-DENSE_RANK ( ) OVER (
-    [ < partition_by_clause > ] 
-    [ < order_by_clause > ]
-    )
-```
-- `partition_by_clause` - Divides the window into smaller sets or partitions.
-- `order_by_clause` - Determines the order of data inside each partition to further work with the ranking functions.
-
-Let's say you have a table called 'Employees' with the following data:
-
-| ID | Name | Salary |
-|---|---|---|
-| 1 | John | 50000 |
-| 2 | Mike | 60000 |
-| 3 | Mary | 60000 |
-| 4 | Alice | 55000 |
-
-Our task can be to rank these employees based on their salaries. The SQL query will be:
-
-```sql
-SELECT Name, Salary,
-DENSE_RANK () OVER (ORDER BY Salary Desc) AS Rank
-FROM Employees
-```
-When this query is run, the `DENSE_RANK` function will assign a rank to every row, with the highest salary being ranked as 1:
-  
-| Name | Salary | Rank |
-|---|---|---|
-| Mike | 60000 | 1 |
-| Mary | 60000 | 1 |
-| Alice | 55000 | 2 |
-| John | 50000 | 3 |
-
-This table clearly shows how the `DENSE_RANK` function provides rank without skipping any rank in case of a tie between the salaries of Mary and Mike.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/115-advanced-sql/102-window-functions/103-lead.md b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/115-advanced-sql/102-window-functions/103-lead.md
deleted file mode 100644
index eb463cafb..000000000
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/115-advanced-sql/102-window-functions/103-lead.md
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,34 +0,0 @@
-# lead
-
-In SQL, the `LEAD` function is a kind of window function that allows you to look at a row after a certain row, and use its value in calculations. `LEAD` function returns the value from the next row (or a subsequent row) of the current row in the table.
-
-## Usage
-
-The `LEAD` function takes three arguments:
-
-1. `value_expression` - the column or expression whose next value will be returned.
-2. `offset` - determines how many rows ahead to retrieve the value from. If it's omitted, then its default value is 1.
-3. `default_value` - the value returned when the `LEAD` function navigates past the last row. If it's omitted, it returns NULL.
-
-The syntax of the `LEAD` function is as follows:
-
-```sql
-LEAD(value_expression, [offset], [default_value]) OVER ([PARTITION BY partition_expression] ORDER BY sort_expression [ASC | DESC])
-```
-
-## Example
-
-Consider a simple example where you have a "sales" table and you want to compare each monthly sale with the sale of the next month.
-
-```sql
-SELECT
-    month,
-    sale,
-    LEAD(sale) OVER (ORDER BY month) NextMonthSale
-FROM
-    sales;
-```
-
-This SQL command will give an output where each row displays the sale of the current month and the sale amount of the next month. 
-
-Please note that 'LEAD' function might return 'NULL' if there are no subsequent rows in window frame to fetch.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/115-advanced-sql/102-window-functions/104-lag.md b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/115-advanced-sql/102-window-functions/104-lag.md
deleted file mode 100644
index 2de9db2c4..000000000
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/115-advanced-sql/102-window-functions/104-lag.md
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,50 +0,0 @@
-# lag
-
-`LAG` is a window function provided by SQL that allows us to fetch data from a previous row in the same result set without using a self-join. This function is commonly used in data analysis, for instance, comparing sales in a certain period with sales in a previous period. 
-
-The general syntax for using the `LAG` function is as follows:
-
-```sql
-LAG (expression [, offset [, default]])
-OVER (
-    [PARTITION BY partition_expression, ... ]
-    ORDER BY sort_expression [ASC | DESC], ...
-)
-```
-
-Let's break down this syntax:
-
-- `expression`: This is the value to return from a previous row. If you specify multiple expressions, `LAG` treats them as a single compound expression.
-- `offset`: This is an optional section where you specify the number of steps to reachback. By default, the `offset` is 1, meaning that it gets the value from a previous row.
-- `default`: This is another optional section where you define a value to return if the `LAG` function accesses beyond the scope of partition. By default, it returns NULL.
-
-## Example 
-
-Suppose we have the following 'sales' table:
-
-| Year | Sales |
-| ---- | ----- |
-| 2017 |  200  |
-| 2018 |  250  |
-| 2019 |  300  |
-| 2020 |  350  |
-
-You'd like to compare the sales of each year to the sales of the previous year. Here's how you can do it using the `LAG` function:
-
-```sql
-SELECT Year,
-       Sales,
-       LAG(Sales) OVER (ORDER BY Year) AS PrevYearSales
-FROM sales;
-```
-
-This should produce:
-
-| Year | Sales | PrevYearSales |
-| ---- | ----- | ------------- |
-| 2017 |  200  |     NULL      |
-| 2018 |  250  |     200       |
-| 2019 |  300  |     250       |
-| 2020 |  350  |     300       |
-
-In this example, `LAG` fetched the sales of the previous year ordered by the 'Year' column. The sales in 2017 do not have a previous year, so `LAG` returns NULL.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/115-advanced-sql/103-ctes.md b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/115-advanced-sql/103-ctes.md
deleted file mode 100644
index 7debfca5e..000000000
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/115-advanced-sql/103-ctes.md
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,59 +0,0 @@
-# CTEs (Common Table Expressions)
-
-CTEs or Common Table Expressions are a type of temporary result set that are defined within the execution scope of a single SQL statement. They act like a temporary view for a single query, and they are typically used to simplify subqueries and improve readability.
-
-## Syntax
-
-Here is the basic syntax of how to use a CTE in SQL:
-
-```sql
-WITH CTE_Name AS
-(
-    SQL Query
-)
-SELECT * FROM CTE_Name
-```
-
-In this syntax, the "WITH" keyword is used to create a CTE. The SQL query inside the parentheses is the query that creates the CTE. The final SELECT statement is used to query the data from the CTE.
-
-## Basic Usage
-
-An example of how to use a CTE is demonstrated below:
-
-```sql
-WITH Sales_CTE (SalesPersonID, NumberOfOrders)
-AS
-(
-  SELECT SalesPersonID, COUNT(OrderID)
-  FROM SalesOrderHeader
-  GROUP BY SalesPersonID
-)
-SELECT E.EmployeeID, E.FirstName, E.LastName, S.NumberOfOrders
-FROM Employee E
-JOIN Sales_CTE S
-ON E.EmployeeID = S.SalesPersonID
-ORDER BY S.NumberOfOrders DESC;
-```
-
-In this example, the CTE groups sales data by `SalesPersonID` and then joins this with the `Employee` table based on the `EmployeeID` to get the corresponding employee details.
-
-## Recursive CTEs
-
-SQL also supports recursive CTEs, which are CTEs that reference themselves. Recursive CTEs are generally used to solve problems that require iteration, such as traversing hierarchies. Here's an example:
-
-```sql
-WITH Recursive_CTE AS
-(
-  SELECT EmployeeID, ManagerID, FirstName
-  FROM Employee
-  WHERE ManagerID IS NULL
-  UNION ALL
-  SELECT E.EmployeeID, E.ManagerID, E.FirstName
-  FROM Employee E
-  INNER JOIN Recursive_CTE RCTE
-  ON E.ManagerID = RCTE.EmployeeID
-)
-SELECT * FROM Recursive_CTE;
-```
-
-In the example above, the CTE starts with the employees who have no manager (`ManagerID IS NULL`). Then it recursively adds employees who are managed by the employees already in the CTE. The result is a list of all employees in the company, hierarchically organized by manager.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/115-advanced-sql/104-dynamic-sql.md b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/115-advanced-sql/104-dynamic-sql.md
deleted file mode 100644
index 73b527f0d..000000000
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/115-advanced-sql/104-dynamic-sql.md
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,50 +0,0 @@
-# Dynamic SQL
-
-**Dynamic SQL**
-
-Dynamic SQL is a programming method that allows you to build SQL statements dynamically at runtime. It allows you to create more flexible and adaptable applications because you can manipulate the SQL statements on the fly, in response to inputs or changing conditions.
-
-Consider an application where a user can choose multiple search conditions from a range of choices. You might not know how many conditions the user will choose, or what they'll be until runtime. With static SQL, you would have to include a large number of potential search conditions in your WHERE clause. With dynamic SQL, you can build the search string based on the user's actual choices.
-
-**Executing Dynamic SQL**
-
-There are two ways to execute dynamic SQL:
-
-1. `EXECUTE IMMEDIATE` statement
-2. `OPEN-FOR, FETCH, CLOSE` statements
-
-
-**Code Examples**
-
-1. Using `EXECUTE IMMEDIATE`:
-
-Here, a table name is passed as a variable to a PL/SQL block. The block concatenates the variable into a DELETE statement, which is executed dynamically.
-
-```sql
-DECLARE 
-   table_name VARCHAR(30) := 'employees'; 
-   sql_stmt   VARCHAR(100); 
-BEGIN 
-   sql_stmt := 'DELETE FROM ' || table_name; 
-   EXECUTE IMMEDIATE sql_stmt; 
-END;
-```
-
-2. Using `OPEN-FOR, FETCH, CLOSE`
-
-In this example, a dynamic SQL query is being built and executed using the `OPEN-FOR, FETCH, CLOSE` statements.
-
-```sql
-DECLARE 
-   sql_stmt  VARCHAR2(1000);
-   emp_id    NUMBER(4) := 7566; 
-   emp_rec   emp%ROWTYPE; 
-BEGIN 
-   sql_stmt := 'SELECT * FROM emp WHERE empno = :id'; 
-   OPEN emp_cv FOR sql_stmt USING emp_id; 
-   FETCH emp_cv INTO emp_rec; 
-   CLOSE emp_cv; 
-END;
-```
-
-Note that while the use of Dynamic SQL offers greater flexibility, it also comes with potential security risks such as SQL Injection, and should be used judiciously. Always validate and sanitize inputs when building dynamic queries.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/115-advanced-sql/index.md b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/115-advanced-sql/index.md
deleted file mode 100644
index 04d5ee674..000000000
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/115-advanced-sql/index.md
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,74 +0,0 @@
-# Advanced SQL Concepts
-
-Advanced SQL commands offer powerful functionality that allow you to conduct complex queries and operations on your database. These include operations like Stored Procedures, Triggers, Views, and more.
-
-## Stored Procedures
-
-A stored procedure is a prepared SQL code that you save, so the code can be reused over and over again. They are particularly useful when repetitive tasks need to be performed, with less client-server communication. 
-
-```sql
-CREATE PROCEDURE procedure_name
-AS
-sql_statement
-GO;
-```
-
-## Triggers
-
-A Trigger is a SQL procedure that initiates an action when an event (INSERT, DELETE, UPDATE) occurs. Triggers are useful for maintaining integrity in the database. Triggers can also be used to log historical data.
-
-```sql
-CREATE TRIGGER trigger_name
-ON table_name
-FOR INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE
-AS
--- SQL Statements
-```
-
-## Views
-
-A view is a virtual table based on the result-set of an SQL statement. It allows you to view data that is derived from other tables. A view contains rows and columns, just like a real table. The fields in a view are fields from one or more real tables in the database.
-
-```sql
-CREATE VIEW view_name AS
-SELECT column1, column2, ...
-FROM table_name
-WHERE condition;
-```
-
-## JOINs 
-
-JOINs are used to combine rows from two or more tables, based on a related column between them. Types include INNER JOIN, LEFT JOIN, RIGHT JOIN, FULL OUTER JOIN.
-
-```sql
-SELECT Orders.OrderID, Customers.CustomerName
-FROM Orders
-INNER JOIN Customers ON Orders.CustomerID = Customers.CustomerID;
-```
-
-## Subqueries 
-
-A subquery is a query that is embedded in the WHERE or HAVING clause of another SQL query. Subqueries can return individual values or a list of records.
-
-```sql
-SELECT column_name [, column_name ]
-FROM   table1 [, table2 ]
-WHERE  column_name OPERATOR
-   (SELECT column_name [, column_name ]
-   FROM table1 [, table2 ]
-   [WHERE])
-```
-
-## Set Operators
-
-Set operators allow the results of multiple queries to be combined into a single result set. The UNION, UNION ALL, INTERSECT, and MINUS operators are some of the set operators.
-
-```sql
-SELECT column_name(s) FROM table1
-UNION
-SELECT column_name(s) FROM table2;
-```
-
-Note: Make sure to adjust the code examples given above according to your specific use case. In some cases, you may also need to adjust them according to the syntax of the specific SQL variant that you are using.
-
-Also, it's important to note that these are some of the many advanced SQL topics. There are others like Window functions, CTEs, Pivoting and more. Another important area is working with different database systems as each system (like MySQL, PostgreSQL, etc.) has its own specific set of features and syntax.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/abs@6vYFb_D1N_-tLWZftL-Az.md b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/abs@6vYFb_D1N_-tLWZftL-Az.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..603fb18e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/abs@6vYFb_D1N_-tLWZftL-Az.md
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# ABS
+
+The `ABS()` function in SQL returns the absolute value of a given numeric expression, meaning it converts any negative number to its positive equivalent while leaving positive numbers unchanged. This function is useful when you need to ensure that the result of a calculation or a value stored in a database column is non-negative, such as when calculating distances, differences, or other metrics where only positive values make sense. For example, `SELECT ABS(-5)` would return `5`.
+
+Learn more from the following resources:
+
+- [@article@How to compute an absolute value in SQL](https://www.airops.com/sql-guide/how-to-compute-an-absolute-value-in-sql)
+- [@article@ABS](https://www.w3schools.com/sql/func_sqlserver_abs.asp)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/111-transactions/100-acid.md b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/acid@igg34gLPl3HYVAmRNFGcV.md
similarity index 100%
rename from src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/111-transactions/100-acid.md
rename to src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/acid@igg34gLPl3HYVAmRNFGcV.md
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/advanced-functions@vTMd0bqz4eTgLnhfgY61h.md b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/advanced-functions@vTMd0bqz4eTgLnhfgY61h.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..76470429d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/advanced-functions@vTMd0bqz4eTgLnhfgY61h.md
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# Advanced SQL Functions
+
+Advanced SQL functions enable more sophisticated data manipulation and analysis within databases, offering powerful tools for complex queries. Key areas include:
+
+- **String Functions**: Manipulate text data using functions like `CONCAT`, `SUBSTRING`, and `REPLACE` to combine, extract, or modify strings.
+- **Date & Time**: Manage temporal data with functions like `DATEADD`, `DATEDIFF`, and `FORMAT`, allowing for calculations and formatting of dates and times.
+- **Numeric Functions**: Perform advanced calculations using functions such as `ROUND`, `FLOOR`, and `CEIL`, providing precision in numerical data processing.
+- **Conditional**: Implement logic within queries using functions like `CASE`, `COALESCE`, and `NULLIF` to control data flow and handle conditional scenarios.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/advanced-sql@UDqbT1y-YzBrljfKSz_RG.md b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/advanced-sql@UDqbT1y-YzBrljfKSz_RG.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0cfe84c90
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/advanced-sql@UDqbT1y-YzBrljfKSz_RG.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# Advanced SQL Concepts
+
+Advanced SQL concepts encompass a wide range of sophisticated techniques and features that go beyond basic querying and data manipulation. These include complex joins, subqueries, window functions, stored procedures, triggers, and advanced indexing strategies. By mastering these concepts, database professionals can optimize query performance, implement complex business logic, ensure data integrity, and perform advanced data analysis, enabling them to tackle more challenging database management and data processing tasks in large-scale, enterprise-level applications.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/aggregate-queries@LX9nzJ4uqznHN4SksoDvr.md b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/aggregate-queries@LX9nzJ4uqznHN4SksoDvr.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e7e289fe6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/aggregate-queries@LX9nzJ4uqznHN4SksoDvr.md
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+# Aggregate Queries
+
+Aggregate queries in SQL are used to perform calculations on multiple rows of data, returning a single summary value or grouped results. These queries typically involve the use of aggregate functions, such as:
+
+	•	COUNT(): Returns the number of rows that match a specific condition.
+	•	SUM(): Calculates the total sum of a numeric column.
+	•	AVG(): Computes the average value of a numeric column.
+	•	MIN() and MAX(): Find the smallest and largest values in a column, respectively.
+	•	GROUP BY: Used to group rows that share a common value in specified columns, allowing aggregate functions to be applied to each group.
+	•	HAVING: Filters the results of a GROUP BY clause based on a specified condition, similar to WHERE but for groups.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/alter-table@WjXlO42WL9saDS7RIGapt.md b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/alter-table@WjXlO42WL9saDS7RIGapt.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d92bed2fd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/alter-table@WjXlO42WL9saDS7RIGapt.md
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# Alter Table
+
+The `ALTER TABLE` statement in SQL is used to modify the structure of an existing table. This includes adding, dropping, or modifying columns, changing the data type of a column, setting default values, and adding or dropping primary or foreign keys.
+
+Learn more from the following resources:
+
+- [@article@ALTER TABLE Statement](https://www.techonthenet.com/sql/tables/alter_table.php)
+- [@article@ALTER TABLE - PostgreSQL](https://www.postgresqltutorial.com/postgresql-tutorial/postgresql-alter-table/)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/avg@Wou6YXLYUgomvcELh851L.md b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/avg@Wou6YXLYUgomvcELh851L.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5fd7009b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/avg@Wou6YXLYUgomvcELh851L.md
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# AVG
+
+The `AVG()` function in SQL is an aggregate function that calculates the average value of a numeric column. It returns the sum of all the values in the column, divided by the count of those values.
+
+Learn more from the following resources:
+
+- [@article@AVG](https://www.sqlshack.com/sql-avg-function-introduction-and-examples/)
+- [@article@SQL AVG() Function](https://www.w3schools.com/sql/sql_avg.asp)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/basic-sql-syntax@JDDG4KfhtIlw1rkNCzUli.md b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/basic-sql-syntax@JDDG4KfhtIlw1rkNCzUli.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..69b616fd0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/basic-sql-syntax@JDDG4KfhtIlw1rkNCzUli.md
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+# Basic SQL Syntax
+
+Basic SQL syntax consists of straightforward commands that allow users to interact with a relational database. The core commands include `SELECT` for querying data, `INSERT INTO` for adding new records, `UPDATE` for modifying existing data, and `DELETE` for removing records. Queries can be filtered using `WHERE`, sorted with `ORDER BY`, and data from multiple tables can be combined using `JOIN`. These commands form the foundation of SQL, enabling efficient data manipulation and retrieval within a database.
+
+Learn more about SQL from the following resources:
+
+- [@article@SQL Tutorial - Mode](https://mode.com/sql-tutorial/)
+- [@article@SQL Tutorial](https://www.sqltutorial.org/)
+- [@article@SQL Tutorial - W3Schools](https://www.w3schools.com/sql/default.asp)
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/begin@7sTW1vwUhCFOMXYjScVEt.md b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/begin@7sTW1vwUhCFOMXYjScVEt.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3477e6d79
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/begin@7sTW1vwUhCFOMXYjScVEt.md
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# BEGIN
+
+`BEGIN` is used in SQL to start a transaction, which is a sequence of one or more SQL operations that are executed as a single unit. A transaction ensures that all operations within it are completed successfully before any changes are committed to the database. If any part of the transaction fails, the `ROLLBACK` command can be used to undo all changes made during the transaction, maintaining the integrity of the database. Once all operations are successfully completed, the `COMMIT` command is used to save the changes. Transactions are crucial for maintaining data consistency and handling errors effectively.
+
+Learn more from the following resources:
+
+- [@article@BEGIN...END Statement](https://infocenter.sybase.com/help/index.jsp?topic=/com.sybase.infocenter.dc00801.1510/html/iqrefso/BABFBJAB.htm)
+- [@article@SQL 'BEGIN' & 'END' Statements](https://reintech.io/blog/understanding-sql-begin-end-statements-guide)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/case@W2ePJHdfEiEJ3ZKoRQKt_.md b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/case@W2ePJHdfEiEJ3ZKoRQKt_.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b2306ae11
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/case@W2ePJHdfEiEJ3ZKoRQKt_.md
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# CASE
+
+The CASE statement in SQL is used to create conditional logic within a query, allowing you to perform different actions based on specific conditions. It operates like an if-else statement, returning different values depending on the outcome of each condition. The syntax typically involves specifying one or more WHEN conditions, followed by the result for each condition, and an optional ELSE clause for a default outcome if none of the conditions are met.
+
+Learn more from the following resources:
+
+- [@article@SQL CASE Expression](https://www.w3schools.com/sql/sql_case.asp)
+- [@article@SQL CASE - Intermediate SQL](https://mode.com/sql-tutorial/sql-case)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/ceiling@BAqJQvcguhIhzyII5LRH6.md b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/ceiling@BAqJQvcguhIhzyII5LRH6.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c14434969
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/ceiling@BAqJQvcguhIhzyII5LRH6.md
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# CEILING
+
+The `CEILING()` function in SQL returns the smallest integer greater than or equal to a given numeric value. It's useful when you need to round up a number to the nearest whole number, regardless of whether the number is already an integer or a decimal. For example, `CEILING(4.2)` would return `5`, and `CEILING(-4.7)` would return `-4`. This function is commonly used in scenarios where rounding up is necessary, such as calculating the number of pages needed to display a certain number of items when each page has a fixed capacity.
+
+Learn more from the following resources:
+
+- [@article@CEILING Function in SQL](https://www.javatpoint.com/ceiling-function-in-sql)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/check@Q0h9Wfnl_W9ThOkv7Q17A.md b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/check@Q0h9Wfnl_W9ThOkv7Q17A.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..00d4efea0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/check@Q0h9Wfnl_W9ThOkv7Q17A.md
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# CHECK
+
+A `CHECK` constraint in SQL is used to enforce data integrity by specifying a condition that must be true for each row in a table. It allows you to define custom rules or restrictions on the values that can be inserted or updated in one or more columns. `CHECK` constraints help maintain data quality by preventing invalid or inconsistent data from being added to the database, ensuring that only data meeting specified criteria is accepted.
+
+Learn more from the following resources:
+
+- [@article@CHECK - PostgreSQL](https://www.postgresqltutorial.com/postgresql-tutorial/postgresql-check/)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/coalesce@k7lZe4QRt9q4InUImFmvx.md b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/coalesce@k7lZe4QRt9q4InUImFmvx.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..be5fb2207
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/coalesce@k7lZe4QRt9q4InUImFmvx.md
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# COALESCE
+
+`COALESCE` is an SQL function that returns the first non-null value in a list of expressions. It's commonly used to handle null values or provide default values in queries. `COALESCE` evaluates its arguments in order and returns the first non-null result, making it useful for data cleaning, report generation, and simplifying complex conditional logic in SQL statements.
+
+Learn more from the following resources:
+
+- [@article@How to use the COALESCE function in SQL](https://learnsql.com/blog/coalesce-function-sql/)
+- [@article@COALESCE - PostgreSQL](https://www.postgresqltutorial.com/postgresql-tutorial/postgresql-coalesce/)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/column@wmtt-3auWLdQWuVdwZLPd.md b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/column@wmtt-3auWLdQWuVdwZLPd.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7d47be903
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/column@wmtt-3auWLdQWuVdwZLPd.md
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# Column
+
+In SQL, columns are used to categorize the data in a table. A column serves as a structure that stores a specific type of data (ints, str, bool, etc.) in a table. Each column in a table is designed with a type, which configures the data that it can hold. Using the right column types and size can help to maintain data integrity and optimize performance. 
+
+Learn more from the following resources:
+
+- [@article@SQL Column](https://www.w3schools.com/sql/sql_ref_column.asp)
+- [@article@Column Types - PostgreSQL](https://www.postgresqltutorial.com/postgresql-tutorial/postgresql-data-types/)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/commit@3cMECz5QPVDOFrk5duObs.md b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/commit@3cMECz5QPVDOFrk5duObs.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ab4f680e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/commit@3cMECz5QPVDOFrk5duObs.md
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+# COMMIT
+
+The SQL COMMIT command is used to save all the modifications made by the current transaction to the database. A COMMIT command ends the current transaction and makes permanent all changes performed in the transaction. It is a way of ending your transaction and saving your changes to the database.
+
+After the SQL COMMIT statement is executed, it can not be rolled back, which means you can't undo the operations. COMMIT command is used when the user is satisfied with the changes made in the transaction, and these changes can now be made permanent in the database.
+
+Learn more from the following resources:
+
+- [@article@SQL COMMIT and ROLLBACK](https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/sql-commit-sql-rollback)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/common-table-expressions@tedQynR0xicVKhuR1oahw.md b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/common-table-expressions@tedQynR0xicVKhuR1oahw.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..18f08aa92
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/common-table-expressions@tedQynR0xicVKhuR1oahw.md
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# CTEs (Common Table Expressions)
+
+Common Table Expressions (CTEs) in SQL are named temporary result sets that exist within the scope of a single `SELECT`, `INSERT`, `UPDATE`, `DELETE`, or `MERGE` statement. Defined using the `WITH` clause, CTEs act like virtual tables that can be referenced multiple times within a query. They improve query readability, simplify complex queries by breaking them into manageable parts, and allow for recursive queries. CTEs are particularly useful for hierarchical or graph-like data structures and can enhance query performance in some database systems.
+
+Learn more from the following resources:
+
+- [@article@Common Table Expressions (CTEs)](https://hightouch.com/sql-dictionary/sql-common-table-expression-cte)
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/concat@5inpEqafeVCfqsURHzQQg.md b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/concat@5inpEqafeVCfqsURHzQQg.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d720a0a6d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/concat@5inpEqafeVCfqsURHzQQg.md
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# CONCAT
+
+`CONCAT` is an SQL function used to combine two or more strings into a single string. It takes multiple input strings as arguments and returns a new string that is the concatenation of all the input strings in the order they were provided. `CONCAT` is commonly used in `SELECT` statements to merge data from multiple columns, create custom output formats, or generate dynamic SQL statements.
+
+Learn more from the following resources:
+
+- [@article@An overview of the CONCAT function in SQL](https://www.sqlshack.com/an-overview-of-the-concat-function-in-sql-with-examples/)
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/correlated-subqueries@JZqS3Xapw6mfSPVgFW7av.md b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/correlated-subqueries@JZqS3Xapw6mfSPVgFW7av.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..78a878bac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/correlated-subqueries@JZqS3Xapw6mfSPVgFW7av.md
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# Correlated Subqueries
+
+In SQL, a correlated subquery is a subquery that uses values from the outer query in its `WHERE` clause. The correlated subquery is evaluated once for each row processed by the outer query. It exists because it depends on the outer query and it cannot execute independently of the outer query because the subquery is correlated with the outer query as it uses its column in its `WHERE` clause.
+
+Learn more from the following resources:
+
+- [@official@Correlated Subqueries](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.4/en/correlated-subqueries.html)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/count@9aHYrOQDkA84tlxcVK5aD.md b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/count@9aHYrOQDkA84tlxcVK5aD.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..45e58c00f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/count@9aHYrOQDkA84tlxcVK5aD.md
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# COUNT
+
+`COUNT` is an SQL aggregate function that returns the number of rows that match the specified criteria. It can be used to count all rows in a table, non-null values in a specific column, or rows that meet certain conditions when combined with a `WHERE` clause. `COUNT` is often used in data analysis, reporting, and performance optimization queries to determine the size of datasets or the frequency of particular values.
+
+Learn more from the following resources:
+
+- [@article@COUNT](https://www.w3schools.com/sql/sql_count.asp)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/create-table@epEpBxRosLhuAuKwp823r.md b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/create-table@epEpBxRosLhuAuKwp823r.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..392d08541
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/create-table@epEpBxRosLhuAuKwp823r.md
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# Create Table
+
+`CREATE TABLE` is an SQL statement used to define and create a new table in a database. It specifies the table name, column names, data types, and optional constraints such as primary keys, foreign keys, and default values. This statement establishes the structure of the table, defining how data will be stored and organized within it. `CREATE TABLE` is a fundamental command in database management, essential for setting up the schema of a database and preparing it to store data.
+
+Learn more from the following resources:
+
+- [@article@CREATE TABLE](https://www.tutorialspoint.com/sql/sql-create-table.htm)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/creating-views@PcsGK4VBh0zNQIPZvNES4.md b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/creating-views@PcsGK4VBh0zNQIPZvNES4.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c0bd413a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/creating-views@PcsGK4VBh0zNQIPZvNES4.md
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# Creating Views
+
+Creating views in SQL involves using the `CREATE VIEW` statement to define a virtual table based on the result of a `SELECT` query. Views don't store data themselves but provide a way to present data from one or more tables in a specific format. They can simplify complex queries, enhance data security by restricting access to underlying tables, and provide a consistent interface for querying frequently used data combinations. Views can be queried like regular tables and are often used to encapsulate business logic or present data in a more user-friendly manner.
+
+Learn more from the following resources:
+
+- [@article@How to create a view in SQL](https://www.sqlshack.com/how-to-create-a-view-in-sql-server/)
+- [@video@SQL Views in 4 minutes](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vLLkNI-vkV8)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/cross-join@7ow6tiSSCnTpv_GYQU017.md b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/cross-join@7ow6tiSSCnTpv_GYQU017.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..80895fd11
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/cross-join@7ow6tiSSCnTpv_GYQU017.md
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+# Cross Join
+
+The cross join in SQL is used to combine every row of the first table with every row of the second table. It's also known as the Cartesian product of the two tables. The most important aspect of performing a cross join is that it does not require any condition to join.
+
+The issue with cross join is it returns the Cartesian product of the two tables, which can result in large numbers of rows and heavy resource usage. It's hence critical to use them wisely and only when necessary.
+
+Learn more from the following resources:
+
+- [@article@CROSS JOIN](https://www.w3schools.com/mysql/mysql_join_cross.asp)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/data-constraints@qBios3sZVhcJMpXmj9f7B.md b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/data-constraints@qBios3sZVhcJMpXmj9f7B.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..83b4efa82
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/data-constraints@qBios3sZVhcJMpXmj9f7B.md
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# Data Constraints
+
+Data constraints in SQL are rules applied to columns or tables to enforce data integrity and consistency. They include primary key, foreign key, unique, check, and not null constraints. These constraints define limitations on the data that can be inserted, updated, or deleted in a database, ensuring that the data meets specific criteria and maintains relationships between tables. By implementing data constraints, database designers can prevent invalid data entry, maintain referential integrity, and enforce business rules directly at the database level.
+
+Learn more from the following resources:
+
+- [@article@Data Constraints](https://www.w3schools.com/sql/sql_constraints.asp)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/data-definition-language-ddl@xPOeXK1EPBNG56vgfG-VV.md b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/data-definition-language-ddl@xPOeXK1EPBNG56vgfG-VV.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..724d94d7b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/data-definition-language-ddl@xPOeXK1EPBNG56vgfG-VV.md
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# Data Definition Language (DDL)
+
+Data Definition Language (DDL) is a subset of SQL used to define and manage the structure of database objects. DDL commands include `CREATE`, `ALTER`, `DROP`, and `TRUNCATE`, which are used to create, modify, delete, and empty database structures such as tables, indexes, views, and schemas. These commands allow database administrators and developers to define the database schema, set up relationships between tables, and manage the overall structure of the database. DDL statements typically result in immediate changes to the database structure and can affect existing data.
+
+Learn more from the following resources:
+
+- [@article@Data Definition Language (DDL)](https://docs.getdbt.com/terms/ddl)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/data-integrity--security@R1ktDJpXOz0PTllAcBrdu.md b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/data-integrity--security@R1ktDJpXOz0PTllAcBrdu.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6a346732a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/data-integrity--security@R1ktDJpXOz0PTllAcBrdu.md
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# Data Integrity and Security
+
+Data integrity and security in SQL encompass measures and techniques to ensure data accuracy, consistency, and protection within a database. This includes implementing constraints (like primary keys and foreign keys), using transactions to maintain data consistency, setting up user authentication and authorization, encrypting sensitive data, and regularly backing up the database.
+
+SQL provides various tools and commands to enforce data integrity rules, control access to data, and protect against unauthorized access or data corruption, ensuring the reliability and confidentiality of stored information.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/data-integrity-constraints@mBQ3Z8GlFcpIena3IB7D_.md b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/data-integrity-constraints@mBQ3Z8GlFcpIena3IB7D_.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2b8f22e45
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/data-integrity-constraints@mBQ3Z8GlFcpIena3IB7D_.md
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+# Data Integrity Constraints
+
+SQL constraints are used to specify rules for the data in a table. They ensure the accuracy and reliability of the data within the table. If there is any violation between the constraint and the action, the action is aborted by the constraint.
+
+Constraints are classified into two types: column level and table level. Column level constraints apply to individual columns whereas table level constraints apply to the entire table. Each constraint has its own purpose and usage, utilizing them effectively helps maintain the accuracy and integrity of the data.
+
+Learn more from the following resources:
+
+- [@article@Integrity Constraints in SQL: A Guide With Examples](https://www.datacamp.com/tutorial/integrity-constraints-sql)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/data-manipulation-language-dml@WMSXi-eez_hHGDM8kUdWz.md b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/data-manipulation-language-dml@WMSXi-eez_hHGDM8kUdWz.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c5138ceda
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/data-manipulation-language-dml@WMSXi-eez_hHGDM8kUdWz.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# Data Manipulation Language (DML)
+
+Data Manipulation Language (DML) is a subset of SQL used to manage data within database objects. It includes commands like `SELECT`, `INSERT`, `UPDATE`, and `DELETE`, which allow users to retrieve, add, modify, and remove data from tables. DML statements operate on the data itself rather than the database structure, enabling users to interact with the stored information. These commands are essential for day-to-day database operations, data analysis, and maintaining the accuracy and relevance of the data within a database system.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/data-types@tBzMDfCMh6MIagNaxCzin.md b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/data-types@tBzMDfCMh6MIagNaxCzin.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..351e22d53
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/data-types@tBzMDfCMh6MIagNaxCzin.md
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# Data Types
+
+SQL data types define the kind of values that can be stored in a column and determine how the data is stored, processed, and retrieved. Common data types include numeric types (`INTEGER`, `DECIMAL`), character types (`CHAR`, `VARCHAR`), date and time types (`DATE`, `TIMESTAMP`), binary types (`BLOB`), and boolean types. Each database management system may have its own specific set of data types with slight variations. Choosing the appropriate data type for each column is crucial for optimizing storage, ensuring data integrity, and improving query performance.
+
+Learn more from the following resources:
+
+- [@article@SQL Data Types](https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/sql-data-types)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/date@Ivqo2wa-_NhGU3vGd0pUI.md b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/date@Ivqo2wa-_NhGU3vGd0pUI.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4fda764f2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/date@Ivqo2wa-_NhGU3vGd0pUI.md
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# DATE
+
+The DATE data type in SQL is used to store calendar dates (typically in the format YYYY-MM-DD). It represents a specific day without any time information. DATE columns are commonly used for storing birthdates, event dates, or any other data that requires only day-level precision. SQL provides various functions to manipulate and format DATE values, allowing for date arithmetic, extraction of date components, and comparison between dates. The exact range of valid dates may vary depending on the specific database management system being used.
+
+Learn more from the following resources:
+
+- [@article@SQL DATE](https://www.w3schools.com/sql/sql_dates.asp)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/dateadd@1E1WdWOyqxbbdiIbw26dZ.md b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/dateadd@1E1WdWOyqxbbdiIbw26dZ.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..aa75c0ac8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/dateadd@1E1WdWOyqxbbdiIbw26dZ.md
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# DATEADD
+
+`DATEADD` is an SQL function used to add or subtract a specified time interval to a date or datetime value. It typically takes three arguments: the interval type (e.g., day, month, year), the number of intervals to add or subtract, and the date to modify. This function is useful for date calculations, such as finding future or past dates, calculating durations, or generating date ranges. The exact syntax and name of this function may vary slightly between different database management systems (e.g., `DATEADD` in SQL Server, `DATE_ADD` in MySQL).
+
+Learn more from the following resources:
+
+- [@article@DATEADD](https://www.mssqltips.com/sqlservertutorial/9380/sql-dateadd-function/)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/datepart@BJ4fQvagTO0B5UtXblyx8.md b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/datepart@BJ4fQvagTO0B5UtXblyx8.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f42c3d401
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/datepart@BJ4fQvagTO0B5UtXblyx8.md
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# DATEPART
+
+`DATEPART` is a useful function in SQL that allows you to extract a specific part of a date or time field. You can use it to get the year, quarter, month, day of the year, day, week, weekday, hour, minute, second, or millisecond from any date or time expression.
+
+Learn more from the following resources:
+
+- [@article@DATEPART](https://www.w3schools.com/sql/func_sqlserver_datepart.asp)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/112-integrity-security/102-security-best-practices.md b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/db-security-best-practices@vhBZqqmUcEon6-Vwvla4q.md
similarity index 82%
rename from src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/112-integrity-security/102-security-best-practices.md
rename to src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/db-security-best-practices@vhBZqqmUcEon6-Vwvla4q.md
index a73c9220b..7f745fa33 100644
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/112-integrity-security/102-security-best-practices.md
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/db-security-best-practices@vhBZqqmUcEon6-Vwvla4q.md
@@ -42,4 +42,6 @@ Use a vulnerability scanner to assess the security posture of your SQL.
 
 SQL injection can be reduced by using parameterized queries or prepared statements.
 
-These practices can significantly improve your SQL security posture. However, remember that security is not a one-time effort, but a continuous process. Regular assessment and necessary updates are key.  Remember to keep an eye on security news concerning SQL Server and regularly check for new security risks or vulnerabilities.
\ No newline at end of file
+Learn more from the following resources:
+
+- [@article@What is database security?](https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/resources/cloud-computing-dictionary/what-is-database-security)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/delete@ddtVaA4Ls6qRj-7OtTSIH.md b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/delete@ddtVaA4Ls6qRj-7OtTSIH.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..10edbe369
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/delete@ddtVaA4Ls6qRj-7OtTSIH.md
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+# Delete
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/delete@zWnvuHJLHr03PWkrW1wZZ.md b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/delete@zWnvuHJLHr03PWkrW1wZZ.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e233b06b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/delete@zWnvuHJLHr03PWkrW1wZZ.md
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# DELETE
+
+DELETE is an SQL statement used to remove one or more rows from a table. It allows you to specify which rows to delete using a WHERE clause, or delete all rows if no condition is provided. DELETE is part of the Data Manipulation Language (DML) and is used for data maintenance, removing outdated or incorrect information, or implementing business logic that requires data removal. When used without a WHERE clause, it empties the entire table while preserving its structure, unlike the TRUNCATE command.
+
+Learn more from the following resources:
+
+- [@article@DELETE](https://www.w3schools.com/sql/sql_delete.asp)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/dense_rank@QM0ltgPu8lLLYc2MsTLj-.md b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/dense_rank@QM0ltgPu8lLLYc2MsTLj-.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..72ebae893
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/dense_rank@QM0ltgPu8lLLYc2MsTLj-.md
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+# dense_rank
+
+`DENSE_RANK` is a window function in SQL that assigns a rank to each row within a window partition, with no gaps in the ranking numbers. 
+
+Unlike the `RANK` function, `DENSE_RANK` does not skip any rank (positions in the order). If you have, for example, 1st, 2nd, and 2nd, the next rank listed would be 3rd when using `DENSE_RANK`, whereas it would be 4th using the `RANK` function. The `DENSE_RANK` function operates on a set of rows, called a window, and in that window, values are compared to each other.
+
+Learn more from the following resources:
+
+- [@article@SQL DENSE_RANK](https://www.sqltutorial.org/sql-window-functions/sql-dense_rank/)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/drop-table@YzJ6QmY2arMfRzMAPaI0T.md b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/drop-table@YzJ6QmY2arMfRzMAPaI0T.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..571bf834d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/drop-table@YzJ6QmY2arMfRzMAPaI0T.md
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+# Drop Table
+
+The `DROP TABLE` statement is a Data Definition Language (DDL) operation that is used to completely remove a table from the database. This operation deletes the table structure along with all the data in it, effectively removing the table from the database system.
+
+When you execute the `DROP TABLE` statement, it eliminates both the table and its data, as well as any associated indexes, constraints, and triggers. Unlike the `TRUNCATE TABLE` statement, which only removes data but keeps the table structure, `DROP TABLE` removes everything associated with the table.
+
+Learn more from the following resources:
+
+- [@article@DROP TABLE](https://www.w3schools.com/sql/sql_drop_table.asp)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/dropping-views@MIOuWWcCjLAmgzog2DBC3.md b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/dropping-views@MIOuWWcCjLAmgzog2DBC3.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0f9cadc9b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/dropping-views@MIOuWWcCjLAmgzog2DBC3.md
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# Dropping Views
+
+Dropping views in SQL involves using the `DROP VIEW` statement to remove an existing view from the database. This operation permanently deletes the view definition, but it doesn't affect the underlying tables from which the view was created. Dropping a view is typically done when the view is no longer needed, needs to be replaced with a different definition, or as part of database maintenance. It's important to note that dropping a view can impact other database objects or applications that depend on it, so caution should be exercised when performing this operation.
+
+Learn more from the following resources:
+
+- [@article@DROP VIEW](https://study.com/academy/lesson/sql-drop-view-tutorial-overview.html)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/dynamic-sql@z5Sf0VU14ZCQ80kL1qOqc.md b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/dynamic-sql@z5Sf0VU14ZCQ80kL1qOqc.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cb2c667e4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/dynamic-sql@z5Sf0VU14ZCQ80kL1qOqc.md
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+# Dynamic SQL
+
+Dynamic SQL is a programming method that allows you to build SQL statements dynamically at runtime. It allows you to create more flexible and adaptable applications because you can manipulate the SQL statements on the fly, in response to inputs or changing conditions.
+
+Consider an application where a user can choose multiple search conditions from a range of choices. You might not know how many conditions the user will choose, or what they'll be until runtime. With static SQL, you would have to include a large number of potential search conditions in your WHERE clause. With dynamic SQL, you can build the search string based on the user's actual choices. Note that while the use of Dynamic SQL offers greater flexibility, it also comes with potential security risks such as SQL Injection, and should be used judiciously. Always validate and sanitize inputs when building dynamic queries.
+
+Learn more from the following resources:
+
+- [@article@Dynamic SQL in SQL Server](https://www.sqlshack.com/dynamic-sql-in-sql-server/)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/floor@o2SH4iQn1Ap2yDZ7cVYLO.md b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/floor@o2SH4iQn1Ap2yDZ7cVYLO.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..adc53d1a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/floor@o2SH4iQn1Ap2yDZ7cVYLO.md
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+# FLOOR
+
+The SQL `FLOOR` function is used to round down any specific decimal or numeric value to its nearest whole integer. The returned number will be less than or equal to the number given as an argument.
+
+One important aspect to note is that the `FLOOR` function's argument must be a number and it always returns an integer.
+
+Learn more from the following resources:
+
+- [@article@FLOOR](https://www.w3schools.com/sql/func_sqlserver_floor.asp)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/foreign-key@DHz6sRLYhFeCbAcNJS8hm.md b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/foreign-key@DHz6sRLYhFeCbAcNJS8hm.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..83668301f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/foreign-key@DHz6sRLYhFeCbAcNJS8hm.md
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# Foreign Key
+
+A foreign key in SQL is a column or group of columns in one table that refers to the primary key of another table. It establishes a link between two tables, enforcing referential integrity and maintaining relationships between related data. Foreign keys ensure that values in the referencing table correspond to valid values in the referenced table, preventing orphaned records and maintaining data consistency across tables. They are crucial for implementing relational database designs and supporting complex queries that join multiple tables.
+
+Learn more from the following resources:
+
+- [@article@What is a foreign key?](https://www.cockroachlabs.com/blog/what-is-a-foreign-key/)
+
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/from@N1Racr3ZpU320gS545We8.md b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/from@N1Racr3ZpU320gS545We8.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..50e00432c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/from@N1Racr3ZpU320gS545We8.md
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+# FROM
+
+The `FROM` clause in SQL specifies the tables from which the retrieval should be made. It is an integral part of `SELECT` statements and variants of `SELECT` like `SELECT INTO` and `SELECT WHERE`. `FROM` can be used to join tables as well. 
+
+Typically, `FROM` is followed by space delimited list of tables in which the SELECT operation is to be executed. If you need to pull data from multiple tables, you would separate each table with a comma.
+
+Learn more from the following resources:
+
+- [@article@SQL FROM Keyword](https://www.w3schools.com/sql/sql_ref_from.asp)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/full-outer-join@aS5zCyJRA779yHF0G2pje.md b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/full-outer-join@aS5zCyJRA779yHF0G2pje.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3a8966e9a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/full-outer-join@aS5zCyJRA779yHF0G2pje.md
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# FULL OUTER JOIN
+
+A `FULL OUTER JOIN` in SQL combines the results of both `LEFT` and `RIGHT OUTER JOIN`s. It returns all rows from both tables, matching records where the join condition is met and including unmatched rows from both tables with `NULL` values in place of missing data. This join type is useful when you need to see all data from both tables, regardless of whether there are matching rows, and is particularly valuable for identifying missing relationships or performing data reconciliation between two tables.
+
+Learn more from the following resources:
+
+- [@article@FULL OUTER JOIN](https://www.w3schools.com/sql/sql_join_full.asp)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/grant-and-revoke@03qMopxzjx_-dZbYw9b7J.md b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/grant-and-revoke@03qMopxzjx_-dZbYw9b7J.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..194ab697e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/grant-and-revoke@03qMopxzjx_-dZbYw9b7J.md
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# GRANT and REVOKE
+
+`GRANT` and `REVOKE` are SQL commands used to manage user permissions in a database. `GRANT` is used to give specific privileges (such as `SELECT`, `INSERT`, `UPDATE`, `DELETE`) on database objects to users or roles, while `REVOKE` is used to remove these privileges. These commands are essential for implementing database security, controlling access to sensitive data, and ensuring that users have appropriate permissions for their roles. By using `GRANT` and `REVOKE`, database administrators can fine-tune access control, adhering to the principle of least privilege in database management.
+
+Learn more from the following resources:
+
+- [@article@GRANT](https://www.ibm.com/docs/en/qmf/12.2.0?topic=privileges-sql-grant-statement)
+- [@article@REVOKE](https://www.ibm.com/docs/en/qmf/12.2.0?topic=privileges-sql-revoke-statement)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/group-by@14TKE6KhrH1yFtHcSZSXq.md b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/group-by@14TKE6KhrH1yFtHcSZSXq.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..822c694f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/group-by@14TKE6KhrH1yFtHcSZSXq.md
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# GROUP BY
+
+`GROUP BY` is an SQL clause used in `SELECT` statements to arrange identical data into groups. It's typically used with aggregate functions (like `COUNT`, `SUM`, `AVG`) to perform calculations on each group of rows. `GROUP BY` collects data across multiple records and groups the results by one or more columns, allowing for analysis of data at a higher level of granularity. This clause is fundamental for generating summary reports, performing data analysis, and creating meaningful aggregations of data in relational databases.
+
+Learn more from the following resources:
+
+- [@article@SQL GROUP BY](https://www.programiz.com/sql/group-by)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/group-by@Zw8IHfCCMSxmVjx5Ho5ff.md b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/group-by@Zw8IHfCCMSxmVjx5Ho5ff.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..742586d66
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/group-by@Zw8IHfCCMSxmVjx5Ho5ff.md
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# GROUP BY
+
+GROUP BY is an SQL clause used in SELECT statements to arrange identical data into groups. It's typically used with aggregate functions (like COUNT, SUM, AVG) to perform calculations on each group of rows. GROUP BY collects data across multiple records and groups the results by one or more columns, allowing for analysis of data at a higher level of granularity. This clause is fundamental for generating summary reports, performing data analysis, and creating meaningful aggregations of data in relational databases.
+
+Learn more from the following resources:
+
+- [@article@SQL GROUP BY](https://www.programiz.com/sql/group-by)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/having@HhICJpCK5__b-itUoEBES.md b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/having@HhICJpCK5__b-itUoEBES.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7cb74173f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/having@HhICJpCK5__b-itUoEBES.md
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# HAVING
+
+The `HAVING` clause is used in combination with the `GROUP BY` clause to filter the results of `GROUP BY`. It is used to mention conditions on the group functions, like `SUM`, `COUNT`, `AVG`, `MAX` or `MIN`.
+
+It's important to note that where `WHERE` clause introduces conditions on individual rows, `HAVING` introduces conditions on groups created by the `GROUP BY` clause.
+
+Also note, `HAVING` applies to summarized group records, whereas `WHERE` applies to individual records.
+
+Learn more from the following resources:
+
+- [@article@SQL HAVING Clause](https://www.programiz.com/sql/having)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/having@ytwCkSMTiTuemE0KVfAfy.md b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/having@ytwCkSMTiTuemE0KVfAfy.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..886143382
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/having@ytwCkSMTiTuemE0KVfAfy.md
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+# HAVING
+
+`HAVING` is a clause in SQL that allows you to filter result sets in a `GROUP BY` clause. It is used to mention conditions on the groups being selected. In other words, `HAVING` is mainly used with the `GROUP BY` clause to filter the results that a `GROUP BY` returns. 
+
+It’s similar to a `WHERE` clause, but operates on the results of a grouping. The `WHERE` clause places conditions on the selected columns, whereas the `HAVING` clause places conditions on groups created by the `GROUP BY` clause.
+
+Learn more from the following resources:
+
+- [@article@SQL HAVING Clause](https://www.programiz.com/sql/having)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/index.md b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/index.md
deleted file mode 100644
index 4e768b56d..000000000
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/index.md
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-# 
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/indexes@LcljR70T-OnzSrJJDqOWf.md b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/indexes@LcljR70T-OnzSrJJDqOWf.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b43a3891b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/indexes@LcljR70T-OnzSrJJDqOWf.md
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# Indexes
+
+Indexes in SQL are database objects that improve the speed of data retrieval operations on database tables. They work similarly to book indexes, providing a quick lookup mechanism for finding rows with specific column values. Indexes create a separate data structure that allows the database engine to locate data without scanning the entire table. While they speed up `SELECT` queries, indexes can slow down `INSERT`, `UPDATE`, and `DELETE` operations because the index structure must be updated. Proper index design is crucial for optimizing database performance, especially for large tables or frequently queried columns.
+
+Learn more from the following resources:
+
+- [@article@Create SQL Index Statement](https://www.w3schools.com/sql/sql_create_index.asp)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/inner-join@aaua13CkTxLOYXr8cAgPm.md b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/inner-join@aaua13CkTxLOYXr8cAgPm.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f8bc1d90e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/inner-join@aaua13CkTxLOYXr8cAgPm.md
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+# INNER JOIN
+
+An `INNER JOIN` in SQL is a type of join that returns the records with matching values in both tables. This operation compares each row of the first table with each row of the second table to find all pairs of rows that satisfy the join predicate.
+
+Few things to consider in case of `INNER JOIN`:
+
+- It is a default join in SQL. If you mention `JOIN` in your query without specifying the type, SQL considers it as an `INNER JOIN`.
+- It returns only the matching rows from both the tables.
+- If there is no match, the returned is an empty result.
+
+Learn more from the following resources:
+
+- [@article@SQL INNER JOIN](https://www.w3schools.com/sql/sql_join_inner.asp)
+- [@article@SQL INNER JOIN Clause](https://www.programiz.com/sql/inner-join)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/insert@-Hew0y53ziZK3epQnGA0O.md b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/insert@-Hew0y53ziZK3epQnGA0O.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f5591a3c8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/insert@-Hew0y53ziZK3epQnGA0O.md
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# INSERT
+
+The "INSERT" statement is used to add new rows of data to a table in a database. There are two main forms of the INSERT command: `INSERT INTO` which, if columns are not named, expects a full set of columns, and `INSERT INTO table_name (column1, column2, ...)` where only named columns will be filled with data.
+
+Learn more from the following resources:
+
+- [@article@SQL INSERT](https://www.w3schools.com/sql/sql_insert.asp)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/insert@mPj6BiK5FKKkIQ9WsWEo6.md b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/insert@mPj6BiK5FKKkIQ9WsWEo6.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1e2c81e8b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/insert@mPj6BiK5FKKkIQ9WsWEo6.md
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+# Insert
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/join-queries@8V6yw7kLaow-VVcv_K_pL.md b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/join-queries@8V6yw7kLaow-VVcv_K_pL.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f15c9f529
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/join-queries@8V6yw7kLaow-VVcv_K_pL.md
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# SQL JOIN Queries
+
+SQL `JOIN` queries combine rows from two or more tables based on a related column between them. There are several types of JOINs, including INNER JOIN (returns matching rows), `LEFT JOIN` (returns all rows from the left table and matching rows from the right), `RIGHT JOIN` (opposite of `LEFT JOIN`), and `FULL JOIN` (returns all rows when there's a match in either table). `JOIN`s are fundamental for working with relational databases, allowing users to retrieve data from multiple tables in a single query, establish relationships between tables, and perform complex data analysis across related datasets.
+
+Learn more from the following resources:
+
+- [@article@7 SQL JOIN Examples With Detailed Explanations](https://learnsql.com/blog/sql-join-examples-with-explanations/)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/joins@4UQQYbjzwVxZOAxBuXKQS.md b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/joins@4UQQYbjzwVxZOAxBuXKQS.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d465ea4c9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/joins@4UQQYbjzwVxZOAxBuXKQS.md
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# JOINs
+
+SQL `JOINs` are clauses used to combine rows from two or more tables based on a related column between them. They allow retrieval of data from multiple tables in a single query, enabling complex data analysis and reporting. The main types of `JOINs` include `INNER JOIN` (returns matching rows from both tables), `LEFT JOIN` (returns all rows from the left table and matching rows from the right), `RIGHT JOIN` (opposite of `LEFT JOIN`), and `FULL JOIN` (returns all rows when there's a match in either table). `JOINs` are fundamental to relational database operations, facilitating data integration and exploration across related datasets.
+
+Learn more from the following resources:
+
+- [@article@SQL JOINs Cheat Sheet](https://www.datacamp.com/cheat-sheet/sql-joins-cheat-sheet)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/lag@BcXdxY6bld5c0YNFSKkh-.md b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/lag@BcXdxY6bld5c0YNFSKkh-.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..76b45db14
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/lag@BcXdxY6bld5c0YNFSKkh-.md
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# lag
+
+`LAG` is a window function in SQL that provides access to a row at a specified offset prior to the current row within a partition. It allows you to compare the current row's values with previous rows' values without using self-joins. LAG is particularly useful for calculating running differences, identifying trends, or comparing sequential data points in time-series analysis. The function takes the column to offset, the number of rows to offset (default is 1), and an optional default value to return when the offset goes beyond the partition's boundary.
+
+Learn more from the following resources:
+
+- [@article@Understanding the LAG function in SQL](https://www.datacamp.com/tutorial/sql-lag)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/lead@aJJjaGunRrwyh9MjQfJt-.md b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/lead@aJJjaGunRrwyh9MjQfJt-.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1e9ad07cd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/lead@aJJjaGunRrwyh9MjQfJt-.md
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# lead
+
+`LEAD` is a window function in SQL that provides access to a row at a specified offset after the current row within a partition. It's the counterpart to the `LAG` function, allowing you to look ahead in your dataset rather than behind. `LEAD` is useful for comparing current values with future values, calculating forward-looking metrics, or analyzing trends in sequential data. Like `LAG`, it takes arguments for the column to offset, the number of rows to look ahead (default is 1), and an optional default value when the offset exceeds the partition's boundary.
+
+Learn more from the following resources:
+
+- [@article@SQL LEAD](https://www.codecademy.com/resources/docs/sql/window-functions/lead)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/100-introduction/index.md b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/learn-the-basics@nhUKKWyBH80nyKfGT8ErC.md
similarity index 100%
rename from src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/100-introduction/index.md
rename to src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/learn-the-basics@nhUKKWyBH80nyKfGT8ErC.md
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/left-join@X9cJJ8zLZCF2cOoqxwFfY.md b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/left-join@X9cJJ8zLZCF2cOoqxwFfY.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8fb0c7ca8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/left-join@X9cJJ8zLZCF2cOoqxwFfY.md
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# LEFT JOIN
+
+A `LEFT JOIN` in SQL returns all rows from the left (first) table and the matching rows from the right (second) table. If there's no match in the right table, `NULL` values are returned for those columns. This join type is useful when you want to see all records from one table, regardless of whether they have corresponding entries in another table. `LEFT JOIN`s are commonly used for finding missing relationships, creating reports that include all primary records, or when working with data where not all entries have corresponding matches in related tables.
+
+Learn more from the following resources:
+
+- [@article@SQL LEFT JOIN](https://www.w3schools.com/sql/sql_join_left.asp)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/length@RH8DLiQpDUWqw3U1522q5.md b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/length@RH8DLiQpDUWqw3U1522q5.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7c43a07e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/length@RH8DLiQpDUWqw3U1522q5.md
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# LENGTH
+
+The `LENGTH` function in SQL returns the number of characters in a string. It's used to measure the size of text data, which can be helpful for data validation, formatting, or analysis. In some database systems, `LENGTH` may count characters differently for multi-byte character sets. Most SQL dialects support `LENGTH`, but some may use alternative names like LEN (in SQL Server) or `CHAR_LENGTH`. This function is particularly useful for enforcing character limits, splitting strings, or identifying anomalies in string data.
+
+Learn more from the following resources:
+
+- [@article@How to Check the Length of a String in SQL](https://learnsql.com/cookbook/how-to-check-the-length-of-a-string-in-sql/)
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diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/lower@knTG6pAq2mYP24WMa29xI.md b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/lower@knTG6pAq2mYP24WMa29xI.md
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@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# LOWER
+
+The `LOWER` function in SQL converts all characters in a specified string to lowercase. It's a string manipulation function that takes a single argument (the input string) and returns the same string with all alphabetic characters converted to their lowercase equivalents. `LOWER` is useful for standardizing data, making case-insensitive comparisons, or formatting output. It doesn't affect non-alphabetic characters or numbers in the string. `LOWER` is commonly used in data cleaning, search operations, and ensuring consistent data representation across different systems.
+
+Learn more from the following resources:
+
+- [@article@How to change text to lowercase in SQL](https://learnsql.com/cookbook/how-to-change-text-to-lowercase-in-sql/)
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diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/managing-indexes@NtxGd6Vx-REBclry7lZuE.md b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/managing-indexes@NtxGd6Vx-REBclry7lZuE.md
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@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# Managing Indexes
+
+Managing indexes in SQL involves creating, modifying, and dropping indexes to optimize database performance. This process includes identifying columns that benefit from indexing (frequently queried or used in JOIN conditions), creating appropriate index types (e.g., single-column, composite, unique), and regularly analyzing index usage and effectiveness. Database administrators must balance the improved query performance that indexes provide against the overhead they introduce for data modification operations. Proper index management also includes periodic maintenance tasks like rebuilding or reorganizing indexes to maintain their efficiency as data changes over time.
+
+Learn more from the following resources:
+
+- [@article@SQL Server Indexes](https://www.sqlservercentral.com/articles/sql-server-indexes)
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diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/max@YqDJq3fPxUZlwsdq0kJg7.md b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/max@YqDJq3fPxUZlwsdq0kJg7.md
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/max@YqDJq3fPxUZlwsdq0kJg7.md
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# MAX
+
+`MAX` is an aggregate function in SQL that returns the highest value in a set of values. It can be used with numeric, date, or string data types, selecting the maximum value from a specified column. `MAX` is often used in combination with `GROUP` BY to find the highest value within each group. This function is useful for various data analysis tasks, such as finding the highest salary, the most recent date, or the alphabetically last name in a dataset.
+
+Learn more from the following resources:
+
+- [@article@MAX](https://www.techonthenet.com/sql/max.php)
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diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/min@bFEYMlqPZtTUYtDQxqHzT.md b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/min@bFEYMlqPZtTUYtDQxqHzT.md
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+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/min@bFEYMlqPZtTUYtDQxqHzT.md
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# MIN
+
+`MIN` is an aggregate function in SQL that returns the lowest value in a set of values. It works with numeric, date, or string data types, selecting the minimum value from a specified column. Often used in conjunction with `GROUP BY`, `MIN` can find the smallest value within each group. This function is useful for various data analysis tasks, such as identifying the lowest price, earliest date, or alphabetically first name in a dataset.
+
+Learn more from the following resources:
+
+- [@article@SQL MAX & MIN](https://www.programiz.com/sql/min-and-max)
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diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/mod@OUw--8zEq6lk5-6oySVHe.md b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/mod@OUw--8zEq6lk5-6oySVHe.md
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+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/mod@OUw--8zEq6lk5-6oySVHe.md
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# MOD
+
+The `MOD` function in SQL calculates the remainder when one number is divided by another. It takes two arguments: the dividend and the divisor. `MOD` returns the remainder of the division operation, which is useful for various mathematical operations, including checking for odd/even numbers, implementing cyclic behaviors, or distributing data evenly. The syntax and exact behavior may vary slightly between different database systems, with some using the % operator instead of the `MOD` keyword.
+
+Learn more from the following resources:
+
+- [@article@MOD](https://www.w3schools.com/sql/func_mysql_mod.asp)
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diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/modifying-views@3eE-l-P93nOXoWfLr8PSW.md b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/modifying-views@3eE-l-P93nOXoWfLr8PSW.md
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@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# Modifying Views
+
+In SQL, you can modify a `VIEW` in two ways:
+
+- Using `CREATE` OR `REPLACE VIEW`: This command helps you modify a VIEW but keeps the VIEW name intact. This is beneficial when you want to change the definition of the `VIEW` but do not want to change the VIEW name.
+
+- Using the `DROP VIEW` and then `CREATE VIEW`: In this method, you first remove the `VIEW` using the `DROP VIEW` command and then recreate the view using the new definition with the `CREATE VIEW` command.
+
+Learn more from the following resources:
+
+- [@article@Modify Views in SQL Server](https://www.sqlshack.com/create-view-sql-modifying-views-in-sql-server/)
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diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/nested-subqueries@xkPJ2MYiXmzC4yqQWyB_7.md b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/nested-subqueries@xkPJ2MYiXmzC4yqQWyB_7.md
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+# Nested Subqueries
+
+In SQL, a subquery is a query that is nested inside a main query. If a subquery is nested inside another subquery, it is called a nested subquery. They can be used in SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE statements or inside another subquery.
+
+Nested subqueries can get complicated quickly, but they are essential for performing complex database tasks.
+
+Learn more from the following resources:
+
+- [@article@Nested Subqueries](https://www.studysmarter.co.uk/explanations/computer-science/databases/nested-subqueries-in-sql/)
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diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/not-null@M4M_-vjM9GNy0NmXZneDA.md b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/not-null@M4M_-vjM9GNy0NmXZneDA.md
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/not-null@M4M_-vjM9GNy0NmXZneDA.md
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+# NOT NULL
+
+The `NOT NULL` constraint in SQL ensures that a column cannot have a NULL value. Thus, every row/record must contain a value for that column. It is a way to enforce certain fields to be mandatory while inserting records or updating records in a table.
+
+For instance, if you're designing a table for employee data, you might want to ensure that the employee's `id` and `name` are always provided. In this case, you'd use the `NOT NULL` constraint.
+
+Learn more from the following resources:
+
+- [@article@SQL IS NULL and IS NOT NULL](https://www.programiz.com/sql/is-null-not-null)
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diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/nullif@KI6vngoYcHsnpIk8ErhhS.md b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/nullif@KI6vngoYcHsnpIk8ErhhS.md
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@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# NULLIF
+
+`NULLIF` is an SQL function that compares two expressions and returns NULL if they are equal, otherwise it returns the first expression. It's particularly useful for avoiding division by zero errors or for treating specific values as `NULL` in calculations or comparisons. `NULLIF` takes two arguments and is often used in combination with aggregate functions or in `CASE` statements to handle special cases in data processing or reporting.
+
+Learn more from the following resources:
+
+- [@article@NULLIF](https://www.w3schools.com/sql/func_sqlserver_nullif.asp)
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similarity index 100%
rename from src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/105-data-constraints/102-unique.md
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diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/103-dml/102-update.md b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/update@KJJ6PYjTnr_3yU2mNPL9v.md
similarity index 100%
rename from src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/103-dml/102-update.md
rename to src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/update@KJJ6PYjTnr_3yU2mNPL9v.md
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/update@eu9dJFi6gBPMBdy08Y5Bb.md b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/update@eu9dJFi6gBPMBdy08Y5Bb.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e69de29bb
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similarity index 100%
rename from src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/108-advanced-sql-functions/101-string/104-upper.md
rename to src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/upper@Othfo7NvTVzfyL906PLM1.md
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/114-perf-optimization/100-query-optimization/100-indexes.md b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/using-indexes@9wOgP0i9G4HSeZGn2Gm7r.md
similarity index 100%
rename from src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/114-perf-optimization/100-query-optimization/100-indexes.md
rename to src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/using-indexes@9wOgP0i9G4HSeZGn2Gm7r.md
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/109-views/index.md b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/views@2tyezwOIxV6O84N-Q3Awh.md
similarity index 100%
rename from src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/109-views/index.md
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diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/100-introduction/100-what-are-relational-databases.md b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/what-are-relational-databases@R9DQNc0AyAQ2HLpP4HOk6.md
similarity index 100%
rename from src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/100-introduction/100-what-are-relational-databases.md
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diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/103-dml/102-where.md b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/where@WhYAy6f7Euk3E49-ot644.md
similarity index 100%
rename from src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/103-dml/102-where.md
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diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/115-advanced-sql/102-window-functions/index.md b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/window-functions@tBvXLLp5FKeSSN35Kj1X4.md
similarity index 100%
rename from src/data/roadmaps/sql/content/115-advanced-sql/102-window-functions/index.md
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diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/migration-mapping.json b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/migration-mapping.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..75a6dd337
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/migration-mapping.json
@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+{
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+  "advanced-sql-functions:date-time:time": "88KlrMqSza9_YaD7Dv61p",
+  "advanced-sql-functions:date-time:datepart": "BJ4fQvagTO0B5UtXblyx8",
+  "advanced-sql-functions:date-time:dateadd": "1E1WdWOyqxbbdiIbw26dZ",
+  "advanced-sql-functions:date-time:timestamp": "7hEqkoxkdAWmakGZsMJx-",
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+  "transactions:acid": "igg34gLPl3HYVAmRNFGcV",
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+  "integrity-security:security-best-practices": "vhBZqqmUcEon6-Vwvla4q",
+  "stored-procedures-functions": "w7FNjdwqjY7X69aJqqBy4",
+  "perf-optimization": "4rqCPpTb0dAgpheBKshRG",
+  "perf-optimization:query-optimization:indexes": "9wOgP0i9G4HSeZGn2Gm7r",
+  "perf-optimization:query-optimization:optimizing-joins": "C0dhS6uLf4TUSfvcWyXhv",
+  "perf-optimization:query-optimization:reducing-subqueries": "UVTgbZrqpbYl1bQvQejcF",
+  "perf-optimization:query-optimization:selective-projection": "w53CSY53nAAN0ux-XeJ4c",
+  "perf-optimization:query-analysis": "C6P69YiFdS-ioPXMNfX07",
+  "advanced-sql": "UDqbT1y-YzBrljfKSz_RG",
+  "advanced-sql:recursive-queries": "TjgwabhEtaSoYMLNr6q9l",
+  "advanced-sql:pivot-unpivot": "nwFaz9i-1s0WVrVaFsoqb",
+  "advanced-sql:window-functions": "tBvXLLp5FKeSSN35Kj1X4",
+  "advanced-sql:ctes": "tedQynR0xicVKhuR1oahw",
+  "advanced-sql:dynamic-sql": "z5Sf0VU14ZCQ80kL1qOqc",
+  "advanced-sql:window-functions:rank": "cucCPw3KfetAP2OMFUs0X",
+  "advanced-sql:window-functions:dense-rank": "QM0ltgPu8lLLYc2MsTLj-",
+  "advanced-sql:window-functions:lead": "aJJjaGunRrwyh9MjQfJt-",
+  "advanced-sql:window-functions:lag": "BcXdxY6bld5c0YNFSKkh-",
+  "advanced-sql:window-functions:row-number": "zW27ZHdLwQY-85iqbBKQZ"
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/sql.json b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/sql.json
index 469b177b8..226030509 100644
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/sql.json
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/sql.json
@@ -1,7726 +1,5585 @@
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+      "source": "UDqbT1y-YzBrljfKSz_RG",
+      "sourceHandle": "z2",
+      "target": "z5Sf0VU14ZCQ80kL1qOqc",
+      "targetHandle": "y1",
+      "data": {
+        "edgeStyle": "dashed"
+      },
+      "id": "reactflow__edge-UDqbT1y-YzBrljfKSz_RGz2-z5Sf0VU14ZCQ80kL1qOqcy1",
+      "selected": false,
+      "focusable": true
+    },
+    {
+      "style": {
+        "strokeDasharray": "0",
+        "strokeLinecap": "round",
+        "strokeWidth": 3.5,
+        "stroke": "#2b78e4"
+      },
+      "source": "UDqbT1y-YzBrljfKSz_RG",
+      "sourceHandle": "x2",
+      "target": "GV_zWF6rSWg5bqgiXhOEf",
+      "targetHandle": "w1",
+      "data": {
+        "edgeStyle": "solid"
+      },
+      "id": "reactflow__edge-UDqbT1y-YzBrljfKSz_RGx2-GV_zWF6rSWg5bqgiXhOEfw1",
+      "selected": false,
+      "focusable": true
+    },
+    {
+      "style": {
+        "strokeDasharray": "0.8 8",
+        "strokeLinecap": "round",
+        "strokeWidth": 3.5,
+        "stroke": "#2b78e4"
+      },
+      "source": "WigElh37ztiRYRstQR9NE",
+      "sourceHandle": "z2",
+      "target": "zEWmq0Y1LFPMQelpucrph",
+      "targetHandle": "y1",
+      "data": {
+        "edgeStyle": "dashed"
+      },
+      "id": "reactflow__edge-WigElh37ztiRYRstQR9NEz2-zEWmq0Y1LFPMQelpucrphy1",
+      "selected": false
+    }
+  ]
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/sql.md b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/sql.md
index c66b327e3..0676b2201 100644
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/sql/sql.md
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/sql/sql.md
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 jsonUrl: '/jsons/roadmaps/sql.json'
 pdfUrl: '/pdfs/roadmaps/sql.pdf'
 order: 8
+renderer: 'editor'
 briefTitle: 'SQL'
 briefDescription: 'Step by step guide to learning SQL in 2024'
 title: 'SQL Roadmap'
@@ -10,7 +11,7 @@ isNew: false
 hasTopics: true
 dimensions:
   width: 968
-  height: 2116.16
+  height: 2270
 schema:
   headline: 'SQL Roadmap'
   description: 'Comprehensive roadmap to learn SQL from scratch in 2024. From basic syntax to advanced querying, this step-by-step guide will equip you with the skills needed to excel in database management and data analysis.'
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/terraform/content/provider@5FLOFTP_nCa3qi1wbV4qE.md b/src/data/roadmaps/terraform/content/provider@5FLOFTP_nCa3qi1wbV4qE.md
index d701405fc..fc55f4d57 100644
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/terraform/content/provider@5FLOFTP_nCa3qi1wbV4qE.md
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/terraform/content/provider@5FLOFTP_nCa3qi1wbV4qE.md
@@ -4,5 +4,5 @@ The `provider` meta-argument in Terraform specifies which provider configuration
 
 Learn more from the following resources:
 
-- [@official@Terraform Docs - for_each](https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/language/meta-arguments/resource-provider)
-- [@article@Terraform by Example - for_each](https://www.terraformbyexample.com/providers/)
\ No newline at end of file
+- [@official@Terraform Docs - provider](https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/language/meta-arguments/resource-provider)
+- [@article@Terraform by Example - provider](https://www.terraformbyexample.com/providers/)
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/typescript/typescript.json b/src/data/roadmaps/typescript/typescript.json
index 81888b1b4..63b225807 100644
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/typescript/typescript.json
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/typescript/typescript.json
@@ -3678,7 +3678,7 @@
       "selected": false,
       "data": {
         "label": "Backend",
-        "href": "https://roadmap.sh/react",
+        "href": "https://roadmap.sh/backend",
         "color": "#FFFFFf",
         "backgroundColor": "#4136D4",
         "style": {
diff --git a/src/data/roadmaps/vue/content/v-if@xHj3W9Ig3MVuVlGyXchaP.md b/src/data/roadmaps/vue/content/v-if@xHj3W9Ig3MVuVlGyXchaP.md
index 00153096d..76380bd94 100644
--- a/src/data/roadmaps/vue/content/v-if@xHj3W9Ig3MVuVlGyXchaP.md
+++ b/src/data/roadmaps/vue/content/v-if@xHj3W9Ig3MVuVlGyXchaP.md
@@ -1 +1,9 @@
-# v-if
\ No newline at end of file
+# v-if
+
+Conditionally render an element or a template fragment based on the truthy-ness of the expression value.
+
+When a `v-if` element is toggled, the element and its contained directives / components are destroyed and re-constructed. If the initial condition is falsy, then the inner content won't be rendered at all.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@official@v-if Documentation](https://vuejs.org/api/built-in-directives.html#v-if)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/lib/discord.ts b/src/lib/discord.ts
index 014aa06ed..7ad803593 100644
--- a/src/lib/discord.ts
+++ b/src/lib/discord.ts
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ export async function getDiscordInfo(): Promise<{
     };
   } catch (e) {
     discordStats = {
-      url: `https://discord.gg/cJpEt5Qbwa`,
+      url: `https://discord.gg/ZrSpJ8zH`,
       total: 17000,
       totalFormatted: '17k',
       online: 0,
diff --git a/src/lib/html.ts b/src/lib/html.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..38f8e193f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib/html.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+import TurndownService from "turndown";
+const turndown = new TurndownService();
+
+export function htmlToMarkdown(html: string) {
+  return turndown.turndown(html);
+}
diff --git a/src/lib/resource-progress.ts b/src/lib/resource-progress.ts
index 676ad28b5..8f56faa0b 100644
--- a/src/lib/resource-progress.ts
+++ b/src/lib/resource-progress.ts
@@ -111,6 +111,7 @@ export function clearMigratedRoadmapProgress(
     'nodejs',
     'typescript',
     'python',
+    'sql',
   ];
 
   if (!migratedRoadmaps.includes(resourceId)) {
@@ -388,6 +389,7 @@ export function refreshProgressCounters() {
     '.clickable-group',
     '[data-type="todo"]',
     '[data-type="topic"]',
+    '[data-type="checklist-item"]',
     '[data-type="subtopic"]',
     '.react-flow__node-topic',
     '.react-flow__node-subtopic',
diff --git a/src/pages/devops/devops-engineer.astro b/src/pages/devops/devops-engineer.astro
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c90546429
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pages/devops/devops-engineer.astro
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+---
+import GuideContent from '../../components/Guide/GuideContent.astro';
+import GuideHeader from '../../components/GuideHeader.astro';
+import BaseLayout from '../../layouts/BaseLayout.astro';
+import { getGuideById } from '../../lib/guide';
+import { getOpenGraphImageUrl } from '../../lib/open-graph';
+import { replaceVariables } from '../../lib/markdown';
+
+const guideId = 'devops-engineer';
+const guide = await getGuideById(guideId);
+
+const { frontmatter: guideData } = guide!;
+
+const ogImageUrl =
+  guideData.seo.ogImageUrl ||
+  getOpenGraphImageUrl({
+    group: 'guide',
+    resourceId: guideId,
+  });
+---
+
+<BaseLayout
+  title={replaceVariables(guideData.seo.title)}
+  description={replaceVariables(guideData.seo.description)}
+  permalink={guide.frontmatter.excludedBySlug}
+  canonicalUrl={guideData.canonicalUrl}
+  ogImageUrl={ogImageUrl}
+>
+  <GuideHeader guide={guide!} />
+  <GuideContent guide={guide!} />
+</BaseLayout>
diff --git a/src/pages/discord.astro b/src/pages/discord.astro
index 2d34a8a86..df02f1f1f 100644
--- a/src/pages/discord.astro
+++ b/src/pages/discord.astro
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 ---
 export const prerender = false;
-const discordLink = 'https://discord.gg/cJpEt5Qbwa';
+const discordLink = 'https://discord.gg/GBY7zEc3uB';
 
 return Astro.redirect(discordLink);
 ---
diff --git a/src/pages/frontend/how-to-become-frontend-developer.astro b/src/pages/frontend/how-to-become-frontend-developer.astro
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5a2f32954
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pages/frontend/how-to-become-frontend-developer.astro
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+---
+import GuideContent from '../../components/Guide/GuideContent.astro';
+import GuideHeader from '../../components/GuideHeader.astro';
+import BaseLayout from '../../layouts/BaseLayout.astro';
+import { getGuideById } from '../../lib/guide';
+import { getOpenGraphImageUrl } from '../../lib/open-graph';
+import { replaceVariables } from '../../lib/markdown';
+
+const guideId = 'how-to-become-frontend-developer';
+const guide = await getGuideById(guideId);
+
+const { frontmatter: guideData } = guide!;
+
+const ogImageUrl =
+  guideData.seo.ogImageUrl ||
+  getOpenGraphImageUrl({
+    group: 'guide',
+    resourceId: guideId,
+  });
+---
+
+<BaseLayout
+  title={replaceVariables(guideData.seo.title)}
+  description={replaceVariables(guideData.seo.description)}
+  permalink={guide.frontmatter.excludedBySlug}
+  canonicalUrl={guideData.canonicalUrl}
+  ogImageUrl={ogImageUrl}
+>
+  <GuideHeader guide={guide!} />
+  <GuideContent guide={guide!} />
+</BaseLayout>
diff --git a/src/pages/get-started.astro b/src/pages/get-started.astro
index 8cd1a5533..cda3f75d1 100644
--- a/src/pages/get-started.astro
+++ b/src/pages/get-started.astro
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ import {
   PenSquare,
   Component,
   Waypoints,
-  CheckSquare, Braces, FolderKanban, Coins, Megaphone,
+  CheckSquare, Braces, FolderKanban, Coins, Megaphone, GitBranch,
 } from 'lucide-react';
 import { SectionBadge } from '../components/GetStarted/SectionBadge';
 import { TipItem } from '../components/GetStarted/TipItem';
@@ -416,6 +416,12 @@ import { TipItem } from '../components/GetStarted/TipItem';
         link='/software-architect'
         description='Learn all you need to know to become a Software Architect.'
       />
+      <RoadmapCard
+        icon={GitBranch}
+        title='Git and GitHub'
+        link='/git-github'
+        description='Learn all you need to know to become a Git and GitHub expert.'
+      />
     </div>
   </RoleRoadmaps>