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#### PostgreSQL DBA Roadmap |
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|
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##### Learn basic RDBMS terms and concepts |
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Get basic understanding of Postgres key terms and basic RDBMS concepts. |
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- Object model: data types, columns, rows, tables, schemas, databases, queries. |
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- Relational model: domains, attributes, tuples, relations, constraints, NULL. |
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- Databases high-level concepts: ACID, MVCC, transactions, write-ahead log, query processing. |
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- Links: |
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- [Postgres Glossary](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/13/glossary.html) |
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- SQL and Relational Theory - Christopher J. Date, 2009 |
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- Database Design and Relational Theory - Christopher J. Date, 2012 |
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##### Learn how to install and run PostgreSQL |
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Get practical skills of how to set up and run Postgres to get a working environment for further learning. |
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- using package managers (APT, YUM, etc.) |
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- using `Docker`. |
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- managing Postgres service using `systemd` (start, stop, restart, reload). |
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- managing Postgres service using `pg_ctl`, or OS-specific tools (like `pg_ctlcluster`). |
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- connect to Postgres using `psql`. |
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- deploy database service in cloud environment (AWS, GCE, Azure, Heroku, DigitalOcean, etc...). |
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- Links: |
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- [Official download and install instructions](https://www.postgresql.org/download/) |
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- [Official Docker images](https://hub.docker.com/_/postgres) |
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##### Learn SQL concepts |
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Get practical skills of how to create and manipulate database objects and how to execute queries using `psql` client. |
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- Understanding basic data types. |
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- DML queries: querying data, modifying data, filtering data, joining tables. |
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- advanced topics: transactions, CTE, subqueries, lateral join, grouping, set operations. |
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- DDL queries: managing tables and schemas (create, alter, drop). |
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- Import and export data using `COPY`. |
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- Links: |
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- [DB Fiddle](https://www.db-fiddle.com/) |
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- [PostgreSQL Tutorial](https://www.postgresqltutorial.com/) |
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- [PostgreSQL SQL Getting Started](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/tutorial-sql.html) |
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- [The SQL Language](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/sql.html) |
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##### Learn how to configure Postgres |
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Get understanding of the main aspects of how Postgres could be configured. Deep understanding of Postgres internals is not yet necessary here. |
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- postgresql.conf: |
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- resources usage |
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- write-ahead log |
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- checkpoints and background writer |
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- cost-based vacuum and autovacuum |
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- replication |
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- query planner |
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- reporting, logging and statistics |
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- adding extra extensions |
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- ... keep exploring other configuration options |
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Links: |
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- [Postgresqlco.nf](http://postgresqlco.nf/) |
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##### Learn Postgres security concepts |
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Get understanding about basic security concepts and common ways of how to deploy secure configurations. |
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- Authentication models, roles, pg_hba.conf, SSL settings. |
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- Objects privileges: grant/revoke, default privileges. |
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- Advanced topics - row-level security, selinux. |
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- Links: |
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- [Client authentication](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/client-authentication.html) |
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- [Roles and users managements](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/user-manag.html) |
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##### Develop infrastructure DBA skills |
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Get practical skills of how to deploy, extend, maintain and support Postgres installations and 3rd-party Postgres ecosystem software. |
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- Replication: streaming replication, logical replication |
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- Backup/recovery tools: |
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- Built-in: `pg_dump`, `pg_dumpall`, `pg_restore`, `pg_basebackup` |
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- 3rd-party: `barman`, `pgbackrest`, `pg_probackup`, `WAL-G` |
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- Backup validation procedures |
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- Upgrading procedures |
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- minor and major upgrades using `pg_upgrade` |
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- upgrades using logical replication |
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- Connection pooling: |
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- `Pgbouncer` |
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- alternatives: `Pgpool-II`, `Odyssey`, `Pgagroal` |
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- Infrastructure monitoring: `Prometheus`, `Zabbix`, other favourite monitoring solution |
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- High availability and cluster management tools: |
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- `Patroni` |
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- alternatives: `Repmgr`, `Stolon`, `pg_auto_failover`, `PAF` |
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- Applications Load Balancing and Service Discovery: `Haproxy`, `Keepalived`, `Consul`, `Etcd` |
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- Deploy Postgres on `Kubernetes`: simple `StatefulSet` setup, `HELM`, operators |
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- Resource usage and provisioning, capacity planning |
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##### Learn how to automate routines |
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Get practical skills, learn automation tools and automate existing routine tasks. |
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- Automation using shell scripts or any other favourite language (`Bash`, `Python`, `Perl`, etc) |
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- Configuration management: `Ansible`, `Salt`, `Chef`, `Puppet` |
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##### Develop application DBA skills |
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Learn theory and get practical skills of how applications should work with Postgres |
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- Migrations: |
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- practical patterns and antipatterns |
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- tools: `liquibase`, `sqitch`, language-specific tools |
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- Data import/export, bulk loading and processing |
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- Queues: |
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- practical patterns and anti-patterns |
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- `Skytools PGQ` |
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- Data partitioning and sharding patterns. |
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- Database normalization and normal forms. |
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- Books: |
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- The Art of PostgreSQL - Dimitri Fontaine, 2020 |
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##### Learn Postgres advanced topics |
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Here is important to continuously extend and develop existing knowledge about Postgres. |
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- Low level internals: |
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- Processes and memory architecture |
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- Vacuum processing |
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- Buffer management |
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- Lock management |
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- [Physical storage and file layout](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/storage.html) |
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- [System catalog](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/catalogs.html) |
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- Fine-grained tuning: |
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- Per-user, per-database settings |
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- [Storage parameters](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/sql-createtable.html#SQL-CREATETABLE-STORAGE-PARAMETERS) |
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- Workload-dependant tuning: OLTP, OLAP, HTAP |
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- Advanced SQL topics: |
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- PL/pgSQL, procedures and functions, triggers |
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- aggregate and window functions |
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- recursive CTE |
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- Links: |
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- [The Internals of PostgreSQL](http://www.interdb.jp/pg/index.html) for database administrators and system developers |
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- [PL/pgSQL Guide](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/plpgsql.html) |
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##### Learn Postgres troubleshooting technics |
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Get basic understanding about troubleshooting tools and get practical skills of how to detect and resolve problems. |
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- Operating system tools |
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- `top` (`htop`, `atop`) |
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- `sysstat` |
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- `iotop` |
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- Postgres system views |
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- `pg_stat_activity` |
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- `pg_stat_statements` |
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- Postgres tools |
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- `pgcenter` - *personal recommendation* |
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- Query analyzing: |
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- [EXPLAIN](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/sql-explain.html) |
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- [Depesz](https://explain.depesz.com/) online EXPLAIN visualization tool |
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- [PEV](https://tatiyants.com/pev/#/plans) online EXPLAIN visualization tool |
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- [Tensor](https://explain.tensor.ru/) online EXPLAIN visualization tool, RU language only |
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- Log analyzing: |
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- `pgBadger` |
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- Ad-hoc analyzing using `grep`, `awk`, `sed`, etc. |
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- External tracing/profiling tools: `gdb`, `strace`, `perf-tools`, `ebpf`, core dumps |
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- Troubleshooting methods: USE, RED, Golden signals |
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- Links: |
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- [Linux Performance](http://www.brendangregg.com/linuxperf.html) by Brendan Gregg |
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- [USE Method](http://www.brendangregg.com/usemethod.html) |
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##### Learn SQL optimization technics |
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Get understanding and practical skills of how to optimize SQL queries. |
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- Indexes, and their use cases: B-tree, Hash, GiST, SP-GiST, GIN, BRIN |
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- SQL queries patterns and anti-patterns |
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- SQL schema design patterns and anti-patterns |
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- Links: |
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- [Use the Index, Luke](https://use-the-index-luke.com/) - a Guide to Database Performance for Developers |
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- Books: |
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- SQL Antipatterns: Avoiding the Pitfalls of Database Programming - Bill Karwin, 2010 |
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##### Develop architect skills |
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Get deeper understanding of Postgres use cases and where Postgres is suitable and where is not. |
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- Postgres forks and extensions: `Greenplum`, `Timescaledb`, `Citus`, `Postgres-XL`, etc. |
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- RDBMS in general, benefits and limitations |
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- Differences between Postgres and other RDBMS and NoSQL databases |
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##### Develop Postgres hacker skills |
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Get involved to Postgres community and contribute to Postgres; be a useful member of Postgres, and the open source community; use personal experience to help other people. |
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- daily reading and answering in [mailing lists](https://www.postgresql.org/list/) |
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- pgsql-general |
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- pgsql-admin |
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- pgsql-performance |
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- pgsql-hackers |
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- pgsql-bugs |
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- reviewing patches |
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- writing patches, attending in [Commitfests](https://commitfest.postgresql.org/) |
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## PostgreSQL DBA Roadmap |
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Roadmap to becoming a PostgreSQL Database Administrator |
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{ |
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"title": "PostgreSQL DBA Roadmap", |
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"description": "Step by step guide to becoming a modern PostgreSQL DBA", |
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"featuredDescription": "Step by step guide to becoming a modern PostgreSQL DBA in 2020", |
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"path": "./landscape.md", |
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"resources": "./resources.md", |
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"author": { |
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"name": "Alexey Lesovsky", |
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"url": "https://github.com/lesovsky" |
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}, |
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"featured": false, |
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"detailed": false, |
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"versions": [] |
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} |
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> **We are still preparing the resources**. Please check back later or [subscribe to get notified](/signup). |
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|
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While we prepare the list, follow this simple advice to learn anything |
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> Just **pick a project and start working on it**, you will learn all that you need along the way. |
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|
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**→** [All Roadmaps](/roadmaps) • [Programming guides](/guides) • [Subscribe](/signup) |
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