Print newline character instead of using `std::endl`

src/data/roadmaps/cpp/content/100-introduction/100-what-is-cpp.md

@@ -32,12 +32,12 @@ int main() {
 
     // Using the standalone function 'add'
     int sum = add(x, y);
-    std::cout << "Sum: " << sum << std::endl;
+    std::cout << "Sum: " << sum << '\n';
 
     // Using a class and member function
     Calculator calc;
     int product = calc.multiply(x, y);
-    std::cout << "Product: " << product << std::endl;
+    std::cout << "Product: " << product << '\n';
 
     return 0;
 }

src/data/roadmaps/cpp/content/100-introduction/101-why-cpp.md

@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ int main() {
     // High-level programming
     std::vector<int> myVector = {1, 2, 3};
     for (const auto &i: myVector) {
-        std::cout << i << std::endl;
+        std::cout << i << '\n';
     }
 }
 ```

src/data/roadmaps/cpp/content/100-introduction/index.md

@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ int main() {
     int number;
     std::cout << "Enter an integer: ";
     std::cin >> number;
-    std::cout << "You entered: " << number << std::endl;
+    std::cout << "You entered: " << number << '\n';
     return 0;
 }
 ```
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ int add(int a, int b) {
 
 int main() {
     int result = add(3, 4);
-    std::cout << "3 + 4 = " << result << std::endl;
+    std::cout << "3 + 4 = " << result << '\n';
     return 0;
 }
 ```

src/data/roadmaps/cpp/content/101-setting-up/102-first-program.md

@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ std::cout << "Hello, World!\n";
 - `std`: This is the namespace where C++ standard library entities (classes and functions) reside. It stands for "standard" and is an abbreviation for the Standard Template Library (STL).
 - `std::cout`: The standard "character output" stream that writes to the console
 - `"Hello, World!"`: The string literal to print
-- `std::endl`: The "end line" manipulator that inserts a newline character and flushes the output buffer
+- `'\n'`: The "end line" manipulator that inserts a newline character and flushes the output buffer
 
 ## Return Statement
 

src/data/roadmaps/cpp/content/102-basic-operations/102-loops.md

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ For example:
 
 int main() {
     for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
-        std::cout << "Iteration: " << i << std::endl;
+        std::cout << "Iteration: " << i << '\n';
     }
     return 0;
 }
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ For example:
 int main() {
     int i = 0;
     while (i < 5) {
-        std::cout << "Iteration: " << i << std::endl;
+        std::cout << "Iteration: " << i << '\n';
         i++;
     }
     return 0;
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ For example:
 int main() {
     int i = 0;
     do {
-        std::cout << "Iteration: " << i << std::endl;
+        std::cout << "Iteration: " << i << '\n';
         i++;
     } while (i < 5);
     return 0;

src/data/roadmaps/cpp/content/103-functions/index.md

@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ int addNumbers(int a, int b) {
 int main() {
     int num1 = 5, num2 = 10;
     int result = addNumbers(num1, num2); // Calling the function
-    std::cout << "The sum is: " << result << std::endl;
+    std::cout << "The sum is: " << result << '\n';
     return 0;
 }
 ```
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ int multiplyNumbers(int x, int y);
 int main() {
     int num1 = 3, num2 = 7;
     int result = multiplyNumbers(num1, num2); // Calling the function
-    std::cout << "The product is: " << result << std::endl;
+    std::cout << "The product is: " << result << '\n';
     return 0;
 }
 

src/data/roadmaps/cpp/content/104-data-types/100-static-typing.md

@@ -17,9 +17,9 @@ int main() {
     c = num;    // This asssigment would convert num's value to ASCII equivalent character
     num = pi; // This assignment would convert pi's value from double type to int type
     
-    std::cout << "The value of num is: " << num << std::endl;
-    std::cout << "The value of pi is: " << pi << std::endl;
-    std::cout << "The value of c is: "<< c << std::endl;
+    std::cout << "The value of num is: " << num << '\n';
+    std::cout << "The value of pi is: " << pi << '\n';
+    std::cout << "The value of c is: "<< c << '\n';
     return 0;
 }
 ```

src/data/roadmaps/cpp/content/104-data-types/101-dynamic-typing/index.md

@@ -20,13 +20,13 @@ int main() {
     void* void_ptr;
 
     void_ptr = &x;
-    std::cout << "int value: " << *(static_cast<int*>(void_ptr)) << std::endl;
+    std::cout << "int value: " << *(static_cast<int*>(void_ptr)) << '\n';
 
     void_ptr = &y;
-    std::cout << "float value: " << *(static_cast<float*>(void_ptr)) << std::endl;
+    std::cout << "float value: " << *(static_cast<float*>(void_ptr)) << '\n';
 
     void_ptr = &z;
-    std::cout << "string value: " << *(static_cast<std::string*>(void_ptr)) << std::endl;
+    std::cout << "string value: " << *(static_cast<std::string*>(void_ptr)) << '\n';
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -45,13 +45,13 @@ int main() {
     std::any any_value;
 
     any_value = 42;
-    std::cout << "int value: " << std::any_cast<int>(any_value) << std::endl;
+    std::cout << "int value: " << std::any_cast<int>(any_value) << '\n';
 
     any_value = 3.14;
-    std::cout << "double value: " << std::any_cast<double>(any_value) << std::endl;
+    std::cout << "double value: " << std::any_cast<double>(any_value) << '\n';
 
     any_value = std::string("Hello, world!");
-    std::cout << "string value: " << std::any_cast<std::string>(any_value) << std::endl;
+    std::cout << "string value: " << std::any_cast<std::string>(any_value) << '\n';
 
     return 0;
 }

src/data/roadmaps/cpp/content/104-data-types/index.md

@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ public:
     int age;
 
     void printInfo() {
-        std::cout << "Name: " << name << ", Age: " << age << std::endl;
+        std::cout << "Name: " << name << ", Age: " << age << '\n';
     };
 };
 

src/data/roadmaps/cpp/content/105-pointers-and-references/100-references.md

@@ -14,10 +14,10 @@ You can use the reference just like you'd use the original variable. When you ch
 
 ```cpp
 var = 20;            // Sets the value of var to 20
-std::cout << ref << std::endl; // Outputs 20
+std::cout << ref << '\n'; // Outputs 20
 
 ref = 30;            // Sets the value of ref to 30
-std::cout << var << std::endl; // Outputs 30
+std::cout << var << '\n'; // Outputs 30
 ```
 
 ## Function Parameters
@@ -31,9 +31,9 @@ void swap(int& a, int& b) {
 
 int main() {
    int x = 5, y = 10;
-   std::cout << "Before Swap: x = " << x << " y = " << y << std::endl; // Outputs 5 10
+   std::cout << "Before Swap: x = " << x << " y = " << y << '\n'; // Outputs 5 10
    
    swap(x, y);
-   std::cout << "After Swap: x = " << x << " y = " << y << std::endl;  // Outputs 10 5
+   std::cout << "After Swap: x = " << x << " y = " << y << '\n';  // Outputs 10 5
 }
 ```

src/data/roadmaps/cpp/content/105-pointers-and-references/smart-pointers/102-uniqe-ptr.md

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ int main() {
     std::unique_ptr<int> p1(new int(5)); // Initialize with pointer to a new integer
     std::unique_ptr<int> p2 = std::make_unique<int>(10); // Preferred method (C++14 onwards)
 
-    std::cout << *p1 << ", " << *p2 << std::endl;
+    std::cout << *p1 << ", " << *p2 << '\n';
     return 0;
 }
 ```

src/data/roadmaps/cpp/content/106-structuring-codebase/100-scope/100-namespaces.md

@@ -27,8 +27,8 @@ namespace animals {
 }
 
 int main() {
-    std::cout << "Dog's name: " << animals::dog << std::endl;
-    std::cout << "Cat's name: " << animals::cat << std::endl;
+    std::cout << "Dog's name: " << animals::dog << '\n';
+    std::cout << "Cat's name: " << animals::cat << '\n';
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -50,8 +50,8 @@ namespace outer {
 }
 
 int main() {
-    std::cout << "Outer x: " << outer::x << std::endl;
-    std::cout << "Inner y: " << outer::inner::y << std::endl;
+    std::cout << "Outer x: " << outer::x << '\n';
+    std::cout << "Inner y: " << outer::inner::y << '\n';
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ namespace animals {
 int main() {
     using animals::dog;
     
-    std::cout << "Dog's name: " << dog << std::endl;
+    std::cout << "Dog's name: " << dog << '\n';
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -93,8 +93,8 @@ namespace animals {
 int main() {
     using namespace animals;
     
-    std::cout << "Dog's name: " << dog << std::endl;
-    std::cout << "Cat's name: " << cat << std::endl;
+    std::cout << "Dog's name: " << dog << '\n';
+    std::cout << "Cat's name: " << cat << '\n';
 
     return 0;
 }

src/data/roadmaps/cpp/content/106-structuring-codebase/100-scope/index.md

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 int globalVar; // This is a global variable
 
 int main() {
-    std::cout << "Global variable: " << globalVar << std::endl;
+    std::cout << "Global variable: " << globalVar << '\n';
 }
 ```
 
@@ -22,12 +22,12 @@ int main() {
 void localExample() {
     int localVar; // This is a local variable
     localVar = 5;
-    std::cout << "Local variable: " << localVar << std::endl;
+    std::cout << "Local variable: " << localVar << '\n';
 }
 
 int main() {
     localExample();
-    // std::cout << localVar << std::endl; //error: ‘localVar’ was not declared in this scope
+    // std::cout << localVar << '\n'; //error: ‘localVar’ was not declared in this scope
 }
 ```
 
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ namespace MyNamespace {
 }
 
 int main() {
-    std::cout << "Namespace variable: " << MyNamespace::namespaceVar << std::endl;
+    std::cout << "Namespace variable: " << MyNamespace::namespaceVar << '\n';
 }
 ```
 
@@ -62,8 +62,8 @@ int MyClass::staticMember = 7;
 
 int main() {
     MyClass obj(10);
-    std::cout << "Static member: " << MyClass::staticMember << std::endl;
-    std::cout << "Non-static member: " << obj.nonStaticMember << std::endl;
+    std::cout << "Static member: " << MyClass::staticMember << '\n';
+    std::cout << "Non-static member: " << obj.nonStaticMember << '\n';
 }
 ```
 

src/data/roadmaps/cpp/content/107-structures-and-classes/101-oop/100-static-polymorphism/index.md

@@ -12,15 +12,15 @@ Example:
 #include <iostream>
 
 void print(int i) {
-    std::cout << "Printing int: " << i << std::endl;
+    std::cout << "Printing int: " << i << '\n';
 }
 
 void print(double d) {
-    std::cout << "Printing double: " << d << std::endl;
+    std::cout << "Printing double: " << d << '\n';
 }
 
 void print(const char* s) {
-    std::cout << "Printing string: " << s << std::endl;
+    std::cout << "Printing string: " << s << '\n';
 }
 
 int main() {
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ Example:
 // Template function to print any type
 template<typename T>
 void print(const T& value) {
-    std::cout << "Printing value: " << value << std::endl;
+    std::cout << "Printing value: " << value << '\n';
 }
 
 int main() {

src/data/roadmaps/cpp/content/107-structures-and-classes/101-oop/100-static-polymorphism/overloading-functions.md

@@ -12,15 +12,15 @@ Here's an example illustrating function overloading:
 #include <iostream>
 
 void print(int num) {
-    std::cout << "Printing int: " << num << std::endl;
+    std::cout << "Printing int: " << num << '\n';
 }
 
 void print(double num) {
-    std::cout << "Printing double: " << num << std::endl;
+    std::cout << "Printing double: " << num << '\n';
 }
 
 void print(char const *str) {
-    std::cout << "Printing string: " << str << std::endl;
+    std::cout << "Printing string: " << str << '\n';
 }
 
 int main() {

src/data/roadmaps/cpp/content/107-structures-and-classes/101-oop/101-dynamic-polymorphism/virtual-methods.md

@@ -53,10 +53,10 @@ int main() {
     Rectangle r(4, 6);
 
     Shape* shape = &c;
-    std::cout << "Circle's area: " << shape->area() << std::endl;
+    std::cout << "Circle's area: " << shape->area() << '\n';
 
     shape = &r;
-    std::cout << "Rectangle's area: " << shape->area() << std::endl;
+    std::cout << "Rectangle's area: " << shape->area() << '\n';
 
     return 0;
 }

src/data/roadmaps/cpp/content/107-structures-and-classes/index.md

@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ public:
     void display() {
         std::cout << "Roll no: " << roll_no
                   << "\nName: " << name
-                  << "\nMarks: " << marks << std::endl;
+                  << "\nMarks: " << marks << '\n';
     }
 };
 

src/data/roadmaps/cpp/content/108-exception-handling/100-exceptions/index.md

@@ -39,11 +39,11 @@ try {
     throw "Division by zero not allowed!";
   } else {
     int result = num1 / num2;
-    std::cout << "Result: " << result << std::endl;
+    std::cout << "Result: " << result << '\n';
   }
 }
 catch (const char* e) {
-  std::cout << "Error: " << e << std::endl;
+  std::cout << "Error: " << e << '\n';
 }
 ```
 

src/data/roadmaps/cpp/content/108-exception-handling/index.md

@@ -31,9 +31,9 @@ int main() {
 
     try {
         int result = divide(num1, num2);
-        std::cout << "The result is: " << result << std::endl;
+        std::cout << "The result is: " << result << '\n';
     } catch (const char* msg) {
-        std::cerr << "Error: " << msg << std::endl;
+        std::cerr << "Error: " << msg << '\n';
     }
 
     return 0;
@@ -71,9 +71,9 @@ int main() {
 
     try {
         int result = divide(num1, num2);
-        std::cout << "The result is: " << result << std::endl;
+        std::cout << "The result is: " << result << '\n';
     } catch (const std::exception& e) {
-        std::cerr << "Error: " << e.what() << std::endl;
+        std::cerr << "Error: " << e.what() << '\n';
     }
 
     return 0;

src/data/roadmaps/cpp/content/109-language-concepts/100-auto.md

@@ -24,12 +24,12 @@ int main() {
 
     // Without auto, iterating the vector would look like this:
     for (std::vector<int>::iterator it = myVector.begin(); it != myVector.end(); ++it) {
-        std::cout << *it << std::endl;
+        std::cout << *it << '\n';
     }
 
     // With auto, the iterator declaration becomes simpler:
     for (auto it = myVector.begin(); it != myVector.end(); ++it) {
-        std::cout << *it << std::endl;
+        std::cout << *it << '\n';
     }
 }
 ```

src/data/roadmaps/cpp/content/109-language-concepts/101-type-casting/101-const-cast.md

@@ -19,10 +19,10 @@ void modifyVariable(int* ptr) {
 int main() {
     const int original_value = 10;
     int* non_const_value_ptr = const_cast<int*>(&original_value);
-    std::cout << "Original value: " << original_value << std::endl;
+    std::cout << "Original value: " << original_value << '\n';
 
     modifyVariable(non_const_value_ptr);
-    std::cout << "Modified value: " << *non_const_value_ptr << ", original_value: " << original_value << std::endl;
+    std::cout << "Modified value: " << *non_const_value_ptr << ", original_value: " << original_value << '\n';
 
     assert(non_const_value_ptr == &original_value);
 

src/data/roadmaps/cpp/content/109-language-concepts/101-type-casting/103-reinterpret-cast.md

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ int main() {
 
     for (size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(int); ++i) {
         // Print the individual bytes of the integer as characters
-        std::cout << "Byte " << i << ": " << char_ptr[i] << std::endl;
+        std::cout << "Byte " << i << ": " << char_ptr[i] << '\n';
     }
 
     return 0;

src/data/roadmaps/cpp/content/109-language-concepts/103-adl.md

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ int main() {
     MyNamespace::MyClass obj;
     obj.value = 42;
     using std::cout; // Required to use 'cout' without fully qualifying it.
-    cout << obj << std::endl; // ADL is used to find the correct overloaded 'operator<<'.
+    cout << obj << '\n'; // ADL is used to find the correct overloaded 'operator<<'.
 }
 ```
 

src/data/roadmaps/cpp/content/110-stl/101-iostream.md

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ int main() {
     int a;
     std::cout << "Enter a number: ";
     std::cin >> a;
-    std::cout << "You entered: " << a << std::endl;
+    std::cout << "You entered: " << a << '\n';
     return 0;
 }
 ```

src/data/roadmaps/cpp/content/110-stl/103-date-time.md

@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ To convert a time point to calendar representation, you can use the `std::chrono
 int main() {
     std::chrono::system_clock::time_point now = std::chrono::system_clock::now();
     std::time_t now_c = std::chrono::system_clock::to_time_t(now);
-    std::cout << "Current time: " << std::ctime(&now_c) << std::endl;
+    std::cout << "Current time: " << std::ctime(&now_c) << '\n';
     return 0;
 }
 ```

src/data/roadmaps/cpp/content/110-stl/104-multithreading.md

@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ You can pass arguments to the thread function by providing them as additional ar
 #include <thread>
 
 void print_sum(int a, int b) {
-    std::cout << "The sum is: " << a + b << std::endl;
+    std::cout << "The sum is: " << a + b << '\n';
 }
 
 int main() {
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ void print_block(int n, char c) {
         for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
             std::cout << c;
         }
-        std::cout << std::endl;
+        std::cout << '\n';
     }
 }
 

src/data/roadmaps/cpp/content/110-stl/105-ccontainers.md

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ int main() {
     for (int x : vec) {
         std::cout << ' ' << x;
     }
-    std::cout << std::endl;
+    std::cout << '\n';
 }
 ```
 
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ int main() {
     for (int x : lst) {
         std::cout << ' ' << x;
     }
-    std::cout << std::endl;
+    std::cout << '\n';
 }
 ```
 
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ int main() {
 
     std::cout << "Map contains:\n";
     for (const auto &pair : m) {
-        std::cout << pair.first << ": " << pair.second << std::endl;
+        std::cout << pair.first << ": " << pair.second << '\n';
     }
 }
 ```
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ int main() {
 
     std::cout << "Unordered map contains:\n";
     for (const auto &pair : um) {
-        std::cout << pair.first << ": " << pair.second << std::endl;
+        std::cout << pair.first << ": " << pair.second << '\n';
     }
 }
 ```

src/data/roadmaps/cpp/content/111-templates/100-variadic-templates.md

@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ T sum(T t, Args... args) {
 
 int main() {
   int result = sum(1, 2, 3, 4, 5);  // expands to 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5
-  std::cout << "The sum is: " << result << std::endl;
+  std::cout << "The sum is: " << result << '\n';
 
   return 0;
 }
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ class Tuple<Head, Tail...> : public Tuple<Tail...> {
 
 int main() {
   Tuple<int, float, double> tuple(1, 2.0f, 3.0);
-  std::cout << "First element: " << tuple.head() << std::endl;
+  std::cout << "First element: " << tuple.head() << '\n';
   return 0;
 }
 ```

src/data/roadmaps/cpp/content/111-templates/101-template-specialization/101-partial.md

@@ -36,9 +36,9 @@ int main() {
     MyTemplate<double*> t2; // Partial specialization for pointers
     MyTemplate<int> t3; // Full specialization for int
 
-    std::cout << t1.name() << std::endl;
-    std::cout << t2.name() << std::endl;
-    std::cout << t3.name() << std::endl;
+    std::cout << t1.name() << '\n';
+    std::cout << t2.name() << '\n';
+    std::cout << t3.name() << '\n';
 
     return 0;
 }

src/data/roadmaps/cpp/content/111-templates/101-template-specialization/index.md

@@ -19,12 +19,12 @@ Here is an example:
 
 template <typename T>
 void printData(const T& data) {
-    std::cout << "General template: " << data << std::endl;
+    std::cout << "General template: " << data << '\n';
 }
 
 template <>
 void printData(const char* const & data) {
-    std::cout << "Specialized template for const char*: " << data << std::endl;
+    std::cout << "Specialized template for const char*: " << data << '\n';
 }
 
 int main() {
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ public:
     MyPair(K k, V v) : key(k), value(v) {}
 
     void print() const {
-        std::cout << "General template: key = " << key << ", value = " << value << std::endl;
+        std::cout << "General template: key = " << key << ", value = " << value << '\n';
     }
 
 private:
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ public:
 
     void print() const {
         std::cout << "Partial specialization for int values: key = " << key
-                  << ", value = " << value << std::endl;
+                  << ", value = " << value << '\n';
     }
 
 private:

src/data/roadmaps/cpp/content/111-templates/102-type-traits.md

@@ -21,8 +21,8 @@ int main() {
     int a;
     int* a_ptr = &a;
 
-    std::cout << "Is 'a' a pointer? " << std::boolalpha << std::is_pointer<decltype(a)>::value << std::endl;
-    std::cout << "Is 'a_ptr' a pointer? " << std::boolalpha << std::is_pointer<decltype(a_ptr)>::value << std::endl;
+    std::cout << "Is 'a' a pointer? " << std::boolalpha << std::is_pointer<decltype(a)>::value << '\n';
+    std::cout << "Is 'a_ptr' a pointer? " << std::boolalpha << std::is_pointer<decltype(a_ptr)>::value << '\n';
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ typename std::enable_if<std::is_arithmetic<T>::value, T>::type find_max(T a, T b
 
 int main() {
     int max = find_max(10, 20);
-    std::cout << "Max: " << max << std::endl;
+    std::cout << "Max: " << max << '\n';
 
     return 0;
 }

src/data/roadmaps/cpp/content/113-standards/100-cpp11-14.md

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ The C++11 standard, also known as C++0x, was officially released in September 20
   ```cpp
   std::vector<int> numbers {1, 2, 3, 4};
   for (int number : numbers) {
-      std::cout << number << std::endl;
+      std::cout << number << '\n';
   }
   ```
 

src/data/roadmaps/cpp/content/113-standards/102-cpp20.md

@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ std::future<int> async_value(int value) {
 
 int main() {
     auto result = async_value(42);
-    std::cout << "Result: " << result.get() << std::endl;
+    std::cout << "Result: " << result.get() << '\n';
 }
 ```
 

src/data/roadmaps/cpp/content/113-standards/104-cpp0x.md

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ Some of the notable features in C++11 include:
   ```cpp
   std::vector<int> vec = {1, 2, 3};
   for (int i : vec) {
-      std::cout << i << std::endl;
+      std::cout << i << '\n';
   }
   ```
 

src/data/roadmaps/cpp/content/113-standards/index.md

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ Here's a brief summary of the different C++ standards released to date:
    ```cpp
    std::vector<int> numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4};
    for (int num : numbers) {
-       std::cout << num << std::endl;
+       std::cout << num << '\n';
    }
    ```
    - Smart pointers like `std::shared_ptr` and `std::unique_ptr`.

src/data/roadmaps/cpp/content/114-debuggers/100-debugger-messages.md

@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ int main() {
     int num2 = 0;
     int result = num1 / num2;
 
-    std::cout << "Result: " << result << std::endl;
+    std::cout << "Result: " << result << '\n';
 
     return 0;
 }

src/data/roadmaps/cpp/content/114-debuggers/103-gdb.md

@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ Suppose you have a simple `cpp` file called `example.cpp`:
 #include <iostream>
 
 void my_function(int i) {
-  std::cout << "In my_function with i = " << i << std::endl;
+  std::cout << "In my_function with i = " << i << '\n';
 }
 
 int main() {

src/data/roadmaps/cpp/content/115-compilers/100-stages.md

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ The first stage is the preprocessing of the source code. Preprocessors modify th
 #define PI 3.14
 
 int main() {
-    std::cout << "The value of PI is: " << PI << std::endl;
+    std::cout << "The value of PI is: " << PI << '\n';
     return 0;
 }
 ```

src/data/roadmaps/cpp/content/frameworks/104-pytorch-cpp.md

@@ -15,19 +15,19 @@ To use the PyTorch C++ API, you need to install the LibTorch distribution. Follo
 int main() {
   // Create a 3x3 matrix with zeros.
   torch::Tensor a = torch::zeros({3, 3});
-  std::cout << a << std::endl;
+  std::cout << a << '\n';
 
   // Create a 2x2 matrix with ones and convert to float.
   torch::Tensor b = torch::ones({2, 2}).to(torch::kFloat);
-  std::cout << b << std::endl;
+  std::cout << b << '\n';
 
   // Create a random tensor size 2x2 and specify its type.
   torch::Tensor c = torch::randint(0, 10, {2, 2}, torch::kInt);
-  std::cout << c << std::endl;
+  std::cout << c << '\n';
 
   // Perform element-wise addition.
   auto sum = b + c.to(torch::kFloat);
-  std::cout << sum << std::endl;
+  std::cout << sum << '\n';
 }
 ```
 
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ int main() {
   // Use the custom module.
   torch::Tensor input = torch::randn({2, 1, 28, 28});
   torch::Tensor output = net.forward(input);
-  std::cout << output << std::endl;
+  std::cout << output << '\n';
 
   return 0;
 }

src/data/roadmaps/cpp/content/libraries/102-poco.md

@@ -51,17 +51,17 @@ int main()
       std::string responseBody;
       StreamCopier::copyToString(responseStream, responseBody);
 
-      std::cout << "Response: " << responseBody << std::endl;
+      std::cout << "Response: " << responseBody << '\n';
     }
     else
     {
       // Error
-      std::cout << "Error: " << response.getStatus() << " " << response.getReason() << std::endl;
+      std::cout << "Error: " << response.getStatus() << " " << response.getReason() << '\n';
     }
   }
   catch(const Exception& e)
   {
-    std::cerr << "Error: " << e.displayText() << std::endl;
+    std::cerr << "Error: " << e.displayText() << '\n';
     return -1;
   }
 

src/data/roadmaps/cpp/content/libraries/103-protobuf.md

@@ -58,9 +58,9 @@ Here is a brief summary of protobuf and how to use it in C++:
        input.close();
 
        // Print the deserialized message
-       std::cout << "Name: " << input_person.name() << std::endl;
-       std::cout << "Age: " << input_person.age() << std::endl;
-       std::cout << "Email: " << input_person.email() << std::endl;
+       std::cout << "Name: " << input_person.name() << '\n';
+       std::cout << "Age: " << input_person.age() << '\n';
+       std::cout << "Email: " << input_person.email() << '\n';
 
        google::protobuf::ShutdownProtobufLibrary();
 

src/data/roadmaps/cpp/content/libraries/104-grpc.md

@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ void RunServer() {
   builder.RegisterService(&service);
 
   std::unique_ptr<Server> server(builder.BuildAndStart());
-  std::cout << "Server listening on " << server_address << std::endl;
+  std::cout << "Server listening on " << server_address << '\n';
   server->Wait();
 }
 
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ int main(int argc, char** argv) {
   GreeterClient greeter(grpc::CreateChannel("localhost:50051", grpc::InsecureChannelCredentials()));
   std::string user("world");
   std::string reply = greeter.SayHello(user);
-  std::cout << "Greeter received: " << reply << std::endl;
+  std::cout << "Greeter received: " << reply << '\n';
 
   return 0;
 }

src/data/roadmaps/cpp/content/libraries/108-opencl.md

@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ int main() {
 
     // Output results
     for (size_t i = 0; i < A.size(); ++i) {
-        std::cout << A[i] << " + " << B[i] << " = " << C[i] << std::endl;
+        std::cout << A[i] << " + " << B[i] << " = " << C[i] << '\n';
     }
     return 0;
 }