Add newline character to preceding string instead of using `std::endl`

src/data/roadmaps/cpp/content/100-introduction/102-c-vs-cpp.md

@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ int main() {
 class HelloWorld {
 public:
     void printHello() {
-        std::cout << "Hello, World!" << std::endl;
+        std::cout << "Hello, World!\n";
     }
 };
 

src/data/roadmaps/cpp/content/101-setting-up/102-first-program.md

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ The first program that most people learn to write in any programming language is
 #include <iostream>
 
 int main() {
-  std::cout << "Hello, World!" << std::endl;
+  std::cout << "Hello, World!\n";
   return 0;
 }
 ```
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ int main() {
 To output text to the console, we use the `std::cout` object and the insertion operator `<<`. In the "Hello, World!" example, we used the following line to print "Hello, World!" to the console:
 
 ```cpp
-std::cout << "Hello, World!" << std::endl;
+std::cout << "Hello, World!\n";
 ```
 - `std`: This is the namespace where C++ standard library entities (classes and functions) reside. It stands for "standard" and is an abbreviation for the Standard Template Library (STL).
 - `std::cout`: The standard "character output" stream that writes to the console

src/data/roadmaps/cpp/content/101-setting-up/index.md

@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ Create a new file called `main.cpp` within your project and include this code:
 #include <iostream>
 
 int main() {
-    std::cout << "Hello, World!" << std::endl;
+    std::cout << "Hello, World!\n";
     return 0;
 }
 ```

src/data/roadmaps/cpp/content/102-basic-operations/101-logical-operators.md

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ C++ provides the following logical operators:
    ```cpp
    int a = 5, b = 10;
    if (a > 0 && b > 0) {
-       std::cout << "Both values are positive." << std::endl;
+       std::cout << "Both values are positive.\n";
    }
    ```
 - **OR Operator (||)**
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ C++ provides the following logical operators:
    ```cpp
    int a = 5, b = -10;
    if (a > 0 || b > 0) {
-       std::cout << "At least one value is positive." << std::endl;
+       std::cout << "At least one value is positive.\n";
    }
    ```
 
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ C++ provides the following logical operators:
    ```cpp
    int a = 5;
    if (!(a < 0)) {
-       std::cout << "The value is not negative." << std::endl;
+       std::cout << "The value is not negative.\n";
    }
    ```
 
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ Using these operators, you can create more complex logical expressions, for exam
 int a = 5, b = -10, c = 15;
 
 if (a > 0 && (b > 0 || c > 0)) {
-    std::cout << "At least two values are positive." << std::endl;
+    std::cout << "At least two values are positive.\n";
 }
 ```
 

src/data/roadmaps/cpp/content/103-functions/100-lambda.md

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ Here are a few examples to demonstrate the use of lambda functions in C++:
 
 ```cpp
 auto printHello = []() {
-    std::cout << "Hello, World!" << std::endl;
+    std::cout << "Hello, World!\n";
 };
 printHello(); // Output: Hello, World!
 ```

src/data/roadmaps/cpp/content/105-pointers-and-references/smart-pointers/101-shared-ptr.md

@@ -14,8 +14,8 @@ Here's an example of how to use `shared_ptr`:
 
 class MyClass {
 public:
-    MyClass() { std::cout << "Constructor is called." << std::endl; }
+    MyClass() { std::cout << "Constructor is called.\n"; }
-    ~MyClass() { std::cout << "Destructor is called." << std::endl; }
+    ~MyClass() { std::cout << "Destructor is called.\n"; }
 };
 
 int main() {
@@ -26,11 +26,11 @@ int main() {
         // create another shared pointer and initialize it with the previously created pointer
         std::shared_ptr<MyClass> ptr2 = ptr1;
 
-        std::cout << "Inside the inner scope." << std::endl;
+        std::cout << "Inside the inner scope.\n";
         // both pointers share the same object, and the reference counter has been increased to 2
     }
 
-    std::cout << "Outside the inner scope." << std::endl;
+    std::cout << "Outside the inner scope.\n";
     // leaving the inner scope will destroy ptr2, and the reference counter is decremented to 1
     
     // the main function returns, ptr1 goes out of scope, and the reference counter becomes 0

src/data/roadmaps/cpp/content/105-pointers-and-references/smart-pointers/102-uniqe-ptr.md

@@ -35,9 +35,9 @@ int main() {
     std::unique_ptr<int> p2 = std::move(p1); // Ownership is transferred from p1 to p2
 
     if (p1) {
-        std::cout << "p1 owns the object" << std::endl;
+        std::cout << "p1 owns the object\n";
     } else if (p2) {
-        std::cout << "p2 owns the object" << std::endl;
+        std::cout << "p2 owns the object\n";
     }
 
     return 0;
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ int main() {
 
 struct MyDeleter {
     void operator()(int* ptr) {
-        std::cout << "Custom Deleter: Deleting pointer" << std::endl;
+        std::cout << "Custom Deleter: Deleting pointer\n";
         delete ptr;
     }
 };

src/data/roadmaps/cpp/content/106-structuring-codebase/101-code-splitting/index.md

@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ Example of a source file:
 #include <iostream>
 
 void Example::printMessage() {
-    std::cout << "Hello, code splitting!" << std::endl;
+    std::cout << "Hello, code splitting!\n";
 }
 ```
 

src/data/roadmaps/cpp/content/107-structures-and-classes/101-oop/101-dynamic-polymorphism/index.md

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ Here's an example in C++ demonstrating dynamic polymorphism.
 class Shape {
 public:
     virtual void draw() {
-        std::cout << "Drawing a shape" << std::endl; 
+        std::cout << "Drawing a shape\n"; 
     }
 };
 
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ public:
 class Circle : public Shape {
 public:
     void draw() override {
-        std::cout << "Drawing a circle" << std::endl; 
+        std::cout << "Drawing a circle\n"; 
     }
 };
 
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ public:
 class Rectangle : public Shape {
 public:
     void draw() override {
-        std::cout << "Drawing a rectangle" << std::endl;
+        std::cout << "Drawing a rectangle\n";
     }
 };
 

src/data/roadmaps/cpp/content/107-structures-and-classes/101-oop/101-dynamic-polymorphism/virtual-tables.md

@@ -12,22 +12,22 @@ Let's consider the following example:
 class Base {
 public:
     virtual void function1() {
-        std::cout << "Base::function1" << std::endl;
+        std::cout << "Base::function1\n";
     }
 
     virtual void function2() {
-        std::cout << "Base::function2" << std::endl;
+        std::cout << "Base::function2\n";
     }
 };
 
 class Derived : public Base {
 public:
     void function1() override {
-        std::cout << "Derived::function1" << std::endl;
+        std::cout << "Derived::function1\n";
     }
 
     void function3() {
-        std::cout << "Derived::function3" << std::endl;
+        std::cout << "Derived::function3\n";
     }
 };
 

src/data/roadmaps/cpp/content/107-structures-and-classes/101-oop/index.md

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ public:
     int age;
 
     void bark() {
-        std::cout << name << " barks!" << std::endl;
+        std::cout << name << " barks!\n";
     }
 };
 ```
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ public:
     }
 
     void bark() {
-        std::cout << name << " barks!" << std::endl;
+        std::cout << name << " barks!\n";
     }
 };
 ```
@@ -62,14 +62,14 @@ Inheritance is the concept of deriving new classes from existing ones, which ena
 class Animal {
 public:
     void breathe() {
-        std::cout << "I can breathe" << std::endl;
+        std::cout << "I can breathe\n";
     }
 };
 
 class Dog : public Animal {
 public:
     void bark() {
-        std::cout << "Dog barks!" << std::endl;
+        std::cout << "Dog barks!\n";
     }
 };
 ```
@@ -90,21 +90,21 @@ Polymorphism allows you to use a single interface to represent different types.
 class Animal {
 public:
     virtual void makeSound() {
-        std::cout << "The Animal makes a sound" << std::endl;
+        std::cout << "The Animal makes a sound\n";
     }
 };
 
 class Dog : public Animal {
 public:
     void makeSound() override {
-        std::cout << "Dog barks!" << std::endl;
+        std::cout << "Dog barks!\n";
     }
 };
 
 class Cat : public Animal {
 public:
     void makeSound() override {
-        std::cout << "Cat meows!" << std::endl;
+        std::cout << "Cat meows!\n";
     }
 };
 ```

src/data/roadmaps/cpp/content/107-structures-and-classes/102-multiple-inheritance/100-diamond-inheritance.md

@@ -12,28 +12,28 @@ To resolve this ambiguity, you can use virtual inheritance. A virtual base class
 class Base {
 public:
     void print() {
-        std::cout << "Base class" << std::endl;
+        std::cout << "Base class\n";
     }
 };
 
 class Derived1 : virtual public Base {
 public:
     void derived1Print() {
-        std::cout << "Derived1 class" << std::endl;
+        std::cout << "Derived1 class\n";
     }
 };
 
 class Derived2 : virtual public Base {
 public:
     void derived2Print() {
-        std::cout << "Derived2 class" << std::endl;
+        std::cout << "Derived2 class\n";
     }
 };
 
 class Derived3 : public Derived1, public Derived2 {
 public:
     void derived3Print() {
-        std::cout << "Derived3 class" << std::endl;
+        std::cout << "Derived3 class\n";
     }
 };
 

src/data/roadmaps/cpp/content/107-structures-and-classes/102-multiple-inheritance/index.md

@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ class Animal
 public:
     void eat()
     {
-        std::cout << "I can eat!" << std::endl;
+        std::cout << "I can eat!\n";
     }
 };
 
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ class Mammal
 public:
     void breath()
     {
-        std::cout << "I can breathe!" << std::endl;
+        std::cout << "I can breathe!\n";
     }
 };
 
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ class Dog : public Animal, public Mammal
 public:
     void bark()
     {
-        std::cout << "I can bark! Woof woof!" << std::endl;
+        std::cout << "I can bark! Woof woof!\n";
     }
 };
 

src/data/roadmaps/cpp/content/108-exception-handling/101-exit-codes.md

@@ -15,14 +15,14 @@ int main() {
     // Some code here...
 
     if (/*some error condition*/) {
-        std::cout << "An error occurred." << std::endl;
+        std::cout << "An error occurred.\n";
         return 1;
     }
 
     // More code here...
 
     if (/*another error condition*/) {
-        std::cout << "Another error occurred." << std::endl;
+        std::cout << "Another error occurred.\n";
         return 2;
     }
 
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ void some_function() {
     // Some code here...
 
     if (/*some error condition*/) {
-        std::cout << "An error occurred." << std::endl;
+        std::cout << "An error occurred.\n";
         std::exit(1);
     }
 

src/data/roadmaps/cpp/content/109-language-concepts/101-type-casting/102-dynamic-cast.md

@@ -10,14 +10,14 @@ Here is a basic example of how `dynamic_cast` can be used:
 class BaseClass {
    public:
     virtual void display() {
-        std::cout << "BaseClass" << std::endl;
+        std::cout << "BaseClass\n";
     }
 };
 
 class DerivedClass : public BaseClass {
    public:
     void display() {
-        std::cout << "DerivedClass" << std::endl;
+        std::cout << "DerivedClass\n";
     }
 };
 

src/data/roadmaps/cpp/content/110-stl/101-iostream.md

@@ -35,8 +35,8 @@ int main() {
 #include <iostream>
 
 int main() {
-    std::cerr << "An error occurred." << std::endl;
+    std::cerr << "An error occurred.\n";
-    std::clog << "Logging information." << std::endl;
+    std::clog << "Logging information.\n";
     return 0;
 }
 ```

src/data/roadmaps/cpp/content/110-stl/104-multithreading.md

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ To create a new thread, include the `<thread>` header file and create an instanc
 #include <thread>
 
 void my_function() {
-    std::cout << "This function is executing in a separate thread" << std::endl;
+    std::cout << "This function is executing in a separate thread\n";
 }
 
 int main() {

src/data/roadmaps/cpp/content/110-stl/105-ccontainers.md

@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ int main() {
     m["one"] = 1;
     m["two"] = 2;
 
-    std::cout << "Map contains:" << std::endl;
+    std::cout << "Map contains:\n";
     for (const auto &pair : m) {
         std::cout << pair.first << ": " << pair.second << std::endl;
     }
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ int main() {
     um["one"] = 1;
     um["two"] = 2;
 
-    std::cout << "Unordered map contains:" << std::endl;
+    std::cout << "Unordered map contains:\n";
     for (const auto &pair : um) {
         std::cout << pair.first << ": " << pair.second << std::endl;
     }

src/data/roadmaps/cpp/content/111-templates/101-template-specialization/100-full.md

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ template <typename T>
 class MyContainer {
 public:
     void print() {
-        std::cout << "Generic container." << std::endl;
+        std::cout << "Generic container.\n";
     }
 };
 
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ template <>
 class MyContainer<int> {
 public:
     void print() {
-        std::cout << "Container for integers." << std::endl;
+        std::cout << "Container for integers.\n";
     }
 };
 

src/data/roadmaps/cpp/content/111-templates/103-finae.md

@@ -15,14 +15,14 @@ Here's an example that demonstrates SFINAE in action:
 template <typename T, typename = void>
 struct foo_impl {
     void operator()(T t) {
-        std::cout << "Called when T is not arithmetic" << std::endl;
+        std::cout << "Called when T is not arithmetic\n";
     }
 };
 
 template <typename T>
 struct foo_impl<T, std::enable_if_t<std::is_arithmetic<T>::value>> {
     void operator()(T t) {
-        std::cout << "Called when T is arithmetic" << std::endl;
+        std::cout << "Called when T is arithmetic\n";
     }
 };
 

src/data/roadmaps/cpp/content/112-idioms/101-pimpl.md

@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ class MyClass_Impl // the actual implementation
 public:
     void some_method()
     {
-        std::cout << "Implementation method called!" << std::endl;
+        std::cout << "Implementation method called!\n";
     }
 };
 

src/data/roadmaps/cpp/content/112-idioms/102-crtp.md

@@ -17,14 +17,14 @@ public:
     }
 
     void implementation() {
-        std::cout << "Default implementation in Base" << std::endl;
+        std::cout << "Default implementation in Base\n";
     }
 };
 
 class Derived1 : public Base<Derived1> {
 public:
     void implementation() {
-        std::cout << "Custom implementation in Derived1" << std::endl;
+        std::cout << "Custom implementation in Derived1\n";
     }
 };
 

src/data/roadmaps/cpp/content/112-idioms/106-copy-write.md

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ public:
 
     // Use the same shared data for copying.
     MyString(const MyString &other) : data(other.data) { 
-        std::cout << "Copied using the Copy-Write idiom." << std::endl;
+        std::cout << "Copied using the Copy-Write idiom.\n";
     }
 
     // Make a copy only if we want to modify the data.
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ public:
         // Check if there's more than one reference.
         if (data.use_count() > 1) {
             data = std::make_shared<std::string>(*data);
-            std::cout << "Copy is actually made for writing." << std::endl;
+            std::cout << "Copy is actually made for writing.\n";
         }
         *data = str;
     }

src/data/roadmaps/cpp/content/115-compilers/index.md

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ Let's say you have a simple C++ program saved in a file called `hello.cpp`:
 #include <iostream>
 
 int main() {
-  std::cout << "Hello, World!" << std::endl;
+  std::cout << "Hello, World!\n";
   return 0;
 }
 ```

src/data/roadmaps/cpp/content/libraries/100-boost.md

@@ -27,15 +27,15 @@ int main() {
     boost::filesystem::path path("directory_path");
   
     if (boost::filesystem::exists(path)) {
-        std::cout << "Path: " << path << " exists!" << std::endl;
+        std::cout << "Path: " << path << " exists!\n";
       
         if (boost::filesystem::is_directory(path)) {
-            std::cout << "Path: " << path << " is a directory." << std::endl;
+            std::cout << "Path: " << path << " is a directory.\n";
         } else if (boost::filesystem::is_regular_file(path)) {
-            std::cout << "Path: " << path << " is a regular file." << std::endl;
+            std::cout << "Path: " << path << " is a regular file.\n";
         }
     } else {
-        std::cout << "Path: " << path << " does not exist!" << std::endl;
+        std::cout << "Path: " << path << " does not exist!\n";
     }
 
     return 0;

src/data/roadmaps/cpp/content/libraries/101-open-cv.md

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ Here's a simple example using OpenCV in C++ to read and display an image:
 
 int main(int argc, char** argv) {
     if (argc != 2) {
-        std::cout << "Usage: display_image ImageToLoadAndDisplay" << std::endl;
+        std::cout << "Usage: display_image ImageToLoadAndDisplay\n";
         return -1;
     }
 
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ int main(int argc, char** argv) {
     image = cv::imread(argv[1], cv::IMREAD_COLOR);
 
     if (!image.data) {
-        std::cout << "Could not open or find the image" << std::endl;
+        std::cout << "Could not open or find the image\n";
         return -1;
     }
 

src/data/roadmaps/cpp/content/libraries/104-grpc.md

@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ class GreeterClient {
     if (status.ok()) {
       return reply.message();
     } else {
-      std::cout << "RPC failed" << std::endl;
+      std::cout << "RPC failed\n";
       return "RPC failed";
     }
   }