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developer-roadmap/src/data/roadmaps/postgresql-dba/content/107-postgresql-infrastructu.../103-upgrade-procedures/index.md

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Upgrade Procedures

Upgrade Procedures

As a PostgreSQL DBA, one of the essential tasks is to perform database system upgrades. Upgrades are necessary to obtain new features, security patches, and bug fixes. There are two main techniques to upgrade a PostgreSQL instance:

  1. In-Place Upgrade: It involves upgrading the PostgreSQL software without changing the data directory. This process is also known as minor version upgrade.
  2. Logical Upgrade: It involves using tools like pg_dump and pg_upgrade to create a new cluster with the newer version and then migrate the data to the new cluster. This process is also known as major version upgrade.

In-Place Upgrade

An in-place upgrade is used for minor version upgrades (e.g., 12.4 to 12.5), which involve only updates to the PostgreSQL software itself without any changes to the data format or the server features.

Here are the general steps for an in-place upgrade:

  1. Verify that the new minor version of PostgreSQL is compatible with your database and applications.
  2. Backup your database as a precaution.
  3. Download and install the new minor version of PostgreSQL.
  4. Restart the PostgreSQL service to start using the new version.

Logical Upgrade

A logical upgrade is required when upgrading to a new major version of PostgreSQL (e.g., 11.x to 12.x), which may introduce changes to the data format or the server features.

Here are the general steps for a logical upgrade:

  1. Verify that the new major version is compatible with your database and applications.
  2. Backup your database.
  3. Install the new major version of PostgreSQL in parallel with the existing version.
  4. Stop the old PostgreSQL service.
  5. Use pg_upgrade to perform the upgrade:
    1. Create a new data directory for the new version.
    2. Run pg_upgrade to migrate the data from the old data directory to the new data directory.
  6. Verify the upgrade process by testing your applications and checking the logs.
  7. Switch your applications to the new PostgreSQL service.
  8. Once everything is verified, remove the old PostgreSQL instance and the old data directory.

Additional Considerations

  • Always read the release notes of the new version to understand the changes, new features, and any incompatibilities.
  • Perform thorough testing before upgrading production environments.
  • Monitor the PostgreSQL instance after the upgrade to ensure stability and performance.

By understanding these upgrade procedures, you are well-equipped to keep your PostgreSQL infrastructure secure, up-to-date, and optimized for your applications.